DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 YOUR PROJECT TITLE Hao FENG 742200 Tim ＃3
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Photos of final model
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Photo of final model
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1.0 Ideation 1.1 Object 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.3 Volume 1.4 Sketch design proposal 2.0 Design 2.1 Design development intro 2.21 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.22 Precedent research 2.31 Digitization + Design proposal v.2 2.41 Design development 2.42 Precedent research 2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects 3.0 Fabrication 3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v.2 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v.3 3.4 Final Prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Assembly Drawing 3.8 Completed 2nd Skin 4.0 Reflection 5.0 Appendix 5.1 Credit 5.2 Bibliography
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MODULE 1: IDEATION
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Measured drwaings Plan 1 Scale 1:1
1.1 Object:
The object I chose is the sticks which is in the material system of section and profile. The object has 18 sticks in all and can be divided into two layers, each layer having 9 sticks. If one outer layer stick and one inner layer stick can be seen as a set, there are 9 sets and the angle between two sets of sticks is always 40 degrees. The two layers interact with each other and the sticks can be expanded and contracted by using a series of pin joints. So I decided to measure three conditions of the sticks. Because the object is too large to be photocopied and it cannot be taken apart, measuring tape is used in all three conditions to measure the accurate length and width.
Plan 2 Scale 1:2
Plan 3 Scale 1:20
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Elevation 1 Scale 1:10
Elevation 2 Scale 1:10
The first condition is when the sticks shrink together. It is measured that the height of it is 900mm. The top width is 54mm and the bottom width is 120mm. The second condition is in its intermediate state. It is measure that the height of sticks is 840 mm and the width is 1440 mm. The angle between the inner layer and the outer layer will get bigger when it expands. The third condition is when the sticks expand to maximum. It is measured the height of it is 450mm. The top width is 350mm and the bottom width is 1470mm. The spacing distance between two sets of sticks are 470mm at bottom and 225mm at top respectively.
Measured drawings Elevation 3 Scale 1:10
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Drawing in detail
1.2 Object + System Analysis:
Through the observation and the drawing, I noticed that the movement of sticks follows parallelogram rule. When sticks are folding, the angle between two layers are getting smaller and the nails are turning clock-wisely, the sticks getting shorter and wider. However, when sticks are expanding, the angle are getting bigger and the nails are turning anti-clock-wisely, the height increasing and the width decreasing. The sticks are in pressure when fold and in tension when expand.
Drawing in detail
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Top views of Rhino model in three status
Perspective of Rhino model
Elevations of Rhino model in three status
Steps of Rhino modeling: 1. Create a solid cylinder 2. Rotate it to an accurate angle 3. Arraypolar command (number of the sticks is 9) 4. Do the inner layer following the steps above
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1.3 Volume
Photos of volume
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Sketch design 1
1.4 Sketch design proposal
Sketch design 2
In module one, we selected one object and did the measured drawing and Rhino model of it. In the first lecture, four ways of making measured drawings are introduced, using the measuring tape, photographing the object, using a photocopier and taking the object apart into components (Loh 2016). Then we analyzed the material system and the rules or logics used in the selected object. A volume was produced which contains relevant the rules and material system. In the model making process, I still emphasized on the movement of the model. The basic element in my model is the parallelogram and the model itself can change into different shapes by using pin joints. Finally, we did three sketches designs of sleeping pod using the relevant ideas above. The sleeping pod need to provide personal space, sense of comfort and security. Methods like blocking people’s sight and hearing (Sommer 1969) or adding boundaries around the body can prevent people from being invaded by others. Sketch design 3
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Prototype of design (Hao Feng, 2016)
MODULE 2: DESIGN Hao FENG Mengya Yu Xuan Ly Ng
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Rhino model of design proposal v.1 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Rhino model of design proposal v.3 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Rhino model of design proposal v.2 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
2.1 Design development intro: Personal space : the physical space immediately surrounding someone, into which encroachment can feel threatening and uncomfortable (Lecture 2). Before we started, we made some criteria to help our design. 1. personal space: block people’s view and hearing 2. comfort: give people a support 3. security: make a volume
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2.21 Digitization + Design proposal v.1: When a student has a nap on a chair, the most uncomfortable thing is that the head and neck cannot be supported. So a model like a neck brace is designed. The model has two parts. The neck part works as a support and give people maximum comfort when they sleep. The head part can be closed when sleeping. It can block people’s sight and part of hearing.
