REQUIREMENTS OF UBBL for Daylight
AAR 3252 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE AND MANAGEMENT 1 SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2021 / 2022 APPLICATION OF UBBL ON BUILDING DESIGN GROUP MEMBER : MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN OMAR (1914161) NUMAN NABIL BIN NAZARUDIN (1918431) MUHAMAD DANIAL HAKIM BIN YUSRI (1914669) MUHAMMAD ARIF BIN MOHD RAFEDIN (1919761) NIK NUR AFIQAH BINTI HAMDI (1911266) SITI AISAH BINTI AMBOK SULONG (1911386) NAME OF LECTURER : ASSOC. PROF. DATIN AR. DR. NORWINA BINTI MOHD NAWAWI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01
02
Abstract
Islamic Perspective
03
04
UBBL
MS 1525
05
06
Application
References
4
ABSTRACT The
booklet
is
a
study
about
the
requirements of daylighting for the buildings design stated in Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL). According to UBBL, only one clause stated
daylighting
requirements
which
is
clause 39. The booklet includes the Malaysia Standards 1525 examine the consideration that
needs
to
apply
in
the
buildings
maximize the use of the daylight. a
few
examples
of
the
to
There are
application
of
daylighting to buildings that can see how the
designers
implement
it
the
real
application.
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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ُه َو اَّلِذ ْي َجَع َل الَّش ْم َس ِض َي ۤاًء َّو اْلَق َم َر ُنْو ًرا He it is Who gave the sun radiance and the moonlight (Yunus: 5)
The sun's role as one of the earth's energy sources is discussed in this verse. This source of energy is in the form of heat rays, which may
illuminate
plants,
and
aid
photosynthesis,
the
pollination
and
many
of
other
benefits for human life and the universe.
َوَس َّخَر َلُكُم ٱَّلْي َل َو ٱلَّنَه اَر َو ٱلَّش ْم َس َو ٱْلَق َم َر ۖ َو ٱلُّنُجوُم ُم َس َّخَٰر ٌۢت ِبَأْم ِرِهٓۦ ۗ ِإَّن ِفى َٰذ ِلَك َلَٔـ اَيٰـ ٍۢت ِّلَق ْو ٍۢم َيْع ِق ُلوَن And He has subjected for your benefit the day and the night, the sun and the moon. And the stars have been subjected by His command. Surely in this are signs for those who understand. (An-Nahl: 12)
From
this
verse,
Allah
explains
that
He
controls the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. All that is for the benefit of mankind
and
as
a
favor
that
God
has
created for them. Also, in the verse, Allah emphasizes once again that the sun, moon, and stars are clear signs for those who want to think of the signs of God's power and can understand the laws that apply in this world. In this case with a glimpse of the signs of God's
power
that
are
within
their
reach,
man will be able to know the greatness of his Creator.
6
UBBL CLAUSE 39
(1) Every room designed, adapted, or used for residential, business, or other purposes except hospitals and schools shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area not less than 10% of the clear floor area of such room, shall openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 5% of such floor area.
(2) Every room used for the accommodation of patients in a hospital shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 15 of clear floor area of such room and shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air or not less than 10% of such floor area
One or more windows having a total area not less than 10% of the clear floor area
Exp: room of 10ft wide with 120sqft, minimum size of window should be 12sqft
7
UBBL CLAUSE 39
(3) Every room used for the purpose of conducting classes in a school shall be provided with natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 20% of the clear floor area of such rooms and shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 10% of such floor area.
(4) Every water closet, latrine, urinal, or bathroom shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more openings having a total area of not less than 0.2 square metres per water closet, urinal latrine, or bathroom and such openings shall be capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air.
Have one or more openings with a total area of not less than 0.2 square metres per water closet, urinal latrine, or bathroom
Building should have 10% ad more of natural lighting and ventilation
One or more windows having a total area of not less than 20% of the clear floor area
Have opening capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 10% of such floor area 8
MS 1525 CLAUSE 4.3: SITE PLANNING AND ORIENTATION
The building orientation take importants rule to optimized the daylighting. In
MS 1525 is
stated the basic rule for buildings’ orientation is to prevent facades with the majority of openings facing east or west for avoiding the harsh morning and afternoon sun.
