What on Earth 67

E Friends of the Earth Scotland’s supporters’ magazine Issue 67 Autumn/Winter 2015

Scotland’s Climate March

Show your colours for climate, justice and jobs

subject on lineEarth 67 What

Friends of the Earth Scotland (FoES) is: • Scotland’s leading environmental campaigning organisation • An independent Scottish charity with a network of thousands of supporters and active local groups across Scotland

• Part of the largest grassroots environmental network in the world, uniting over 2 million supporters, 75 national member groups, and some 5,000 local activist groups.

Our vision is of a world where everyone can enjoy a healthy environment and a fair share of the earth’s resources.

Friends of the Earth Scotland is an independent Scottish charity SC003442.

What on Earth is published by and copyrighted to: Friends of the Earth Scotland 5 Rose Street, Edinburgh EH2 2PR T: 0131 243 2700 E: info@foe-scotland.org.uk W: www.foe-scotland.org.uk Twitter: @FoEScot facebook.com/foescotland

Editor: Connal Hughes Picture Editor: John Fitzgerald Design: www.triggerpress.co.uk Cover: Stop Climate Chaos Scotland / Third Sector Lab The views expressed in What on Earth are not necessarily those of Friends of the Earth Scotland.

FoES accepts no liability for errors, omissions or incorrect data in advertisements.

If you prefer to receive a digital version of What on Earth please contact us: info@foe-scotland.org.uk

RE-USE AND SPREAD THE WORD When you have finished with this magazine, save it or pass it on to friends, a doctor’s surgery, school, student union, library or café. As a last resort recycle it.

Printed on Revive pure white silk 100% recycled paper

Contents 2 Paris Climate Talks Inside & outside the negotiations 6 Air Pollution Supermarket proposal rejected 10 Community Power Fight for citizen-owned energy 12 Divest Scotland Tour Colombians speak out about UK companies 15 News In Brief TTIP, Renewables & Cockenzie

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Director’s View

By Dr Richard Dixon @Richard_Dixon

hen the turbines at Longannet power station cease to turn at the end of March next year there will be no coal being burnt for electricity production anywhere in Scotland for the first time in about 120 years.

This is an important step for Scotland on our way to being powered only by clean energy. But it is also important because we know that the Paris climate summit will not deliver enough. We'll be there – promoting the good bits of what Scotland has done, putting pressure on world leaders and highlighting the need to do more to head off disastrous climate change. But we already know the deal that will be done in Paris will set us on course for at least a 3 degree Celsius warming, not the 2 degrees world leaders promised 5 years ago, let alone the 1.5 degree limit needed to save low-lying island nations.

Campaigners and communities around the world need to make up for the failure of their

politicians. We've been helping create a new campaign that will see Friends of the Earth groups across Europe work more closely on opposing fossil fuels, promoting community renewables and moving public and private money from dirty to clean energy investments.

In Scotland we'll be bringing together our work on fracking and the other unconventional fossil fuels with our efforts to get more local clean energy generated and our fight to free up £1.7bn of public sector pension money to do good here at home instead of funding the destructive overseas activities of the likes of Shell and BP. We will also be beginning the discussion with Government, industry and the unions about a just transition out of oil and gas jobs and into renewable energy jobs.

We need to set Scotland on course to be fossil free within a generation.

Save a spot in your 2016 diary for the FoES Spring Equinox Ceilidh on 19 March. As always we’re looking forward to a fantastic night with the Ceilidh Collective and friends. Tickets will be available soon from the usual outlets: www.ceilidhcollective.org, in person from the New Leaf Co-op, Argyle Place 1

Paris Climate Talks

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By Mary Church, Head of Campaigns @mmachch

uring the first two weeks of December, delegates representing the worlds’ nations will meet in Paris in an effort to secure a legally binding treaty to respond to the urgent threat of climate change. The sad reality is that, as Paris approaches, the same fights that were fought at the UN summit in Copenhagen in 2009 are still being fought today. These centre around the critical issues of historical responsibility for causing climate change, and capacity to act to stop the worst of its impacts.

