Quality Cities | Second Quarter 2021 by flcities

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:

▸ Creativity at MuniMod 2021 p. 30 ▸ Supporting Florida’s Veterans p. 35

QUALITY CITIES

▸ Council’s Risk Management Role p. 40

A PUBLICATION OF THE FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES SECOND QUARTER 2021

Cities Reinforce Collective Strength Relationships prove to be pivotal in an unusual session See page 32

CITY SPOTLIGHTS: ▸ OAKLAND ▸ PANAMA CITY BEACH

CITYSTATS p. 22

Providing local governments with

HIGH-QUALITY FINANCIAL SERVICES. INVESTMENTS:

Investing Together for Local Benefit Are your investments properly diversified in today’s current environment?

RETIREMENT:

Protecting the Retirement of Those Serving the Public Could hidden fees be derailing your retirement plans?

LOANS:

Making Your Dollars Do More for Local Communities Debating a new construction project or refinancing an existing loan? Contact Jeremy Langley Account Executive jlangley@flcities.com 859.552.5224

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Quality Cities Magazine Volume 95 | Number 2 PUBLISHER Jeannie Garner EDITOR AND CREATIVE PROJECT MANAGER Joy Dickinson ASSISTANT EDITOR Kelli Gemmer GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Sydney Fraser Bonnie Gaupp Jena Glantz CIRCULATION Eryn Russell Stay informed: Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram. Visit our website at flcities.com. Quality Cities (formerly Quality Cities ’90) (ISSN 0892-4171) (USPS Number: 201-780) serves as a medium of exchange of ideas and information on municipal affairs for the public officials of Florida. The views expressed and the data presented by contributors and advertisers are not to be construed as having the endorsement of the Florida League of Cities unless so specifically stated. No material from this publication may be reprinted without the express permission of the editor. The mailing address for the publishers of Quality Cities is Post Office Box 1757, 301 South Bronough St., Suite 300, Tallahassee, FL 32302-1757. The telephone number is 850.222.9684, and the email address is jdickinson@ flcities.com. Offices are located at 301 South Bronough St., Suite 300, Tallahassee, FL. Quality Cities is published quarterly by the Florida League of Cities. Periodicals Postage Paid at Tallahassee, Fla., No. 201780. Postmaster: Send address changes to Quality Cities, Post Office Box 1757, Tallahassee, FL 32302-1757. The yearly MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTION rate for members is $10.00, other governmental agencies – $15.00 and non-members – $20.00 for four issues.

PRESIDENT Antonio “Tony” Ortiz, Commissioner, Orlando FIRST VICE PRESIDENT Phillip E. Walker, Commissioner, Lakeland SECOND VICE PRESIDENT Jolien Caraballo, Councilwoman, Port St. Lucie DISTRICT DIRECTORS (1) Shannon D. Hayes, Mayor Pro Tem, Crestview (1) William Schaetzle, Mayor Pro Tem, Niceville (2) Jake Hill, Councilmember, Lake City (3) Robert F. Apgar, Mayor, DeLand (3) William Partington, Mayor, Ormond Beach (4) Carol McCormack, Mayor, Palm Shores (4) Dominick Montanaro, Vice Mayor, Satellite Beach (5) Louie Davis, Mayor, Waldo (5) Cal Rolfson, Councilmember, Mount Dora (6) Rosemary Wilsen, Commissioner, Ocoee (6) Joseph McMullen, Commissioner, Oakland (7) Sam Fite, Commissioner, Bowling Green (7) Marlene Wagner, Vice Mayor, Lake Hamilton (8) Jamie Robinson, Commissioner, Largo (8) Dan Saracki, Councilmember, Oldsmar (9) Susan Gibbs Thomas, Councilmember, Indiantown (10) Brian Williams, Commissioner, Palmetto (11) Fred Forbes, Councilman, Bonita Springs (12) Anne Gerwig, Mayor, Wellington (12) Kimberly Glas-Castro, Vice Mayor, Lake Park (12) Jeff Hmara, Mayor, Royal Palm Beach (13) Traci L. Callari, Commissioner, Hollywood (13) Bob Mayersohn, Vice Mayor, Parkland (13) Gary Resnick, Commissioner, Wilton Manors (13) Greg Ross, Mayor, Cooper City

(13) Iris Siple, Commissioner, Pembroke Pines (13) Susan Starkey, Councilwoman, Davie (13) Beverly Williams, Vice Mayor, Lauderdale Lakes (14) Juan Carlos “JC” Bermudez, Mayor, Doral (14) Joseph Corradino, Mayor, Pinecrest (14) Rodney Harris, Mayor, Miami Gardens (14) Crystal Wagar, Mayor, Miami Shores 10 MOST POPULOUS CITIES Samuel Newby, Council Member, Jacksonville Ken Russell, Commissioner, Miami Joseph Citro, Councilmember, Tampa Rick Kriseman, Mayor, St. Petersburg Robert Stuart, Commissioner, Orlando Carlos Hernandez, Mayor, Hialeah John Dailey, Mayor, Tallahassee Dean J. Trantalis, Mayor, Fort Lauderdale Gregory Oravec, Mayor, Port St. Lucie Richard Williams, Council Member, Cape Coral PAST PRESIDENTS Scott Black, Commissioner, Dade City Frank C. Ortis, Mayor, Pembroke Pines Joy Cooper, Mayor, Hallandale Beach Pat Bates, Mayor, Altamonte Springs Matthew Surrency, Mayor, Hawthorne Leo E. Longworth, Commissioner, Bartow Isaac Salver, Council Member, Bay Harbor Islands AT-LARGE Roy S. Shiver, Commissioner, Florida City FCCMA EX-OFFICIO MEMBER Micah Maxwell, Assistant City Manager, Clearwater Jeannie Garner, Executive Director Kraig Conn, General Counsel

NOMINATE AN OUTSTANDING OFFICIAL IN YOUR CITY FOR THE FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES E. HARRIS DREW AWARD! Does your city have an elected official who has performed in an outstanding manner and has made an unusual and lasting contribution to the improvement of municipal government? If so, consider nominating this individual for the E. Harris Drew Municipal Official Lifetime Achievement Award. A call for nominations was sent to all city managers and clerks in April. The nomination form can be found on our website at flcities.com/about-pages-award-programs. Return completed nomination forms to the League by June 25. All elected municipal officials are eligible for this award, which will be presented at the Annual Conference August 12-14. Contact Penny Mitchell at pmitchell@flcities.com or 850.701.3649 with any questions. SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 3

QC contents QUALITY CITIES

VOL. 95, ISSUE 2, SECOND QUARTER 2021

COVER FEATURE 32 Cities Reinforce Collective Strength

32 CITY SPOTLIGHTS 14 Investing in History

Oakland’s initiatives maintain the town’s past, present and future

Relationships prove to be pivotal in an unusual session

DEPARTMENTS Research

26 4 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

Florida A&M University applies data for cities’ benefit

Business Watch

Paving the Path Forward Strategic direction guides Panama City Beach’s growth

Showing Communities They Count

The Clean Waterways Act What it may mean for your city

Advocacy

Grassroots Action Cities continue to make their voices heard

Lifestyle

Skin Care Routines Protect your face and hands while protecting others

Tension Headaches How to recognize and prevent this common type of pain

IN THIS ISSUE

FEATURES 22

From the President

QC Today

Cities host creative programs to captivate young residents

Meeting Calendar

FBC-LEO Holds Conference

Commentary

Employee Profile

CityStats Annual Survey Offers Insights Florida’s diverse cities share a common goal

24 COVID-19 Changes Youth Involvement 27

Spring event highlights promise for the future

Creativity at MuniMod 2021

Supporting Florida’s Veterans

The year of virtual events still produces connection

38 40 44 48 52

League and member news

Vive la Difference!

Amber Hughes

Several cities assist local heroes and their families

Home Rule Message Spread Businesses, clubs and residents hear about Building Stronger Cities

Council’s Risk Management Role Are the risks you’re taking ones that you can afford?

Celebrating Women Cities reinforce their commitment to female residents through recognition

Embracing the Outdoors Cities find safe and successful ways to engage residents outside

Government Money and Citizens’ Trust A tale of revenues, expenses and the key role they play in a democracy

UPCOMING 29 2021 FLC Annual Conference

ON THE COVER: PHOTO COURTESY OF SYDNEY FRASER

2 0 2 1

A N N U A L

C O N F E R E N C E

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 5

The Florida Municipal Insurance Trust (FMIT) provides local governments with a complete Employee Benefits Package. The Employee Benefits Package includes: ∙ Medical ∙ Dental ∙ Vision ∙ Life ∙ Disability ∙ Voluntary Employee Benefits ∙ Section 125 Administration ∙ Flexible Spending Account/ Health Savings Account/Health Reimbursement Arrangement Administration

∙ A Customized Wellness Solution ∙ COBRA Administration ∙ Full Online Eligibility and Enrollment System Contact Lindsey Larson Account Executive llarson@flcities.com 920.606.9716

FROM THE PRESIDENT

At long last, we have hope

President Tony Ortiz Commissioner City of Orlando

The Florida League of Cities has created an online Resource Center for the American Rescue Plan Act. Go to flcities.com/rescueplan. For more information, contact Allison Payne at apayne@flcities.com.

ities have much to celebrate after months of being tested by the pandemic and legislative preemptions. The American Rescue Plan Act provides federal funds to help us address the financial blows presented by the virus. For the time being, the worst of layoffs and service delivery reductions have eased. A multitude of preemptions and unfunded mandates were killed or watered down during the Legislative Session. Vaccinations have been distributed throughout the state, bringing hope of increased tourism and in-person meetings and festivals. When our local businesses and economies are successful, our cities and state are stronger. Our city leaders have played vital roles in facing these challenges. You lobbied Congress to pass the Rescue Plan Act. You’ve played critical roles in getting your residents vaccinated. When COVID restrictions made it more difficult to meet in person with legislators, you and your citizens stepped up. You fought for Home Rule by telling legislators to let local voices make local choices. For more information about the session, see the article on p. 32. For every challenge thrown at you, whether it came from the virus or state lawmakers, you found a way forward. I know it has required every ounce of strength and creativity you have, but you persevered. Now we turn our attention to establishing and strengthening relationships with our legislators. This is the time to bring the power of government back to the people, but we can do it only with your help. Our residents can assist. See the article on p. 46 and find more information for them and for you at BuildingStrongerCities.com. Our challenges are not over, but we feel hopeful. We look forward to meeting in person at the annual League conference in August in Orlando. It will be an excellent opportunity to learn and network. See more about the conference on p. 29. This is our time. Let’s get to work!

Tony Ortiz

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 7

QC TODAY WHO | WHERE | WHAT

Weston City Hall (left) and Coral Gables City Hall (middle) lit in amber. Key Biscayne Fire Rescue and Police Department representatives turned on lights as part of a memorial event (top right). City of Gainesville (bottom right) Commissioner Reina Sacco floats candles.

MEMORIAL

Florida Cities Honor COVID-19 Victims Several Florida cities joined communities across the nation earlier this year in a 60-second candlelight vigil to honor the lives lost to COVID-19. The Police Department and Fire Rescue Department of the Village of Key Biscayne turned on vehicle lights as part of the memorial event. The City of Weston and the City of Coral Gables lit their city halls in amber. City of Gainesville commissioners released floating candles onto the pond in front of City Hall as part of their memorial service. Also, several Florida cities flew flags at half-staff to honor the 500,000 Americans lost to COVID-19. The City of West Palm Beach proclaimed a COVID-19 Victims and Survivors Memorial Day.

TECHNOLOGY

Cities Awarded for Digital Innovation The Center for Digital Government announced six Florida cities as winners of the 2020 Digital Cities Survey. The annual survey, now in its 20th year, recognizes cities that use technology to enhance citizen interactions with the government including tackling social challenges, responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening cybersecurity and more. The Cities of North Port, Punta Gorda, Tamarac and Venice placed in the top seven nationwide in the population category of up to 75,000. The City of Cape Coral and the City of Tallahassee placed in the top 10 in the population category of 125,000-249,999. 8 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

PHOTOS COURTESY OF CITY OF WESTON (LEFT), CITY OF CORAL GABLES (MIDDLE), VILLAGE OF KEY BISCAYNE (TOP RIGHT) AND CITY OF GAINESVILLE (BOTTOM RIGHT)

Have news to share? Send it to kgemmer@flcities.com.

TODAY

MEETING CALENDAR JUNE 26-30 Florida Association of City Clerks Summer Conference and Academy Luminary Hotel & Co., Fort Myers Contact Rachel Embleton

Early auto racing at Ormond Beach.

DID YOU KNOW …

Roots of Auto Racing Track Back to Early 1900s? Hard-packed sands and automobile racers merged in the early 1900s to establish the City of Ormond Beach’s reputation as the “Birthplace of Speed.” Motorcycle and automobile racers, along with owners and inventors, brought vehicles powered by gasoline, steam and electric engines to Ormond Beach to see how fast they could go. The racers came from throughout the United States as well as France, Germany and England. American speed records were set in 1903, then a new record of one mile in 43 seconds – equivalent to 80 mph – was set during the 1904 speed tournaments. In 1906, the Stanley Rocket Racer reached a speed of 127.7 mph – a record that stood for four years in a time when new speed records were often set within an hour. The reputation of the Ormond Beach and Daytona Beach area as the first proving ground for auto racers and manufacturers was firmly established. When it was built in 1904, Ormond Garage – the first gasoline alley before Indianapolis Speedway – was called home by drivers and mechanics. Built by Henry Flagler, an American industrialist, the garage served as the hub of activity during speed trials. Ormond Beach hosted speed trials that set significant records for years until much of the racing moved to Indianapolis in 1911. Soon after, Bill France and friends started racing on the beach in a series that would become NASCAR. Following Major Henry Segrave’s final land speed record of 231.5 mph on the sandy beach in 1929, the Daytona Beach area became synonymous with the sport of racing. Today, Daytona International Speedway hosts several of the nation’s most popular automobile, gokart and motorcycle races. Ormond Beach continues to celebrate its heritage as the “Birthplace of Speed” with an event that recognizes the 1903 records as well as an antique car show and Gaslight Parade on Thanksgiving Day weekend. Visitors can get a glimpse of history by visiting Ormond Beach's Birthplace of Speed Park. The park is home to a small replica of the original Ormond Garage. The garage was funded by the Motor Racing Heritage Association, and the park was dedicated on March 28, 2013. Replicas of the cars that created Ormond Beach’s reputation as the birthplace of speed are housed there.

