VOLUME-9 ISSUE 3 NOV-DEC 2013
`mh\m Xo{h-X-bpsS amkva-c-`m-h-§Ä þA\p]v sP. Imäv kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^n-bpsS Ncn{Xw Xncp¯n sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ \nt¡m¬ D610 ^pÄs{^bnw SLR ImSpw t^mt«m-{Km-^dpw sN¼³ apų tImgn þF³.-F.-\-koÀ
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2013
]cn-ØnXn kwc-£W ktµ-i-ambn {So s_Âäv F¶ C´y³ ]cy-S\w
8 14 kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^n-bpsS Ncn{Xw Xncp¯n sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ
A\q]v sP. Im«q-¡m-c³ `mh\m Xo{h-X-bpsS amkva-c-`m-h-§Ä
DÅ-S¡w 07 -þ Zriy-hn-kvabw 13 -þ {]kn-Uânsâ t]Pv 25 -þ bph-{]-Xn` 26 -þ Iymadm t^mWp-Ifpw t^m¬ Iyma-d-Ifpw 32 -þ t^mt«m-s^Ìv C´y 2013 33 -þ \nt¡m¬ D5300 35 -þ \nt¡m¬ D610 36 -þ IuXpI hmÀ¯-IÄ 38 -þ t^mt«m-{Km^n ]T\w 41 -þ t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c-§Ä 46 -þ A\p-_Ô D]-I-c-W-§Ä 49 -þ BÀ¡vtkm^väv ]t\m-ca ta¡À 51 -þ hoUntbm hntijw 52 -þ F.-sI.-]n.-F. hmÀ¯-IÄ
ImSpw t^mt«m-{Km-^dpw sN¼³ap-ų tImgn
18 Kite O'graphy
42 28
editorial
t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-chpw AhmÀUp hnX-c-Whpw ]p\xØm]n-¡Ww A N A K PA P U B L I C AT I O N
chief editor VIJAYAN MARANCHERY Ph: 09447167024 managing editor B. BABURAJ Ph: 09847110965 art editor AMBILY PRAVDA Ph: 0484 2395267 printer & publisher T.J.VARGHESE special advisory board ANIL KUMAR K. M. THAHA FIROZ BABU circulation incharge JOSE MUNDACKAL advisory board P.V.BALAN P. S. DEVADAS K. V. VINCENT MOHANDAS PAZHAMBALAKODE K.K.JAYAPRAKASH cover photo ANUP J. KAT
aäp kwØm-\-§Ä¡pw tI{µkÀ¡m-cn\pw Hcp amXr-I-bmbn kvXpXyÀlamb coXn-bn tIcf Kh¬saâ v AXnsâ ]»nIv dnte-j³kv hIp-¸p-hgn \S¯n h¶n-cp¶ t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-chpw AhmÀUp hnX-c-Whpw Cu hÀjw apS-§n-t¸m-b-Xn\v bmsXmcp \ymbo-I-c-W-hp-an-Ã. kÀ¡m-cnsâ Hcp ]cn]m-Snbpw GsX-¦nepw Hcp DtZym-K-Øsâ A`mhw aqetam Aew`mhw aqetam Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-Sm³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯-Xm-Wv. ]v s\{lp acn-¨-t¸mÄ ih-kw-kv¡mc Hcp-¡-§Ä¡mbn "KmÔn ^bÂ' FSp-¡m³ Npa-X-e-s¸« sk{I-«dn ]d-ªXp-t]m-se, ap³ \S-¯n-¸nsâ FÃm tcJ-Ifpw FÃm Hm^o-knepw e`y-am-bn-cn¡-Ww. e`y-am-Wv. Bh-iyw-th hnh-c-§Ä sh_vssk-än Xs¶-bp-Å-Xp-amWv. F¶n«pw Hcp-tZym-K-Øsâ A`mhw ]pI-a-d-bmbn C{X-tbsd P\-{]o-XnbmÀÖn¨ Hcp ]cn-]mSn Dt]-£n-¨Xv H«pw \ymbo-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. ASp-¯-sImÃw Ipsd-¡qSn hn]p-e-amb coXn-bn Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn AhmÀUp-XpI hÀ²n-¸n¨v t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-chpw AhmÀUp-hn-X-c-Whpw \S-¯-m³ tIcf kÀ¡m-cn-t\mSv A`yÀ°n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. C¡m-cy-¯n th ]n´p-Wbpw klm-bhpw \ÂIm-³ BÄ tIcfm t^mt«m-{Km-t^gvkv Atkmkn-tb-j³ X¿m-dm-Wv. Atkm-kn-tb-j³ CXn-\mbn kÀ¡m-cn\pw kmwkv¡mcnI hIp-¸p-a-{´n¡pw ]e-X-hW \nth-Z-\-§Ä t\cn«pw AÃm-sXbpw kaÀ¸ns¨-¦nepw Hcp ^e-hp-ap-m-bn-Ã, F¶p am{X-aà ]cn-]mSn Fs¶-t¶-bv¡pambn Dt]-£n-¡m³ BWv \o¡w \S-¡p-¶-sX¶p kwibw P\n-¸n-¡pw-hn-[amWv A\u-tZym-KnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä. t^mt«m-{Km-^n-sb¶ Iesb t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡m\pw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡m\pw tIc-f-¯nse t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-cmb IemIm-c-·mÀ¡v AÀl-amb AwKo-Im-chpw _lp-a-Xnbpw \evIm\pw \S-¸n-em-¡nb AhmÀUp-IÄ C´y-¡m-sI-¯s¶ Hcp amXr-Im-]-cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. IqSp-X IqSp-X kÀ¡m-cp-IÄ Cu amXrI ]n´p-SÀ¶v aÕ-c-§fpw AhmÀUp-Ifpw GÀs¸-Sp-¯m³ XpS-§n-b-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p. t^mt«m-{Km^n Hcp k¼qÀ® Ie-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«Xv 19-þmw \qäm-nsâ A´y-L-«-§-fn-em-Wv. C¶v temI-sa§pw t^mt«m-{Km-^n¡v Hcp k¼qÀ® Ie-sb¶ ]Zhn e`n-¨p-I-gn-ªp. tIc-f-¯nse efn-X-Iem A¡m-ZanbpsS A[n-Im-c-Øm-\-§-fnepw s^tem-jn-¸p-I-f-nepw t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-sc-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-hm\pw A¡m-Z-an-bpsS A`n-ap-Jy-¯n \S-¡p¶ Iem Iym¼p-Ifnepw aäp ]cn-io-e\]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw t^mt«m-{Km^n ]cn-io-e\w IqSn ]cn-KWn-¡p-hm\pw th \nÀt±-i-§Ä A¡m-Z-an¡v \ÂI-W-sa¶pw ]»nIv dntej³kv hIp-¸p-hgn \S-¯p¶ t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-chpw AhmÀUp-hn-X-c-Whpw ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡-W-sa¶pw tIc-f-kÀ¡m-cn-t\mSpw kmwkv¡m-cnI hIp¸p a{´ntbmSpw A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p.
layout DIASON D'SILVA printed at ST. FRANCIS PRESS Ernakulam PHOTOTRACKS Pravda Studio Morning Star Bldgs., Kacheripady Kochi-682 018, Kerala Email: phototracks@gmail.com FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY
hnP-b³ amd-t©cn No^v FUn-äÀ t^mt«m{SmIvkv
I®nse se³kn-t\mSp tNÀ¶v ØnXn sN¿p¶ Iris (Ir-jvW-]-S-ew)sâ LS\shfn-hm-¡p¶ AXn-kao-]-Zriyw FSp-¯Xv BÀta-\n-b-¡m-c-\mb DuÀP-X-{´m-[ym-]-I\pw t^mt«m-{Km-^-dp-amb kpsc³ amth-ey³ BWv. 36 hb-Ê-Im-c-\mb kpsc³ 16-þmw hb-Ên Iyma-d-IÄsImv ]co-£-W-§Ä \S¯m³ XpS-§n-b-XmWv Ct¸mÄ {]kn-²-amb sbsc-hm³ amkn-I-bpsS {][m\ t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-cn Hcm-fm-Wv.
t^mt«m ^o¨À Sn.- sP.- hÀ-Ko-kv-
]cn-kvYn-Xn- kw-c-£-W- k-tµ-i-am-bn{S-o- s_Â-äv- F-¶- C-´y³- ]-cy-S-\wF.-sI.-]n.-F.- Aw-K-§fmb c-v- bp-h- t^-m--t«m{Km-^À-amÀþþ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- k-Po-h- {]-h-À-¯-IÀtI-«mÂ- sR-«p-¶- H-cp- {]-Jym-]-\-hp-am-bn- ap-t¶m-«ph-¶-t¸mÄ- k-Xy-¯nÂ- F-Ãm-h-cpw- sR-«n.- h-en-b- Hcp-¡-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-sX- tam-t«mÀ- ssk-¡n-fnÂ- H-cpC-´y³- ]-cy-S-\w.- ap³- ]-cn-N-b-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ã.- AXym-[p-\n-I- bm-{Xm- kw-hn-[m-\-§sfm-¶p-an-Ã.- H-cpC-´y³- am-¸pw- a-\-Ên-sâ- ss[-cy-hpw- C-Ñm-i-Iv-Xn-bpÅ- {]-Xo-£-bp-am-bn- 2013 Pq-sse- 27\v- F-d-Wm-Ip-fwP-h-lÀ-emÂ- s\lv-dp- CâÀ-\m-j-WÂ- kv-tä-Un-b¯n-sâ- ap-¶nÂ-\n-¶v- ]p-d-s¸-«- C-hÀ2013 H-IvtSm-_À- 13\v- a-S-§n-sb-¯n.- 77 Zn-h-k-§Ä-sIm-v- cm-Py-s¯- F-Ãmkw- k v - Y m- \ - § - f n- e pw- ]- c n- k v Y n- X nktµ-i-sa-¯n-¨v- C-cp-]-¯n-aq-hm-bn-ct¯m-fw- In-tem-ao-äÀ- bm-{X- sN-bv-Xv- aS-§n-sb-¯n-b- bm-{Xn-I-sc- F-d-Wm-Ip-
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{Xn-IÀ- ]-d-ªp.- ]p-dw- tem-I-hp-am-bn_-Ô-s¸-Sm³- t-^m¬- ku-I-cy-§Ät]m-epw- e-`n-¡m-¯- C-hn-sS- kz-´w`m-cy-bp-sS- knw-ImÀ-Uv- \Â-In-b- cm-akzm-an- C-´y³- kw-kv-¡m-c-¯n-sâI\n-hmÀ-¶- kv-t\-l-{]-Xo-I-am-bn.\m-Km-emâ v-,- a-Wn-¸qÀ,- an-tkm-dmwt]m-ep-Å- kv-Y-e-§Ä- I--t¸mÄ- CXv- C-´y-X-s¶-bm-tWm- F-¶v- kw-ibn-¨p-t]m-sb-¶v- bm-{Xn-IÀ- ]-d-ªpwA-{X-tb-sd- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv- C-hn-Sw.`m-j,- th-jw,- `£-Ww- Xp-S-§-n- H-¶pw\-ap-¡v- ]-cn-N-b-an-Ãm-¯-h.- F-¦n-epwA-hÀ- sh-¨p-\o-«n-b- Nq-Sp-Å- `-£-Whpw- B-Xn-Yy-hpw- H-scm-ä- C-´y- H-scmä- P-\-X- F-¶- k-tµ-iw- HmÀ-½-s¸-Sp¯p-¶-Xm-bn.sIm-Spw- Im-«n-eq-sS- a-Wn-¸qcp-\n-¶van-tkm-dm-an-te-¡v- t]m-b- bm-{X-bm-Wvbm-{X-bn-se- G-sd- I-Tn-\-am-b- `m-Kw.fw- Fw.FÂ.-F.- {io.- ssl-_n- CuU³- ]p-jv-]-lm-c-§Ä- NmÀ-¯n- kzoI-cn-¨p.hn-hn-[- `m-j-IÄ-,- tZ-i-§Ä,- kwkv-¡m-c-§Ä,- `q-{]-Ir-Xn-IÄ,- Im-em-hkv-Ym- hy-Xn-bm-\-§Ä- H-¶pw- bm-{Xn-Icp-sS- \n-iv-N-b-ZmÀ-Vy-¯n-\p- ap-¶nÂX-S-Ê-am-bn-Ã.- a-c-§Ä-sIm-v- `q-an- tZhn-¡v- I-h-N-sam-cp-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p- bm-{Xn-IÀ- D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨- k-tµiw.- {]-Ir-Xn- kw-lm-c-Xm-Þ-h-am-Sn-bD-¯-cm-J-ÞnÂ- F-¯n-t¨À-¶- C-hÀA-hn-sS-bpw- {So-s_Â-äv- F-¶- k-tµ-iap-bÀ-¯n- H-cp- a-cw- \-«p.F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- kz-tZ-in-I-fm-b- {io.j-aoÀ- ]n.- ]-Sn-bpw- apl-½Zv sj-^o-¡vA-en-bpw- Nn-´-I-fn-se- s]m-cp-¯wsIm-v- N-§m-Xn-am-cm-b-Xm-Wv.- A-{Xsbm-¶pw- F-fp-¸-a-Ãm-¯- Cu- bm-{Xm]-cn-]m-Sn- A-§-s\- D-bÀ-¶p-h-¶- Bi-b-am-Wv.- C-h-cp-sS- kp-lr-¯v- A-Uz.tdm¬- sk-_m-kv-äy-\m-Wv- ]-cn-]m-Snbp-sS- tIm-þHmÀ-Un-t\-äÀ.bm-{Xm-\p-`-h-§Ä- ]-¦p-h-bv-¡-s¸tS--Xm-sW-¶pw- A-{X-tb-sd- A-\p-`h-§Ä- bm-{X-bnÂ- D-m-bn-«p-s¶pw- bm-{Xn-IÀ- sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯n.- aw-Kem-]p-c-¯v- h-¨p-m-b- 2þmw- Zn-\¯nse- A-]-I-Sw- Xp-S-§n- I¬-ap-¶n-seZm-cp-W-am-b- a-c-Ww-h-sc- \n-c-h-[n- \n-ch-[n- Zr-iy-§Ä- a-\-Ên-\p-ÅnÂ- Ip-anªp-Iq-Sn- In-S-¡p-¶p.- A-sX-m-¶p-w- Hcp- te-J-\-¯n-sem-Xp-¡m³- I-gn-bp-sa¶v- tXm-¶p-¶n-Ãm-sb-¶v- bm-{Xn-IÀ- ]d-ªp.a-l-¯m-b- H-cp- k-tµ-iw- t]-dn- \-S¯n-b- bm-{X-bnÂ- C-hÀ-¡v- N-§m-Xnbm-b-Xv- sI.-FÂ.-7 kn- 979 \-¼À- _pÅ-äv- tam-t«mÀ- ss_-¡v.- 60,-000 cq-]-bp-
sS- s]t{Sm-fpw- 10,-000 cq-]-bp-sS- kv-s]bÀ-]mÀ-Sv-kpw- 1500 cq-]-bp-sS- a-cp-¶p-Ifpw.- A-Xm-Wv- bm-{X-bn-se- {]-[m-\- sNe-hv.- bm-{X-bnÂ- I-p-ap-«n-b-hÀ- \ÂIn-b- kzo-I-c-W-§-fpw- `-£-W-hpw- Xma-k-hp-sam-s¡- km-tlm-Z-cy-¯n-sâbpw- kv-t\-l-¯n-sâ-bp-sam-s¡- Xn-f¡-ap-Å- A-S-bm-f-§-fm-bn.- C-´y³kzm-X-{´y- Zn-\m-tLm-j-§Ä- \-S-¡p¶- k-a-bw- ImÀ-Kn-en-se- I-\-¯- aªnÂ- C-´y³- ]-«m-f-¯n-sâ- i-Iv-Xam-b- kp-c-£m- I-h-N-¯n-\p-ÅnÂ- apÉow- k-tlm-Z-c-§-fm-b- C-hÀ-¡v- BXn-Yy-a-cp-fn-b- \-½p-sS- P-hm-·mÀ- kvt\-l-¯n-tâ-bpw- km-tlm-Z-cy-¯n-tâbpw- ssZ-hm-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-s¶-¶v- bm-
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tdm-U-pw- Im-Spw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm-\m-hm-¯C-Xp-h-gn- Xm-n-b- 366 In-tem-ao-äÀ- Pohn-X-¯nÂ- H-cn-¡Â-t]m-epw- a-d-¡m\m-hn-Ãm-sb-¶v- C-hÀ- ]-d-ªp.- Im-«par-K-§-tf-¡mÄ- a-\p-jy-ar-K-§Ä- Xo{h-hm-Z- th-j-¯nÂ- A-]-I-S-am-bn- ]Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶- C-hn-Sw- X-c-Ww-sN-bv-XvF-¯n-b- bm-{Xn-I-sc- sk-Iyq-cn-än- t]mkv-än-ep-m-bn-cp-¶- ]-«m-f-¡mÀ- h-scI-p- sR-«n.- \n-§-sf-§-s\- CXp-h-gnI-S-¶p-h-¶p-sh-¶v- B-iv-N-cy-t¯m-sS]-«m-f-¡mÀ- tNm-Zn-s¨-¶v- bm-{Xn-IÀsh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯n.- sN-fn- \n-d-ªp- Xn-§nb- h-n-bp-sS- a-Uv-Km-Up-IÄ- A-gn-¨pam-än-bm-Wv- C-hÀ-¡v- C-Xp-h-gn- bm-{X]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡m³- I-gn-ª-Xv.- bm-{X-bnse- G-ä-hpw- tam-iw- L-«w- C-Xp-X-s¶sb-¶v- bm-{Xn-IÀ- H-tc- kz-c-¯nÂ- ]-dbp-¶p.bp-h- X-e-ap-d- C-´y-sb- A-dn-bm³C-¯-cw- bm-{X-I-fn-eq-sS- X-¿m-dm-I-Wsa-¶v- bm-{Xn-IÀ- H-ä- kz-c-¯nÂ- ]-d-bp¶p.- \-½p-sS- Po-hn-X- Np-äp-]m-Sp-IÄ¡p-a-¸p-dw- a-säm-cp- tem-I-ap-s-¶pwA-Xn-eq-sS- ]-e-Xpw- bp-h-X-e-ap-d- ]-Tnt¡--Xm-sW-¶pw- C-hÀ- ]-d-bp-¶p.-
