Australian Air Power Today Nov 20

Summer 2020 Vol 2 No 4

Air Force | Air Power | National Defence | Space | Cyber

I N FO RM ATI O N W A RFA RE....

The New Battlespace

Volume 2 No 4 Summer 2020

index

2 Cover story Defence has imagined modern warfare and Australia is not prepared

CYBER

6 8 15

Accelerated Defensive Cyber Opportunity to Strengthen US-AUS Cyber Cooperation Training FEATURE

18 Aussie Game ChangerPassive Radar Technology reality for ADF and Allies 22 Racing ‘round Reno 26 Mission AccomplishedWelcome Home 33 Squadron 39 Adapt and Evolve-35SQN Loadmasters

40 Fighter pilots guide to motorcycle riding 46 New Thinking to Solve Old Challenges-Liquid Energy 54 Tindal’s big plans for RAAF Centenary SPACE

32 Combating muscle loss in space 37 Propelling Australia’s space race

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Sean Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Brandon Kirk Williams, Shaun Waterman, Kate Banville, Lot Fourteen, Fifth Domain, WGCDR Ulas Yildirim, Richard Fairbrother, Chris McLennan, Charles Page, Samara Kitchener

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Above: RAAF Intelligence Officer Flight Lieutenant Adam Edwards monitors screens inside the Control and Reporting Centre at the Nevada Test and Training Range facility during Exercise Red Flag.

CPL David Cotton Defence image.

Front: RAAF FLTLT Matthew Dunn from No. 2 Flying Training School, operates the control console for the flight simulator at RAAF Base Pearce. POIS James Whittle Defence images DISCLAIMER... All articles in this Journal are printed on the understanding that unless stated, they are the original work of the contributors or the authors and are not necessarily those of the Editorial Staff or of the Publisher. Editorial and advertising material will be accepted for publication on the condition that it does not defame any person.

Cyber Membership Growing Cyber Gap Program FIXED WING

58 History 66 Air Force Cadets 68 On The Radar 73 Books 74 Relocation 79 Transition 84 Back Page

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Defence has imagined modern warfare and Australia is not prepared The year is 2022 and ticketing for the football grand final goes down. Fans don't know it yet, but this is an act of cyber sabotage designed to distract Australia from a brewing regional war.

With the reason for the ticketing failure still unknown, confusion spreads as another wave of cyber attacks disrupts imports of Australia’s crucial supplies, reviving mass panic over medical shortages during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The supplies that keep our essential services running — such as medicines, fuel and components for power grids — slow to a trickle as a foreign enemy sabotages vulnerable importers.

This is a different kind of invisible enemy from the coronavirus. This time, the public doesn’t know why Australia has been thrown into chaos.

A foreign power is covering its tracks in a stealth cyberwar aimed at eroding faith in the Australian Government while the adversary achieves military objectives in the region.

This scenario — which might read like a TV plotline — was relied upon by

Former Chief of Defence, Admiral Chris Barrie, among voices urging Government to better prepare for possible threats.

Defence image

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a top-secret Department of Defence review, obtained by the ABC, which last year concluded the nation was unprepared despite facing the highest threat of war or economic crisis since the 1950s.

“These kinds of attacks are plausible because they could happen tomorrow,” says Professor Rory Medcalf, whose influential National Security College at the Australian National University devised the scenario for the Defence review.

“When we think about national s e c u r i t y, w e o f t e n t h i n k a b o u t submarines or warships or the military, but it’s quite plausible that the conflicts of the future will begin well before violence is inflicted and may even end before a shot is fired.”

The landmark report, released to the ABC under Freedom of Information (FOI) laws, is the department’s first internal reassessment of long-term war planning and preparedness since the Vietnam era.

Completed last June, the so-called mobilisation review was chilling in its prescience: it singled out a possible pandemic from Asia as a likely threat within 10 years and concluded: “Australia’s strategic environment is more uncertain than it has been for many decades.”

The review concluded: “The probability of a significant social or economic disruption, [or] a regional operation requiring Australia to lead a multinational coalition or become engaged in a major power conflict is higher now than at any time in the last 60 years.”

The report also reveals deep concerns from across the Defence Department that Australia’s planning for modern, unconventional warfare and crises is inadequate.

It finds Australia will require a sweeping new national strategy for this era of global uncertainty.

“It’s a very significant and historic document,” says former Australian Defence Force Chief Chris Barrie, who advised the review.

“It warns us about a whole range of vulnerabilities and canvasses a whole range of preparedness issues where Australia is extraordinarily deficient in its quest to become the best-globalised country on the planet.

“We need to go through it and we need to determine what are the strategic investments we need to make right now.”

The review was commissioned in 2017, following warnings from Admiral Barrie that Australia was unprepared for a new global conflict, a crisis caused by climate change or economic collapse.

“We are sleepwalking and there is an unacceptable risk of a third world war in the next two decades,” he says.

“We’ve witnessed the growth of China becoming a very significant power and on a trajectory that most of us don’t understand, while secondly, we’ve seen in the United States the collapse of leadership.

“We see the rise of nationalism in the United States and Europe, we see the growth of military expenditures, and we see a world community unable to deal with the problems it’s confronting in geo-strategic affairs.”

After the shocks of COVID-19 and the recent bushfire crisis, the report will add to growing pressure on Prime Minister Scott Morrison for a national security strategy to make Australia more resilient in a new unstable era.

Cyberwarfare: ‘We may not know until it’s well advanced’ The report finds Australia is unprepared for an increasingly likely cyberwar.

“In many ways, we may not even know when a cyber attack or indeed when a cyber campaign against

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Professor Rory Medcalf

Australian interests has begun,” Professor Medcalf says.

“We may not know until it’s well advanced. There may be all kinds of preparation, pre-positioning, collection of intelligence — there’s already been a wave of intelligence attacks or theft of data from Australia, from companies, from government, even from universities in recent years — so that first wave of cyber conflict may be very difficult to detect.”

A former diplomat and senior intelligence analyst, Professor Rory Medcalf trains Australia’s Defence and intelligence officials at the National Security College in Canberra.

In November 2018, the college was commissioned by the Defence College review to run a wargame with at least 17 senior officials who concluded Australia was “not well set up to deal with” cyberwar.

“We plotted out plausible futures just a few years from now to look at whether our systems could in any way stand up to the kinds of cyber attacks that an actor like China, Russia, North Korea or maybe even organised crime could throw at Australia,” he said.

“The report found that Australia is certainly underprepared, in some ways unprepared, for full-scale cyber attack.”

The National Security College’s report of the wargame, also obtained by the ABC under FOI laws, warned a foreign power in a cyberwar “will not just exploit weaknesses in computer systems; they will exploit vulnerabilities in society”.

In one of the scenarios considered

by the group, an enemy country launches simultaneous cyber attacks on Australia’s critical infrastructure, like the electricity grid and military networks, as well as against food supply chains.

In another, the adversary hacks into autonomous vehicles and drones, causing road crashes and igniting bushfires.

In a third scenario, the Prime Minister is hit by a corruption scandal over payments into his or her bank account, while mass distrust and confusion are sewn by so-called “deep fake” videos of leaders and “false flag” attacks designed to divert blame.

With Australia’s cyber systems no longer secure, the nation is isolated from its allies and ejected out of the Five Eyes intelligence community by the US, Canada, the UK and New Zealand.

“It’s pretty widely assumed that the powers with the capability and potentially the intent to clash with Australia’s interests in cybersecurity are China, Russia and North Korea,” Professor Medcalf says.

“It could involve interference in systems or sabotage of critical infrastructure: power, water, sanitation, transport.

“It’s not always clear that these could be attributed to a particular state unless the state chose to signal its responsibility or its intent, but cyber conflict instead could occur in a subtle way as part of an overall campaign to pressure Australia to change its policies on a certain issue, an economic issue, or indeed a foreign policy issue.”

“These developments allow groups and even individuals to be targeted for active manipulation.

“The likely unconventional approach that could be taken by potential adversaries … could negate much of the benefits of conventional military planning.”

Despite this changing world order, the Defence Mobilisation review found, “there has been limited consideration of formal planning for large-scale (including national) mobilisation since the Vietnam era”.

The Defence Department’s former director of preparedness and mobilisation, Cheryl Durrant, who commissioned the review, recently broke her silence to reveal to the ABC deep concerns about Australia’s readiness for a crisis.

Commenting on the release of the mobilisation review, she says she was stunned by overlapping risks to Australia from crises as diverse as cyberwar, climate-induced catastrophe and a pandemic.

“Cyberwar actually could be experienced by the Australian public

Technology has significantly changed warfare The mobilisation review finds “the nature of unconventional warfare has changed significantly and needs to be better understood within Defence.”

It says Australia’s “level of security comfort” from its geographic isolation has been “notably reduced” because cyber attacks “make national security borders very porous”.

“Adversary strategies have significantly improved with advances in information technology, big data and artificial intelligence,” it said.

Members of 462 Squadron take part in a defensive cyberspace exercise.

Defence image.

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Members of 462 Squadron conduct training during the Cyberspace Incident Analyst Course at DSTO Edinburgh, South Australia. Defence image.

much in similar ways as a massive disaster, because the attack was likely to go for vulnerable elements of the Australian infrastructure network,” she said.

“We’re seeing all the threats converging to give us the same risks.

“Modern conflict won’t involve military-grade machinery … it will consist of a country exerting economic influence on our supply chains and infrastructure.

“The question as a nation is, ‘Have we put our defences in the right place?’”

The Defence review also reveals deep concerns among senior Defence officials and Australian industry leaders that the nation is unprepared for disruptions to imports of essential supplies, like the medical shortages of the coronavirus crisis.

The ABC revealed recently ago that a report commissioned by the review found Australia’s critical infrastructure and essential services would cease to function within three months of a halt to global trade.

The report of the Defence mobilisation review reveals “concern about comprehension and awareness of supply chain vulnerabilities [was] apparent in almost every interview” with senior Defence officials consulted for the review.

“Given … our reliance on imported manufactured goods, the nation is exposed to major disruptions of global governance and supply that could significantly impact our society,” the report found.

Both Defence Minister Linda Reynolds and the Defence Department declined requests for an interview, but confirmed the mobilisation review would help inform a new Defence Mobilisation Plan.

“Defence is considering a range of matters including personnel, logistics, infrastructure and industry across multiple scenarios where Defence would have a role to play,” Senator Reynolds said in a statement.

“A contemporary mobilisation plan will ensure that the Australian Defence Force has maximum impact in combat or supporting Australians in their time of need.”

Push for a national security strategy Within the Federal Government and across Australia’s military and security communities, there is a growing push for the Prime Minister and the states to develop a new national security or resilience strategy.

The Defence review is unequivocal, finding a “whole-of-government approach will be required” to deal with

unconventional threats to all sectors of society.

“A response to a global crisis requires all departments of government — health, agriculture, transport, social services, economic responses — to work together,” Ms Durrant says.

“We have a Defence White Paper and we have a national pandemic strategy and we have various plans within each government department.

What we don’t have is a national security strategy.”

The report also calls for a detailed assessment of the nation’s vulnerabilities and suggests a national effort is required to ward off the damaging divisions that adversaries like Russia have capitalised on in the US. “One of the really big things about the review was the importance of social cohesion as a national resilience and national defence,” Ms Durrant says.

“I think it’s critical for Australia not to take that for granted. It’s really critical for a nation to have a coherent sense of who we are, what we value.”

Regardless of the outcome of the current COVID-19 crisis, the message is clear: Australia must remain poised for severe disruption.

Professor Medcalf hopes the pandemic will leave a lasting effect — of Australia’s governments, communities and private sector working together to make the nation more resilient.

“The experience of the National Cabinet process — of coordinating federal and state governments so effectively on the bushfire response and on coronavirus — can pave the way to Australia providing a much stronger response on cybersecurity threats that are quite likely to strike us in the years ahead,” he says.

“It would be important to really build and maintain political momentum on these issues.

“Even though we are at the moment confronting another crisis — the pandemic — in real time, we can’t hide from the prospect that other security risks will potentially strike Australia.

“The world’s not taking a holiday from security frictions between nations.”

Sean Rubinsztein-Dunlop © ABC 2020 Reproduced by permission of ABC SF 20/151

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Accelerated Defensive Cyber Training

Defence image.

In a first for the Australian Defence Force, the final year of Accelerated Defensive Cyber Training (ADCT) was delivered to personnel across Australia, using Australian company FifthDomain’s training and simulation platform to support remote learning.

The collaboration is an excellent example of how smaller Australian companies can quickly respond to the needs of Defence to deliver innovative solutions to identify and train cyber operators.

Travel restrictions imposed due to the pandemic meant that the 2020 program could not be delivered as planned. “With Covid-19, traditional training delivery options were not available to the Defence Force, so we had to innovate quickly,” said Head Information Warfare, Major General Marcus Thompson. To overcome this challenge, Information Warfare Division collaborated with cyber training platform provider FifthDomain to rapidly reconfigure the collective cyber training, utilising entirely sovereign capabilities.

“FifthDomain worked closely with Defence to develop a training solution that was remote, high quality and delivered the experience that was 6

required for Defence trainees – which was essentially a red versus blue cyber activity to test cyber skills,” said FifthDomain Founder and CEO, Matt Wilcox.

When the ADCT series began in 2018, one of the lesser known objectives was to develop home grown capability to deliver the complex and sophisticated cyber training required by Defence.

The 2020 program demonstrated the successful achievement of this objective.

During a six week intensive program, a mix of individual and collective cyber training was delivered through FifthDomain’s technical platform.

Trainees from all three services completed instructor-led role based training utilising individual learning labs. This was followed by a series of collective training exercises on custom cyber ranges.

The use of cyber ranges meant trainees could exercise within environments like Defence and wholeof-government networks. Trainees had to overcome the challenge of deploying and configuring blue tools on different networks and experience what it is like to operate in a contested environment.

The scenarios were designed to be applicable to current threats, including the kinds of recently reported malicious cyber activity against Australian industry and critical infrastructure.

The six-week program culminated in the simulation of a real-time, high-tempo cyber attack. “The highlight was when the Blue team was in hand-to-hand cyber combat with OPFOR (red team),” said a participating Flight Lieutenant.

“This was a demanding time on all fronts of the exercise – detecting and countering red actions while ensuring communication flows and maintaining business continuity within the context of the scenario. Blue was at their best when they were detecting and countering red actions,” said the Flight Lieutenant.

Wilcox points out that developing cyber ‘muscle memory’ is one of the advantages of simulated cyber training.

“For Defence, as a customer, one of the key objectives was to develop standing operating procedures to the point where their personnel can effectively operate in the real world,” said Wilcox.

During the hands-on simulations FifthDomain specialises in, the exercise control (EXCON)-team can review

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whether trainees are following standing operating procedures to respond effectively and appropriately to different threats. “The key element to these types of exercises is readiness – and readiness, ultimately, to do these kinds of missions in the national interest,” said Wilcox.

FifthDomain reached out to fellow Australian cyber businesses Cydarm, Elttam, Penten and Retrospect Labs, each with expertise in niche cyber technologies, to participate in the sophisticated attack simulation.

C y d a r m ’s c a s e m a n a g e m e n t platform and dashboard were deployed as a command and control system to coordinate team activities and provide oversight for the mentors. This enabled trainees in the cybersecurity operations teams to collaborate on responding to incidents while the mentors continually assessed their progress.

Elttam played the role of cyber threat actors working against the ADF blue team trainees. “We were proud to tailor realistic adversarial scenarios for Defence based on our industry experience,” said Director and Cofounder of Elttam, Matt Jones.

Penten enjoyed the challenge of integrating their unique AI-generated content and user behaviour on FifthDomain’s cyber training platform.

Founder and Director of Penten, Ben Whitham said: “Although this is only the first step working together, the combined solution of additional realism and automation enhanced the training outcomes and reduced the time taken to create the environments.”

Retrospect Labs CEO, Jason Pang said: “What we delivered showcases our ability to work closely together in a way that rivals, and in many ways outshines, the offerings of more established, traditional cyber firms.”

On the final day of the program, Major General Marcus Thompson, visited FifthDomain’s office to connect

Defence image. virtually with the 48 program trainees and congratulate the Australian consortium partners for their achievement. “Building home-grown cyber capabilities is a team effort. In Defence, we’re developing our capabilities in an increasingly connected world – which extends to the battlefield.

The collaboration of local SMEs to support the training progression of ADF cyber operators gives me great confidence. I commend our partners for contributing to the acceleration of ADF cyber training,” said Major General Thompson.

The value of joint cyber training is that it encourages a single approach to cyber warfare across services and allows collaboration at the tactical level, including sharing of techniques, tactics and procedures (TTPs), along with exposure to and incorporation of new tool suites. Joint training further ensures mixed service CPTs are performing at the same baseline, using a common tool suite, and sharing the same TTPs. The aim of the ADCT Program echoes the current need for remotely accessible training programs while also addressing the requirement to rapidly increase cyber skills across Defence and industry.

The 2020 ADCT role-based and

collective training was designed to develop and test trainees on their knowledge and skills to complete tasks (KSTs). One of the added benefits of FifthDomain’s cyber training platform is that tasks and challenges delivered across the platform – from learning labs to cyber ranges and competitions – are mapped to Defence and Industry skills frameworks, such as the NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework.

Skill profiles can be established at the individual and team level, providing highly granular performance analytics. The 2020 cohort delivered via FifthDomain’s platform identified several high performing individuals that didn’t fit traditional measures of competencies (i.e. years of experience or level of education). These trainees currently fill positions such as Clerk and Tank Commander, demonstrating potential to transition to a cyber-related work role.

These workforce performance analytics provide useful insight into how future ADF cyber training can gauge skills and skill gaps across all three services.

For Information Warfare Division, the objective is simple: ADF cyber operators receive quality training, therefore they are better prepared to effectively fight and win in the information environment.

Wilcox points out that developing cyber ‘muscle memory’ is one of the advantages of simulated cyber training.

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AN OPPORTUNITY FOR STRENGTHENING On June 19, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that a “sophisticated state-based actor”— likely China—was responsible for a wave of ongoing cyberattacks against the country. Shortly afterward, Minister for Defence Linda Reynolds outlined the Cyber Enhanced Situational Awareness and Response (CESAR), Canberra’s largest ever investment in cybersecurity of A$1.35 billion to overhaul cyber capabilities. Australian policy is responding with urgency to Chinese aggression—and together with the evolving security landscape in the IndoPacific, this could be the beginning of a new era for Australian cybersecurity. If that’s the case, Australia’s cybersecurity direction could open the door for cooperation between Australia and the U.S. that looks to the future where national security and technology meet.

Mr Morrison did not identify the specific state actor or advanced persistent threat (APT) in his June announcement that Australia was 8

weathering the ongoing cyber campaign.

The APT employed spearfishing and capitalized on unpatched vulnerabilities in Telerik UI, Microsoft Internet Information Services, SharePoint and Citrix to burrow into networks and use websites as command and control servers. The Australian Cyber Security Centre dubbed the APT’s tactics, techniques, and procedures “copypaste compromises” for its reliance on open source tools. The APT concealed its presence on networks by utilizing stolen credentials that provided a veneer of legitimate remote access while conducting malicious activities.

The June 19 announcement described only one of the many cyberattacks that have battered Australia in 2020. Cybercrime related to the coronavirus pandemic spiked after March, prompting the Australian Cyber Security Centre to issue a high alert in March and April to warn of malicious websites masquerading as trustworthy authorities on coronavirus information.

