IMAGE OF SYSTEM THAT SUMMARIZES PROJECT
COPENHAGEN
YAO YU
1500
Origins
Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark nowadays. Before 1550, this Viking fishing village was found and become the very first city here due to the huge benefits of its location. It is the spot in between two piece of lands that close to the ocean as well as protected by the lands and not to open to the other side of ocean. So that the residents could go fishing and shipping, and also, keep the threaten of Sweden away.
1550
1779
2014
The Wall
Since the first settlement built, the wall came with its growth to protect the city Copenhagen and defend the threaten from the foreign countries at the other side of ocean. It was reinforced and developed when the empire settled here at 1443. The function of the wall started to fade out around 19’s due to the reduction of the war. As a result, the form of the walls changed dramatically to adapt the need of urban open space.
1550
Basic Defence
Defense walls are always the basic elements for the old city in Europe. Same as Copenhagen, the first settlements was warped by the walls to defense itself from the threaten on the ocean.
1779
The Defination of the city
The walls leads the outline of the city. Since 1658, Sweden becomes the biggest threaten for the safety of Denmark . Copenhagen located at the most important entrance on the ocean. To keep the shooting spot clean, every buildings, life constructions and streets were kept within the wall.
2014
Turning to Landscape
Walls fade into the nowadays life. It has been occupied large scale of land in the old town since ever. By the time the city development and become the main economic center of north Europe, the city become denser and denser. To improve the life quality in Copenhagen, most part of the walls become the public part and the left are remained for the historical reservation.
1550
1779
2014
THE WATER EDGE
At the start, the edge of the ocean, since 19’s to 20’s, the harbor start to dramatically emerged. The economy developed again. People start to come back to the city and also, brought the money. Finally, the dream of re-planning Copenhagen brought on the schedule for the better budget.
1550
Nature edge
In 1550, the origin city is not yet expand to the bay area. The edge of the water is natural after the village of the Vikings has found. The sea side of the city began to form the fortification construction. Fishing and shipment activities developed. The canal has not yet constructed and there were no any expansion of the city above the water.
1779
Defense Edge
The edge of the water is formed for defensing. Copenhagen has been the capital of Denmark and has been the settlement of the King for decades. For the clear shooting range, the city was built limited in the walls. There are only military walls and bridges were built above the water. People desire d for more open space but there were no place to built. So that rich people moved out of the city and only poverty and students were left here. So that there were no budget to renew the city, not to mention expansion above the water.
2014
Harbor
The economy has not rediscovered until 19’s. Due to the great opportunity of the location of Copenhagen, people came back to the city with the money. The desire of space of manufacture, shipping, warehouse promoted the dramatically expansion of the city. The edge of the water changed. Nordhaven, a harbor area at the coast of Øresund, founded at the end of the 19th century. It covers an area of more than 2 km². And also the small pieces of land are filled in the city above the water. The edge of the water is no longer natural.
1550
1795
2010
2011
2008
Landscape + Urbanism
To adapt diffident needs in different ages, the forms of the buildings and the role of open space change dramatically. How do people thinking about urbanism and landscape has been changing all the time. More and more elements are considered at the planning stage. They had their bad time, and they plan for the better future. Nowadays, people in Copenhagen think about not only thinking about the function and form of the building, the feeling of residents, the movement of the city, the public space, the ecology, the environment, the climate etc. Furthermore, the architecture is no longer separated from landscape. They form each other to create a more sustainable future.
1550
Enclosed
Copenhagen was a fortified city since the King Christian IV lived here. All the buildings were prohibited to build beyond the city limits so that the fortication’s cannons could have clear shot and so that the enemy could not find any hiding areas. This policy increase the density of the city especially when the population increased for the economic benefit of harbor. There were barely open space for the citizens. The scale of the buildings where small. The district were enclosed. The only space that people could active is either the little space within the district or the space on the roof. The green space in the city are private for the Royal family. Except the streets, there were no opens pace for the public.
1795
Military
Nyboder, row house district of former Naval barracks(Royal Danish Navy), was first planned and built by Christian IV to accommodate the need for housing for the growing of Royal Danish Navy and their families during 16’s. There was few rows was planned that time but the same form of the building has been continued built in late 17’s. These two stories buildings provides the semi-private space in between the rows.
2011
Open to the Public
Since 19’s, as the people came back to the old city of Copenhagen, the form of the buildings has been rethinking. Open Space, ecology, sustainability are desired in urbanism and landscape. Take the project Krøyers Plads, by Cobe, for instance. Instead of inventing a new building typology, it is a modern reinvention of a 300-year old industrial warehouses. It leaves the open space between the buildings and also leads people to be close to the water and gather together. Folded roof helps the sunshine to light in the room. It is the new type of ecology that continued the historical form of and texture while adding new public space for multiple people.
2010
Open to Water
Instead of the function of shipping, people are more interested in getting close to the water. Landscape and urbanism designers start to focus on how to make more engagement with water. These project give the opportunities for diversity of public activities and life and for the connection between the inner city and the harbor. These projects are also positioned with regard to sunlight and wind conditions. They provides the plazas for urban showcases and public swimming pool for kids and residents.
2008
Community
On the suburb area of Copenhagen, architectures and urbanist already start to test and create the new form of the city. In Ă˜restad, those famous projects like MARS, VM houses, Mountain Dwellings has been built here. Buildings form the new landscape. And landscape is the priority consideration of the design. The scale of the building are bigger and bigger since the start of the city. These buildings themselves are a completed community which contains opens pace for communication and multiple activities, private space for each dwellings. They also considered the light, the solar energy, the seasons, the urban density and so on. It is the beginning of the future urbanism and landscape.