It is
because toward North-South the building will receive indirect sunlight which can reduce the heat gain and glare that can affect of thermal and visual comfort of the occupant.
The principal longitudinal orientation of buildings with rectangular plans must be oriented on an axis 5° northeast. However, if the buildings are not possible to have the east-west longitudinal orientation, the shading devices advised in this scenario may vary depending on orientation.
9
MS 1525 CLAUSE 4.3: SITE PLANNING AND ORIENTATION
The best orientation of future development discovery center and sun path direction for all sites in Kuah Town, Langkawi, Kedah.
CENTER
SITE A
CENTER
SITE B
CENTER
SITE C
10
MS 1525 CLAUSE 4.4: DAYLIGHTING
According to MS 1525, it mentioned in clause 4.4 about the consideration that need to fulfill to have a good day lighting :-
Physical (shape and size) which daylight will penetrate
Protection from visual discomfort such as glare and silhouette caused by external and internal building elements
Space orientation and organisation
Visual contrast between adjacent surfaces (e,g, between walls and ceilings)
Internal floor, wall and ceiling surface properties (colour and reflectivity)
11
MS 1525 Clause 4.5: Facade Study
The façade of a building is its exterior face, which includes the fenestration and other components that characterize the structure's shape and aesthetics, allow for inside climate management, and protect people from the elements. A well-designed façade can aid in optimizing daylighting and thermal comfort.
Sunshading is one of the most significant parts of façade design. Understanding the sun's movement with respect to the site by examining the required sun path diagrams is the most basic need.
Solar altitude : The angle between the sun's position and the horizontal plane
Solar azimuth : The clockwise angle between the North reference and the perpendicular projection of the sundown into the horizontal plane
Solar Angles Sun path diagrams depict the sun's apparent passage across the sky. The sun's position in the sky is determined by two angles: solar azimuth (
φ) and solar altitude (β).
To construct proper sun shading projections, the crucial Vertical Shadow Angle (VSA)
and
the Horizontal Shadow Angle (HSA) for each façade must be established.
Solar azimuth and Solar altitude
Altitude and HSA
Solar altitude, HSA and VSA
Solar Angles and Shadow Angles 12
MS 1525 Clause 4.5: Facade Study
There are two fundamental types of outside shading devices: horizontal and vertical, which may be combined in a variety of ways to suit various envelope forms and orientations.
13
APPLICATION Smart Glass
Smart glass refers to a category of materials and technologies that can be switched between
transparent
and
opaque
states,
as
well
as
translucent,
reflective,
and
retro-
reflective states. Applying a voltage to the material or executing a simple mechanical motion is used to switch it.
Smart Glass
Opaque States
Transparent States
Smart glass windows, skylights, and other structures can be utilized to regulate inside lighting, adjusting for differences in the brightness of the light outdoors and the needed brightness within.
E-field
Transparent State (Homotropic state)
Sunlight
Translucent State (Focal conic state)
Transparent State (Isotropic state)
The glass will change from a translucent state to a transparent state when it is exposed to sunlight radiation and applied vertical electric eld.
14
APPLICATION Smart Glass
Differences between the outside and inside after applying the smart glass.
OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE
INSIDE TEMPERATURE
Daylight Daylight penetration without losses Refllection of redundant ultraviolet light
Partial penetration of the sun heat
Prevent outflow of the longwaves warmth emission generated by heating appliances
Flowers don'ts wither at the window
15
APPLICATION Fibre Optic Concrete Wall
Making a secured structural concrete wall transparent by inserting optical fibre cables into it is another means of daylighting a space.
Fibre Optic
Concrete Wall
View from wall's surface
View from wall's section
Daylight (and shadowy images) will flow through a strong solid-concrete wall, allowing natural light to enter the room.
Optical Fibres
20 cm edisnI
edistuO
TC
Light
Insulation Diffuser
Translucent Concrete (TC)
16
APPLICATION Light Tubes
The light tube, also known as a tubular daylighting device (TDD) is a daylighting device that is installed in on roof and allows light to a targeted space of the interior.
Solar Tubes
Light tubes are greatly reflective tubes that collect light from the roof’s domes. They assist in bringing the light to windowless areas within the building over the day without causing glare or requiring the use of electricity.