More explosively, news reports in May pointed to a glaring example of an attempted Chinese cyberattack earlier in the year. In January 2020, according to press reports, a Chinese military-linked APT targeted Australian government computers with a backdoor named Ariabody. The backdoor commandeered computers and captured an array of data, ranging from files, keystrokes, and screenshots to files from flash drives.

Aria-body demonstrated China’s continuing reliance on cyber weapons to conduct espionage against Australia and its Southeast Asian neighbors.

Although no Australian officials assigned responsibility publicly, an analysis by cybersecurity firm Check Point attributed blame to an APT associated with the People’s Liberation Army operating under the name Naikon.

The severity of the June attacks seems to have convinced Mr Morrison to speak on the issue of cyberattacks, even if he was unwilling to attribute responsibility to China. Previously, the

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US -AUSTRALIAN CYBER COOPERATION only public statements originated from official warnings of cyberattacks or leaks to the media. Canberra avoided publicly blaming any responsible actors. Mr Morrison, well aware of dependence on trade with China, was reluctant to name and shame any Chinese APTs. More recently, Chinese economic coercion and threats following Canberra’s insistence on a study of the origins of the novel coronavirus may have tempered Morrison’s ability to blame China. Press reporting, by contrast, unambiguously tied China to the cyberassault.

The June cyberattack wasn’t the only factor that pushed Morrison to become more aggressive. China’s years of strategic and commercial assertiveness in the South China Sea, and its deepening investments in the Pacific Islands, also played a role in convincing the Australian government to act decisively on cyber and defense spending. During the pandemic, China has worked to further entrench its

control over the South China Sea—a matter of great concern to Australia. The Morrison government’s conversion to this policy may also be born of abiding questions on the reliability of the United States’s regional commitment. An America First national security policy, along with U.S. hesitance to legally dispute China’s South China Sea actions until July 2020, left many IndoPacific nations doubting the durability of American ties to Asia. Canberra’s turn reveals a willingness to assert a more pronounced role in its own security, especially in safeguarding Australia’s cyber sovereignty.

With this newfound strategic imperative, CESAR aims to protect Australia’s cyber homeland. Minister for Defence Reynolds’s outline of CESAR illustrates Canberra’s goal of cultivating a new strategic culture for Australian cybersecurity. CESAR’s A$1.35 billion allocated over the next 10 years lifts Australian cyber spending markedly from 2016’s four-year A$230

million appropriation. The new funding promises to transform the Australian Cyber Security Centre and Australian Signals Directorate’s workforce, allowing the hiring of more than 500 new cyber specialists. The infusion of money will augment situational awareness of cybercriminals and state-based actors, strengthen threat intelligence sharing between private and public entities, invest in data science and emerging cyber technologies, and build capacity for defensive and offensive cyber operations.

But more than a middling improvement in capacity, the announcement telegraphs a reimagining of Australian cyberpower. Unlike ever before, Canberra is centralizing control over national cybersecurity to protect the economy, boost cyber resilience, deter malicious cyber actors and improve citizens’ cyber hygiene. The malicious activities of 2020 came to light as Australian policymakers formalized the country’s recently released 2020 Cyber Security 9

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Strategy. The 2020 report updates the 2016 Cyber Security Strategy, and the 2020 document identifies the country’s priority areas to meet the challenges of a dynamic cyberthreat ecosystem.

For Australian citizens, the 2020 report and CESAR respond to a debate on Australia’s potential as a cyberpower and growing public concern. A 2019 Lowy Poll found that 62 percent of Australians identified cyberattacks as a “critical threat to Australia’s vital interests.”

Now that Morrison’s Government is poised to act, Washington should meet the ally’s commitment. The U.S. is positioned to support Australia by drawing on a preexisting bilateral cybersecurity foundation as Australia commits to a new cybersecurity posture.

To anticipate bilateral cooperation on cyber, the U.S. and Australia should focus on three initiatives: resumption of high-level exchanges between policymakers on cybersecurity, restoring a cyber Track 1.5 Dialogue by 2021’s Australian-United States Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) meeting, and increasing cooperation between the Australian Cyber Security Centre and the United States’s Cyber Command and intelligence community.

Conversations between President Barack Obama and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull in 2016 homed in on cybersecurity, laying the ground for a subsequent Track 1.5 Dialogue. The Track 1.5 meetings were convened in 2016 and 2018, with participants including Turnbull, former Director of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen, and principals from both states’ broader cyber and policy community.

Canberra and Washington should prioritize a resumption of the meetings.

Rebooting the Track 1.5 Cyber Dialogue and building off of past planning and joint exercises with Cyber Command can establish a baseline of security cooperation that will be adaptable to the cybersecurity threats confronting Australia. Chinese interference in Australian politics has expanded in recent years, and Beijing’s efforts to shape Indo-Pacific politics places Australia in a uniquely vulnerable position among America’s closest allies.

The cyberattacks from 2020 reveal a pattern of behavior to use cybertools to spy on and pressure Canberra.

American investments, however small, can advance efforts to repel meddling and boost Australia’s domestic publicprivate partnership.

The American intelligence community’s venture capital investments in Australia’s cyber and emerging technology sector should also be nurtured. The U.S. intelligence community’s venture capital arm, In-Q-Tel, first announced the opening of a Sydney office in 2018.

In-Q-Tel’s seed funding for Australian companies since fall 2019 demonstrated a breadth of investment priorities, though few companies have received funding so far. In-Q-Tel’s first Series A recipients in November 2019 included Kasada’s anti-bot software along with robotics and GPS company Advanced Navigation. In 2020, In-Q-Tel invested in quantum computing start-ups QuintessenceLabs and Q-CTRL as well as Myriota, which maintains low Earth orbit satellites to provide secure “internet of things” connectivity.

Australia’s Five Eyes partnership leaves the country well suited for data sharing with the U.S. on cyber weapons and artificial intelligence (AI) interoperability. Although the use of AI in warfare is anticipated in the not so distant future, Australian and American Defence officials could also seize the opportunity to plot a course for interoperability in AI in addition to offensive and defensive cyber operations. Interoperability requires both countries to harmonize the training, operational, and planning use of cyber weapons and AI. To see the battlefield of the future or deter rivals, military-to-

military planning on AI and defensive and offensive cyber operations should be prioritized.

Sharing data and cybertools may collide with a reasonable apprehension about secrecy. Australia’s membership in the Five Eyes and decades of security cooperation should ease obstacles to joint exercises and technology transfer to prepare for the multidomain battlespace of the future.

The Department of Defense’s Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) is spearheading AI development, adoption, and partnering with allies.

JAIC could be an ideal starting point for forging a future-oriented artificial intelligence partnership for the United States and Australia.

Other small, tangible commitments from the United States, such as a Fulbright Cyber Security Award, could facilitate Canberra’s strategic cyber initiative. A dedicated cybersecurity Fulbright for Australia—now available only for the United Kingdom—would open channels for American academic cyber thought leaders to collaborate with Australian counterparts in government, the private sector and academy.

Strategic exigencies and an uncertain American commitment forced Canberra to act on cyber in addition to its overall defense spending. To meet the present and certain future challenges, Washington should greet Morrison’s commitment to deterring Chinese cyber aggression with equal urgency. Joint planning and capacity building could pave the way to formulate an interoperable architecture for cyber defense and offense, artificial intelligence and data sharing. Canberra is signaling its commitment, and Washington should respond to an ally’s call for cooperation against China.

By Brandon Kirk Williams www.lawfareblog.com Document release number LLNL-JRNL-814458

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downtime all are imposing significant costs in the modern business environment.

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Tracking of customers, like the sophistication of the handsets and the software on them, began as mild, but has exploded into different platforms, hundreds of thousands of different Apps, and highly accurate GPS tracking, altimeters, and cross matching of data.

Most major security software companies agree on one thing – the smartphone is now one of the greatest risks to personal and corporate security today, and the risk is only becoming larger. Hacking tools are available easily on the dark web, along with comprehensive education and training to use them. Ransomware, malware, false information or just plain

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Recent case law in Australia has also meant that information covered by legal privilege is no longer privileged if stolen and publicly released. Businesses can and will be prosecuted for private information never intended for public release.

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Calling on cyber students for the 2021 ADF Cyber Gap Program If you’re passionate about cyber security and interested in how you can help defend and protect our nation in cyberspace, the 2021 Australian Defence Force Cyber Gap Program could be for you.

Australian citizens who are already studying or enrolling in a cyber-related qualification can now apply online to be part of the program, which is open to 250 students next year.

Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon Linda Reynolds said the ADF is looking for a diverse group of applicants who are interested in a career with Defence.

“This is an excellent opportunity to find out about the important role cyber

operators play in the Defence of the nation,” Minister Reynolds said.

Advanced Diploma or Graduate Certificate levels.

“The program will expose participants to a range of areas including incident response, threat emulation, discovery and counter-infiltration, and network vulnerability assessments.

A list of the cyber qualifications eligible for the ADF Cyber Gap Program is available on the Digital Transformation Agency website.

“Successful applicants will receive generous financial support, work experience in cyber-related roles, cyber mentoring and assistance preparing for related jobs.”

“While there is no obligation to join the ADF, I’m confident that the important mission our servicemen and women undertake in cyberspace will be an inspiring career choice,” Minister Reynolds said.

To be eligible to apply, students must be studying for the duration of the 12-month program, but can be working towards any eligible qualification at the Certificate III, Certificate IV, Diploma,

If you have any questions about the Australian Defence Force Cyber Gap Program you can email cybergap@ dta.gov.au or call 02 6120 8701, or visit www.defencejobs.gov.au.

ADF bolsters cyber defences with new specialist role The ADF has bolstered its national security efforts with the introduction of specialist roles amid malicious cyber attacks against Australia increasing in frequency, scale and sophistication.

It comes as the ADF receives its largest ever investment in cyber security through a A$1.7 billion 2020 Cyber Security Strategy, as part of the Federal Government’s latest budget.

While in Townsville, Australia’s Chief of Army, Lieutenant General Rick Burr said Army was bolstering its efforts to meet a rapidly changing global environment.

“In January this year, Army created a new trade called Cyber Specialist,” Lieutenant General Burr said.

“While Army has provided cyber capabilities over the last few years, the new trade allows the Army to further develop this highly technical capability to meet the demands of modern operations.”

The Morrison Government’s 2020 budget allocation to Defence included A$270 billion over the next 10 years to upgrade the capability and “potency” of the ADF.

This included investment in more lethal and long-range capabilities to hold adversary forces and infrastructure at risk, further from Australia, including longer-range strike weapons, offensive cyber capabilities and area denial capabilities.

It comes as the ADF tries to fast track recruiting into the technical trade with the introduction of the first Cyber Gap Program, offering financial support, mentoring and Defence work experience opportunities for cyber students across Australia.

Worth more than $41 million over the next four years, the program will support up to 800 students as a gateway into the ADF. The Program is open to Australian citizens who are already enrolled in or about to commence cyber-related studies that run for a minimum of 12 months, with enrolments for the 2021 intake now open.

Kate Banville, Townsville Bulletin

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C y b e r Se cu r i ty

Cyber centre membership growing South Australia’s leadership in cyber security continues to grow, with the Australian Cyber Collaboration Centre (A3C) at Lot Fourteen attracting 17 members since formally opening in July.

The A3C is committed to making cyberspace a better and safer place to do business now and into the future.

Members can utilise best practice, full spectrum cyber courses to quickly increase the supply of skilled cyber workers while the Cyber Range is a secure network to safely test hardware and software, and to demonstrate products and services.

Members also have access to cyber risk advisory services and collaboration opportunities.

Cybersecurity is one of the hi-tech focus sectors at Lot Fourteen innovation precinct and the A3C is a cornerstone of the State Government’s vision to make SA the national leader in cyber security. The Government has invested A$10 million in the not-for-profit centre, which is the first of its kind in Australia and is bringing together the education, industry and business sectors.

Recently joined A3C members represent a mix of the education, IT, cyber, legal and defence industries and include national organisations AustCyber, Lockheed Martin Australia and BAE Systems Australia. Among the new interstate members are Retrospect Labs of WA, Willyama in ACT, and Splunk in NSW, while new SA members are Flinders University, CyberOps, Wallmans Lawyers, 11point2, Aizoon, 4th Harmonic Pty Ltd and the School of Information Operations, which is a collaboration between defence industry

companies DEWC and Leonardo.

They have joined existing members the University of South Australia, the University of Adelaide, Dtex, and the Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre.

Lockheed Martin Australia and New

Zealand Chief Executive Joe North said the company was looking forward to partnering with A3C to focus on strengthening cyber resilience in Australia, especially in the national security and defence sectors.

“Organisations across all industries in Australia and the globe are being targeted by cyber threats, and it is important that Australian infrastructure, supply chains and our next-generation workforce are ready to face the growing and persistent cyber threat,” Mr North said.

“The A3C is an excellent organisation to drive innovation and create standards that ensure that Australia is prepared, and Lockheed Martin Australia will work with like-minded members of the organisation to meet these challenges.”

Collaboration across the industry ensures training is developed to produce students of a high quality to get them work ready and create jobs.

Vice President and Executive Dean of Flinders University’s College of Science and Engineering, Professor Alistair Rendell, is looking forward to new opportunities for student learning and seeing more jobs created as the industry continues to collaborate.

“Flinders University is excited by the opportunity the A3C presents to expose our students to real life cyber security challenges particularly through work integrated learning placements with the associated businesses,” Professor Rendell said.

Minister for Innovation and Skills David Pisoni said the A3C was a boon for the cyber capability of South Australia and the nation.

“With cybersecurity one of the greatest challenges facing the global economy, it is vital we partner with industry, to ensure businesses have cyber awareness, resilience and the capability to withstand attacks and participate in the global economy.” he said.

The Centre continues to seek new partnerships and collaboration to solve global cyber challenges and create opportunities.

LotFourteen

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US Air Force must change the way it thinks to win new age of Information Wars To win wars in the information age, the US Air Force needs to change the way it thinks, trains, and ultimately fights, including shedding a “geographical mindset,” service leaders said recently.

Lieutenant General Timothy D. Haugh, who leads Air Force cyber forces as Commander of the 16th Air Force, told the Billington Cybersecurity Summit that in cyberwarfare, data trumps geography. One of the biggest barriers the newly established 16th Air Force faced was “a geographical mindset, … the geographical boundaries we set for ourselves.”

“Since 9/11, our systems have been biased towards finding an individual threat or actor in a specific location,” he said. That bias extends to the way the service exercises and trains.

“Everyone knows Red Flag,” he said, referring to the major air combat exercise held several times a year at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, as well as bases in Alaska. “We all go there,” he continued, “and the culmination is when the red and blue forces meet in the skies.” The drill and the combat it simulates take place in a specific location.

Cyber threats are different, because one of the characteristics of online warfare is that an attacker can easily reach halfway across the world—it’s largely irrelevant where the threat is located. Likewise, Haugh said, the response to that threat has to be thought of, “not in terms of geographical [location], but in terms of the data we need to bring to bear.”

Data was at the heart of everything the service’s cyber forces did, Haugh added, “It’s all about the data.”

As an example, he noted the 16th Air Force’s dual role with regard to the U.S. military’s new joint all-domain command and control, or JADC2, concept of combat. “We’re

both a customer of JADC2—in terms of its cuing some of our non-kinetic activities—and at the same time, we’re also a producer for it, injecting data” on the basis of which combat decisions are made.

Speaking later during the two-day event, USAF Lieutenant General Bradford J. “BJ” Shwedo, the Chief Intelligence Officer for the Joint Staff, said there are other ways the service needs to change its mindset to get the maximum value from the convergence of cyber capabilities, electromagnetic warfare, and information operations. That convergence—the three elements together are referred to as information warfare—was the impetus for the formation of the 16th Air Force, also known as Air Forces Cyber or the Service’s Information Warfare Numbered Air Force.

“It’s a synergistic cocktail,” when the three elements are brought together, Schwedo said. As an example, he mentioned the OODA (observe, orient, decide, act) loop.

“Most people, when they look at it, they think about their own loop, and the need to get it smaller and smaller, because the faster loop wins. But they forget there are two loops …

The enemy has a loop too, and you can also win by making his loop longer and more lethargic.”

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LT Gen Timothy Haugh, Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber) commander, talks with Airmen from the 55th Strategic Communication Squadron Airmen inside their Tactical Radio Bay during a visit to Offutt Air Force Base,Nebraska on Oct. 30, 2019.

Air Force photo by Kendra Williams.

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“That’s the information advantage you’re looking for” by combining cyber, electromagnetic warfare, and information operations, Schwedo said.

That convergence has impacted U.S. allies, too, added Major General Marcus Thompson, who heads up information warfare for the Australian Defence Force.

“It’s forced us to change the way we fight,” Major General Marcus Thompsom said during the same panel discussion, adding that it also raises “some questions.”

For instance, countering information warfare such as the Russian interference in the United States’ 2016 election, was “a whole-of-government, a whole-of-nation challenge,” he said.

“It’s about DIME,” said Thompson, using the acronym for “diplomatic, informational, military, economic,” which represents the four facets of national power. Australia has a Minister for Foreign Affairs, a defence secretary, and a finance minister. But in common with other western democracies, it doesn’t have a minister for information. That absence of leadership for any non-military contributions to information warfare efforts “creates challenges in collaboration all across the [Australian] government and with our international partners,” he noted.

Shaun Waterman Reprint courtesy of (US) Air Force Magazine

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AUSSIE GAME CHANGER Making passive radar a capability reality for the ADF and its Allies

Silentium Defence MAVERICK S-series passive radar system for surveillance of space. Photos supplied..

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Australian company, Silentium Defence, is kicking big goals and is at the forefront of success, harnessing passive radar technology to assist the Australian Defence Force and its allies. Translation of deep science and technology propositions to real-world capability is a game changer and no mean feat. This requires time, commitment, commercial knowledge and passion. The ability to attract talent and resources, sponsors, partners and customers willing to do things differently is a bonus. Having an amazing team of deep-tech specialists also helps.

Silentium Defence is Head Quartered in Wingfield, South Australia with a second development and testing facility located at Parafield, on the fringe of the second busiest airport in the southern hemisphere. Since establishment in 2016, its mission and single-minded focus has been to ensure passive radar technology is readily accessible to the ADF. Building the team, facilities and networks required have played a crucial part in its success to date.

Chief Executive Officer for Silentium Defence, Dr James Palmer, says “a large part of our success can be attributed to the relationships we have built, not just the internal relationships that are built on our company culture – a critical part of achieving success on these fronts, but also our customer relationships.

We are passionate about producing world-leading capability and products for our customers, and also creating a workplace where people look forward to coming to work and are challenged and stretched.”

The Silentium Defence team consists of more than 20 full and parttime employees as well as contractors.

The Wingfield site provides capacity for product design, engineering and testing as well as accommodating growing operations and project management teams. Three product lines at varying stages of maturation will deliver critical sovereign capability and advantage to the ADF across air, sea, land and space domains.

The company’s agile approach, working as a strong team and learning from each development is delivering best value to its customers in the field of space domain awareness. Testing in the field ensures the company better understands the customers’ needs and its products meet unique operational requirements. This also ensures any issues or roadblocks for the team are identified and addressed early, and clear parameters are developed around what success looks like.

Company values are clearly defined and geared toward supporting team, customers and the broader Defence industry while always striving to ‘do what others can’t, or don’t know can

Fe a tu r e

Silentium Defence signs memo of understanding with Saab

be done’ – it is this mantra that led to development of a commercial product for Space Domain Awareness.

