DISSIDENT ARCHIVE FA I T H M U I R
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INTRODUCTION
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BRIEF | CLIENT | SITE
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TECTONICS M AT E R I A L I T Y | S T R U C T U R E
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
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B R I E F + C L I E N T A N A LY S I S
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN T H E R M A L | WAT E R | S O L A R
DR AWINGS F O R M A L G A D R AW I N G S
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SPATIAL NARR ATIVES V I S UA L I Z AT I O N S
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SO CIAL CONTEXT SYSTEMIC RACISM IN AMERICA
TYPES OF RACISM
STRUCTURAL “Social, economic or political systems featuring public policies and practices that perpetuate inequities”
INSTITUTIONAL “Policies and practices across institutions in sectors like education and politics that put certain racial groups at a disadvantage”
INDIVIDUAL BIAS “Covert actions toward a person that express racial prejudice”
26 simple charts to show friends and family who aren’t convinced racism is still a problem in America | Business Insider, July 8 2020 https://www.businessinsider.com/us-systemic-racism-in-charts-graphs-data-20206?r=US&IR=T
This Infographic Breaks Down How Racism Impacts Black People Daily | Kenrya Rankin, Sep 13 2017 https://www.colorlines.com/articles/infographicbreaks-down-how-racism-impacts-black-people-daily
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CLIENT ANALYSIS W H O N E E D S A R C H I T E C T U R A L R E P R E S E N TAT I O N?
DO YOU THINK THERE'S ANY SIGNIFICANCE TO THE FACT THAT BLACK LIVES MATTER WAS FOUNDED BY THREE WOMEN? Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi | Founders of #BlackLivesMatter since 2013 “Absolutely! I think the fact lends itself to a deep understanding of who has been left out and who's been left behind...Women have always weaved community in places where it was missing because our survival depended on it.” - Alicia Garza for National Geographic
“Now, tough questions are being asked globally. What symbols from our past must be reconsidered or simply discarded? What stories demand a more complete and honest retelling? How should history be taught?” As monuments fall, how does the world reckon with a racist past? Phillip Morris, June 29 2020 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/confederate-monuments-fall-question-how-rewritehistory/
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CLIENT ANALYSIS C L I E N T T Y P E A N D R EQ U I R E M E N T S TO B E S E E N PREVENT DISINFORMATION Memorial | Archive | Exhibition
TO L I V E W I T H DIGNITY ADVOCATING FOR JUSTICE AND OPPORTUNITY Economic | Political
TO B E C O N N EC T E D CELEBRATING DIVERSITY WITHIN BLACK COMMUNITIES Safe Space | Cultural
BLACK LIVES MATTER GLOBAL NETWORK FOUNDATION, INC. #BlackLivesMatter was founded in 2013 by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. It was in response to the acquittal of Trayvon Martin’s murderer.
ALL
BLACK LIVES MATTER
“Black queer and trans folks, Black disabled folks, Black immigrants (documented and undocumented), Black people who are currently and formerly incarcerated, Black women, and Black people all along and outside the gender spectrum.” - Black Futures Lab
HERSTORY Black liberation movements in the US have created room, space, and leadership mostly for Black heterosexual, cisgender men. This leaves women, queer and transgender people, and others either out of the movement or in the background to move the work forward with little or no recognition. To maximize our movement muscle, and to be intentional about not replicating harmful practices that excluded so many in past movements for liberation, we made a commitment to placing those at the margins closer to the center.