Rich, western countries – including our own – which have benefitted economically from years of polluting the atmosphere are attempting to shift the burden of responsibility onto the shoulders of poorer countries. A civil society review of countries pledges to cut climate emissions clearly demonstrates this truth. The equity-based assessment shows that major polluters including the EU, USA and Russia have woefully failed to pledge their fair share of emissions cuts. However, India, Kenya and the Marshall Islands are among developing countries whose contributions represents their fair share, while China – often blamed for blocking progress on climate – has committed to action over and above its fair share.

So what hope for Paris? Inside the political negotiations, clearly not much. The best that can be hoped for is that any outcome doesn’t ‘lock-in’ low ambition. Outside however, the clamour for the transformation that is

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necessary to avert the worst impacts of climate change is growing steadily. People’s movements against fracking and new fossil fuels, for renewable community energy, against land grabbing and deforestation, for agro-ecology and sustainable, organic food production, will gather in Paris as the talks draw to a close to symbolise a new beginning for the climate movement – a movement that knows ordinary people must lead the way to a sustainable future.

Find out more about Fair Shares: A Civil Society Equity Review of national climate pledges at www.civilsocietyreview.org

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s the talks conclude, tens of thousands of people will be in Paris for a weekend of amazing climate action.

Which path will politicians follow in Paris?

After the latest round of UN climate negotiations in Bonn, we’re not holding our breath for an agreement in Paris that respects climate science or climate justice.

That’s why we’ll be there to demonstrate that ordinary people are leading the way towards a clean energy revolution, to stand in solidarity with those already feeling the effects of rising temperatures and to strengthen our movement for the battles ahead.

11th December – People. Power. Action.

Join Friends of the Earth International in Paris to demonstrate People Power! We will take part in a memorable evening of action, music, inspiring speakers, exchange and solidarity.

People will bring lights, banners, flags, and their messages in light as together we symbolically tear down the dirty energy system. We will challenge corporate power

Paris Climate Talks

and light the way with people-powered solutions. We will call for justice for those affected by climate change and for a community-owned sustainable energy system.

We will let the world know that People Power is leading the fight for a safe climate and fair future.

12th December – The Last Word: mass mobilisation for social and climate justice People will have the final word after the UN climate talks come to an end. Diverse, united movements from around the world will call for real solutions to the climate crisis. This will be an historic day of mobilisation with a mass demonstration in the streets of central Paris (as well as actions of civil disobedience organised by the French Climate Coalition). At 12.12pm the city will be filled with noise and bells ringing everywhere from great churches to bicycles as thousands add their voices to the unstoppable call for a fairer, safer world.

Inspired to come?

We still have a few places left on our buses!

For more information visit www.foes.do/go2paris Staying at home?

Your support could help someone else make it to Paris. We are offering a small number of subsidized places to those who could not otherwise afford to join us www.foes.do/ParisFund

By Shannon Stephens Climate Activism Organiser 3

Paris Climate Talks

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Lisa Seary lives on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides. She is a member of the Scottish Crofting Federation, a small member-led group, representing the interests of crofters of the remote Scottish Highlands and Islands. ife lived here is often referred to as ‘living at the edge’ as we are the furthest North West location in Europe, on the edge of the mighty Atlantic ocean.

We have just experienced the most extended period of extreme weather in living memory.

This year, the winter, spring and summer periods are said to be the worst in almost 80 years. Wind speeds on the islands exceeded 113 miles per hour and left homes without electricity, and their roofs. The new grass failed to appear in time for the spring flocks, and the cold, wet, windy weather continued into summer. Hay and silage stores are inadequate to sustain livestock over the coming winter; and a shortage will push prices up – beyond crofters’ means. Without sufficient winter feed the animals will have to go to slaughter, flooding the market and driving prices down.

Crofting on Isle of Lewis

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Many crofters will see their livelihoods and way of life compromised, and possibly fail.

This crisis is unfolding, quietly, without media attention and celebrity hype, and so it will be with many communities across the globe; effects are cumulative, ‘one straw’ at a time, until the changes are beyond repair.

I will be travelling, by bus, ferry, train and coach the 1,000 miles, to join with other Friends of the Earth supporters at COP21 to call for climate justice; my banner will carry my message, a call to reason: 'Let us Learn to Live within Limits.'