Silentium Defence is the sole Australian provider of passive radar products and services with more than a decade (within Defence Science and Technology) worth of experience working alongside Defence in their distinct environments. The company has secured several significant Defence contracts spanning development of products and capability for tactical land surveillance through to space domain awareness.

The most recently announced contract was for A$3.2million from the Department of Defence to further advance, deploy and demonstrate the MAVERICK S-series passive radar system for Space Domain Awareness.

The MAVERICK S-series are the first commercial-scale passive radar systems for surveillance of space. They will provide persistent detection and tracking of objects in low-earth-orbit to support space traffic management functions such as data capture and catalogue updates.

The company, in partnership, also recently secured an Australian Space Agency ‘International Space Investment – Expand capability’ grant (A$1.5million). This will see the team develop a space traffic management sensor focussed space observatory in remote South Australia, also supporting data capture and cataloguing for new and existing resident space objects.

Dr Palmer says as the business has scaled, they have maintained a laser focus on attaining corporate governance, security and information

systems required to do business with Defence.

“We recognise, when dealing with Defence, it’s not just about the product, it’s also about the governance and processes that sit around that product and your business that are critical to long term successful partnerships.

We have invested and continue to invest in those systems, processes, facilities and practices to achieve a corporate maturity well beyond our years.”

The company’s strength and unique capability in Space Domain Awareness continues to present opportunities as Australia defines its role and position in this fast-evolving, US$1.44 billion global market.

Likewise, Counter Unmanned Aircraft System (C-UAS) efforts supported by passive radar technology present a significant market opportunity in Defence and civilian (Critical Infrastructure Protection) markets.

UAS are increasing in prevalence at a significant rate as they are available to anyone, affordable and very easy to use. Many different off-the-shelf components make it easy for people to DIY, creating bespoke and accessible systems.

Surveillance of UAS is an evolving challenge, particularly when the surveillance solution relies on detecting UAS emissions directly. Having a radar that detects the presence and motion of the UAS sidesteps this issue.

Having a radar that does this and can be safely deployed in an urban environment without a spectrum license and without interfering with others is a game-changer. That is what Silentium

Silentium Defence MAVERICK M-series passive radar system

Defence’s solution brings to a counterUAS capability.

The company has developed and is realising a ten-year technology roadmap to deliver the capability and achieve their mission of having a Silentium Defence passive radar help protect every base, ship, plane, vehicle and soldier in the ADF. Dr Palmer ’s advice for young companies in this sector – “its not easy, but focus on what you are good at and what the customer needs. It also helps to remember the bigger picture – you are supporting servicemen and women that put Australia first.

We see our role as supporting the ADF and their ability to make best possible decisions by providing sensors that give up to date and accurate information about movement in their environment – whether on land, at sea in the air or in space.

To see this capability designed, built, and delivered locally from Adelaide makes us exceptionally proud as an Australian Defence industry company.”

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MOUNTAIN VIEWS AND COMMUNITY HALLMARKS OF TOWNSVILLE’S ELLIOT SPRINGS Townsville’s stunning new residential destination, Elliot Springs, is experiencing exciting growth with community milestones reached in 2020 including the launch of its Whites Creek address plus the opening of the central café and garden nursery. And there’s plenty more to come.

Located just 15 minutes from Lavarack Barracks, Elliot Springs is Townsville’s largest master planned community and ideal for first home buyers, families and investors alike.

Murray Sports Complex and Fairfield Central are just a short drive away.

Elliot Springs is the perfect place to come home to after a busy day on the base and the perfect place for you and your family to live, with plenty of opportunities to grow and make lifelong friends.

As the master plan comes to life, the community will offer residents the opportunity for an active, outdoor lifestyle where you can walk children to school, cycle to the shops, or spend time with friends and family in the park or at Bindal Ridge.

With more green spaces, 360-degree mountain views, big backyards and a diverse choice of homes at affordable prices, Elliot Springs is set to become one of region’s most popular neighbourhoods.

Whether you’re dreaming of easy, open plan living, a large family home or a low maintenance block near parkland, this community has a site to suit.

Buyers can choose to custom build or select one of the many house and land packages available. Housing guidelines offer ideas to make the most of building for the Townsville climate and lifestyle.

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More than one third of Elliot Springs will be open space with an expansive network of playgrounds, landscaped parks, sporting fields, bushland corridors and native habitat sanctuaries linked together by walking and cycling paths.

Located on the city side of Billabong Sanctuary just moments from Alligator Creek, Elliot Springs sits cradled between the Muntalunga Range to the east, Mount Jack to the west and The Sisters Mountains to the south, with panoramic views to Mount Stuart and Mount Elliot beyond.

Award-winning Wadda Mooli Park is the community’s first district park and a major drawcard for families.

The all-abilities playground that’s been designed as a destination for Townsville, offers a wide range of activities, equipment and obstacles to ensure children never get bored of climbing, riding or swinging.

Within the park you can also take an exercise class, kids can join the soccer

club, enjoy mountain bike and walking trails or you can sit at The Hub café perfectly positioned within the park to provide a place to relax with family and friends.

With up to six schools planned, including two high schools, plus childcare centres and community business facilities, learning will be open to all ages.

Construction is expected to commence on the first service station at Elliot Springs with food outlet and small retail offering, plus the at the entry to Elliot Springs you’ll find a Visitors Information Centre for Townsville Enterprise Tourism.

Visit the display village at Elliot Springs for plenty of home inspiration and to talk to the builders about designing and building your new home.

Explore thirteen homes from twelve of Townsville’s best builders in one great location; the inspiration for design, layout and styling is endless.

Current record low interest rates, plus government incentives, mean it’s never been a better time to buy and build a new home at Elliot Springs.

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RACING ‘ROUND RENO Professional Warbird and Air Race Pilot Craig ‘Wilco’ Wilcockson competes with the world’s best Flying at speeds between 450-500 miles per hour and at altitudes of 50-250 feet, is “simply awesome” says Craig ‘Wilco’ Wilcockson, Professional Warbird and Air Race Pilot, who started competing at the National Championship Air Races and Air Show in Reno, Nevada USA, in 2019.

Billed as “the world’s fastest motor sport”, the Reno Air Races, running annually since 1964, is considered the birthplace of Air Racing, and the elite event for Air Race pilots on the world stage. The event is held annually in September, runs for 1 week and includes six classes of race aircraft from propeller to jets, with pilots from all over the world – USA, Canada, Australia, UK, Brazil and New Zealand to name a few.

In 2018, Wilco, along with his wife, Janette, attended a wedding at Reno.

Whilst there Wilco volunteered to be the Crew Chief for a jet racer (and USAF F-16 Viper pilot) at Reno. This was the inspiration for Wilco to pursue this sport at the professional level.

“I have always known of the Reno Air Races, wanted to go as a spectator, but also thought it would be amazing to compete,” Wilco said.

To be a race pilot, you need to have a rating in an aircraft that fits into one of the six classes and an aircraft. To be allowed to race, you are required to first attend and pass the Pylon Racing Seminar (PRS) – rookie racing school which is held in June – proving you can fly safe, predictable and in

Wilco in the L-29 Delfin loosely formatting on the owner flying the L-39 Albatros during a Silver HEAT race. Photo supplied.

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close proximity and formation to other aircraft.”

Flying two to three flights a day and continually being assessed by ex-US Air Force fighter pilots makes the PRS course mentally and physically demanding, but achievable.

Assessments include close to loose formation flying, pylon flying around a circuit, passing and being passed by other aircraft, radio procedures, calls and emergencies at altitudes between 50-250 feet.

“The instructors were all great people with a world of experience. As a student, I was a sponge, listening intently and absorbing everything. At first it was daunting, but once I knew what was expected, it became easier.”

Wilco after his 1st flight at Reno during PRS. Photo supplied.

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There is a lot to consider when racing on the circuit. Flying safe, predictable and maintaining outstanding situational awareness of yourself and other racers positions at all times is crucial. Your aircraft characteristics, limitations, health, radio transmissions, circuit position and that of others is also vitally important.

On top of this, your aircraft’s attitude, flight path vector and control inputs play a key part in governing the aircraft speed. At the same time, you are also flying around pylons without ‘cutting’ or turning inside one or a racer will incur a 12 second penalty – there is 9 of them in an ovoid shape.

Once I had passed PRS I was awarded my race Id and Wings. I then started the Wilco Racing and Display Jet Team.

In September 2019 I competed in the National Championship Air Races and Airshow. This was my first time competing in this prestigious event and I competed in both the Bronze and Silver jet races. During the week event I flew 8 races in total between the Silver and Bronze jet races and I placed 5th in the Silver and 2nd in the Bronze events overall.

“The most difficult part of the race is the fatigue. As a race pilot you are busy

with initial briefings, flying, debriefings and then preparing for your next event.

Often you have to contend with the ever changing flight conditions whether they be high crosswinds or vortices and jet wash by other aircraft.”

Race pilots frequently experience G-Forces on their body ranging from negative 3g up to positive 6g. Flying between 50-250 feet off the ground is also required to be strictly adhered to, otherwise you can be disqualified. Flying with aggressive tactics – not aggressive flying – reduces the likelihood of accidents happening.

Its surprising to learn there are less than 40 pilots qualified in the world to race jets around the air race circuit and Wilco is fortunate enough to be one of them To put this in perspective, there are more people qualified to go into space than race a jet aircraft at Reno.

Janette (wife and crew chief), Wilco and the L-29 he flies. Photo supplied.

Each year, the interest in this unique sport grows. Increased crowds and ‘die hard’ race fans attend Reno to watch this eye-opening spectacle go through its paces. The races are also televised via NBC Sports and through social media.

“It was an amazing and euphoric experience to compete for the first time, as well as being mentally and physically challenging. .Wilco’s other passion is flying warbirds. He holds a commercial pilot’s licence with ratings in Yak52, CJ6 Nanchang, T-28 Trojan piston, S211 Marchetti, L-29 Delfin and L-39 Albatross jet aircraft. He also has piston and jet aircraft display, low level acrobatics, low level flying, fast formation wing and lead and air race approvals. His favourite aircraft to fly – the T28 Trojan and the L-39 Albatross.

Joining the Royal Australian Air Force as an Avionics Technician in 1993, Wilco has worked on F-111, AP3C Orion and C-17 Globemaster aircraft during his service career. He currently works at Ground Academy, RAAF Base Wagga.

With the ongoing support of his wife, Janette, also a RAAF Avionics Technician, and his father Robin, former Air Force, Wilco hopes to continue competing in air racing at international level. The aircraft Wilco flew at Reno is owned by Charlie and Tam Camilleri of Fastjet Bathurst. Wilco maintains his Fastjet currency by flying another of their jets based at Bathurst.

Wilco says “The biggest hurdle is finding someone to let you race their aircraft.”

His advice to aspiring warbird and air race pilots – “maintain focus and strive for your dreams, never give up.

If I can inspire just one person then I feel like I’ve achieved something. Get involved with warbird companies and talk to people in the industry.”

Wilco has achieved his long-time dream and he hopes to compete at the 2021 National Championship Air Races and Airshow. He is currently seeking a sponsor to assist with funding for ongoing aircraft racing and as such he hopes to race for many years to come.

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Northrop Grumman and Airbus agree on collaboration deal Northrop Grumman Australia (NYSE: NOC) and Airbus Australia Pacific have entered into a strategic teaming agreement to cooperate in the delivery of advanced and optimised aircraft sustainment capabilities at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia.

“With the imminent arrival of groundbased infrastructure for the MQ-4C Triton unmanned system, we are already working on expanding our presence at Edinburgh,” said Chris Deeble, chief executive, Northrop Grumman Australia. “This agreement underscores Northrop Grumman’s commitment to Australian investment

across advanced capabilities, skills and jobs in support of the country’s strategic defence programs.”

Northrop Grumman and Airbus will collaborate in the sustainment and maintenance of new capabilities that will call RAAF Base Edinburgh home.

The companies also bring an array of proven Australian industry partners to this arrangement that will augment those capabilities and expand access to specialty competencies.

“Both Airbus and Northrop Grumman have a long and proven heritage in platform stewardship” said Andrew Mathewson, managing director,

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F eat ure

Mission Accomplished Welcome home 33 Squadron A ceremony has been held at RAAF Base Amberley to welcome the safe return of No. 33 Squadron personnel from the Middle East region.

A KC-30A multi-role tanker transport carrying squadron personnel, who had just completed a two-week mandatory quarantine, were greeted with a waterarch salute from airfield firefighting vehicles, as well as by fellow squadron personnel and family members.

Under Operation Okra, No. 33 Squadron deployed rotations of a KC30A and successive workforce to Air Task Group 630, providing air-to-air refuelling of Australian and Coalition aircraft. This deployment has been near continuous since September 2014.

Minister for Defence, Linda Reynolds, said she was proud of the contribution made by the ADF as part of the Coalition to defeat Daesh in Iraq.

“Australia is a strong and consistent contributor to the Coalition and has been engaged since 2014 as part of our global responsibility to support peace and security operations,” Senator

Reynolds said.

“Since the start of the threat posed

by Daesh to peace and stability in Iraq, the Coalition has liberated nearly 110,000 square kilometres and around 7.7 million Iraqis are free from Daesh oppression.

“As the year-long deployment comes to an end, I commend the crews, personnel and supporting Defence staff for their dedication, resilience and ongoing professionalism, as we work with our global Coalition partners.”

In six years, 33 Squadron flew 11,332 hours and completed 1440 missions, offloading more than 47,000 tonnes of fuel to receiver aircraft from seven Coalition partner nations. 33 Squadron’s record with the KC-30A in Operation Okra led other air forces to call it the ‘Coalition tanker of choice’.

Commanding Officer of 33 Squadron Wing Commander Sarah Stalker said more than 350 personnel had deployed with the squadron.

“Some of our personnel have completed four rotations through the

An RAAF KC-30A, E-7A Wedgetail and F/A-18F Super Hornet fly in formation as they transit to the airspace as part of Operation OKRA. Defence Image. CPL Brenton Kwaterski.

26

The KC-30A has come a long way since 2014. On the taxiway at RAAF Base Amberley. Defence Image. SGT Peter Borys.

Middle East, the equivalent of being deployed in theatre for about a year and one of our industry partner field service representatives has deployed six times in support,” Wing Commander Stalker said.

“The ceremony doesn’t just recognise those returning from this latest deployment, but the service and achievements of everyone who has gone before.

“The nature of 33 Squadron’s work is that many of our greatest accomplishments are done away from home, and over prolonged periods away from our families.”

Crews flying KC-30A missions for Operation Okra could be airborne for up to nine hours.

On the ground, technicians would

Fe a tu r e

routinely service and refuel the KC30A in temperatures of more than 40 degrees celsius, often with only a few hours to get the aircraft airborne again.

“The experience gained while deployed on Operation Okra led us to find opportunities to design and improve our processes and it has informed how we operate today,” Wing Commander Stalker said.

“We sustained a single aircraft more than 12,000 kilometres away from our home base on a busy operational tempo for nearly six years.

“The KC-30A capability has come a long way since 2014, including the introduction of two additional airframes and a new role with the Government Tr a n s p o r t a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n configured KC-30A. “Simultaneous to this deployment we systematically expanded air-to-air refuelling clearances, expanding the range of receiving aircraft the KC-30A was compatible with through test and evaluation trials and built experience in other operations and exercises. We

A United States Air Force F-16C Fighting Falcon from the 18th Aggressor Squadron refuels from a No 33 Squadron KC-30A MRTT as part of a mission during Exercise Cope North 20 in Guam. Defence image.

were able to bring that expertise to enhance our capability in support of Operation Okra.

“I’m incredibly proud of the achievements 33 Squadron has accomplished as part of Operation

Okra and each member who deployed should be considerably proud of their contribution, no matter the uniform.

By Eamon Hamilton.

Copyright Defence News

A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE TEAM

RAAF Air Refuelling Operator, FLTLT Ingrid Van Der Vlist, with the KC-30A Multi-Role Tanker Transport Advanced Refuelling Boom System.

The RAAF reflects a modern Australian society and is committed to developing diverse and inclusive teams that contribute to its capability.

The inputs of its people and combined knowledge, skills and experience are an essential element of the accomplishments of the Air Force.

Air Refuelling Operator, Flight Lieutenant Ingrid Van Der Vlist from Number 33 Squadron, RAAF Amberley, are one of the many success stories.

She earned her third Aircrew brevet when qualified as an Air Refuelling Operator on the KC-30A Multi-Role Tanker Transport in July 2020.

This enabled her to control the airto-air refuelling hoses and boom during flights – a unique skill held by less than 20 members in the Air Force. FLTLT Van Der Vlist previously served as a Crew Attendant in Air Force and then transferred to the Army, qualifying as a rotary wing Pilot.

FLTLT Ingrid Van Der Vlist, with her three Aircrew Brevets. Defence Images. CPL Jesse Kane.

Air Force’s commitment to improving gender diversity is demonstrated through a comprehensive Gender Diversity Strategy. Initiatives include mentoring for female members, strategies for improved flexible working arrangements, and support for new parents.

27

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D e fe n ce

First launch from Australia to the edge of space The Royal Australian Air Force recently launched its first ever sub-orbital rocket from Australia to the edge of space.

As part of its High-Altitude Program, Air Force is exploring the delivery and employment of game-changing capabilities in the upper atmosphere.

The launch was the first to take place from the Southern Launch Koonibba Test Range, a new commercial rocket range in South Australia, and the rocket carried an Australian designed and made prototype miniature radio frequency receiver payload.

This launch will assess the design requirements of lowcost, expendable sensors necessary to survive and operate effectively in harsh temperature, gravity and vibration environments.

Air Force’s Plan Jericho sponsored two South Australian companies for this trial. DEWC Systems developed the prototype radio frequency receiver payload. Southern Launch delivered the payload to edge of space launching a DART rocket from their Koonibba Test Range near Ceduna, South Australia. Dutch company T-Minus manufactured the small ‘New Space’ DART rocket.

Two rockets were successfully launched on September 19. This followed an unsuccessful launch on September 15 because of a defective rocket motor igniter. Southern Launch modified the igniter to ensure it functioned effectively for subsequent launches.

The Air Force payload was a 5.625GHz radio frequency receiver with a rudimentary machine-learning array designed to detect Bureau of Meteorology’s weather radars.

Wing Commander Paul Hay, Plan Jericho’s Advanced Sensing lead said it was an incredible moment.

“The rocket is unlike any ever launched in Australia weighing only 34kg, it travelled at Mach 5, or about 1.5km per second, reaching an altitude of 85km,” Wing Commander Hay said.

“The activity successfully demonstrated DEWC Systems’ ability to miniaturise a very low-cost passive sensor and communication system, integrate the sensor data into the RAAF network, develop payload software, and collaborate with Southern Launch to integrate the payload into the unique T-Minus rocket. The learnings from the trial will be important for the next steps in Australia's commercial space operations

Defence image

as well as Air Force’s High-Altitude Program.

“The DART rocket payload enables Air Force to continue low-cost trials to assess the design requirements necessary for low cost, expendable sensors to survive and operate effectively in harsh environments and how to share that information across Defence networks.

“As multiple data sources are provided by advanced sensors they will be integrated into a sophisticated Combat Cloud – or internet of Defence things – to enable smart, timely decision making.”

“The launch of the DEWC Systems payload at the Koonibba Test Range, supported by the First Nations people at Koonibba, marks the start of Australia entering the new space race and a future where all Australians can truly reach for the stars,” Southern Launch CEO Lloyd Damp said.