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DISSIDENT ARCHIVE A N A LY S I S O F B R I E F
MEMORIAL
ARCHIVE
EXHIBITION
COMMUNITY SPACES
An architectural installation where we can commemorate victims of systemic racism and police brutality
Digital Celebrating how social media stimulated action
Allows for an interactive learning experience
Physical Ephemera including protest signs and flyers
Database of information
Giving a platform to the marginalized within the Black community Spaces should consider facilitating Economic autonomy Political power Safe space Cultural expression
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PRECEDENT ANALYSIS T H E S E N S O RY A N D E M OT I O N A L EXPERIENCE OF A MEMORIAL HISTORY SHOULD BE PHYSICALISED “Berlin is filled with monuments that commemorate World War II and the Holocaust, which serve as a reminder of the conflicts that it has experienced and overcome. By doing so, its past cannot be avoided or rewritten.” - David Adjaye for Dezeen
WATER WALL FEATURE
NATIONAL MEMORIAL FOR PEACE AND JUSTICE
The first national memorial to victims of lynching in the US
MASS. and Equal Justice Initiative | Alabama, USA | 2018
800 suspended Corten steel monuments that represent counties in the US where racial terror lynchings took place
Heavy weight of history; hanging above heads, feeling of accountability
Sensory experience Could symbolise tears? Power and peace
Encourages process of acknowledgment and reconciliation
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PRECEDENT ANALYSIS HOW DO POC ARCHITECTS EXPRESS C U LT U R E I N T H E I R W O R K? CULTURE
PROGRESS
COMMUNITY
Crypt to Corona
INTERACTIVE HERITAGE
B L A C KWA S H I N G The openness to light is symbolic for a museum that seeks to stimulate open dialogue about race and help promote reconciliation and healing.
is the act of forcing POC people into white people’s stories. Instead, recognize their culture and narratives.
Rising from the Earth
HISTORY
From one perspective, the building’s architecture follows classical GrecoRoman form in its use of a base and shaft, topped by a capital or corona. For our Museum, the corona is inspired by the three-tiered crowns used in Yoruban art from West Africa.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE Adjaye Associates | Washington DC | 2016
DYNAMIC FACADE Adjaye pays homage to the intricate ironwork crafted by enslaved African Americans in Louisiana, South Carolina, and elsewhere
“Most museums on the Mall are closed to the outside in the sense that they take you to another world...You go into a different world and then you come back out. I didn’t want that. The experience of being black is not a fiction. There’s something important about always coming back to the light of day.” DAVID ADJAYE ON DESIGNING A MUSEUM THAT SPEAKS A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE
CONTEMPLATIVE COURT
“Perforation”, use of negative and positive forms Projections at night; telling a story
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SO CIAL AGENDA BY T H E P EO P L E, F O R T H E P EO P L E
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BUILDING NARR ATIVE MEMORIAL | ARCHIVE | EXHIBITION
ARCHIVE + LIBRARY + EXHIBITION
+
THE DYNAMIC MEMORIAL Redefining a memorial so that it adapts to history
DISINFORMATION Correcting false narratives created by media Using the exhibition space as an alternative information center for current public events 1 Economically disadvantaged Black people seen as criminals
NAMES Commemorate every victim
2 Blaming Black people for their own circumstances as opposed to institutional practices 3 Ignoring the diversity that exists within our communities
STORIES An archive in your pocket Who are the victims and what are their stories?
