City Center Las Vegas City Center Las Vegas ter Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
ure and Architectural Response
Research Project
UNLV School of Architecture Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Pulido, Yoo SuhSpring Group 1: Alfred Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Kidd, Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh AAEJin 481 ‘13 Jaclyn Professor: Dr.Alfred Firas Al-Douri
einen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
g 2013
Professor Al-douri
AAE 481
Spring 2013
Professor Al-douri
1
Research project
This is an in-depth analysis of City Center Las Vegas (CCLV) written and compiled by the students of Dr. Al-Douri’s AAE 481 Architecture Place and Identity course. Students discuss the relationship of City Center to its immediate context and whether the appropriate materials and design decisions were made when taking the context into consideration. Sustainable design and construction, eco development, technology, mathematics, color and texture, and computation in architecture are some other topics that enter the discussion. In addition students compared City Center Las Vegas to multiple precedents that share the same goals and intentions. Each project’s location, concept, program, and functional requirements will be discussed and critically analyzed. This becomes a study and discussion of mixed-use spaces, relationships to their context, user experience, and what determines the success and failure of projects within the same category and scale.
UNLV School of Architecture AAE 481 Spring ‘13 Professor: Dr. Firas Al-Douri 2
City Center Las Vegas
Table of Contents
Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
1 2 3
Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response to Multidimensionality Design abstract Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yo Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepe Site and context AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri Direction of architecture Architectural Response to Multidimensional Requirements Contextual edge Sustainable design and sustainable construction Holism in architectural design Critical analysis
City Center Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
Precedent Analysis Gloucester Green Canal City Hakata Masdar City Centre Saadiyat Island Al Raha Beach Development Galaxy Soho Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development Regional Transformation, Technology and Eco-Culture Spectrum approaches Color and texture Group 1: Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Ecodevelopment Technology
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AAE 481
Spring 2013
Professor Al-douri
3
City Center Las Vegas ter Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
ure and Architectural Response
1. Direction of Architecture and Response AAE 481Architectural Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Pulido, Yoo Jin Alexis Suh Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Group 1: Alfred Kimberlyn Caoagas, einen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
g 2013
Professor Al-douri
intro
design abstract
site & context
direction of architecture
Kimberlyn Caoagas, Alexis Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
4
introduction.
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
CityCenter is an 18-million-square-foot resort, completed in December 2010 A remarkable collaboration of architects, artists, master planners, and interior designers: J.F. Finn, AIA, executive Architect for Gensler; Master planners Ehrenkrantz Ekstut & Kuhn, Kohn Pedersen Fox 3 5
projectproject scope. abstract Project Scope
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
$8.5 billion dollars 6,000 hotel rooms 2,400 condominiums 38 restaurants and bars Convention center Shopping mall Cirque du Soleil theater 150,000-square-foot casino.
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project abstract
Towers towers. questions
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
Aria Resort & Casino Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
Veer Towers Helmut Jahn
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towers. direction of architecture conclusion questions Towers project abstract
introduction project abstract site and context
Mandarin Oriental Kohn Pedersen Fox 6
The Harmon Hotel (Property in Litigation) Foster + Partners
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design abstract
Transportation and Amenities transportation and amenities. introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions
Aria Express (formerly CityCenter Tram) Gensler
Crystals Daniel Libeskind
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professional awards. Professional Awards
design abstract introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions CityCenter
US Forest Stewardship Council’s best commercial project of 2009
ARIA
2- LEED Gold Certifications (Hotel & Convention Center) Green Key Eco-hospitality- 5 Keys distinction 2- 2012 AAA Five Diamond hotel experiences: ARIA Resort & Casino and ARIA Sky Suites ARIA is currently the largest building in the world with LEED Gold status Forbes Four-Star Award
VDARA
LEED Gold Certified Building AAA Four Diamond Award winner (2012) Forbes Four-Star Award (2012)
VEER
LEED Gold Certified Building AIA Chicago 2012 Distinguished Building Award
MANDARIN ORIENTAL
LEED Gold Certified Building AAA Five Diamond Award\ 3- Forbes Five-Star Awards (second consecutive year)
CRYSTALS
LEED Gold Certified Building 2010 Innovative Design in Engineering and Architecture with Structural Steel awards program (AISC) 2011 ICSC Design And Development Award 2012 VIVA “Best-of-the-Best” designation by the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)
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site & context site and context.