DEWC Systems CEO Ian Spencer said collaboration was key.

“This mission is an exciting collaboration between Australian space industry players and demonstrates that the Australian space industry has evolved and is ready to make its mark in the ‘New Space’ era,” Mr Spencer said.

The launch from the Koonibba Test Range was done in consultation and cooperation with the local Aboriginal community and marks the start of commercial space launches from South Australia.

Samara Kitchener.

Copyright Defence News

Loyal Wingman ‘fires up’ Boeing Australia powered up the commercial turbofan engine on the first Loyal Wingman aircraft in September, as part of ground testing and preparations for first flight.

This milestone comes on the heels of Boeing completing the first unmanned Loyal Wingman aircraft for the Royal Australian Air Force earlier this year, a major step forward for the unmanned vehicle serving as the foundation for the global Boeing Airpower Teaming System, an artificial intelligencepowered teaming aircraft developed for the global defence market.

“This engine run gets us closer toward flying the first aircraft later this year and was successful thanks to the collaboration and dedication of our team,” said Dr. Shane Arnott, program director of the Boeing Airpower Teaming System. “We’ve been able to select a very light, off-theshelf jet engine for the unmanned system as a result of the advanced manufacturing technologies applied to the aircraft.”

Boeing image

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S pa ce

Mus musculus: how nanofluidic drug delivery could counter muscle loss in space Muscle atrophy presents a significant health risk for astronauts, who can lose around 40% of their muscle mass after six months in microgravity.

Muscle atrophy presents a significant health risk for astronauts, who can lose around 40% of their muscle mass after six months in microgravity.

Astronauts in space have to exercise for an average of two and a half hours per day to minimise the impacts of muscle atrophy in microgravity. This presents a significant health risk for astronauts undertaking long-haul trips into space, such as US astronaut Mike Kelly who spent 342 days aboard the International Space Station from 2015 to 2016.

The mechanical unloading of the muscles in zero-gravity conditions triggers protein synthesis to decrease and protein degradation to occur, causing the muscles to start wasting. It’s the same reason patients with chronic illnesses that leave them immobile 32

or bedridden also experience muscle atrophy.

Scientists at Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine are now working to combat astronauts’ atrophy in outer space, using a subcutaneously implanted nanofluidic drug delivery system. The device is designed to gradually release very small doses of a drug called formoterol and has now been trialled in mice aboard the International Space Station.

Formoterol is a bronchodilation drug, a type of medication that makes breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening the airways.

It’s a long-acting bronchodilator, meaning it’s used as a maintenance treatment to offset the symptoms of chronic lung diseases like asthma, bronchitis or emphysema.

Alongside these effects, formoterol has been shown to stimulate increased muscle mass at certain doses, which could help our astronauts out. However, these doses also lead to cardiovascular side effects – increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, reduced plasma potassium concentration –

which in the harsh conditions of outer space are far from ideal.

Mitigating side-effects through low-dose drug delivery The Houston researchers are hoping that the systematic low-dose release of formoterol permitted by the nanofluidic delivery system can prevent muscle wastage while avoiding these cardiac side effects.

Houston Methodist professor of nanomedicine Dr Alessandro Grattoni says: “It may be possible that adverse effects of formoterol could be mitigated via low-dose sustained delivery. As opposed to bolus administration, which is typically associated with a ‘rollercoaster’ in drug concentration in the body, sustained low dose delivery may prove effective while limiting side effects. However, this needs to be further investigated.”

“In the study subjects flown on the international space station, we observed an increase in grip strength of 11%.”

Sp a ce

A group of mice (Mus Musculus) were fitted with the device and sent to space for 56 days, to test the impact sustained delivery of formoterol had on their muscles when they were in zero gravity. Far from merely preventing atrophy, the drug actually stimulated muscle growth in certain areas.

Grattoni says: “Formoterol was effective a preventing muscle atrophy.

In fact, we observed an increase in muscle mass, specifically muscles such as the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris, that are relevant in standing and numerous movements. In the study subjects flown on the International Space Station, we observed an increase in grip strength of 11%. This is significant, especially in view of the short duration of the study.”

Nanofluidic delivery could help manage multiple medications This study is the first demonstration that implantable nanofluidic drug delivery systems could be used to maintain astronaut health in outer space.

Theoretically, rather than exercising for several hours every day to offset mechanical unloading, astronauts could receive a sustained supply of formoterol from an implant under their skin. Nanofluidic delivery would help them to avoid a spike in drug levels in their system, meaning they would be able to bypass the negative cardiac side effects and simply sit back and reap the rewards.

Rather than exercising for several hours every day to offset muscular atrophy, astronauts could receive a sustained supply of formoterol from an implant under their skin.

Back on Earth, the drug delivery system has a significant potential for patients affected by muscle atrophy due to ongoing health conditions. For those who are bedridden or immobile, an implanted device like this could be life-changing.

Grattoni also sees applications for the device outside of formoterol delivery for muscular atrophy.

“Implants can resolve the issues associated with poor adherence to treatment.”

“Implants can resolve the issues associated with poor adherence to

treatment and significantly improve the quality of life of patients,” he says. “Potential applications include treatment and prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV, obesity and metabolic syndrome, pain management, drug abuse, mental disorders, hormone replacement and cancer immunotherapy, to name a few.”

Implantable drug delivery systems for HIV-preventing drugs or pain management medications sound almost science fiction, but similar systems are already in active use today. While it uses a different mechanism of action to the nanofluidic system developed at Houston Methodist Research Institute, one of the most popular methods of hormonal birth control is the contraceptive implant, which releases etonogestrel to prevent pregnancy in the user for up to three years. When you look at it that way, it doesn’t seem so unusual.

Grattoni’s, however, is still aiming for the stars.

“While there are ample opportunities for medical application on-Earth, especially for the management of chronic diseases, I believe that implants may one day serve as important tools in space medicine,” he says.

Chole Kent www.medicaldevice-network.com Images: NASA

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MEDOWIE & RAYMOND TERRACE LAND IN HIGH DEMAND Award-winning Hunter-based developer, McCloy Group has a versatile history in the building industry, but it is their focus on creating award-winning communities which is front of mind in today’s real estate market, with an ongoing reputation for attracting purchasers so eager to secure land in their Port Stephens communities they’re willing to camp a week in advance!!

Their newest community, The Gardens located on Medowie Road offers premium flat homesites in a sophisticated and welcoming environment. When complete The Gardens will be true to its name with manicured gardens and mature street trees throughout; plus signature McCloy Group public art donations resonating with the community.

First released in July 2020 The Gardens saw a number of hopeful parties camping out from as early as the Monday prior to be the first to secure a homesite, with numbers increasing as the release date approached.

Forging ahead, the second stage was released in September again attracting campers’ days in advance to secure a place within the community.

McCloy Group Senior Project Director James Goode attributed the spike in demand to a mixture of factors “there has never been a better market for those looking to build, the Government has an array of grants available and all time low interest rates are making cracking the property market more affordably for many families”.

The same experience has been felt at nearby McCloy Community, The Bower located at Boundary Road Medowie. The Bower is a more established community, first launched in 2016. At the time it too had a surge of demand, and today has seen this spike again.

The latest release, the Capri Release is a premium offering where homesites are spacious, well over 700m2 and are adjoining the state-of-the-art 1-hectare park and playground facilities. These 34

blocks really are a unique opportunity and with a deposit of only 5% required on land, they’re a great option for many homeowners and are often found to be more affordably than purchasing an existing property.

When asked why the McCloy Group have a keen focus on Medowie and Port Stephens Mr Goode commented that “Medowie was identified as a key growth area with its proximity to Port Stephens beaches and nearby work opportunities at the RAAF, the expanding Newcastle Airport and Newcastle CBD. After experiencing a positive reaction since launching The Bower, we sought to broaden our offering in the area.”

But the opportunity to secure land does not stop here, with another McCloy Community at home off Rees James Road, Raymond Terrace. Potter’s Lane conveys affordability with a convenient location just 15 minutes to local employment opportunities, 20 minutes from the Williamstown RAAF base and 25 minutes to Newcastle. This community has grown rapidly since its launch in 2016, with local residents pleased with the progression of the community.

“The McCloy Group created a warm and inviting community environment.

The inclusion of the wonderful playground, beautiful trees and grassed areas at the beginning of the development was one of the main reasons we decided to make this area our home.

We would have absolutely no hesitation in recommending the McCloy Group to anyone wishing to build a new home in one of their estates.” Karen Humphris, resident of Potter’s Lane added.

When considering Port Stephens for your new home, a tour of the McCloy Communities is a must. Future residents can expect the highest quality of living environments, as McCloy Group place a strong emphasis on vibrant public art and aesthetically pleasing streetscapes. They build children’s parks, playgrounds and cycleways, and plant mature trees. Dedicated open space for families to enjoy is a must within McCloy communities.

For more information about McCloy Group and their residential communities visit mccloygroup.com.au/hunter-landfor-sale

Potter’s Lane, Raymond Terrace

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Sp Spaace ce

How to Propel Australia’s Space Race Flinders University researchers have devised an innovative way to measure “space power” which will help Australia realise its ambition to be a more prevalent and dynamic space agency.

Through analysing the power distribution, technical capacity and autonomy of different nations engaging in space programs, researchers will use a new framework to classify the status of various active and emerging ‘spacefaring’ nations.

This project – which has obtained A$147,000 from the Department of Defence Strategic Policy Grant Program – will comparatively measure Australia’s space power using an innovative analysis framework. It will identify how a country can increase its status as a Space Power and guide key players to best focus their attention and resources.

This has special interest for the Australian Defence Forces, as a 2016 Defence White Paper acknowledges outer space being relevant to ADF strategic policy priority interests and activities in the next 20 years.

The Flinders University research project aims to conduct a comparative assessment of various space programs by identifying, measuring and comparing their strengths and weaknesses, and this will enable Defence industries to understand how to strategically enhance Australia’s relative position as a Space Power.

“It will show Defence how to contribute to increase Australia’s relative international status as a major strategic actor in space, hence creating, projecting, and sustaining national power in a way that can shape Australia’s position and role in the world,” says project lead Associate Professor Rodrigo Praino. Australia’s degree of autonomy in the emerging race for space will therefore determine its status as a possible Space Power.

Increasing investment by Australian public and private entities in space projects will constitute critical strategic infrastructure that will have a very large impact on Government’s and Defence’s future planning and role.

Associate Professor Praino also expects that the novel methods of creating this new index will attract international attention.

“The space power index resulting from this project will become an international point of reference for undertaking the comparative assessment of global space activities by government agencies, academia, and research institutes,” he says.

Associate Professor Praino joined Darin Lovett, from the South Australian Space Industry Centre, and Ruth Ambler, Executive Director, Cabinet Office, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, recently held a public talk entitled The Politics and Policy of Space at Flinders Victoria Square.

The SA Space Industry Centre aims to grow the local space industry, which includes about 80 space-related organisations. Increasingly, spacebased assets such as satellites and ground-based space infrastructure are becoming essential to a country’s economy and strategic environment.

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Health insurance you can depend on For almost 70 years, Defence Health has been providing great value health insurance, specially tailored for Defence families.

Defence Health has always been notfor-profit and all for members – with better service, more satisfied members, and more back in benefits.

Because management expenses are kept low, around $0.92 of every $1.00 of premium revenue is returned to members in benefits.

But what many serving men and women don’t realise is their extended family is eligible to join Defence Health too.

That means mum and dad, brothers, sisters – and of course partner and children – can take advantage of the great value cover at Defence Health.

Private hospital cover gives people access to timely medical treatment, by a doctor of their choice. Instead of months on the public hospital elective

surgery waiting list, private patients get the treatment they need almost immediately.

And extras cover helps fund the important general treatment – such as dental, physio, optical and podiatry services – that Medicare does not cover.

The Defence Health ADF Total Package Gold is firmly focused on valuable benefits and affordable cover for ADF families. Children can receive one no-gap mouthguard, custom-fitted by a dentist, every year until they turn 21. And unlike other funds, there’s no lifetime limit on the benefits paid for orthodontic treatment.

The premiums are very competitive too – with the added bonus of national pricing for ADF families. Plus there’s a 10% discount for 12 months for discharging personnel, and an ongoing discount for Veteran Card holders.

Defence Health has a range of hospital cover for extended family – from Basic

Plus through to Gold. And people under 30 can take advantage of a Youth discount on a range of hospital cover options – up to 10% off if they join before age 26.

If you’re looking for a health insurer you can trust, it makes sense to check out Defence Health. www.defencehealth.com.au

The only person benefiting from your health should be you Defence Health is a not-for-profit health insurer. Which means we are all about people rather than profits. Great value health insurance designed specifically for ADF families.

Talk to us on 1800 335 425 or visit www.defencehealth.com.au

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Adapt and Evolve

Fe a tu r e

35 Squadron is embracing challenges to ensure loadmasters are skilled up

Air Force C-27J Spartan aircrew from 35 Squadron participate in the Loadmaster Initial Qualification course during a series of training missions over NSW. Defence images.

Adapted training programs and remote learning have ensured pilots and loadmasters from 35SQN continued their training during COVID-19 travel restrictions.

Usually, instructors and students travel to Pisa, Italy, to access the simulator facility but instead did local and from-home training.

This ensured they were still able to achieve course outcomes and successfully graduate aircrew from the loadmaster initial qualification and pilot initial qualification courses on the C-27J Spartan.

Commanding Officer 35SQN Wing Commander Scott Egan said it was important for students to remain flexible to maintain their knowledge and skills with limited aircraft exposure.

“Continuing these courses and graduating loadmasters and pilots has been an important contribution to 35 Squadron capability during these uncertain times,” Wing Commander Egan said.

“Developing qualified crews provides more flexibility when planning for the

squadron and the ability to support more missions and operations as required.”

Instructors and students conducted as much of the learning and planning for their flights from home, including study sessions by video call, group messages, directed study and instructors maintaining availability to be contacted out of work hours.

Loadmaster student LAC Jackson Saunders said it was about being responsive to change.

“You have to maintain focus to get the most out of every practical opportunity with the aircraft and do the best you can within the circumstances,” LAC Saunders said.

The pilot initial qualification students graduated with some restrictions on their category, with sequences still to be flown once access to the simulator is regained.

Pilot Officer Mitchell Pieper-Miels said although not being able to use the simulator for the tactical phase or gain exposure to international flying operations, the training course was duly adapted.

FLTLT Justin Stevens and PLTOFF Mitchell Pieper-Miels, C-27J Spartan aircrew from No. 35 Squadron, conduct an instrument approach as part of a training mission during a series of training missions during a Pilot Initial Qualification course.

“We had the opportunity of more flying hours in the actual aircraft and when unrestricted travel to NSW was allowed, we flew to Richmond to conduct live-airdrop missions, which was a highlight, “Pilot Officer Pieper-Miels said.

Students graduated with a small ceremony held at the squadron’s training facility.

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F eat ure

A fIghter pilot approach to motorcycle riding

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KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, “A man’s got to know his limitations,” said Clint Eastwood’s “Dirty Harry” character in the 1973 movie, “Magnum Force.”

what needs to be done without bending metal, is also a smart way to approach a motorcycle ride before letting out the clutch. This commentary is written by a fighter pilot and a motorcycle enthusiast to blend the best of both worlds. We want all motorcycle riders to have a “hoot” for years and years come!

Those words I’m sure were in the back of Maverick’s mind in “Top Gun” as he paused on his Kawasaki GPZ 900 Ninja by the runway at Miramar to watch the Tomcats takeoff. He should have taken a moment to reflect, given how often he put his aircraft out of control throughout that movie.

While flying a fighter and riding a motorcycle may have little in common, except both being a “hoot,” the deliberate approach required in aviation, to do

Training

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A fighter pilot goes through extensive training to learn the basic skills of flying an airplane, but more importantly, undergoes continuation training to develop new skills while honing existing skills. Recurrent training builds habit patterns that can be relied on when things get hairy.

Motorcyclists can benefit from this same approach. Our traffic safety rules

already require us to get some basic motorcycle training, but really, how effective is an initial course and perhaps a refresher course in developing a lifetime of skills? Those courses give you some basics, but you’re on your own to practice periodically, to sharpen your reflexes and habit patterns.

Take time to hone your riding skills, especially after a layoff, to rebuild those good habit patterns. Find a parking lot where you have some room to practice handling your motorcycle. Fighter pilots never practice in the main airways; they go to special airspace where the dangers of the manoeuvres can be managed. With that said, the street is no place to practice your skills. Many excellent programs are available to develop advanced riding skills.

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Defence image

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Planning FLIGHT

A great sortie always starts with a great plan. Sitting down with your wingmen to decide what the job in front of you will require is a key step to understanding what it will take to get from point A to point B. Not all motorcycle rides necessarily involve a great deal of planning, but you should take a few moments to consider where you’re going and how you intend to get there. Doing so should make the ride more enjoyable. When selecting your route of travel, consider how bad weather or traffic congestion might affect driving conditions for you and other motorists.

Weather also affects the human machine. “Dress for egress” is a common saying among pilots, who

may start out warm and comfy, then end up wet and cold in the middle of nowhere, with nothing except their wits for protection. If you’ve been getting fat and lazy all winter, your first ride of spring shouldn’t be an all-day run through the twisties, hoping the highway patrol doesn’t put a laser on you.

The Right Gear

Suiting up is a very personal affair.

Getting harnessed just right, choosing the color of the skull cap under your helmet and other accessories are important considerations for the pilot.

You gotta look and feel right. More importantly, the equipment has to work.

Unlike a fighter pilot, most motorcyclists can’t afford a highly skilled life-support technician, so you’re on your own to wear the right gear, all the time. Road

rash isn’t funny, even when it’s on someone else.

The most powerful muscle you have, or maybe the second-most one, is your brain, which is easy to squash like a melon. The rules say to wear a helmet.

pre The walk-around with the crew chief is the traditional informal ceremony where the pilot is officially lent the aircraft. As a rider, you are your own crew chief; if the machine is unreliable, it’s your own fault.

Take time to make sure all is in order: tires are inflated properly, fluid levels are good and all lights are serviceable.

Even better than being able to accelerate is being able to stop. Inspect your brakes so that something else doesn’t have to bring you to a sudden 41

F eat ure

stop. Clean machines run better and look better, and at least you know there’s still oil in the engine.

Area Work Once in the area, the plan-aircraft-man interface is put to the test. Where will problems arise and which part will be the weak link? You’re cruising along, king of all you see, and then a missile comes off your wingman about the same time a warning light goes off on your instrument panel. What will you do, act then think, think then act, or just react? Your actions may reflect badly on you, or have you looking like a hero.

In “Top Gun,” Maverick had to recover from hallucinogenic episodes before he started to react.

As a motorcyclist, you won’t have that luxury. You face similar scenarios on your bike every day. Is the car in the next driveway going to back out?

Does the “snowbird” driving next to you know you’re there? Why does that pickup I’m following have so much junk in the bed? Any of those situations can quickly put you in reaction mode. The

most common outcome when facing an unanticipated situation is overreacting to it and putting the shiny side of the motorcycle on the pavement.

How do you prepare for such incidents? Pilots call knowing what’s going on around them “situational awareness.” Maintaining SA while you ride, so you can apply the techniques you were taught in your rider training, is paramount to controlling and preparing for the risks you’ll face. Anticipate the unanticipated and expect the unexpected! Operating your motorcycle within your capabilities, just like flying a fighter, may make the difference between stopping short of a catastrophe or launching over the hood of a vehicle.

