Temporary Futures and The City: Prototype futures for urban revitalisation

And the city Architecture Research Portfolio.

Initial Hypothesis

Chris Bourke, “Carrington is Aarhus”: University of Newcastle, 2018.

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Initial Hypothesis “Temporal Architectures enable cities to rapidly experiment and provide platforms for protest.”

The aim of this design research is to critique “Temporal Architectures” and provide

These camps are ephemeral and have all but disappeared, the perceived time-frame

a hypothesis on which future research will be based.

of architectural narrative is short lived.

Where Rice would argue that “architecture need not be permanent,” Architectural

In 2017, I travelled in Denmark and visited the city of Aarhus the 2017 European Capital of Culture. I was particularly interested

Theorist Juhani Pallasmaa provides a counter that contemporary buildings “seem to be all about the moment of ‘now.’” It is

in a particular fragment of the city, the old freight railway station at Godsbanen. This site, within 1 kilometre of the city centre,

important that we view rapid architecture as an expression of the time in which it happened.

has underwent a renewal and now has facilities for performance, events and

Time, in terms of rapid architecture is short.

conference spaces. Open workshops have been set up for community use, free of charge, enabling creative practice to

The short time frame in terms of the city can be very valuable, where vacancy may take place for many years. Bishop provides

flourish with crafts people, “artists, theatre designers and entrepreneurs.” Professor Perter Bishop identifies this area as a “zone

the example of Architect Roger Zogolovich, who has encouraged “meanwhile use” to take part on the site of his development in

of tolerance” within Aarhus, in this area I started to identify architecture that was

London, these cases provide necessary discourse to take place with city author-

temporary and radical.

Temporary and radical architecture, allow

ities. This talks to the idea of zones of tolerance, when city authorities encourage the temporary activities and buildings to

activities to occupy public space and politicise a message or protest directly through the form of these architectures. The Occu-

take place, cities and policy can adapt.

Bishop argues that “An over-planned and over-regulated city is a sterile city,” in terms

py Movement of 2011 – 2012 is one such example, Professor Louis Rice argues that the architecture of the Occupy Movement

of the city of Newcastle, this statement is probably appropriate.

was “transient, ephemeral or fragile” which is representative of the “society that erect-

In researching and critiquing the information surrounding this subject, I began to

ed them.” The visual of a makeshift, tarp tent, in a public space, in a western city, occupied by as stated by Architect Critique

form the hypothesis that: Temporal Architectures enable cities to rapidly experiment and provide platforms for protest.

Ipek TürelI “well to do college student[s]” is a powerful protest image.

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Temporary Architecture Strategies

Strategy for the use of space where after maturing the use remains after the temporary occupation has ended and possible redevelopment occurs.

Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Consolidated temporariness

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Stand-in temporariness

Strategy for the use of space whilst waiting for conventional development to take place or progress.

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Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Impulsive temporariness

Strategy for the use to carry on program in new forms.

The temporary use of space is not place dependant.

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Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Coexistent temporariness

Strategy for the temporary use to become a more permanent fixture that is continues its use along side new development.

Parasitic temporariness

Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Strategy for the use to take advantage of an existing infrastructure and attach itself in a way that exploits this arrangement.

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Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Pioneering temporariness

Strategy for the use temporary use of space that appropriates the site and continues use in new novel arrangement.

Subversive temporariness

Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Note: Strategies reference research from:

Strategy for the use of space with the intention of disruption and protest.

Clandestine activity may take place that challenge social convention.

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Note: Strategies reference research from:

Strategy for the disruption of established use to a temporary use.

Displacement of the existing use can lead to beneficial outcomes for reinvigoration of the temporary and existing use.

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Philipp Oswalt, Klaus Overmeyer, Philipp Misselwitz, “Urban Catalyst: The Power of Temporary Use�, 2013.

Displaced temporariness

Identifying the Parameters

Temporary Locations Sites are highly adaptable regardless of whether they are an existing building or an empty space.

Chris Bourke, “Newcastle’s Commercial Vacancy Diagram” (2018).

The flexibility of temporary architecture to respond to a site provides the mechanism to explore differing scales of architectural response within the city.

The location of temporary architecture within the city is highly dependent on the intended outcomes and relate to other parameters for each use case.

A location with existing infrastructure might take on a parasitic strategy, whereas a open public space might use a pioneering or subversive strategy.

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Temporary Policies

Legislative frameworks dictate the way in which we build the environment around us. The lack of prescriptive frameworks within government planning policies for temporary development and uses lead to over prioritising permanence.

Authorities could analyse and adapt planning policies in the city to review experimental temporary urbanism outcomes, aligning policy with community values.

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Leopold MĂŠndez, Libertad De Prensa, 1947, Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI.

Government policy provides little framework for temporary activity.