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
With diversity, art and entertainment serving as an urban context toward the design. The owners and its partners of CityCenter took a gamble that people will flock to a resort that offers contemporary architecture. 9
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the direction in architecture.
questions the direction in architecture. direction of architecture
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
1
1
designed by some of the most acclaimed architects of contemporary time
designed by some of the most acclaimed architects of contemporary time unique design; difficult to recognize the direction
unique design; difficult to recognize the direction
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buildings reference to the phenomenological context of the Strip
buildings reference to the phenomenological context of the Strip
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uniquedirection character. of architecture Unique character unique character.
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
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2
own characteristics and having no reference or historical context for the most part
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CCLV is architecturally unique own characteristics and having no reference or historical context for the most part post-modernism/modern with an emphasis on sustainability CCLV is architecturally unique
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veer towers and crystals. Veer Towers and Crystals direction of architecture
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
VEER TOWERS -Veer towers: metaphorical, symbolic and the “baroqueish” nature -sustainable complex -sustainable strategies lead all the towers to achieve LEED gold standard
CRYSTALS -“hybrid and complex design forms, variable with surprises while merging conventional with abstract” -Thomas -Crystals: the masses evoke the imagery of shards of crystals rising from the ground 14
innovative approach
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
question
direction of architecture
Innovative Approach
- change and exemplify the way the Las Vegas Strip had been realized in the past - abandonment of themed-concepts - goal to be vertical, dense, and sustainable 3
- innovative approach of inviting internationally renowned architects to design a modernist building
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direction of architecture the direction in architecture. The direction in architecture
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
4
ultimate goal: produce revenue. attracts tourists and “high-rollers� who influenced the design hotel rooms, casinos, condos, retail, dining, entertainment and leisure 14
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sustainablility and social interaction.
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
direction of architecture
Sustainability and Social and Interaction sustainablility social interaction. introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
LEED - 6 LEED Gold Certifications -LEED natural-gas-fired plant that contributs to overall electricity use - 6 LEED Gold Certifications - step forward in sustainability on the Strip - natural-gas-fired plant that contributs to overall electricity use - step forward in sustainability on the Strip
INTERACTION - place for social activity, culture, identity and security
INTERACTION
- Niches for display of public art and - place for social activity, culture, identity pedestrian walkways and security - sacrificed the density of the development - Niches for display of public art and pedestrian walkways 15
- sacrificed the density of the development
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direction of architecture place and identity. and identity. Place andplace Identity introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion questions introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
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5
Thomas’ cultural needs have been incorporated
needs beenand incorporated first true attempt in Las Thomas’ Vegas tocultural create a sensehave of place identity in a tourist populated area first true attempt in Las Vegas to create sense oftoplace identity in a tourist populated area modernist approach andaattempt denseand mixed use development 16
modernist approach and attempt to dense mixed use development
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direction of architecture
mandarin oreitnal Mandarin Oriental and Vdara and Hotelvdara hotel. introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
MANDARIN ORIENTAL VDARA HOTEL - specific goals providing opened vistas natural daylight penetration comfortable active spaces - residences, relaxing spas, and other - modernist approach, a high-rise skeleton construction enveloped by a curtain wall - simplification of form and absence of applied decoration 19
of architecture interior modernist direction approach. Interior Modernist Approach
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
generous penetration of natural light provide dramatic views living spaces flow together as part of one contiguous interior space creation of lifestyle 18
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direction of architecture
vision in architecture. New Vision new in Architecture
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture
conclusion
questions
8
new vision in architecture restore its integrity and elevate the qualities of the social environment enhance the urban experience
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conclusion. Conclusion
introduction project abstract site and context direction of architecture conclusion
questions
CityCenter is a city within a city that accommodated for a refined lifestyle, entertainment, and a social space. CCLV had a specific goals including providing each guest with open vistas, natural daylight penetration, and comfortable active spaces. The architects aimed at achieving architecture that could restore its integrity in the eyes of the ordinary people and elevate the qualities of the social environment to enhance the urban experience.