JULY 8-10 Florida Municipal Attorneys Association Annual Seminar Eau Palm Beach Resort & Spa Contact Rebecca O’Hara JULY 12-15 Florida Local Government Information Systems Association Annual Conference Hilton Orlando Bonnet Creek Contact Becky Brennan JULY 16 Florida League of Cities Policy Committee Meetings Hyatt Regency Orlando International Airport Contact Mary Edenfield AUGUST 11 Florida Center for Municipal Research Symposium Orlando World Center Marriott Contact Wade Burkley AUGUST 11 Florida League of Mayors Candid Conversations with Mayors Orlando World Center Marriott Contact Rachel Embleton AUGUST 12-14 Florida League of Cities Annual Conference Orlando World Center Marriott Contact Melanie Howe OCTOBER 17-21 Florida Association of City Clerks Fall Academy The Shores Hotel, Daytona Beach Shores Contact Rachel Embleton OCTOBER 17-22 Florida Government Finance Officers Association School of Governmental Finance Hilton Daytona Beach Oceanfront Resort Contact Karen Pastula NOVEMBER 3-5 Florida League of Cities Legislative Conference Embassy Suites by Hilton Orlando Lake Buena Vista South, Kissimmee Contact Mary Edenfield NOVEMBER 18-19 Florida Municipal Communicators Association Annual Conference Luminary Hotel & Co., Fort Myers Contact Selina Smith

GO TO:

flcities.com/education-and-events/calendarof-events or call 850.222.9684 for more information. SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 9

TODAY

PUBLIC ART

Gainesville Social Justice Murals

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF GAINESVILLE

The City of Gainesville 352walls Community Artist Program has launched the Gainesville Social Justice Mural Project that engaged regional artists to create 12 temporary murals with the theme of social justice. The project was underwritten by a fund established to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the city’s incorporation. It aimed to reﬂect the energy of the social justice movement with a visible public declaration of the city’s commitment toward progress, enlightenment and justice for all neighbors. The murals are in five city parks and recreation centers. Earlier this year, the Project received a 2021 Cultural Diversity Award from the National League of Cities, placing second

One of the murals painted by local artist Pam Valcante.

in the award’s 50,000200,000 population category.

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF MARIANNA

ENVIRONMENT

Marianna’s Solar Facility Receives Recognition The City of Marianna received the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2020 PISCES Recognition for Excellence in Problem Solving for the city’s Solar Array project. The George F. Ames Performance and Innovation in the State Revolving Fund Creating Environmental Success program recognizes water infrastructure projects across the nation for excellence and innovation within SRF programs. Marianna is the first Florida city to receive this award. The city’s Solar Array project was funded by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection through a Clean Water SRF loan to reduce operational costs for the community’s wastewater system following the devastation of Hurricane Michael. 10 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

LAW

Cities Can Contract For Adjudication Services The Florida Division of Administrative Hearings

maintains contracts for administrative adjudication services flowing out of local law and practice with over 100 municipalities, school districts and counties. DOAH was created by the Legislature to adjudicate disputes between the administrative state and persons whose substantial interests are impacted by state agency decisions and to provide a means to challenge agency rules. DOAH has expanded its service to other government entities that need an independent fact-finding, due process element in their decision-making. Many of DOAH’s 30 administrative law judges, or ALJs, are experts in the law pertinent to local government such as employment law, environmental permitting and land use. These specialized ALJs have expertise in substantive governing law, are comfortable with administrative law and provide independent judgment often essential for public acceptance of governmental action. These services are available via Zoom at a cost less than that of retaining local outside counsel for hearing officer services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ALJs have conducted hundreds of hearings using virtual technology. If a municipality prefers in-person hearings, government travel and hearing rates are budget-friendly and subject to negotiation. For more information, contact Peter Antonacci at Pantonacci@ doah.state.fl.us or 850.404.5469 or Suzanne Van Wyk at svanwyk@doah.state.fl.us or 850.404.5456. Municipal attorneys can meet ALJs at the summer Florida Municipal Attorneys Association conference. KUDOS

Doral Park Recognized For Water Efficiency The City of Doral’s newest park, Doral Glades Park, is the first park

in the state to obtain Florida Water Star Certification. The certification is part of a water conservation program aimed at increasing water efficiency. The park also received Two Green Globes from the Green Building Initiative for resource efficiency and reduction of environmental impacts as well as an honorable mention for the 2019 Green Globes Project of the Year.

TODAY

Three Municipalities Named All-America City Finalists The City of Fort Lauderdale, Town of Miami Lakes and City of Miramar were announced

2021 All-America City Award finalists by the National Civic League. The 20 finalists across the nation will compete this June to be recognized as one of 10 All-America Cities for 2021. This year’s theme is “Building Equitable and Resilient Communities.” KUDOS

Four Cities Make Top 50 The Cities of Coral Gables, Key West, Palm Beach and Weston made a list of 50 best cities in the United States compiled by the news website 24/7 Wall St. The rankings were based on affordability, economy, the standard of living and community.

KUDOS

Four Cities Win Top Workplaces Award

SAFETY

City Manager Honored The Florida Fire Chiefs Association presented Frank A. Babinec, city manager of the City of Coral Springs, the Association’s inaugural lifetime achievement honor and named the award The Frank A. Babinec Lifetime Achievement Award in Firefighter Safety and Health. As chair of the Association’s Safety and Health Committee, Babinec has dedicated hours to the Clean Cab Concept, cancer prevention and mental and physical wellness of those in the fire service. SERVICE

Clermont Youth Council Donates to Homeless The City of Clermont Youth Council donated more than 250 toiletry-filled care packages to the local homeless population. The project was funded using the $250 prize money that the youth council won from the Florida League of Cities 2019 Municipal Youth Council Video Competition. After collecting donations for several months, teens on the youth council met to fill drawstring bags with socks, razors, toothbrushes, soaps, shampoo and personal notes. They delivered the care packages to the Clermont Police Department for distribution.

The Cities of Coconut Creek, Coral Springs, Largo and Safety Harbor earned a 2021 Top

Workplaces USA award. The inaugural award program, sponsored by Energage, celebrates nationally recognized companies that prioritize a people-centered culture and give employees a voice.

Obituaries Cape Coral Mayor Joe Coviello

Cape Coral Mayor Joe Coviello died January 13 at age 65. Elected in 2017, Coviello guided the city as it grew significantly in population. He attended virtually all new business openings, ribbon-cuttings and community events. He was instrumental in the dedication of the Merchant Marine Memorial at Veteran’s Memorial Park. He supported local organizations including the PACE Center for Girls in Lee County. He served as the president of The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Florida Parents Association and was academy liaison for many District 19 members of Congress. “Mayor Coviello was passionate, dedicated and committed to serve the citizens of our community,” said newly named Mayor John Gunter. “His leadership will be missed, but his impact to our city will not be forgotten.”

The Clermont Youth Council delivers care packs to the Clermont Police Department for distribution to the homeless.

Belleair Mayor Gary Katica

Belleair Mayor Gary Katica died March 8 at age 87. He served the Town of Belleair Commission for more than 20 years, which made him the longestserving mayor in the town’s history. He was first appointed to the Town Commission in 2000 and elected mayor in 2007. Katica’s leadership inspired countless others to serve Belleair with diligence and compassion. He was well-known for his daily support of the community through his regular town walks, continual advocacy for infrastructure improvements, efforts to build partnerships and relationships with neighboring cities, support of sports leagues and special events and commitment to supporting town staff. “Mayor Gary Katica was both a leader and dear friend,” said Former Deputy Mayor Karla Rettstatt. “He encouraged me to get involved in our community over 20 years ago and to run for office. He was kind, compassionate and supportive to his commission, staff and residents. He will be missed!”

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 11

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF CLERMONT

AWARDS

TODAY Former Palm Coast Mayor Jon Netts

Former Palm Coast Mayor Jon Netts died January 9 at age 78. Netts

was first elected to the City Council in 2001, two years after the city’s incorporation, and served as mayor from 2007 to 2016. As one of the “founding fathers” of the city, Netts was a driving force in its incorporation and development into an environmentally conscious municipality. His commitment to the area included serving on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, Northeast Florida Transportation Study Commission, Palm Coast Historical Society and Florida Inland Navigation District. “Mayor Netts has served his community with extreme honor and distinction for 22 years; a gentle, brilliant and skilled man who never shied from serving his constituents with vigor, decency and integrity,” said Mayor Milissa Holland. “His wealth of knowledge about past and present matters in Palm Coast helped to establish substantive policies while bringing out the very best from all other leaders who served alongside him.”

Former Sanford Mayor Jeff Triplett

F o r m e r S a n f o r d M a yo r J e f f Triplett died February 27 at age 52.

He was elected mayor in 2010 and served until 2020. Before becoming mayor, he served as chairman of the Downtown Sanford Community Redevelopment Agency. Triplett was a leader in his community and the state. He served in several leadership positions including former chairman and vice chairman of the Seminole County Port Authority and the Sanford Chamber of Commerce. He was also elected by mayors across Florida to serve on the Florida League of Mayors Board of Directors from 2017 to 2019. “Mayor Triplett truly loved the city and its residents,” said Mayor Art Woodruff. “He led the city with compassion through difficult times and will be missed by the city and the many organizations he worked with.”

Welaka Councilman Willie Washington Jr.

Welaka Councilman Willie Washington Jr. died March 3 at age 82.

Washington, a longtime Welaka town councilmember, had served non-consecutively since 1968 when he was first elected. He was one of the first Black councilmen elected in a Florida municipality. Washington was Putnam County’s first Black deputy constable and served as the town’s police chief from 1995 to 2000. He returned to the Putnam County Sheriff ’s Office from 2001

12 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

to 2012 to help with civil processing until retiring a second time. “Councilman Washington served our town with honor and distinction for over 52 years,” said Mayor Jamie Watts. “We will be forever grateful for his service to our town and our community. His life and legacy have made a permanent impact on our town, and he will forever live in our hearts.”

South Miami Vice Mayor Robert (Bob) Welsh

South Miami Vice Mayor Robert (Bob) Welsh died February 23 at age

67. Elected to the City of South Miami Commission in 2012, Welsh was serving his second term as vice mayor. He was an advocate for the environment and known throughout his community as “Bicycle Bob.” Mayor Sally Philips said, “He rode his bicycle and wove a web in a city he loved. He kept many in the loop who otherwise would not have been aware. He was on a one-man mission to reforest South Dade with slash pine and live oak trees. He wrote lyrics to popular songs so that we all knew his feelings about controversies. He created signs to express his political opinions. He loved animals and birds and the environment. He was honest and generous.”

Former Welaka Mayor Gordon Sands

Former Welaka Mayor Gordon Sands died March 21 at age 85. Sands

was first elected to the Town Council in 1994 and served as mayor from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2021, when he decided to retire. “Mayor Sands was a faithful servant of the Town of Welaka for 27 years,” said Mayor Jamie Watts . “His longtime work has truly enriched all the lives of Welaka residents, and he will be tremendously missed.” Sands was dedicated to improving the town’s streets and modernizing the water and sewer plant and was instrumental in the creation of the floating dock at Bryant’s Wharf and several town parks.

Former Cape Coral Council Member John Carioscia

Former Cape Coral Council Member John Carioscia died March 28

at age 73. Carioscia served two consecutive terms from 2011 until 2020 and represented District 2. “It is with profound sadness we learn of John’s passing,” said Mayor John Gunter. “He cared deeply about our city, and we are grateful for his dedication, leadership and many contributions to our Cape Coral community.”

FLC KEEPING YOU INFORMED OF THE AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN ACT The American Rescue Plan Act provides cities with funding from the Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund and offers eligibility for other funding. The Florida League of Cities’ goal is to keep members informed and prepared.

VISIT OUR ONLINE RESOURCE CENTER FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION.

flcities.com/rescueplan Tips and information for cities regarding the 2021 American Rescue Plan Act.

The League will launch a series of #FLCitiesStrong webinars to help guide members.

Information about the funding for Florida’s cities.

The League will share information and resources via email and social media from the Department of Treasury and the National League of Cities.

Important information about the funding allocated for Florida’s cities in the 2021 American Rescue Act Plan. News, resources and updates from the League and our partners.

The League is compiling a list of frequently asked questions and will share them on flcities.com.

CITY SPOTLIGHT

Banners featuring images of birds created by local artists hang on light poles along the main thoroughfare in the Town of Cinco Bayou. Healthy West Orange Arts and Heritage Center at the Town of Oakland.

PHOTO COURTESY OF TOWN OF OAKLAND

Healthy West Orange Arts and Heritage Center ribbon cutting.

PRESERVATION

Investing in History

Oakland’s initiatives maintain the town’s past, present and future by Elisha Pappacoda Town of Oakland

A OAKLAND Orange County Pop. 3,365

14 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

day spent in the Town of Oakland will take one back in time to the old, quaint Florida of yesterday. Despite recent home growth, the town remains a charming, unhurried community, not unlike it was in 1887 when the town was incorporated. Oakland is one of the oldest municipalities in Orange County. Due to the county’s growth, maintaining Oakland’s small-town character as “nestled among the oaks” has been one of its most difficult challenges – and greatest accomplishments. Over the last three years, nearly 500 new homes have been built in Oakland, with more than 250 planned by 2024. Yet today, the town’s tree-lined roads are nostalgic reminders of an era when life was simple and everyone knew their neighbors. Residents still meet and greet each other every morning when they pick up their mail at the historic Oakland Post Office. The town is located between Johns Lake and Lake Apopka and is bisected by the Green Mountain Scenic Byway. Its more than 3,000 residents live within a quiet, serene atmosphere tucked away from the nearby State Road 50 but just close enough to access it and Florida’s Turnpike within minutes. For cyclists, walkers and joggers, the town’s location is ideally situated along the West Orange Trail, surrounded by enormous mossdraped oak trees.

CITY SPOTLIGHT

Elisha Pappacoda is the administrative services and communications director for the Town of Oakland. QC

Oakland Nature Preserve offers environmental education and ecotourism activities.

Lake Apopka is one of the largest lakes in Florida.

Historic Oakland Town Hall was formerly a bank.

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 15

PHOTOS COURTESY OF TOWN OF OAKLAND

For its 18th year, Oakland has been designated a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation in honor of its commitment to effective urban forest management. In 2020, Public Works staff oversaw the installation of more than 230 trees in rights of way, parks and new residential developments. The Town Commission continues to demonstrate its commitment to the environment by eliminating septic systems in an ongoing effort to protect precious environmental resources and promote economic development. Oakland has initiated the construction of a wastewater system that will greatly enhance business opportunities along the State Road 50 corridor and lead to the creation of an estimated 5,000 jobs. The wastewater system improvements will serve the entire town and afford opportunities for future residential and commercial growth. This critical north-south connection will also help to protect Lake Apopka for future generations. In addition to protecting the environment and promoting economic development, the town celebrates its history, art and nature. In early 2021, Oakland opened the Healthy West Orange Arts and Heritage Center at the Town of Oakland. The center is devoted to preserving Oakland’s past, present and future. It gives residents and visitors the opportunity to see the town like never before as they step into a gallery full of paintings, historical photos, artifacts and more – all featuring Oakland as the centerpiece. “The town is excited to share our rich history and love of the arts with the community, as we invite guests to step inside and learn about what makes Oakland such a special place,” said Mayor Kathy Stark. The town’s inaugural exhibit, “Est. 1887,” explores Oakland’s history as the industrial and social hub of Orange County more than 130 years ago. Conceptualized with the Winter Garden Heritage Foundation , it features framed historic photographs, portraits, and,items highlighting Oakland’s early history, including minute books, the town’s original seal and archeological artifacts. A cornerstone piece is the majestic Oakland Presbyterian Church’s stained glass window dating back to 1919. Center staff members are working with Orange County Regional History Center historians to preserve and share oral histories of Oakland’s valued community members, including descendants of those buried in the historic African American Cemetery. Education is another focus for the town. Open year-round, the Oakland Nature Preserve is a 128-acre preserve that offers environmental education and ecotourism activities for visitors of all ages. Oakland Avenue Charter School holds educational classes at the preserve as part of each classroom’s curriculum. The free public charter elementary school, owned and operated by the town, serves kindergarten through fifth grade. The town’s continued investments in its history, environment, art and education have helped preserve the small-community lifestyle that its residents have known for generations while also preserving its future.

