Theory of design

Compiled by : FD Architects Forum Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in Web : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

THEORY OF DESIGN

What is ARCHITECTURE Architectural Systems 1.

The Architecture of Space , Structure , Enclosure

2.

Experienced through Movement in Space-Time

3.

Achieved by means of Technology

4.

Accommodating A Program

5.

In relationship with its Context

We will touch on all 5 of these main points.

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“Do not try to teach design.

Teach Principles.”

- Frank Lloyd Wright.

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“Through the channel of my painting I arrived at my architecture.”

- Le Corbusier.

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“I don’t believe in principles. I am a whore. And I am paid very well for designing high rise buildings.”

-Philip Johnson

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“To be original is to return to the origin.”

- Antonio Gaudi

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“To build is to create events.”

- Walter Gropius

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

“Architecture as an index to a period.”

We are looking for the reflection in architecture of progress our own period , it give us an insight into this process, it is product of all short of factors – social , economical , scientific, technical , ethological.

- S. Giedion

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

The Study of architecture is always oriented towards two poles :

Towards seeing objects for the purpose of creation

Towards creating objects for the purpose of seeing

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What is ARCHITECTURE? Traditional

Modern

Traditionally building ideas relate to spiritual values and concepts and materials are natural and dependant upon the architect's ingenuity to mould locally available materials into shapes, surfaces and fittings.

Traditional architecture symbolizes creation.

Numbers, shapes, location all have significance in traditional design.

Function follows Form was the traditional dictum

Modern architecture ideas more in the worlds of the physical and the mental being. The roots of modern architecture concentrated on the physical aspect of humanity and a pragmatic vision for architecture.

By removing decoration, extra space, complex detailing modern design made buildings cheaper but many argue it has also made buildings lose spiritual content and contact. “Form follows Function" was the modern dictum

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

Viollet - le - duc sees Architecture from two different aspects:

THEORY Theory , which deals with that which is permanent and always valid , notably the rules of art and laws of statics

PRACTICE Practice , which seeks to adapt these eternal laws to the variable conditions of time and space

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

The practice of architecture is a multi-disciplinary profession integrating the skills of mathematics, science, art, technology, social sciences, politics, history, geography and philosophy.

PHILOSOPHY It is the philosophy of the practice that defines the rationale by which they produce particular solutions to definitive problems.

Rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, post-modernism, deconstructivism structuralism and phenomenology are some directions from philosophy influencing architecture.

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What is ARCHITECTURE?

The basic requirements of a structures include shelter and arrangement of space, both of which are utilitarian. The additional feature provided by architectural design is that of aesthetics, the expression of a building.

SHELTER

UTILITARIAN.

EXPRESSION OF BUILDING

ARRAGEMENT OF SPACE

AESTHETICS

All three items; shelter, arrangement and aesthetics must be seamlessly integrated in order to achieve a successful architectural solution. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

What is ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN? The word DESIGN is used both as a noun and a verb.

As a verb, "to design" means to create or develop a plan for a product, structure, system, or component.

As a noun, "a design" is used for either the final (solution) plan or the result of implementing that plan. ď Ž

The plan in this case is usually a drawing, a model or a description of the final product. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

What is ARCHITECTURE? Form , Function, and Materialization What we have learned about form, function, and materialization.

Seeking geometrical order and expression of formal qualities

FORM

Seeking adequate performance and expression of spaces

FUNCTION MATERIALZATION

Design is a balancing act:

Seeking adequate performance and expression of material elements

wishing versus needing

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FORM: SEEKING GEOMETRICAL ORDER AND EXPRESSION OF FORMAL QUALITIES

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FORM: SEEKING GEOMETRICAL ORDER AND EXPRESSION OF FORMAL QUALITIES

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FUNCTION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF SPACES

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FUNCTION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF SPACES

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MATERIALIZATION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF MATERIAL ELEMENTS

The materialization of the

is the

creation of the physical shell around the building spaces.

This materialization is concerned with the relationships between:

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MATERIALIZATION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF MATERIAL ELEMENTS

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MATERIALIZATION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF MATERIAL ELEMENTS

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MATERIALIZATION: SEEKING ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE AND EXPRESSION OF MATERIAL ELEMENTS

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DESIGN IS THE BALANCING ACT: WISHING VERSUS NEEDING

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DESIGN IS THE BALANCING ACT: WISHING VERSUS NEEDING

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DESIGN IS THE BALANCING ACT: WISHING VERSUS NEEDING

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Ideas

Ideas Unify Parts into a Totality Inferring a Prime Design Idea: Using Metaphors with a Humanistic Approach Theory of Contrast for Aiding Design Inside and Outside Exposed and Tempered .Up and Down Something and Nothing Order and Mystery

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IDEAS UNIFY PARTS INTO A TOTALITY

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INFERRING A PRIME DESIGN IDEA: USING METAPHORS WITH A HUMANISTIC APPROACH

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THEORY OF CONTRAST FOR AIDING DESIGN

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MORE ABOUT THE THEORY OF CONTRAST FOR AIDING DESIGN

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MORE ABOUT THEORY OF CONTRAST FOR AIDING DESIGN

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE ABOUT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: EXPOSED AND TEMPERED

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE ... EXPOSED AND TEMPERED

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: UP AND DOWN

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE ABOUT UP AND DOWN

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE ABOUT UP AND DOWN

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: SOMETHING AND NOTHING

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE … SOMETHING AND NOTHING

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: MORE … SOMETHING AND NOTHING

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SOME DIMENSIONS OF CONTRAST: ORDER AND MYSTERY

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THE THEORY 1. Primary Elements 2. Form 3. Form and Space 4. Organization 5. Circulation 6. Proportion and Scale 7. Principles

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The Primary Elements “All pictorial form begins with the point that sets itself in motion…

The point moves … and the line comes into being – the first dimension.