“Our buildings exemplify our belief that the arts of architecture and urbanism are inseparable; when a structure is completed, the client has not only made a contribution to their future, but to the future of a city as well.� -Paul Katz, principal of KPF
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City Center Las Vegas ter Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
ure and Architectural Response
2. Architectural Response to Multidimensional Requirements AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Pulido, Yoo Jin Alexis Suh Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Group 1: Alfred Kimberlyn Caoagas, einen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
g 2013
Professor Al-douri
contextual edge
sustainable design & suatainable construction
holism
Javier Barrera, Edrick Ferreras, Tyler Johnson, Kitty Slaughter Eric Gross, Luz Olsen, Nasar Saghafi, Roland Santos Jr.
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Las Vegas strip
contextual edge
Every casino is themed, designed to attract tourist’s attention Each casino is designed as a separate entity in an effort to bring in larger revenue’s With each casino vying for attention, each new casino must be bigger and better 24
Surrounding Context of City Center
contextual edge
Ignores surrounding context, not incorporating any of the surrounding building’s elements Although with the gambling industry CityCenter follows the context by not following the context Instead of relying on outside influences, the project was designed to become only itself, nothing else incorporated
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Size & Complex
contextual edge
Size
Complex
With a menagerie of buildings, this is the largest complex on the Strip
Multiple buildings, Designed for both Pedestrian
Follows the casino history by building bigger and better than everything around it
and Vehicular Traffic
Pedestrian: Crystals’
Vehicle: Vdara, Aria, Mandarin Oriental, Veer
Towers 26
Contextual Edge
contextual edge
CityCenter was sensitive to the site and context Neighborliness: height compared to its surroundings Las Vegas strip is unique - Identity of Las Vegas deals with being different from others CityCenter has no major theme
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Architectural Context
contextual edge
Connecting CityCenter by transit with the adjoining Bellagio and Monte Carlo properties Also shows its sensitivity to the site and context, Because it creates an even larger setting that guests, and visitors can experience by walking, Without ever having to use their automobiles or cabs to get to their destinations
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Pedestrian
contextual edge
Connection to Strip Pedestrian Bridges Separate people from traffic Walkway at street edge Vegetation keeps people from traffic People and Vehicle Interaction Only a few spaces inside the property boundary that create interaction points
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Interior Emphasis
Interior Designed Weather With tourists not able to cope with the heat, the interior becomes the most important space
contextual edge
Exterior to Compliment the Interior Advertising Any advertising is created to attract people to the interior of the building
Economics With casinos wanting to make the most revenue, the interior is the only place that
All activities take place inside, not outside 30
Proportion and Human Scale
holism
Aria is the centerpiece of the whole project, and its proportion in comparison to the rest of the project is visibly larger, giving it higher sense of importance Crystals’ retail and entertainment building is proportionally smaller the rest of the project because it responds more to the human scale Subjectivity surrounds the idea of ideal proportions of a given structure Two main objectives: to create pleasing aesthetics through harmonious proportion, and to create a sense of order among the elements in a visual construction
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Color and Texture
holism
The facade of both buildings are distinguished by their pattern of blue horizontal stripes that articulate each floor The blue hue of the buildings evoke a soothing effect among individuals The textures on the curtain walls of both structures are smooth and similar to one another, showing the structures correlation to one another
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Color and Texture
holism
In the design of the Mandarin Oriental, the scale of
These sunscreens are also a golden hue, similar
the buildings rooms are reflected in the horizontal
to the Mandarin Oriental, showing an aesthetic
painted aluminum patterns on the faรงade
connection through color to the adjacent property
The texture of the building is also smooth, similar to
The sunscreens give the two towers a rough texture,
the Aria and Vdara
which is different from most of the buildings in the project
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Color and Texture
holism
Crystals’ retail and entertainment structure is clad
Shades of blue in a fluctuating horizontal pattern
in a unique reflective metal that changes as one
on the curtain wall of the building
moves past it Through its blue hue and smooth texture, the HarThe retail structures crystalline form, color, and
mon Hotel uses commonalities seen throughout
