Compiled by : FD Architects Forum Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in Web : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Damp & Water INSULATION
Definitions Dampness The excess entry or penetration of moisture inside a building through its Floors Walls and Roofs is called Dampness. Dampness is dangerous both for Inmates Building
Due to dampness the building become unhygienic. Dampness in buildings is a risk factor for health
effects.
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Definitions Peeling off This term is related to plaster and it means that the plaster surface get disfigured. Blistered These term are related to Painting DPC (Damp proof course)
It is a continuous layer of impervious material between source of dampness and building component
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Types of Dampness Based on the movement of moisture the dampness can be of the following three types. 1. Rising or capillary dampness. 2. Falling or penetrating dampness. 3. Condensation dampness. ď Ž
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Causes of Dampness ď Ž
Following are the main causes of dampness in a building 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Rain penetration Level of site Drainability of the Soil Climatic conditions Defective Orientation Entraped moisture in the building Defective construction material Defective construstion Moisture originates in the building. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Causes of Dampness 1.
Rain penetration
1.
Level of site
1.
It is the main source of dampness. Heavy rain of short duration is less dangerous. rain water enters through joints, cracks and porous bricks or stones. Low laying building sites are effected by the depositing surface water and underground water.
Drainability of the Soil
Course grained soils like Sandy or gravely soils provides good drainibility conditions and fine grained soils like clay retain water and cause dampness.
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Causes of Dampness 4.
Climatic conditions ď Ž
4.
Defective Orientation ď Ž
4.
In cold climatic condition dampness causes due to condensation of water vapors. If building is exposed to direct rain showers and less sun rays then it cause dampness.
Entrapped moisture in the building 1.
Due Over soaked bricks and use of salty or alkaline water results dampness in building.
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Causes of Dampness 7.
Defective construction material
7.
Defective construction
7.
Porous bricks, soft stones, alkaline water etc. cause dampness of building. Through defective joints of parapet, copping and masonry joints moisture can enter in the building.
Moisture originates in the building.
It is due to the leakage through water supply or sanitary system of building.
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Effects of Dampness Following are the harmful effects of dampness in
buildings.
Building become esthetically poor. It cause dry Rot to the wooden members provided in the building. It cause corrosion of metals used in building. Plaster peels off. Paint blistered and bleached and the surface disfigured. Holes and pits are formed in topping of floors. Efflorescence occurs and bricks disintegrate and turn in to powder. Un hygienic conditions in building.
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Remedial Measures By Damp Proofing Courses (DPC) By surface treatment By water proofing construction By special devices/techniques
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Damp proofing material Classification of Damp proofing material Qualities of a good Damp proofing Material Important places for Damp proofing materials.
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Classification of Damp proofing material Damp proofing material Flexible Materials Material which do not crack and deform due to loadings. Bitumen Mastic (Mastic Asphalt
Rigid Materials Materials that cannot resist transverse stresses.
Bitumen felt
Rich Concrete
APP & SBS
Mortar
Metal Sheets
Bricks
EPDM rubber
Stone Slabs
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ASPHALT, BITUMEN AND TAR Asphalt, bitumen and tar are
hydrocarbons. Asphalt and bitumen are petroleum products Tar is a dark coloured product obtained from destructive distillation of organic substances like coal, wood or bituminous shales. Asphalt also appears in nature as natural deposits.
Melted Bitumen http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Mastic Asphalt Asphalt:
A mixture of bitumen and mineral filler. Note that Hot Rolled Asphalt is a road surfacing material. Mastic: An adhering asphalt which is placed with trowelling. Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, This thermoplastic substance and used in waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 in) thick.
Applied in hot state in 1” to 2” (2 cm to 5 cm) http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Bitumen felt ( plastomeric system) IS Code of Practice 1346 Many Type of Bituminuous sheet are used for water proofing works mainly two type of plastic based bitumen sheet are available : 1.Traditional felt : Which is to be stuck to the surface to be waterproofed with hot blown asphalt 2.Thermofusible film : sheet with underside of thermofusible film which can be heated by gas flame torch and then stick to the hot surface. Major disadvantage : most of these membranes last only five to six years and we have to remove old and reinstall new system MARKET PRODUCT : UNIFELT : bituminous felt UNIPLASTIFELT : It consists of a centre core of 25 microns thick high molecular high density polythyene film. 6 mm thick bitumen sheet available in roll By UNITED TAR (P) LTD. form http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
MODIFIED BITUMEN modified bitumen= bitumen + plastic There are two types : 1.APP ( Atactic Poly Propylene ) plastomer 2.SBS ( Sequenced Butadiene Styrene) elastomer APP modified bitumen is generally stronger and stiffer the SBS modified bitumen , which has greater flow for expansion and waterproofing qualities Both have high tolerance for UV rays Its preferred over hot mastic asphalt / bitumen MARKET PRODUCT : NILOBIT-PM & NILOBIT-PN are Polyester Reinforced Membrane NILOBIT-FN is Fibreglass Reinforced Membrane. By UNITED TAR (P) LTD. Thickness: 2mm,3mm,4mm http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Lead, copper, Aluminum sheets Insulation sheet with Aluminum 1.water,sound and fire proof 2.closed-cell flexible 3.Low thermal conductivity
aluminum flex sheet and roll insulation is a flexible, elastomeric thermal insulation, black in color. It is furnished with a smooth skin on one side which forms the outer exposed insulation surface. Lead can react chemically with cement
Lead should be laid in lime mortar. Minimum thickness of copper sheets should be 3 mm http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
EPDM rubber Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a synthetic rubber most commonly used in single-ply roofing because it is readily available and relatively simple to apply. EPDM as a roofing membrane has advanced significantly over recent years. Problems previously associated with it included moisture gain under the membrane by vapour drive (occurring on roofs with air conditioned space beneath), and that EPDM did not like to adhere to itself and seam problems occurred. Simply adding a vapour barrier will help to resolve vapour drive.
MARKET PRODUCT : STARSEAL 100 by STAR COATING & MEMBRANES PVT. LTD. POLY FLEX by M/s. POLY RUBBER PRODUCTS http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Rigid Materials
Rich Concrete 1” to 2-1/2” thick layer of P.C.C (1:2:4) painted with hot bitumen is applied Mortar Rich or fat cement mortar (1:3) is laid in ¾” thickness (2 cm) as vertical DPC. Painted with bitumen Bricks Over burnt bricks are used in two layers in (1:3) mortar Stone Slabs Two layers of stone slabs in lime cement and sand mortar (1:1:6) is provided in areas where stone is easily available.
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Qualities of a good Damp proofing Material 1. Impervious 2. Durable 3. Non disintegratable 4. Stable under the loading 5. Level finish 6. Full coverage of wall thickness 7. Availability 8. Economical http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Important places for Damp proofing materials At Plinth Level (in walls ) (external & Internal) Parapet walls Window sill Basements and Under ground Floors
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