Sketches of design proposal v.1 (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
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Front view of design proposal v.1 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Prototype of design propasal v.1 (Hao Feng, 2016)
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Right view of design proposal v.1 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Perspective of design proposal v.1 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
2.22 Precedent research
Neck brace - unknown
Sketches of design proposal v.1 (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
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2.31 Digitization + Design proposal v.2:
Sketches of design proposal v.2 (opening) (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
Sketches of design proposal v.2 (closing) (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
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In this design, the head part is inspired by the moment of Hao’s reconfigured model. People can adjust the size of the opening depending on how much personal space they want to have. The head structure not only gives people a sense of security and privacy but also allows people to move inside without feeling cramped. The body part used the idea taken from Xuanly’s and Mengyan’s reconfigured models. The repetitive-triangleshape elements can be raised as a kind of protection and can be folded when it is unnecessary.
Front view of design proposal v.2 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Perspective of design proposal v.2 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Top view of design proposal v.2 (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Prototype of design propasal v.2 (Hao Feng, 2016)
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2.41 Design development: The diamond-like structure in the second sleeping pod design is too strong and the head part and the body is separate, so we developed our design. The basic element of the new design is the two-quadrangle-shape structure. In our design, every size of this element is different to provide maximum comfort and convenience. In order to fulfill different user’s needs, the two-quadrangle-shape structure can transform easily by using pin joint to connect every two sticks. We divided the whole structure into five segment. A stick is used to connect the elements and wires are used to connect every segments because it can be bent into the shape we need. The whole model is mounted around the neck and support by the shoulder and the body part.
Sketches of design (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
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Top view of design (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Perspective of design (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Front view of design (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Right view of design (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
The whole structure can be divided into three parts: ear part, head part and body part. First of all, the ear part, used to block part of the hearing, protected user from the noise. Secondly, the head part can support user’s head and neck. The back is one of most vulnerable areas because people cannot see what happen behind them. So the extruded ends are used to protect user and also used as a kind of support when it is against a wall. The front of the head part has some long sticks which work as an enclosure to block used’s sight when they sleep. The last but not the least, the body part surrounds the front. The angle of the structure can change depending on how much personal space the user want to create. Besides, the weight of the body part pull the whole structure down which let the sleeping pod be wearable. Because most of people are right-hand dominated, so the body part is support by the right shoulder to protect the dominated side.
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Sketches of element (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
2.42 Precedent research: Our idea which put the repetitive element together in different to form a twisted 3D volume is derived from this precedent image. We used the shape in Xuanly’s reconfigured model as the basic element of our new model. By changing the size and shape of the basic elements, the structure of our sleeping pod is multiple.
Trivis Sculpture - unknown
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2.5 Proptype v.1 + Testing Effects:
Prototype of design development (Hao Feng, 2016)
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Module two is group work. In module two, we need to combine three group members’ ideas of their configured models and think out some new designs of sleeping pod. When design the sleeping pod, we need to consider personal space, comfort and security. At first, we wanted to design a model like a brace to support our head when we sleep. It had a head part to block people sight and hearing. Gradually, we found that the best point of our configured models is that all models can change shapes and create volume, but our sleeping pod can only close and open at the head part and cannot do other movement. We looked back our three reconfigured models again and made a model which is used element from our reconfigured models. In the process of making and doing the Rhino model, we found that the diamond shape is too strong in this design and the body part and the head part is separate. Then we developed our design again. After browsing lots of image. We made a model which can sit on someone’s head and it can change shape to fit people’s needs by contracting and expanding. It can be twisted to create a 3D volume and the sharp shape works as protection. Prototype of design development (Hao Feng, 2016)
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3.0 FABRICATION Hao FENG Mengya Yu Xuan Ly Ng
Photo of final model
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Process of development
3.1 Fabrication intro: All of the group members are satisfied with the concept and prototype we had in module two. We focused on the dynamic change of the model. Using pin joints to connect the sticks and using a main axis to connect the elements enable the model to stretch out and draw back. The model is composed of three parts, ear part, head part and body part. We create the personal space by blocking user’s sight and part of hearing and stretching out the body part’s sticks. The head part is put around the neck to support the user’s head and neck. The whole structure looks sharp and neat to give people a sense of security and comfort.