tem-I-mÂ-`p-X-§-fnÂ- H-¶m-b- XmPv- a-l-en-\p- Np-äp-ap-Å- am-en-\y- Iq-¼mc-hpw- Kw-Km-\-Zn-bnÂ- H-gp-In- \o-§p-¶i-h-i-co-c-§-fpw- cm-Pyw- t\cn-Sp-¶- Xo{h-hm-Z- `o-I-c-X-sb-¡mÄ- `o-I-c-am-sW¶v- j-ao-dpw- j-^o-¡pw- ]-d-bp-¶p.- \½Ä- Im-Wp-I-bpw- tIÄ-¡p-I-bpw- Nn´n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶- Im-cy-§Ä-¡pa-¸p-d-am-Wv- C-´y.- Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n-sâ-bpwhn-i-¸n-sâ-bpw- B-{i-bn-¡m³- B-cp-anÃm-¯-h-sâ-bpw- C-´y.Im-iv-ao-cn-sâ-bpw- ss\-\n-äm-fn-sâbpw- Ip-fnÀ- Zr-iy-§Ä-¡p-a-¸p-dw- tN-cnI-fp-tS-bpw- ]m-hs¸-«-h-sâ-bpw- \n-Ê-
`m-c-X-¯n-se- ssP-h- ssh-hn-[y-§sf-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-Tn-¡m-³- \-S-¯n-b- F-fnb- Cu- {i-a-¯nÂ-\n-¶v- a-\-Ên-em¡m³- I-gn-ª- Im-cy-§Ä- a-\-Ên-s\th-Z-\n-¸n-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv- Iq-Sp-X-se-¶vj-ao-apw- j-^o-¡pw- ]-d-bp-¶p.- C-\nbpw- hn-I-k-\-sa-¯n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯- C-´ybm-Wv- I--XnÂ- Iq-Sp-X-epw.- H-ä- ap-dn¡q-c-bnÂ- A-´n-bp-d-§p-¶-hÀ,- h-kv{X-hpw- sNcn-¸p-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ-, H-cp- t\-cs¯- `-£-W-¯n-\m-bn- _m-e-th-esN-¿p-¶- Ip-ªp-§Ä,- {]-Ir-Xn- Z-pc´-¯n-\n-c-bm-b-hÀ,- C-´y-bn-se- {Km-a§Ä- C-¯-cw- Im-gv-N-IÄ- am-{X-am-Wvbm-{Xn-IÀ-¡v- k-½m-\n-¨-Xv.10
lm-b-X- s\m-¼-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- Zr-iy§-fm-bn- a-\-Ên-\p-Ån-se- Iym-a-d- I®p-I-fnÂ- k-¶n-th-in-¡-s¸-«- H-cp- alm-bm-{X-bm-Wv- Cu- bm-{Xn-IÀ- ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-b-Xv.j-ao-dn-sâ- {-]h-À-¯-\-ta-J-e- CsXm-¶pw-s-Im-v- A-h-km-\n-¡p-¶-XÃ.- ]m-h-s¸-«- tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v- c-Iv-Xw\Â-In-bpw- \n-Ê-lm-b-cm-b- tcm-Kn-IÄ¡v- Nn-InÂ-km- ]-W-sam-cp-¡n-bpw- F.sI.-]n.-F.- {]-hÀ-¯-\-t¯m-sSm-¸w- klm-b- {]-hÀ-¯-\- ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- jaoÀ- Hm-Sn-\-S-¡p-¶p.- {So- s_Â-äv- C-´ybm-{X-bp-am-bn- _-Ô-s¸-«v- k-lm-bn-¨-
G-hÀ-¡pw- C-u- bm-{Xn-IÀ- a-\-Êp-\n-dª- \-µn- A-dn-bn-¡p-¶p.- ]-Ww- X-¶vk-lm-bn-¨hÀ,- ]mÀ-¸n-Sw- X-¶-hÀ,- `£-Ww- X-¶-hÀ,- h-gn- ]-d-ªp-X-¶hÀ- A-§-s\- Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ- \m-\m-Xpd-I-fnÂ-\n-¶v- Cu- kv-t\-l- ku-lr-Zk-tµ-i- bm-{X-sb- a-\-Êp-sIm-v- A\p-K-an-¨- G-hÀ-¡pw- \-µn.- bm-{Xm- sNe-hp-IÄ-¡m-bn- F.-sI.-]n.-F.- DÄ-s¸sS- km-¼-¯n-I- k-lm-bw- \Â-In-bG-h-cp-sS- ap-¶nÂ- bm-{X- ]qÀ-¯n-bm¡n-b- j-ao-dpw- j-^o-¡pw- bm{X-bn _m-¡n- h-¶- Xp-I- 2 Im³-kÀ- tcm-KnIÄ-¡v- Nn-In-Õm- k-lm-bw- \Â-In- amXr-I- Im-«n.- C-h-sc- kzo-I-cn-¡m-s\¯n-b- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Fw.FÂ.-F.-
{io.- ssl-_n- Cu-U³-,- A-Uz.- NmÀ-fnt]mÄ,- F.-sI.-]n.-F.- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- PnÃm- {]-kn-Uâ v- {io.- A-\nÂ- F-IvkÂ,- t^m-t«m- tPÀ-W-en-kv-äv- t^m-dwP-\-dÂ- I¬-ho-\À- {io.- Pn-]v-k¬kn-t¡-c,- F-.-sI.-]n.-F.- ko-\n-bÀ- AwKw- {io.- Fw.-BÀ.-F³.- ]-Wn-¡À,- taJ-em- {]-kn-Uâ v- {io.- F-kv.- cm-P³,t^m-t«m{Sm-I-k v- v- F-Un-äÀ- {io.- A-¼nfn- {]-hv-Z- Xp-S-§n- \n-c-h-[n- t]À- C-hsc A`n-\-µn¨p kwkm-cn-¨p.- Cu[-\y- ap-lqÀ-¯-¯n-\v- km-£n-I-fm-Im³ sIm-¨n- P-h-lÀ-emÂ- s\-lv-dpCâÀ- \- m- j- WÂ- kv- tä- Un- b- ¯n- \pap-¶n-se- a-c-¨p-h-«nÂ- FÃm-hcpw H¯p-tNÀ-¶p.-
11
{]-kn-Uân-sâ- t]-Pv-
e£y-an-« ap-gp-h³]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡nkt½-f-\-¯n-te¡v kw-LS\ ho-pw- Hcp- {]hÀ-¯\hÀ-jw- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n- iIv-Xam-bn- ap-t¶m«p- \o- §p- ¶p.- bq- Wn- äv- þ taJem- kt½f\§Ä- ¡p- tijw- Pn- Ãmkt½f\§Ä- 14 Pn-ÃIfn-epw- BtLm-j]qÀ-Æw- \S¶p-Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.]p-Xp-{]hÀ-¯\hÀ-jt¯¡v- kw-LS\m-kw-hn-[m-\w- IS¶p-t]m-Ip-¶ kwØm-\kt½f\w- 2013 Un-kw-_À- 16,- 17,- 18 Xo-bXn-IfnÂ- ]m-e¡m-Sv- Su¬lm-fnÂ- \S¡p-¶p.{]hÀ-¯\hÀ-jw- e£y-an-« ap-gp-h³- ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-bm-Wv- kw-Øm-\kt½f\¯nte¡v- kw-LS\F¯n-t¨À-¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- {]hÀ\¯\§Ä- FÃmw-Xs¶ Aw-K§Ä-¡v- Gsd KpWIcam-sb¶v- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\§Ä- kw-Øm-\¯m-sI sXfn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- tIcf¯nÂ- \½p-sS Aw-K§Ä-¡n-SbnÂ- Dm-bn-cp-¶ Nn-e Bib¡p-g¸§Ä- CÃm-Xm-¡m³- kw-LS\m- t\Xr-Xz-¯n\v- Ign-ªn-«p-v.- F¶mÂ,- kw-Øm-\kÀ-¡m-cn-s\Nn-e ISem-kv- kw-LS\IÄ- sXän-²cn-¸n-¨n-cn¡p-¶p- F¶v- kw-LS\bv-¡v- a\Ên-em-¡m³- Ign-ªn-«p-v.- 2003 ap-XÂ- kw-Øm-\kÀ-¡mÀ- t^mt«m-{Km-^n- taJebv-¡v- \Â-In-bn-cp-¶ kw-Øm-\AhmÀ-Up-IÄ- t^m-t«m-{Km-^n- Zn\m-tLm-jw- XpS§n-bh F´p-Im-cW¯m-em-Wv- Cu- hÀ-jw- \S¡m-sXt]m-bXv- F¶v- kÀ-¡mÀ- shfn-s¸Spt¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- Ign-ª 29 hÀ-jam-bn- tIcf¯nÂ- am-Xr-Im-]cam-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-n-cn¡p-¶ F. sI.]n.-F.- {]Øm-\¯n-\v- Cu- Im-cy-¯nÂ- Hcp- hn-iZo-IcWw- \Â-Im³- kÀ-¡mÀ- am-\yam-bn- X¿m-dm-IWw.- _lp-am-\y-cm-b bp.-Un.-F^v.- I¬-ho-\À- ]n.- ]n.- X¦¨³,- sI.- ]n.- [\]m-e³ Fw.-]n.,- sXm-gnÂ- a{´n- jn-_p- t__n-tPm¬, Btâm- BâWn- Fw.-]n.,- a{´n- ASq-À- {]Im-iv,- a{´nhn.- Fkv.- in-hIp-amÀ,- Fw.-FÂ.-F.-am-cm-b ssl_n- Cu-U³,- A³-hÀ- km-Z¯v,- jm-^n- ]d¼nÂ,- ]n.Dss_Zp-Å,- sF.-kn.- _m-eIr-jv-W³- Xp-S§n- \n-ch[n- t]cp-sS ap-¶nÂ- Cu- Bhiyw- AhXcn-¸n¡p-Ibpw- kw-Øm-\kÀ-¡m-cn-s\CXv- t_m-²y-s¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-«p-ÅXm-Wv.- ]cn-lm-cap-mIp-sa¶ {]Xym-i kw-LS\bv-¡p-v.- Im-cWw- tIcf¯nÂ- iIv-Xam-b ASn-¯dbp-Å Ip-äaä {]hÀ-¯\]m-c¼cy-ap-Å ho-Un-tbm-þt^m-t«m-{Km-^n- sXm-gnÂ- taJebp-sS A`n-hr-²n- e£y-am-¡n{]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Hscm-ä kw-LS\tb DÅq.- AXn-sâ iIv-Xn- kÀ-¡mÀ- Xn-cn-¨dn-bp-sa¶p-Xs¶bmWv- F.-sI.-]n.F.- {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶Xv.kw-LS\m- {]hÀ-¯\Im-cy-§fn-epw- `cWIm-cy-§fn-epw- F.-sI.-]n.-F.- {]Øm-\s¯ iIv-Xn-s¸Sp¯p-¶ FÃm- Aw-K§Ä-¡pw- 29þmw- kw-Øm-\kt½f\¯n-sâbpw- {In-kv-Xp-akv-þ]p-Xp-hÂ-kcmtLm-j§fp-sSbpw- Hcm-bn-cw- Biw-kIÄ.-
Sn.- sP.- hÀ-Ko-kv{]-kn-Uâ vBÄ tI-c-f- t^m-t«m-{Km-t^-gv-kvA-tÊm-kn-tb-j³-
13
Iymad ]cn-Nbw
taml³Zmkv ]g-¼m-e-t¡mSv
kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^nbpsS Ncn{Xw Xncp¯n
sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ
AsXmcp sImSp-¦m-änsâ XpS-¡am-bn-cp-¶p. kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^n-bpsS At¶m-f-apÅ k¦Â¸-§sf AXv IS-]p-g-¡n-sb-dn-ªp. 4K (3840 x 2160 ]nIvkÂ) dk-eq-j-\n 30 s{^bnw thK-X-bn UnPn-ä dm (Raw) ^b-ep-IÄ \ÂIm³ Ign-hpÅ Red One Iyma-d-bmWv UnPn-ä kn\na-bpsS P\-\-¯n\v A£-cmÀ°¯n XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xv.
h\y-ambpw {`m´-ambpw Nn´n¡m³ X¿mdmb Hcp imkv{X-Ú\pw At±-ls¯ klm-bn-¡m³ AÀ¸-Wt_m-[-apÅ Hcp ]äw I¼yq-«À hnZKv ² - c mb bphm- ¡ fpw Ch- c p- s SsbÃmw kz]v \ - § Ä¡v NndIv \ÂIm³ [\-k-lmbw sN¿m³ Hcp tImSo-iz-c\pw Dm-b-XmWv sdUv Iyma-d-I-fpSw ]nd-hn¡p ]n¶nse cl-kyw. Gähpw anI¨ UnPn-ä kn\nam Iyma-d-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS e£yw. FÃm AÀ°-¯nepw ^nenans\IS-¯n-sh-«p-¶Xpw `mhn-bn-epm-Ip¶ ]pXp-a-IÄ DÄsIm-f-fm-\mhp-¶Xpw Iq«n-t¨À¡m³ ]äp-¶-Xpamb Hcp Iymad \nÀ½n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS ap¶nse shÃphn-fn. shÃp-hnfn Gsä-Sp¯v aq¶p\mep hÀj-¯n-\Iw e£y-¯nsâ BZy-]-Sn-Ifn AhÀ Nph-Sp-d-¸n-¨p. 14
2006-þse \mj-W Atkm-kn-tbj³ Hm^v t{_mUv ImtÌ-gvknsâ tbmK-¯n-emWv Ah-cpsS BZy-tamU-emb Red One Iymad HutZym-Kn-Iambn {]Xy-£-s¸-«-Xv. k¬¥m-kv, kvt]mÀSvkv hkv{X-§Ä F¶n-hbpsS \nÀ½m-W-¯n-eqsS {]kn-²amb "HmIvse' {_mânsâ DS-a-Ø\mb PnwP-¶mÀUnsâ km¼-¯nI klm-b-¯n Hcp shbÀlukv tKmUu-Wn {]hÀ¯-\-am-cw-`n¨ UnPn-ä kn\nam Iymad \nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯\w 2005-þÂXs¶ e£yw In-cp-¶p. ^oÂUv sSÌpIÄs¡mSp-hnemWv 2006-þ Iymad HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]pd-¯n-d-§n-b-Xv. Htc- k- abw Ahn- iz- k- \o- b- X- tbmtSbpw ]pÑ-t¯m-tS-bp-amWv kn\n-amtemIw Red One Iyma-dsb hc-th-äXv. {]KÂ`-cmb Ombm-{Km-l-Icpw
kwhn-[m-b-Icpw Iymad D]-tbm-Kn¨v km£y-]{Xw \ÂIn-b-tXmsS sdUv I¼-\n-bp-tSbpw Red One Iyma-d-bptSbpw ssP{X-bm{X Bcw-`n-¨p. F´mWv Red One Iyma-d-bpsS ]pXpa? 4K (10000) dk-eq-j-\n dm aqho ^b-ep-IÄ {InÌ ¢nbÀ ¢mcnän-tbmsS e`y-am-¡p¶p F¶-XmWv BZys¯ ]pXp-a. BXy-´n-I-ambn CsXmcp Iyma- d bpw I¼yq- « dpw tNÀ¶ k¦c kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv. CXv Red Onesâ am{XaÃ, RedÂ\n¶pw ]n¶o-Sp-h¶ Iyma-d-IÄ¡pw tNcp¶ hnti-j-W-am-Wv. CâÀ tN©-_nÄ se³kv aumWv Cu Iyma-d-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X. ta¯cw Aep-an-\obw Atembv sImmWv Ch- b psS \nÀ½m-Ww. ]c-am-h[n t]mÀ«-_n-enän Bbm- k - c - l n- X - a mbn e`y- a m- ¡ pI F¶-XmWv CXnsâ e£yw. {]Xy£-¯n Hcp Iyma-d-bpsS bmsXmcp a«pw `mhhpw Red Iyma-d-IÄ¡n-Ã. NXp- c m- I r- X n- b n- e pÅ Hcp s]«nt]mse tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶ Ch kn\nam temIs¯ ]mc- ¼ - c y- h m- Z n- I sf sXsÃm-¶p-aà Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv. ImgvN- bnepw {]Ir- X- ¯nepw s]Àt^m-a³knepw sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ kn\n-t«m-{Km-^Àam-tc-¡mÄ I¼yq-«À hnZ-Kv²-tc-bmWv BIÀjn-¨-Xv. ]pXpX-e-ap-d-bnse kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ I¼yq-«À B`n-apJyw IqSp-X-ep-Å-hcm-b-Xn-\m Ah-cpsS Nmbvhv sdUv Iyma-d-I-tfm-Sm-bXv \sÃm-c-f-hp-hsc sdUn\p KpWw sNbvXp. ]pdw-Xn-cnªp- \n- ¶- hsc Akm- [m- c- W- amb ]nIvNÀ Izmfn-än-sImv sdUv Iyma-dIÄ X§-fpsS Bcm-[-I-cm-¡n. CXp-am-{X-a-Ã, sdUvIym-a-d-I-fpsS anI-hv. hyXykvX dk-eq-j-\p-I-fn jq«v sN¿m-hp-¶-Xn-\p-]p-dsa hyXykvX thK-X-I-fnepw UnPn-ä SLR Iyma-d-I-fnse \nÝe dm Nn{X§Ä¡v kam-\-amb Izmfn-än-bpÅ hoUntbm Red Iyma-d-IÄ \ÂIpw. \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp¶ ^nenw IymadI-fnse se³kp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡mhp¶ hn[-¯n-emWv Cu Iyma-d-IfpsS Unssk-\n-Mv. sdUnsâ GXp Iyma- d - b nepw D]- t bm- K n- ¡ m- h p¶ hn[- ¯ n- e p- Å - h - b mWv Ch- b v ¡ pthn Unssk³ sN¿-s¸« A\p_Ô LS-I-§-sf-Ãmw. AXm-bXv Hcp LS-Ihpw ]pXnb tamU hcpt¼mÄ D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-ambnt¸mhn-Ã. `mcn¨ Nne-hp-IÄ CXp-aqew Hgn-hm¡m³ Ign-bp-sa-¶-Xn-\m kn\nam \nÀ½m- W - ¯ nsâ Nnehp Ipdbv¡m\pw sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ¡m-bn.
