Stereoscopic 3D Alex Shows Technology Strategist
What 3D Can Mean To You Dell is working to bring compelling 3D solutions to market that enable your company to create what’s next There are different 3D technologies for different applications 3D affects customers’ buying decisions 3D is the way we perceive our world
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Cameron’s Avatar
Image Credit: Lightstorm Entertainment
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Image Credit: 20th Century Fox
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Leonardo’s Paradox
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3D is a fundamental part of human perception
~1500
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1838
1860
1952
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3D is a fundamental part of human perception Hubel & Wiesel
Tyler
Poggio
Coutant & Westheimer
Barlow, Blakemore & Pettigrew
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
97.3% of participants able to perceive depth (Source: Coutant and Westheimer, Population distribution of stereoscopic ability, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Vol13, 1992)
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3D isn’t limited to CAD designers • Many other fields can benefit from an immersive experience
• Anywhere that designs or data need to be seen as they are • Also, anywhere where data visualization exceeds 2 dimensions
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Stereoscopic 3D can benefit many applications Application
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Example Use Case
Architectural Design
Dynamic walkthroughs showing more realistic spatial relationships
Mechanical Design
Assembly manipulation with more intuitive component relationships
Digital Content Creation
Modeling visually lifelike creatures based on subconscious visual queues
Oil & Gas
Surveying across deep visual representations of complex data types
Geospatial Visualization
Navigating elevation models and complex ground structures
Scientific Visualization
Physics models with complex mechanical relationships
Medical
Volumetric renderings mapping dense physiological structures
Pharmaceutical
Molecular modeling of intricate chemical reactions
Environmental
Remote exploration of foreign lands, planets
Simulation and Training
Vehicle training where complex controls are mapped in spatially related groups
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3D Display Technology Glasses-free
Glasses-based Flat 3D Display Systems
Autostereoscopic
Stereoscopic (glasses) Anaglyph
Spatial Multiplexing
Spectral Division
Temporal
Active Shutter Parallax Barrier Lenticular
Field Sequential
Polarization Linear Circular
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CSMB Technology Planning
3D Display Technology Glasses-free
Glasses-based Flat 3D Display Systems
Autostereoscopic
Stereoscopic (glasses) Anaglyph
Spatial Multiplexing
Spectral Division
Temporal
Active Shutter Parallax Barrier Lenticular
Field Sequential
Polarization Linear Circular
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CSMB Technology Planning
Anaglyph 3D
Anaglyph filters are chromatic opposites First images – 1850s First movies – 1920s Hollywood – 1950s “Cyan” patented – 1970s Remove blue and green from the left eye image. Remove red from the right eye image. 11
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Spectral Division • Interference filters are used to pass only narrow wavelengths of light • Cool RGB filter for one eye • Warm RGB filter for the other • The visual cortex merges the two with significantly less color loss than anaglyph
Image Credit: Infitec, via Stereoscopy.com
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Active Shutter • Glasses with liquid crystal lenses • Active electronics open and close each eye in sequence with the display • Display shows left image while blocking the right eye view, then switches • Cost to TV manufacturer is low – Glasses are expensive today
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Image Credit: Associated Press, Sourced from Panasonic and Sony
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Linear Polarization • Non-polarized light goes in – Only polarized light goes out
• Polarized here means axis-aligned – Vertical axis orientation for one eye – Horizontal axis orientation for the other
• Big problem: head tilt Image Credit: 3Dride.com
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Circular Polarization • Light is initially polarized linearly, to align along an axis • Then a quarter wave plate retards the photons, causing the waves to move in a corkscrew-like pattern • This circular pattern can be clockwise or counterclockwise • Works independently of head tilt
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Image Credit: Shrimp See The Light, Huang, Hector, Berkley Science Review
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Parallax Barrier • Aperture grille is used to block / pass light in columns • Creates many views, each at a fraction of the resolution • For viewers positioned between two of these views, depth is perceived without the need for glasses
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Image Credit: Depth perception for moving images shown on a large LED display with an aperature grille. SID 2009. Yamamoto, H. et al. University of Tokushima.
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Lenticular • Lenses or films which refract light from a pixel • Refractions target fields of view, creating sweet spots where a viewer can see a different image in each eye • Loss of resolution and moiré patterns are some of the issues
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Image Credit: How a lenticular lens works. Wikimedia Commons. July 2007.
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Temporal Field Sequential Autostereo • 3M recently announced – switching backlight and 3D film
Left Image
Right Image
Fast LCD Panel & 3D Film
Light Guide Image Credit: 3M 18
CSMB Technology Planning
Temporal Field Sequential Autostereo • 3M recently announced – switching backlight and 3D film
Left Image
Right Image
Fast LCD Panel & 3D Film
Light Guide Image Credit: 3M 19
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High DPI Lenticular
3D Mode Sub-pixel for each view
• Ultra-high pixel density (9x HD) • Lenticular lens/film/coating
2D Mode All sub-pixels use same color 2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
2D Pixel View 1
3D Pixel View 2
3D Pixel View 3
3D Pixel View 4
3D Pixel View 5
3D Pixel View 6
3D Pixel View 7
3D Pixel View 8
3D Pixel View 9
Imagine looking down on the pixel…
Each 3D pixel covers a slice of the view
View 9
View 8
View 5
View 2
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View 7
View
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3D Pixel View 1
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Different technologies for different applications
Method
Pros
Cons
Applications
Spectral Division
Lightweight glasses
Expensive glasses and high light loss
Wherever high brightness isn’t essential
Active Shutter
Incrementally inexpensive in the display
Expensive glasses, flicker
Wherever fast-refresh LCDs and/ or single DLP projectors exist today
Circular Polarization
Low cost glasses
Expensive polarizer or two projectors, special silver screen
Large-scale projection-based visualization arrangements (>10 viewers)
Lenticular
No glasses needed
Loss of resolution
Retail, point-of-sale, where multiple views are required
Temporal Field Sequential
No glasses needed
Limited to single viewer
Handhelds, tablets, personal visualization devices
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Dell products that support 3D • Dell S300W projector – 2200 lumens, 2400:1 contrast ratio – 1280x800 with 720p120 input – Active shutter glasses with DLP Link sync
• Alienware AW2310 monitor – 1920x1080 LCD – Up to 120Hz refresh 3D modes – Active shutter glasses with USB IR sync
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Summary Dell is working to bring compelling 3D solutions to market that enable your company to create what’s next There are different 3D technologies for different applications 3D affects customers’ buying decisions 3D is a fundamental part of the way we perceive our world
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Questions?
• Alex_Shows@Dell.com
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