TAKE ACTION A digital tribute altar Link to petitions, fundraisers
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BUILDING NARR ATIVE GENERAL FORM
RAMP Progression developed so that it creates open spaces that link to the pedestrian experience
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SITE CONDITIONS M A S S I N G + O C C U PA N C Y SUNLIGHT
NOISE
ROOF SLOPE
MEMORIAL
CONTEMPLATIVE PARK
EXHIBITION
LIBRARY
COMMUNITY CENTER
EVENTS PARK
Open and interactive with the public
Ambient light throughout the year, direct sunlight during summer, spring, and autumn
Needs to be in the dark to accentuate the digital walls
Upper level of exhibition, direct link to skylights and clerestories on roof
Main functions concentrated on the south facade
Spills out from indoor events hall, open all year
Atrium in the center
South facing space that does not get overshadowed
Screen facade allows for wind flow to contemplative park
Archive needs to be sheltered from the elements as well In the quiet end of the site
Quiet on the north end
Needs views on upper floors Roof level solar chimney active throughout the year
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GENER AL SITE CONTEXT I N T E R P R E TAT I O N O F H E L L’S K I TC H E N, N E W YO R K SOCIAL DIVERSITY Historically a neighborhood of immigrant or blue-collar strivers Gentrification in Chelsea created a new “gay mecca” in Hell’s Kitchen
RACIAL DIVERSITY INDEX
PLANNING RESTRICTIONS Special Clinton District zoning rules designed to preserve the low-rise scale of the neighborhood
GENTRIFICATION
THEATER CULTURE
Since the 1990s, developers found opportunities to redefine Hell’s Kitchen gritty characteristics
Neighborhood is in close proximity to Broadway, so many performers live here
RESTAURANT ROW Hell’s Kitchen is known for its many ethnic restaurants, particularly at 9th Avenue
0.58
The probability that two randomly chosen people in a given geographic area will be of a different race
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BUILDING SITE ANALYSIS S I T E 2 | 333 W E S T 46 T H S T R E E T
Contrast between low rise brick restaurants and high rise glass skyscrapers
9th Ave view into block
Open Streets Strictly pedestrian and cyclist zone during set times of day Restaurant Row Located on West 46th Street between 8th and 9th Avenue. Also hosts annual International Food Festival. Times Square Commercial and theatrical hub
8th Ave view into block
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SITE 1:500
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LEVEL 1 1:200
3
2
4
9 6
5 1
7
8
9
1 MEMORIAL 2 PARK 3 DIGITAL EXHIBITION 4 CONTROL ROOM 5 RECEPTION 6 EVENTS HALL 7 BAR 8 STORAGE 9 EVENTS HALL PARK
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LEVEL 2 1:200
3 4
1 2
5
5 7
6
8
1 ARCHIVE DISPLAY 2 DIGITIZATION LAB 3 ARCHIVE OFFICE 4 TEMPORARY STORE 5 LECTURE HALL 6 MEETING ROOM 7 ADMIN OFFICE 8 STORAGE
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LEVEL 3 1:200
3 1 1
2
1
1
1 COUNSELING OFFICE 2 LEARNING RESOURCES 3 PLANT ROOM
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HIER ARCHY OF SPACES E X P LO D E D I S O M E T R I C L E V E L S
TO B E C O N N EC T E D CELEBRATING DIVERSITY WITHIN BLACK COMMUNITIES Safe Space Counseling meeting rooms
TO L I V E W I T H DIGNITY ADVOCATING FOR JUSTICE AND OPPORTUNITY Economic | Political Lecture + Meeting rooms
TO B E S E E N PREVENT DISINFORMATION Memorial | Archive | Exhibition
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SOUTH
NORTH
ELEVATIONS N O R T H + S O U T H 1:200
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SECTIONS C O M M U N I T Y C E N T E R 1:200
COUNSELING ARCHIVE OFFICE + LAB
MEETINGS + TALKS EVENTS
EXHIBITION
REC
ENTRANCE
STORAGE
LONG SECTION
COUNSELING MEETINGS + TALKS
EVENTS HALL
SHORT SECTION THROUGH ATRIUM
EXHIBIT
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WEST E L E VAT I O N + S E C T I O N 1:200
OFFICE
EPHEMERA DISPLAY
EXHIBIT
LAB
MEMORIAL
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STRUCTURE E X P LO D E D I S O M E T R I C
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MATERIALIT Y S U S TA I N A B L E J U S T I F I C AT I O N S
CONCRETE SUBSTRUCTURE
GLULAM COLUMNS AND BEAMS
RECLAIMED BRICK (EXTERNAL) UNFIRED CLAY BRICK (INTERNAL)
AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS
Strip foundations use three to four times less concrete than deep trench foundations
Lowest energy input and carbon emissions required to manufacture in comparison to steel and concrete (timber 33 kg < concrete 265 kg < steel 694 kg)
Embodied carbon savings for substituting reclaimed bricks for new facing bricks: 0.8kgC02/kg
Aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) blocks with thin joint mortar
Cement replacements like PFA fly ash can be used Opportunity to use geothermal pile
Relatively lighter structure, places less strain on foundations allowing for shallow systems Mechanically fix systems rather than adhesive fix so they can be demounted and reused or recycled, supporting a circular economy
ICE Database LETI Embodied Carbon Primer WRAP Reclaimed building products guide WRAP Aerated concrete blocks with thin joint mortar BRE Environmental performance of foundations and substructures
Reclaimed bricks only used as facing bricks on the external leaf, while concrete blocks are used internally. In internal areas where brick is needed for aesthetic reasons, unfired clay brick could be used.