You don’t want to hear those infamous words, “I’m so sorry. I didn’t see you.”

Visual Lookout

What about visual lookout tactics for riding? Fighter pilots always say “lose sight, lose fight,” and they train themselves to pick up the first tally on an enemy airplane. Can the motorcycle rider benefit from a deliberate “problem

ID” plan? An enemy airplane at 600 knots and 10 miles away could be a friendly, so improving SA rests a great deal on using your vision effectively.

Planning should have revealed how environmental conditions might affect your plan.

Anything you put in front of your eyes will decrease your long-range vision, so think about how many layers you put between yourself and the road.

A scratched visor is a killer when hit by headlights or the sun, and dark visors on a dark or cloudy day significantly delay the range at which you can pick up hazards, such as potholes.

How you use your eyes is as important as knowing what can be seen. Focus techniques and scan patterns are important tools of the fighter pilot. They are taught to scan from near to far, to ensure the “kill zone” is clear, and then to look at threats outside the kill zone. When scanning from 3,000 feet to 2 miles, using things along the ground helps with focus. Why? Because depth perception and measuring distance is

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important to protect and react to things inside the “kill zone.”

For the motorcycle jock, that “kill zone” is based on the ability to manoeuvre out of harm’s way. A motorcycle traveling at 60 miles per hour approaching an oncoming car also traveling at 60 mph achieves a closing rate of 176 feet per second. The rider’s kill zone is now 528 feet - more than a football field and a half! He has three seconds to react. If you’re doing 120 mph on a sport bike and that oncoming car is going 60 mph ... well, you get the picture, and it ain’t pretty.

Keep your eyes moving, but look for something in the distance to focus on, then refocus at a range that will give you time to react, and don’t get lazy and let your eyes glaze over at about 10 feet.

What if I’m having a bad day and my reaction time doubles? Understand contributing factors and be more cautious. Peripheral vision comes into play as it supports our SA by triggering us to move our head and assess the threat. Most people have greater peripheral vision in their dominant

Defence image

eye, meaning, for example, better peripheral vision on the right side leaves a weakness on the other side. No good fighter pilot is going to leave that left side unscanned and let a threat into the “kill zone.”

Can you improve focus, scanning and the distance that you first pick up targets? Absolutely. The Air Force

Fighter Weapons School -- “Top Gun” for Air Force fighter pilots -- taught focus techniques moving from near to far on almost all flights to improve vision and scan techniques. For peripheral vision, they tested your ability by having you hold a ball in each hand and then moving your hands to see how far your vision extended, then trying to improve it

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There’s a lot to how fighter pilots use their vision to protect and defend the “kill zone.” Motorcyclists can do the same thing.

What If?

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through scans. Remember this -- heads down time can kill you in flying and on a motorcycle. Keep those eyes where you’re going!

An understanding of the enemy is also important for both fighter pilots and motorcycle riders. What’s the field of the view of that “snowbird” waiting at that upcoming intersection? Probably not near what yours is, and I’ll bet nobody ever taught him or her to scan. Do you think the driver can see the distance you can?

Fighter pilots consider breakdowns in the plan as part of the plan, calling them “what ifs.” What if a coordinated strike becomes uncoordinated, someone doesn’t show up, or the timing is off?What if our missile employment isn’t as lethal as we hoped? What if we fail to destroy the target on the first pass? Those “what ifs” force a riskmanagement action plan in the calm of the briefing room, and help avoid real-time actions becoming too ad-hoc, reactionary or ineffective.

The motorcycle rider should have plans, as well. What if the group I’m riding with exceeds my comfort level, either through speed or questionable actions? What if the weatherman was wrong, and the predicted sunny day is instead drizzly, and a damp layer of grease and oil coats the road? What if my favourite roads haven’t been

maintained lately, and gravel or sand covers the apex of my turn?

Fortunately for the motorcyclist, there is one simple solution to help you survive the unexpected: slow down.

Slower speeds allow for greater reaction time should an unexpected event occur.

If a collision appears unavoidable, understand proper braking techniques, leave yourself an out, and as a last line of defence, always wear a full ensemble of personal protective gear.

Lesson Learned After the flight is over, honest and pointed feedback draws out what went right and what went wrong, so we don’t make the same mistakes again. If you’re lucky and have a wingman to ride with, you’ll get some feedback on things you might need to work on. If you care about your buddies, and they need some constructive feedback, you’ll provide it. Simple things, such as cornering techniques, worn or unserviceable motorcycle parts, or wearing riding gear that just isn’t cool anymore are just a few examples. If you ride with friends

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who think doing wheelies and stoppies on public roads is OK; then you have your “being a good wingman” work cut out for you. You might try discussing problems you see with another rider who has credibility and might team up with you in correcting a problem.

One Last Thing

After the debrief is over, invariably

someone has one last tidbit of insight they feel compelled to share. So, here’s one last item for riders. The public and military opinion of riders is about the same as the cute club bartender’s opinion of fighter pilot stories - not great!

Cleaning up the sport and keeping an eye on each other will go a long way toward changing attitudes. There are many great motorcycle clubs out there

whose members have tons of riding experience, training ideas, fun ride tips and great friendship available.

(Dan Maham, Deputy Division Chief for Air Force Ground Safety, Bud Redmond, Air Force Deputy Chief of Safety and Air Force Safety Centre Executive Director, contributed to this commentary) Colonel Mark Mouw, 12th Air Force Chief of Safety. US Air Force

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NEW THINKING TO SOLVE OLD CHALLENGES: In 1939 the Heinkel He 178 became the first aircraft to be successfully powered by a turbojet engine. The inventor, Dr Hans Von Ohain of Germany, chose gasoline as its fuel because it was widely available and was used in all piston engine aircraft. Similarly in 1941, Sir Frank Whittle of Great Britain used illuminating kerosene for his turbojet, again because it was widely available; an early indication that turbojet engines might prove more tolerant of a wider range of fuel types than piston engines.

In these early years of development therefore, jet fuel properties were primarily dictated by fuel system constraints, operational requirements and, ultimately, by availability.

The first provisional jet fuel specifications were published in 1943 in England and 1944 in the USA. As engines and specifications developed, it became apparent that fuel properties such as freeze point and higher volatility were key to defining jet fuel characteristics. Jet fuels have accordingly evolved into the most regulated transportation fuels with an extensive set of specifications. In turn, this has led to increased dependence and demand for crude oil.

For example, Australia is heavily dependent on imports, a situation that shows no sign of changing in the immediate future. Importantly, the dependence on oil imports leaves Australia exposed to global events, such as the 13 September 2019 drone attacks in Saudi Arabia, which led to a 13 percent increase in fuel prices.

Similarly, the impact of the COVID-19 global crisis on the supply of liquid fuel into Australia cannot be predicted.

While the Australian government might leave its ports open for the delivery of liquid fuel into the country, the liquid fuel

46

supply chain will be adversely affected if the delivery of oil ceases.

In April 2019, the Department of the Environment and Energy released its interim report titled Liquid Fuel Security Review. The report recognises the complexities of the liquid fuel market and suggests that while supply shortages have potentially high consequences for Australia, threats to fuel security have a low likelihood of occurring with the core assumption of uninterrupted supply through the Indo- Pacific. Recent events such as Queensland closing its ports to foreign vessels suggests a weak foundation for such an assumption.

In contrast, in his 2018 Australian Defence Magazine article, former Deputy Chief of Air Force John Blackburn aptly highlights that the Government’s marketbased focus attempts to shift responsibility to the industry.

Given the events in Saudi Arabia and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, liquid fuel security is a national security concern. It is of direct consequence to the ADF’s ability to raise, train, sustain and project the joint forces to create the necessary effects. Leaving this critical element of national security to the market places existing liquid fuel security policy at risk, potentially affecting the ADF’s ability to deliver desired outcomes when necessary.

Akin to the rest of Australia, the ADF is reliant on liquid fuel supply.

Fuel is ADF’s largest single commodity expenditure, amounting in 2016-2017 to 423 million litres of fuel, costing approximately A$423 million. The Air Force consumes about 70 percent of the total, followed by the Navy.

These figures place the ADF as one of the single largest liquid fuel users in Australia, providing substantial leverage in influencing the liquid fuel market.

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THE LINK BETWEEN NATIONAL SECURITY, ADF AND THE LIQUID ENERGY MARKET

Avionics Technician, Leading Aircraftman Michael Burns of 77 Squadron, runs out a refuelling hose with US Air Force Airman First Class Charles Hearn prior to refuelling an F/A-18A Hornet. SGT Guy Young. Defence image.

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Two RAAF F/A-18 Hornets fly in refuelling formation with a KC-30A Multi Role Tanker Transport during an Australian Defence Force showcase rehearsal in preparation for the Australian International Airshow at Avalon, Victoria 2019. CPL David Said. Defence image.

This situation is complicated by the ADF requiring seven different grades of liquid fuel. Take for instance, NATO grade F-44, a commercially produced high flash point aviation fuel. This has been difficult to procure due to the low volumes required, which raises the cost of production to a point where refiners refuse to produce it.

Conceptually, the military uses commercial fuels containing additives that cater for the ADF’s diverse operational conditions and to cater for its materiel, which could be brand new or relatively old. The military specification fuels are F-34, F-44 and F-76 which are commercially produced Jet A1, aviation carrier turbine fuel for ship borne operations and commercial diesel fuel. Following production, the military additives— Static Dissipating Additive, Corrosion Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver and Fuel System Icing Inhibitor—are added prior to delivery to the ADF. Traditionally, due to their high flash point, ships and ship borne aircraft use F-76 and F-44 respectively.

F-34, with a lower flash point is used by

landbased air assets and has a lower cost of production.

F-44 is the most stringently produced fuel and it meets and often exceeds the performance characteristics of all the other fuels listed earlier. Hence, it can be used on all Defence assets equipped with a gas turbine or a diesel engine without deleterious effects.

For example, an MRH 90 helicopter can operate using Jet A, Jet A1, F-34 and F-44. When the MRH 90 operates with the RAN it switches from F-34 to F-44 as needed. Similarly, a Sea Hawk helicopter can take off from a ship with F-44 on board and in transit can refuel with F-34 at RAAF Richmond en route to another location. Furthermore, because of its properties, the practice of blending F-44 with commercial diesel fuel and F-76 occurs routinely to power ships. Furthermore, F-44 is used as emergency back-up for US Navy nuclear submarine diesel engines.

Finally, Australian M1A1 tanks can use any of these grades of fuel in their gas turbine engines. In very cold regions they can swap from

diesel/F-76 to F-34/F-44 due to their much lower freezing points. It seems then, there is merit in investigating the possibility of using F-44 in lieu of Jet A, Jet A1 and F-34 for aircraft, and in lieu of commercial Diesel fuel and F-76 for ships, submarines and tanks.

Accordingly, by combining the total fuel requirement into a single grade of fuel, the ADF can achieve economy of scale to shape the liquid fuel market in Australia.

With the above in mind, using Australian resources to produce jet fuel creates an opportunity that can solve Australia’s fuel import dependency. In this context, the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) refining process – which is used to convert coal and natural gas into liquid fuels – is a prime example. The FT process was invented by the Germans in World War II and improved by South Africa during apartheid. More recently, the FT process has been commercially used by Qatar and South Africa to supplement existing liquid fuel exports.

Hence, harnessing Australia’s mining industries to create liquid energy 49

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security without any negative impact to its economy through the FT process is an attractive proposal. Furthermore, depending on the production method, fuels produced via the FT process create lower greenhouse gases than their traditional counterparts delivering positive environmental outcomes.

The possibility of using fuels manufactured via the FT process that uses Australia’s already wellestablished mining industry, coupled

with the economic advantages of the ADF adopting a single grade of fuel creates an opportunity that could minimise the risks associated with Australia’s liquid fuel security.

Specifically, the Government could work with industry to develop an indigenous fuel manufacturing capability based on existing natural resources (coal and natural gas) and the FT process. This initiative is low-risk because industrial application of the FT process is a well-

established procedure. Furthermore, it leverages Australia’s significant coal and gas industries for domestic consumption and isolates exposure to foreign supply chains. Finally, depending on the methods chosen, positive environmental protection outcomes can be achieved with the FT process.

Wing Commander Ulas Yildirim RAAF Air Power Development Centre

Boom Time An Airforce P-8A Poseidon aircraft has completed its first air-to air refuelling missions in partnership with a KC-30A Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT).

Seven flights from September 22 to October 1 involved the KC-30A departing its home base at RAAF Base Amberley and establishing contact with the P-8A Poseidon from RAAF Edinburgh’s 92 Wing.

Using the 11m advanced refuelling boom system mounted on the KC30A, the refuelling contact between the two aircraft was made in the designated training airspace off the coast of Queensland.

Captain of the P-8A Poseidon Squadron Leader Chris Godfrey said extensive planning was the key to mission success.

“The execution of air-to-air refuelling requires extensive planning and training in both the simulator and airborne environment, “SQNLDR Leader Godfrey said.

“This included rigorous training scenarios to ensure that we were ready for the demanding aerial refuelling flights.”

Crews of both aircraft were required to maintain strict performance parameters to ensure precision engagement and contact for the transfer of fuel.

Coordination and communication between 92 Wing and 33 Squadron aircrew was also key to the success of the flights.

“Fundamentally, it’s a team effort both in the air and on the ground,” SQNLDR Godfrey said.” This included our 11

RAAF KC-30A MRTT aircraft from No. 33 Squadron refuels P-8A Poseidon from 11 Squadron for the first time in the airspace off the coast of Queensland. Defence image.

Squadron maintenance personnel who worked long hours over the past couple of months to ensure the service-ability of aircraft for the aerial refuelling flights.

“I was incredibly proud to play a part in the mission and operate within such an effective and focused team.”

Officer Commanding 92 Wing, Group Captain John Grime said the missions were important capability outcome.

“The missions represent a significant achievement for the RAAF P-8A fleet on our path to final operational capability, “GPCAPT Grime said.

“It enhances the existing operational effectiveness of the aircraft’s long-rang surveillance capabilities, extending the endurance and radius of action of the platform” Collaboration between 92 Wing and 86 Wing played a significant role.

“The strong partnership with 33 Squadron’s KC-30A team demonstrates our ability to integrate fifth-generation capabilities and strengthens our air power contribution for the joint force, “GPCAPT Grime said.

Officer Commanding 86 Wing GPCAPT Anthony Bull said RAAF KC30A crews had previously completed refuelling trials with United States Navy P-8As. “Adding RAAF”s P-8A Poseidon to our scope of support reinforces the value of the KC-30A in the battle space, “Group Captain Bull said.

“It delivers an extremely agile capability across multiple platforms in support of operations at home and abroad.”

To further enhance the training outcomes of the mission, an Air Combat Group AAA Learjet acted as the photographic chase aircraft assisting in the capture of the historical air-to-air refuelling mission.

Operated by11 and 292 Squadrons based at RAAF Base Edinburgh, the P-8A Poseidon is a modern, highly reliable aircraft based on the commercially proven Boeing B737-800.

It has been modified to incorporate the latest maritime surveillance and attack capabilities

51

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Hist ory

Tindal has big plans to celebrate next year’s RAAF centenary

Defence image.

Tindal RAAF Base personnel are seeking to inspire regional communities as the base prepares for what will be a year of commemorations across Australia in 2021.

One of the oldest Air Forces in the world, the Royal Australian Air Force next year marks its 100th anniversary.

Tindal is one of the nation's newest air bases, but is being upgraded to be one of the most important to Australia's defence strategy.

Wing Commander Tim Ferrell, Senior Australian Defence Force Officer at Tindal, hosted a Katherine region Community Leader information session in September.

"The aim of this session was to provide the leaders of the Katherine Region community an overview of the Air Force Centenary and what Air Force has planned for RAAF Base Tindal, Katherine, and the surrounding region throughout 2021," Wing Commander Ferrell said.

"Defence is keen to understand how it can share the Air Force's Centenary next year by engaging with Katherine and our outlying communities."

The Air Force Centenary will include events and activities at the national, regional, and base levels in line with the overarching Air Force Centenary program theme: 'Then.

Now. Always'.

Air Force Centenary events will focus on recognising the role of the Permanent Air Force, Reservists, and Australian 54

Public Service employed within Defence by honouring our people and our past.

Air Force Centenary events will highlight the spectrum of air and space power capabilities in today's Air Force, and Air Force's contributions to the Australian Defence Force's Joint Force effects more broadly as part of One Team, One Defence.

2021 is also the 80th Anniversary of the formation of the Australian Air Force Cadets. It's hoped the various events and activities around the country will inspire young Australians to consider a career in Air Force, Defence, or aviation industry.

Tindal itself celebrated its 30th birthday in October 2018.

Tindal was initially built by the US Army's 43rd Engineer General Service Regiment as Carson's Airfield in 1942.

The airfield was to provide a base for Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers which could hit Japanese targets in Papua New Guinea and the Dutch East Indies.

A year after the war, in 1946, the airfield was renamed in honour of Wing Commander Archie Tindal, who was the first RAAF member killed in action on the Australian mainland during World War Two. He bravely died while manning a machine gun against the Japanese onslaught during the bombing of Darwin on February 19, 1942, and was buried at the Adelaide River War Cemetery.

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Today it is undergoing a billion-dollar upgrade to prepare for the arrival of fifth generation Joint Strike Fighters in the next few years.

The base is also being upgraded to host more US military assets. During a visit in July, Prime Minister Scott Morrison described Tindal as key to the nation's defence strategy and the "point of the spear".

Wing Commander Ferrell said during the centennial year, it's important Tindal acknowledge the proud heritage of Australia's First Peoples as guardians of country, its land, seas, and skies.

"We are committed to work with Australia's First Peoples to honour and celebrate the richness and diversity of the world's oldest living culture," he said.

"Together we are proud Australians carrying on with the shared responsibility and privilege of protecting our country and its skies, and the Air Force 'Our Place, Our Skies Strategy 2019-2028' will feature throughout 2021.

"The members and families of RAAF Base Tindal look forward to sharing this historic event with the people of the Greater Katherine Region.

"Keep your eyes skyward, you may see something exciting. 'Then. Now. Always.'"

For further information on the commemoration of the Royal Australian Air Force's formation in March 1921, visit www. airforce.gov.au/100.

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Katherine still in the running for a Hornet Katherine remains in the running to be “allocated” a retired F/A-18A Hornet from the Tindal RAAF Base for the town’s museum.

The first of two ‘Classic’ Hornets allocated to the Australian War Memorial for heritage display was transported by road from RAAF Base Williamtown to Canberra in late October.

The Defence Department confirmed it had allocated eight F/A-18A/B ‘Classic’ Hornet aircraft for heritage purposes, including the pair now at the Australian War Memorial.

“The Katherine Museum has approached Defence regarding allocation of an F/A-18A/B aircraft,” a Defence spokeswoman said.

“Their expression of interest - along with expressions of interest from a number of other museums and heritage organisations - has been registered and will be considered.”

The Tindal RAAF Base’s 75 Squadron will gradually retire their

A F/A-18A/B 'Classic' Hornet is pulled apart for transportation from the Williamtown RAAF Base to the Australian War Memorial. Defence image.

Katherine's love affair with the F/A-18A/B 'Classic' Hornet is plain to see.

Hornets over the next few years as they are replaced by fifth generation Joint Strike Fighters, the F-35A. The fleet of 75 Classic Hornet aircraft were introduced into service in 1985 and will see 36 years’ service by the planned withdrawal in December 2021.