smooth texture allow the building to stand out on
to CityCenter derive its aesthetic qualities
the Las Vegas Strip as the gem of the city
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Contextual Aesthetic Analysis
holism
The design of the Vdara and Aria were meant to complement nearby resort casino properties The crescent-like shape is a common form found in other properties in the area Additionally, within the Master Plan each of the distinct buildings that compose CityCenter responds to one another in terms of aesthetics, through materiality and hierarchy of spaces
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LEED Design Principles
sustainable construction & design
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Construction
sustainable construction & design
Construction and demolition waste was almost entirely diverted from landfill, and construction waste was minimized 95% of all construction waste that would have ended up in landfills was recycled During the construction process to reclaim water from the neighboring Monte Carlo Resort & Casino contributed to savings of 2.4-million gallons of potable water
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Construction
sustainable construction & design
Ventilation systems Completely sealed until installation Protected dust, smoke and harmful particles that were present on the construction site Improved indoor air quality
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Minimize Resource Consumption
sustainable construction & design
Gasoline A majority of the materials were purchased from local and regional vendors Onsite concrete construction plant By reducing the amount of shipping and transportation less gasoline is consumed
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Maximize resource reuse
sustainable construction & design
Boardwalk Hotel 85% of the materials were salvaged for reuse Doors, hardware, scrap steel, and caret were resold Tiles, concrete, and asphalt were crushed and used as structural filler Bathroom fixtures were packed in old drapes and carpet and shipped to Mexico Construction Debris 95% of the construction waste was 40
Use renewable or Recyclable resources
sustainable construction & design
More Reused Resources To control the dust the workers sprayed the water repurposed from the Monte Carlo’s cooling tower 100% of Maya Lin’s Colorado River sculpture was made from reclaimed silver 41
Protect the natural environment
sustainable construction & design
Water Conservation With their current strategies in place the complex saves around 50 million gallons of water per year They had specially designed fixtures made because they were unhappy with what was available in the market The landscape uses 60% less water than traditional landscapes because of the moisture control sensors and drought tolerant plants Groundwater Due to the low amounts of waste going to the landfill the groundwater has less potential to become contaminated 42
Restore environments degraded by past activities
Forest Stewardship Council Half of the wood needed for the design came from the FSC They ensure that clear cutting is avoided, all laws are followed, and all ecosystems and native species are protected
sustainable construction & design
Sustainable Education The MGM Mirage implemented several sustainable strategies into all of their Las Vegas properties and have reduced their energy consumption by 6% They also taught 40,000 of their employees how to reduce their persona environmental impact
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Create a Healthy, Non-toxic Environmenment
sustainable construction & design sustanable construction & design
Working Conditions During construction the workers had designated site where they could smoke This prevented any tobacco fumes from being absorbed into the wallpaper and carpets Material Selection All of the paints, sealants, adhesives, carpets, and composite wood products were chosen based on their ability to not release toxic substances into the air after the building becomes occupied 44
Design / Sustainability
sustainable construction & design sustanable construction & design
The high performance faรงades in each tower Specially coated low-emittance insulating glass Sunshades Exterior features helped reduce the heat transfer from the sun onto the buildings Reflective rooftops
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Design / Sustainability
sustainable construction & design
Cooling method and its slot machines Development of slot machine bases that serve as floor air-conditioning units, Efficiently cooling guests from the ground up Rather than wasting energy on empty space by cooling from the ceiling
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Respect the Site
sustainable construction & design
Site Manipulation In the Strip of Las Vegas, maximizing site manipulation is largely driven by economics pressures, since the city relies heavily on the taxes generated by the gambling industry
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Energy Conservation
sustainable construction & design
LEED Recognition The natural gas co-generation plant provides efficient electricity to the site It also uses waste heat to provide domestic hot water CityCenter was designed with LEED standards in mind since its conceptual design
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Program that Respects the End User.