CITY SPOTLIGHT

A completed portion of the Front Beach Road Community Redevelopment Area.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Paving the Path Forward Strategic direction guides Panama City Beach’s growth by Debbie Ingram Ward City of Panama City Beach

he young City of Panama City Beach was officially founded in 1970 – appropriately, in the summer. While many have called Panama City Beach home and visited the white sandy beaches for more than 50 years, the city proper as citizens know it today resulted from the merger of four beach communities: West Panama City Beach, Edgewater Gulf Beach, Long Beach and Panama City Beach. The city has experienced unprecedented growth over its 50-year history. In 1970, only 1,370 people lived inside the city limits. Today, though the city population hovers around 14,000 full-time residents, the busy summer months can see up to 100,000 visitors and several thousand commuters on any given day. This influx of people has created a demand for more and greater services, from transportation infrastructure, public safety and 16 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

PANAMA CITY BEACH Bay County Pop. 14,047

utilities to parks, housing and commercial development. To keep up with the growth and as a means of prioritizing future expenditures and capital projects, the city established its first-ever strategic plan last year. Aligned with the inaugural citizen survey, the plan helped the city establish a business plan and short- and long-range financial plans. “Every community needs these plans to serve as a roadmap for the future,” said Mayor Mark Sheldon. “Now we look at our big projects to make sure they are meeting

our planning goals for transportation, economic development, public safety, quality of life, fiscal responsibility and attractive community. Everything has to fit.” Despite the pandemic, Panama City Beach is prospering, even without an ad valorem tax, he said. “We are the largest city in the state without a property tax,” Sheldon said. The strategic plan and the citizen survey revealed the city’s greatest challenge: the need for an improved transportation system. The city is moving forward with long-range improvements with the spring completion of segment two of Philip Griffitts Sr. Parkway and the construction of the next three segments of the Front Beach Road Community Redevelopment Area. “Front Beach Road is our main street,” said Sheldon. “We are not a typical city with a downtown area. We have this strip of commercial development and hotels/

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF PANAMA CITY BEACH

CITY SPOTLIGHT

department. The 15,000-square-foot facility with four apparatus bays is centrally located on the island and just off Panama City Beach Parkway. The city is seeking grants and other funding to replace its two other aging fire stations. In addition to infrastructure, the city has taken steps to become a more competitive employer by establishing an online job application system, launching a new website (pcbfl.gov), conducting an extensive employee survey, transitioning to a paid time off system and implementing a 48/96 shift schedule for firefighters. A pay study conducted in 2020 resulted in raises for city employees. As the city has grown, so has the government. While its residents and the world continue to discover and fall in love with this oasis of emerald waters and sugar-sand beaches, the city works diligently to develop plans that will continue to pave the path forward for this ever-growing city. “These are exciting times,” Sheldon said. PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF PANAMA CITY BEACH

condos with some residential. A new fire station was completed in 2020. Every visitor to our city will be on this road, so it is very important that we make it more efficient and improve mobility. In the busy summer months, it is often gridlocked. We can do better.” The Front Beach Road CRA, one of the largest in the state, will see the installation of a more art projects in the community. multimodal transportation system. This Before the strategic plan and just in time includes resurfacing and widening Front for its 50th anniversary, the city completed Beach Road and other feeder roads; bury- some long-awaited large capital projects ing utilities; and adding tram/ bicycle including the construction of a new City lanes, sidewalks, lighting, drainage ponds Hall and fire station, both of which were and landscaping. Segment three will in- funded with reserve funds. clude a roundabout at Front Beach Road The new 14,000-square-foot City Hall and State Road 79. building opened in 2019 and replaced the As more segments of the 8.1-mile road- former City Hall that had been constructway are completed, the city will look at ed as a gymnasium in 1970 and converted establishing a transit system to take some to offices 10 years later. The new project, vehicles off Front Beach Road. Officials which included additional parking, the will also look at expanding parking. demolition of two buildings at the muThe city also launched its first commu- nicipal complex and the construction of nity art project this year and installed 11 an outdoor gathering place, carried a $3.7 dolphins and sea turtles throughout the million price tag. city as part of its SeeLife project. The projIn the summer of 2020, the city opened ect came to life after last summer’s strate- its third fire station in response to the gic planning process identified a need for growing number of calls received by the

Debbie Ingram Ward is the communications director for the City of Panama City Beach. QC

Population Growth PHOTO COURTESY OF DARA DAVIS OF VISIT PANAMA CITY BEACH

1970 – 1,370 1980 – 2,148 1990 – 4,051 2000 – 7,671 2010 – 12,018 2020 – 14,047 (Estimated)

City Employee Growth Breakfast Point Academy students with the dolphin sculpture painted by the school’s fifth-grade art club.

2002 – 209 2020 – 353

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COMMENTARY

LEADERSHIP

Vive la Difference!

by Scott Paine Florida League of Cities

FILADENDRON/E+/GETTY IMAGES PLUS

The critical need for diversity

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COMMENTARY

any folks of a certain age, if we were to hear “Vive la difference!” (especially with a French accent), would immediately think of an intimate relationship between a man and a woman. While it is difficult to track down the origin of the expression, it has been in circulation for decades. Sometimes it is played for laughs. Sometimes it can be received as dismissive and insulting, a flippant rejection of arguments for gender equity. I ask that we set aside any association of the phrase with romance or chauvinism and that we expand it, quite appropriately, to its broadest possible application. Difference is what drives so much of the human experience. Contrasts fuel our seemingly ingrained tendency to group and categorize. Hard/soft, rough/smooth, hot/cold … these differences help us describe and distinguish objects and conditions in our environment. I’m watching this human penchant developing in real time in my 5-year-old granddaughter. A few months back, she fell in love with dinosaurs; she wants to be a paleontologist when she grows up. (She also explains how people will pay her every time she finds a new dinosaur, and that’s how she’ll take care of her children.) By now, she has a couple of dozen plastic dinosaurs of various types and sizes. She organizes and sorts them in a variety of ways: plant eaters and meat eaters, those that stand on two legs, those that stand on four and those that don’t have legs at all. She also sorts them by “mommies” and “babies” (mostly based on the relative size of the toys). I’m sure there are more sorting criteria to come. How boring it would be if all 24 dinosaurs were the same type, same shape, same color and same size!

“

Categorization is both very human and invariably problematic. When we categorize, we oversimplify and sometimes exaggerate differences. The flame is hot, the ice cube cold, but between fire and ice are many objects less hot and less cold that, being human, we still seek to categorize. So we add degrees of hot and cold (warm, cool), ultimately creating a system by which we measure temperature by degrees. Still, when asked to say what it feels like outdoors, we are more likely to grab at a broadly descriptive word like “warm” rather than report the height of the mercury in the thermometer. This situation can lead to arguments about how it feels since each of us applies the categories somewhat differently. Many of us live for the differences. The first really cold day of winter. The first spring morning with a hint of warmth. These differences delight and energize us. One difference leads to another. That hint of winter prompts us to pull on a sweater or grab an extra cup of tea. The hint of spring gets us planning for our flower bed or taking a long stroll. Others of us prefer our routines, our patterned ways of living. But even for those of us who thrive on a regular schedule, the schedule itself programs differences into our lives. There is a time to sleep, a time to eat, a time to labor. If each day’s pattern is consistent and we consider that consistency good, it is in part because each day has its variety, routine differences built into our structured lives. I write all that to offer a justification for proclaiming “Vive la difference.” Without difference, we would not have life or at least not one worth living. The same is true of associations, organizations, communities, corporations … even nations. People often choose to associate with certain others precisely because they are similar in certain important respects. A common interest in birdwatching or baseball draws people into clubs and

Research shows that diverse teams also make superior decisions. It’s not just that demographic diversity means cognitive diversity, though that’s part of it – hiring employees with different backgrounds does mean an influx of new ideas and fresh perspectives, which means the

group is more inclined to consider alternative options. But there’s also a benefit to decision-making that’s inherent to demographic diversity. As it turns out, the mere presence of someone perceived as an outsider changes the behaviour of the group, improving the thinking of those in the majority even when divergent viewpoints aren’t even expressed.

”

– Khalil Smith (Fall 2020). How diversity defeats groupthink. Rotman Management Magazine. University of Toronto.

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 19

COMMENTARY

“

Being different is neither a good nor a bad thing. It simply

signifies that you are sufficiently courageous to be yourself. – Albert Camus

associations where their common interests can be explored and celebrated. Even so, our delight in associating with people like us would be diminished if each one of us had seen the same roster of birds or remembered the same baseball stats. The joy of hearing a story about the walk-off homer with two outs can be reinforced by having seen it, too. However, it is further enriched by something we remember that the storyteller does not, something we add from our different perspectives to make the story more complete. Vive la difference. What we’ve learned from research in a variety of fields is that difference is not only pleasurable in many cases but also functional. We all recognize the importance of a diverse set of skills on a baseball team. Home-run hitters tend to be less reliable in the small ball game. Outstanding left-handed pitchers usually don’t pitch right-handed as well. A fabulous shortstop probably won’t do as well in center field and vice versa. What is true of baseball teams is true of workplace teams, too. There’s the obvious need for a range of skill sets (brainstorming, planning, organizing, directing, designing, constructing, supply-chain management, packaging, logistics ...), but there’s also a less-appreciated need for diverse perspectives. Anything designed for “everyone” is, in practice, designed for no one. Our tastes and needs are different in our personal lives; our requirements different in business. Understanding the different ways in which we sort ourselves by taste, interest and practical requirements allows businesses to design products tailored to those differences, enhancing sales and customer satisfaction. What is true of recreation and production is true of communication and public leadership. Even our smallest cities are not homogenous. If the political leadership of a municipality has much in common with each other and little in common with certain segments of the community – whether residents, business owners or visitors – we risk failing to recognize what those segments need and want. The resulting dissatisfaction may become obvious or may, because we lack contact with differences, remain hidden until it manifests in trends of population loss, business closures … or worse. 20 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

”

Some will say that they prefer leadership teams that have much in common. Life is easier, decisions made more quickly and more readily supported. Meetings, too, can be much shorter (and who loves a long meeting?). All of that is true. But what is also true is that the risk of “groupthink” is greater. We quickly tumble to a consensus on the idea that springs from our shared wellhead. It sounds good to all of us, so it must be good. And it may be … for us. That’s just an insufficient standard for making good public policy. Some differences, when they breed persistent antagonism, are destructive. Most differences are, at times, disruptive. They compel us to stop and consider new perspectives, to contemplate rejecting familiar habits and beliefs in favor of a richer vision. But learning to live with some disruption – with openness to being challenged by a different experience, a different point of view – is central to understanding the richness of human experience. It also is essential to good governance. So the next time we hear from residents, business owners or visitors who chastise us for having missed something obvious to them, instead of adopting a defensive posture, we might do well to say: Vive la difference! And celebrate the opportunity to be better than we were. Scott C. Paine, Ph.D., is director of leadership development and education for FLC University. He previously worked at the University of Tampa as associate professor of communication and government and served for eight years on Tampa’s City Council. He can be contacted at spaine@flcities.com. QC

GO TO:

drscottpaine.com to read Scott Paine's regular blog.

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SPOTLIGHT EMPLOYEE PROFILE

Amber Hughes:

An unwavering advocate for Florida cities

o day at the Florida League of Cities looks the same for Senior Legislative Advocate Amber Hughes. “How my day goes depends on which alligator is closest to the boat,” she said. Amber’s position at the FLC, where she has worked for 10 years, keeps her on her toes. During committee and session weeks, a typical day is often dependent on the Florida Legislature. The rest of the year, her job consists of calling members, traveling (pre-COVID) and, as of July 2020, leading the Florida Redevelopment Association as executive director. “FRA is a microcosm of the FLC that manages conferences, educational programs, websites, legal questions and the administration of the association,” she said. Amber’s colleagues describe her as unwavering, smart and kind. Allison Payne, manager of advocacy programs and federal affairs, said, “When Amber commits to advocating an issue, you can be sure she will dive in headfirst.” This trait was evident in Amber’s first amendment campaign in 2012 when she fought against property tax legislation that would be detrimental to Florida cities. “Working with our Communication and Education Department, I got to be integrally involved in the campaign against that amendment,” said Amber. “At the end of election night, the amendment had failed. It was a great night.” When it comes to legislative policy and the budget process, Amber has an uncanny ability to drill down complex issues and explain them in a practical, understandable way. Scott Dudley, director of field advocacy and federal affairs, said, “Amber is a very hard-working, strategic-thinking, pragmatic numbers guru with an incredible ability to get to the important part of any discussion.” Senior Legislative Advocate Jeff Branch echoed this sentiment. “She can break down the complexity of not only issues in her wheelhouse, but also those issues outside her wheelhouse.” When she’s not advocating for Florida’s cities, you can find Amber outdoors hiking, backpacking, camping, kayaking or traveling. She has climbed Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Rainier but says the trip of her lifetime was a historic pilgrimage walking across Spain. “I started in Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, France, and walked 790 kilometers across Spain to Santiago de Compostela. I then finished up with the final 90 kilometers to Cape Finisterre on the coast.” No stranger to travel, Amber has spent many hours on the road with the FLC. “Road trips with her are fun,” said Jeff, who has traveled with Amber often as a colleague in the Legislative Affairs Department. “She is the DJ on road trips and knows every genre of music.” QC

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 21

FEATURE

City-offered programs to assist businesses and individuals impacted by COVID-19 32%

Suspended or deferred rent and/or fees for municipally owned property Administering or partnering in a food distribution program March 2020 Survey

2020 CITYSTATS

Annual Survey Offers Insights Show Florida’s diverse cities share a common goal by Wade Burkley Florida League of Cities

lorida is more than a home to millions; it is a unique tapestry of communities. To some people, Florida represents sandy white beaches. Others see the state as a bustling metropolis with the best amusement parks and entertainment districts in the world. Some prefer the unique landscapes covered in nature trails and awe-inspiring wildlife. Still others are drawn to the world-class universities and businesses producing cutting-edge research and innovation. No matter where you are in Florida, each city has its own unique welcoming atmosphere for the 21 million people who call the Sunshine State home. Every city plays a major role in making Florida the most diverse state in the country, and their communities are the driving force behind what makes Florida so remarkable. Each city has a different perspective on how to most effectively and efficiently