Tindal’s 75 Squadron is expected to begin conversion to the new jets in January 2022 to achieve final operational capability by the end of 2023.

Katherine already has a mural

featuring the Hornets in Railway Terrace facing the new Cenotaph.

The prospect of the new attraction at the museum came to light during the August election campaign with the CLP promising funding support for the museum.

Commenting on the move of the Hornets to the Australian War Memorial, Minister for Defence Industry Melissa Price said the F/A-18A Hornet was “a special aircraft for the RAAF”.

Chris McLennan, Katherine Times

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Hist ory

THE LOST BEAUFIGHTER

by Charles Page

Bristol Beaufighter Mk 1c. Courtesy Neil Mackenzie

In June 2014, the lost Beaufighter of pilot Ronald Kerrigan and navigator Ronald Smith was found off Cable Beach, Broome, 70 years after it crashed into the sea. Neither Kerrigan nor Smith were ever found and were presumed killed on 18 September 1944.

Flight Sergeant Ronald Kerrigan was posted to 31 Squadron on 16 July 1944, flying Beaufighters out of Coomalie Creek, 70 km south of Darwin. The squadron had been conducting strikes on Japanese targets in Timor, and the Aru and Tanimbar Islands. Ronald took part in three strikes, and two operations, and was known by his second name Stephen or ‘Steve’ in the squadron. This avoided confusion with his navigator Flight Sergeant Ronald George Smith, who was a junior draftsman in Sydney before joining up.

In September 1944, RAAF Catalinas were conducting operations from Broome, and to provide air cover a flight of Beaufighters from 31 Squadron was detached there. On 13 September Flt 58

Lt John Klug led four Beaufighters from Coomalie to 79 OBU, Broome, with A19-163 crewed by Kerrigan and Smith.

Ronald Stephen Kerrigan was born in Perth on 3 May 1924. He attended Perth Boys School, followed by Perth Technical College, and was employed as a window dresser with tobacconists WD & HO Wills. On 11 February 1942, he enrolled in 75 Squadron Air Training Corps, at Christian Brothers College, Perth.

On turning 18 he enlisted in the RAAF and was sent to Geraldton for guard duties. However, he was determined to fly, and was posted to No 4 Initial Training School, Victor Harbor on 3 January 1943. He then trained on Tiger Moths at No 9 Elementary Flying Training School, Cunderdin, and advanced to Ansons at No 4 Service Flying Training School, Geraldton, Ronald was awarded his ‘Wings’ on 26 August 1943, and after a stint as staff pilot on Ansons, he converted onto the Bristol Beaufighter at No 5 Operational

Training Unit, Tocumwal. This fast twin engine fighter bomber was often described for obvious reasons as ‘two engines followed by a fuselage’ but to the Japanese it was the ‘Whispering Death’. This was due to its devastating firepower and the remarkably quiet sleeve valve Hercules engines. After completing the Beaufighter conversion, Ronald joined No 31 Squadron at Coomalie Creek, from where he flew several operations before detachment to Broome.

On 18 September 1944, Kerrigan and Smith in Beaufighter A19-163 were detailed to carry out a seaward patrol from Broome, along with Taylor and Packman in A19-140. The aircraft had a daily inspection and at 0425 hrs, Kerrigan started the twin engines and taxied to the east end of the Broome runway, where he ran up the engines.

With indications seeming normal, he lined up on the runway, and after some 200 yards, opened up the throttles, throwing up a heavy cloud of dust. From

H i sto r y

Smith-Kerrigan-Coomalie-Creek-`1944 Ronald Smith (L) and Ronald Kerrigan, Coomalie Creek, 1944. Courtesy Val Bullied.

dispersal, Flight Sergeant Schillerman noticed that the aircraft was not climbing normally.

Taylor, in A19-140, waited until the dust cleared enough to see the runway flares and commenced his take-off.

However, after only about 150 yards he saw a bright glare and a flash of flame and smoke just to the left of the runway and approximately 1 ½ miles ahead.

Fearing the worst, Taylor abandoned his take-off, rolled to the far end of the runway and called for ambulance and emergency crews.

Meanwhile, Flight Sergeant Schillerman and Leading Aircraftman Heald had arrived by truck at the end of the runway, and after climbing up a sandhill, observed the flames and smoke out to sea. It seemed certain that A19-163 had crashed into the sea.

The crash was seen by the station manager of Thangoo cattle station, who observed a large sheet of flame that lit up the horizon. This was also seen by the No 327 Radar Station operator, who heard two loud explosions. However, another witness stated he heard four explosions. Other witnesses thought the aircraft caught fire before crashing, but this was not confirmed.

A search boat was sent to investigate the crash site about one mile west of Cable Beach, and floating debris was found over about 500 yards. It was considered that the wings had disintegrated on impact and that the

fuel tanks had exploded. The main wreckage was in 30 feet of water, but diving efforts were unsuccessful due to tides and nil underwater visibility.

A Court of Enquiry was held at Broome on 20 September 1944, and concluded that the cause was ‘obscure’.

However, it went on to suggest that the pilot was not experienced on the aircraft (Kerrigan had over 400 hours total and 91 hours on type) and may have had difficulty controlling the Beaufighter on a night take-off, with no horizon.

Many take-off accidents have been attributed to the false climb illusion, caused by rapid acceleration. This affects the inner ear balance, and a pilot may have the impression he is climbing too steeply and push down on the controls. The Beaufighter was particularly prone, as the short nose gave no horizon reference. However, in the case of A19-163, this can only be speculation, especially as very little of the wreckage had been found and inspected.

In 2012 Broome historian Dion Marinis and helicopter pilot Jim Miles began a search for the wreckage. Two years later, using side scan sonar and metal detection, they found the debris field, and scuba-dived on the target area. They discovered the wing spars, tail wheel, tail plane and 20mm Hispano cannons, along with live rounds. On the next dive both engines were found, and the port engine was found to have

an exploded cylinder. This opened up the strong possibility of an engine failure during or after take-off as being the cause of the accident. It was also revealed that the aircraft had a long history of engine faults.

After the Kerrigan and Smith families were advised of the find, a memorial was erected at Cable Beach, with the assistance of Broome Shire. Then, 70 years to the exact date of the crash, an emotional Dawn Service was held, with three generations of family members, a school choir, and RAAF personnel, including Wing Commander Joe Elkington from No 31 Squadron.

After the service, relatives were taken by boat to the wreck site, where a final ceremony gave closure.

Ronald Kerrigan and Ronald Smith are commemorated at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, and the Sydney Memorial, Rookwood. Ronald Kerrigan is also commemorated at the State War Memorial, Kings Park, Perth, and on the 7 Wing Australian Air Force Cadets Honour Board, and Book of Remembrance at RAAF Pearce. The accident is also featured in the book Wings of Valour.

Sources: NAA Kerrigan R S, A9301 Service Record, A705 Casualty File.

NAA A9845 Beaufort Accidents. AWM, CWG. Dion Marinis, Jim Miles, Val Bullied, ABC Kimberley, Ken Grimson.

Wings of Valour, Charles Page.

Memorial to Ronald Kerrigan and Ronald Smith, Cable Beach, Broome. Courtesy Val Bullied

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Hist ory

THE SOUTHERN CLOUD: MYSTERY FINALLY SOLVED What happened to the Southern Cloud? Since I first heard about the plane 20 years ago, I’d wanted to find out the whole story. In January 2011, I finally did…

By Richard Fairbrother The Southern Cloud’s crash was one of the first big aviation mysteries in Australia. Remember that in those days, planes flew low, and slow, and had no radio or modern navigation equipment. Pilots relied on the weather forecast in the morning newspaper. Once airborne, their fate and that of their passengers rested solely on their own luck and skill, and the reliability of their machine. A big storm could easily mean disaster and death.

At 21, Smithy had been a fighter pilot over France in World War I. At the same age, my grandfather signed up with the Royal Australian Air Force, inspired by Smithy 12 years before and driven by a sense of the need to “fight Hitler”. Before long, he was flying combat missions, not against the Nazis, but in the Pacific, against Japan. He survived the war after 62 combat operations in Catalina flying boats, losing many friends along the way. He passed away in 1995.

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith inspires my grandfather and sets up an airline

Smithy had died in 1935, but had gone on from his recordsetting flights to establish Australian National Airways in 1929. This was one of Australia’s first early airlines. It had five identical Avro 618-Ten aircraft, very similar to the Southern Cross that Smithy and crew had flown across the Pacific and the Tasman. The airline offered daily services between Sydney and Brisbane, and a five-hour daily trip between Sydney and Melbourne. The Sydney to Melbourne fare, which included “first class motor transportation to and from both aerodromes”, was £9/13 one way. That’s A$755.00 in today’s money.

After his epic record-setting world-first flight across the Pacific Ocean in 1928, Sir Charles Kingsford Smith made a worldfirst flight from Australia to New Zealand.

My grandfather grew up in New Zealand, and once told me of his clear memory of “going out to Wigram field to watch Smithy land”. His sister, my great aunt, remembers that day too. It was September 1928. My grandfather was six years old and from that moment he was hooked on the idea of learning to fly.

The Mystery of the Southern Cloud On 21 March 1931 the Southern Cloud set off for Melbourne from Mascot Aerodrome in Sydney, which is now Sydney’s Kingsford Smith International Airport. The pilot, Travis “Shorty” Shortridge, had flown combat missions in World War I, just like Smithy. He had a co-pilot and six passengers.

Before they left, the pilots checked the weather forecast. It looked okay. But after they took off, the forecast changed,

Author’s Grandfather, RAAF flight school approx.1942. The plane is a De Havilland Tiger Moth. Photo supplied.

60

Passengers boarding the Southern Cloud. Image source unknown.

H i sto r y

and a terrible storm was predicted over the Snowy Mountains, right in the Southern Cloud’s flight path. Because the plane didn’t carry a radio, there was no way to warn the pilot. He was on his own.

The Southern Cloud never arrived at Melbourne. What happened?

The Snowy Mountains were a formidable obstacle in the late 1920s, when aeroplanes, especially loaded with passengers, Southern Cloud over Sydney luggage and cargo, flew Harbour Bridge, approx. 1931. slow and low.

The range lies Photo Courtesy Barry John exactly between Sydney Stevens. and Melbourne. There are several peaks reaching over 2,000 meters, and the area is well known for its unpredictable and intense storms. Yon and I were there on New Year’s Eve in 1999 – the middle of the Australian summer – and after a beautiful, blue sky day, we ended up having to camp out in extremely strong winds, hail and snow. The next morning, there were wind-blown icicles on the ropes.

In August that year, in the middle of winter, four snowboarders had hiked out onto the main range with an early forecast of a “fine day with no chance of snow and a minimum temperature of -6 [degrees centigrade] “. By noon that day, they were battling strong winds up to 100 km/h, snow, and a wind-chill of -20C. Stuck in a four-day storm, they died in their snow cave and weren’t found until the spring. If the storm on 21 March 1929 was anything like those two 70 years later, then the Southern Cloud was probably doomed.

After the Southern Cloud disappeared, it was concluded that the plane had not been able to get through the storm.

The plane’s top speed was only 160km/h, so with winds up to 150km/h it is possible the plane made no headway at all.

There was some speculation it may have even been hurled backwards. It would have been tossed and thrown about in the turbulent air, and the pilot may have flown lower to try to get under the clouds. Because of the powerful winds, though, he may not have realised how slowly he was flying, and may not have known he was still over the high peaks of the Snowy Mountains. Perhaps he’d taken his machine down, thinking he was close to Melbourne’s lower terrain instead of still high up in the Snowies’ rugged heights.

The Crash Site On 26 October 1958, a worker on the Snowy Hydro-electric Scheme named Tom Sonter was bushwalking on his day off. Near the little dam at Deep Creek, he came across the twisted wreck of a plane, and found some skeletons too. The mystery was finally solved.

Aircrew and passengers of the Southern Cloud. Photo supplied.

Reaching the crash site is quite difficult. I did it in January 2011, not too long after huge bushfires ripped through these mountains. It may look different today. It’s an easy walk in from the head of a fire trail on the Tooma Road, which runs from the tiny town of Cabramurra across the mountains to Khancoban.

But the last 300 meters of the walk is exceptionally difficult.

It runs along the contour from a small water catchment on Shortridge Creek (named for the pilot).

The general area of the crash site is a west-facing slope, heavily wooded, with an open area that was burned out in recent bushfires (probably the disastrous fires of 2003). The area is extremely rugged, quite remote, and aptly named the “Worlds End”. Worlds End and Shortridge Creek hide the wreck of the Southern Cloud - 35° 59.967 S, 148° 19.775 E.

Not far from Mt Jagungal, over 2,000 metres high, the Southern Cloud flew straight into the side of a steep mountain ridge. It would not be found until 1958. Photo supplied.

Getting from that small water catchment (which directs Shortridge Creek into an underground aqueduct) calls for a bit of strenuous bush-bashing. We hauled ourselves over wet, charcoal-caked tree trunks that had fallen haphazardly through the undergrowth, and squeezed between lush, green 61

Hist ory

General area of the crash site – very rugged and remote.

Photo supplied. year in Malaya, and the airline closed down.

But two strong recommendations from the crash inquiry were implemented, leading to a dramatic increase in aviation safety in Australia. All planes were required to carry radios, and weather forecasting was improved.

Memorial near the location of the crash site. Photo supplied.

new-growth eucalypts and native shrubs. It was hard work, wet work, and hot work.

In the small country town of Cooma, the main commercial centre of the Snowy Mountains region, we stopped at the memorial to the Southern Cloud. A typical 1960s countryAustralia design, the memorial contains recovered engines and parts from the plane, and a neat press-button audio commentary. Two weeks before we did this trip, I stopped in at Cooma’s cemetery. A group grave lies there with the remains of all the people who died in the crash. A quiet grave under big trees, blowing in the breeze, not unlike the grave of their aeroplane, the little Southern Cloud, which will slowly rust away at the World’s End. www.journeysetc.com/wreckage-of-the-southern-cloud/

My route notes said we should strike out from the water catchment, along the same contour, and after two or three hundred meters we’d hit the wreck. We did this, and really struggled, but eventually we hit the path. It was only marginally easier walking along that path, but I was very glad we found it, because when we suddenly arrived at the crash site, it was clear we would have missed it completely unless we’d smacked right into it.

It was a quiet little place, miles from anywhere. Hopefully everyone died quickly in the crash, because in 1931 this really was the World’s End. Until the Snowy hydro scheme in the 1950s, the nearest road would have been many, many days’ difficult hiking. Without food, with little water, and with injuries from a crash, it would have been impossible to find help.

Smithy and many other pilots flew back and forth across the mountains searching for their lost plane, but to no avail. Sadly, for Smithy, Australian National Airways lost another plane that 62

Aircraft pieces at the Cooma Memorial, NSW. Photo supplied.

H i sto r y

The Southern Cloud Memorial, Cooma NSW. Photo supplied.

• The Southern Cloud was one of five Avro 618 Ten, threeengined aircraft flying daily airline services between Australian cities for Australian National Airways in the early 1930s.

• On 21 March 1931, the Southern Cloud departed from Sydney for Melbourne. On board were six passengers and two crew. Weather conditions on route were hazardous. The aircraft never reached its destination and disappeared.

One of the Southern Cloud’s three Armstrong Siddely Lynx engines. Photo supplied.

• The search for the missing aircraft lasted 18 days and involved over 20 aircraft. No trace of the missing aircraft was found until 27 years later – October 1958.

Investigations concluded severe weather conditions most likely contributed to the crash.

• It was Australia’s first major airline disaster. Australian National Airways folded later that year as a result of this and another loss.

63

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Fe a tu r e

Air base handover in Middle East a historic moment The former home of the Australian Defence Force’s air operations in the Middle East has been handed over to the United States Air Force.

The transfer of Camp McNamara VC, which was established six years ago as a critical launch point in the fight against Da’esh, was formally recognised with a ceremony on October 16 following the final rotation of RAAF aircraft on September 9.

Commander Joint Task Force 633 Major General Susan Coyle said the closing of the camp marked a historic moment for the ADF. “Through the deployment of F/A-18 Hornets and F/A-18F Super Hornets to the final rotation of the E7 Wedgetail and KC-30A Tanker, Camp McNamara provided a critical hub for airborne operations,” Major General Coyle said.

“We still have embedded staff within our US-led coalition headquarters, however, with the handover of the facility, we finish another proud chapter in Australia’s operational history in the Middle East.

“That history has consistently been underwritten by the dedication and professionalism of the personnel who deployed to serve, and their families who enabled this to occur.”

Squadron Leader Kevin Lee was the last commander of Camp McNamara VC and the detachment commander in charge of the retrograde operation to return the base to its original condition.

He said dismantling the well established facility required detailed planning.

“All up, the planning was conducted over the month of August, and involved four task groups," he said.

The 29-person team prepared about 73 tonnes of stores and equipment − from tow-motors and water trucks, to ground power units and generators − and about 20 tonnes of aircraft spare parts for return to Australia.

Squadron Leader Lee said the task was not simple.

“The dynamic nature of supporting concurrent operations while setting the

condition for a retrograde operation was challenging in the initial phases,” he said.

“Added to this were the intricacies of coordinating elements from across different forces coupled with limited capabilities in Camp McNamara.

“It was challenging, but my team, affectionately known as ‘The A Team’, was highly motivated and took it all in their stride.”

Squadron Leader Lee said the Camp McNamara site would always be a small part of Australia. “ We h a v e b u i l t a n a w e s o m e reputation as professional air power, not only with our coalition partners, but also across the Middle East,” he said.

“The close working relationships we fostered with our coalition allies, in particular with the United States Air Force, reinforced our reputation as a professional and trusted partner.

“As the last commander of Camp McNamara VC, I am immensely proud of what we have achieved.”

Defence images

Leading Aircraftwoman Haley Adams lowers the Australian national flag at the closing ceremony.

United States Air Force personnel work with the Expeditionary Airbase Operations Unit.

Corporal Christiaan Forrest works with United States Air Force personnel to retrograde the ADF’s Camp McNamara.

65

A ir F orce Cad ets

Glider pilot and Gold Award recipient Tharane Thamodarar At Adelaide Town Hall in October, Tharane Thamodarar received a special certificate from the Governor of South Australia – recognising her completion of the Gold Award of the Duke of Edinburgh’s International Award.

Tharane Thamodarar is now a civilian instructor in the Australian Air Force Cadets with No 604 Squadron (Hampstead Barracks, SA).

Tharane is a former Cadet and, notably, one of a select few who have flown their first solo flight in a glider.

She conducted most of her training in the DG1000S soaring sailplane operated by No 906 Aviation Training Squadron of the AAFC, as she rose through the ranks to become a Cadet Flight Sergeant.

Tharane spoke to the Public Affairs Officer for Aviation Operations Wing, Flying Officer (AAFC) Paul Rosenzweig, about her flying career to date.

“As a Leading Cadet, I was selected to undertake flying training with the AAFC under a scholarship, and I flew from Stonefield, Gawler and Balaklava airfields,” Tharane said.

“On 14 March this year I flew my first solo flight at Gawler Airfield with the Adelaide Soaring Club after some additional training in transferring back to aerotow and respective procedures.

“My flying in the AAFC and with

Tharane Thamodarar receives her Duke of Edinburgh’s International Award Gold Award certificate at Adelaide Town Hall from Governor of South Australia Hieu Van Le. Image courtesy of The Duke of Edinburgh’s International Award – South Australia.

Adelaide Soaring Club helped me learn from different instructors and gain experience in different environments and aircraft.”