Our resources, like our opportunities to stop climate chaos are limited. We need to recognise this and learn to live within the limits of our planet, to live sustainably. This summit is an opportunity to commit to changes that recognise our planetary boundaries, so we can all begin to live and thrive within those limits.

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With me I will carry messages from the Islanders here in the Hebrides, showing world leaders that there is another way – that good stewardship means choosing a safe, clean, renewable, energy future. The needs of people and the future of our children must

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Paris Climate Talks

come ahead of business interests and shareholder profits. Climate change, ocean acidification, deforestation, soil degradation and sea level rises are not inevitabilities, they are choices; they are the result of shortsighted social, political and economic choices.

Robin Duval works in renewable energy as V3 Power Co-Op co-ordinator

’m going to Paris in December because I want to connect with other community activists passionate about grassroots action on climate change.

All the signs are that the climate talks will not give us the level of commitments we need to stay below 2 degrees (let alone 1.5) but it is important there is a strong presence to expose corruption, show solidarity with those most affected and organise for real action.

fuels', made 60% of England and Wales available for fracking licenses and made drastic cuts to support for renewables.

These two contrasting directions show that we need to unite and demonstrate that communities across the world are committed to taking action and will hold their governments to account.

This year, the Dutch government was sued not taking sufficient action on climate change, 1,500 people took action to close down the Rhineland Coal Fields – the single biggest emitter of CO2 in the world – and fracking applications were successfully opposed in Lancashire. Conversely, at the same time the UK government has passed a law to 'maximise the economic exploitation of fossil

PHOTOS: LISA SEARY

Robin Duval

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Air Pollution

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Supermarket plan for Pollution Zone refused

PHOTOS: TESSY TROES

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reat news! Last month Edinburgh Councillors turned down a planning application for a new supermarket on St John's Road in Corstorphine, now understood to be Scotland's most polluted road.

The store would have had 140 car parking spaces and brought thousands of new vehicle visits each day to the St John’s Road Pollution Zone.

We worked with the Corstorphine Residents Information & Action Group to oppose the plans and invite people to object. Many thanks if you were among the objectors.

This is an important victory that can help campaigners to fight other polluting proposals across the country, because in the planning report, air pollution was cited as a key reason for refusing the application.

Edinburgh Council now needs to show consistency in its approach and consider the impacts of congestion on air quality in every planning application.

It must also do more to tackle air pollution locally and across the city, by continuing to create safe cycling paths and introducing a Low Emission Zone, which would keep the most polluting vehicles out of the city.

At the time of writing, the developer still has a window of opportunity to appeal the decision but we hope it will not waste any more time and effort on this flawed proposal.

To follow the community’s discussions around how the site may be redeveloped, visit www.corstorphinewaitrose.wordpress.com

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Glasgow Activists declare “NO 2 Air Pollution”

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lasgow University’s Climate Action Society joined forces with Hillhead Community Council to call for clean air in a vibrant demonstration on Byres Rd, coinciding with worldwide Reclaim Power actions on 10 October.

They launched a petition, and gained over 200 signatures in just a few hours, calling on the City Council to revise its Local Transport Strategy, which is years out of date, and introduce a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) as soon as possible.

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Volkswagen scandal must refocus efforts on tackling air pollution

PHOTOS: MAVERICK

The campaigners succeeded in draping a giant gas mask banner on a building façade on Byres Road and did a great job of raising awareness on the need for action.

Air Pollution

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ews that Volkswagen installed cheating software in millions of their engines horrified the world this autumn. Volkswagen has rightly seen ramifications, with their share price plummeting, their CEO resigning, and several countries launching investigations into violations of safety and consumer standards.

What is particularly shocking about this scandal is that lives were lost as a result of VW’s scheming because thousands more tonnes of Nitrogen Dioxide were spewed into the atmosphere than should have been.

The lesson for the Scottish Government from the scandal is that it must get proactive in tackling air pollution rather than simply being persuaded into thinking that the car industry will sort out this public health crisis.

The Government must take an active role in reducing the volumes of traffic on our roads, as well as introducing LEZs. They must also must learn that, when it comes to enforcing emissions standards, regular testing is required to ensure that the clean standards promised are actually being delivered.