22 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

serve their communities, and Home Rule gives cities the ability to provide services, address issues and maintain an excellent standard of living for their citizens based on their individual needs. To best serve and advocate for every city in the state, the Florida League of Cities aims to know each municipality better than anyone else. The League’s Center for Municipal Research conducts the annual CityStats survey to collect data from municipalities to better its efforts in understanding Florida’s cities, protecting Home Rule and serving as the top resource for local governments. The results from the CityStats survey and supplementary MiniSurveys throughout the year are used to create the annual CityStats Report. The annual CityStats survey is the main process by which the FLC can provide up-to-date information for its members and staff to carry out their mission. Much of the data collected

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20%

FEATURE

How cities are addressing utility bills and fees (based on 119 respondents with city utilities in March 2020)

Offering payment plans

52% 69% 79% through the survey is not available anywhere else, and it is important information for League members, staff and research institute partners. In 2020, CityStats surveys were collected from 344 of Florida’s 411 cities, totaling 84% of the total statewide municipal population. The League sends a very big thank you to all of those who take the time to respond! Florida is predominantly a state of small cities with 45% of Florida’s 411 municipalities having populations under 5,000. In 2020, the median population size for a city in Florida was 6,199, and only 11% of cities have a population greater than 60,000. Since 2000, 12 new municipalities have been incorporated in Florida with a total population of more than 350,000. Today, most Floridians (50.6%) live in cities. While Florida’s cities come in all shapes and sizes, they all work to provide essential services for their communities and residents. The most common services such as water, wastewater and solid waste collection are often provided directly by city employees or funded by the city and contracted out to other entities. In 2020, 84% of cities provided water service, and 75% managed wastewater within their community. Whether operated directly by the city or through a contract, 90% of cities provided solid waste collection to residents. Additional services tracked by the CityStats survey include animal control, building inspection and public transportation, among others. City employees perform a variety of tasks depending on the size and needs of their community. According to the 2020 CityStats survey, the size of each workforce varied from a handful of employees to several thousand in our largest cities. Overall, the median across the state was one municipal employee for every 109 residents. One factor that plays a large role in determining how many employees a city will have is how they provide public safety services, such as law enforcement and fire rescue. In 2020, over 85% of municipalities provided police and fire services for their residents. The annual CityStats Report further breaks down how cities are providing services and ensuring public safety. As local governments faced new challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, it became even more apparent how crucial they are in providing services for their citizens. During the early stages of the pandemic, the Center for Municipal Research worked with several government agencies and statewide associations to collect necessary data to help develop appropriate

Suspension or deferral of late fees Suspended cutoffs to service

responses and assist with policy decisions. Surveys included topics regarding the fiscal impact the pandemic would have on cities, assistance programs being offered by cities, travel restrictions by municipal staff and the implementation of virtual meetings, among other topics. From the very beginning of the pandemic, cities implemented policies to assist residents and businesses impacted by COVID-19. Based on a survey conducted in March 2020, the League found that 90% of responding cities were offering some form of assistance through their utility service, including suspended cutoffs and payment plans. The figure above shows the most common policies cities implemented to address the financial impact citizens and businesses were facing in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to developing policies to assist residents and businesses, cities also focused on ways to ensure the safety and well-being of municipal employees. A survey conducted in March 2020 showed that 56% of responding cities either already had in place or were developing a policy to allow for city employees to telecommute. League data demonstrates how quickly cities responded to the rapidly evolving situation during the early stages and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. While public safety and health are always a top concern of local governments, 2020 pushed these topics to the forefront of everyone’s minds. Florida cities are working around the clock to keep their citizens safe and improve their quality of life. While they serve diverse communities with unique backgrounds, they all share a common goal: to efficiently and effectively serve and provide for their communities. The full CityStats Report is posted annually at flcities.com. Select the “Research + Resources” heading. This annual report features the most notable and timely statistics from numerous Center for Municipal Research data analyses and projects, all of which are available on the League’s website or through a request to FLC staff. Wade Burkley is the research analyst for the Florida League of Cities. Contact Burkley at wburkley@flcities.com. QC

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 23

FEATURE

PHOTOS COURTESY OF CITY OF MULBERRY

The Mulberry Public Library used an instant messaging and video platform to host book clubs for students of all ages.

ENGAGEMENT

COVID-19 Changes Youth Involvement

Cities host creative programs to captivate young residents by Eryn Russell Florida League of Cities

24 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

Mulberry residents tune in to into the city’s YouTube channel for weekly activities, challenges and bloopers from previous videos.

PHOTO COURTESY OF FAITH EVERSOLE

s cities are well into their second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders have begun to reflect on the changes they have made. Starting in March 2020, cities’ youngest residents were sent home from school, afterschool activities were canceled, and city parks and local recreational areas were closed. So, what have cities done to engage their students during this pandemic? It’s important that students understand the role that cities play in their everyday life. Cities are more than street signs, soccer fields and playgrounds. Cities are the place where students learn and grow. Cities are the place where students’ voices can be heard. Cities are our homes. Florida’s cities have risen to the challenge to provide a safe space for their youngest residents. Cities have – and many still are – hosting programs to keep students engaged. When the COVID-19 pandemic closed in-person library services, the City of Mulberry’s Public Library needed to find new ways to connect with their residents. The library implemented a variety of virtual services, for students and adults, until residents were able to visit the library again. These programs were low-cost and used materials the library already had on hand.

FEATURE

GRAPHIC COURTESY OF CITY OF GULF BREEZE

For Mulberry’s preschool-age residents, the city posted story time videos that included songs and a felt board to make the video visual and engaging. The Every Book a Surprise program, aimed at elementary-age students, paired a craft with a book using materials commonly found around the house. For middle and high school students, library staff hosted poetry and art competitions, online scavenger hunts and even a virtual escape room. Virtual book clubs were also held for elementary-, middle- and high school-age students. STUDENTS INVITED TO LISTENING SESSION

The City of Gainesville, as part of the Gainesville 2035 Strategic Plan, invited local students to a City Commission meeting to hear their thoughts on the future of Gainesville. The city partnered with the school board and local colleges to identify middle school- to college-age students to participate in a listening session with the commission. The goal of the listening session was to give students a platform to share ideas and voice concerns. Students brought forth a variety of topics, from homelessness to local youth sports programs, and received immediate feedback from the city commissioners. As part of its strategic plan, the city also intends to hold workshops with local nonprofit organizations and institutional partners to discuss how the initiatives presented by the students during the listening session can be brought to life. CITIES ESTABLISH YOUTH COUNCIL

The City of Gulf Breeze recently established a youth council with its “sister cities,” the City of Pensacola and the City of Milton. The youth council, which is made up of high school juniors and seniors, began in March 2021. To formalize this program, Gulf Breeze is working with the high schools’ Interact club (sponsored by Rotary Club), student government associations and civics and history teachers. Gulf Breeze Mayor Cherry Fitch thought it was important to provide this opportunity for their youth, especially during a pandemic when so many are missing regular interaction. The newly established youth council will serve as an advisory board to the participating city councils on initiatives related to

youth. The youth council will also provide its members with community service opportunities, which will help the students who are preparing for post-high school education. As city leaders look toward the future, they understand that some municipal services may never look the same. Some cities have changed to online utility payments, allowed residents to join city meetings through a virtual platform or even hosted virtual library programming. But one aspect of municipal work has stayed the same: Cities need to continue engaging their residents, especially Florida’s future leaders. Eryn Russell is programs coordinator and an ambassador at the Florida League of Cities. QC

Largo Holds Untouchable Truck Parade The City of Largo recently hosted an Untouchable Truck Parade.

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF LARGO

The parade featured more than 30 vehicles, including the city’s trucks, local businesses’ trucks, classic cars, the Tampa Bay Lightning’s promotional vehicle and even local Jeep groups. In previous years, the Touch-A-Truck event invited families to experience a variety of city vehicles. Due to the pandemic, the city tweaked the program so that children and families could still enjoy the event while staying safe with physical distancing and/or wearing masks.

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 25

RESEARCH

CENSUS

Showing Communities They Count Florida A&M University applies data for cities’ benefit by Nathan J. Francis Florida A&M University

n 1790, the U.S. census was primarily responsible for the headcount of residents around measures of race, age and sex. Today, the U.S. Census Bureau compiles a series of complex reports. The data gathered by the Census Bureau is instrumental in determining political representation and how more than $400 billion is distributed among thousands of local communities in the United States. With the 2020 decennial census collection concluded, policymakers at the state and local government levels will use data for critical tasks. At the state level, for example, officials seek data to guide them in their redistricting efforts. Similarly, local government officials hope to understand better how shifts in population and demographics in their communities impact the need for services and allocation of resources. For these policymakers and the citizens they represent, the ability to access, understand and use census data is of great importance. Nowhere is this more true, perhaps, than in the minority and historically underserved communities where this data may prove invaluable to their representatives in making their cases for more significant government and business investment. Unfortunately, these are the same communities where skepticism regarding the purpose and use of census data is at its highest and response rates are lowest. For more than two decades, the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Census Information Center has worked

to reduce skepticism about the census

26 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

and demonstrate its importance to communities in their efforts to improve the quality of life. Since 2000, FAMU has participated as a member of a national data dissemination network for the Census Bureau. FAMU serves as an official source for population, housing and economic data for Florida with an emphasis on Gadsden, Franklin, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Taylor and Wakulla counties. As one of only two census information centers in Florida and 52 nationally, the FAMU-CIC’s mission is to “aid in the democratization of data by helping underserved and disadvantaged populations learn how to use census data; to empower themselves.” It achieves this mission by exploiting technology to disseminate data, promoting the availability of census data as an analytical tool for multiple stakeholders and providing access to data for members of the FAMU community and community-based organizations, educators, students and the general public. Housed in FAMU’s Department of History, Political Science, Geography and African-American Studies within the university’s College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, the FAMU-CIC provides a space to access census data. On a for-fee basis, Center staff can assist with accessing and interpreting data to meet specific client needs using data at the most granular level available. In some instances, this assistance may include data at the zip-code level. The Center’s core staff consists of FAMU-CIC Co-Directors Abdul Sharif and Brandon Armstrong, assistant professors

of political science . FAMU-CIC staff

works collaboratively with interdisciplinary faculty members from schools and departments throughout the university to conduct research and participate in activities promoting census data. The U.S. census has changed dramatically in scope and substance since 1790. More than a simple count of residents, the census has evolved into a powerful data tool for researchers, policymakers and citizens alike. As the Census Bureau prepares to release data from the 2020 decennial census over the coming months and to update this data over the next decade, the Center will continue its mission to serve its on-campus and off-campus stakeholders by packaging census data in ways that make it – and its implications – accessible and understandable. By partnering with researchers and organizations on and off campus, Center staff hopes to empower minority and historically underserved communities by providing them with vital data for identifying and articulating localized needs. In short, the FAMU-CIC will strive to show members of these communities that when it comes to census data, all communities count.

Nathan J. Francis, MPA, CPM, is a visiting professor in the Department of History and Political Science at Florida A&M University. For more information about the FAMU-CIC, contact Abdul Sharif, at abdul.sharif@famu.edu or Brandon Armstrong, at brandon. armstrong@famu.edu. QC DESKCUBE/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS/GETTY IMAGES

FEATURE

President’s Dinner attendees gather with National League of Cities CEO Clarence Anthony (to right of U.S. flag), Florida League of Cities Executive Director Jeannie Garner (to right of Florida flag) and other FLC leadership.

EDUCATION

FBC-LEO Holds Conference Spring event highlights promise for the future by Shwanda Barnette Florida League of Cities

ICI

ALS

FLOR

he Florida Black Caucus of Local Elected Officials – a nonprofit public policy, research and educational institute and affiliate partner of the Florida League of Cities – held its spring conference in Kissimmee. FBC-LEO saw a record number of registrants for their reimagined spring conference, and safety was a top priority. FLC staff checked attendees’ temperatures daily and worked with hotel staff to ensure the meeting rooms were arranged so that attendees could be socially distanced. Attendees wore masks to navigate safely through the property. In the conference’s openUS OF LOCAL EL UC EC CA ing address, Teresa Watkins K T C Brown , FBC-LEO president and City of Fort Myers council member, reflected on how much had changed since the group last met in March 2020. Following a warm welcome and formal recognition of sponsors, she unveiled the newly redesigned FBC-LEO logo. After the opening remarks, attendees watched a welcome video from Kissimmee Mayor Olga Gonzalez. FBC-LEO First Vice President and Haines City Mayor Morris L. West then led the Pledge of Allegiance, and FBC-LEO Chaplain and Mayor of Lake Wales Eugene L. Fultz delivered a riveting invocation.

FBC-LEO

FLC President Tony Ortiz, City of Orlando commissioner, delivered

the opening keynote address. Ortiz shared his research on how the history of oppression and discrimination in America caused the current housing crisis and then offered innovative ideas for how elected officials can work together to address this crisis in their respective communities. Following lunch, attendees heard from a diverse panel, presenting in person and virtually, on innovative affordable housing projects and solutions for municipalities. The panel, moderated by West, included Frances De Jesus, housing and communi-

National League of Cities CEO Clarence Anthony (left) with Melbourne Council Member Yvonne Minus and Florida League of Cities President Tony Ortiz.

ty development program coordinator for the City of Kissimmee; Oren J. Henry, director of housing and community development department for the City of Orlando; Regina I. Hill, City of Orlando commissioner; and Shannon Nazworth, president and CEO of Ability Housing.