As a Cadet, Tharane held roles such as recruit flight commander and assistant training officer.

Throughout her AAFC career she earned the Individual Proficiency Badge and the Gold Rifle badge for firearms safety training.

She also completed the requirements for the Bronze Award and then the Gold

Leading Cadet Tharane Thamodarar during a weekend training activity at Gawler Airfield.

Photo by Flying Officer (AAFC) Paul Rosenzweig.

66

Award of the Duke of Edinburgh’s International Award.

The Duke of Edinburgh Award is an enriching program in which young people aged 14 to 25 participate in a number of activities and non-formal education over a set length of time to qualify for Bronze, Silver and Gold Awards. Each level is progressively more challenging.

The Award was founded in 1956 by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

It now operates in more than 130 countries and territories across the globe, helping 14-24 year olds to become committed, responsible and fulfilled citizens of the world – to become world ready.

Tharane’s efforts to improve her knowledge and ability in aviation contributed to the skills section of her Gold Award.

The Gold Award takes particular commitment, perseverance and focus.

Congratulations Tharane on achieving this prestigious award through your service with the Australian Air Force Cadets. contactairlandandsea.com

A i r F o rce C a d e ts

Freedom of City for 325 Squadron-City of Goulburn

One of Goulburn's longest-running youth organisations will have its Freedom of the City reaffirmed.

The 325 (City of Goulburn) Squadron Australian Air Force Cadets is seeking to add 'City of Goulburn' to its revamped unit banner (paraded on official occasions such as ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day) and its squadron patch (worn by cadets on their uniforms).

"This reflects the Freedom of Entry that we've always assumed has continued on from whenever it was initially granted," Admin Officer Lt Brad Lochrin said.

The Freedom of Entry is the highest mark of trust and confidence a city can give. The squadron, formed in the 1940s, apparently received the honour decades ago, but the paper trail had been lost after various moves and name changes in the last 80 years, Lt Lochrin explained.

While submitting their approval to the Chief of Air Force to redesign their banner and patch, Lt Lochrin said the Squadron were unable to find written records of the honour, or anyone with living memory of when the Freedom was granted.

Goulburn Mulwaree Council unanimously approved their request at the ordinary council meeting in October.

An official welcome and civic reception will be arranged.

Mayor Bob Kirk said: "I am looking forward to setting an occasion in place to reinstitute this honour."

This will be the first time Mr Kirk has bestowed the honour.

"This little tradition would have been lost had this squadron leader not

taken it upon himself to write and seek permission to use the title in the name," the Mayor said.

The Squadron seeks to instill discipline, leadership, and a desire towards the aerospace industry in young people. It was formed in 1942, as 46 Squadron, Air Training Corp (Royal Australian Air Force), and rebranded as 25 (City of Goulburn) Flight, Air Training Corp (AIRTC) in 1954.

Since mediaeval times, Lt Lochrin explained, military units have carried banners as an identification symbol.

The Goulburn Squadron's design depicts the War Memorial; a rose for the city of roses; a band representing its association with and support from the Police Academy; and the Southern Cross.

"It is a traditional recognition of our unit, and a source of pride," Lt Lochrin said. "This is who we are; this is our identity; this is what we stand for."

Nicholas Fuller Goulburn News

RAAF Townsville throws support behind young civil pilots Royal Australian Air Force Air Traffic controllers from Townsville have started a program of engagement with young and inexperienced pilots operating in the region.

Personnel from 452 Squadron (ATC), which provides air traffic services to the airport, have introduced certificate ceremonies for civilian student pilots, with the first one conducted in September for students who had achieved their first solo flight.

Squadron Leader Adam Wilson, Operations Commander of 452 Squadron, said they hoped engaging with young pilots in particular would foster better relationships with ATC. “Generally speaking, student and inexperienced pilots can often be apprehensive about air traffic control and may be a little reluctant to tell controllers when they are unsure about the instructions given or are having difficulties flying the aircraft. This

can lead to aviation safety Defence image. occurrences,” Squadron Leader Wilson said.

“Developing a positive relationship between pilots, particularly students and air traffic control, has proven effective in encouraging pilots to notify if they are unsure or in need of assistance.

“It improves general aviation safety."

As part of Surveillance and Response Group’s No. 44 Wing, including charter companies, flight 452 Squadron provides air traffic control training organisations and skydive services to military and civilian aircraft, operators. The airport caters for 64,000 supporting air movements at Townsville movements per year, of which only 8000 International Airport and within the are military.

The RAAF air traffic controllers said designated regional airspace. the event would be the first of many Townsville Airport houses not only to continue their partnership with local RAAF Garbutt, but also has a busy flying schools. civil Regular Public Transport (RPT) service and general aviation operators www.australianflying.com.au 67

On T h e Rad ar

such as defence executives, Indigenous and female leaders, students, scientists, technicians and academics.

Aviation Safety Seminar

The awards are open to all businesses operating in Australia supporting the defence supply chain and have become a coveted accolade for organisations and professionals seeking to forge their role in the defence industry.

Naracoorte Aerodrome, South Australia 19 November (18:00-20:30) www.casa.gov.au CASA Aviation Safety Advisors will be delivering a new AvSafety seminar in 2020 titled “Weather to fly” This seminar will discuss three key safety topics • Dangers of flying into IMC as a VFR pilot • Flight Planning • En route decision making

Drone Registration Starts

The seminar will focus on pilot decision making behaviour in the face of adverse weather. The presentation will look at the dangers of flying into IMC as a VFR pilot and focuses on ways of preventing it happening through good flight planning and en route decision making. The information is designed to enhance and refresh pilots knowledge at all levels.

A registration and accreditation scheme for commercial drone owners and operators begins from 30 September 2020. The scheme covers all remotely piloted aircraft – better known as drones – flown for work, research, training and community service.

The seminar will review the resources available and provide practical hints and tips to help pilots operate safely and efficiently.

The seminars are an ideal opportunity for industry to interact with CASA, discuss local issues and ask questions of the regulator. Help make the Skies safe for all, attend a CASA AvSafety seminar in 2020.

www.casa.gov.au

It means registration and accreditation is required for all drone operations other than sport or recreation. Operator accreditation will be required for anyone flying a drone under the sub two kilogram or flying over your own land excluded category unless they hold a remote pilot licence. Accreditation provides evidence of knowledge of the drone safety rules and will be delivered via online education and a quiz. Both registration and accreditation will be completed using the myCASA online portal.

Registration will be free of charge for drones registered before 30 June 2021 and valid for 12 months. Accreditation is free and valid for three years. Drone registration and accreditation for people flying drones for recreation and sport is scheduled to be introduced in 2022.

Defence Connect Australian Defence Industry Awards

20 November, Canberra www.defenceconnect.com.au/australian-defenceindustry-awards/ The Defence Connect Australian Defence Industry Awards were created to reflect the comprehensive role of the defence industry as a fundamental input to Australia’s capability.

Recognising leading professionals and businesses, rather than products and platforms, the Australian Defence Industry Awards universally acknowledges all defence industry stakeholders – from our primes, SMEs, academic institutions and associations, through to high-performing individuals 68

ADM Space Summit

Hyatt Hotel, Canberra, ACT 02 December www.admevents.com.au/adm-space-summit This summit will focus on the Australian Government’s continuing aim to develop an internationally competitive space sector. The conference will hear form Government,

O n Th e R a d a r

researchers, Defence and industry as they consider expansion, development and growth of space industry across Australia.

• Tailor make your agenda utilising 20+ hours of content across 4 streams; • Debate the latest trends and re-write the rules of our industry together. … interact and connect: • Meet, interact and engage virtually for an entire month; • Take advantage of small group breakouts and 1:1 networking; • Access live Q&A, as well as polling and audience interaction; • Host exclusive roundtables.

Global Symposium on the Implementation of Innovation in Aviation 08-11 December www.icao.int

This year the ICAO Innovation Symposium will be an online event. The main event will be from 08 to 11 December and be held in three separate time zones - Eastern Standard Time, Central European Standard Time and UTC +7. In the lead up to the main event ICAO will run a series of Innovation themed webinars on ICAOtv. • To identify innovations in aviation that can help “deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the sky” • To identify innovations that can help solve problems faced by aviation regulators, and • To help guide the implementation of innovations in aviation.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency, established in 1944 to manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

Centre for Aviation Virtual Event- ‘CAPA Live’

CAPA Live will bring together a large global audience watching live on the second Wednesday of each month. The first event was on 14-Oct-2020 and will continue throughout 2020 and 2021. The content will be available on demand and CAPA will introduce a subscription-based model for viewers to gain access to each monthly instalment.

Chat@6 with Women in A/AA 10 December (18:00-19:30) www.aviationaerospace.org.au

Chat@6 with Women in A/AA - Elizabeth (Libby) Bakewell | Human Factors Specialist, Course Facilitator and Aviation Auditor

09 December www.capalive.capaevents.com/home

Women in A/AA is thrilled to have Libby as our guest speaker at our upcoming event! The evenings focus will be - The Toxic Trifector; Interacting risks that often contribute to safety breaches, increased risk and incidents.

At a time when the aviation industry is searching for up-tothe-minute market intelligence, news, trend analysis and thought leadership, CAPA - Centre for Aviation will deliver a monthly virtual “Summit”, jam-packed with information, data and live interviews. CAPA experts, global airline CEOs and other cutting-edge industry leaders will be presenting live from a next-gen virtual event platform.

Chat@6 with Women in A/AA gives you an opportunity to virtually connect with an aviation/aerospace leader in an online environment. Grab your favourite drink and listen from the comfort of your own home, as Libby talks about her experiences as she's taken on even more responsible positions, and ask Libby the questions you often don’t get the chance to in more formal settings.

A guaranteed monthly platform for industry to …

Who is invited

… inform and inspire: • Hear from airline and aviation executives on plans for adaptation; • Leverage CAPA’s expert analysts and access recovery projections; • Access industry partners insights as well support measures and innovations for the industry; • Industry gurus and specialists, to share unique perspectives on what will happen next;

In the spirit of keeping everyone connected, A/AA would like to extend complimentary attendance to all, not limited to our members. So if you’re in the industry or keen to be a part of it, join our Chat@6with Women in A/AA series.

How to join Chat@6 with Women in A/AA This event will be accessed online. Details will be emailed upon registration. If you need further information please contact us at events@aviationaerospace.org.au 69

F eat ure

STEP BACK IN TIME: DARWIN AVIATION MUSEUM The Darwin Aviation Museum, formerly known as the Australian Aviation Heritage Centre, is home to one of the largest collections of aircraft and aviation artefacts in Australia, attracting over 30,000 tourists each year In particular, the Museum houses an impressive collection of the Territory’s history, including The Bombing of Darwin and Japanese air raids of 1942-43 The Museum is the commercial arm of the Aviation Historical Society of the Northern Territory, a not-for-profit organisation established in 1976 by enthusiasts seeking to preserve aviation artefacts after the aftermath of Cyclone Tracey. Later, the Society’s objective broadened to include exploration and documentation of World War II crash sites, and preservation and restoration of aviation artefacts

After negotiations with United States Air Force and the Northern Territory Government in 1980s to obtain a surplus USAF Boeing B-52G Strato-fortress bomber, the Museum was relocated to a larger premise in Winnellie and opened to public on 2 June 1990. Prior, the Museum was based in The Gardens since 1988.

The Museum is open every day from 9am to 5pm.

What’s on display at Darwin Aviation Museum The Museum hosts an incredible presentation, including 19 Civil and Military Aircraft, including B-25 Mitchell Bomber (one of the few surviving in the world with a World War Two combat history), a replica Spitfire, Mirage, Avon

Photos supp

lied

Sabre, a Royal Australian Navy Wessex helicopter that assisted in the clean-up of Darwin after Cyclone Tracy, F-111C, legendary B52 Bomber and latest exhibit, AP-3C Orion.

They also house 21 engines and relics of crashed aircraft, including Pratt & Whitney Wasp and Twin Wasp, Rolls Royce Merlin, Derwent, Avon and Allison V-1710 engines.

Travellers can also view Darwin’s aviation history and wartime experience, with the Museum displaying the only known colour footage of the first air-raid in Darwin as well as displays of Vickers Vimy in 1919 and Amy Johnson’s solo flight to Australia in 1930.

History of aviation in Darwin 10 December 1919: In 1919, Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes offered a £10 000 prize from the Australian Government for the first flight from England to Australia in under 30 days, dubbed ‘The Great Race’. This was won by Vickers Vimy, G-EAOU, flown by Captain Ross Smith and his team that landed at Fannie Bay on Darwin’s outskirts, after taking 27 days and 20 hours and enduring freezing conditions. This paved a new era for Darwin and the Territory, where Australia led the world in long distance pioneering aviation.

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Fe a tu r e

1920s and 1930s Many record breakers, who pioneered new routes, all passed through Darwin.

22 February 1928 Bert Hinkler flew the first solo flight between England and Australia, smashing the Smith brothers’ record with 15 days.

4 May 1930 Amy Johnson became the first female pilot to fly alone, over 18,000 kilometres, from Britain to Australia.

In the Territory, Keith Langsford Smith, Harold Shepherdson, Vic Pederson, Eddie Connellan and its own flying doctor, Clyde Fenton led aviation in remote regions, leading to development of airfields outback communities and at major centres, which are still running today.

World War II, 1942-1943 Darwin was an important Allied Base for the defence of Netherland East Indies and became a city shaped by war.

The Bombing of Darwin, 19 February 1942 This was largest single attack ever mounted by a foreign power, resulting in the deaths of over 200 victims.

Japanese carrier aircrafts including Aichi D3A1 Vals and Nakajima B5N2 Kates dropped 82.550 kilograms of bombs in the first raid, and Mitsubishi G4M1 Bettys and Mitsubishi G3M2 Nells dropped a further 32.050 kilograms of bombs in the noon raid on the RAAF Station. The total number of bombs dropped was two-and-a-half times that dropped at Pearl Harbour, and 83 per cent of the tonnage unloaded at Pearl Harbour on 7 December 1941.

The wreckage of the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero fighter shot down is currently on display at Darwin Aviation Museum.

Post-World War II Qantas used Darwin as a base for overnight stops for their Constellation aircraft flying the Kangaroo route to London. However, developments in technology saw the Territory otherwise isolated from international aviation.

December 1974 Cyclone Tracy was one of Australia’s worst natural disasters, killing at least 66 people and rendering 30,000 Territorians homeless. Aviation played a vital role in evacuations, communications and relief efforts, with one Boeing 747 flight had a record-breaking 674 people on board.

Opening Times Daily from 9am-5pm Entry: Adults-$16 |Children-from $8 Pensioners-$12 | Family-$36 Children under 5 free Facilities: Carpark, Coach Parking, Interpretive Centre, Public Toilet Accessibility: Caters for people with sufficient mobility to climb a few steps but would benefit from fixtures to aid balance. Caters for wheelchairs.

557 Stuart Highway, Winnellie Northern Territory.

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AAP -0 1 _NC 20

A Catholic School in the Edmund Rice Tradition CRICOS Provider No. 00572G. Trustees of Edmund Rice Education Australia.

Bo o ks

AT ANY PRICE The Anzacs in the Battle of Messines 1917 Author: Craig Deayton Big Sky Publishing Pages: 324, in hardback RRP: $34.99 ISBN: 9781925520514

The Battle of Messines was an attack by the British Second Army on the Western Front during WWI in June 1917, near Ypres, Belgium. More than one million pounds of explosive were detonated under German front line positions, forcing enemy positions to withdraw from the battlefront. Messines

FORT STREET FIGHTER PILOT The True Story of Ron Adair Foundation Member of 1 Squadron Australian Flying Corps Author: Lex McAulay Banner Books Pages: 139, in paperback RRP: $10.00 – enquiries, Maryborough Military Aviation Museum QLD ASIN: B07RB832TJ

The Australian Flying Corps, ancestor of the RAAF, was established in 1912. AFC units were formed for service overseas alongside the

was the first time Australians and New Zealanders had fought side by side since the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign.

The Battle embodied tactical success through careful planning and overwhelming f i r e p o w e r. T h e A n z a c s suffered 13,500 casualties from 26,000 recorded. Two Australian Victoria Crosses were awarded from the Battle of Messines. The Germans sustained an equivalent number of casualties. The Battle of Messines was the most complete success of any major attack by the Allies on the Western Front. At Any Price delivers a comprehensive and thought-provoking account of this significant battle.

Incorporated are a diverse range of historical photos and campaign maps, clearly illustrating conditions of the time, enabling readers to better understand circumstances of the Battle. Well worth a read.

Australian Imperial Force during World War I. Operations occurred in Mesopotamia and later action in Palestine and France. Fort Street Fighter Pilot details Ron Adair ’s wartime experiences with 1 Squadron AFC. Ron was from Maryborough, Queensland, and joined the AFC in 1916 at 22 years of age as a machinist, reclassified as an air mechanic and completed pilot training in 1918. He was involved in many reconnaissance and escort missions and saw action in the Middle East, flying a Bristol Fighter. Fort Street Fighter Pilot provides an in-depth account of the conditions at the time and the missions Ron was involved in, recounting details sourced from 1 Squadron AFC war diaries, including reproduction of various historical images from the AWM Collection.

A captivating account of an Australian aviator who played a significant role during the early formative years of the AFC.

ARMAGEDDON AND OKRA Australia’s air operations in the Middle East a Century Apart Author: Lewis Frederickson Big Sky Publishing Pages: 224, in paperback RRP: $19.99 ISBN: 9781922387554

Conflict in the Middle East and involvement by Australian led forces have a long and enduring history.

Armageddon and Okra is the first in an air campaign series, analysing and contrasting

THE KOREAN KID A young Australian pilot’s baptism of fire in the jet fighter age Author: Rochelle Nicholls Big Sky Publishing Pages: 340, in paperback RRP: $29.99 ISBN: 9781922387042

The Korean War began in June 1950 – it was the first military action post World War II. Australia was part of a United Nations multinational force, defending South Korea from the Communist North.

The Korean Kid narrates

the effects and evolution of air power during two key phases in military history – Australian Flying Corps operations during the Battle of Armageddon in 1918 and the RAAF’s role in Operation OKRA from 2014 onwards. Of great interest are the photos and diagrams, regional maps, aircraft specifications, statistics and personalised accounts from these two periods. This volume is well laid out, with considerable exploration, attention to detail and discussion around the facts and figures, making it a valued resource for air power enthusiasts, students and researchers.

As the RAAF moves toward celebrating 100 years in 2021, Armageddon and OKRA is a must have for any military history collection.

I look forward to the next volume. the life of Jim Kichenside growing up in Marrickville, Sydney, during the Great Depression. His dream of flying, fuelled by observing aircraft at Mascot airport near his home. At age 19, Jim traded his accountancy traineeship to join the RAAF. After 8 hours of instruction on the Gloster Meteor, he would fly with 77 Squadron in Korea against an enemy of superior air power. Jim came to be known as The Korean Kid, acknowledging 50 successful missions and his status as the youngest pilot in the Squadron. He would later command the RAAF Antarctic Flight and do service in South East Asia. The Korean Kid is a well written, engaging and inspirational account of the life of Jim Kichenside. Add this to your reading list.

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FAMILIES LIVING SEPARATELY DEFENCE COMMUNITY ORGANISATION Members with dependents unaccompanied Sometimes, when a military member is posted, families may choose to remain in their current location while the military member moves alone to their new posting. When families choose to live apart in this way, it is called “Member With Dependents Unaccompanied” and is often referred to by the military as “MWDU” or “MWD(U)”.