Afternoon
Clear plastic roof light
Middy Morning
Dusk Sun tube with mirror finish internally Insulated loft space Internal room
Components of Solar Tube
Reflection in Solar Tube
17
APPLICATION Light Tubes
Based on the table below is the estimation space size requirement that can be lit based on the
tube’s
diameter.
The
size
of
a
light
tube
system
is
determined
by
the
ambient
circumstances, location, and height of collector installation, as well as the diffuser type and quality.
Light tubes can come in a variety of designs based on the desire and creativity of designers.
18
APPLICATION Light Shelves
A light shelf is a passive architectural element that allows natural light to enter a building. Usually, direct sunlight may generate glare near the aperture while the areas further in will leave it dark and gloomy.
Light Shelf
By application of a light shelf, the ‘bouncing’ sunlight off a horizontal surface transmits it more uniformly and deeply into space.
Model with no light shelf
Model with light shelf
19
APPLICATION Sawtooth Roof
A sawtooth roof is another option for angled glass on the roof (which is usually found in older factories).
Sawtooth Roof
Fritz Hansen Factory, Denmark To catch diffused light, sawtooth roofs feature vertical roof glass pointing away from the equator side of the building (as opposed to the more harsh direct equator-side solar gain).
East to Northwest
SP layed short-well skylights have better light distribution Northeast to North
Excellect location for photovoltaic panels
Deep well skylights illuminate best directly below
20
Application Atrium
An atrium is a large open space within the building. Natural daylight allowed through a glass roof or wall is frequently employed to illuminate a central circulation or public space.
Atrium
Centralised
Atrium
Semi-enclosed
Attached
Linear
Although an atrium delivers some daylight to nearby work areas, the quantity is usually limited and does not penetrate the other spaces very well. The fundamental purpose of an atrium is to offer individuals working spaces with a visual experience and a degree of interaction with the outside environment.
Hankook Technoplex,Seoul
21
Application Skylight and Roof Lantern
Skylights are light-transmitting fenestration or glazing items that fill apertures in a building, such as windows, doors, and other openings that make up all or part of the roof area. Skylights are frequently employed in the daylighting design of residential and commercial buildings because they are the most efficient source of daylight per unit space.
Sun Tunnels Skylights
Small Dark Spaces
Roof Windows Attics
Living Areas
Flat Roof Skylights
Extensions
A roof lantern that rests above the roof as opposed to a skylight that is built into the roof structure is an alternative to a skylight. Roof lanterns are often wooden or metal structures with glazed glass panels that serve as both an architectural aesthetic component and a technique of delivering natural light into an area.
Roof Lantern
22
Application Clerestory Windows
Another important component of daylighting is the use of clerestory windows, which are lofty, vertically oriented windows. They can be used to boost direct sunlight gain when pointed towards the equator. Clerestory windows and other windows that face the sun may allow in an excessive quantity of glare.
Clerestory WIndows
Adjacent Roof Level
Alternatively, clerestory windows can be used to provide diffuse daylight into space like an office or studio, evenly lighting it. Interior walls painted white or another bright color are typically reflected by clerestory windows.
Waxman House by Barry Moffitt 23
24
References M., Bhd, P. A. S., Malaysia, & Penerbitan Akta (M) Sdn. Bhd. (2010). Uniform Building By-laws 1984 (G.N. 5178/1984). Penerbitan Akta (M).
Department of Standards Malaysia. (2014). MS 1525:2014 - Free Download PDF. Malaysia Standard.
Retrieved
December
25,
2021,
from
https://kupdf.net/download/ms-
Lowe.
Interior
15252014_5aa8c298e2b6f514422368cd_pdf
Lowe,
A.
(2017,
May
12).
Post
author:
Antonia
Designer
Antonia
Lowe.
https://antonialoweinteriors.com/daylighting-methods-in-architecture-and-which-arepresent-in-the-building
Mour, P. (2022, January 31). 10 Things to remember when designing in Tropical climate. RTF | Rethinking The Future. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a212910-things-to-remember-when-designing-in-tropical-climate/
https://www.slideshare.net/DeepakThapa19/day-lighting
Google. (n.d.). Bembook. http://www.google.com/?title=Solar_Shading
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