The day’s final session was a panel on economic development focused on building a robust economy in Florida’s cities. The panel moderator was Justin Campbell, FBC-LEO second vice SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 27

FEATURE

president and City of Palatka commissioner, and consisted of Bakari F. Burns, City of Orlando commissioner; Thomas C. Chatmon Jr., executive director for Downtown Orlando’s Downtown Development Board/Community Redevelopment Agency; and Ken Thomas, director of housing and redevelopment for the City of Leesburg. Panelists shared their insight through indi-

vidual presentations and engaged attendees in a spirited question-and-answer session. The evening began with the President’s Reception, which led into the President’s Dinner featuring National League of Cities CEO and Executive Director Clarence E. Anthony. In his address, Anthony reflected on his formative years as a young elected official in South Bay, Fla., and recognized City of Miramar Mayor Wayne Messam, who was one of the young residents in South Bay while Anthony served as mayor. Anthony ended his heartfelt remarks by recognizing many of the elected officials in the room personally by affirming his belief in their abilities to lead their residents through the toughest situations. His last words to the group were “we are one!” Following a standing ovation, several attendees rushed to the stage to take pictures and speak with Anthony. The final morning of the spring conference continued with a session on communicating to our communities in difficult times, specifically addressing COVID-19 outreach strategies. The panel, moderated by Jessica Davis, FBC-LEO secretary and City of DeLand commissioner, included the City of St. Petersburg’s Director of Urban Affairs Nikki Gaskin-Capehart and Marketing Director Nina Mahmoudi, who both joined virtually. Attendees participated in a panel discussion on promoting the local economy and the roles that minority business programs, community redevelopment agencies and destination marketing organizations play in impacting development and partnerships. The panel was moderated by Phillip E. Walker, FBC-LEO immediate past president, FLC first vice president and City of Lakeland commissioner, and consisted of Ardail S. Allen, CCA, business analyst for the City of Tampa’s Equal Business Opportunity Office; Mayor of Eatonville Eddie Cole and Experience Kissimmee President and CEO D.T. Minich. The wealth of knowledge these panelists brought

FLC Membership Relations Director Sharon Berrian (left) with FBC-LEO Board of Directors at President’s Dinner.

to the group was appreciated by attendees, who were pleased to see a variety of cities represented in the conversation. The final session of the conference was a workshop titled “Respecting Differences for Cultural Competence,” delivered by Darrell Butler, president of BC Innovations. Butler walked attendees through the process of understanding their own cultural identities and how those identities impact others, in order to increase communication that leads to productive outcomes. Attendees actively participated throughout the session by asking poignant questions and offering thoughtful reflections. Watkins Brown closed the conference with warm words of gratitude to all those involved in making the spring conference a reality and words of hope for what next year will hold. Her final words were, “We look forward to seeing you again, soon!” That sentiment was shared by many who attended for the first time and are now looking forward to future events and educational opportunities hosted by FBC-LEO for municipal leaders. As Watkins Brown often says, “the best is yet to come” for FBC-LEO. Shwanda Barnette is an ambassador for the Florida League of Cities. QC

FBC-LEO AWARDS $1,000 SCHOLARSHIP The Florida Black Caucus of Local Elected Officials awarded its first-ever scholarship of $1,000 to Errianna Quallo at the 2021 Spring Conference. Quallo, a junior at Rickards High School in Tallahassee, was selected for her essay submission on Florida’s Emancipation. Historically recorded as May 20, 1865, this date marks the anniversary of when slavery became illegal in Florida, which is earlier than the Juneteenth date when slaves in Texas were informed of their freedom on June 19, 1865. FBC-LEO President Teresa Watkins Brown and Past President Phillip E. Walker support the efforts around the state to recognize the historical moment when Union Brigadier Gen. Edward McCook announced President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation to Florida’s inhabitants from the Knott House in Tallahassee. The FBC-LEO Board of Directors personally contributed to the scholarship and plans to develop additional scholarships.

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A N N U A L

C O N F E R E N C E

AUGUST 12-14, 2021 ORLANDO WORLD CENTER MARRIOTT Plans are underway to host the 2021 Annual Conference in person in Orlando, with virtual options available for some portions of the event. Keep an eye on your email for more details and registration information coming soon! flcities.com/annualconference

Javier_Art_Photography/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

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FEATURE

CIVIC TECHNOLOGY

Creativity at MuniMod 2021 The year of virtual events still produces connection by Chris L. Holley II Florida League of Cities

his year’s annual MuniMod civic-tech competition, held for the sixth time, had a completely different feel. As with most interactions this year, participants were not gathered before a panel of esteemed judges (think ABC’s “Shark Tank”). Instead, almost 30 young men and women representing eight teams from six universities from across Florida piled into a Zoom gathering with dreams of winning the $15,000 grand prize. The state’s largest competition of its kind, MuniMod challenges its participants to think critically about municipal functions and create cutting-edge technology and service delivery solutions to address common issues. Teams were given videos ranging from “City Government 101” available at the Florida League of Cities YouTube page to presentations from some of the top communicators and innovators in their fields to prepare them for judging. After watching, each team submitted key takeaways and lessons learned. Steven J. Vancore , president at VancoreJones Communications, preached the important aspects of concise delivery, pivoting and redirecting, all-important techniques during a question-and-answer session. FLC President Tony Ortiz, a City of Orlando commissioner, spoke to the importance of getting 30 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

involved in your community and “Building Stronger Cities,” a reference to his president’s priority. Matt Broffman, director of innovation with the City of Orlando, shared his team’s work to rethink the way citizens access the information they need from the city. Teams were able to take advantage of vetting their ideas with practitioners from across the state ranging from Hayden Brock Jester, deputy fire chief for the City of Pensacola; Jim Anderson, city manager for the City of Port St. Joe; James Dean, city manager for the City of Marianna; Mike Schentrup, police captain for the City of Gainesville; and Jeff O’Dell, police chief for the City of Kissimmee, among others. On the day of the competition, teams were given five minutes to make their product pitch and then allowed another five minutes to field questions from the judges. After the flurry of presentations and direct and challenging questions, judges’ scores were tallied. FLC Vice President Phillip E. Walker, commissioner for the City of Lakeland, congratulated all the participants for their hard work and dedication toward dreaming big ideas for cities of all shapes and sizes. In the end, Florida Atlantic University student

FEATURE

THE WINNERS AND THEIR PRODUCTS First Place Winner: Paris Prince. SPods (Florida Atlantic University). SPods is a golf-ball-sized hybrid pod innovation that allows the user to wash hands without using an external water supply for emergencies and in areas that lack adequate hygienic facilities.

Second Place Winners: Blake Richardson (left) and Elezar Tones. EaseAlert (Flagler/ University of Florida). EaseAlert is a tactile pre-alerting system for firefighters designed to combat the leading killer of firefighters: heart attacks. By mitigating the startle response with alerting systems, EaseAlert can reduce stress and improve efficiency for firefighters.

Paris Prince’s “SPods” project won the $15,000 grand prize. Two recent graduates of Flagler College and the University of Florida, Blake Richardson and Elezar Tonev, respectively, placed second

to take home the $5,000 prize for their “EaseAlert” project. “SPods” is a dissolvable water soap capsule that allows users to wash their hands without using an external water supply. “I’m so grateful for everything I gained from MuniMod,” said Prince. “The connections I made and the feedback I received throughout the competition were the most beneficial part of this experience. This is the footstool I needed to further advance this product.” “EaseAlert” is a tactile pre-alerting system for firefighters designed to combat the leading killer of firefighters: heart attacks. MuniMod helped Richardson and Tonev improve their pitch

and highlight the benefits of their product to firefighters who protect our cities. MuniMod encourages young adults to use their talent and education to focus on municipal government challenges making communities safer, cleaner and more efficient. The development of each team’s product and pitch impressed each judge, and with this experience, each team is sure to make our cities stronger. Chris L. Holley II is manager, research and innovation at the Florida League of Cities. QC

PANEL OF JUDGES From top middle (clockwise): ▸ Debra Buff, president of the Florida Association of City Clerks and city clerk of Belle Glade. ▸ Keith Nowlin, president of the Florida Local Government Information Systems Association and IT manager for the Orange County Comptroller. ▸ Mikaela McShane and Delvin VanNorman (middle), Technology Transfer Program team members at NASA. ▸ Terrill Hill, president of the Florida League of Mayors and mayor of Palatka. ▸ Michael Grebosz, district director of the Florida City and County Management Association and assistant city manager of DeLand.

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COVER FEATURE

ADVOCACY

Cities Reinforce Collective Strength

Relationships prove to be pivotal in an unusual session

32 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

by Casey Cook Florida League of Cities

COVER FEATURE

rom a process standpoint, this session was the most unusual one in Florida’s history. Access to the Capitol and committee rooms was limited due to COVID-19 restrictions. Meeting with legislators was restricted in the Senate and only allowed by appointment in the House. To testify about a bill, you had to speak to a screen at the Donald L. Tucker Civic Center several blocks from the Capitol; in essence, it was a virtual meeting. While the challenges of this session made the job of a lobbyist much harder, it reinforced how important our members are to protecting Home Rule. Your voices are what drives change, which was proven more this year than any other. (Read how cities continued to make their voices heard this session in the Advocacy in Action feature on p. 46.)

LEGISLATIVE RECAP

The 2021 Legislative Session was highlighted by a major triumph for Florida’s cities with Governor Ron DeSantis signing into law Senate bill 50 on sales tax fairness, a Florida League of Cities legislative priority that levels the playing field for local businesses in our communities with their online competitors. This change will help ensure that money spent by Floridians stays in our state and supports our businesses, retains jobs and strengthens our municipalities. This session proved that you don’t necessarily have to kill a bill to be successful in protecting Home Rule. While session began with another round of proposed preemptions that threatened Home Rule and your city’s ability to make decisions locally, some of the bills that passed were significantly watered down from their original proposals. For example, the League worked with various stakeholders to minimize the original building design preemption. The bill, which passed both chambers, now allows cities to continue applying design standards through planned unit developments or an architectural or design review board if (ILLUSTRATION) CIFOTART/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS/GETTYIMAGES

the city has one. Although it seemed like the odds were stacked against us initially, member and citizen advocacy efforts alongside our lobbying team helped significantly reduce the impact of harmful legislation affecting municipal government. While many preemption bills were diluted in their impact on municipalities, others were also successfully killed, thanks to your help. A bill preempting vacation rentals was shut down for another year. The original bill would have preempted all regulations of vacation rentals to the state, including the inspection and licensing of vacation rentals. The League worked with various stakeholders to amend the bill throughout session to narrow the preemption, but it was your overwhelming impact on key legislative decision-makers via phone calls, emails, letters and social media posts that ultimately helped turn the tide on this issue. The Senate and House companion bills died in their committees. Together, we made a significant difference this session. Relationships, such as getting to know your legislators and making sure they know your city well, were much of what led to our success. But this effort is a year-round one that doesn’t just end with sine die.

Casey Cook, Florida League of Cities director of legislative affairs, speaks at the post-session webinar. SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 33

COVER FEATURE

FLC HOLDS VIRTUAL LEGISLATIVE ACTION WEEK The Florida League of Cities held its first-ever Virtual Legislative Action Week during week three of the 2021 Legislative Session, March 15-19. While this week looked different than previous years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the League had a full schedule of events.

Virtual Legislative Action Week concluded with a live webinar version of On Tap at the Cap with the FLC lobbying team. The webinar provided an update on bills that moved that week at the Capitol, what to look out for the rest of session and where to focus advocacy efforts.

The week kicked off with a Monday morning Legislative Briefing. Members heard from the FLC lobbying team about major bills and messages that needed to be shared with legislators. That afternoon, a virtual welcome for newly elected officials and staff provided an overview of FLC services and advocacy training. On Tuesday evening, League members from around the state met online for a networking social hour.

All of the week’s events had significant turnout and great discussion. Thank you for participating in Virtual Legislative Action Week and for your ongoing advocacy efforts.

Wednesday and Thursday were centered around advocacy. While the FLC Advocacy Committee meets regularly during session to bolster the League’s advocacy efforts, registrants of Legislative Action Week were invited to join in the discussion and learn how meetings with legislators were going and what steps were needed to assist the FLC lobbying team. Building Stronger Cities Through Effective Advocacy was a two-part webinar focused on

President Tony Ortiz’s Building Stronger Cities priority, followed by a discussion with Second Vice President Jolien Caraballo on how to hold an ef-

fective meeting with your legislator. (For more on Ortiz’s priority, see p. 38.)

WHAT’S NEXT

To continue our success with protecting Home Rule, I encourage you to keep up your advocacy post-session. Have candid conversations with legislators to discuss how they voted, and publicly thank the legislators who helped your city. Invite legislators to speak at council meetings and regional league events, attend local budget hearings and tour essential facilities such as your community redevelopment agency or wastewater plant. These advocacy efforts will be crucial as we prepare for the next session and face many of the same issues, particularly with an early session ahead. The 2022 Legislative Session will start on January 11. The FLC Legislative Policy Committees will begin meeting in June to set the legislative agenda for the League and Florida’s 411 municipalities. Education is one of our best tools for ensuring local voices continue to make local choices. Many individuals in the legislative process have never served locally, so they don’t understand 34 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

Steven J. Vancore, President at VancoreJones Communications (clockwise from upper left), League Second Vice President Jolien Caraballo and League President Tony Ortiz spoke to participants.

or appreciate the role of local government. Part of our job is to educate our local legislators on this role and the concept of local decision-making, and summertime is the best time to do that. Establish credibility and build relationships with your state leaders to help them better understand local government and potentially prevent preemption before it’s even proposed. These relationships with your state lawmakers are critical to our cause. This is all about building a base of supporters and defenders of Home Rule, but to do this, they must understand what we’re fighting for. Casey Cook is the director of legislative affairs for the Florida League of Cities. QC

Port St. Lucie City Manager Russ Blackburn speaks at the Keys to Home ceremony.

OUTREACH

Supporting Florida’s Veterans Several cities assist local heroes and their families

by Kelli Gemmer Florida League of Cities

ities, towns and villages across Florida are committed to supporting, engaging and advocating for our nation’s veterans and families. The unemployment and homelessness rate for veterans had been declining nationally, but the COVID-19 pandemic brought record unemployment rates across every community. In response, several Florida cities have taken additional steps to specifically help Florida’s veterans and their families during these challenging times. More than 1.5 million veterans live in Florida, making up 12% of the state’s adult population. With the third-largest population of veterans in the nation, veterans and their families are an important part of Florida and the cities they call home. PORT ST. LUCIE DONATES HOME

The City of Port St. Lucie partnered with Synergy Homes and St. Lucie County Veterans Services to build and donate a single-family home to a local veteran or Gold Star Family,

relatives of military members who have died in the line of duty. The Gold Star/Veterans Home Giveaway was approved by the City Council after the city developed the plan and gained a commitment from Synergy Homes to lead the SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 35

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF PORT ST. LUCIE

FEATURE

PHOTOS COURTESY OF CITY OF PORT ST. LUCIE

(Left) Port St. Lucie Gold Star/Veterans Home Giveaway Winner Lisa Heintz holds a photo of her late son, U.S. Air Force Senior Airman Joshua Allen Reinwasser. (Right) Heintz with Synergy Homes representatives and youngest son, Dominik, at the lottery drawing.

construction project. The home was built on a lot of land donated by the city. The construction kickoff event took place in December for the 1,800-square-foot home valued at $265,000. The St. Lucie County Veterans Services helped advertise and co-select the recipient based on qualifying criteria and applications. Earlier this year, a random drawing took place live on the city’s Facebook page announcing the Gold Star Family that won the home giveaway. The family received the keys to the home along with a payment-free, 25year forgivable mortgage at a ceremony. During the ceremony, the Port St. Lucie Police Department’s traffic unit conducted a dignified transfer of remains for the veteran and his surviving family beginning at the family’s current residence and arriving at their new home. In the yard stood a flagpole waving the U.S. Air Force flag and the American flag, a welcome home gift donated by Councilman David Pickett. Addressing the family at the keys ceremony outside the new home, Mayor Gregory J. Oravec said that while many may not have known the veteran personally, the City of Port St. Lucie will always remember him and support the family. “I am incredibly grateful to be part of a city council, city organization and community that strives to honor its heroes with not just words but with actions,” he said. To view the keys ceremony, visit bit.ly/3bCHmKz.

JACKSONVILLE HOLDS HOMELESS VETERANS EVENT

The City of Jacksonville’s Military Affairs and Veterans Department held its 18th annual Homeless Veterans Stand Down event

earlier this year at the Jacksonville Fairgrounds. This two-day event provided access to services, resources and opportunities to veterans in need. The event began with the Homeless Veterans Job Fair and Support Services Day, which provided homeless and atrisk veterans with information on employment, shelter and housing as well as medical and dental screenings. It concluded with the Homeless Veterans Stand Down. Named after the military term that describes returning from war and concentrating on personal matters, the present-day Stand Down provides homeless veterans with the same opportunity to renew their spirit, health and overall sense of well-being. The Military Affairs and Veterans Department staff and volunteers provided free food, clothing and hygiene kits to nearly 100 veterans. Mayor Lenny Curry said, “Jacksonville is a proud military community, and this is just one of many annual events that demonstrates our steadfast commitment to, and gratitude for, the men and women who serve or have served in the U.S. Armed Forces.”