Families choose this option for a range of reasons that support family stability. For example, “going MWDU” allows partners to keep their current job, children to stay at their school, and family members to maintain consistent access to healthcare.

Choosing to go MWDU is an important family decision.

Families should research the new posting location and discuss the implications of living apart and its possible affect on each family member before coming to a decision.

The polices governing MWDU and its accompanying entitlements are described in Chapter 8 of Defence’s Pay and Conditions Manual. You should read this chapter thoroughly before choosing to go MWDU.

Some things to consider before deciding to go MWDU

The vital element to successfully living as a separated family is the quality of your relationship, and couples who interact more positively have stronger relationships.

Families thinking about MWDU should place a high priority on frequent, consistent and high quality communication, and it’s essential that the family develop a shared sense of purpose.

Some ideas you may wish to consider when discussing MWDU include: • Get together with the whole family and discuss why you’re considering going MWDU. Have a solid understanding of the reason and purpose for this choice.

• Together, research the new posting location and discuss the implications of living apart and its possible affect on each family member before coming to a decision.

• Discuss and plan how you want to communicate with each other while MWDU. Planning to share everyday details of life, the highlights, lowlights and the mundane, are

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R e l o ca ti o n

important building blocks in maintaining family intimacy.

• Work to understand and respect each other’s perception of purpose—don’t assume you each view the separation in the same way.

• Be aware of not placing greater value on the member’s role at the cost of the ‘stay at home’ partner.

• Plan in case things go wrong. Openly discuss areas of potential difficulty and brainstorm ways of dealing with them.

• Work through the ‘talking points’ worksheet together as a family as you discuss MWDU as an option.

Sharing emotional issues

Sharing emotions serves an important function. When you share emotions, it makes them feel less intense. It helps you connect with others and can help you feel less isolated.

temperaments, likes and dislikes?

Respect and understanding are essential— remember, each of you will perceive the situation quite differently.

Because people are relatively adaptable once they know what they’re facing, it’s important that you explore as many angles as possible, so that you can become familiar with and adapt to what may lie ahead.

Supporting children

Communicating truthfully and openly with your children about the reasons your military member may live apart from the rest of the family is important to help them understand and cope with a parent being away.

If you avoid talking about emotions and problems it will often make the feelings more intense and problems worse.

If possible, prepare your child for what is going to happen in advance, explaining clearly where, why and for how long their parent is going away. This helps dispel uncertainties and fears, or any belief that the separation is their fault.

Here are some questions to keep in mind when you and your family are discussing

Encourage children to express their feelings, perhaps by sharing some of your own feelings and thoughts.

MWDU: • Why are we doing this?

• Who does it involve?

• When will we evaluate how we are doing?

• What if it does not work? What options do we have?

• When will it finish?

• What challenges do we foresee based on our personalities,

Older children can be involved in the planning, and may want to work through the discussion points with you. They can help figure out new roles and responsibilities during their military parent’s absence.

Keep the usual rules, expectations and discipline in place in the parent’s absence, but establish the new routines and responsibilities as soon as possible.

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Reloc atio n

St Anthony’s Catholic College: a Vibrant Learning Community

Situated in the growth corridor of the Northern Beaches area of Townsville, St Anthony’s Catholic College offers Catholic Education in the Franciscan Tradition. We are proud of our “Let Your Light Shine” credo. Our students are encouraged to “Show Franciscan Spirit”, “Help and Respect”, “Invest in Learning”, “Never Give Up” and “Ensure Safety.”

College initiatives enable students in their endeavours, and support Defence Force families. Our Defence Transition Mentor (DTM) program has been operating at the College for several years and offers service to defence families who may be relocating to Townsville as well as offering ongoing support to students whose parents may be on active deployment.

Mrs Sharon Welham is the College DTM and she

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works across both the primary campus and secondary campus. If you would like any further information about the Defence Transition Mentor program please e-mail Sharon at swelham@sacc.catholic.edu.au or phone 07 4751 7300.

Other services offered by the College include access to a qualified psychologist and guidance counsellor, College Chaplain and the reassurance that St Anthony’s, K - 6, Padua Campus is a KidsMatter school. The services and programmes offered on the Padua Campus demonstrate our commitment to the pastoral care of the community and concern for the wellbeing of individual students. In addition to this, recent investments in junior classrooms has established state of the art learning facilities in prep and Yr 1. Students in Yr 5 & 6 attend an annual camp to Charters Towers and the Catholic Education Environment Centre at Paluma, respectively.

From Yr 7 to 12, House Guardians monitor student academic progress and pastoral well-being. The House Guardians liaise with the teachers to ensure students are adequately supported in their studies and have access to any necessary support services. The campus learning enrichment team engage with students who require additional support.

If you are embarking on a transfer to the Townsville area consider St Anthony’s Catholic College for your family. For a tour of the College or for enrolment enquiries, contact Vicki Jago on (07) 4751 7300.

R e l o ca ti o n

Encourage your children to keep a record of what’s going on in their lives through art, photos, stories, scrapbooks or podcasts which they can share with their parent.

Remember, children are often unable to articulate their feelings and thoughts as adults do. If they are having trouble dealing with stress and changes during parent absence, it will often present in their behaviour or in health complaints.

Some notes on change and transition

Family Helpline on 1800 624 608.

All-hours Defence Family Helpline

Defence families can contact the all hours Defence Family Helpline on 1800 624 608 at any time to discuss MWDU. The Helpline is staffed by qualified human services professionals, including social workers and psychologists, who can provide you with support, advice and information.

Change is a process: relocating, moving house, acquiring a new boss, a promotion, losing a job, having a baby, losing a loved one. Change is generally tangible and observable, and you can usually identify the point in time when it occurred.

Professional support

Transition is the process of letting go of the way things used to be and then taking hold of the way they become.

Emergency support

This can be a period of confusion, yet it is a natural process of disorientation and reorientation marking the turning points in the path of growth. Perhaps it is an acceptance that you are in a process of transition and that it carries with it natural feelings of confusion and displacement.

It is important not to take the disorientation on as your identity, but rather as a phase in life on the path to accepting the change.

Realising that it is not necessarily the change itself that may be difficult, but rather the process of taking hold of and embracing the new. The paradox is that the very things we wish we could hold on to and keep the same, were originally produced by change.

If needed, DCO can supply short-term casework and counselling services from social workers to help you through any difficulties.

If an emergency or crisis occurs when an ADF member is away from home, the family may access practical assistance and emergency support. We also offer support in times of injury, illness or bereavement.

Stress management and building resilience DCO runs a suite of local programs called FamilySMART, TeenSMART and KidSMART. The SMART sessions help you identify and build on your strengths, learn techniques to cope with the challenges of military life like deployment, and become more resilient, positive and self-reliant.

For any queries or to sign up for a SMART program, contact the Defence Family Helpline on 1800 624 608.

Resources, further reading, and where to get help

The Australian Defence Force provides a support system for families who decide to go MWDU. Chapter 8 of Defence’s pay and conditions manual contains information on separation allowances and accommodation allowances as well.

Defence Community Organisation’s website has a range of information, advice and resources for military families, particularly those experiencing deployment and family member absence.

There are resources for parents with tips and information about guiding children through parental absence, from very young children to teenagers.

These include the Deployment Support Booklet, and the Don’t Forget it’s Bin Night and Going Solo DVDs. The DVDs are a great resource to watch as a family, and can be a useful tool for starting a discussion about what parental absence will mean for you.

DCO has a range of children’s books which are designed to help younger children understand more about the military lifestyle and develop coping strategies for parental absence.

These free resources are available for order from the Defence

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Tr a n si ti o n

Better transition outcomes for veterans Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel transitioning from military to civilian life will be better supported with $17.7 million provided for the establishment of the Joint Transition Authority (JTA) as announced in the 2020–21 Budget.

Minister for Veterans’ Affairs and Minister for Defence Personnel Darren Chester said all ADF personnel make this transition at some point in their career, and supporting their ongoing health and wellbeing is a priority for the Australian Government.

“Transitioning from the ADF is a significant life event and we want to ensure it can be made as smooth as possible. The JTA will ensure ADF members and their families are prepared and supported through transition from military to civilian life,” Mr Chester said.

“The Government has recognised the importance of getting the transition right for ADF personnel and their families, and the JTA builds on improvements made to the transition system in recent years.”

Since 2017, Defence has significantly improved transition and now all ADF members with at least one day of permanent service can access comprehensive support for up to 24 months after they leave.

Support is based on individual needs, and additional support is provided to younger, at-risk members and those transitioning medically with complex needs.

The Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) also has Veterans Support Officers located on more than 55 Defence bases across Australia, offering face-to-face, personalised advice to support members with their transition to civilian life, such as assistance

registering with DVA or advice on available pathways to additional support or help with entitlements.

“Since 2016, ADF personnel who have joined or transitioned from Defence are automatically registered with DVA and provided with a Veteran White Card, providing access to a fully-funded comprehensive health assessment every year for five years and access to free mental health care for the rest of their lives,” Mr Chester said.

“The JTA will build on these improvements to ensure all transition services and support mechanisms are working together for the benefit of transitioning ADF personnel and their families.”

The JTA will operate within the Department of Defence and partner with DVA and the Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation. Over the coming months, the transition system will be reviewed to identify where improvements can be made, including opportunities to better integrate services and share information.

Brigadier Wade Stothart DSC, AM, CSC has been appointed as the Director General, Joint Transition Authority and will lead the consultation process. He has significant operational and personnel staff experience.

BRIG Stothart has overseen the Army workforce generation systems, including transitions and employability classifications.

The authority will work closely with organisations, including ex-service organisations that deliver transition support services to veterans. This will include input into the review of the transition system. More information will be available in due course.

The establishment of the JTA acts on Recommendation 7.1 from the Productivity Commission report, A Better Way to Support Veterans, and is a vital part of ensuring ADF personnel are provided the appropriate support during this crucial life event.

The funding provides for the JTA to: • improve service delivery and transition, including connection with medical professionals in civilian life • enhance programs which can be accessed by individuals when they need them • through a whole-of-system approach, deliver a more connected transition for ADF members and their families, catering to their individual needs • identify opportunities, address gaps, integrate existing services and influence new ones as they are developed • undertake stakeholder consultation on the final functions and design of the JTA.

ADF Seminars Due to COVID 19 all face-to-face ADF Member and Family Transition Seminars have been postponed until 2021.

At the virtual seminar, you can get information relevant to your circumstances by visiting our expo floor or watching presentations in the auditorium. You are also able to collect and download information from your virtual show bag.

If you are an ADF member and would like to attend a seminar, register your attendance through CAMPUS by searching “15234” or “Virtual Transition”. ADF Transitions Centres still remain open.

We recommend that if possible your family also attend the online seminar as they will be involved in your transition process. Guests and family members wishing to attend can register here - https://adftransitionseminar.vfairs.com/en/registration. For any enquiries regarding the seminars contact - ADF.transitionseminar@defence.gov.au.

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Transition

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Tr a n si ti o n

Writing a civilian resume after the ADF If you are leaving the Australian Defence Force, writing a civilian resume to apply for non-Defence jobs will be one of the first steps in your job search. But how can you make your ADF background relevant to the civilian employment market, in terms that a recruiter or employer can recognise and value?

A resume (or CV) is a short statement and history of your training, qualifications, skills and experiences.

It enables you to communicate your skills and achievements to potential employers, showing them what it is you can do for them that no one else can do.

The following tips will help you to write a powerful and relevant civilian resume.

Be clear about your target job To effectively market yourself for a civilian job after you’ve left the ADF, you need a clearly defined goal – your ideal role. Research occupations to identify the right career path for you. Consider talking to a Defence career transition coach if you’re not sure what you want to do.

Make your civilian resume relevant A resume’s purpose is to answer the employer’s question, “What can this person do for me?” To do this effectively, research your target role and ask yourself what skills, experiences and aspects of your Defence background are the most relevant. Read job advertisements to identify the types of skills and experience required.

Identify your key skills Most employers will recognise that former Defence members have very useful skills, honed during their time in service. But if you are uncertain what these skills are, you risk failing to sell them to potential employers.

Remembering what you did on a daily basis can help pinpoint the key skills you used regularly. This could have involved: • Planning

• • • • • • •

Risk analysis Resource management Information processing Decision-making Reporting or briefing seniors Stakeholder communication Negotiation.

Demonstrate how you can transfer these skills It is important to demonstrate how the skills picked up during your military career can make a smooth transition into civilian life. Some military jobs, such as mechanics and engineers, have elements that can be easily converted to civilian jobs.

But if your role doesn’t readily convert, there will likely still be many skills directly transferable from your Defence background. Budgeting, for example, is a critical skill for managers in most civilian companies.

I t ’s a l s o w o r t h e m p h a s i s i n g practical, intangible or soft skills that resonate in the civilian workplace, such as leadership, discipline, use of IT and communications equipment, safety compliance and teamwork.

Incorporating these skills into your civilian resume will showcase them to potential employers. Use strong action words to make a positive impression.

Remember your duties Use job descriptions to map your specific role responsibilities. Sites l i k e d e f e n c e j o b s . g o v. a u h a v e comprehensive overviews of roles.

Examples could include: • Led a 20-strong infantry team, providing tactical and technical guidance.

• Communicated urgent orders and directions effectively to a team of 150 cross-disciplinary personnel.

• Assisted in the performance of reconnaissance operations.

• Operated and maintained equipment worth $1.5m.

• Forecasted and adjusted decisions in a high-pressure environment.

• Supervised receipt, storage, and

issue of ammunition.

• Supervised construction projects over five sites.

If you’ve held numerous ranks and duties, choose the ones within the last 10 years with the most responsibilities relevant to the position for which you are applying.

Showcase your accomplishments Your resume should be more than a list of your job duties. Highlight your achievements. No doubt these will be varied but use this to your advantage.

Your PAR documentation will give you an overview of what you were doing and your key accomplishments.

Try to use measurable outcomes to demonstrate the importance of your achievements, for example: • Reduced training time from 26 weeks to 24 weeks.

• Increased retention rate by 12% by focusing on training, team building and recognition programs.

• Developed a patient database that tracked records, medication, appointments and status. This enabled the completion of 300+ medical evaluations within a reduced timeframe.

Highlight desirable training and qualifications Military training in Australia is some of the finest in the world. Qualifications and training in occupational health and safety, equal employment opportunity, equity and diversity and quality assurance are often transferable to the job market. This knowledge is highly desirable to civilian employers and will set you apart from other candidates.

Although it is likely employers will not understand the relevance of some of your training, often it can be fitted to different scenarios with outcomes that can be measured. However, only include technical training and qualifications if relevant to the position your applying for, such as in the transport or mining industries.

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Transition

Discard irrelevant information Your resume should be kept to a maximum of four pages. Discard any information that will not be of interest to the employer. As you decide which information to include, ask yourself: “Will a potential employer care about this experience?” Only include content that will help you secure an interview.

Certain things do not belong on a civilian resume. This includes any unrelated military awards, training and qualifications.

If there are a number of job options you could apply for, create a different resume for each role. Don’t make the mistake of creating one that is too general to be effective.

Avoid military jargon – use plain English Most HR managers and recruiters don’t have a services background so won’t understand the language used by ADF personnel. Describe your job titles, duties, achievements and training in

a way that makes sense to them. So, instead of saying you’re a ‘Platoon Sergeant’, say you’re a ‘Team Leader’.

HR people know what a Team Leader does in an organisation, so you’re speaking the same language.

List your ‘military promotion courses’ as ‘management courses’ with a brief explanation of the topics covered. For example, ‘Corporal Promotion Course’ becomes ‘Middle Management Course’ and the topics include: ‘Leadership; Delegation; Motivation of Personnel’.

Refer back to job advertisements for help substituting civilian keywords for military terms. Show your resume to a friend who has no military background and ask them to point out terms they don’t understand.

Be proud of your Defence background Your military experience is an asset and should be marketed as such in your civilian resume. Many employers realise the value of employing former Defence members. Attributes honed in the military include dedication,

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leadership, teamwork, positive work ethic and cross-functional skills are highly desirable.

Be clear about the value you bring to an organisation as a result of your time with the ADF. That said, it’s a good idea to leave out the details of any actual live combat as this experience might not relate to your ideal role.

Select a resume style Choose a style of resume that works best for you, that highlights your skills and experience and emphasises your strengths.

Need further help with writing a defence to civilian resume? Contact Glide Outplacement on 07 3162 2976 or use the online contact form and ask about our resume writing services.

Glide Outplacement have a team of professional resume writers based across Australia, including Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Adelaide and Perth, who are skilled at developing CVs for former Defence members. www.outplacement.net.au

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Recreating History A Royal Australian Air Force P-8A Poseidon from Number 92 Wing based at RAAF Base Edinburgh conducted a flypast of South Australian and Victorian townships on 23 March 2020, following the same flight-path as the Smith brothers which occurred 100 years to the day.

Flying a Vickers Vimy modified bomber, the Smith brothers (Sir Keith Macpherson Smith and Sir Ross Macpherson Smith) were the first to arrive on a history-making flight from England to Australia.

Departing England on 12 November, they arrived in Darwin on 10 December 1919 completing the record-breaking flight in only 28 days. They then continued to their hometown Adelaide after flying around the East coast of Australia. The P-8A flight acknowledged the return of the Smith Brothers and their Vickers Vimy to Adelaide on 23 March 1920 marking the 100th Anniversary of their arrival.

In acknowledgement of this significant achievement, Number 292 and 11 Squadron aircrew members were custodians of the Smith brother’s pilot wings, entrusted to their care by the Museum of South Australia, to honour the contribution and service of these great Australian aviators in our history.

Picture: The Smith brothers’ pilot wings sit on the window ledge of a P-8A Poseidon as it flies past the city of Adelaide during an historic flight marking the 100th anniversary of their arrival to Adelaide. Defence Image. CPL Brenton Kwaterski.

THE 1919 GREAT AIR RACE Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes was flying between England and France for the Paris Peace Conference when he came up with the idea of a Great Air Race across the world to Australia. Soaring high above the English Channel, Hughes quickly realised the potential of aviation to unite the Empire and inspire his young nation after a devastating war. So, he offered a £10,000 prize for the first Aussie airmen to fly from London to Darwin in a British-built plane. The catch? They had to land on home soil within 30 days.

The critics called the race a “circus” that would surely end in death. Certainly, the journey was not without risk. Despite technological advances during the war, aircraft of the time were rudimentary, fashioned from wood, wire and fabric with open cockpits and only basic navigation. Along parts of the route, crews would be forced to land on short racetracks and hastily cleared jungle.

Six Australian crews took up the challenge. And four were led by South Australian men who’d proven their skill and daring on the ground and in the air in WWI. Two crews perished and two others crashed out.

The 1919 Air Race captured the imagination of the world. The winning crew – led by South Australian brothers Ross and Keith Smith – flew their Vickers Vimy from England to Australia in 28 days - a journey of more than 14,000 kilometres - to claim victory and the Australian Government’s £10,000 prize.

THE VICKERS VIMY The Vickers Vimy was designed as a strategic bomber to attack German cities, but arrived too late to enter active service in WWI. With a 68ft (22m) wingspan, the huge biplane had a fuselage that looked like a long, thin cigar. Powered by twin 360-horsepower Rolls-Royce Eagle Mark VIII engines, the Vimy was largely made of spruce pine covered by Irish linen.

Picture: Ross & Keith Smith, James Bennett & Walter Shiers with the Vickers Vimy, 1919.

Courtesy State Library South Australia.

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