ap³ tamU-ep-Isf a\-Ên ImWv ]pXnb tamU-ep-IÄ¡mbn sdUnsâ Unssk-\ÀamÀ Icp-\o-¡p-I. Hmtcm Iyma-d-tbm-sSm-¸hpw kuP-\y-ambn e`n- ¡ p¶ tkm^v ä v s hb- d p- I fpw Redsâ {]tXy- I- X- bm- Wv. Umäm sd¡mÀUnMv kwhn-[m\w apX sslIzm-fnän se³kp-Ifpw kqw se³kp-Ifpw sdUn-tâ-Xmbn Unssk-\ÀamÀ cq]-I¸\sNbvXv \nÀ½n-¨n-«p-v. Ch-tbm-sSm¸w hne-¡p-dhv F¶ LS-Ihpw sdUv Iyma-d-Isf t]m¸p-edm-¡m³ klm-bn-¨n-«p-v. GXmv Ccp]-¯-¿m-bncw tUmf-dn\v Red One Iyma-dbpw A\p-_Ô D]-I-c-W§fpw IqSn e`y- am- hp- t¼mÄ aäp\nÀ½m-Xm-¡-fpsS Iyma-dbv¡pw A\p-_Ô D]-I-c-W-§Ä¡p-ambn CXnsâ \men-c-«n-bn-tesd apS-t¡ ØnXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]pXnb tamU-epI- f psS Imcy- ¯ nepw hne- b psS henb A´cw sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ \ne\nÀ¯n-t¸m-cp-¶p-v. Hmtcm Iymad tamU-en\pw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ]änb A]v{K-tU-j³ tkm^vävshb-dp-IÄ bYm- k - a bw ]pd- ¯ n- d - ¡ p¶p- s h¶Xpw sdUnsâ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Iyma-d-I-tfm-sSm¸w hyq ss^³ UÀ XpS§n Zriy-§Ä ImWm-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä CsÃ-¶-XmWv sdUv Iyma-d-I-fpsS t]mcm-bva-bmbn NneÀ Nqn-¡m-«p-¶-Xv. CXv icn-bm-Wp-Xm\pw. CXns\ sdUv {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p¶Xv kmt¦-Xn-I-amb anI¨ dnkÄ«v \ÂIn-s¡mpw. hn]Wn-bn t]m¸p-e-dmb PL auv (t]m-kn-äohv tem¡v) se³kp-Ifpw sebvI, \nt¡m¬, Im\¬ XpS-§nb I¼\n-I-fpsS kn\n se³kpIfpw Ìn Iymad s e ³ k p - I f p w AUm]väÀ hgn D]-tbmKn- ¡m- sa- ¶Xpw sdUv Iyma-d-I-fpsS {]tXy-IX-Ifm-Wv. ^nenw Iyma-d-IÄ¡v Nn´n-¡m³t]mepw Ignbm¯ DbÀ¶ ssU\manIv td©mWv sdUvIyma-d-I-fpsS asämcp ]pXp-a. AXpt]mse {]tXyI tkm^vävshbÀ D]-tbmKn¨v hoUntbm Zriy-§fnÂ\n¶v \nÝe Nn{X§Ä ASÀ¯n- s b- S p15
¡m\pw Ign-bpw. amK-kn³ Ih-dpIÄ¡p-th Izmfnän Ch-bv¡p-s¶-dn-bp-t¼m-gmWv sdUv Iyma-d-IfpsS anIhv \ap¡v t_m[y-am-hp-I. AXm-b-Xv, sdUv Iyma-d-IÄ Htc kabw Ne-¨n-{X-¯n-tâbpw \nÝ-eNn-{X-§-fp-tSbpw Bhiyw \nd-thäpw. thmKv, FkvIz-bÀ, ]mcokv am¨v, lmÀt]gvkv _kmÀ XpS-§nb temI{]- k n- ² - a mb amkn- I - f psS an¡ IhÀNn-{X-§fpw skâÀ kvs{]UpIfpw sdUv Iyma-d-I-fpsS dnkÄ«mWv. UnPn-ä SLR Iyam-d-I-fnse dm^b-ep-Isf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmWv sdUvh¬ Iyma-d-IÄ Unssk³ sN¿-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv. sdUnsâ DbÀ¶ Izmfn-än-bpsS ASn-Øm\w CXm-Wv. sdUvh¬, sdUv kvImÀe-äv, sdUv F]nIv anÌo-cn-bw, sdUv F]nIv {UmK¬ F¶n-§s\\mep Iyma-d-IfmWv sdUv Iymad I¼\n hI-bmbn Ct¸mÄ hn]-Wn-bn-ep-Å-Xv. ASp¯ tamU Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw ]pd-¯n-d-§n-tb-¡mw. anI¨ Iyma-d-I-tfm-sSm¸w H¶m´cw kn\nam se³kp-Ifpw sdUv ]pd-¯n-d-¡p-¶p-v. Ch-bn ss{]w se³kp-Ifpw kqw se³kp-Ifpw DÄs¸-Spw. GsXmcp I¼-\n-tbmSpw Izmfn- ä n- b psS Imcy- ¯ n sdUv se³kp-IÄ InS-]n-Sn-¡pw. kam-\se³kp-I-tf-¡mÄ Ipdª hnebmWv sdUv se³kp-IÄ¡v F¶v {]tXyIw ]d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm. 18 mm, 25 mm, 35 mm 50 mm, 85 mm, 100
mm, 300 mm F¶o t^m¡Â seMvXn-emWv sdUv ss{]w se³kpIÄ DÅ-Xv. 17-50 mm, 18-85 mm F¶n- h- bmWv sdUn- sâ kqw se³kp-IÄ. se³kp- I Ä¡p- ] p- d sa anI¨ LCD tamWn- «- dnMv kv{Io\p- Ifpw sd¡mÀUn-§n-\mbn ^vfmjv ss{Uhp-Ifpw sa¡m-\n-¡Â ss{Uhp-Ifpw _mädn ]m¡p-Ifpw Iymad dnwKp-Ifpw sdUv ]pd-¯n-d-¡p¶p-v. H¸w \nc-h[n tkm^vävshbdp-Ifpw sdUn-tâ-Xmbn ]pd-¯n-d-¡nbn-«p-v. Ch-sbÃmw ]c-kv]cw amdnamdn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-sa-¶-XmWv sdUv \ÂIp¶ {][m\sa¨w. C\n sdUv Iymadm tamU-ep-I-sf¡p-dn¨v
1. sdUv h¬ kn\n-a-t«m-{Km-^n-bpsS Ncn{Xw amän-sb-gp-Xnb sdUv h¬ Iyma-dbmWv sdUnsâ BZy Iyma-d. 2006-þ ]pd-¯n-d-§n-sb-¦nepw 2007 apXemWv sdUv h¬ hym]-I-ambn {]Nmc- ¯n- em- b- Xv. sslsU- ^- \n- jsâ (HD) A©v aS-§v hyà-Xbpw hniZmw- i- §fpw \ÂIm³ Ign- hp- ÅXmWv Cu Iyma-d. 14 saKm-]n-Ivk dk-eq-j\pw 24.2 an.ao \ofhpw 12.5 an.ao. hoXn-bp-ap-Å-XmWv Cu Iyma-dbnse sk³kÀ. 13 tÌm]v ssU\manIv td©v \ÂIm³ Ign-hp-Å-XmWv Cu sk³kÀ. 66db kná Sp t\mbvkv tdtjym-bmWv Cu Iyma-dbpsS thsdmcp sa¨w. kn\n-a-bn hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ kq¸À 35 (S35) ^nen-ansâ Gcnb-tbmSv kmay- ap- Å- Xn- \m sdUvhWnsâ ho£-W-tImWpw U]vXpw kq¸À 35\v kam- \- am- Wv. AXp- sIm- pXs¶ S35 ^nenw se³kp-IÄ sdUv h®nepw D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. 4Kbv¡p
]pdsa 3K, 2K dk- e q- j - \ nepw hoUntbm Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡m³ sdUv h®n-\m-hpw. 2K dk-eq-j-\n kq¸À 16 ^nen-ansâ Gcn-bbv¡p kam-\amb hn³tUm sskkn jq«v sN¿m-sa-¶-Xn-\m kq¸À 16 ^nenw se³kp-Ifpw Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-]-tbmKn- ¡ mw. 4Kbn jq«v sNbv X v Xmgs¯ dk-eq-j-\n-te¡v Uu¬ kvsIbn-enMv \S-¯p-t¼mÄ IqSp-X dnss^â v Bb dnkÄ«v e`y-am-¡p¶p-sh-¶Xpw sdUv h®nsâ t]m¸pem-cnän Iq«n.
2. sdUv kvImÀeäv 5K dk-eq-j-\n \nÝe dm Nn{X§fpw 4K dk- e q- j - \ n aqhn sd¡mÀUn§pw km[y-am-¡p-¶Xpw sdUv h®n-t\¡mÄ sNdpXpw hne Ipd-ªp-X-amb Iyma-d-bmWv kvImÀe-äv. 12fps thK-X-bn-emWv 5K Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww. 30 fps thK-X-bn-emWv 4K aqhn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-I. kn\nabv¡pw t^mt«m-{Km-^n¡pw Hcpt]mse D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp¶ Iyma-dbmWv kv I mÀe- ä v . HXp- ¡ - a mWv kvImÀe-änsâ apJ-ap-{Z. 18 tÌm]v ssU\m-anIv td©mWv Cu Iymad \ÂIp-I. anÌo-cnbw X, {UmK¬ F¶n-§s\cv tamU-ep-IÄ kvImÀeäv t{iWn-bn e`y-am-Wv. anÌo-cnbw X tamU-ensâ ]cn-jv¡cn¨ ]Xn-¸mWv kvImÀeäv {UmK¬ tamUÂ. CXn\v 60fps thK-X-bn 5Kbpw 75fps thK-X-bn 4Kbpw 100 fps 3Kbpw 150 fps- 2Kbpw Nn{XoI-cWw km[y-am-hpw. tÉmtam-j³ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡m³ (2K dk-eq-j-\nÂ) Cu Iyma-d-bv¡p-ff Ignhv H¶p thsd-X-s¶.
3. sdUv F]nIv anÌo-cnbw X 120 fps thK-X-bn 5K dk-eq-j-\n hoUntbm jq«n-§v km[y-am-¡p¶ 17
tamU- e mWv sdUv F]nIv anÌo-cnbw X. 3D, I Max F¶nhbv¡p ]änb ^pt«Pp-IÄ \ÂIm³ Cu Iyma-d-bv¡m-hpw. PL aun-\p-]p-dsa \nt¡m¬, sebvI, Im\¬ se³kp-Ifpw Cu Iyma- d - b n- e p- ] tbm-Kn-¡mw. 150 fps 4Kbpw 200 fps- 3Kbpw 300 fps- 2Kbpw jq«v sN¿m\pw Cu Iyma-d-bv¡m-hpw. AXm-bXv sdUv F]nIv angn-Nn-½n-sÃ-¶À°w. Hcp BIvj\pw Cu Iyma- d- bpsS I®nÂ\n¶pw c£-s¸-Sn-Ã.
4. sdUv {UmK¬ temI- s a- ¼ m- S p- a p- f f BIv j ³ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-¯n XcwKw krjvSn¨ tamU-emWv {UmK¬. tlmfn-hp-Unen-d-§p¶ ]¯p Nn{X-§-fn F«pw {UmK- W n- e m- s W¶v ]d- b p- t ¼mÄ {UmK-Wnsâ t]m¸p-em-cnän \ap¡v Duln-¡mw. 6K dk-eq-j-\n 100 fps thK-X-bn Nn{Xo-I-cWw \S-¯m-sa¶-XmWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS anI-hv. 30.7 an.-ao. \ofhpw 15.8 an.-ao. hoXn-bp-ÅXmWv Cu Iyma-d-bnse sk³kÀ. 80 db kná Sp t\mbvkv tdtjymbmWv Cu Iyma-d-bp-tS-Xv. HDbpsS H¼-Xn-c«n ¢mcn-änbpw hyà-Xbpw \ÂIp¶p F¶-XmWv Cu Iyma-dbpsS Xpdp¸pNo-«v. ^nenw Iyma-d-IfpsS A´ywIpdn¨ Iyma-d-bm-bn«mWv kn\nam temIw Cu Iyma-dsb hne- b n- c p- ¯ p- ¶ - X v . ^pÄs{^bnw UnPn-ä SLR Iyma-d-I-fnse dm Nn{X§Ä¡v kam-\-amb Izmfnän sk¡ân \qdp-hoXw FSp-¡p¶ Hmtcm s{^bn-anepw Dmhpw F¶XmWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS Kmcân. Hcp UnPn-ä sk³k-dn\v Hcn-¡epw \ÂIm³ Ign-bnà F¶p-]-dª Izmfnän \ÂIn- s Im- mWv Cu Iymad kn\nam temIs¯ I¿n-se-Sp¯-Xv. 2000 ISObnepw sa¨-s¸« Izmfnän Cu Iymad \ÂIpw. Iyma- d - b v ¡ p- ]p- d sa anI¨ kn\nam s{]mP-IvSÀ ]pd-¯n-d-¡m\pw sdUv {iaw XpS-§n-¡-gn-ªp. ASp¯p-Xs¶ \½sf ImgvN-bpsS Aam\pjXe-¯n-se-¯n-¡p¶ t{]mP-IvSdp-ambn sdUv hcp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.-H¸w Hcp kq¸À Iyma-dbpw Iq«n-\p-mhpw. XoÀ¨, \ap¡v Im¯n-cn-¡mw.
C´y³ t^mt«m-{Km-^À
A\q]v sP. Im«q-¡m-c³
`mh\m Xo{h-X-bpsS amkva-c-`m-h-§Ä ""t^mt«m-{K^n sN¿p-t¼mÄ Xm¦Ä¡v Xm¦-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-Xs¶ F´v A`n-{]m-b-amWv tXm¶p-¶Xv?'' F¶ A`n-apJ tNmZy-¯n\v ""F\n¡p {`m´m-sW¶v'' F¶v kwib tei-sas\y ]d-bp¶ Hcp {]kn² t^mt«m-{Km-^À Ds-¦n AXmWv A\q]v sP. Imäv F¶ ssk_À \ma-¯n Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ A\q]v sP. Im«p-¡m-c³, t^mt«m tPÀW-en-Ìp-IÄ¡pÅ Hcp hnes¸« D]-tZiw Xs¶ A`n-ap-J-h[w \S-¯nb t^mt«m tPÀW-en-Ìn\v At±lw \evIn. ""]p©ncn-¡p, ]p©n-cn-¡-Ww. At¸mÄ Npän-ep-ap18
Å-hÀ¡v kt´m-j-ap-m-Ipw. AhÀ B kµÀ`w Bkz-Zn-¡pw. \n§Ä¡v \à t^mt«m-IÄ¡v [mcmfw Ah-kc-§fpw e`n-¡pw.'' AXmWv A\q-]v. F´pw ck-I-camb Hcp kµÀ`-ambn IW-¡m-¡p-Ibpw, F´pw ck-I-c-amb kµÀ`-§fm¡n amän t^mt«m-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hcp s{]m^-j-W t^mt«m {Km^À. ""Kpcp-Xzm-IÀj-Ws¯ shÃp-hnfn-¡p¶'' At±-l-¯nsâ Nne t^mt«m-IÄ ImWn-Isf kvX_v[cm-¡m-dp-v. A¯cw
t^mt«mIsf-Sp-¡m³ F{X A[zm\w thW-sa¶v tNmZn-¨m At±-l-¯nsâ adp-]Sn "Xsâ kz´w Ieym-W-¯n\v Xm³ Nqen Ibdn ]d-¡p-¶-Xmbpw Npäp-ap-ÅsXÃmw Hgp-In-\-S-¡p-¶-Xmbpw tXm¶p¶ Hcp t^mt«m FSp-¯ncp¶p F¶pw AXv Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn FSp¯p Xocm³ \mep-a-Wn-¡qÀ thn-h¶p F¶p'amWv. kZm-k-abw `mh-\m-Xo-{h-X-bp-sSbpw, sshNn-{Xy-¯n-sâ-bpw, sImSp¦m-ä-Sn-¡p¶ At±-l-¯nsâ a\Ên \n¶pw Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h-cp¶ Nn{X-§Ä ImWn-Isf Nncn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw, Nn´n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw am{X-aà AÛp-X-kvX-_v[-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Iq«-¯n ]d-b-s«, A\q]v ]d-bp-¶Xv Nne-h-[p-h-c-·m-cpsS a\Êp-I-fnepw ]e-Xcw {`m´³ `mh-\IÄ Nnd-In-«-Sn-¡m-dpv F¶m-Wv. Ah ]IÀ¯m³ klm-bn-¨m B
""]p©ncn-¡p, ]p©n-cn-¡-Ww. At¸mÄ Npän-ep-ap-Å-hÀ¡v kt´m-j-ap-m-Ipw. AhÀ B kµÀ`w Bkz-Zn-¡pw. \n§Ä¡v \Ã- t^mt«m-IÄ¡v [mcmfw Ah-k-c-§fpw e`n-¡pw.'' `mh-\m-im-en-IÄ¡v kt´m-j-am-Ip-asÃm. h[q-h-cp-·msc shÅ-¯n ap¡nbpw hmbp-hn ]d-¯nbpw A\q]v ]e-t¸mgpw Ah-cpsS {`m´³ `mh-\-IÄ bmYmÀ°y-am-¡pI-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. Hcp-Zm-l-cWw ]d-bmw. hc³ Imdnsâ tUmdn ]d-¡p-Ibpw h[p- Im-en ]nSn¨p hen-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ t^mt«mbnse hc³ bYmÀ°-¯n IeymW-¯nÂ\n¶pw c£-s¸-Sm³ {ian¡p-Ibpw hen-¨n-g-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xm-sW¶v A\q]v ]d-bp-¶p. B bmYmÀ°yw Xm³ Zriy-hÂI-cn¨p-sh-t¶-bp-Åq. Sn.-hn. kocn-b cwK¯v Ub-dÎdpw aäp-ambn Iem-]m-Shw sXfnbn¨ HÃqÀ tPmk^v Im«q-¡m-csâ aI³ A\q]v _mw¥q-cn-emWv ]Tn¨Xpw hfÀ¶Xpw kzbw t^mt«m{Km^n ]Tn-¸n-¨-Xpw. AÀ hm«À t^mt«m-{Km^n Xmbveânse Hcp t^mt«m-{Km^n Øm]-\-¯n ]Tn¨-sXm-gn-¨m asäÃmw At±lw kzbw ]Tn-s¨-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv, 32 hbÊpÅ A\p]v hnhm-ln-X-\m-Wv. `mcy ¢mcn³, "^Ìv Unkw-_À' F¶ t]cn _m¥qcn Hcp s{]mU-£³ lukp-v. shÍnw-Kv, AÀhm-«À, AUzÀssS-kvsaâ v XpS§n hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn At±lw Xsâ krãn-]-c-amb ]mShw {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
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KUMAR YAVANIKA
t^mt«m-IÄ £Wn-¡p-¶p F.-sI.-]n.-F. AwK-§Ä FSp¯ t^mt«m-IÄ Pme-I-¯n-eqsS aäp-Å-hÀ¡v ImWp-hm³ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡p-¶p. \n§Ä FSp¯ Gähpw \à Nn{X-§Ä Pme-I-¯n-te¡v kn.-Un.-bmbn Ab-¨p-X-cn-I. Pme-Iw, t^mt«m-{Sm-Ivkv, {]hZm ÌpUn-tbm, It¨-cn-¸-Sn, Fd-Wm-Ipfwþ682018
RAMAKRISHNAN PAYYOLI
M.A. SALEEM KALLUR
SUNIL ADIMALI 23
bph-{]-Xn`
{_tPjv ]n.Pn. kvIqÄ hnZym`ymk¯n\ptijw Nn{XIem ]T\hpw Ignªv, t^mt«m{Km^nbpsS Iem]camb km²yXIsf tXSnbpÅ bm{Xbmbncp¶p. CXn\nSbn t^mt«m{Km^n ]T\w AXn\ptijw {Smh t^mt«m{Km^dmbn PohnX bmYmÀ°y§Ä tXSnbpÅ bm{XIÄ.... C¶v t^mt«m{Km^n PohnXKÔnbmWv , H¸w PnhnX amÀ¤hpw. Xsâ Iemk]cy¡pÅ AwKoImcambmWv 2012  efnXIem A¡mZan AhmÀUv (HmW¸q¡fw) A{Kn þ tlmÀ«n skmsskänbpsS tÌäv ^mw t^mt«m{Km^n AhmÀUv þ2013 a¬kq¬ t^mt«m{Km^n AhmÀUv XpS§n \nch[n kwØm\ AhmÀUpIÄ..... Nn{XIebnse \nd¡q«pIsf Hmtcm s{^bnapIfnepw ka\zbn¸n¡m\mbpÅ ImgvNIÄ tXSn Xsâ PohnXbm{X XpScp¶p. `mcy kpc`n, aI³ Cjm³, hnemkw : {_tPjv ]n. Pn, ]d¼¯v hf¸n hoSv, t]cmawKew, XriqÀ þ680545, t^m¬ : 9446229147, Email : breji001@gmail.com
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Iyma-dm -t^m-Wp-Ifpw t^m¬ Iyma-d-Ifpw t^mWp-I-fpsS IqsS Iyma-d-Ifpw Iyma-d-I-fpsS IqsS t^m¬ kuI-cy-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯I F¶Xv A\p-Zn\w hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ Hcp {]h-W-X-bm-Wv. I Phone-5
Nokia Lumia 720
8 saKm-]n-Ivk 1/3.2'' sk³kÀ DÅ sF t^m¬þ5 FSp¡p¶ t^mt«m- I Ä 3264 x 2448 dk-eq-j\p-Å-hbpw hoUntbm 1920 x 1080 dk-eq-j\n sk¡ân 30 s{^bnw FSp-¡p-¶Xp-am-Wv. 2.4 A]À¨dpw 31 mm t^m¡Â seMvXp-apÅ sFt^m¬ t^mt«m-IÄ \à shfn-¨-ap-Å-t¸mÄ hfsc jmÀ¸pw \à IfÀ sU]vXp-Å-hbp-am-Wv. shfn¨w Ipd-bp-t¼mÄ Aev]w KpWw Ipd-bp-sa¦nepw aäp-Å-h-sb-¡mÄ sa¨-am-Wv. LED ^vfmjpw Dv. hne GI-tZiw 43,750 cq]-bm-Wv.
GXmv sFt^m¬ 5tâXp-t]mse KpW-ta-·-bpÅ t^mt«m- I Ä e`n- ¡ p¶ t\m¡nb eqanb 720 1/3.4 hen-¸-apÅ 6.7 saKm-]nIvk sk³k-dmWv. 26 mm t^m¡Â seMvXpÅ se³knsâ A]À¨À 1.9 hsc Xpd-¡mw. LED ^vfmjpap-v. hne GI-tZiw 17,199 cq]-bm-Wv.
Samsung Galaxy - S4 UnPn-ä SLR Iyma-d-I-fp-ambn aÕ-cn-¡m-\n-sÃ-¦nepw tIm]mIväp Iyma-d-IÄs¡m¸w Xe-bp-bÀ¯n \n¡mhp¶ Hcp Iyma-d-bpv CXnÂ. 13 saKv]n-Ivk dk-eq-j\pÅ 1/3'' sk³k-dn\v \à sdk-eq-j-\n t^mt«m FSp¡m-\m-Ipw. 4128 x 3096 dkeq-j\pÅ t^mt«m-Ifpw 1920 x 1080 dk-eq-j-\n sk¡ân 30 s{^bnw hoUntbm bpw FSp¡m-hp¶ Cu Iyma-d-bn LED ^vfmjpw Dv. shfn¨w hfsc Ipd-bpt¼mÄ am{Xw t^mt«mIÄ Aev]w tkm^vSv BIp- ¶ p- v. hne GI-tZiw 38,999 cq]bm-Wv.
Black Berry-Z10 8 saKm-]n-Ivk 1/3'' sk³kÀ DÅ »m¡vs_dn Z10 FSp¡p¶ t^mt«m-IÄ 3264 x 1836 dk-eq-j-\p-Å-hbpw hoUntbm 1920 x 1080 dk- e q- j - \ n sk¡ân 30 s{^bnw FSp-¡mhp-¶-h-bp-am-Wv. 2.2 A]À¨dpw 31 mm t^m¡Â seMvXp-apÅ »m¡vs_dn Z10 t^mt«m-IÄ sFt^m-Wn-s\m¸w \n¡p-sa¦nepw shfn¨w Ipdª `mK-§fn hni-Zmw-i-§Ä \jvS-s¸-Sp¶p-v. LED ^vfmjv Dv. hne GI-tZiw 26,999 BWv.