sustainable construction & design
Programmatic Zones The various buildings that compose CityCenter had clear goals in mind Makes use of residential, retail, wellness, entertainment, and hospitality throughout the complex 49
Conclusion Context Las Vegas is unique because it follows an industry context, not a visual context. Everything is different which means everything is the same. Holism Throughout the CityCenter project color and textural harmony are applied in the design of each building to create a balanced architectural aesthetic. Sustainability CityCenter is successfully sustainable in certain aspects like using the radiant heat from the natural gas plant to heat the water, but as a whole it was not very successful.
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City Center Las Vegas ter Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
ture and Architectural Response
3. Precedent Analysis
Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Pulido, Yoo Jin Alexis Suh Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Group 1: Alfred Kimberlyn Caoagas, einen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
ng 2013
(Case Study Analysis on Similar Projects) AAE 481 Spring 2013 Professor Al-douri
Professor Al-douri
Gloucester Green Canal City Hakata Masdar City Centre Saadiyat Island Al Raha Beach Development Galaxy Soho Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Yuri An, Adam Beck, Shirin Moqimi, Divina Arellano
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by Kendrick Associates
Gloucester Green
Location: Oxford, England Date: 1980 Project Type: Mix-Use Goal: Architecturally there has been a clear attempt to create a definite place within the city, as a ‘stylish quarter’; a place for locals.
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Conditions
Gloucester Green
Living Conditions Gloucester Green incorporates flats, shops, restaurants, a bus station, and a large open space. pedestrian friendly transport advantage Las Vegas: Tourist City Residents do not necessarily want to live on the strip. City Center is not the most accessible for pedestrians 53
by Jerde Associates
Canal City Hakata
Location: Fukuoka, Japan. Date: 1996 Project Type: Mix-Use Goal: “city within the city” city of Fukuoka hardly visible, to create an atmosphere like an oasis away from the rest of the town.
54
Conditions
Canal City Hakata
Canal City Hakata a tourist attraction pedestrian friendly The nearby shops, boomed in market City Center wanted to be a world-class urban gathering place for the city’s residents. If it created better walk-able outdoor spaces, better shopping experience, variety of shopping prices.
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by Laboratory for Visionary Architecture (LAVA)
Masdar City Centre
Location: Masdar City about 17km from Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates Project Type: Mix-Use Goal: Designed to integrate sustainable technology and modern architectural design in the worlds first eco city. The design includes a plaza, five-star hotel, a convention center, entertainment complex, and retail facilities
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Design Focused on 3 Key Points
Masdar City Centre
Performance demonstrate the use and benefits of sustainable technology in a modern architectural environment. Activation to activate or operate the sustainable technology in accordance with the functional needs of this environment, 24 hours a day, and 365 days a year. Interaction To encourage and stimulate a social dynamic where the life, values, ideals, and vision of the population of Masdar evolve 57
The Oasis of The Future
Masdar City Centre
“Masdar Plaza is “The Oasis of the Future”: a living, breathing, active, adaptive environment; stimulated by the social interaction of people, and showcasing the use and benefits of sustainable technology”
-LAVA
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Sustainability
Masdar City Centre
The Plaza is the social center Masdar, with 24 hour access to all public facilities. Interactive, heat sensitive technology activates low intensity lighting in response to pedestrian traffic. Photovoltaic technology used throughout the design for energy collection. Roof gardens integrate food production, energy generation, water efficiency, and reuse of organic food waste. Water features can be stored underground during the day and function at night, triggered by pedestrians that approach. 59
Sustainability
Masdar City Centre
“Our aim is to provide the Abu Dhabi Energy Company with the lowest possible carbon footprint, whilst maintaining the highest level of user experience within the practical viability of affordable architecture.�
-LAVA 60
Energy
Masdar City Centre
The building uses a combination of aggressive energy conservation techniques and the use of renewable energy. The design of the umbrellas in the plaza are based off of sunflowers. They move throughout the day to follow the sun across the sky and provide the most efficient energy collection and shading.