FLORIDA CITIES RECOGNIZED FOR SUPPORTING VETERANS Several Florida cities recently ranked among the best cities for veterans to live in, according to a report compiled by WalletHub. The 2020 report compared the 100 largest U.S. cities across key indicators of livability, affordability and veteran-friendliness. Florida cities ranked in the top half with the City of Orlando at No. 1, the City of Tampa at No. 3, the City of Jacksonville at No. 14, the City of St. Petersburg at No. 16 and the City of Hialeah at No. 38.

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GRAPHIC COURTESY OF CITY OF JACKSONVILLE

Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer and his Veterans Advisory Council volunteered with Soldiers’ Angels to feed 300 veteran families in need.

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF ORLANDO

FEATURE

The City of Orlando helped feed hundreds of veterans in a fall event. Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer and his Veterans Advisory Council volunteered with Orlando’s Soldiers’ Angels to honor the city’s veterans and support those who are struggling during the pandemic. Soldiers’ Angels is a global network of volunteers that provides aid and food assistance to the military, veterans and their families. “Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we made the difficult decision to cancel the city’s annual Veterans Day parade last year. However, we felt it was crucial to honor and recognize Orlando’s veterans and active military and decided to focus on a service project, to not only recognize veterans but also help provide needed support and supplies,” said Dyer. “I am grateful we were able to partner with Soldiers’ Angels in feeding 300 veteran families.” Each family received 75 pounds of groceries that were distributed by appointment through a contactless drive-thru. The city also donated $4,000 that would have been used to administer the annual Veterans Day Parade directly to Soldiers’ Angels. This donation helped ensure that each family would receive a Thanksgiving turkey in addition to the nonperishable items, dairy items, fresh meat and produce. DUNEDIN BECOMES HIDDEN HEROES CITY

Earlier this year, the City of Dunedin became the fifth Hidden Heroes City in Florida, joining a network of more than 160 communities nationwide committed to identifying, supporting and empowering local military and veteran caregivers. Dunedin joins the cities of Gainesville, Jacksonville, St. Petersburg and Winter Springs in having this designation. The Hidden Heroes Cities and Counties program was established in 2016 by the Elizabeth Dole Foundation to inspire participation in a resolution passed by the U.S. Conference of Mayors encouraging cities to increase resources for military and veteran

The City of Dunedin’s Parks and Recreation Director Vince Gizzi, left, and U.S. Military Veterans Advisory Committee Chair the Rev. Robert Swick, right, with Jennifer Henius, the citizen who brought the initiative to the committee at a City Commission meeting.

caregivers. Through this program, cities joined participating communities across the nation to streamline services and share best practices for addressing the needs of caregivers at a local level. Commissioner John Tornga said, “It’s such a salute to not only our country but to how we perceive and how we wish to take care of our veterans and their caregivers.” Municipalities interested in becoming a Hidden Heroes City can visit bit.ly/3bGJ0uF for more information. Kelli Gemmer is the assistant editor for the Florida League of Cities. QC

NATIONAL INVEST IN VETERANS WEEK Earlier this year, the Village of Palmetto Bay recognized National Invest in Veterans Week to support veterans and veteran-owned businesses. The village highlighted a retired U.S. Marines colonel who has been a Palmetto Bay resident and veteran business owner for 50 years by sharing a spotlight of the citizen through email and social media.

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PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF DUNEDIN

ORLANDO HELPS FEED VETERANS

FEATURE Florida League of Cities President Tony Ortiz meets with members of the media to discuss Building Stronger Cities and the legislative session.

ADVOCACY

Home Rule Message Spread

Businesses, clubs and residents hear about Building Stronger Cities by Joy Dickinson Florida League of Cities

lorida League of Cities President Tony Ortiz, commissioner for the City of Orlando, has traveled across the state this

year spreading the word that residents, business leaders, elected officials and other residents play key roles in advocating for Home Rule. His mission? To energize Floridians about local voices making local choices. For city leaders to be successful in governing their communities, they must have active and engaged citizens, he said. Ortiz promoted his “Building Stronger Cities” priority, which emphasizes “organizing, empowering and delivering” as roles that city leaders and residents play in local self-government. “Our mission resonates with every resident in the state of Florida and, for that matter, the whole nation because it’s a mission that needs to get anywhere and everywhere, in terms of people getting involved,” he said. Ortiz spread the message in visits to regional leagues, mayors, councils/commissions, civic clubs, chambers of commerce and local business leaders. He spoke on radio and television. Ortiz reflected on the nation's founders with each audience. He noted that public participation is a foundation for a representative democracy to work and each Floridian should take that call seriously and engage regularly. 38 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

In this era of political divisiveness, Ortiz emphasized Home Rule is a nonpartisan issue. He shared that Home Rule safeguards the wishes of citizens. Ortiz said that if residents want their cities to have control over what happens in the city, then they must speak up and let their voices be heard. “Home Rule is what allows cities to pass important ordinances that keep our neighborhoods safe, provide essential services that we rely on and to enhance our quality of life,” he commented. Citizens should engage their state politicians about issues that should be handled at the local level, he said. Examples from recent years include 5G communication towers and regulation of short-term rentals. Another example is the state’s preemption that prevented local governments from enforcing safety measures, such as wearing face coverings. Such decisions should be made by local leaders, responding to the needs of their individual communities, instead of being mandated at the state level, according to Ortiz. These discussions can take place before, during and after the Legislature meets, he advised. He urged citizens to contact their state lawmakers directly and let them know how issues impact them. “Your contact with them will remind them not to forget the people back home,” Ortiz said. When politicians start hearing from a significant

FEATURE

number of residents, then laws and legislation get changed, Ortiz emphasized. “Home Rule safeguards your wishes with respect to the needs of your local community and allows for local government to attend those needs without interference from state government,” he said. Residents can go to BuildingStrongerCities.com/residents to get more involved. “By learning more about our initiative, you will become more well-informed, know what to expect from our legislators and, most importantly, hold them accountable and committed to the needs of our communities.” Joy Dickinson is the editor and creative project manager at the Florida League of Cities. QC

NEW RESOURCES AT BUILDINGSTRONGERCITIES.COM These resources are available at the BuildingStrongerCities.com/residents website.

▸ A “TED-style” talk is available from Scott C. Paine, Ph.D., director of leadership development and education for FLC University. Paine draws on his knowledge as a former elected city official to share why local government is important in citizens’ day-to-day lives and the importance of getting engaged on local issues. Florida League of Cities president Tony Ortiz, City of Orlando commissioner, provides an introduction.

▸ A Spanish language version of Ortiz’ Join Our Mission speech is available to engage residents in advocacy. He discusses the Building Stronger Cities priority and invites those listening to join the League’s mission of local voices making local choices without state interference.

INSURANCE FRAUD THE CRIME EVERYONE PAYS FOR Insurance fraud costs the average family $400-700 annually. Help reduce these costs by reporting fraud.

UP TO $5,000 REWARD For information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person found guilty of a crime involving insurance fraud against the Florida Municipal Insurance Trust.

REPORT INSURANCE FRAUD CALL 888.447.5877

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 39

FEATURE

LOGORILLA/DIGITALVISION VECTORS/GETTY IMAGES

FINANCE

Council’s Risk Management Role Are the risks you’re taking ones that you can afford? by Robert Inzer

isk management is one of those topics that is not important until it is important, and then it can be critical. It is the same as no one wants government until there is a problem, then government becomes critical. Look at any of the natural disasters including the pandemic, and you will see that even those individuals most critical of government will be right in line, shoulder to shoulder, for government services and support beside those individuals who understand the importance of government in their daily lives. The mayor/commission is ultimately responsible for managing the risk of the organization, and yet this is one area in which most elected officials have no background or training. No one expects commissioners to be an expert in insurance, self-insurance, risk controls, etc. … but your citizens expect you to take such action as necessary to protect them. Government is the ultimate safety net for society. The world we live in today requires us to be dependent upon others for our energy, water, sanitation, food, safety and the other necessities of a civilized society. One of your jobs as elected officials is to make sure all of these services continue to work smoothly and seamlessly. Nothing in life is certain (except death and taxes). We live with uncertainty and cannot avoid taking risks. Your objective is to know and understand the risks you are taking and make sure that they are risks you can afford to take. If they are too large, then you need to transfer those risks (purchase insurance) or mitigate the risks through reserves, policies,

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regulations, etc. An axiom of good risk management is: never take a risk where you can’t cover your losses. In our private lives, we buy auto, property and life insurance to protect us from those risks we can’t afford to accept. That same thought process should be applied to your government responsibilities. The problem is that understanding and measuring those risks are much harder. Risk management starts with you. You set the tone for your organization through your policies, votes and communications. Risk management is not just about buying insurance but includes the following: ‣ Programs to ensure employees and citizens are protected. ‣ Essential services provided especially during disasters and

other emergencies.

‣ Regulations adopted and enforced to mitigate flooding and

other environmental disasters.

‣ Investments that provide adequate protection against loss

of principal and provide adequate liquidity.

‣ Debt management programs that control the level and

structure of debt.

‣ Adequate cash reserves for emergencies.

It is analyzing all of your programs to examine the risk, determine whether those risks are acceptable and determine how to eliminate or mitigate those risks.

FEATURE Let me give you a few examples of some of the problems when risks have not been properly managed. One recent example is the winter storm in Texas when lives were lost, citizens were without power or water and economic losses are estimated to exceed $50 billion. What happened was not an accident but a conscious decision by policymakers to accept a high level of risk. They assumed the risk for severe weather was so low that it didn’t warrant making the investment to mitigate these risks. They bet on short-term savings versus long-term mitigation of risks. Texas chose, through their regulatory actions and the management of their facilities, not to harden them against loss and protect them from severe weather. They chose to keep costs low by not incurring these costs. Keep in mind that other states were hit with this same unusually cold weather but with very different results. The other states had made investments to mitigate their risk, and those decisions paid huge dividends when disaster hit. Make no mistake, good risk management practices involve incurring costs for the government or the businesses you regulate. But just like the old FRAM Oil Filter commercial said, “You can pay me now or pay me later.” The costs of not practicing good risk management are periodic, not regular or predictable. These costs are subsequently measured in terms of dollars, lives and disruption of municipal services, and they can be very significant. Effective risk management practices generally involve higher costs today, but they mitigate the large emergency expenditures in the future, and more importantly, they provide your citizens with stable dependable services when they need them most. EXAMPLES OF POOR RISK MANAGEMENT

There are many other examples. In 2011, Jefferson County, Ala. (Birmingham), the wealthiest county in the state, declared

bankruptcy. The city had $3.14 billion in variable rate debt and did not fully appreciate the risk associated with the potential escalation in the interest rate on their debt. The city was aggressively expanding their sewer systems, issuing billions of dollars in new debt and had entered into some exotic debt instruments involving interest rate swaps to minimize their current interest expense. They had moved from having 95% of their debt at a fixed rate to 93% in synthetic variable rate debt. When the debt market imploded on these synthetic securities, the interest rates the county was forced contractually to pay increased to the point that the county could not afford to pay the interest when due. They enjoyed initial debt service savings, but ultimately they took risks beyond their ability to cover. In 1994, the treasurer for Los Angeles County ran a pooled investment program in which local governments in California could participate. For years it was a highly successful program generating returns well above the market. He used the assets on deposit in the pool to borrow funds and invest those borrowed funds in securities with substantially higher yields. The program worked well as long as interest rates were flat to falling, but when interest rates rose, his borrowing rates greatly exceeded his investment returns. He had leveraged the portfolio by over 200%, meaning he had borrowed and reinvested funds more than twice

his asset base. The county eventually had to borrow over $1.6 billion to cover his losses. Stockton, Calif., is the largest city to declare bankruptcy. It is a city of 315,000 but is a relatively poor city with per capita income about 30% below the California median income. The cause of its bankruptcy was committing to enhancements in police and fire pensions and post-retirement health care that they could not afford. The city was struggling to balance its budget and also negotiate with its fire and police unions. It chose to settle with the unions by not giving large salary increases but committing themselves to future pension costs that were not sustainable. Stockton was in the middle of a housing boom they thought would continue to generate large increases in tax revenues to support these changes. When the housing bubble burst, they had no option but to declare bankruptcy. Their decision to commit themselves to long-term future pension and health care costs to balance the current budget assuming the housing bubble would continue was an unacceptable risk. Each of these situations demonstrates the government’s failure to manage risk. They were trying to reduce costs to the taxpayers today by avoiding expenditures today or increasing earnings. They miserably failed in managing risk. LEAGUE PROGRAMS DESIGNED WITH RISK CONTROLS

Your Florida League of Cities has continually worked to develop programs for its members that are cost-effective and designed specifically to meet the needs of Florida cities. The leadership of the League is well aware of the risks cities face and problems when those risks are not managed. The programs are designed with risk controls in place to ensure that your city, your employees and your citizens are protected. Good risk management costs money today but avoids or mitigates large losses in the future. For that reason, you may find other providers at lower costs today but probably none that provide a better combination of low costs and high quality. This is your League, and these are your services. They are designed to meet your needs, controlled by Florida municipal leaders and monitored by trained professionals. As an owner, you should be familiar with them and how they can help your city. Over the next several months, we will highlight each program and the risk controls built into that program that protect you and your city. In the next issue, we will highlight the Florida Municipal Insurance Trust and review the various risk control measures to protect participants. The following issue, the Florida Municipal Investment Trust will be our focus, and again we will review the structure of the program and the risk mitigation tools employed. Lastly, the Florida Municipal Loan Council will be the focus, and we will review how it is designed to provide easy access to the debt markets while limiting the risk to your city. While you may be able to find other service providers, none are more committed to protecting the safety and security of your city and your citizens than the League. Robert Inzer is an advisor to the Florida League of Cities. He has 46 years of municipal finance experience that includes 30 years with the City of Tallahassee, 20 years of which was spent as city treasurer-clerk. QC SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 41

DELIVERS

Your City’s National Resource and Advocate The National League of Cities (NLC) is the voice of America’s cities, towns and villages representing more than 200 million people across the country. For over 90 years we have been delivering exclusive support and resources for local leaders and municipal staff at the national level, serving as an advocate for communities large and small.

HOW CAN NLC DELIVER FOR YOUR CITY? Education + Training

Hands-On Assistance

Community Discounts

Advocacy Support

Peer Networking

National Leadership

LEARN MORE at nlc.org/stateleague

FEATURE

Business Watch connects businesses and local government elected officials, leaders and management, and it provides a unique network to share knowledge necessary to both the public and private sectors. Together, Business Watch government and corporate members are a powerful coalition to better our economy, influence public policy and strengthen our communities. Visit businesswatchinc.com to learn more.