Sony Xperia Z kmwk-Mn-t\-¡mÄ .1 saKm-]n-Ivk (13.1 MP) dkeq-j\pÅ 1/3'' sk³k-dps-¦nepw tkmWn-bn FSp-¡p¶ t^mt«mIÄ¡v KpWw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]pds¯ \à shfn-¨¯n t]mepw t^mt«mIÄ¡v kv]jvSX Ipd-hmWv. 28 mm t^m¡Â seMvXpw 2.4 A]À¨-dpapÅ se³kn\p Iq«mbn LED ^vfmjp-ap-v. 4128 x 3096 t^mt«m- I- fpw, 1080 Pbn 30 s{^bnw FSp- ¡ p¶ hoUntbm kuI-cyhpw Dv. hne GI-tZiw þþ-þþ BWv.
Google Nexus-4 8 saKm-]n-Ivk sk³k-dpÅ KqKnÄ s\Ivkkvþ4 3264 x 2448 dk-eq-j-\n t^mt«m-Ifpw 1920 x 1080 dkeq-j\n hoUn-tbm-Ifpw (sk-¡ân³ 30 s{^bnw) FSp-¡pw. LED ^vfmjpw Dv. A]À¨À 2.4 BWv. ]s£ ]pds¯ \à shfn-¨¯nÂt]mepw t^mt«m-IÄ sa¨-aÃ. sFt^mWpw kmwk-Mnsâ KymeIvkn-bp-ambn XmcX-say sNbvXm t^mt«m-IÄ tamiam-Wv. hne GI-tZiw 22,999 BWv. 26
Nokia 808 Pureview 41 saKm-]n-Ivk-ensâ sk³k-dp-ambn Cd-§nb t\m¡nb 808 Pureveiw 16 GB CtâW sa½-dn-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. ImÄskbvkv se³kv sXfnª t^mt«m-Ifpw HD hoUn-tbmbpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶p. 7152 x 5368 ]nIvk dk-eq-j-\pÅ t^mt«m-IÄ FSp-¡m³ 1/1.2'' sk³kdpw temkvseÊv UnPn-ä kqapw Dv. A\p-`-h-ØÀ s]mXpsh kwXr-]vX-cm-sW-¶mWv dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ. hne GI-tZiw 31,149 cq]-bm-Wv.
Iymadm t^mWp-Ifpw sk³kÀ sskkpw Iymadm t^mWp-I-fpsS Gähpw henb {]iv\w Ah-bnse sk³k-dp-I-fpsS Ipdª hen- ¸ - a m- W v. km[m- c W samss_ t^mWp-I-fnse sk³k-dp-IfpsS hen¸w 1 apX 8 hsc NXp-c{i anÃn-ao-ä-dm-Wv. sk³k-dnsâ hen¸w Ipd-bpw-tXmdpw se³knsâ hen¸hpw tijnbpw ]nIvk-ep-I-fpsS hen-¸hpw tijnbpw FÃmw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v Ipdbp-¶p. am{X-aà ]nIvk-ep-IÄ apgp-h³ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sm-sXbpw hcp-¶p. CXn\v Nne A]-hm-Z-§Ä CsÃ-¶-Ã. t\m¡n-bbn-bpsS N8þse sk³-kÀ 1.8'' (A-XmbXv 38 NXp-c{i anÃo aoä-dn-t\-¡mÄ Aev]w IqSp-XÂ) sskkm-Wv. km[mcW tImw]mIväv Iyma-d-I-fpsS sk³kÀ 2.3'' (AXm-bXv 28.5 NXp-c{i anÃn aoäÀ) am{X-am-Wv. t\m¡nb eqanb 1020sâ sk³kÀ 2/3'' (58 N. an.-ao.)Dw t\m¡nb ]yqÀhyq 808sâ sk³kÀ 1/1.2'' (85þ33 Nn. an.-ao)Dw BWv. CXnepw henb sk³kÀ {_nUv P v Iyma- d - I - f mb \nt¡m¬ CX, tkmWn RX 100 (1” = 116 N.-an.-ao) F¶n-h-bnte DÅp. ]ns¶ SLR Iyma- d - I - f n- e pw. km[m- c W APS-C sskkv UnPn-ä SLR Iyma-d-I-fpsS sk³kÀ 330 N.-an.-ao. apX 370 N.-an.-ao.hsc BsW-¦nÂ, ^pÄ s{^bnw UnPnä SLR Iyam-d-I-fp-tSXv 860-þ864 N.-an.-ao. Dw, aoUnbw t^mÀamäv Iyma-d-I-fp-tSXv 1300 apX 2200 N.-an.-ao. hscbpw sFamIvkv ^nenw s{^bnw 3706 N.-an.ao.Dw BWv. sk³kÀ sskkn-s\m¸w se³knsâ hen¸hpw KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ dk-eq-j\pw ssU\manIv td©pw aäpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v hÀ²n¡p-¶p. Xmsg sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ ]«nI t\m¡p-¶Xv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
Type
Diagonal (mm)
1/10" ........................................................................1.60 1/8" ..........................................................................2.00 1/6" ..........................................................................3.00 1/4" ..........................................................................4.00 1/3.6" (Nokia Lumia 720)[26] ...................................5.00 1/3.2" (iPhone 5)[27]................................................5.68 Standard 8mm Film Frame......................................5.94 1/3" (iPhone 5s) .......................................................6.00 1/2.7" .......................................................................6.72 Super 8mm Film Frame...........................................7.04 1/2.5" (Sony T5).......................................................7.18 1/2.3" (Pentax Q) ( Sony DSC-W330) .....................7.66 1/2" (Fujifilm HS30EXR) ..........................................8.00 1/1.8" (Nokia N8) .....................................................8.93 1/1.7" (Pentax Q7) ...................................................9.50 1/1.6" .......................................................................10.07 2/3" (Nokia Lumia 1020, Fujifilm X-S1, X20, XF1) ..........................................11.00 Standard 16mm Film Frame....................................12.7 1/1.2" (Nokia 808 PureView) ...................................13.33 Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera .......................14.32 Super 16mm Film Frame.........................................14.54 Nikon CX and Sony RX100 .....................................15.86 1" .............................................................................16.00 Blackmagic Cinema Camera EF..............................18.13 Four Thirds, Micro Four Thirds ("4/3", "m4/3").........21.60 1.5" ..........................................................................23.36 Blackmagic Production Camera 4K .........................24.23 original Sigma Foveon X3 .......................................24.90 Canon EF-S, APS-C................................................26.70 Standard 35mm Film Frame....................................27.20 APS-C (Nikon DX, Pentax K, Samsung NX, Sony α DT) ......................................28.2 - 28.4 Super 35mm Film Frame.........................................31.11 Canon APS-H ..........................................................33.50 35mm full-frame, (Nikon FX, Sony α , Canon EF)...............................43.2 - 43.3 Leica S.....................................................................54 Pentax 645D............................................................55 Standard 65mm Film Frame....................................57.30 Kodak KAF 39000 CCD[28].....................................61.30 Leaf AFi 10 ..............................................................66.57 Medium Format (Hasselblad H5D-60)[29]...............67.08 Phase One P 65+, IQ160, IQ180.............................67.40 IMAX Film Frame.....................................................87.91
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Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Area (mm2)
Stops (Area)
Crop factor[25]
1.28 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.54 4.8 4.80 5.37 5.79 5.76 6.17 6.40 7.18 7.60 8.08
0.96 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.42 3.5 3.60 4.04 4.01 4.29 4.55 4.80 5.32 5.70 6.01
1.23 1.92 4.32 7.68 12.0 15.50 16.8 17.30 21.70 23.22 24.70 28.50 30.70 38.20 43.30 48.56
-9.51 -8.81 -7.64 -6.81 -6.16 -5.80 -5.73 -5.64 -5.31 -5.24 -5.12 -4.92 -4.81 -4.50 -4.32 -4.15
27.04 21.65 14.14 10.81 8.65 7.61 7.28 7.21 6.44 6.15 6.02 5.64 5.41 4.84 4.55 4.30
8.80 10.26 10.67 12.48 12.52 13.20 12.80 15.81 17.30 18.70 21.12 20.70 22.20 22.0
6.60 7.49 8.00 7.02 7.41 8.80 9.60 8.88 13 14.00 11.88 13.80 14.80 16.0
58.10 76.85 85.33 87.6 92.80 116 123 140 225 262 251 286 329 352
-3.89 -3.49 -3.34 -3.30 -3.22 -2.90 -2.81 -2.62 -1.94 -1.72 -1.78 -1.60 -1.39 -1.34
3.93 3.41 3.24 3.02 2.97 2.72 2.70 2.38 2.00 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.62 1.59
23.6 - 23.7 24.89 27.90
15.60 18.66 18.60
368 - 370 464 519
-1.23 -0.95 -0.73
1.52 - 1.54 1.39 1.29
36 45 44 52.48 49 56 53.7 53.90 70.41
23.9 - 24.3 30 33 23.01 36.80 36 40.2 40.40 52.63
860 - 864 1350 1452 1208 1803 2016 2159 2178 3706
0 +0.64 +0.75 +0.81 +1.06 +1.22 +1.26 +1.33 +2.05
1.0 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.71 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.49
KITE O'GRAPHY ]«w ]d-¯p-¶Xv Ip«n-IÄ¡p am{Xaà apXnÀ¶-hÀ¡pw Hcp ck-amWv. BIm-i¯v ]d¶p \S-¡p¶ ]«w Iv Ip«n-IÄ BÀ¯p ckn-¡pw. F¶m ]«-§ÄsImv thsdbpw {]tbm-P-\-§Ä Ds¶v Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-¶p. Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼v C´y-bn kzÀ¤¯nse tZh-·m-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸Sm³ ]«-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p-h-
s{X. ]n¶oSv Imap- I o- I m- a pI³amÀ¡v t{]a-te-J-\-§fv ssIam-dm\pw, Ip«n-IÄ Dd-§p¶ I«n-ep-I-fpsS Imep-I-fn sI«n Ahsc Dd-¡m\pw ]«-§Ä D]-tbmKn-¨n-cp-¶p. 1942-þ C´y³ kzmX{´y-k-acw sImSp-¼ncn sImn-cn¡p¶ Ime¯v "{In¸vkv anj'-s\Xnsc kzmX{´y ka-c-tk-\m-\n-IÄ ‘ Cripps Go Back’ Fs¶-gp-Xnb ]«§Ä ]d-¯n-hn«v {]Xn-tj-[n¨ Ncn{X-ap-v. bp²-Im-e¯v XmbveânÂ
28
i{Xp-Iym-¼p-I-fn ssU\-an-äp-IÄ (]-gb t_mw_p-IÄ) sImn-Sm\pw ]«- § Ä {]tbm- P - \ - s ¸- « n- « p- v . F¶m ]«-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v Db-c¯n \n¶pw t^mt«m-IÄ FSp¡m³ XpS- § n- b Xv 1887emWv . As¡mÃw {_n«ojv Imem-hØm \nco-£-I-\mb U¥kv BÀ¨ot_mÄUv ]«-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v t^mt«m-IÄ FSp-¯-Xmbn tcJIÄ Dv. ]s£ CXn t^mt«mIsf¡mÄ Imem-hØm \nco-£-
W-¯n-\m-bn-cp¶p {]m[m-\yw. 1888þ {^m³kn BÀXÀ _m¯q¯v FSp¯ t^mt«m-IÄ Bbn-cp¶p t^mt«m- { Km- ^ n¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIn FSp¯ BZys¯ ssIäv Gcn- b  t^mt«m- { Km- ^ p- I Ä. F¦nepw 1906 `qan- I p- e p¡w sImv XIÀ¶ Ata-cn-¡-bnse km³{^m³knkvtIm \K-c-¯nsâ Gcn-b t^mt«m-I-fmWv ssIäv t^mt«m-{Km-^nsb P\-{i-²-bn sImp-h-¶-Xv. tPmÀÖv temd³kv F¶ t^mt«m- { Km- ^ À ]«hpw ]t\m-c-a-sb-Sp-¡m-hp¶ Iyma-dbpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v FSp¯ t^mt«m-IÄ temI-{i² t\Sn. ]n¶oSv ]e-cq-]¯n ]«-§fpw Iyma-d-Ifpw D]tbm-Kn-¨v, ]e Bh-iy-§Ä¡mbpw ssIäv t^mt«m-{Km^n ]ecpw D]tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]e-Xcw \nb-a-{]iv\-§fpw \ntcm-[-\-§fpw ssIäv t^mt«m- { Km^n t\cn- t S- n- h - c nIbpw Dmbn-«p-v. UnPn-ä Iyma-d-Ifpw tdUntbm hgnbpw AÃm-¯-Xp-amb ]e-hn[ dntam«v I¬t{Sm-fp-Ifpw e`y-amb Ime¯v hfsd Ffp¸w kzmb-¯am- ¡ m- h p¶ Hcp kmt¦- X nI hnZybmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p¶p ssIäv t^mt«m- { Km- ^ n. AXp- s Imp Xs¶ At\-Iw-t]À Cu cwK-s¯¯p-¶p-v. ]s£ ià-amb Nn{X§-fn-eqsS temI-{i-²-t\-Sp¶hÀ hnc-en-se-®m-hp-¶-hÀ am{X-amWv. CXnsâ {][m\ImcWw ]«-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv A{X Ffp-¸¯n kzmb-¯-am-¡m-hp¶ Hcp hnZy-bà F¶-Xm-Wv. ZoÀL-\mfs¯ ]cn-{i-aw, A\p-`-h-k-¼¯v F¶nh Ds-¦nte henb ]«-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡m-\m-Iq. 20 Intem-bpsS {]l-c-ti-jn-bpÅ Imäm-bn-cn¡pw ]«- ¯n ASn- ¡p- I. At¸mÄ ]«s¯ \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xv {]bm-kam-Wv. Fhn-sS-sb-¦nepw IpSp-§nt¸m-bmtem ]ns¶ ]d-bp-Ibpw th. ]«-¯nsâ Hmtcm Ne-\hpw Adnªv th-hn[w Nen-¡p¶ hnc-ep-IÄ BWv \ap¡v th-Xv. AXv Øncm-`ym-k-¯n-eqsS am{Xta \ap¡v kzmb- ¯ amIpI- b p- Å q. ]«w \nb-{´n-¡m³ ]Tn¨p Ignªm ]ns¶ ]«-¯n Iyma-dsb LSn-¸n-¡-emWv apJy-amb Imcyw. CXn\v ]e-Xcw kwhn-[m-\-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-dp-v. ]«-¯nÂ\n¶pw Hcp s]³Upew Xq¡n-bn«v AXn Iymad LSn-¸n¡p¶ coXn-bmWv H¶v. s]³Upew BSp- sa- ¦n- epw, Iymad AXn \n¶pw Xq¡n-bn« Hcp sNdnb N«-
¡q-Sn-\p-Ån (dn-Kv) Bb-XpsImv `qan- b psS Kpcp- X zmIÀjWw aqew Aev]w `mc-apÅ hkvXp-hmb Iymad seh \ne\nÀ¯n-s¡m-f-fpw. Cu kwhn-[m\-§Ä ]«-¯n \n¶pw Ipsd Xmsg-bm-b-Xp-sImv ]«-¯nsâ Cf¡w Chsb _m[n-¡m-dn-Ã. s]³Upew CÃmsX Hcp hSnbn Xq¡p¶ coXnbpw Dv. F¶m Gä-hpw {]Nm-c-¯n-epÅXv Iyma-dsb Ipcn-in Xq¡p¶coXn-bm-Wv. Iyma-d-bpsS Xq¡¯n- \- \p- k- cn¨v ]«- ¯nsâ hen¸w Iq«-Ww. km[m-cW ]«§Ä ]mcm- t ^mbv  F¶ 29
Unssk-\n-em-Wv. F¶m IqSp-X Db-c-¯n ]d-¡m³ sdm¡m¡p, sU« XpS-§nb Unssk-\p-I-fmWv D]-cn-¡p-I. 47 hb-ÊpÅ \ns¡m-fmkv sImdn-bÀ (Nicholas Chorier) P\n- ¨ Xpw hfÀ¶Xpw {^m³kn BsW¦nepw Ct¸mÄ C´y-bnse t]mnt¨-cn-emWv Xma-kw. 12 hb-Êp-f-ft¸mÄ I¿n Hcp Iymad In«n-btXmsS \ns¡m-fmkv Hcp DÕm-lnbmb t^mt«m-{Km-^-dmbn amdn. ]«w ]d-¸n-¡en F¶pw XmXv]-cy-ap-mbn-cp¶ At±lw Ft¶m Hcn-¡Â Ch cpw tNÀ¯v Nne ]co-£-W-
§Ä \S-¯n-t\m-¡n. ]ns¶ temI¯nsâ ]e-`m-K¯pw ]«-¯n LSn-¸n¨ Iyma-d-bp-ambn Ae-ªp\-S¶v C´y-bn-se-¯n. C´y At±l-¯nse Iem-Im-csâ kz]v\-km£m- X v { I- a m- b n- c p- ¶ p. ]pjv I À, XmPva-lÂ, lw]n, alm-_-en-]pcw XpS- § nb C´y- b nse {][m\ BIÀjW tI{µ-§-sfÃmw At±lw Xsâ ssIäv t^mt«m{Km^n kwhn-[m\w D]-tbm-Kn¨v
]IÀ¯n. tImh-fhpw Be-¸p-gbpw AS-§p¶ tIc-f-¯nsâ IS-temc {]tZ-i-§Ä At±lw \b-\m-µ-I-camb Nn{X-§-fm-¡n. C´y hn«p-t]mIm³ a\- Ê p- h - c msX At±lw t]mn-t¨-cn-bn Ønc-Xm-a-k-am¡n. P¸m³Im-cpsS CjvS Unssk-\mb scmt¡m¡p amXr-I-bn-epÅ ]«amWv \ns¡m-fmkv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. GI-tZiw 12 NXp-c{i aoäÀ hen¸-¯n ss^_À ¥mkv N«-¡qSpw knen-t¡m¬ tNÀ¶ ss\temWn XoÀ¯ Bh-c-Whpw DÅXmWv Cu ]«w. ]«-¯n 360 Un{Kn Xncn- ¡ m- h p- ¶ Xpw 90 Un{Kn Ip¯s\DbÀ¯m\pw Xmgv¯m\pw Ign-bp-¶-Xp-amb Hcp dnMv ]«-¯n Xq¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. dn§n Dd-¸n-¨ncn- ¡p¶ Iyma- d- bn ImWp- ¶sXÃmw Xmsg tamWn- ä- dn ImWmw. Hcp I¿nse dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v \nb-{´W kwhn-[m-\-§Ä amäp-Ibpw j«À {]hÀ¯n- ¸ n- ¡ p- I bpw sN¿mw. AtX-k-abw Igp-¯n Xq¡nb sNdnb tamWn-ä-dn Zriy-§fpw ImWmw. ]«w Hcp \qdSn Db-c-¯n ]d-¯n-b-tijw, ]«w sÌUn-bmbn \n¡p-¶p-sh-¶p-d-¸m-¡n, Nc-Sp-Ifp- ] - t bm- K n¨v Iyma- d - b - S - ¡ - a pÅ dnMns\]«-¯n-se-¯n-¡p-¶p. ]ns¶ ]«w 300 apX 400 ASn-hsc DbÀ¯n aWn-¡q-dp-I-tfmfw t^m t«m-IÄ FSp-¡m\pw hoUntbm ]IÀ¯m\pw Ign-bpw.
t^mt«m-s^Ìv C´y 2013 hnkva-b-ambn F.-sI.-]n.-F. kwØm\ I½-än-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n kwL-Sn-¸n¨ t^mt«ms^Ìv C´y 2013 kwL-S-\-bpsS iànbpw sI«p-d¸pw hnfn-¨-dn-bn¨ alm taf-bmbn amdn. 2013 HmKÌv 9\v cmhnse tI{µ-a{´n {io. sI.-hn.-tXm-akv taf DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. t^mt«m {]ZÀi\w sI.-]n. [\-]m-e³ Fw.-]n.bpw t^mt«m-{Km^n AhmÀUv hnX-cWw sIm¨n sdbv©v sF.-Pn. sI. ]ß-Ip-amdpw DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. Fw.-FÂ.-F-am-cmb ssl_n CuU³ A³hÀ kmZ¯v DZvLm-S\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn ]s¦-Sp-¯p. aq¶p Znhkw \op-\n¶ alm-ta-f-bn tIc-f-¯n\v ]pd-¯p-\n¶pw t^mt«m-{Km^n t{]an-IÄ F¯n-tNÀ¶p F¶Xv FSp¯p ]d-tb {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. cmPym-´c I¼-\n-IÄ DÄs]sS \qdn-e-[nIw Ìm-fp-IÄ Ah-cpsS DÂ]-¶§Ä {]ZÀin-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hn]Wn Is-¯p-¶-Xn\pw t^mt«m-s^-käv C´y 2013 {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯n.