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Circulation
Masdar City Centre
No automobiles are permitted within the city walls. Transportation is accomplished via walking, public mass transit, and personal rapid transit (PRT) systems. This allows for a much more pedestrian friendly environment 62
Master Plan by Gensler with Buro Happold
Saadiyat Island
Location: United Arab Emirates Date: 2004-2020 Cost: $27 Billion Project Type: Enclave City Goal: Developing from an oil-based economy, the United Arab Emirates is reinventing the resort into a touristbased economy. The significance of Saadiyat Island is that it acts as a symbolic capitol and is defined as the sum of cultural and social recognition.
63
Similar Vision
Masdar City Centre
Using Starchitects Hadid, Ando, Foster, Gehry, and Nouvel, Saadiyat Island will become the cultural center of UAE. City Center Las Vegas becomes a project that will literally reshape the Las Vegas skyline and create a new international destination for entertainment, dining, nightlife, retail, art and design.
64
Foster + Partners
Al Raha Beach
Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Date: 2007 Project Type: Mix-Use Goal: The project brings together a carefully chosen mix of offices, apartments, hotel and shops to encourage a constant pattern of economic and social activity throughout the day.
65
Sustainability
Al Raha Beach
Al Raha Beach Development’s design response to the climate and topography evolved the building through process of sophisticated environmental computer analysis. City Center includes complex window glazing, building shades, and light-colored rooftops reflect and deflect intense desert sunlight.
66
Zaha Hadid Architects
Galaxy SOHO
Location: Beijing, China Date: 2009-2012 Project Type: Mixed-use Commercial Goal: the design concepts of the project is to create an internal world reflecting the theme of the Chinese courtyard.
67
Design Idea
Galaxy SOHO
Four main domed structures, fused together by bridges and platforms between curving floor plates to create a fluid environment that surrounds a series of public courtyards and a larger central “canyon�.
Parametric Design: The four volumes adapt to each other in all directions to generate a panoramic architecture without corners or abrupt transitions.
68
Similar Design Approach
Galaxy SOHO
Galaxy SOHO: Courtyards create a space of easy flow and easy orientation. The interplay of light and shadow and of closed and open space while moving within the volumes.
CityCenter Las Vegas: The courtyard aids to smooth public circulation in regard for high-density surroundings.
69
by Trahan Architects
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Location: Zhengzhou, China Date: Not build yet Project Type: Mixed-Use Goal: The concept is part of a broad scale master plan for redeveloping Zhengzhou through ecological and infrastructure development.
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Design Idea
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Implementing a two-part initiative: ecological and infrastructural development.
Ecological development prioritizes the surrounding natural resources, such as forest park.
The gaps between the towers and the podium steps back from the street so that its planted terraces can draw visitors up to a park-like inner sanctum.
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Disadvantage in Design Approach
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development
Zhengzhou Mixed-Use Development: Interior courtyards in each tower to bring natural light inside the structure as a sustainable strategy. CityCenter Las Vegas: Lack of use of natural sources as interior lighting by having enclosed buildings with a clear faรงade.
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Conclusion
After reviewing all of our case studies we feel that overall CityCenter was a general success as it achieved its goals of being the largest sustainable project of its kind, however, we feel that there was a lot of lost potential to achieve much more in the sense of sustainability, efficiency, and social interaction.
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City Center Las Vegas ter Las Vegas Direction of Architecture and Architectural Response
ture and Architectural Response
4. Regional Transformation, Technology AAE 481 Spring 2013 and ProfessorEco-Culture Al-douri
Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Pulido, Yoo Jin Alexis Suh Gabriel, Jaclyn Kidd, Alfred Pulido, Yoo Jin Suh Group 1: Alfred Kimberlyn Caoagas, einen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda Group 2: Andres Diaz, Josh Heinen,Vignesh Kamath, Erendida Zepeda
ng 2013
Professor Al-douri
Spectrum of Approaches Color and Texture Eco-Development Technology Mathematics, Connections in Architecture Computation in Architecture Critique
Melody Quihuis, Alberto Sanchez, Kyle Fischer, Thomas Maderick Adrian Bouche, Thanh Le, Bryan Oxborrow, Levi Unruh
74
Spectrum of Approaches
Indirect vs Direct approach towards regional context Uses unconventional forms to create its own identity Each building has its own identity and is designed with an indirect approach towards the region.
