DRIVE 2/2012

ISSUE 2/2012

MAGA ZINE FOR S TUDENTs OF ENGLISH / LE VEL a 2– b1

T H r o u gh

yo u r

e ng l i s h

How I Met Your Mother Are you also addicted?

No Game with Wild Game

Interview with a gamekeeper

amazing Eyes Human vs. animal eye

Enter the 3 Dimension rd

Learn more about 3D technology

Our partner for 2012/13

MAGA ZINE FOR STUDENTs OF ENGLISH / LE VEL a2– B1

T H r o u gh

yo u r

e ng l i s h

Contents / issue 2 /20 1 2 How often do you take antibiotics?

O pinion Poll

3

How our readers cure sore throats and high temperatures.

Dangers of Antibiotics Overuse

health

4

econom y/ tec hnolog y

6

Consider the risks before you start taking antibiotics.

4

Taking Film to the Next Dimension

Learn about the huge profits in the film industry and the basics of 3D technology.

Somebody Help Me Please!

true story

8

photo story

9

geogra ph y

10

Read what happened to our colleague Ryan.

Parkouring See how beer and parkour don’t go together.

Tweed, Tom Jones, Titanic, Tea: The UK

10

Look at our map of the UK and discuss stereotypes.

Legendary Sitcom: How I Met Your Mother

c ulture

12

planet/animals

14

Is it a true picture of society?

Human vs. Animal

Discover amazing facts about the human eye.

No Game with Wild Game

WO R K / PR O F E S S I O N S

16

Join our thrilling interview with a gamekeeper.

16

T E S T YO U R S E L F

18

Take our test to find out what kind of patient you are.

This icon means extra exercises on our website www.drive.gradus.cz.

Solutions

Nejsme plátci DPH.

p. 5 1a), 2b)

CELOROČNÍ BONUSY/HROMADNÉ OBJEDNÁVKY 10–17 ks = 1 výtisk zdarma 18–30 ks = 2 výtisky zdarma + poštovné zdarma 31–45 ks = 3 výtisky zdarma + poštovné zdarma 45< ks = 4 výtisky zdarma + poštovné zdarma

p. 13 1b)

Časopis Drive vychází měsíčně, objednat si můžete: na www.drive.gradus.cz / mailem objednávky.drive@gradus.cz telefonicky na čísle +420 608 539 129 Předplatné říjen–červen (9 čísel): 225 Kč Poštovné a balné říjen–červen (9 čísel): 180 Kč

In December – free CD with each magazine!

p. 15 1) H uman eyes can see well in both darkness and light. They can change focus quickly and can see colours very well.

Předplatné 2012/2013

p. 17 1F, 2F, 3GK, 4GK, 5F, 6GK

Web task

Are You a Hypochondriac?

difficulty

O p i n i o n Po l l

On pages 4–5, we report on the dangers of overusing1 antibiotics. We wanted to know how our readers use antibiotics, so we asked five of them:

“What do you usually do when you have a sore throat2 and a high temperature?”

“How often do you take antibiotics?”

Vítek, 17 years I get a sore throat once or twice a year.

I never have a high temperature. An­ tibiotics? Perhaps once every four years. If I’m really ill, then why not?

But you shouldn’t take them just because you feel like it.

Katka, 15 years When I have a sore throat and a high temperature, I go to the doctor. He examines3 me and prescribes* me some antibiotics.

Then I stay in bed, drink hot tea or orange juice and take 2–3 pills4 a day for a week.

Language note

* to prescribe = předepsat a prescription = předpis, recept

Martin, 19 years When I have a sore throat and a high temperature, I usu­ ally stay at home in bed. I drink herbal5 tea with honey. I’m not ill very often.

I think I have a really good immune sys­ tem, so I do not take antibiotics often, once a year at most.

Vocabulary

Karolina, 17 years When I have a sore throat and a high temperature, I don’t go to school so I don’t infect other people.

I don’t lie in bed because I get bored, but I drink a lot of tea. Ginger6 tea is the best. It doesn’t taste very good, but it always helps me a lot.

I only take antibiotics when I feel really bad.

overusing [ˌəʊvə ˈjuːzɪŋ] – nadužívání 2 sore throat [sɔː θrəʊt] – bolení v krku 3 to examine [ɪgˈzæmɪn] – vyšetřit 1

Barbora, 16 years When I have a sore throat and a high temperature, I usu­ ally drink a lot of tea.

I stay in bed all day long. I try to take as many vitamins as possible. I don’t like antibiotics at all, but if it’s necessary,7 I take them, usually once a year.

pill [pɪl] – pilulka herbal [ˈhɜːbəl] – bylinný 6 ginger [ˈdʒɪndʒə] – zázvor 7 necessary [ˈnesɪsərɪ] – nutný 4 5

drive / November 2012

| 3

H e a lth

difficulty

Dangers of Antibiotics Overuse No antibiotics, please!