Temporary Architectures

Carmody Groake “Studio East Dining”: London, https://www.carmodygroarke.com (2010).

Temporality in built form enables architects to explore primitivism.

The architectural responses to a temporary building or use are often distinct in their tectonic makeup due to a preference for materials that are readily accessible can be reused or re-purposed.

The way in which temporary space is detailed can be simplified as there isn’t a requirement for permanence.

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Temporary Programs The needs of community are often the driver of temporary programming.

approaches to temporary use. Without permanence as a constraint, the program can become more experimental or subversive.

The adaptive nature of temporary architectute allows for rapid integration into the city. The benefit of providing new or novel use in falllow spaces within the city is the communities ability to take ownership of previously diused areas and foster cultural activity or change.

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Chris Bourke, “Community Laundry�: University of Newcastle (2018).

Temporary urbanism allows for novel

Temporary Stakeholders Multiple groups have a vested interest in temporary urbanism.

The needs of the community often the focus of the programming of temporary urbanism. There are however multiple parties that have a vested interest in the success

Macro Sea, “Mobile Pools�: New York City (2010).

of temporary use.

Government authorities at local and state level have an interest in providing infrastructure for the community. The authorities have an obligation to provide for the community and promote engagement in the city. Government can work provide space or work with private landowners to secure options for temporary use. Investors or businesses ranging in size, have a vested interest in engaging with the community and providing service.

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Temporary Time-frames

The length of occupation of a temporary use or architecture can vary widely. The time-frame might relate to the type of strategy the occupation type takes on.

If the temporary architecture is a squat and protest similar to the Occupy Movement of 2011, its time-frame is weeks to months.

If the strategy were a displaced museum - the time-frame might be expected to be months or years. Each developments time-frame is subject relative to its own parameters and temporary strategy.

Whilst time is a constraint in any development, in temporary urbanism it can also be viewed as an opportunity.

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Chris Bourke, “Godsbanen Temporary Housing�: Aarhus, Denmark (2017).

The cornerstone of temporality is accepting a fixed time frame.

Temporary Value Pursuing temporary urbanism provides value to the investor and community.

In terms of the city, many fallow spaces can occur and disrupt the quality of surrounding public space. Sometimes space is vacant because of investor speculation, an over supply of real estate, municipal oversight, a lengthy traditional development processes or many other reasons. Each of these cases could utilise temporary architecture to their economic advantage.

The fiscal value of to the city and government is through improved city infrastructure and community engagement.

For entrepreneurs, the private sector and the community their are opportunities for achievable and investment and revenue.

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Research Outcomes

Emergency Housing Parasitic emergency housing for the rising demographic of homeless elderly women

This project explores the strategy of parasitic temporary use. By attaching itself to an existing block retaining wall and car park the architectural strategy exploits the unused embankment and the vehicular and disabled access capabilities of the car park.

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The Public Laundry Pairing the pioneering strategy through small architecture with a community facility.

This project explores the pioneering strategy and seeks to explore ideas surrounding community engagement through the reintroduction of communal clothes washing.

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Freetown Carrington Temporary architect provides the framework for an adaptive housing initiative.

This project explores the strategy of stand in temporary use at a disused industrial plot in Carrington.

The research proposition provide a critique of sustainability, the economics of housing developments and the cultivation of cultural and social values in contemporary city expansion.

The project demonstrates the capacity for temporary architecture to seize opportunity and provide tremendous financial and cultural benefits to its stakeholders and the surrounding community.

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References

1.

Bishop, Peter. 2015. “From the Subversive to the Serious: Temporary Urbanism as a Positive Force.” Architectural Design 85, no. 3: 136-141. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed August 16, 2018).

2.

Bishop, Peter, and Lesley Williams. 2012. The Temporary City. London: Routledge.

3.

Hill, Dan. “A Sketchbook for the City to Come: The Pop‐Up as R&D.” Architectural design 85, no. 3 (2015): 32-39.

4.

Melis, Liesbeth. 2003. Parasite Paradise. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers/SKOR. 5.

Oswalt, Philipp, Klaus Overmeyer, and Phillipp Misselwitz. 2014. Urban Catalyst. Berlin: DOM. 6.

Pallasmaa, Juhani. 2016. “Inhabiting Time.” Architectural Design 86, no. 1: 50-59. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed August 16, 2018) 7.

Rice, Louis. 2013. “Occupied space.” Architectural Design 83, no. 6: 70-75.

Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, EBSCOhost (accessed August 16, 2018).

8.

TürelI, Ipek. “‘Small’Architectures, Walking and Camping in Middle Eastern Cities.” International Journal of Islamic Architecture 2, no. 1 (2013): 5-38.

9.

Rice, Louis. 2013. “Occupied space.” Architectural Design 83, no. 6: 70-75.

Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, EBSCOhost (accessed August 16, 2018).

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