32
UnPn-ä hntijw
\nt¡m¬ ka-bm-k-abw ]gb tamU-epIsf A]vtUäv sN¿pI-tbm- t^mt«m{Km-^Àam-cpsS ^oUv_m¡v DÄs¡mv ]pXnb tamUepIÄ Cd¡pItbm sNbvXmse kPo-hambn hn]- Wn- bn Nph- Sp- d - ¸n¨p \n¡m-\m-hp. \nt¡m¬ I¼\n D5300 F¶ ]pXn-sbmcp UnPn-ä SLR Iymad ]pd-¯n-d-¡n-b-Xn\p ImcWhpw asäm-¶-Ã. GXmv Hcp hÀjw ap¼n-d-¡nb D 5200sâ ]cn-jv¡-cn¨ tamU-emWv D 5300 F¶v \nÊw-ibw ]d-bm-hp¶ kam-\-X-IÄ Cu tamUep-I-fn-epv. \nt¡m- Wnsâ ]pXnb CtaPv t{]mk-Ê-dmb EXPEED 4 D]-tbm-K-s¸Sp-¯nb BZy SLR Iyma-d-bmWv D 5300. AXp- t]mse _nÂäv C³ sshþss^ kuI- c y- a pÅ BZy \nt¡m¬ SLR Iyma-d-bp-amWv D 5300. XoÀ¶n-Ã, D 5300sâ ]pXpa _nÂäv C³ GPS kuI-cy-apÅ BZy \nt¡m¬ UnPn-ä SLR Iymad IqSnbmWv Cu tamUÂ. Ah-km\w ]dª c-p kuI-cy-§fpw C¶s¯ Ime-L«w Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶, Ah- i yw- t h kuI- c y- § - f mbn XoÀ¶n- cn- ¡p- I- bm- Wv. Ime- ¯nsâ
D5300
hnfn \nt¡m-Wn\pw Ah-K-Wn-bv¡m\m-hn-Ã-tÃm. Bâ n Asse- k - nMv ^nÂäÀ F¶pw Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ H]vSn-¡Â tem]mkv ^nÂäÀ CtaPv sk³kdnsâ ap¶n \n¶pw Hgn-hm¡n CtaPp-IÄ¡v jmÀ]v\kv Iq«p¶ {]hWX Ct¸mÄ an¡ I¼-\n-Ifpw sNbvXp-h-cp¶ Imcy-am-Wv. \nt¡mWm-hs« X§-fpsS D 800E tamU Iyma-d-bn XpS-§nb ]co-£Ww D 7100þse-¯n-b-t¸mÄ H¶p-IqSn Dd¸m-¡n. Ct¸m-gnXm _UvPäv tamU Iyma-d-I-fnepw H]vSn-¡Â tem]mkv ^nÂäÀ Hgn-hm¡n D 5300eqsS ]pXnsbmcp amÕ-c-¯n\v \nt¡m¬ tIfnsIm-«p-bÀ¯p-¶p. 24 saKm-]n-Ivk sk³kdn\p ap¼nse Bân AsseknMv ^nÂäÀ Hgn-hm-¡pI hgn CtaPv jmÀ]v\kv KWy-ambn hÀ²n¸n-¡m-\mWv \nt¡m¬ {iaw. 24 saKm-]n-Ivk dk-eq-j\pw 23.5 an.-ao. \ofhpw 15.6 an.-ao. hoXnbpÅ CMOS sk³k-dmWv Cu Iymad- b n- e p- Å - X v . CXn- e pÅ Gähpw ]pXnb EXPEED 4 CtaPv t{]mk-ÊÀ Nn{X-§-fpsS IfÀ IrXyX hf-sc-b[nIw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. GXp 33
tImWnepw Xncn-bv¡p-Ibpw DbÀ¯pIbpw sN¿m-hp-¶Xpw 3.2 C©v sskkpw 1037000 tUm«v dk-eq-j-\pÅ- X p- a mb thcn BwKnÄ LCD kv{Io\mWv Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-ap-Å-Xv. ap³Km-an-I-fnset¸mse Cu Iyma-dbnepw Bt«m-t^m-¡kv tamt«mÀ CÃ. _nÂäv C³ Bt«m t^m¡kv tamt«mdpÅ AF-S. kocokv se³kp-IÄ D]tbm-Kn-¨m am{Xta CXn Bt«mt^m-¡-knMv kuIcyw e`y-am-hp. AF-S koco-kn Ct¸mÄ AXym-hiyw se³kp-IÄ DÅ-Xn-\m Hcp-hn[w cwK-§-fn-seÃmw Cu Iyma-d-bp-ambn ss[cy- t¯msS sNÃmw. aäv AF se³kp- I Ä D]- t bm- K n- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ Bt«m- t ^m- ¡ - k nMv Hgn- s I- b pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä e`y-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. 100 apX 12800 htc-bmWv Cu Iyma-dbnse ISO td©v. _qÌv tamUn 25600 F¶ ISO e`y-am-hpw. 30 apX 1/4000 sk¡â vhsc-bmWv j«Àkv]oUv td©v. 5fps BWv IqSnb thK-X. 39 t]mbâ v Bt«m-t^m-¡kv kwhn-[m-\-amWv Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-ÅXv. Ch-bn 9 t]mbâp-IÄ t{Imkv ssS¸m-Wv. SD, SDHC, SDXC ImÀUpIÄ Nn{X-§sf tiJ-cn-¡m-\p-]-tbmKn-¡mw. UHS 1, Eyefi ImÀUp-Isf Cu Iymad kt¸mÀ«v sN¿pw. 6000 x 4000, 4496 x 3000, 2992 x 2000 F¶n-hbmWv sdk-eq-j³ skän-§p-IÄ. sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯nb hoUntbm Im]vNdnMv BWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS asämcp ¹kv t]m-bâ v. Full HDbn 60p, 50p, 30p, 25p, 24p Hm]vj-\p-Ifpw HDbn 30p, 25p Hm]vj-\p-Ifpw e`y-am-hpw. H.264/MPEG4AVC MOV BWv hoUntbm t^mÀam-äv. 2016 ]nIvk RGB aoä-dnMv knÌ-amWv D5300epÅXv. kvamÀ«v t^m¬, Sm_veäv F¶nh D]-tbm-Kn¨v Cu Iyma-dsb tamWn-«À sN¿m- s a¶ sa¨hpw \nt¡m¬ \ap¡v \ÂIp-¶p. GN-12 DÅ sNdnsbmcp ^vfmjpw Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-v. ]pXnb Cta-Pv t{]mk-ÊÀ aqew Iymad-bpsS _mädn D]-t`mKw hfsc Ipdhm-Wv. CXp-aqew Hcp NmÀPn-§n 600 Nn{X-§Ä Cu Iymad \ÂIpw. hfsc HXp- ¡ - a pÅ t_mUn- L - S - \ - b mWv D5300\pÅ-Xv. Nph-¸v, Idp-¸v, t{K \nd§-fn e`y-am-hp¶ D5300sâ `mcw 480 {Kmapw hne 45000 cq]-bp-am-Wv.
\nt¡m¬ D610
^pÄs{^bnw SLR
_UvPäv hne-bn ^pÄs{^bnw UnPn-ä SLR Iymad e`y-am-hpI F¶ tamlw km£m-XvI-cn-bv¡m³ hfsc Ipd¨p tamUte C¶v t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ¡v ap¶n-ep-Åp. Ah-bnÂXs¶ Gähpw IqSp-X hn¡-s¸« tamU \nt¡m-Wnsâ D600 BWv. anI¨ ^o¨-dp-Ifpw H¶m-´cw s]Àt^m-a³kpw BWv D600s\IqSp-XÂt]-cpsS {]nb-¦c Iyma-d-bm-¡n-b-Xv. Nne Iyma-d-I-fn-epmb {]iv\-§Ä Hgn-¨p-\nÀ¯nbm Ipd- ª - h n- e - b pÅ ^pÄ s{^bnw Iymad tXSp-¶-hÀ¡pw D4, D3X, D800E, D800 F¶o h¼³ tamU-ep-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v A[nIw apXÂap-S-¡n-ÃmsX e`y-amhp¶ sk¡â v Iyma-d-bmbpw D600 Xnf-§n. Ct¸mÄ D610 F¶ ]pXn-sbmcp tamU-en-eqsS D600sâ sNdnb Ipdhp-I-sf-t¸mepw ]cn-l-cn¨v t^mt«m{Km-^ÀamÀ¡v ^pÄs{^bnw Iyma-dIÄ Xnc- s ª- S p- ¡ m³ IqSp- X  Hm]vj³ \ÂIp-I-bmWv \nt¡m¬ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nne D600 tamUep-I-fn Dmb sk³k-dn-tebv¡v Hmbn NnXdn hogp¶ {]iv\w ]cnl-cn-¨mWv ]pXnb tamU-emb D610 s\\n-t¡m¬ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. am{X-a-Ã, D600-se FÃm anI¨ ^o¨dp-Ifpw AtX-]Sn D610epw \ne\nÀ¯p- I bpw sNbv X n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ p. {][m-\ambpw aq¶v ]pXnb ^o¨dp-IfmWv D610 t^mt«m-{Km^ÀamÀ¡mbn \nt¡m¬ Ah-X-cn-¸n¡p-¶-Xv. Ah-bn {][m\w ]pXnb j«À sa¡m-\n-k-am-Wv. Xntb-äÀ,
ÌpUn-tbm, ssle-h aoän-§p-IÄ F¶n-hn-S-§-fnepw i_vZw ]c-am-h[n Ipd-bvt¡ aäv Ah-k-c-§-fnepw D]- tbm- Kn- ¡- ¯- ¡- hn[w GXmv \nÈ- _ v Z - a mbn {]hÀ¯n- ¡ p- s a- ¶ XmWv Cu j«À kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-X. Izbäv In-\yqkv tamUv F¶ skä- ¸ n sk¡â n 3 s{^bnw \nc-¡n D610 Nn{X-sa-Sp¡pw. km[m-cW Bh-iy-§Ä¡mbn 6 fps thK-Xbpw Cu Iymad \ÂIpw. H¶-c-e£w XhW Kmcân-bp-ÅXmWv Cu j«À kwhn-[m-\w. 24.3 saKm-]n-Ivk dk-eq-j\pw 35.9 an.aoäÀ \ofhpw 24 an.-ao-äÀ hoXnbp-ap-Å CMOS sk³k-dmWv Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-Å-Xv. CXnse Nn{X§sf t{]mkkv sN¿p-¶Xv Exspeed t{]mk-Ê-dm-Wv. 3.2 C©v sskkpw 9,21,000 tUm«v dk-eq-j-\p-ap-Å-XmWv Iyma-d-bnse LCD kv{Io³. SD, SDHC, SDXC ImÀUp-IÄ Cu Iyma-dbn-ep-]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. cv ImÀUv tÉm«p-IÄ DÅ-Xn-\m XpSÀ¨-bmb jq«n§v AXv hoUntbm BbmÂt]mepw Hcp {]iv\ta AÃ. HDMI t]mÀ«v hgn Uncompressed Video e`y-am-hp¶ Hm]vj\pw Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-v. IqSp-X sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯nb Bt«msshäv _me³kv kwhn-[m-\amWv D610sâ asämcp ]pXp-a. Ir{Xna {]Im-i-¯nepw Ipdª sseän-§nepw IrXy-amb kvIn³ tSmWpw jmÀ¸mb Nn{X- § fpw Xcm³ CXp-aqew D610\mhpw. Cu Iyma- d - b nse hbÀekv ^v f mjv
I¬t{SmÄ kuI-cyhpw \nt¡m¬ sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. GN 12 DÅXmWv CXnse _nÂäv C³ ^vfmjv. CX{X t]mcm F¶p ]d-bmsX h¿. 6016 x 4016, 4512 x 3008, 3936 x 2624, 3008 x 2008, 3008 x 1688, 2944 x 1968 F¶n-§-s\-bmWv dk-eq-j³ skän-§p-IÄ. APS-C t{Im¸n-§n 10.5 saKm-]n-Ivk-epÅ Iyma-d-bmbn CXv amdpw. henb H]vSn-¡Â hyq ss^³U-dmWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS thsdmcp ¹kv t]mbâ v. 100 apX 6400 hsc-bm-Wv ISO td©v. _qÌv tamUn 50 (L1), 12800 (H1), 25600 (H2) F¶o ISOIÄ e`y-am-Wv. 39 Bt«m t^m¡kv t]mbâ v kwhn-[m\-amWv D610epÅ-Xv. Ch-bn 9 F®w t{Imkv ssS¸m-Wv. se³kv IdIvj³ kuI-cyhpw ssSw em]vkv tamUpw Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-v. s]mXpth ]d-ªm InSn-e³ Iyma-d-sbm-¶p-a-sÃ-¦nepw Hcp e£¯n\v Aev]w apI-fnse hne-bn sa¨-s¸« Hcp ^Ä s{^bnw Iymad th-hÀ¡v ss[cy-ambn kz´-am¡m- h p¶ Iyma- d - b mWv D610. CuÀ¸hpw s]mSnbpw IS-¡m¯ koen-§p-Ifpw aáojyw AtembvsImv \nÀ½n¨ tSm]v, t_m«w t¹äp-Ifpw s{]m^-j-W \ne-hm-capÅ ^n\n-jn§pw Cu Iyma-d-bv¡pv. ^pÄNmÀÖn 90 tjm«v F¶ _mädn kt¸mÀ«pw D610 \ÂIpw. ^pÄ HDbnepw 0(30, 25, 24 fps tdän§v) HDbnepw (60, 50, 30, 25 fps tdän§v) hoUntbm jq«n-§v \S-¯m\pw D610 X¿m-À. 850 {KmamWv Iyma-dbpsS `mcw. hne 1,20,000 cq].
IuXpI hmÀ¯-IÄ
kvamÀ«v t^mWns\ Iyma-d-bm¡n amäm³ se³kp-IÄ¡v KpWw IqSn-bm-epw, saKm-]nIvk-ep-IÄ F®w IqSn-bmepw Hcp kvamÀ«v t^m¬ I¿n ]nSn¨v t^mt«m-sb-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp Iymad I¿n ]nSn¨v FSp-¡p¶ kpJw CsÃ-¶v ]cm-Xn-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn CXm Hcp ]pXnb D]-I-c-Ww. sF t^m¬ 4, 45, 5, KmeIvkn S III apX-emb t^mWp-IÄ CXn Xncp-In-bm am{Xw aXn, km[m-cW Iymad t]mse D]- t bm- K n- ¡ mw. kv \ m]v {Kn¸v (Snappgrip) F¶p t]cn-«n-cn-¡p¶ Cu D]-IcWw j«À ]IpXn AaÀ¯n t^mÄUv sN¿m\pw, t]mÀs{Sbväv emâ v kvtI]v tamUp-I-fn \n¶p sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-\pw, hoUntbm FSp¡m\pw FÃmw D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. ASn-bn NmÀÖv sN¿m-\pÅ ssat{Im - USB t]mÀ«pw t]mUn sh¡m-\pÅ kuI-cyhpw AS¡w Dff Cu D]-I-cWw 2014 s^{_p-h-cn-bnte Cd§p. Ct¸mÄ 29 ]uv (3000 cq]-tbm-fw) sImSp¯pw CXp kz´-am-¡mw. IqSp-X hnh-c§Ä¡v snappgrip.com kµÀin-¡p-I.
sshss^ (Weye Feye) dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ USB hgn Iyma-d-bp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡m-hp¶ Hcp dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ BWv Weye Feye (sshss^). 80 ASn AI-se\n-¶p-hsc Iyma-d-bpsS FÃm \nb-{´-W-§fpw ssIImcyw sN¿m\pw Iymad ImWp-¶-sXÃmw tamWn-ä-dn ImWm\pw km[n-¡p¶ Cu dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ FSp¯p Ignª t^mt«m-IÄ hopw ImWm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ kuI-cy-§Ä CÃm¯ ]gb UnPn-ä SLR Iymad-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Cu D]-I-cWw hfsc {]tbm-P\-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. tamWn-ä-dmbn Hcp kvamÀ«v t^mtWm Sm»äv PCtbm D]- t bm- K n- t ¡- n- h - c p- s a¶p am{Xw. Hcp sk¡ânsâ A©n-sem¶p j«À emKp am{Xta Dm-Iq. ]s£ hne Aev]w IqSp-X-em-Wv. 332 tUmfÀ (20,000 cq] tbmfw) hcpw. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡v weye-feye.com kµÀin-¡p-I.
sF s»bvkÀþt^m¬ Iyma-d-bv¡pÅ ^vfmjv
36
\mev LED _Ä_p-IÄ DÅ sNdn-sbmcp sseämWv sF s»bvkÀ. Bh-iy-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v {]Imiw \nb-{´n¨v t^m¬ Iyma-d-bpsS j«À kv]oUpambn kn³s{Im-ssWkp sN¿m-hp¶ Cu ^vfmjv, "In-\yq-hkv' tamUn C«m hoUn-tbm¡pw D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. tImÄUv jq aupÅ tamU hm§n-bm UnPn-ä SLR Iyma-d-bvs¡m-¸hpw CXv D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. tSmÀ¨v sseäv, tS_nÄ em¼v XpS-§nb Bh-iy-§Ä¡pw Cu sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¡mw. sseän\v 39 tUmf-hpw, tImÄUv jq aun\v 8 tUmfdpw BWv hne. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡v iblazr.com kµÀin-¡p-I.
tkmWn-bpsS ]pXnb ]co-£Ww
B³t{UmbvUv kuI-cy-ap-ff Hcp kvamÀ«v t^mtWm Sm_veäv PCtbm \n§Ä¡p-s-¦n Ah-bpsS Iymadm- t ijn hÀ²n- ¸ n- ¡ m\pw kqw sNbvXv \à t^mt«m-IÄ FSp-¡phm\pw Ah-tbmSv tNÀ¯v D]-tbm-Kn¡m-hp¶ tkmWn-bpsS ]pXnb Iymad-I-fmWv tkmWn-bpsS ssk_À tjm«v DSC-QX10Dw DSC-QX100Dw. sshss^ IWIvj\mbXpsImv t^mWntem Sm_veäntem ]nSn-¸n¡msX Xs¶ Ch D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. 18 saKm-]n-Ivk dk-eq-j\pw 25-þ250 mm se³kp-apÅ DSC-QX10 Iymadbv¡v 250 tUmf-dmWv (17000 cq]-tbmfw) BWv hne. Im shdpw se³kv am{X-am-sWt¶ tXm¶p. 1440 x 1080 sskkn (sk-¡ân 30 s{^bnw) hoUn-tbmbpw FSp-¡mw. Iyma-dbv¡p kz´-ambn ^vfmjv CÃm-¯Xv Hcp t]mcm-bva-bm-Wv. B³t{Um-bvUn\p ]pdsa sFt^mWpw sFt]m- Up- ambn _Ôn- ¸ n- ¡ m³ Ign- b p- s a- ¦ nepw hn³tUmkv t^mWp-I-fp-ambn _Ôn¸n-¡m-\pÅ kuIcyw Xev¡m-e-an-Ã. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡v www.sony.co.in/product/dsc-qx10 kµÀin-¡p-I.
