Dodger Stadium: Case Studies Marooned No More
Olympic Sculpture Park-Seattle, WA Governor’s Island-New York, NY CityCenter-Las Vegas, NV Camden Yards-Baltimore, MD
Kevin Finch Adrian Freire Phuong Vo
CityCenter Las Vegas FO +OJB+Denari+Pelli
[1] CityCenter Las Vegas is the first Urban-themed project of its kind in the city of themed hotel/casinos. CityCenter was designed to be an Urban District with it’s own mix of uses. The Office of James Burnett contributed to design+documentation for CityCenter and led project-wide coordination+collaboration, design presentations, sustainability targets+construction administration. [2] For argument’s sake, the issue of Las Vegas will have to be foregone if this project is to be critically assessed. Givien CityCenter’s context within Las Vegas, this project was the first development in the city to respond to Las Vegas’ needs for mixed-use urban development. CityCenter targets High-density residential/retail/entertainment/ and recreational development. [3] THe landscape portion of this site covers a $300 million/LEED Gold project. Landscape typologies include Perimeter plantings, on-structure, off-structure, and indoor plantings. Transportation typologies include light rail, roeads and streets, parking structures, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and bridges, and airport shuttles.
N<>S section scale:1”=1000’
E<>W section scale:1”=1000’
[4] CityCenter has seen a steady increase in success since its creation 8 years ago. Condominium residences have sold to High-end targets, even throughout the housing bubble crisis. All structures and typologies function at their intended capacity, except for the cirque du soleil theatre which is only open during performances. Due to the extreme typecast development of this project, each structure may only function at its intended use and may not be easily adapted for other uses. Extraneous uses may be adapted, but given CityCenter’s residents and clientelle, intended programs are unlikely to change. [5] Economically, CityCenter is not likely to fail. The project is backed by the MGM/Mirage Design group, an organization of unfathomable economic backing and value. However, the VEER towers condo units are advertised as being sold for less than their replacement cost. This has been done in an effort to broaden CityCenter’s target tennant groups.
planting on structure
project perimeter
structures parking entertainment hotel/casino retail
transportation vehicular light rail
aux data<>datum <> Built in Jan. 2005 by MGM Mirage Design group. <> 67 acres/18 million sq. ft. <> $9 billion/high-end residential/hospitality/entertain ment/shopping/recreation <> 6 out of 9 buildings are LEED Gold certified <> ARIA hotel/casino is the largest hotel in the world to achieve LEED Gold <> Site serviced by Clark County Fire Station #32 <> CityCenter has its own 9 MW, 12.000 HP powerplant to power, cool, and provide hot water to the entire site
kevin Finch Phuong Vo Adrian Freire LA402/Wilcox
http://www.globeimages.net/img-city-center-night-las-vegas-1775.htm http://www.citycenter.com/ http://www.ojb.com/project-8/CityCenter-Las-Vegas/1-gallery-description/ http://www.mgmresorts.com/default.aspx http://www2.citycenter.com/vision/vision_architects.aspx
Camden Yards/Oriole Park POPULOUS+RTKL Baltimore, MD
‘11 ’05 ‘01 ’97 ‘92
stadium capacity
While Camden Yards is the first baseball-only stadium of its kind, the stadium suffers from single-use. In 1995, Pope John Paul II celebrated mass at the stadium, however this was 1 of only 2 times Camden Yards hosted an event other than baseball. The stadium could easily be adapted to support other uses, however its downtown context allows for extraneous uses in other Baltimore facilities such as The M&T Bank Football Stadium. The buildings and spaces surounding Camden Yards accomodate a multitude of uses. The promenade the runs between Camden Yards and the B&O Warehouse hosts the annual Baltimore Marathon as well as farmers’ markets and baseball memorabilia fairs.
E<>W section scale:1”=150’
48,041 48,079 48,190 48,290 45,971
Oriole Park is the main feature of the Camden Yards Sports Complex. This baseball stadium is commonly referred to as Camden Yards. Camden Yards was the first single-sport stadium of its kind. Before its completion in 1992, baseball games were held in multi-sport, rectangular, symmetrical stadiums. Camden Yards was also unique in deriving its form from the surrounding landscape. The asymmetrical form of Baltimore’s streets translates into the stadium and the baseball field itself. The adjacent B&O Rail Warehouse was also recycled to be included in the stadium design. Camden Yards reflects the brick material used on the Rail Warehouse. The warehouse also houses groud floor retail, team offices and a team clubhouse.