If the line shifts to form a plane , we obtain a twodimensional element.

In the movement from plane to spaces , the clash of planes gives rise to body (three – dimensional).

A summary of the kinetic energies which move the point into a line, the line into a plane, and the plane into a spatial dimension.”

Paul Klee The Thinking Eye: The Notebooks of Paul Klee. 1961

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The Primary Elements Form and space are the vocabulary of architecture and the built environment.

Understanding the vocabulary of the architectural profession is important.

The vocabulary is learned by looking. You must experience design. You must understand the elements of space that make it attractive. Understand why space works. If you experience poor quality space and know the reason why it is poor, you can use this experience to perform better work.

The vocabulary enables you to analyze existing spaces and effectively design new ones.

Primary Elements Point - prime generator of form. Has no dimension. Static and directionless.

Line - point extended. Has one dimension. Has length and direction.

Plane - line extended. Has two dimensions.

Volume - plane extended. Has three dimensions.

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Points  It may describe a line that connects them  It may suggest an axis and direction  It may be viewed as a segment of a

longer path

Application of a Point  Marks a position in space. Creates a

visual field. Example: if a ping pong ball is hung in a room, people will focus on the hanging ball. They may even group their chairs around the sphere. The ball has force , power. Perception of point depends on scale. Example of sum versus other stars. Piazza Del Campidoglio is an example of a http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ dominant point.

Points A point is a mark that is shows the beginning of a work or the end of it. It is the very basic element whereby an art work or a design starts. Nothing will be done without the Point. It’s the basic.

One Point marks a center where people will look and concentrate at as it directs attentions.

Points are used to amplify perception and it does not mean one point, a point in architecture can mean a center or a mole or a concentration of forms or objects near or close together.

Points that are aligned together create a line.

Points are use to create feel or texture to create form, space and texture. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

Points Points are used to create tones and more.

One point is a dot, a number of dots create different elements that are important to showcase a design.

A point does not mean that it is rounded, it can have any shape imaginable.

A Point just means a dot or a mark and that mark could be a circle, triangular, square or uneven shapes. The main purpose of the Point is there regardless of its shape.

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Primary Elements Consist of: 

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 

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Primary Elements Consist of: –

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A Line  Implies a direction ( or axis) which extends

indefinitely. Implies movement and direction.

Implies a perpendicular axis. Perception depends on scale.  A Line has length, but no width or depth  It will link, join, surround or intersect other visual elements  It describes the edges of a plane  It articulate the surfaces of a plane http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

Vertical linear elements 

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A Line ď Ž A line is a combination of a

series of points that are continuous, with an exact distance in between each dot.

They are a number of lines that are all around us, they vary from size of its thickness to the smoothness of the line: lines can be jagged, twisted, bold or anything. ď Ž Line can be the outer layer of a form. It defines a shape and also space.

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A Line ď Ž Lines creates shapes, Lines could

also show texture, lines creates patterns, Lines create color tones, lines create texture and space, line creates form and texture, line creates form and patterns and most importantly lines creates form and space. By using the right lines in a work, you are able to create something that has all of the elements which include the above: form, texture, tone, pattern, space and movement.

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A Line in architecture

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Primary Elements Consist of: A Line creates a extended point with length, direction and position

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Vertical linear elements

Suleyman mosque Istanbul, Turkey http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

Vertical linear elements

Suleyman mosque Istanbul, Turkey http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

A Spiral Line

Spiral Jetty

Robert Smithson. 1986

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Line

Curves Georges Vantongerloo.

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Line

Salk Institute Louis Kahn. 1967

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Planes      

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Planes

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Architecture by PLANE

Schroder house by gerrit rietveld http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

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Volume  

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Volume element in architecture

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Volume element in architecture – 

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Volume element in architecture 

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Architectural Volume

Ronchamps Cathedral. Le Corbusier

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Architectural Volume

Guggenheim-museum

by Frank Llyod Wright

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Architectural Volume

Villa_Rotonda by palladio http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

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Architectural Form

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Architectural Volume by Planes

Falk House. Peter Eisenman. 1969-70

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Architectonic Form

Interrelation of Volumes Georges Vantongerloo

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Platonic Solids - Cones

Cenotaph Conique. Boullee

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Platonic Solids - Sphere

Project for an Agricultural Lodge Ledoux

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Buckminster Fuller

U.S. Pavilion. Montreal Expo Buckminster Fuller. 1967

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