]£n-I-fpsS t¢mkv-þ-A]v FSp-¡m³ t_ÀUv t^mt«m _q¯v (Bird Photo Booth) ]£n-I-fpsS t^mt«m FSp-¡p-¶Xv shdpw Ip«n-¡-fn-bmbn amäp¶ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv. ]£n-IÄ¡n-jvS-apÅ [m\y-§Ä CXn C«p-sh-¡p-I. H¸w CXnse Iymadm aun Hcp Iyma-dbpw sh¡p-I. km[m-cW Iyma-d-bv¡p-Å-ku-Icyw XXv¡mew CÃ. sFt^m¬, sFt]mUv S¨v, tKm t{]m F¶nh Bhmw. _q¯nse amt{Im-se³kv IrXyambn Iyma-d-bpsS se³kn\p ap¶n ^näm-bn-t¡m-fpw. C\n GsX-¦nepw Hcp sshþss^ kuI- c yapÅ Sm»äv PCtbm kvamÀ«v t^mtWm D]tbm- K n¨v Bh- i y- a pÅt¸mÄ th t^mt«m-IÄ FSp-¡mw. 150 tUmfÀ (10000 cq]tbm-fw) hne-bpÅ Cu D]-I-c-W-s¯-¸än IqSpX Adn-bm³ BirdPhotoBooth.com kµÀin-¡p-I. 37
UnPn-ä t^mt«m-{Km^n ]T\w
UnPn-ä Iymad Imen-t{_-j³ taml-\³ Ing-¡pw-]p-d¯v
BapJw GsXmcp t^mt«m- { Km- ^ - s dbpw kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fhpw sN¿p¶ sXmgn-en {]mhoWyw t\Sn _Ôs¸« AXXv taJ-e-I-fn {it²-b\mbn XocpI AXp-hgn kaql\·bv¡mbn Ign-hp-Isf hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡pI-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. Hcp s]mXp-k-aq-l¯nsâ Gähpw ap³h- c n- b n \n¡p¶ BÄ F¶ \ne-bn s{]m^-j-W t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ {]tXyIw {i²n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Xsâ I¿n- e pÅ D]- I - c - W - ¯ nÂ\n¶pw hcp¶ Nn{X-§Ä IrXy-amb \nd-¯nepw, hyà-amb t^m¡-Ênw-Kn-epw, ]qÀ®-amb {]Imi kwhn-[m-\-¯nep-am-sW¶v Dd¸v hcp-t¯--Xp-v. AXn-\mbn GXv Iymad Bbn-cp¶mepw Bcp- t Sbpw klmbw IqSmsX Xs¶ kz´-ambn Iment{_äv sN¿mw. taÂ{]-kvXm-hn¨ Imcy-§-fn ]qÀ®-Xr-]vX-\m-sW¦n bmsXmcp a\-t¢-i-hp-an-ÃmsX Nn{Xo-I-cWw XpS-§-s«.
UnPn-ä Iymad Imen-t{_-j³
Imen-t{_-j\p ap¼mbn t^mt«m-{Km^À Nne Imcy-§Ä HmÀt¡--XmWv. \n§-fpsS Bh-i-yw F´mtWm AXn- \- \p- k- cn¨v skäv sN¿p- I, FÃm Bh-iy-§Ä¡p-ambn s]mXphmb Hcp skän§v km[y- a- Ã. F¶m aq¶v hn[-¯n sshäv _me³kv skäv sN¿m³ I¼\n Xs¶ kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡n-bn-«p-v. (1) Bt«m sshäv _me³kv (2) {]nþ-skäv sshäv _me³kv, (3) am\p-h sshäv _me³kv þ Bh-iyhpw kml-Ncyhpw t\m¡n CXn GXp-th-W-sa¦nepw sXc- sª- Sp- ¡mw. ]s£ shfn-¨-¯nsâ hnhn[ kmh-`m-h§fpw Iyma-d-bpsS sseäv aoäÀ AYhm {]Im-i-am-]n-\nbpw IrXy-XtbmsS ssIIm-cyw sN¿-Ww. GsX¦nepw Hcp UnPn-ä Iymad \n§-
fpsS I¿n Ds-¦n ]n¶oSv thXv 18% t{K AS-§nb Hcp t{KImÀUm-Wv. hnhn[ I¼-\n-I-fpsS apÆm-bncw apX apI-fn-te¡v IqSnb hne-Ifn C¶v e`y-am-Wv. temI¯nse Gähpw anI¨ s{]m^-j-W Iyma-d-I-fpsS sseäv aoäÀ kwhn-[m-\§Ä 18% t{Kbn-emWv skäv sNbvXn«p-Å-sX¶v HmÀ¡p-I. BZy-ambn se³knsâ t^m¡-ÊnwKv am\p-h-em¡p-I. t^mt«m FSp-¡m³ Dt±-in¡p¶ Øes¯ sseän§v kwhn-[m\-¯n (sX-fnª ]IÂsh-fn¨w o 5200 K) bmsXmcp \nd- § fpw dn^vfIvkv sNbvXv hcp-¶n-söv Dd¸p-h-cp¯n t{K ImÀUn CjvS-apÅ Exposure ¢n¡v sN¿p-I. AXn-\p-ap¼mbn Iyma-d-bpsS t\mÀ½Â skän§mb IÌw-sshäv _me³kv GIväohm-¡p-I. (Nne Iyma-d-I-fn t\cn«v White Balance) tijw tamWn-ä-dn {]Xy-£-s¸« Nn{Xw t{K Xs¶ BtWm F¶-dn-bm³ I¿n-epÅ t{K ImÀUp-ambn XmcXayw sN¿p-I. hyXymk- ap- s- ¦n Iyma- d- bpsS sshäv _me³kn t]mbn sNdnb AUvP-Ìvsaâp-IÄ \S-¯p-I. hnhn[ sseänw-Kn FIvkvt]mkv sNbvX t{K ImÀUv Umä-IÄ {]tXyIw sa½dn- I- f- C kq£n- ¨p- sh- ¡p- I. ImcWw sshäv _me³kv amdp¶ Nne kml-N-cy-§-fn \n§Ä¡v t^mt«m FSp- t ¡nhcp- t ¼mÄ sk³k- dns\]gb kml- N- cy- ¯nte¡v sImp-h-cp-hm³ AXm-h-iyam-Wv. CsÃ-¦n aoä-dn\v sshäv Xncn¨-dnbm-\m-hmsX hcpw. C¯-c-¯n tamWn-ä-dn ImW-s¸« t{K Nn{Xw \ne-\nÀ¯n-sImv hopw sa\p FSp¯v IÌw skän-§n skäv sImSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Iyma-d-bpsS _^À sa½- d n- b n tkhv BIp- I bpw s{]m«Iväv Cta-Pn t]mbn skeIväohv CtaPv FSp-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n AhnsS 18% t{K ImÀUv \n§Ä¡38
XrÈqÀ PnÃ-bn sImSp-§-ÃqÀ kztZin-bmWv taml-\³ Ing- ¡ pw- ] p- d - ¯ v. a{Zm-knse {]i-kvXamb kvt]m«n-t^m-t«mbn \n¶pw IfÀ t^mt«m-{Km-^nbpw sIan-kv{Snbpw aäv kmt¦-Xn-I-h-i§fpw ]Tn¨ taml-\³ 2003 C´y-K-h¬saâ nsâ kmt¦-XnI hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-amb Un¸mÀ«saâv Hm^v Fen-sa³{Sn FUyp-t¡j-\n \n¶pw DbÀ¶ amÀt¡msS H¶mw dm¦n ]mÊm-bn. XpSÀ¶v Xr{]-bm-dn Hcp Kh¬saâv kmt¦XnI Øm]-\-¯n t^mt«m-{Km^n A[ym-]-I-\m-bn. Ct¸mÄ AKDA XrÈqÀPnÃm Øncw ]T-\-tI-{µw, AKPA State School of Photography
F¶n-hn-S-§-fn A[ym-]-I-\m-Wv. IqSmsX tIc-f-¯nepw Xan-gv\m«nepw \nc-h[n t^mt«m-{Km^n ¢mkpIÄ, hÀ¡vtjm-¸p-IÄ F¶nh ssIImcyw sNbvXp- h - c p- ¶ p. k v I q f p - I Ä , tI mt f - P p - I Ä , Kh¬saâv CXc Øm]-\-§Ä, kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-\-IÄ F¶n-hbv¡mbn t^mt«m-{Km^n ¢mÊv FSp¡p-¶p. t^m¬ : 93889 51018
hnsS ImWm³ km[n-¡pw. Hcp IfÀ sN¡À D]-tbm-Kn¨v t{K ]cn-tim-[n¡m\pw km[y-am-Wv. tijw sshäv _me³kn h¶v BZyw Direct Sun Lightþepw ]n¶oSv Tempþ h¶v Bh-iy-amb sIÂhn³ kvIbn sImSp-¡m\pw km[n¡pw. (hn-hn[ Iyma-d-I-fn sNdnb sNdnb hyXymk-§Ä ImWp-¶pv) \½psS Xet¨m-dn\v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ cv Uk³ If-dp-IÄ Cu ImÀUn AS-§n-bn-«p-Å-Xn-\m IfÀ Iment{_-j\v CXv Gähpw anI-¨-Xm-Ip¶p. {]tXyIw {i²n-t¡ Hcp Imcyw cmhnsebpw sshIp-t¶-c-hpapÅ 45o B¦n-fn Ncn-ªp-]-Xn¡p¶ sseän Cu doUnwKv FSp-¡mXn-cn-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. Ah-km-\ambn BZyw-sNbvX t^m¡-knwKv am\p-h-enÂ\n¶pw Bt«m (AF)bnte¡v hopw amäns¡m-Sp¯v
Nn{Xo- { IWw XpS- § p- I . sNdnb hyXym- k- §Ä Dm- bm skäv ]nIv¨À I¬t{Sm-fn-tem, ]nIvNÀ ssÌentem t]mbn Nue, Saturation, Brightness-tem t]mbn A[nIw h¶ \nd-§Ä AUvPÌv sNbvXv Ipd-¨psIm-p-h-cn-I, Bh-iy-¯n\pw ioe¯n\pw A\p-k-cn¨ Exposure sSIv\n¡p-IÄ Is-¯p-I. \m«nÂ]pds¯ an¡ NS-§p-Ifpw \oe joän-\-Sn-bnem-b-Xp-sImv, sshäv _me³kneqsS s{^bvap-IÄ Ipä-a-ä-Xm-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I. AXn-eqsS GXp-Xcw Iyma-dbpw anI¨ dnkÄ«v Xcp-Ibpw Nn{X-¯n-eqsS \n§Ä DbÀ¯n-ImWn-¡p¶ {][m\hkvXp-hn\v AXnsâ bYmÀ°-\ndw Xs¶ e`n¡p-Ibpw t^mt«m-{Km^n ck-I-c-amb Hc-\p-`-h-am¡n amäp-Ibpw sN¿p-I, Hmtcm s{^bvapw Bkz-Zn-¨p-sImv FSp-¡pI sIm¨p-sIm¨p t\m«p-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n Icp-t¯msS apt¶m«v t]mIp-I.
IfÀ sS¼-td-¨À
(hÀ®-Xm-]w) t^mt«m-{Km-^n-bn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ {]Im-i-¯nsâ khn-ti-jX Asæn kz`mhw hni- Z - a m- ¡ p- ¶ Xv AXnsâ IfÀsS-¼-td-¨-dn-eq-sS-bmWv. Hcp \nÝnX ]cn-[n-¡p-Ån XcwK- s sZÀLy- a pÅ {]Im- i - t {i- W nbmWv \½psS I®n\v tKmN-c-am-bn-«pÅ-Xv. Cu {]Im-i-t{i-Wn-bn \n¶pÛ-hn-¡p¶ \nd-§sf sk³kÀ a\Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv s]Àk-tâ-Pn (%) AYhm iX- a m- \ - I - W - ¡ n- e m- W v . C¯cw \nd- § - f psS DbÀ¨bpw XmgvNbpw IrXy-ambn \nco-£-W¯n\v hnt[-b-am-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p, 19þmw \qäm-n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ {_n«ojv `uXn- I- im- kv{X- Ú- \m- bn- cp¶ temÀUv sIÂhn³. Hcp {]tXyI temlw NqSm-¡p-t¼mÄ Db-cp¶ Xm]-\n-e-¡-\p-k-cn¨v B teml-¯n-\p-m-Ip¶ `mh-]-IÀ¨ t\m¡n- b mWv IfÀ sS¼- t d- ¨ À \nÀ®-bn-¨-Xv. `qan-bn Gä-hp-a-[nIw ImW- s ¸- S p¶ Hcp teml- a mWv Ccp¼v (Fe) (Atäm-anI kwJy 7, Atäm-anI `mcw 55, BÀ¯-\-¸-«n-Ibn F«m-as¯ {Kq¸nÂs¸« H¶mas¯ temlw). Hcp IjWw Ccp¼v De-bnÂh¨v iàn-bmbn ]gp-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn NqSv hÀ²n- ¡ p- ¶ - X n- \ - \ p- k - c n¨v BZyw Idp¸v IeÀ¶ Nph¸v \nd-hpw, hopw NqSm- ¡p- t¼mÄ Hmd- ©v, aª, F¶o \nd-§-fn-eqsS IS¶v GXmv shÅ-\n-d-t¯m-S-Sp-¡p-¶p. hopw iàn-bmbn ]gp-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ \oe- \ n- d - t ¯m- S p- I q- S nb XqshÅ {]Imiw s]mgn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw.
Ccp- ¼ n- \ p- mb Cu \nd-hy-Xymks¯ kqNn-¸n¡p-hm³ D]-tbmKn-¡p¶ kmt¦XnI ]Z- a mWv IfÀ sS¼-td-¨À AYhm hÀ®Xm- ] w. hÀ®Xm]w Af-¡m³ D]- tbm- Kn- ¡p¶ bqWn-ämWv Un{Kn sIÂhn³ o ( K). Nn{Xw (1) temlw NqSm-Ipt¼mÄ hyXy kvX \nd-§-fn-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p. t^mt«m-{Km-^n-bnepw hoUn-tbm-{Km^n-bnepw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ FÃm-¯-c¯n-ep-ap-Å {]Im-ihpw Cu hÀ®Xm-]-hp-am-bmWv Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-¶Xv. {]`m-X-¯n kqcy-\p-Zn¨v sshIpt¶cw AkvX-a-\w-h-sc-bpÅ kqcysâ hÀ®-Xm]w t\m¡n-bmÂ, Hmtcm L«-¯-ep-ap-m-Ip¶ \nd-hyXym- k - § Ä A¸- t ¸mÄ Xs¶ \½psS I®p-IÄ¡v Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\mIpw. AXm-bXv sS¼-td-¨À amdp-¶-Xn\- \ p - k- c n ¨ v \ n d h p w a m d p ¶p F¶À°w. \ap¡p Npäp-]mSpw ImWp¶ hkvXp¡-fn Gähpw IqSp-X NqSpw shfn¨hpw Xcp- ¶Xv kqcy- \m- WtÃm! kqcysâ ]c- a m- h [n ]nWv U w 18,000oKþ\mWv, F¶m I¯n-s¡mn-cn-¡p¶ Hcp sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-bpsS hÀ®-Xm]w 1800oK BWv. kqcysâ C{Xbpw AXn-Xo-{h-amb {]Imiw `qan- b n- t e¡v {]th- i n- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ BZyw A´-co-£-¯nsâ Gähpw apI-fnse tkmWmb "t{Smt¸m-kv^nbdn'tebv¡pw ]n¶oSv "kvt{Stämkv^n-bdn'te¡pw IS¶v "Ab-tWmkv^-b-dn' _lpZqcw k©-cn¨v Gähpw ASn- b nse tkmWmb "FIvtkm-^n-bdn'te¡v IS-¡p-¶p. F¶m t{Smt¸m-kv^n-b-dn h¨pXs¶ Hmtkm¬ ]mfn-IÄ {]Imis¯ ^nÂäÀ sN¿p-Ibpw hfsc C³hn-kn-_nÄ Bb amc-I-c-c-ivanIsf XS-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. CXnsâ ^eambn `qan-bn-te¡v F¯p¶ shfn- ¨ - ¯ nsâ tXmXv Xmc- X tay\Ipd-bp-¶p. a[ym-Ó-kq-cy³ kmbmÓ kqcy³ {]`m-X-kq-cy³ `qan þ hmbp-a-WvUew cmhn-tebpw sshIo«pw kqcy-c-ivanIÄ¡v IqSp-X Zqcw k©n-cn-t¡39
n-h-cp-¶p. `qan-bpsS {`a-Ww. Nn{Xw 2 Znhkw apgp- h - \ p- a pÅ kqcysâ {]Imi hnIn-c-W-¯n hyXymkw hcp- ¶ n- s Ã- ¦ nepw {]Im- i - t {km- X ÊnÂ\n¶pw \mw (`q-an) ASp¯pw AI¶pw hcp-¶-Xn-\mepw EXp-¡fpsS hyXymkw aqehpw IfÀ sS¼-td¨-dn amä-§Ä hcp-¶p. GXp-Im-em-hØ- b nepw A´- c o- £ - ¯ n- e qsS hcp¶ XqshÅ {]Im-ihpw \oem-Imi- ¯ nsâ \oe- \ n- d hpw tNÀ¶ XqshÅ {]Im-i-amWv t^mt«m-{Km^nsb kw_-Ôn¨ sshäv sseäv. o CXnsâ hÀ®-Xm]w 5200 Kþ\m-Wv. Cu shfn-¨s¯ Xpe\w sNbvXmWv UnPn-ä Iyma-d-I-fpsS sk³k-dpIÄ IrXy-ambn cq]-IÂ]\sNbvXn«p-Å-Xv. 380 NM (\mt\m aoä-dn-\pw) 760 NM\pw CS-bn DbÀ¶ XcwK ssZÀLy-ap-Å, I®p-sImv ImWm³ Ign-bp¶ CeIvt{SmamáänIv kvs]Iv{Sw DÅ-Xn-\m shfn-¨t¯bpw AXp- m- ¡p¶ \nd- §tfbpw hyà-ambn ImWm³ Ign-bp¶p. I®p-sImv ImWm-hp-¶-Xpw, ImWm³ Ign-bm-¯-Xp-amb civan-IÄ Xmsg ImWp¶ ]«nI t\m¡n a\-Ênem-¡p-I. Electromagnetic Spectrum XpScpw ASp¯ e¡w: ^b t^mÀamäpw ]nIv¨À Izmfn-änbpw sXc-sª-Sp¡mw.