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Spectrum of Approaches
Indirect Approach
Crystals vs Conventional Las Vegas mall
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Spectrum of Approaches
Regional Architecture and Identity
Can not be seen as a prime object of architecture Project took a modern approach of design Designed the project using a high density approach as opposed to other examples in the area 77
Color and Texture
Color and Texture
Harmonious Approach to create a sense of Unity Unified expression of glass as a texture Steering away from “Themed Structures” 78
Public Art
Color & Texture
The first major permanent collection of art in Las Vegas to be integrated into a public space
Big Edge
Reclining connected forms
Silver state
Nancy Rubins
Henry Moore
Maya Lin
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Site Identity
Color & Texture
“A City within a City� Creates its own sense of place by stepping away from typical themed casinos 76 acre site is developed to be sustained within itself
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Eco-Development Decentralization
Eco-Development
5 buildings vs. 1 large building Communication from small firms and contracts up
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Use of and Maximization of Local Materials
Eco-Development
80% reuse of Broadwalk Hotel demolition material. Stone cut from quarry 30 miles away. Recycling and reclaiming water. Using native desert vegetation. Farms to table - local farmers. Production of energy and material onsite.
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Participation of Local People
Eco-Development
Participation of more than 200 firms, most being local Helped firms start and expanded their business Provided opportunity for new jobs Had the highest diverse firm participation
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Quality of Life
Eco-Development
A stringent indoor air quality plan During construction, developers selected paints, sealants, adhesives, carpet and composite wood products that do not contain toxic substances The airflow in ARIA’s casino streams from the floor to the ceiling
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Appropriate Technology
Technology
Central to ecodevelopment: Decentralization Cultural context and scale: Large scale of mixed-use high rises integrated with Gaming
85
Intermediate Technology
Technology
Low in capital cost 10% saving on overall uses of energy conservation Used recycled material from Boardwalk Hotel Used reclaimed water from Monte Carlo Resort & Casino for dust control Use of local materials Labor intensive
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Hybrid Technology
Technology
Integration of East and West (Do not promote eco-development): Mandarin Oriental Las Vegas Decentralized Policy and Practice
87
Information Technology
Technology
Monitor and controls building’s environmental performance Slot machine bases ventilation for air-conditioning Smart Controls in guest rooms 88
Technology Critique
Glass Curtain Walls = Lack of attention to REGIONAL CLIMATE
Technology
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Connections in Architecture Complexity Theory
Mathematics
Complexity of program and organization
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Optimization
Mathematics
Optimazation of sustainable practices, mechanical system and resources
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Connections in Architecture Complexity Theory
Mathematics
Surface properties include Curvature Double Curvature Self intersection Plane tetonics Thiness
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Computation in Architecture
Computation
Specifically Look at two projects and how they used algorithmic equations to determine form:
Veer Towers
Crystals
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Veer Towers
Computation
Five degree shift in opposing directions for each tower. Goal for the project was to make it seem like the towers were dancing.
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Euclidean Geometry
Computation
Commonly used in determining structural attributes for ribs and cross bracing in domes and vaults
Structural Bracing
Statistical Stability in Time Reversal
Radio Wave Theory
Euclidean Geometry and the formula for
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Connections in Architecture Complexity Theory
Computation
Although not clearly stated, Euclidean Geometry was most likely used to determine triangular forms 96
Adequacy and Novelty
Critique
Environmental and climatic factors Socio-economic factors Cultural and regional identity
97
Charles Correa’s Multi-Dimensional Approach
Critique
Sustainable approach Accessible to public transit Economic and social development
98
Local Cultural Forms
Critique
No specific cultural identity for Las Vegas Collage of stand-alone themed structures City Center, first major attempt at an “original� architectural cultural identity 99
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