Cell Organelles What you need to know
An organelle is a membranebound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.
You will need to know the following organelles and their function: Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Golgi Complex Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Wall Chloroplast Central Vacuole Lysosome
Cell Membrane ďƒź Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane. It controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.
Nucleus ďƒź The control center of the cell. It contains the DNA code for the cell coiled into chromosomes.
Cytoplasm (not an organelle - but important) ďƒź All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP. (ATP = energy) Involved in cellular respiration.
Golgi Complex ďƒź The protein packaging and transport center of the cell. ďƒź Has incoming and outgoing vesicles.
Ribosomes (not an organelle - but important) Synthesizes proteins. Present in the cytoplasm. Present with Rough ER. No membrane present.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials throughout the cell. Digests lipids. Produces proteins.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Covered with ribosomes. Produces proteins. Transports materials throughout the cell.
Lysosome ďƒź Breaks down materials for digestion. ďƒź Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.
Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only) ďƒź Rigid and strong wall. ďƒź Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.
Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only) Contains chlorophyll. Makes plants green. Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars. Photosynthesis takes place here.
Central Vacuole (Plant Cell Only) Most plant cells have one large one. Filled w/ fluid. Helps maintains turgor pressure and shape of cell.