A´m-cmjv{S
t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c-§Ä A´m-cmjv{S t^mt«m-{Kman aÕ-c-§fpw AJn-te´ym t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c-§fpw H«-\-h[n Øe§-fn \S-¡p-¶p-v. Ch-bpsS \S-¯n¸p kw_-Ô-amb IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä t\cn«p _Ô-s¸-«m am{Xta \ap¡v e`n-¡p. s^U-td-j³ Hm^v C´y³ t^mt«m-{Km-^n-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-apÅ aÕ-c-§fpsS \S-¯n¸v F^v.-sF.-]n.-bpsS IÀi-\-amb taÂt\m-«-¯nepw ISp¯ \n_-Ô-\-IÄ¡v hnt[-bambpw \S-¯p-¶-h-bm-b-Xp-sImv ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v \oXn-]qÀÆ-amb hn[n-\nÀ®bhpw ka-b-_Ôn-X-amb kphn-\oÀ {]Im-i-\hpw {]Xo-£n-¡mw. F¦nepw Hmtcm aÕ-c-¯n-sâbpw \nb-am-h-en-Ifpw hn`m-K-§fpw AXmXp aÕ-c-¯nsâ `mc-hm-ln-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸t«m Ah-cpsS sh_vsskäv kµÀint¨m am{Xta Dd¸p hcp-¯m-\m-Iq. ]e aÕ-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Sn ^o Dm-bn-cn-¡pw. F³{Sn ^o CÃmsX \S¯-s¸-¶-hbpw Dv. F³{Sn ^o sN¡p-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-¡p¶ k{¼-Zmbw CÃ. Un.-Un.-bmtbm A¡uv {Sm³kv^À hgn-bmtbm am{Xta F³{Sn ^o sImSp-¡m-\m-Iq. t^mt«m {]nâp-IÄ Ab-t¡ aÕ-c-am-sW-¦nÂ, hfsc {i²n¨v bm{Xm-at²y tISp-h-cm-¯-hn[w ]m¡v sNbvXv, ]qcn-¸n¨ F³{Sn t^mapw F³{Sn ^o AS-¨-Xnsâ hnh-c-§fpw klnXw thWw F³{Sn-IÄ Ab-¡m³.
s^U-td-j³ Hm^v C´y³ t^mt«m-{Km^n-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-apÅ A´m-cmjv{S t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c-§Ä aq¶mw JPS CâÀ\m-j-W kme¬ 2014, tPm[v]qÀ, aÕ-c-¯nsâ t¢mknMv XnbXn 2014 amÀ¨v 10 BWv. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Snt^m-an\pw 09829212909 F¶ \¼-dn Ramji Vyas F¶-bmsf hnfn-¡p-I. cmw UnPn t^m¡kv CâÀ\m-j-W kme¬ aÕc-¯nsâ t¢mknMv XnbXn 2014 s^{_p-hcn 10 BWv. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Sn-t^m-an\pw 09433812930 F¶ \¼-dn Abhijit Dev F¶-bmsf hnfn-¡p-I. cmw dn^vfIvj³ CâÀ\m-j-W UnPn-ä kme¬ 2014 aÕ-c-¯nsâ t¢mknMv XobXn 2014 amÀ¨v 31 BWv. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Sn t^man\pw 09163040357, 08017782267 F¶ \¼-dp-I-fn GXnse¦nepw Paromita Lahiri F¶-bmsf hnfn-¡p-I. ]¯mw t^mt«m ethgvkv CâÀ\m-j-W kÀIyq«v aÕ-c-¯nsâ t¢mknMv XobXn 23-þ12-þ2013 BWv. 09981866656 F¶ \¼-dn Summit Saksena F¶-bmsf hnfn-¡p-Itbm www.photolovers.org kµÀin-¡p-Itbm sN¿p-I. s^U-td-j³ Hm^v C´y³ t^mt«m-{Km^n t\cn«p \S¯p¶ BZy CâÀ\m-j-W {]nsâ kÀIyq«v aÕ-c¯nsâ t¢mknMv XnbXn 2014 s^{_p-hcn 20 BWv. IqSp-X hnh-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Sn t^man\pw 09835021092 F¶ \¼-dn tUm. _n.-sI. kn³l-sb-¶-bmsf hnfn¡p-Itbm federationofindianphotography@gmail.com kµÀin-¡p-Itbm sN¿p-I. cmw EMPA CâÀ \mj-W UnPnä kme¬ aÕ-c¯nsâ t¢mknMv XobXn 2014 amÀ¨v 15 BWv. IqSpX hnh-c-§Ä¡pw F³{Sn t^man\pw 09733707550 F¶ \¼-dn Santhosh Kumar Jana F¶-bmsf hnfn¡p-I.
s^U-td-j³ Hm^v C´y³ t^mt«m-{Km-^n-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-apÅ AJn-te´ym aÕ-cw 16-þmw \nlm-cnIm ¹män\w Pq_nen AJn-te´ym kme¬ 16-þ12-þ2013-þ t¢mkv sN¿pw. 07926580843 F¶ \¼-dn Surendra Patel F¶-bmsf hnfn-¡pItbm niharikaphoto75@gmail.com sabn Ab-¡pItbm sNbvXm IqSp-X hnh-c-§fpw F³{Snt^mapw e`n-¡pw.
DUBAI PHOTO CONTEST Closing on December 31, 2013, Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum International Photography Award. Hosted by: Crown Prince of Dubai. Eligibility: 18 + No Entry Fee Cash prize of $120,000. Categories are: Creating the Future, Street Life, Blackand-White and general (open)Each photographer can enter four photos, one in each category. For Rules log on to http://www.hipa.ae/en/creating-the-future-2013-2014/rules
SONY WORLD PHOTOGRAPHY AWARDS 2014 Closing date 6th January, 2014. There is no entry fee. You can send a total of 3 photos , Categories: Architecture, Arts and Culture, Enhanced, Split Second, Low light, Nature and Wildlife, Panoramic, People, Smile and travel. Winner of the best overall photograph will receive: Title of “Sony World Photography Awards Open Photographer of The Year” $5,000. Winning image showcased in the London exhibition and the winners book Flights to London, 2 nights accommodation in a hotel and VIP tickets to attend the Sony World Photography Awards gala ceremony in April 2014. Digital SLR camera equipment from Sony. For more details: http://worldphoto.org/competitions/sony-world-photographyawards-2014-open-competition/
THE ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE Closing on December 30, 2013. Hosted by: FIER Institute. Theme: Other, Entry Fee: First 3 images: $40.00. AWARDS: First: $1000.00 (AU), Second: $500.00 (AU), Third: $250.00 (AU) For details: http://www.theworldfamily.net/the-world-landscape
BLACK & WHITE PORTFOLIO Closing on December 31, 2013. Hosted by: Black & White Magazine, Entry Fee: $45 for the 1st portfolio, 28 Spotlight winners will be featured photographers in issues of Black & White in 2014 and 2015. 20 Excellence winners will have their work featured in four-page spreads in the August 2014 Portfolio Contest Special Issue. 80 Merit winners will have their work featured in two-page spreads in the August . 2014 Portfolio Contest Special Issue. For details: http://www.bandwmag.com/contest-info/7 41
ImSpw t^mt«m{-Km^pw
sN¼³ apų tImgn F³.-F. \koÀ
""Hcp Xpd¶ CS-¯n \n¶pw h\y-Po-hn-Isf Iyma-d-bn-tebv¡v ]IÀ¯p¶ A\p-`-h-§-tf-¡mÄ F{Xtbm Cc-«n-bmWv sjbvUp-I-fnepw kqcy-{]-Imiw Xosc IS-¶p-sN-Ãm¯ h\-`q-an-bnÂ\n¶pw jq«v sN¿p-t¼mÄ e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. At¸m-gmWv Hmtcm s{^bn-ap-I-fDw Hmtcm ]mT-§-fmbn amdp-¶-Xv.''
{]`m-X-In-c-W-§Ä h\-¯n-\p-tase ]Xn-bp-¶-Xn-\p-aps¼ AhnsS F¯n-bn-cp-¶p. cm{Xn apgps¡ ag-bm-bn-cp-¶-XpsImv ImSmsI \\-hmÀ¶p-In-S-¶p. A«-IÄ¡v R§-fpsS km¶n²yw ]pXnb DWÀth-In. Ah ]mZ-§-fn-tebv¡v Ib-dn-sIm-n-cp-¶p. {]Imiw Xosc-bn-Ã. Fsâ 400 Fw.-Fw. se³knsâ A¸À¨À F^v 2.8 tebv¡v sImp-h-¶p. ss{St]m-Un se³kv Dd-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. a®nse ]mWÂsN-Sn-IÄ¡v tNm«n-eqsS BZyw F¯n-bXv ]qh³tIm-gn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. BZys¯ s{^bnw ¢n¡v sNbvXp. j«À kv]oUv 30Dw A¸À¨À 2.8Dw! hopw XpSsc XpSsc ¢n¡v sNbvXp. I®n Xs¶ t^m¡kv sNbvXp-sIm-s-bncp-¶p. Nne thf-I-fn Nen-¡msX Hcp \nanjw AXv \ne¡pw. AXv IrXy-ambn Rm³ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-m-bn-cp¶p. Xosc Ipdª j«À kv]oUn Nen-¡p¶ hkvXp-hns\ hyà-X-tbmsS ]IÀ¯p-hm-\m-In-Ã-tÃm.
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sdUv HmIvssk-Un³sc \ndhpw Imep-I-fnse apÅp-Ifpw Xe-bnse Idp-s¯mcp sXm¸nbpw Hs¡-¡qSn tImgnsb at\m-l-c-am-¡n-XoÀ¯p. Imep-I-fnse apÅp-IÄ km[m-cW tImgn-bp-tS-XnÂ\n¶pw IqSp-X-epm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-bpsS skÂ^v Un^³kn-\pÅ Bbp-[hpw AXp-Xs¶. s]mSp-¶-s\-bmWv ]nS-t¡mgn At§m-s«-¯n-b-Xv. AXv saäm-en¡v tKmÄUv \ndhpw ]pÅn-I-fp-sams¡ tNÀ¶v at\m-lcn Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p ]qh³tIm-gn-tb-¡mÄ Gsd Icp-Xtem-sS-bm-bn-cp¶p AXnsâ Hmtcm \o¡-§-fpw. CS-s¡m¶p hoWp-In-S¡p¶ Ce-I-fn Imep-IÄ D]-tbmKn¨v NnI-bp-Ibpw Fs´-¦nepw Hcp {]mWn-sbtbm asäm sIm¡n-em-¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ]n¶oSv Npäp-]m-Sp-IÄ {i²n-¡pw. Nnd-Ip-IÄ tImXn-`w-Knbm-¡pw. hopw kq£va-X-tbmsS Xd-bn Cc-tX-Spw. Aev]-k-a-b-¯n-\p-Ån asämcp tPmUn apų tImgn-IÄ IqSn Øe-s¯-¯n. {]Im-i-¯nÂ
t\cnb hÀ²-\-hp-m-bn. Gsd AcnIn-emWv B tImgn-IÄ \n¶Xp ImcWw Ahsb Hcp-an-s¨mcp s{^bn-an-\p-Ån B¡p-hm³ km[n¨n-Ã. C¯cw kµÀ`-§-fn cm-asXmcp Iyma-dbpw Hcp kqw
se³kpw IqSn Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. Chsb an¡ ImSp-I-fnepw Rm³ In-«p-s-¦nepw Ah-sbms¡ Gsd AIew ]men-¨n-cp-¶p. apXp-ae-bnse koKpÀ ]pg-tbm-c¯v ]Xn\©v hÀjw-ap¼v Hcn-¡Â In-«pv. Nn®m-dpw, hmg-¨m-epw, tX¡-Snbpw, ]d-¼n-¡p-f¯psams¡ ImWmdp-v. Xt«-¡mSv Iptd-IqSn ImWpI Ffp-¸-am-Wv. i_vZn-¨p-sImv ]d-¶I-ep¶ kz`m-h-ap-v. hb-\m-Sp-sh¨v apfwIm-Sn-\n-S-bn AS-bn-cn-¡p¶ Hcp ]nS-tIm-gnsb In«p-v. t^mt«m FSp-¡p-hm\mbn A¶v {ian-¨n-Ã. ssIh-i-at¸mÄ sNdn-sbmcp kqw se³kp am{X-am-bn-cp¶p Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. AXpw-h¨v B tImgn-bpsS Acn-Inse-¯n-bm AXv ]d-¶-I-epw. IqSmsX Nne-t¸mÄ Ipªp-§-fm-bncn¡pw ASn-bn ImWp-I. ]cn-{`-an¨h At§m«pw Ct§m«pw HmSpItbm atä-sX-¦nepw Pohn-bpsS Ccbmbn Xocp-Itbm sN¿pw. ]n¶o-sSt¸m-sg-¦nepw \à Nn{Xw In«p-sa¶ hnizm-k-t¯msS XncnsI t]m¶p.
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s\Ãn-bm-¼-Xn-bn Chsb ]nSn¡p-hm-\pÅ sIWn-IÄ Hcp-¡n-h-¨ncp-¶Xv Hcp bm{X-bn ImWp-Ibpw Ah \in¸n¨p If-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-t]mse ]m¼m-Spwtjme \mj-W ]mÀ¡n-\-cn-In ]pÂssX-e-¯n-\mbn "sea¬ {Kmkv' sh«p-hm-\mbn h¶-hÀ Im«ptIm-gn-Isf ]nSn-¡p-hm-\mbn Iptdtbsd {]tXyI coXn-bn-epÅ Ip«t]m-epÅ sIWn-IÄ h¨n-cn-¡p¶Xpw Rm\pw kplr¯v tXmamkpw \in-¸n-¨p-I-fn-ªn-«p-v. Hcn-¡Â apf-Ip-Xd apXp-hm-IpSnbn sN¶-t¸mÄ cp Im«p-tIm-gn-Ipªp-§sf AhnsS hfÀ¯p-¶Xp Ip.
DW-cp-¶-Xv. sN¼³ apų tImgnI-tfbpw ImWm-dp-v. ag-¡mew h¶-t¸mÄ Ah-bvs¡ms¡ IqSpX Xoä e`n-¨p-Xp-S-§n. Ignª Znhkw ]peÀs¨ IXv Hcm-bncw Cu¿-ep-IÄ `qan Xpd¶p ]d-¡p-¶p. Ahbv¡v ]n¶mse Im«p-tIm-gn-Ifpw aäp ]£n-Ifpw agbpw aªpw shbn-ep-sams¡ Hmtcm Xc-¯n Ch-bvs¡ms¡ Blmcw F¯n-¨psIm-Sp-¡p-¶p-v. th\Â, aªv
Ime-§-fn-emWv ]pgp-¡Ä IqSp-Xembn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXp-t]mse Nne kky-§-fpsS hn¯pIfpw B Ime¯v ]£n-IÄ¡v e`n-¡p-¶p. ""h\y-Pohn t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ t^mt«m-{Km-^n¡p sImSp-¡p¶ {]m[m-\y-t¯-¡mÄ D]cn h\y-Po-hnI-fpsS kz`m-h-§fpw Ah-bpsS hmk-bn-S-§-fpsS \ne-\nev]pw a\Ên-em-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.''
sN¼³ apų tImgn - Red Spurfowl imkv{X-\maw þ Galloperdix Spadicea {]tXy-IX þ Im«p-tIm-gn-tb-¡mÄ sNdp-Xv. B¬ ]£n sN¼³ \ndhpw Imep-I-fn apÅp-IÄ IqSp-X-embn ImWpw. s]¬]£n teml-¯nÂXoÀ¯-t]mse ]pÅn-I-tfmsS ImWpw. hm CSbv¡v hni-dn-t]m-sebpw ImW-s¸-Spw.
Im«n-eqsS k©-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Chsbms¡ AS-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xp ]et¸mgpw In-«p-v. At¸m-sgms¡ \ni-_vZ-ambn amdn \S-¡p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. Ccn-¡p¶ ]£n-Isf IsÃdnªp ]d-¸n¨p t^mt«m-{Km^n sN¿p¶ h\y-Pohn t^mt«m-{Km^Àamcpw \½Ä¡n-S-bn Dv tIt«m!
Blmcw þ Iran-Io-S-§Ä, Nne ]p hn¯p-IÄ, Nne sNSn-IfpsS ]q¡fpw IXn-cpw. t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ Icp-tX ]pkvXIw þ Birds of Kerala Status and Distribution
CsX-gp-Xp-t¼mgpw ImSn\p \Sp-hnemWv. Hmtcm {]`m-X-§fpw Im«ptIm-gn-I-fpsS DZ-b-KoXw tI«mWv 45
A\p-_Ô D]-I-c-W-§Ä
Im\¬
200 - 400 MM F/4 L IS USM Extender 1.4 X
Iyma-d-bn-em-bmepw se³kn-embmepw ]pXnb ]co-£-W-§Ä \S¯p-Ibpw AXn-eqsS ]pXp-a-bmÀ¶ tamU-ep-IÄ krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-hÀt¡ C¶v \ne-\n¡m\m-hq. CXv FÃm I¬kyq-aÀ D]-Ic-W-§Ä¡pw _m[-I-amb AXn-Poh\XXz-amWv. CXv km[q-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp PK-s]mI kqw se³kn-s\-¸-änbmWv C\n ]d-bm³ t]mhp-¶-Xv. s]mXpth 70-þ200, 75-þ300, 100-þ300 an.ao. kqw se³kp-IÄ ]nIvtNm-dnbÂ, t\¨À t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Xc¯nÂs¸-«-h-bm-Wv. Ch-bv¡-¸pdw AXm-bXv 100-þ400, 150-þ500, 200-þ400 an.-ao. t^m¡Â eMvXv DÅh s]mXpth sshÂUv sse^v t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-cp-tSbpw t_ÀUvkv t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-cptSbpw _mKp-Ifnte ImWm-dp-Åp.
Ch-bnÂXs¶ Xe-sb-Sp¸v Aev]w IqSp-X-ep-f-f-h-cmWv 200-þ400 an.-ao. kqap-IÄ. {]tXy-In¨v F/4 ]c-am-h[n A¸À¨À DÅ-hÀ. hfsc Ipd¨p I¼-\n-IÄ am{Xw amäp-c-bv¡p¶ Cu cwKs¯ Gähpw tIa-\mWv Im\¬ CubnsS ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb 200-400 mm F/4 L IS USM 1.4 Extender kqw se³kv. temI-¯n-em-Zy-ambn _nÂäv C³ Bbn 1.4 sSen FIv̳UÀ LSn¸n¨ se³km-Wn-Xv. shdpsX se³knsâ Aä¯v H«n-¨p-h-¨t]mse sSen FIv̳UÀ LSn-¸n¡p-I-bà Im\¬ sNbvX-Xv. adn¨v Cu sSen FIv̳U-dns\Bh-iym\p-k-cWw se³knsâ H]vSn-¡Â ]m¯n-t\mSv ({]-Im-i-]m-X) tNÀ¡m\pw amäm\pw Ign-bp¶ hn[¯n se³kv _mc-en-\-I¯v {IaoI-cn¨v Hdd se³kmbn ]pd-¯n-d-¡p46
I-bmWv Im\¬ sNbvX-Xv. se³kv aun\v kao]w {Iao-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ sNdn-sbmcp enhÀ DbÀ¯n Xncnbv¡p-¶-tXmsS Cu ^pÄs{^bnw 200-þ400 an.-ao. kqw se³kv Hcp 280þ560 an.-ao. kqw sse³kmbn amdpw! enh-dns\]qÀÆØnXn-bn-em-¡pt¼mÄ se³kv ]g-b-t]mse 200-þ400 an.-ao. kqambpw amdpw. tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ \nÊm-c-sa¶p tXm¶p¶ Cu kwKXn {]mtbm-KnI Xe-¯n AXoh {]bm-k-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv. ImcWw se³kn-eqsS IS-¶p-h-cp¶ {]Im-i-¯nsâ ]mXsb H«pw Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯msX thWw 1.4X sSen-F-Iv̳j³ (sSen I¬thÀj³) km[y-am-¡p¶ se³kp-Isf _mc-en-\-I¯v Xs¶ Hcp-`m-K¯v HXp-¡n-\nÀ¯m³. am{Xaà enhÀ DbÀ¯pt¼mÄ HXp-¡n\nÀ¯nb se³kp-IÄ IrXy-ambn {]Im-i-]m-Xbn hcn-Ibpw thWw.
kPn Nq-bpsS "tkmÄ Hm^v ae-_mÀ'
Chn-sS-bmWv Im\-Wnsâ F©n-\ob-dn§v ssh`h-¯n\p ap¼n \mw \an-¨p-t]m-hp-¶-Xv. 2012-þse e³ Hfn-¼n-Ivknepw ]mcokv FbÀtjmbnepw ]s¦-Sp¯v anIhv Dd-¸m-¡nbmWv cv hÀj-¡mew \o ]co£W \nco-£-W-§Äs¡mSp-hn Cu se³kv t^mt«m-{Km-^Àam-cpsS ssII-fn-te¡v F¯p-¶-Xv. 25 se³kv Fe-saâp-Isf 20 {Kq¸m¡n Xncn-¨mWv 200-þ400 an.-ao. t^m¡Â eMvXv e`y-am-¡p¶ ASnØm\LS-\-bn Im\¬ {Iao-I-cn¨n-«p-Å-Xv. CtXm-sSm¸w thsd 8 se³kv Fe-saâp-Isf 4 {Kq¸m¡n Xncn-¨mWv BZy se³kp-I-fpsS {]Im-i-]m-Xbv¡v `wKw hcmsX se³kv _mc-ensâ Hcp `mK¯v HXp¡n Hfn-¸n¨v \nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. enhÀ Xncn-¡p-¶-tXmsS 33 se³kv Fe-saâp-Isf 24 {Kq¸m¡n {Iao-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å Hä se³kmbn CXv amdpw. ^pÄ s{^bnw Im\¬ SLR Iyma-d-I-fn 280-þ560 an.-ao. (FIv̳jy CÃmsX 200-þ400 an.-ao.) kqw se³kmbn anI¨ Zriy-§Ä \ÂIp¶ Cu anSp-¡³ Im\-Wnsâ APS-C sskkv sk³k-dpÅ Iyma-dI-fn 450-þ900 an.-ao. (F-Iv̳j³ CÃmsX 320-þ640 an.-ao.) t^m¡Â eMvXn\p kam-\-amb Zriy-]-cn[n \ÂIpw. G¨p-sI-«n-bm apg-¨n-cn-¡p-sa¶mWv ]d-bm-dp-Å-sX-¦nepw H«pw A`w-Kn-bn-Ãm-sX-bmWv Cu se³kns\Im\¬ AWn-bn-s¨m-cp¡n-bn-«p-f-f-Xv. FIv̳j³ \ÂIp¶ enhÀ kwhn-[-m-\s¯ tem¡v sN¿m-\pÅ kuI-cyhpw t^m¡-kns\ 2 aoä-dn\pw 6 aoädn\pw CS-bn enanäv sN¿m-\pÅ kzn¨pw Cu se³kn-ep-v. 4 tÌm]v CtaPv Ì_n-sse-tk-j-\mWv Cu se³kn\v Im\-Wnsâ hmKvZm-\w. 90 Un{Kn-bn ¢n¡v tÌm¸p-ÅXpw FSp-¯p-am-äm³ Ign-bm-¯-Xp-amb {Snt¸mUv tImfdpw Cu se³kn-epv. 2 aoä-dmWv Ipdª t^m¡kv Zqcw. t{Um]v C³ ^nÂä-dp-I-fmWv CXn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I. ]uÆÀ t^m¡kv kuI-cyhpw Cu se³knep-v. shXÀ koen-t§msS aáojyw Atem-bvsImv \nÀ½n¨ Cu se³knsâ `mcw 3.6 In.-{Kmapw hne Ggc e£w cq]-bp-am-Wv.