high density
low density
rail
parking 0.25 mi/5 min
camden yards
T& A
k/ ar TP
n Sa
an Fr
Owner
Maryland Stadium Authority
Surface
Kentucky Blue Grass
Capacity
up to 48,187
Record Attendance
49,828-July 10, 2005
Stadium section scale:1â&#x20AC;?=150â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
Die go
m
$110 Million
an
i he
Cost
CO Par k/S
na /A um di
April 6, 1992
P ET
ta lS ge
Opened
e /N
m diu Sta
C ork wY
An
June 28, 1989
ity
e ke an
333 West Camden Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Broke Ground
o
wY Ne
Satistics on Camden Yards Location
sc ci
Kevin Finch Phuong Vo Adrian Freire LA402/Wilcox
http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/al/CamdenYards.htm http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/sports/baseball/oriole-park-at-camden-yards-keeps-up-with-the-times-at-age-20.html?_r=0 http://populous.com/project/oriole-park-at-camden-yards/ http://alsd.com/content/camden-yards-undergoing-renovations-2011-season http://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/bal/ballpark/index.jsp http://www.kci.com/projects/portfolio/facilities/oriole-park-at-camden-yards http://www.inetours.com/images/Snglimgs/Abv_Pac_Bell_Park.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/300px-Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg http://www.petcoparkevents.com/admin/img/Home/03.jpg http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljo26oDeHJ1qgn65ao1_500.jpg
Olympic Sculpture Park
e t
Kevin Finch Adrian Freire Phuong Vo LA402/Wilcox
c p
Governor’s Island
e t
c p
CityCenter Las V
e t
c p
ecological function
ecological function
context
<>remediated brownfield <>salmon habitat <>hydrological “land bridge” <>native landscaping <>pedestrian based transportation
<>land re-use <>native landscaping <>little to no vehicular traffic <>island watershed
<>the Vegas pr <>Urbanized “s <>need for resid <>multi-use dev <>forms facilita <>continued de
transportation
context
ecologica
<>pedestrian paths <>bicycle paths <>re-connection between downtown and wharf
<>military base <>Manhattan <>emulatory of central park <>open space/activity park
<>LEED landsca <>LEED certified <>site dedicate plant <>multi-use development= carbon output
context
transportation
transporta
<>petroleum reserve <>downtown Seattle <>waterfront <>unused brownfield <>rail lines
<>only accessable by Manhattan or Brooklyn ferry <>on-site shuttles and buses <>pedestrian scaled spaces
<>light rail conn <>pedestrian b <>people move <>airport shuttle <>Las Vegas Bo
program
program
program
<>park <>outdoor museum <>science lab <>shopping <>performances
<>activity park <>escape from Manhattan <>retail/restaurant <>art museum <>waterfront usage
<>hotel/casino <>shopping <>restaurants <>high-end res <>urban resort
c p
transportation
roblem strip” dential velopment ate function evelopment
<>Baltimore Metro <>regional rail <>harbor connections <>pedestrian paths and promenade <>highway access
al function
context
ape practices d structures ed power
=smaller
<>B&O railyards <>railroad warehouse <>downtown Baltimore <>adjacent harbor <>Camden Yards sports complex
ation
ecological function
nections bridges ers es oulevard
<>re-used railroad warehouse <>transportational connectivity <>downtown location
o
sidential
program <>major league baseball <>retail <>sports events <>storefront promenade
These sites share strong transportation linkages. Despite Olympic Sculpture Park being classified as a transportation/infrastructure project, we found Camden Yards to have the strongest transportation infrastructure. Olympic Sculpture Park effectively creates transportation where there had been none before by incorporating bike and pedestrian paths to connect the isolated wharf with downtown Seattle. Camden Yards benefits from multiple modes of transportation. The site has two rail stops; one from Baltimore Metro, and the other from a regional train line. Camden Yards is also less than 2 blocks from the waterfront of the inn harbor of Baltimore. The stadium also has its own dedicated highway onramp/off-ramp. The space between Oriole Park and the B&O warehouse is used as a promenade thoroughfare for pedestrians to easily access all areas of the site. The stadium’s proximity to downtown Baltimore also allows for ease of pedestrian access. Programmatically is where the differences in these projects were found. CityCenter Las Vegas is undoubtedly a highly successful urban resort project that is proving to be very influential in the future development of Las Vegas. In terms of multi-use urban development, CityCenter provides amenities and necessities to its residents and visitors. Every urban based activity has an on-site dedicated structure, facility, or space. While Camden Yards also has a strong building typology, program is unlikely to change. Camden Yards is more than capable of hosting non-sports related events, but has only done so twice since its opening 20 years ago. This may be attributed to the stadium’s downtown context where there is a dedicated location for all activities. Governor’s Island has effectively transformed an abandoned military base into a reclusive activity park for visitors to Manhattan. However, landscape typologies tend to be too strict with spaces being shaped by their designed intention. Olympic Sculpture Garden takes park landscape typology and gives control to its user. Program is more likely to accommodate unintended uses and support a wide array of urban outdoor activities.
open
e t
The first congruency the team discovered was the similarities in ecological value between Olympic Sculpture Garden and Governor’s Island. The striking remediation of the Olympic Sculpture Garden clearly stood out in these four projects as having the largest ecological benefit. The re-used and re-purposed military structures on Governor’s Island prevents the use of heavy construction equipment or even having to ferry such machinery onto the island. Camden Yards makes an attempt to re-use structures by repurposing the B&O Railroad Warehouse, however this choice was geared more towards historical preservation than ecological function.
fixed
Camden Yards
Despite the similarities and differences between these projects, it is easy to see why these projects were selected for study in comparison with Dodger Stadium. After each individual case study was completed, four categories of comparison were selected. These categories are ecological value, transportation, context, and program. Each site was evaluated in these categories based on what each site has to offer. The ecological value, transportation, and context were all rated on a scale of 1 to 4 and ranked with each other site. The program category was more subjectively analyzed and rated accordingly.
uses
Vegas
connections
choices
choices