Next time you visit your doctor, be ready to say: If there is a way to help me feel better without antibiotics, I would prefer that! / David Gering-Hasthorpe (UK)

Doctors worry

Antibiotics aren’t always the answer

Antibiotics are wonderful medications. They often save our lives. Unfortunately, antibiotics are quickly losing their effects and there are not any new ones to replace them. Are we going back to the sad old days before the discovery of penicillin? Doctors warn that people will start dying again from wounded knees or strep throat1 (streptococcus sore throat). The reason is that many bacteria* are getting resistant2 to antibiotics, because we use them too much. Antibiotics resistance is one of the world’s biggest problems in health care.3

Sick people want to get better very fast. They put a lot of pressure on doctors to prescribe8 antibiotics for them. For too long people wanted “a pill for every ill”. As a result, too many unnecessary antibiotics are prescribed every year. Such overuse9 of antibiotics is dangerous. It causes the increasing resistance of some bacteria to antibiotics. Doctors and patients then have no way to fight them. mber

Nove

What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are a type of medicine that destroys bac­ teria that make you sick. They work very well against bacteria, but not against viruses. Look at the most frequent types of infections: Bacterial infections:

Viral infections:

bladder4 infection

flu

wound5 and/or skin infection

cold

strep throat

cough6

middle ear infection

runny nose7

YES for antibiotics

NO for antibiotics

4 | Health

18

How to keep antibiotics effective for the future?

The good news is that more and more people know about the dangers of antibiotics overuse. There are many campaigns teaching people how to use antibio­ tics in a responsible10 way: • An American campaign called Get Smart says that “Antibiotics don’t work for viruses like colds and the flu”.

• The French government started a similar campaign called “Antibiotics are not automatic” in 2002.

• The Czech Republic participates each year in The Eu­ ropean Antibiotic Awareness Day on November 18.

Did yo u k now

It is in your hands When you have got a cold, a cough and a runny nose, don’t force your doctor to prescribe antibiotics imme­ diately. Follow your doctor’s advice and spend some time in bed. Wait for a few days to get better. Stay at home, use paracetamol for fevers and drink tea, mi­ neral water or juice. Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables.

Sleep as much as you can. Give your body time to fight viruses. This will make your immune system stronger.

The final advice is: take care, NOT antibiotics!

Penicillin was the first antibiotic. It was discovered

by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He was a bacteriologist. Penicillin was made from mould!

Antibacterial fruit and vegetables Scientist found that our grand­mothers were right.

Onion, garlic, blueberries and cranberries have strong antibacterial effects, and taste much better than any medication.

You will NOT destroy us. We are resistant!

Good Guys and Bad Guys Bacteria are very tiny, single cell organisms, which can live anywhere – on and in bodies, in water, in the ground and on everything you can touch. You need a microscope to see them. Some bacteria can cause lots of illnesses when they get into the body. But not all bacteria are bad. Some bacteria live inside our bodies and help to digest food, make vitamins like vitamin K and help to fight against other harmful bacteria.

1234 Discuss

How often do you take antibiotics?

What bacterial infections have you had?

Vocabulary

strep throat (or strep) [strep θrəʊt] – streptokoková angína 2 resistant [rɪˈzɪstənt] – imunní, odolný 3 health care [helθ keə] – zdravotní péče 4 bladder [ˈblædə] – močový měchýř 5 wound [waʊnd] – zranění 1

cough [kɒf] – kašel runny nose [ˈrʌnɪ nəʊz] – rýma 8 prescribe [prɪˈskraɪb] – předepsat, naordinovat 9 overuse [ˈəʊvə ˈjuːz] – nadužívání 10 responsible [rɪˈspɒnsəbəl] – zodpovědný 6

In the Czech Republic, doctors prescribe antibiotics for 1–1.5 billion* CZK per year.

Over 10 million ineffective and unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions are written for children by doctors in the USA each year.

In the world, there are over 650 000 people with TB (tuberculosis) resistant to antibiotics.

7

Language notes

*a billion = miliarda *one bacterium (j. č.) – many bacteria (mn. č.)

Web task

Antibiotics in Numbers

Task 1. Antibiotics work against: a) bacteria b) viruses c) stress

Mini Quiz 2. Overuse of antibiotics causes: a) viruses resistant to antibiotics b) bacteria resistant to antibiotics c) doctors resistant to patients Solution on page 2

drive / November 2012

| 5

Economy/Technology

difficulty

Taking Film to the Next Dimension Do you go to the cinema? Do you watch DVDs or films on television? Yes? Then you (yes: YOU!) are a part of the film making industry. / Seb Noltorp (Aus)

Making films can be an expensive, but profitable1 business. Nowadays, the normal budget2 for a film, either ani­ mated or with Hollywood stars, can be from 250 to 300 million USD. But successful films generate huge incomes3 and massive profits4 for film companies.

The table below shows some estimated figures:* FILM

PREMIER

budget

worldwide income

Avatar

18/12/2009

$ 237,000,000

$ 2,783,918,982

Tangled

24/11/2010

$ 260,000,000

$ 586,581,936

Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides

20/05/2011

$ 250,000,000

$ 1,043,663,875

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey

14/12/2012

$ 270,000,000

As yet unknown

(Data taken from www.the-numbers.com/movies/records/allbudgets.php.)

The film Avatar, with a worldwide income of nearly 2.8 billion** USD, has made a profit of about 2.5 billion USD. Why? Probably because for most of us it was our first 3D (three-dimensional) film experience.

Enter the 3rd Dimension Since Avatar in 2009, more and more films are now made in 3D. But how does it work?

Basically, we see objects in 3D in the real world because we have two eyes. Each eye sees each object from a differ­ ent angle.5 Then our brain takes the images6 from both of the eyes and combines them into a single image. So, 3D technologies work by making each eye see a different im­ age. There are several different ways of doing this.

6 | Economy/Technology

1. Anaglyphic 3D projection with red/blue glasses Projection: Two differently spaced7 images are shown at the same time, one with a red tint8 and one with a blue tint.

Glasses: The glasses block out the blue images for one eye and the red images for the other eye. Then the brain can combine the two images into one image that looks 3 dimensional.

This is the easiest method, but is not the best quality.

Web task