Contains 85% PFA Blocks are fully recyclable Lightweight + high dimensional stability and rigidity Thin mortar (3mm vs standard 10mm) improves thermal bridging, airtightness and sound insulation 21% less embodied carbon than standard blocks of the same size
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TECTONIC SECTION E X T E R N A L M E M O R I A L PAV I L I O N + E X H I B I T I O N + A R C H I V E | 1:50
BRICK WAVE SCREEN Water repellant finish 102.5mm unfired clay brick 20mm diameter steel rebar 50mm steel plate 75x75mm steel frame
LOADBEARING MASONRY WALLS 102.5mm facing brickwork 95mm cavity gap 95mm partial fill cavity insulation Wall ties vertically every 450mm and horizontally 750mm 102.5 x 215mm blockwork 37.5mm insulated plasterboard DPM
GROUND FLOOR
ROOF
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR
65mm sand cement screed with heating pipes Perimeter insulation upstand to prevent thermal bridging 100mm rigid insulation 100mm concrete slab DPM
Standing-seam roofing Damp proof membrane 20mm plywood 40/60 mm battens 20mm plywood 140mm wood-fibre thermal insulation Vapor barrier 150mm service space for air ducts and lighting systems 50mm suspended timber baffles 220x400mm glulam beam
20mm oak finish 100mm insulation 90mm CLT 75x100mm glulam joists 150mm service space for air ducts and lighting systems 50mm suspended timber baffles 220x400mm exposed glulam beams
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TECTONIC SECTION MODEL C O M M U N I T Y C E N T E R 1:100
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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILIT Y S I T E C L I M AT E A N A LY S I S
AVERAGE HOURLY TEMPERATURE IN MANHATTAN
HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT LEVELS DAYLIGHTING
THERMAL COMFORT
Maximizing internal daylight while not compromising daylight for other buildings nearby
Fluctuating temperatures throughout the year
Lack of direct sunlight
Urban Heat Island effect: up to 20oC hotter than rural areas
RAIN PATTERNS
SNOW LOADS
Consistent amount of rainfall throughout the year means a rainwater collection system can be used to supplement water usage in the building
Roof pitches as low as 10 degrees have been observed to shed snow Steeper slopes are more effective
AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL
Approximately 15 - 27oC Therefore a hybrid ventilation and heating system is required because of large temperature differences throughout the year
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION CENTRAL MVHR SYSTEM
Plant room on the north side of the building close to an external wall + central to the plan to reduce duct runs 200mm deep joists hiding the ductwork
External exhaust and supply Internal extract and supply Volumes of air never mix but pass over each other in a heat exchanger
MVHR Regulates pollution, pollen, and odour
ARCHVE TEMPORARY STORAGE
Constant fresh air intake and active dehumidification
GEOTHERMAL PILE Pile uses the conductivity processes as the ground acts as a heat sink. It will passively regulate temperatures both in summer and winter In conjunction with underfloor heating
SEASONAL STRATEGY “When incoming air is partially heated by the outgoing air, you don’t need to turn the thermostat higher to warm it even further. In the summer, the incoming air is cooled, and the heat is pulled from the outgoing air.”