By Emilia Hanna, Air Pollution Campaigner @emilajaneagain

We took to Nicolson St to highlight Edinburgh's newest air pollution zone.

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Unconventional Gas

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By Flick Monk Unconventional Gas Campaigner @Flick_Monk

he Scottish Government has finally listened to community and environmental calls to rein in Underground Coal Gasification, the third unconventional fossil fuel technology threatening Scotland, imposing a moratorium while the health and environmental risks are properly assessed.

The pressure had been growing all summer on the Government to put a moratorium on UCG and to ban the unconventional fossil fuel industry permanently from Scotland.

Communities around the Firth of Forth, where UCG licenses are held by Cluff Natural Resources and Five Quarter, have been hugely active in drawing attention to the dangers of UCG and the growing level of opposition in Scotland. The fantastic ‘Hands Over Our Forth’ event saw around 2,000 people holding hands to span the length of the Forth Road Bridge in early October. They were protesting UCG proposals in the area and demanding that unconventional gas 8

should have no place in Scotland’s energy future.

To add to the anti-fracking momentum, a new group called SNP Members Against Unconventional Gas – or SMAUG, invoking Tolkien’s fire-breathing dragon from The Hobbit – was launched in September as a grassroots campaign calling on the SNP to take tougher action. An impassioned debate was held at the SNP conference where speaker after speaker lined up to call for a permanent ban on all unconventional fossil fuels.

Industry has been feeling the weight of public opinion too. With massive community opposition becoming clear, UCG company Cluff quietly admitted all the ‘political uncertainty’ had given them cold feet over their planning application for a UCG test-site around Kincardine. They won’t be submitting an application for the foreseeable future – to the huge relief of communities around the area!

Unconventional Gas

PHOTOS: FAE MACKIE AND BILLY MCKEAN

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Core sampling – coming to a field near you?

On the same day as the UCG announcement, the Scottish Government also released details of the research processes to inform the existing moratorium on shale gas and coalbed methane. Tucked away at the bottom however is a potential loophole whereby companies are allowed to do ‘core sampling’ for shale gas and coalbed methane. Core sampling, even with a strictly scientific basis, is the first step of exploration to frack – and Ineos is desperate to explore the potential gas in the Central Belt. We think that allowing core sampling goes against the spirit of the moratorium, which is supposed to put a halt to all industry activities across Scotland.

We’re asking our supporters to keep a vigilant eye out for any activity that looks like testdrilling by Ineos in licensed areas, and to contact us if anything looks suspicious.

Meanwhile, we urge you to write to your local MSPs to ask them to join the growing calls within their parties for a strong policy on

unconventional fossil fuels going into the Holyrood elections next year.

It’s a huge success that we’ve put the industry here on the back foot and that the Scottish Government is listening to our concerns on shale gas fracking, coal-bed methane and underground coal gasification. But we must remain on our guard for any loopholes being used to kick-start the industry.

With politicians in Paris unlikely to respond with the urgency needed to tackle climate change, it is vital that people power in Scotland turns the two unconventional fossil fuel moratoria into a permanent ban.

Find out which areas are licensed and how to contact us at www.foe-scotland.org.uk/fracking If you are an anti-fracking activist going to Paris climate talks, make sure to come in time to attend the anti-fracking summit on 10th December.

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Community Power

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By Anne Schiffer, Community Power Campaigner @anneschiffer1

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Save our solar

n September we celebrated Community Energy Fortnight 2015 followed by the launch of the Edinburgh Community Solar Co-operative. The UK’s largest community-owned urban solar scheme will put panels on 25 City Council properties. This will reduce the electricity bills of schools and other public buildings involved, offer local people a positive investment opportunity and spread the benefits more widely through a community benefit fund.

Unfortunately, a future with more initiatives like this is under attack.

In the last few months the UK Government has waged war against the renewable energy industry with drastic consequences for the community energy sector as well. This includes the suspension of Feed-in tariff (FIT) pre-accreditation, a valuable tool that ensures communities, who tend to move much slower than commercial developers, don’t suffer from premature FITs ‘degression’.