Xsâ Iyma-d-bp-ambn hS-t¡-a-e-_m-dnse {Kma§-fn-eqsS k©-cn¨ bph-t^m-t«m-{Km-^À kPnNq Xm³ I-sXÃmw angn-hpä Nn{X-§-fm¡n ]IÀ¯n. C¡-gnª \hw-_À 11 apX 13 hsc efn-X-I-em-A-¡m-Zan BÀ«v Kyme-dn-bmb FdWm-Ipfw UÀ_mÀ lmfn kPn-\-S-¯nb GImwK {]ZÀi\w Xsâ krãyp-·p-J-X-bpsS Hcp ]cn-tÑ-Z-am-bn-cp-¶p. PohnX Nn{X-§-fpw, {]Ir-Xn-Zr-i - y-§-fpw, sX¿hpw aäp-ambn tNtXml-c-amb Nn{X-§-fpsS {]ZÀi\w Ht«sd t]sc BIÀjn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.
Bhn-jv¡mÀ 2013 t^mt«m{Km^nsb hyXy-kvX-amb ImgvN¸m-Sn-eqsS ImWp-¶, XrÈqÀ BØm-\ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶, Hcp kwLw sNdp-¸¡m- c psS F«m- a Xp {]ZÀi\w "Bhnjv¡mÀ 2013' 2013 \hw-_À 12 apX 18 hsc XrÈqÀ tIcfm efnX Iem A¡m-Z-an-lm-fn \S-¶p. efn-X-I-em-A-¡m-Zan sk{I-«dn {io {io aqe-\Kcw taml³ DZvLm-S\w sNbvX {]ZÀi-\-¯n cmtPjv \m«n-I, cmP³ IpäqÀ, Ac-hn-µ³ aW-en, apl-½Zv km^n, {]Zo]v Ip¶¯v F¶n-h-cpsS cN-\-I-fm-bn-cp¶p DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. A´-cn¨ sI.-sP. hn³skânsâ kvac-W-bv¡mbn kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xm-bn-cp¶p {]ZÀi-\w.
hn³skâ v tamWm-enk t^mt«m-{Km^n AhmÀUv tPXm-¡Ä Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃm kt½-f-\-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v \S-¯nb 9þm-aXv hn³kâ v tamWm-enk AhmÀUp-IÄ {]Jym-]n-¨p. H¶mw k½m-\w þ {io. kXy³ Fw. XriqÀ. cmw. k½m\w þ {]ho¬ t]mÄ XriqÀ. aq¶mw k½m\w þ sI.-_n. Kncojv, XriqÀ, t{]mÕm-l\ k½m\¯n\v _nPp knt\m-c, A¼nfn {]h-Z, IrjvW³ Be-¸p-g, A\n shÌ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, _nPp amXyp Fd-Wm-Ipfw F¶n-hÀ AÀl-cmbn
Zriy-{]-Xn`m ]pc-kvImcw Be-¸pg PnÃm-k-t½-f-\-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v \S-¯nb sXcphv PohnXw F¶ hnj-b-¯n kwØm\ Xe-¯n \S-¯nb t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c¯n tPmjn aªp-½Â H¶mw k½m-\w, {]mim´ ]«³, I®qÀ cmw k½m-\w, dm^n Fw. tZh-Ên, XrÈqÀ aq¶mw Øm\-¯n\v AÀl-cm-bn. _nPp tPmÀPv tNÀ¯-e, k¡oÀ kn. Fw. XriqÀ, k¨n hn.kn. Rmd-¡Â, A¼nfn {]hZ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, cta-iv \m-bÀ Xr¸-bmÀ F¶n-hÀ t{]mÕml\ k½m-\-¯n\v AÀl-cm-bn.
a\p-jy\pw ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw aÕ-c-hn-P-bn-IÄ XrÈqÀ PnÃm-k-t½-f-\-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v \S-¯nb t^mt«m-{Km^n aÕ-c¯n H¶mw k½m\w jmPn tNÀ¯-e, cmw k½m\w j¡oÀ kn.-Fw. hmSm-\-¸n-Ån, aq¶mw k½m\w knan sI. \mbÀ XrÈqÀ. kPn BXn-c, kµo]v ]pjv¡À, Acn-hn-µ³ aW-en, A¿-¸³ {]W-aw, kµo]v \¼q-Xncn F¶n-hÀ t{]mÕm-l\ k½m-\-¯n\v AÀl-cm-bn. 47
BÀ¡vtkm^väv ]t\m-ca ta¡À hncÂXp-¼¯v A\m-bmk Nn{X-kw-tbm-P\w hnim-e-amb {]IrXn Zriy-§-fpw, \K-c-hn-l-K-ho£-W-§fpw slmdn-tkm¬U-embpw Aw_-cNpw-_n-I-fmb sI«n-S-§fpw D¶-X-§-fn \n¶pw ]Xn-¡p¶ shÅ-¨m-«-§fpw aäpw shÀ«n-¡embpw tNÀ¯p-sh¨v km[m-cW ]t\m-c-a-Ifpw 360 Un{Kn ]t\m-c-a-Ifpw {XoUn ]t\m-c-a-Ifpw Dm¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ Gähpw {]tbm-K-e-fnXhpw kuI-cy-{]-Z-hpamb tkm^vävshb-dmWv BÀ¡v tkm^väv ]t\m-ca ta¡À. Iyma-dbnÂ\n- t¶m, t^mWn \nt¶m, lmÀUv ss{UhnÂ\n-t¶m, kvIm\-dnÂ\n-t¶m, sa½-dnImÀUnÂ\n-t¶m, s\änÂ\nt¶m t^mt«m-IÄ Uu¬temUv sN¿m-sa-¶-Xpw, Iq«n-t¨À¡p-¶Xn\p ap¼v AXym-h-iyw th-Xmb FUn-än§v (t{Im-¸nw-Kv, ss{_äv\Êv icn-bm-¡Â XpS-§n-bh) sN¿m-sa-¶-Xpw, Htc-k-abw H¶n-e-[nIw kv{Io\p-I-fn-te¡v hym]n-¸n¨v ImWm-sa-¶-Xpw, aäpw Cu tkm^vävshb-dnsâ BIÀj-Wo-b-X-Ifm-Wv. hftc thK-¯n Ìn¨nwKv km[y-am¡p¶ Cu tkm^vävshb-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨v IqSp-X hnh-c-§fpw {SbÂthÀj\pw www.arcsoft.com / panorama_maker F¶ sh_vssk-än e`n-¡pw.
_mä-dn-I-fpsS Bbp-Êp-Iq-«m³ doNmÀÖv sN¿p¶ _mä-dn-I-fpsS BbpÊp hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv Hmtcm t^mt«m-{Km-^À¡pw {]nbs¸« Imcy-am-Wv. F¶m AXn\v Fs´ms¡ {i²n- ¡ - W - s a- ¶ Xv an¡ t^mt«m-{Km-^ÀamÀ¡pw Adnbn-Ã. ssehv hyqbpw (tam-Wn-ä-dn Ip-sImv FSp-¡p-¶-Xv) dnhyq (F-Sp¯ t^mt«m-IÄ ]n¶oSv t\m¡p-¶-Xv)-bpw Ipd¨pw kv]oUv IqSnb ImÀUp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨pw knwKnÄ Bt«m-t^m-¡kv kuIcyw am{Xw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯nbpw Ipsd-tbsd NmÀÖv em`n¡m-sa-¦nepw Ch IqSmsX _mä-dnbpsS BbpÊv Iq«m³ Nne Imcy§Ä {i²n-¡p-¶Xv \Ã-Xm-Wv. _mä-dn-IÄ NmÀÖv sN¿p¶ coXnbmWv {i²n-t¡ Hcp Imcyw. NmÀÖpÅ _mä- d n- b m- b mepw hm§n-b-tijw ^pf-fmbn NmÀÖp sNbvX-tijw am{Xta D]-tbmKw XpS-§m-hq. NmÀÖv ^pÅm- s b- ¶ p- d - ¸ m- b m ]ns¶ NmÀÖv sN¿- c p- X v . kwibw XoÀ¡m³ hop-sam¶p NmÀÖm¡p-¶Xv _mä-dn-bpsS BbpÊv Ipdbv ¡ pw. Ign- b p- ¶ Xpw \Ã- X p-
t]mse NmÀÖp Ipd-ª-tijw NmÀÖm-¡p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv. NiMH Bbmepw enXnbw Bbm- epw, Bbncw doNmÀÖp-IÄ Fs¶ms¡ I¼-\n-¡mÀ Ah-Imi-s¸-Sp-sa-¦nepw \ap¡v {]Xo-£n¡m-hp¶ icm-icn doNmÀÖv XhW-IÄ 500 BWv. doNmÀÖv sN¿pt¼mgpw Iyma-d-bn D]-tbm-Kn-¡pt¼mgpw ]e-Xcw sdbvänw-Kp-IÄ DÅ _mä-dn-IÄ Hcp-an¨v D]-tbm-Kn¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. hm§p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ Hmtcm skäpw amÀ¡À sImv amÀ¡v sNbvXv Htc kabw Hcp _m¨v am{Xw NmÀPv sN¿p-¶Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv. D]- t bm- K n- ¡ msX _mä- d n- I Ä sh¡p-t¼m-gpw, sImp \S-¡p49
t¼mgpw {i²n-t¡ Nne Imcy§Ä Dv. ZoÀL-Imew D]-tbm-Kn¡msX sh¡p¶ _mä- d n- I Ä {^nUvPn sh¡p-¶Xv \Ã-Xm-Wv. F¶m {^ok- dn sh¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. \sÃmcp ^n]v-þ-tem¡v DÅ _mKn-\p-Ån sh¨v {^nUvPn sh¨m CuÀ¸- ¯ nÂ\n- ¶ pÅ kwc-£-Whpw Dd-¸n-¡mw. _mä-dnIÄ eo¡m-bm DS³ If-bp-I. Ah Xmsg hogm-sX-bpw, aäp _mädn-I-fp-ambn s\K-äo-hv-þ-t]m-k-äohv tIm¬SmIväv hcm-sX-bpw, \\-bmsXbpw {i²n-¡p-I. hfsc ISp¯ XWp- ¸ n _mä- d n- I Ä ico- c t¯mSp sNÀ¯p-sh¨v XWp¸p Ipd-bv¡m³ {i²n-¨m Ah-bpsS {]hÀ¯-\-tijn Iq«mw. shbn X-«p¶ P\-en-\-Sp-¯pw, NqSm-Ip¶ sseän-\-Sp¯pw aäpw _mä-dn-IÄ sh¨v NqSm-Im³ A\p-h-Zn-¡-cp-Xv. _mä-dn-IÄ¡v Gähpw BbpÊp In«p-¶Xv GXmv 15 Un{Kn skânt{K-Un-em-sW¶v HmÀ¡p-I. C´ybnse icm-icn Xm]-\ne 30 Un{Kn skân- t {K- U n\p apI- f n- e m- b - X psImv _mä-dn-IÄ¡v s]mXpsh BbpÊp Ipd-bpw.
tkmWn PXW - Z100
HDbpw ^pÄ HDbpw t]mcmªv Ct¸mÄ 4K dk-eq-j³ thW-sa¶mWv hoUn- t bm- { Km- ^ Àam- c psS tamlw. kocn-bepw kn\n-abpw jq«v sN¿p¶ AtX ¢mcn-änbpw Izmfnänbpw IeymW hoUn-tbmbv¡pw tjmÀ«v ^nen- a n\pw thW- s a¶v Bsc-¦nepw B{K-ln-¨m Ahsc Ipäw-]-d-bm-s\m-¡n-Ã. Imew A§s\- b m- W v . AsXÃmw ap¶nÂImWv I¼-\n-IÄ ]pXnb tamU-epIÄ ]pd-¯n-d-¡p-¶-Xpw. 4K XcwKw apX-em-¡m³ Xs¶-bmWv tkmWnbpsS Xocp-am-\w. anI¨ cv 4K ImwtImÀU-dp-IÄ tkmWn ]pd-¯n-d¡n-bXv CtX Dt±-iy-¯n-em-Wv. Iq«¯n Gähpw anI¨ tamU-emb PXW-Z100 F¶ Iyma-dsb CXm ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. 4090 x 2160 dk-eq-j³ AYhm 4K F¶Xv ^pÄ HDbpambn (1920 x 1080) Xmc- X - a y- s ¸- S p- ¯ p- t ¼mÄ GXmv \men-c«n dk-eq-j-\m-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw AXnsâ ¢mcnänbpw Izmfn-änbpw B ^qt«-Pn-\p-apm-hpw. IqSp-XÂt]À 4Kbnte¡v Xncn-bm-\p-Å {][m-\-Im-cWw CXmWv. H¸w CXnÂ\n¶v ^pÄ HDbnte¡v amäw (Down Scaling) km[y-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. 1/2.33 C©v sskkp-ÅXpw Exmor R koco-knÂs¸-«-Xp-amb »mIv Ceyqan-t\-äUv CMOS sk³k-dmWv PXW-
Z100 Iyma-d-bpsS Icp-¯v. 8.8 aney³ ]nIv k - e pÅ Cu sk³k- d n\v 4Kbv¡v ]pdsa QFHD (3840 x 2160), ^pÄ HD (1920 x 1080) dk-eq-j-\p-Ifnepw jq«nMv km[y-am-hpw. 4K dk-eqj-\n 60p, 50p tdän-§n 4:2:2. kmw¹n-§n C³{Sm-s{^bnw 10 _näv sd¡mÀUn§v MXF t^mÀam-än km[y-am-hp-sa-¶-XmWv Cu Iyma-dbpsS {][m\anI-hv. tkmWn-bpsS kn\n BÄ«m Iyma-d-I-fn D]-tbmKn-¡p¶ tkmWn XAVC sd¡mÀUn§v t^mÀamäv CXn-ep-]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m hfsc thK-Xbn Umä {Sm³kv^À km[y-am-hpw. s]mXpth XS-Ê-an-Ãm-¯Xpw t¢i-clnXhpamb hÀ¡v ^vtfmbv¡v hfsc tbmPn-¨-XmWv XAVC t^mÀam-äv. C³{Sm- s {^bnw kuI- c y- a p- Å - X n\m 4Kbntebpw HDbntebpw Hmtcm s{^bn-an-t\bpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Iw{]kv sN¿pw. 4Ksb 600 AsÃ-¦n 500 Mbps thK-
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¯nepw (60p, 50p) HDsb 223 Mbps (60p, 50p) thK-¯n-ep-amWv Iw{]kv sN¿p-I. {]tXyIw A\p-_Ô D]-I-c-W§-fn-ÃmsX Xs¶ 4K jq«v sN¿m-sa¶-XmWv PXW-2100vsâ {]tXy-I-X. 3 Intem-{Km-an Xmsg am{Xw `mcw hcp¶Xpw hfsc HXp-¡-ap-Å-Xp-amWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS LS-\. am{X-aà jq«v sN¿p¶ Zriy-§Ä 4K {_mhnb Sn.-hn.Ifn do t¹ sN¿m\pw Ignbpw. thW-sa-¦n 4K tImw]-än-_nÄ {_mhnb Sn.-hn.sb ssehv tamWn-ä-dm¡m\pw Cu Iymad kuIcyw \ÂIpw. \nc- h[n Iyma- d- I- fn anIhv sXfn- bn¨ tkmWn G kocokv se³kmWv CXn- ep- ap- Å- Xv. 29.5 apX 590 an.-ao. hsc t^m¡Â eMvXv DÅ Cu 20X kqw se³kv Hcphn[w Imcy-§Äs¡ms¡ aXn-bmhpw. sd¡mÀUn-§n\v XQD ImÀUpIÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶p F¶-XmWv Cu Iyma-d-bpsS thsdmcp ]pXp-a. cpImÀUv tÉm«p-Å-Xn-\m kuIcy-§Ä \nc-h-[n-bm-sW¶v {]tXyIn¨v ]d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm. hne-Iq-Snb Iyma- d - I - f nset¸mse s]bnâ v ^wKvj³ Cu Iyma-d-bn-ep-ap-v. Kma, »mIv ehÂ, kvIn³ UossäÂkv, IfÀ F¶nh IrXyambn {Iao- I - c n- ¡ m³ CXn- e qsS km[y- a m- h pw. kv a mÀ«v t^m¬, Sm_veäv XpS-§n-bh D]-tbm-Kn¨v t^m¡-kn-§v, kqan-Mv, At¸À¨À skän-Mv, sd¡mÀUv ÌmÀ«v/tÌm]v F¶nh \S-¯m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ kuIcyhpw PXW-Z100 \ÂIpw. GI-tZiw aq¶-c-e£w cq]-bmWv Iyma-d-bpsS hne. C{Xbpw kuIcyw thm-¯hÀ¡v AXm-bXv Aev]w tImw{]ssakv sN¿m³ hnj-a-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ¡v FDR-AX1 F¶ tamUepw tkmWn \ÂIp-¶p-v.
F.-sI.-]n.-F. hmÀ¯-IÄ
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\w- F.-sI.-]n.-F.- kw-Øm-\{]kn-Uâv- Sn.- sP.- hÀ-Ko-kv- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- Im-kÀ-tIm-Sv- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\w - kw-Øm-\P\dÂ- sk{I«dn- Fw.- Pn.- cm-Pp- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- Xn-cp-h\´]p-cw- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wa{´n- hn.-Fkv.- in-hIp-amÀ- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- hb\m-Sv- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wsF.-kn.- _m-eIr-jv-W³- Fw.-FÂ.-F.- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- Be¸p-g Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wtI{µa{´n- sIm-Sn-¡p-t¶Â- kp-tcjv- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- I®qÀ- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wap-³- kw-Øm-\{]kn-Uâv- ]n.- hn.- _m-e³- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- FdWm-Ip-fw- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\w-bp.-Un.F^v.- I¬-ho-\À- ]n.- ]n.- X¦¨³- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- Xr-iqÀ- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wsI.-]n.- [\]m-e³- Fw.-]n.- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.52
PnÃm kt½-f-\-§Ä
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- sIm-Ãw- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wsXm-gnÂ- hIp-¸v- a{´n jn-_p- t__n-tPm¬-D-Zv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- ae¸p-dw- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\w]n.- Dss_Zp-Å Fw.-FÂ.-F.- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- ]m-e¡m-Sv- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wF.-sI.]n.-F.- kw-Øm-\{]kn-Uâv- Sn.- sP.- hÀ-Ko-kv- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- ]¯\w-Xn-« Pn-Ãm- kt½f\w-a{´n- ASqÀ- {]Im-iv- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- tIm-«bw- Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wBtâm- BâWn- Fw.-]n.- DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
F.-sI.-]n.-F.- CSp¡n Pn-Ãm- kt½f\wtdmjn AK-Ìn³ Fw.-FÂ.-F. DZv-Lm-S\w- sN¿p-¶p.-
kwØm\ kt½-f-\-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v F.-sI.-]n.-F. ]me-¡mSv Pnà {ioIr-jvW-]pcw bqWnäv \nÀ½n-¡p¶ sSen-^n-en-ansâ ]qPm NS§v kwØm\ {]kn-Uâ v {io. Sn.-sP.-hÀKokv DZvLm-S\w sN¿p-¶p.
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