The Clean Waterways Act What it may mean for your city by Terri Lowery Jones Edmunds & Associates, Inc.

he Clean Waterways Act was unanimously passed as Senate Bill 712 during the 2020 Legislative Session. The Act focuses on improving the environment, and many of its provisions will require city utilities to revamp their current operations to stay in compliance with the new rules. The added emphasis on environmental protection will place an increased burden on what are likely to be already stretched budgets. Here are a few examples. Septic tanks: On July 1, 2021, the oversight of septic tanks will transfer from the Department of Health to the Department of Environmental Protection. With this change, septic tanks will be more regulated for environmental impacts than ever before. These additional requirements are focused on improving the health of our bodies of water and springs. Your city may be required to develop a septic tank remediation plan, establish new setback rules and provide cost data on septic-to-sewer projects to DEP. Wastewater treatment: Currently, city utilities report on the performance of their wastewater treatment plants. Moving forward, city utilities will be required to report on their collection system annually and create five-year planning documents outlining improvements to the collection system. Additionally, your city may be required to develop a wastewater treatment plant remediation plan. The goal of these new regulations is to reduce the nutrients released to the environment by choice and the volume of untreated wastewater accidentally spilled. To help pay for these changes, the Clean Waterways Act establishes a new wastewater grant program; however, it is subject to legislative funding each year. PHOTO COURTESY OF JONES EDMUNDS & ASSOCIATES, INC. GRAPHIC COURTESY OF DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Biosolids: Land application of biosolids must comply with new water table separation requirements or demonstrate no violation of water quality standards. Your city may have to modify your practices/facilities and have fewer disposal alternatives for biosolids, which could lead to increased costs for treatment and disposal. Potable reuse: DEP is developing rules to enable potable reuse projects based on the Potable Reuse Commission’s 2020 report recommendations. To meet future water supply needs, potable reuse might be a city’s best option. To achieve this, your city could be required to have higher levels of treatment for wastewater and drinking water facilities based on the forthcoming rules and your current treatment processes. The larger challenge for these projects is public perception, and you may need to address the public perception challenges years in advance of the water supply needs. DEP rule-making is underway, and the Clean Waterways Act is anticipated to impact budgets and utility operations beginning in fiscal year 2022 or FY 2023. Cities should pay attention as the state implements the provisions of this legislation. Please stay engaged with your Florida League of Cities lobbying team as they need local information to share with regulators during the rule-making process. Terri Lowery is a Business Watch member and senior vice president at Jones Edmunds & Associates, Inc. She can be reached at tlowery@jonesedmunds.com or 352.871.7062. QC SECOND SECOND QUARTER QUARTER 2021 2021 | | QUALITY QUALITYCITIES CITIES 43

FEATURE

The National Votes for Women Trail marker in Dunedin. From left, City of Dunedin Commissioner Maureen Freaney, Vice Mayor Jeff Gow, Commissioner Deborah Kynes, Mayor Julie Ward Bujalski and Commissioner John Tornga in front of the marker.

ENGAGEMENT

Celebrating Women

Cities reinforce their commitment to female residents through recognition by Kelli Gemmer Florida League of Cities

arlier this year, Florida cities joined communities across the nation in reaffirming their commitment to women’s rights. Several Florida cities celebrated women throughout March by recognizing historic achievements within their communities and among female residents who have helped advance and shape the cities over the years.

DUNEDIN MARKS HISTORIC SITE

The City of Dunedin partnered with the General Federation of Women’s Clubs North Pinellas Woman’s Club, the William G. Pomeroy Foundation and the National Collaborative for Women’s History Sites

to launch the first marker in Florida on the National Votes for Women Trail commemorating the history of women’s suffrage. The Trail is a project of the NCWHS that identifies and highlights sites across the country that were integral to the suffrage movement and beyond the passage of the 19th Amendment. More than 2,000

sites are accessible on a mobile-friendly website, ncwhs.org/votes-for-women-trail, that is searchable by location, suffragist, ethnicity and other criteria. The marker in Dunedin is a tribute to suffrage leader Elizabeth Skinner. A resident of Dunedin, Skinner was a state organizer for the women's suffrage effort in Florida. The marker was placed at the former site of Library Hall where Skinner hosted suffrage meetings and Florida Federation of Women’s Club meetings. In March, the city hosted a dedication ceremony attended by members of the community, including Skinner’s family who still live in the area. “We couldn’t be more proud to be the first Florida city to honor the women who fought for the right to vote,” said Mayor Julie Ward Bujalski . “For generations, Dunedin has had strong women leaders. Today, all three charter officials are women as well as three of five members of our commission, including the mayor.”

City of Brooksville female employees and women in the community attended the City Council meeting where March 8 was proclaimed International Women’s Day.

44 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

EVENTS AND PROCLAMATIONS

Several cities celebrated women with events and proclamations for Women’s History Month and International Women’s Day. The City of Brooksville issued a proclamation designating March 8 as International Women’s Day. The Brooksville City Council invited all female employees and women in the community to attend and be recognized at the March council meeting. The Largo City Commission celebrated women with a proclamation accepted by the City of Largo’s 2021 Women’s History Month honoree, Largo Police Major Ann Starling, the first female major in the Largo Police Department.

City of Largo Police Major Ann Starling with Vice Mayor James Robinson.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF CITY OF BROOKSVILLE (BOTTOM LEFT) AND CITY OF LARGO (BOTTOM RIGHT)

PHOTOS COURTESY OF CITY OF DUNEDIN

FEATURE Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer proclaimed March as Women’s History Month in the City of Orlando. As part of the celebration and the important contributions women have made in the Central Florida community, the city presented the film, “Woman in Motion: Nichelle Nichols, Star Trek and the Remaking of NASA” at the Dr. Phillips Center Frontyard Festival.

The City of Orlando presented the film, “Woman in Motion: Nichelle Nichols, Star Trek and the Remaking of NASA.”

The City of West Palm Beach issued a proclamation observing Women’s History Month at a City Commission meeting and hosted a monthlong series of events for adults and children including a book discussion, teen STEM workshop, movie screening, musical performance and more. DIGITAL CAMPAIGNS SPOTLIGHT WOMEN

Cities also recognized women in their communities through digital campaigns across email, social media and the web. The City of Coral Gables highlighted 16 of the city’s female leaders on social media. Mayor Raúl Valdés-Fauli alongside Miami-Dade County ’s first female mayor, Daniella Levine Cava, also proclaimed Women’s History Month in Coral Gables.

in March. The effort was spearheaded by Commissioner Alexandra P. Davis to recognize the city’s female leaders and showcase their achievements and service within the community. The City Commission also created the Justice The City of Coral Gables highlighted 16 of the city’s female leaders on social media during Women’s History Month.

The City of Coral Springs launched the “Her Story” campaign. Throughout March, the city highlighted five women through videos on their website and social media platforms who have made significant contributions to the Coral Springs community. The women featured were individually selected by members of the City Commission. The city also encouraged residents and local business owners to highlight other inspirational women in the community by using #HerStoryCS on social media.

The City of Coral Springs launched the Her Story campaign.

Throughout the month, the City of Gainesville highlighted some of the

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Commission on the Status of Women Advisory Board , sponsored by Commissioner Yvette Colbourne, to “identify and resolve econom-

ic, health and wellness, social, and all other issues concerning women’s lives through education and advocacy.” Miramar also invited local high school students to pen an essay honoring the extraordinary achievements of American women under the theme, “Vice President Kamala D. Harris – Achievement, Opportunity, Precedence and Purpose.” Two winners were selected and recognized at a City Commission meeting in March where excerpts of their essays were read. The student winners were featured on the city’s website and social media. They also received certificates signed by city officials as well as an autographed copy of “The Ambitious Collective” written by Cultural Affairs Director Camasha Cevieux. The Village of Palmetto Bay recognized 31 women for each day of the month via email and social media to commemorate and celebrate the role of women in the village and its history. Kelli Gemmer is the assistant editor for the Florida League of Cities. QC

city’s female leaders behind the action through profiles featured in the GNV News emails. The City of Miramar spotlighted female leaders who have impacted their community through videos each week

NLC INTERVIEWS WOMEN LEADERS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT The National League of Cities interviewed female leaders in local government to see what inspired them to run for elected office and what Women’s History Month means to them. Read their stories in the NLC’s blog: bit.ly/3u4oafe. The NLC celebrates women in local government year-round through NLC’s Women In Municipal Government group. WIMG has been uniting and uplifting women in local government since 1974 and encourages women to run for office. In an article written by NLC President Kathy Maness, she said, “Women have long been underrepresented in local government. WIMG serves as a vehicle for members to discuss problems and explore solutions, debate policy issues and contribute to the success of American cities and towns.”

PHOTOS AND GRAPHICS COURTESY OF (COUNTERCLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT) CITY OF ORLANDO, CITY OF CORAL SPRINGS AND CITY OF CORAL GABLES

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 45

ADVOCACY

LEGISLATURE

Grassroots Action

by Scott Dudley Florida League of Cities

Cities continue to make their voices heard

n my 35 years in politics, I can count on one hand the number efforts. Another group of potential allies is former elected offiof times I have had a legislator implore me to “please ask your cials in your city. For the time they served on their council or people to stop calling me. I know your position. I am on your side commission, they were part of our team fighting for Home Rule. now, and I will do everything I can to help you achieve your objecJust because they no longer hold office doesn’t mean that they tive.” These are some of the sweetest words any advocate can hear. have forgotten the importance of being responsive to their citThanks to your efforts and the Building Stronger Cities camizens or the recognition that the level of government that best paign, the Florida League of Cities advocacy team and Florida’s fosters such responsiveness is municipal government. cities had a successful legislative session. The FLC LegislaIn polling done over the years, when educated on the role of tive Department was able to local government, the averkill numerous bad bills or to age citizen understands and amend them substantially to supports the concept of local have fewer adverse impacts decision-making. During the on your cities. They also succoming months, we need you cessfully advocated for legisto help us educate, recruit and lation that will help your citengage your citizens so that ies. The success of the session next session, we can bring is a direct reflection of the efeven greater numbers of voices fort that each of you put into to the fight. Reach out to your building your relationships neighborhood associations, – Margaret Meade with legislators and reaching homeowner groups, civic clubs out to them to let them know and other organizations and how a particular piece of legencourage these already active islation might impact your city and the citizens you represent. citizens to lend their voice to the effort to protect Home Rule. As you know, this year we turned up the heat on legislators a League staff can help prepare presentations for you (or us) to little more by asking you to engage your citizens in our advocacy speak to these groups. If each of the approximately 2,500 muefforts. An unprecedented number of citizens weighed in with nicipal elected officials can add one additional engaged voice to their legislators through emails, letters and phone calls advocatour advocacy effort, think of what we can accomplish. ing on behalf of local decision-making. To all of you who helped Ask your citizens, your fellow council member, the person in your engage these citizens in our fight, we are grateful. civic club or even a former elected official from your city to text Of course, our work is not (ever) done. Each of you must hold “Home Rule” to 50457 so they can become part of the effort to save your legislators accountable for their votes – the bad votes against local control. Go to BuildingStrongerCities.com for more information. Home Rule as well as the votes they made to support cities. Continue to offer yourselves as a resource for your legislator; invite them Scott Dudley is the director of field adto your council/commission meeting to talk about why they cast the vocacy and federal affairs at the Florida votes they did. Publicly thank them, encourage them and admonish League of Cities. QC them for their representation of your city – and your citizens. We also are asking you to talk to the other members of your council/commission and ask them to get involved in our advocacy

“

Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens

can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.

46 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

”

MANGOSTAR_STUDIO/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS/GETTY IMAGES

The Florida League of Cities

Municipal Directory The Florida League of Cities Municipal Directory includes information on all municipalities: • Names of the elected and charter city ofﬁcials. • Mailing and street address of the city. • Telephone and fax number of city ofﬁces. • Primary city email and website where available.

This free online directory provides the most current information available. The Municipal Directory is available at ﬂcities.com under “Research + Resources.” Email updates to erussell@ﬂcities.com.

FEATURE

PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF WESTON

Residents enjoy a family-friendly movie at one of Weston’s “Moonlight Movies in the Park” events.

RECREATION

Embracing the Outdoors

Cities find safe and successful ways to engage residents outside by Brittni Johnsen Florida League of Cities

PARKS FIND NEW POPULARITY

Unable to travel or visit their favorite pre-pandemic places, city parks became the new go-to destination for residents. They also became an even more popular place for cities to safely host events. The City of Weston’s “Moonlight Movies in the Park” events invited residents to Tequesta Trace Park for a safe, fun event outdoors. Admission to each show was free, but capacity was limited, so residents were admitted on a first-come, first-served basis. To ensure all attendees practiced safe physical distancing, residents were assigned spots to sit in and required to wear masks. The City of Port St. Lucie hosted an event at a city park that not only successfully got residents outdoors but also helped gather feedback for their strategic plan. Due to the pandemic, the city decided to host its annual “Citizens Summit” – part of its strategic 48 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

planning process – virtually with three pop-up outdoor events. The “Strategic Plan Exploration Trail” event invited residents to learn about current and future projects from the city’s strategic plan while touring Port St. Lucie’s newest and largest park. Attendees were given a road map, an envelope with stickers and suggestion cards, all of which they used to answer questions or provide feedback to the city. The park’s pathways were lined with signs featuring fun facts about the city and information on the city’s strategic plan and its goals. The event also included fitness demonstrations, a golf putting contest and activities for children and adults. The free event, which required residents to wear masks, saw more than 250 residents participate. Port St. Lucie’s pop-up event invited residents to tour the newest park while learning about the city’s strategic plan. PHOTO COURTESY OF CITY OF PORT ST. LUCIE

utdoor events and activities aren’t a novel idea, especially here in the Sunshine State. But as the pandemic forced Floridians and the rest of the world inside, wideopen spaces in the great outdoors seemed more important – and desirable – than ever before. So, cities found ways to safely get their residents out of the house and into the sun. From leisurely activities and educational workshops to exercise classes and communitywide challenges, here are just some of the ways that cities got residents out and about during the pandemic.

FEATURE STAYING ACTIVE

In addition to keeping residents entertained while outdoors, cities also found ways for them to stay active and exercise in the sun. In the City of Venice, residents were invited to participate in two walking tours hosted by the Venice Museum & Archives during winter and spring 2020 and again this spring. The Venezia Park Tour, offered on Tuesdays, focused on the different forms of architecture that made the Mediterranean style prominent in the city.

Anglers with largemouth bass caught during the Bassmaster College Series National Championship, co-hosted by the City of Leesburg.

The Venice Museum & Archives offered walking tours that focused on historical homes and architecture.

The Grand Homes Tour was offered on Thursdays and focused on the important role the owners of the grand homes played in the development of the city. COVID-19 safety protocols were practiced, and masks were required. The fee for each tour was $20, and registration was required 24 hours in advance. The Town of Cutler Bay also offers monthly guided kayak tours at Lakes by the Bay Park. The town partners with a local business to offer guided tours exploring the 23-acre lake and surrounding flora and fauna. The tours are limited to 10 people per tour and are offered on a first-come, first-served basis. The fee for each tour is $10 per person, which includes the gear and equipment. Learn more at cutlerbay-fl.gov/kayaktours.