(Degression is the planned reduction of the amount of FIT a unit of electricity sold to the grid receives.)

A consultation on FITs soon followed proposing deep cuts allegedly intended “to keep people’s energy bills low.” We all pay for the energy system we have in the UK, either

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directly through bills or indirectly through taxes. Of course, this involves subsidising fossil fuels and nuclear as well as renewables.

Subsidies for renewables should come down with decreasing costs of installation.

However, the changes proposed by Westminster are driven by ideology not economic sense, let alone environmental or social concerns. If the proposed cuts to the FIT regime are implemented it will likely set the solar and hydro industry back by several years. When you combine this with the UK Government’s opposition to onshore wind, the renewable energy outlook becomes much bleaker.

Importantly the arguments to cut support for renewable electricity lack a holistic analysis.

It is hypocritical to hide behind the cost to the consumer of renewable energy subsidies, while expecting citizens to cough up far larger amounts including the fossil fuel-addicted transport sector and 35 years of guaranteed payments for new nuclear power stations.

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Community Power

Sustainable Energy Youth Network e are proud to be involved in the Sustainable Energy Youth Network (SEYN) which aims to empower young people to lead the transition to a fair and environmentally sound energy future. In the second SEYN Academy which took place in Greece, we saw participants from across Europe, Nepal and Pakistan collaborate on an array of exciting projects. These include working with farmers co-operatives that produce olive oil to turn their biomass waste into renewable electricity and setting up an international network of renewable energy schools to facilitate knowledge exchange.

They also discussed their ‘Give A Shit’ initiative that aims to raise awareness about the amount of drinking water flushed down toilets through an artistic campaign while promoting the use of bioenergy derived from human experiments. The group will launch ‘Golden Poop’ actions in different cities for World Toilet Day on 19 November.

If you are or know a young person that wants to get involved, check out www.seynetwork.eu

Solar Panels on the Isle of Eigg.

PHOTO: JOHN FITZGERALD

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PHOTOS: RIC LANDER

Divest Scotland

By Emilie Tricarico

n a country where death, corruption and state terrorism are the law, truth becomes a synonym for terrorism. Therefore solidarity is the strength that the powerless need.”

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These are the words Gilberto Torres spoke on his release on 7 April 2002.

He recited them to an audience in Edinburgh at the Divest Scotland Tour, which hosted speakers from communities affected by multinational oil and coal companies. Gilberto is gathering support for his cause to bring British company BP to justice.

Gilberto told his story of his kidnap and torture by paramilitaries, who later confessed to having been sent by the oil company Ocensa, BP’s then business partner in Colombia. With the assistance of War on Want and a small British law firm, Gilberto is now taking BP to 12

court for allegedly being complicit in the crimes perpetrated by Ocensa, who are accused of financing the arrests of trade unionists in the oil-rich and politically unstable region of Casanare.

Gilberto, who cannot return to his homeland over fears for his safety, spoke of how he was treated and seeing hostages murdered by paramilitaries right before his eyes. He believes that his activities carried out with his trade union led to his kidnap. While the trade union's objectives were aligned with social concerns for the workers in the oil industry and to the community as a whole, his work was considered as a threat to the oil company.

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Divest Scotland

PHOTOS: COLIN HATTERSLEY

Samuel & Danilo at Holyrood

Gilberto's survival and release is considered exceptional in a region where the disappearance of trade union and environmental activists is all too common. UN figures suggest 3,000 union activists have been murdered in the past 30 years and Gilberto is one of only two union figures abducted that have survived.

His powerful and sincere account brought to light the scale of injustice faced by the people in those regions, where UK-based coal and oil companies control vast resource wealth with scant regard for the impacts on people's lives.

Emilie is campaigning with FoES for the Edinburgh International Festival to reject sponsorship from BP. Gilberto joined her for a photo at Usher Hall as he called for Scottish institutions to break their ties with BP.

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uring the Divest Scotland tour we also heard from two Colombians campaigning against the massive Cerrejon coal mine.

Samuel Arregoces was from the farming village of Tabaco that was brutally evicted in 2001 to make way for expansion of the mine.