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ADAPTIVE VENTILATION AND SHADING COMMUNITY CENTER SHORT SECTION SUMMER
Atrium for daylight and stack ventilation processes Windows + folding shading device for user control over ventilation
Facade acts as a shading device
Eggcrate facade reduces glare at noon
WINTER Perforations create transient light patterns
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R AINWATER MANAGEMENT S TO R A G E + D I S T R I B U T I O N
POSSIBLE RAINWATER COLLECTED PER YEAR IN LITRES YEARLY RAINFALL (MM) × ROOF COLLECTION AREA (M2) × 90% EFFICIENCY × PERCENTAGE RUNOFF COEFFICIENT 1114 MM ANNUAL RAINFALL
The Environmental Design pocket book
ROOF 1 Given that the rainfall in NYC is around 1144 mm | 45.0 inch per year en.climate-data.org
> 10 O PITCH ROOF 1 1144 mm x 203.5 m2 x 90% x 90% = 188,571 L 188,571 x 15% of yearly collected rainfall = 28,285 L tank
ROOF 2
TOILET FLUSHING
ROOF 2 1144 mm x 160 m2 x 90% x 90% = 148,262 L
WATER FEATURES + IRRIGATION
148,262 x 15% of yearly collected rainfall = 22,239 L tank
! Recommended downpipe in the middle of the roof gutter because it can take twice as much water runoff as a pipe at one end; gutter should be min. 100 mm
RECYCLED GREYWATER Non-potable purposes such as toilet flushing and landscape irrigation
Min. 68 mm rainwater pipe as standard; depending on slope and roof area, this should be increased up to 150 mm
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R AINWATER MANAGEMENT C L I M AT E T I L E PAV I N G
CLIMATE TILE AND GREEN SPACE RENDER
URBAN RUN-OFF Slowing down the urban runoff process both in the building and surrounding public space
GREEN SPACE Focuses on creating a quiet contemplative space that brings in natural qualities of light, water, air, and vegetation cover Locally sourced anti pollution trees
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FACADE AS A SHADING DEVICE D E S I G N D E V E LO P M E N T
TIMBER “EGGCRATE” PANELS EMULATING BRICK COURSE
1:25 SECTION
ACCORDION PANELS
The angled building orientation means that a shading device for all directions is needed
1 x 1.5m panels for easier maintenance and replacement
Sliding shading panels gives users an adaptive ventilation and shading system
Potential for transient perforated shadows particularly during winter
S U M M E R + W I N T E R AT N O O N
SUMMER Sufficient artificial lighting created by digital exhibition
Controlled lighting required for digital lab and ephemera display
Comfortable lighting in most rooms South eastern room could use smaller windows North western central room needs window access to atrium
Recommended Lux
1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2
Traffic Zones Circulation Stairs
1.2 1.2.4
Rest, sanitation and first aid rooms Toilets
200
1.3 1.3.1
Control rooms Plant rooms
200
1.4 1.4.1
Store rooms Store and stockrooms
100
Offices Writing, reading, data processing Meeting rooms Reception desk Archives
500 500 300 200
5.1 5.1.3
General public areas Lounges
200
Misc
Laboratories Universities
3 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7
WINTER
400
800
LEVEL 3 1200
LEVEL 2
2000+
LEVEL 1
1600
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ILLUMINANCE ANALYSIS
100 150
500 - 750 EN 12464-1 Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places
Stable lighting levels comparative to summer
Meeting rooms all have sufficient lighting Artificial lighting might be required for the center of the north lecture room
Atrium helps in providing for extra daylight during winter
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UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS S O C I A L S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y Equal rights to economic resources
Provide support for mental health
Building resilience for those in vulnerable economic and social disasters
Strengthen the prevention of substance abuse
Reducing social discrimination and exclusion
Reduce illnesses caused by air and water pollution
Increasing participation in decisionmaking
Healthy indoor climate balancing light and acoustics
Provide support for all in terms of employment, vocational skills, and entrepreneurship Promote knowledge and skills concerning socio-economic, political, and environmental sustainable development Inclusive and effective learning environments for all, at all times
Designing to reduce transmission of diseases within the built environment
DESIGNING FOR COVID-19 AND FUTURE HEALTH CRISES
Improve air circulation and air quality Provide sufficient sanitary spaces Social distancing; reducing touch If spaces around us can make us sick, then how can we redesign to make us healthy?