Cutler Bay residents enjoy monthly guided kayak tours at the town’s Lakes by the Bay Park.

The City of Leesburg began hosting fishing tournaments last summer and has hosted or co-hosted 16 fishing events and counting. The tournaments ranged in size from 60 to more than 175 participants. The city partnered with organizations to co-host these tournaments including local groups such as the Greater Orlando Sports Commission and Visit Lake as well as nationally recognized organizations such as Bassmaster, Bass Pro, Florida Bass Nation, Major League Fishing and more. Not only have these tournaments successfully and safely allowed residents to enjoy the great outdoors during the pandemic, but they’ve also infused much-needed dollars into the local economy. Ormond Beach’s younger residents participate in one of the Reel in the Fun fishing tournaments.

The City of Ormond Beach Department of Leisure Services hosted “Reel in the Fun,” a fishing tournament for kids, last summer and this spring. Both tournaments were open to ages 4-12, and participants had to be Ormond Beach residents. Participating teams were allowed up to two children each with one adult providing supervision. To ensure guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were followed, the tournaments were hosted at local sites that allowed participants to practice physical distancing. These tournaments were strictly catch and release, meaning that any fish caught during the tournament was returned to the water after being weighed.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF (COUNTERCLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT) CITY OF VENICE HISTORICAL RESOURCES, NATURE POSTINGS, CITY OF ORMOND BEACH AND CITY OF LEESBURG

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 49

FEATURE CLERMONT HOLDS JUNIOR PARK RANGERS PROGRAM The City of Clermont launched a Junior Park Rangers program for children ages 4 to 10 to learn about Clermont’s parks with activities from the city’s park rangers.

A City of Clermont park ranger and staff lead junior rangers on an exploration to find nature at Lake Hiawatha Preserve.

More than 40 children explored Lake Hiawatha Preserve for plants, animals and park landmarks on a scavenger hunt bingo card. Each activity was led by a park ranger who provided an overview of each city park and why water safety is important. Program Manager Emily Deal said, “It was the perfect way to familiarize kids and parents with our park rangers, city resources and safety tips.”

HOLIDAYS, CELEBRATIONS AND EVENTS

Many cities also brought their annual events and celebrations outside. T h e C i t y o f D e l ra y Beach hosted an outdoor St. Patrick’s Day Scavenger Hunt for residents earlier this year. The scavenger hunt gave residents one week to find seven St. Patrick’s Day icons hidden throughout the city’s parks. The hunt’s rules and a list of clues were posted on the city’s website the day before the event began for participants to download. Every time participants found one of the hidden icons, they used their phone’s camera to scan the unique QR code placed on each icon to submit their entry. Each participant could submit seven entries for the chance to win a prize. Delray Beach wasn’t the only city hosting a scavenger hunt during the pandemic. In celebration of the Village of Wellington ’s 25th anniversary as a municipality, the Wellington Historical Society hosted an outdoor photo scavenger hunt earlier this year for places or objects within the city. Participants were asked to find the answers to 25 clues, visit the place or object, take a picture of it and then share the photos. Participants joined representatives of the historical society, the Village of Wellington and the Wellington Chamber of Commerce to hear the winners announced and for prize drawings. Registration was required, and the cost was $25 for up to five team members. Physical distancing and face masks were required. In addition to being a safe outdoor activity, the scavenger hunt also offered a fun way for residents to learn about the people and stories of Wellington’s past. 50 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

Coral Springs hosted spooky swim sessions at its Monster Splash event.

Another city celebrated spooky season outside, but with a bit more sunshine. Last fall, the City of Coral Springs hosted its “Monster Splash” event at the city’s Cypress Pool. Residents were invited to enjoy a two-hour spooky swim session complete with a Halloween-decorated pool deck and festive music. Multiple swim sessions were offered over three days. The event was free for residents to attend. Space was limited to 80 guests per session, so pre-registration was required.

The City of Palm Bay hosts “Food Truck Fridays” for residents every other week at City Hall.

The City of Palm Bay holds “Food Truck Fridays” at City Hall. This biweekly event invites residents to purchase lunch from food truck vendors. The city offers covered seating for patrons to sit and enjoy lunch outside, or they can take their food to go. Not only have these events encouraged residents to get outside, but they’ve also helped support local small businesses. Despite a challenging year, Florida’s cities, towns and villages have been able to safely and successfully brighten their residents’ days by providing safe outdoor activities and events. Whether on front porches, in backyards or at city parks, they all bring a bit of much-needed sunshine to their communities. Brittni Johnsen is the media relations coordinator for the Florida League of Cities. QC

PHOTOS AND GRAPHICS COURTESY OF (COUNTERCLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT) CITY OF CLERMONT, CITY OF DELRAY BEACH, WELLINGTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY, CITY OF PALM BAY AND CITY OF CORAL SPRINGS

Access to Employment Law Attorneys at NO COST The Florida Municipal Insurance Trust’s exclusive Employment Law Advisor program offers access to a Florida-based attorney with significant public-sector employment law experience. And, the best part is there is no cost to members of the FMIT. We can help with a wide range of employment-related matters, including: Hiring Discipline Promotion/Demotion Transfer Reassignment Layoff Termination ADA Compliance Complaints of Discrimination, Harassment, Unfair Treatment and Retaliation

Help is only a phone call away. FMIT members can speak with an attorney Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., by calling 888.368.FMIT (3648).

FEATURE

ANASTASIIA YANISHEVSKA/OGICHOBANOV/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS

FINANCE

Government Money And Citizens’ Trust

A tale of revenues, expenses and the key role they play in a democracy by Robert Inzer

’d like to provide a completely different perspective on why your city’s finances are important. There are a few givens. You already know that you are required by law to annually adopt a balanced budget. You know you need reserves for unexpected events (hurricanes, environmental disasters, pandemics, etc.). You know you want to monitor how much you are spending to hold your managers accountable for the resources you’ve provided them. You know you don’t want anyone stealing, so internal controls are important. What you may not have considered is the role municipal finance plays in supporting democracy.

52 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

I’ve spent almost my entire career as a municipal finance professional, working first for the City of Tallahassee as city treasurer and then as clerk of the court and comptroller for Leon County . I recognized the importance of municipal finance as an important and necessary tool to govern but never thought of it as necessary for a democratic society. That all changed for me in the early 1990s. I was in my office in 1992 when I received a call from the Conference of Baltic States asking me to do training for newly elected municipal finance officers in Druskininkai, Lithuania. While I was

well aware that the Berlin Wall had fallen in November 1989 and that the Eastern bloc countries were gaining their independence from Russia, that was about all I knew. I advised them that they had made a mistake, that I could hardly find Lithuania on a map. I was generally unaware of their history, culture and governance and could not speak the language. In short, I had nothing to offer them. Before they would take no for an answer, they suggested that I listen to what they wanted me to talk about. They advised me that communism, at least that practiced in the former

FEATURE

Our continued vigilance is required to maintain, support, defend and enhance the freedoms we enjoy and take for granted. Soviet Union, was a corrupt system. Everything was controlled by the federal government; local governments had no authority and were nothing more than instruments for the federal government. There was no budget or at least no budget that the citizens had access to. Citizens didn’t know where the government’s money came from or how it was spent. They had no input into their taxation, fees, charges or how the money would be used. There were few if any internal controls, and stealing and payoffs were the norm, not the exception. Services were often controlled by whom you knew or your willingness to pay someone under the table to obtain them. Citizens had no roles, responsibilities, information or process to be involved in their government. The communist government exercised control over citizens’ private and business lives. The Baltics countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia were establishing new democratic states. Unfortunately, they had been controlled and governed so long by the former Soviet Union, which limited travel and their access to information, their only knowledge of governance was what they had experienced under communism. After more than 200 years of democratic government in the United States, we take democracy and our freedoms for granted. It is easy to assume that everyone around the world thinks as we do: that they want and expect their government to be accountable and transparent and provide them with the opportunity to be informed and involved in their country’s governance. We forget how much of what we have been taught has evolved since 1776. We

take it as a given that we have the right to know where our government’s money comes from and how it is spent. We accept that all citizens are free and equal and have the same rights to services and protection. The Constitution of the United States paraphrases John Locke when it says: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. – That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed … .” A democratic society cannot exist without the consent and support of the governed. As someone who had been a practicing municipal finance professional, I had never thought of the role that municipal finance plays in supporting and maintaining democracy. It is the budget that communicates to the citizens where the money comes from and how it is spent. It is the annual audit that provides independent confirmation of the revenues and expenditures. It is the financial internal controls that minimize the risk of theft, corruption and waste. It is the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report that provides metrics of activities and background information for citizens to understand their government’s financial condition. It is the free and easy access to all of this information that provides accountability and transparency. Without each of these, our citizens could not have the information to be involved or to trust their government. When the Conference of Baltic States said they wanted me to teach the role of

municipal finance in a democratic society – that I didn’t have to know the language, history, culture or governance but needed to be able to describe how each of these features was important and integral to their future success – I could not say no. So, in 1992, I spent one week teaching newly elected municipal professionals their roles and responsibilities in these newly created democracies. I’m sure I learned more than I taught as they told me horror stories of their experiences under Soviet control. Commissioners, mayors and other elected officials are always working to gain the respect and support of your citizens. Make sure that citizens’ concerns are on the appropriate policy, not on the integrity of the government. The citizens should be debating whether to build a road or a park, hire new police officers, improve drainage, raise or lower taxes, etc. … and not distrust where the money came from or where it was spent. Democracy is fragile. We’ve witnessed how it has emerged and been corrupted and replaced in many other countries. Keep in mind that it is not a given that it will always be the form of government in the United States. Our continued vigilance is required to maintain, support, defend and enhance the freedoms we enjoy and take for granted. Your local finance professionals are doing their job and need your continued support. Robert Inzer is an advisor to the Florida League of Cities. He has 46 years of municipal finance experience that includes 30 years with the City of Tallahassee, 20 years of which was spent as city treasurer-clerk. QC

SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 53

QC lifestyle QUALITY CITIES

BALANCING LIFE

AND PUBLIC SERVICE

HEALTH

Skin Care Routines

Protect your face and hands while protecting others by Sheryl Jackson

ry, itchy hands? Unexplained irritation or rash on the face? These are two of the side effects of frequent handwashing and wearing masks that help prevent the spread of COVID-19 as well as other viruses such as influenza and the common cold. Fortunately, a few simple changes in skin care routines can overcome these issues. HAND CARE:

▸ Wash with warm, not hot, water. ▸ Use a hypoallergenic soap that has no perfumes or other irritants. ▸ Pat – don’t rub – hands dry or air dry them. ▸ Use a moisturizer that contains mineral oil or petroleum and work it into the fingertips and nails. ▸ At bedtime, use petroleum jelly on hands. Also, you can wear lightweight cotton gloves to lock in moisture overnight.

When using hand sanitizer because handwashing is not feasible, have a tube of hand cream or ointment available to apply immediately after using sanitizer. 54 QUALITY CITIES | SECOND QUARTER 2021

FACE CARE:

▸ Use a gentle cleanser every day and moisturize immediately after cleaning. ▸ Clean your face before and after wearing a mask. ▸ If you wear a mask for several hours, re-apply moisturizer. ▸ Avoid wearing makeup or other skincare products that can clog pores because the mask rubs the skin. ▸ Use petroleum jelly on lips to prevent chapping. ▸ Use petroleum jelly or zinc oxide to protect areas where the mask rubs: bridge of the nose, chin and behind the ears.

An often overlooked part of face care while wearing masks is the mask itself. Avoid synthetic material masks because they lock in moisture from the face, which increases irritation. Cotton is often the best choice for people with sensitive skin. Keep several masks handy so they can be rotated and washed frequently. Wash them with soap and water but avoid any soaps with perfumes or other irritants. If you wear a disposable mask for a long time, consider changing it halfway through the day. This ensures you have a clean mask. For extra skin protection, rinse and re-moisturize your face before putting on the new mask. Sheryl Jackson is a freelance writer. QC GLOBALMOMENTS/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS/GETTY IMAGES

CECILIE_ARCURS/E+/GETTY IMAGES

LIFESTYLE

HEALTH

Tension Headaches

How to recognize and prevent this common type of pain by Erika Branchcomb Florida League of Cities

our head feels like someone is squeezing it in a vise from all sides. Your neck and jaw feel tight, and you have trouble focusing. You’re tired and irritable, and even the slightest noise bothers you. Sound familiar? Like 80% of American adults, you may be experiencing tension headaches. The most common type of headache in adults, tension headaches can be episodic (occurring less than 15 days a month) or chronic (occurring more than 15 days a month). Either type can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several days. Episodic headaches tend to happen in the middle of the day and start slowly. Chronic headaches occur over more extended periods. And while the pain may ebb and flow, it’s nearly always present. WHAT CAUSES TENSION HEADACHES?

Unlike other types of conditions, these headaches are not genetically inherited, and there is no single factor that consistently causes them. Everyone has different factors that can trigger a tension headache. Common causes include: ‣ Mental or emotional stress. ‣ Lack of sleep.

‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣

Fatigue. Hunger. Anxiety. Eyestrain. Not drinking enough water. Skipping meals. Alcohol. Smoking. Poor posture. Low iron levels.

CAN THEY BE PREVENTED?

In addition to avoiding some of the behaviors and habits listed above, there are several other ways to help prevent tension headaches. ‣ Supplements. Studies have indicated that some dietary supplements may help prevent or decrease the frequency of tension headaches. These include butterbur, feverfew, magnesium, riboflavin and Coenzyme Q10. ‣ Relaxation techniques. Regularly practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and mindful meditation, can help your body and mind unwind and reset. You can also try using heat on your neck and shoulders to relax the muscles.

‣ Headache journal. This approach is

like keeping a food journal to help identify allergy triggers. By keeping track of when headaches start, what activities were taking place, how long the headache lasted and what (if anything) provided relief, you can begin tracking patterns and making lifestyle adjustments accordingly. ‣ Biofeedback. Unlike the suggestions above, this technique requires special training and is typically not done at home. A therapist generally performs it in a medical office setting by attaching electrodes to your body to detect electrical impulses in your neck and shoulder muscles. This type of therapy helps you learn where the tension is coming from and how to better target those muscles for relaxation. Erika Branchcomb is the senior communications specialist at the Florida League of Cities. QC Sources: mayoclinic.org, webmd.com, health.harvard.edu SECOND QUARTER 2021 | QUALITY CITIES 55

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Quality Cities | Second Quarter 2021

Articles inside

From the President

QC Today

CityStats Annual Survey Offers Insights

Skin Care Routines

Employee Profile

Vive la Difference!

Tension Headaches

Government Money and Citizens’ Trust

Embracing the Outdoors

Council’s Risk Management Role

Grassroots Action

Celebrating Women

Home Rule Message Spread

The Clean Waterways Act

Investing in History

Supporting Florida’s Veterans

Paving the Path Forward

FBC-LEO Holds Conference

Cities Reinforce Collective Strength

Creativity at MuniMod 2021

COVID-19 Changes Youth Involvement