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3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2: In the process of making the prototype, we found that the model is too flexible. So we decided to add an outer layer. It is fix and used to limit the rotation of the inner layer. A stick traverse the outer layer. The user can raise his head when sleep and the inner layer element will rotate until it hit the sticks traversing the outer later. Sketches of two layers (Mengyan Yu, 2016) Prototype of v.3 (Hao & Mengyan, 2016)
Prototype of two layers (Hao Feng, 2016)
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Sketches of v.3 (Mengyan Yu, 2016)
3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v3: We chose to use MDF, however, we realized that the model was too heavy to sit on the body. So a shoulder part was added to share the weight. The shoulder part can be opened and closed at the bottom, which is easy to put on. In order to integrate it with the whole structure, the shape and size will gradually change from the outmost and connect it to the outer layer of the head part. Prototype of v.3 (Hao & Mengyan, 2016)
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Prototype of v.3 (Hao & Mengyan, 2016)
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Grasshopper for making holes
3.4 Final Prototype development + optimization:
Table of measured data
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Structure: 1. When we did the test, we found that the principle we applied to the design did not work very well which we thought may because the prototype is too small, so the user’s head restrict the rotation. Then we double the size except for the shoulder part. 2. Before we did the Rhino, we did an accurate measurement and put all the data in the excel, making catalogues for later use. Because we had many repetitive elements, the elements needed to be etched for identifying. 3. We used grasshopper to make holes in the sticks. 4. We changed the square ends to the round ends to provide more comfort.
Material: The problem arose. The material we used in the prototype is MDF, but it would be too heavy if we double the size which is unable to sit on the body. We decided to use perspex for the main structure. The balsa boards are used for the front part of the head segment because the perspex is transparent which cannot block the user’s sight, but he balsa can. Another reason to use balsa is that the front part is longer than the rest of the segment which means heavier. So the element will tilt itself without user pushing it.
Joints and axis in detail
Joints and axis: The joints and the main axis we used in the first prototype are sticks. We first wanted to 3D printing these two. However, because the joints are too small and the axis is too long, the 3D printing machine cannot satisfied our demands. So we finally use the bolts and nuts for the joints and the aluminum rode for the main axis. The nuts we bought had a special rubber inside which can lock onto the bolts. Besides, we laser cutting many cube with a hole in it used as a stopper as well. Lasercutting templates
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3.5 Final Digital model:
Top view of fianl digital model (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Front view of fianl digital model (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Right view of fianl digital model (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
Perspective of fianl digital model (Xuan Ly Ng, 2016)
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3.6 Fabrication sequence:
3.6 Fabrication sequence:
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3.7 Assembly Drawing: Assembly drawings (Xuanly Ly Ng, 2016)
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3.8 Completed 2nd Skin:
Photos of final model
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MODULE 4: REFLECTION
Photos of final model
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I learnt a lot from the design and fabrication process. Module one is individual work. We did measured drawings and Rhino models of selected objected and made a reconfigured model indicating the material system and rules. Then we did three design sketches inspired by the reconfigured models. In module two, we are divided into groups by the object we chose. We designed a sleeping pod by combining group members’ reconfigured models, then developed it and further developed it. In this module we thought several ideas, did Rhino models and made a prototype. When idea was on the right track, we came to the most difficult part, module three. In the module three, we developed our ideas then fabricated it. We spent lots of time measuring the data and modifying the laser cutting template. Darcy taught us how to use grasshopper to make holes in the sticks, which save us lots of time. In the designing process, we always focus on the mechanism movement of the model. The final outcome is made up of repetitive elements. This basic element is inspired by the element used in Xuanly’s reconfigured model and they twisted to form a volume. We did encounter many problems in fabricating the model. For example, we wanted to use 3D printing bolts and nuts as the pin joints, but the quality is not quite high because of the size. Then we tried the ordinary bolts and nuts, but it did not work very well because the nut would retreat when the sticks rotate. Fortunately, we found a kind of nuts with a special rubber inside which can stop retreating. The most difficult part is the main axis. At first, we used the wire as the main axis. However, it is easily be bent, so the whole structure will in a mess. Then we used both sticks and wire in the prototype, but the model looks like in pieces. Finally, we used aluminum rode which is straight and can be bent a little. The way doing the laser cutting template needs to be improve. We can let some of the sticks share the same side which can save time. We found that some parts which is put too close will tilt up because of the high temperature, so we need to be more careful when do the template next time.
Photo of final model
The idea, change of the shape and the rotation is quite good. The material we used in the main structure is perspex which is a little transparent. We can see the model’s structure and rotation clearly by using this material. Overall, I learnt how to use Rhino and how to design practically. Tim always push us forward and help us develop the ideas. All of the group members are pleased with what we have design.
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5.0 APPENDIX
5.1 Credit:
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5.2 Bibliography:
Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, 1988/1991, “How to lay out a croissant” El Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, En Construccion pp. 240‐241. Kolarevic, B. c 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London. Loh, P. 2016, Lecture 1: Measuring Space, Melbourne. Loh, P. 2016, Lecture 2: Material Systems, Melbourne. Neck brace, 2015, photograph, viewed 2 June 2016, <http://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/1/16131/27581814945588934-PHP-A.jpg>. Sommer, R. c 1969, Personal space : the behavioral basis of design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Trivis Sculpture, photograph, viewed 2 June 2016, <https://au.pinterest.com/pin/571323902701090277/>.
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