Empowering girls, women, and LGBTQ+ citizens via:
Promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth for all
Empowering economic self-sufficiency Encouraging effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership and decision-making
Learning resources for employability and entrepreneurship
Providing a safe space for antidiscrimination and anti-violence
Minimizing inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity, religion, and opportunity Designing for accessibility, such as even surfaces, lifts, ramps, and wayfinding features (visual and physical)
Exposing local businesses to a larger market using physical and digital means Advocating for good working conditions and labour rights Local community center that represents citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; commitment to an inclusive and compassionate society Encourage responsive, inclusive, participatory, and representative decision making at all levels
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UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS E N V I R O N M E N TA L S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y Provide sanitary bathrooms to wash hands; reduce spread of diseases
Limit energy consumption through materials and layouts
Protect, collect, and handle water Collecting rainwater and snow; purifying it? Using it for energy? For greywater? Using building materials that do not contribute to groundwater contamination (during extraction, construction, and in use)
Integrating renewable energy in the building Providing access to renewable energy and technology
Urban stormwater management NYC Flooding + climate change Helping to prevent flooding and reduce Combined Sewer Overflows -> polluted Hudson River
Minimizing waste production and resource consumption on all levels stated within the Life Cycle Assessment framework Using local materials and resources, and renewable technologies to reduce environmental impact Create a site-specific building that addresses the climate it is situated in
Designing for future use so that the building can be adapted to different uses over time Design considerations for durability and life cycles in individual components, buildings, and structures
Creating a hub for social development, ideas, commerce, and culture Promoting the use of walking and biking Diversify pedestrian experience Ensuring inclusion and safety of marginalized citizens in the building and its surroundings Include green areas to counteract loss of biodiversity caused by urban growth
Integrating renewable energy production in buildings Emphasizing use of local and renewable materials New buildings must optimize climatic comfort by considering light, ventilation, and thermal properties Solutions sensitive to local culture, topography, and climatic conditions
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ARCHITECTUR AL PRO GR AM MEMORIAL
WAVE GETTING BIGGER
THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT
MEMORIAL PLINTH
Transition in the brick facade from minor twists in the memorial leading to larger waves and eventually the water wall in the contemplative park
The memorial will be defined by the local community and celebrated on the plinth
Each brick represents the individual events that led to the development of the movement
Skylight will place emphasis on the memorial plinth during the day, while artificial lighting will let it â&#x20AC;&#x153;glow from withinâ&#x20AC;? at night
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ARCHITECTUR AL PRO GR AM WAT E R WA L L + PA R K
BRICK WATER WALL Water repellant finish 102.5mm fired clay brick Galvanized corrugated metal tie 50mm air cavity DPM 15mm sheathing DPM 75mm rigid insulation
A DYNAMIC MOVEMENT Water creates a transient atmosphere in terms of light and sound, reflecting the theme of dynamic which links to the ever-changing nature of the activism movement
Weep holes Metal drip edge Shelf angle and plate angle support Removeable grill Lower basin component with water pump
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WATER WALL P L A S T E R C A S T M O D E L 1:1
INITIAL MODEL Unecessary square edge, simplify the channel Angle too steep
Rectangular side profile could be more aesthetic
FINAL MODEL Channel tapers off and directs water off the edge of the brick
Side profile angle follows slope of water channel + reduces weight of brick
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ARCHITECTUR AL PRO GR AM EXHIBITION HALL
EMPOWERMENT Experiencing previous protests in order to empower and inspire
LED SCREENS ON CEILING GRID
SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS Walls can be rotated and brought closer to each other to create continuous walls
INFORMATION HUB Creating a live feed of current news and events in order to prevent disinformation
EMPOWERMENT EXHIBITION
I N F O R M AT I O N H U B
D I G I T I Z AT I O N L A B
EVENTS HALL
LECTURE ROOM
T H E AT R I U M
DISSIDENT ARCHIVE FA I T H M U I R