Danilo Urrea of Friends of the Earth Colombia, has investigated the social and environmental impacts of the Cerrejon, including its recent diversion of a river for yet more expansion. This mine is jointly owned by UK companies Anglo American, BHP Billiton and Glencore.

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Divest Scotland

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By Ric Lander, Finance Campaigner @ricjl

orking with organisations across the UK we have uncovered the vast oil, gas and coal investments of Scotland’s local government pensions.

How much do Scottish local government pensions invest in fossil fuels?

The pension schemes have a £1.7 billion stake in fossil fuel companies like BP and mining giant BHP Billiton. The total fossil fuel investment across UK local government pensions is a staggering £14 billion.

These funds are supposed to be held in the long term best interests of fund members: workers in our councils and related organisations. Instead they are fuelling climate change and environmental injustice.

The Strathclyde Pension Fund had the biggest investment in Scotland with £752 million in dirty energy. Fund member Kirsty Noble said: “Local governments and their pension funds really have to take a lead in action to avert climate change”.

Research shows that to keep temperature rises below 2C, 80% of fossil fuels must stay in the ground. We are calling for local government pension funds to listen to their members and invest sustainably.

Could you write to your Councillor to ask them to support the Divest Pensions campaign? Go to bit.ly/WriteToMyCouncil for some help and advice.

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Wonderful volunteers at FoES crunching the pension investment data

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News in Brief

TTIP protest, Brussels PHOTO: FOE EUROPE

PHOTO: C SAKKARIN / FLICKR

Cockenzie demolition

Cockenzie Power station chimneys demolished In a symbolic moment for Scotland’s transition from dirty fossil fuels to clean renewable energy, the chimneys and turbine hall of the mothballed Cockenzie coal-fired power station were demolished on 25 September. The last coal-fired power station in Scotland at Longannet is due to close in March 2016, as Scotland gears up to generate 100% of electricity demand from renewables by 2020.

UK Government slashes support for onshore wind and cuts solar tariffs In the summer, the UK government announced plans to cut support for onshore wind, and an early end to feed-in-tariffs for solar and other renewable energy sources.

This flies in the face of public support for renewable energy, and makes it much harder for the UK to reach its climate targets.

Meanwhile former Conservative Peer and former UK Energy Minister Lord Howell described the government’s plans for an expensive and unnecessary nuclear plant Hinkley Point as “the worst deal ever”.

Petition T-TIPs the scales A petition against the TTIP trade deal between Europe and the US signed by more than 3 million people was handed in to the European Commission in Brussels. The selforganised European Citizens Initiative was supported by FoE Europe and over 500 other organizations. It smashed the one million signatures required to be considered by decision-makers. It also surpasses the necessary minimum number of signatures per member state. 250,000 protestors also attended a huge anti-TTIP rally in Berlin.

Community renewables target achieved 5 years early Scotland has reached the Scottish Government’s 500MW target of community and locally-owned energy five years early with a total generating capacity of 508MW renewable energy now installed. Anne Schiffer welcomed this news, commenting: “What is important now is that we see this as a starting point of a citizen-led renewables transformation not the end”.

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News in Brief

John Ashton addresses packed meetings on unconventional gas The former UK climate envoy, visited anti-fracking community groups, met with MSPs and gave a public lecture on fracking in Edinburgh on 7 and 8 October. In addition to the climate and environmental risks posed by fracking, Ashton spoke about how local democratic process are threatened by attempts to force through fracking against the wishes of communities.

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PHOTO:RIC LANDER

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Meal for two at Stereo Cafe Bar, Glasgow

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With thanks to the organisations involved for their generous donations of prizes.

See inside for a booklet of tickets, order online at ZZZ IRH VFRWODQG RUJ XN 5DIﾃ？ RU FDOO -RKQ RQ Prize draw entries must be received by 7 December 2015. Promoter: John Fitzgerald, Friends of the Earth Scotland, Thorn House, 5 Rose Street Edinburgh EH2 2PR

Join the worldwide movement marching for a better future. Ahead of the UN climate change negotiations in Paris, we will stand up for people affected by rising global temperatures and demand that world leaders agree an ambitious deal.

A low carbon society will create green jobs, improve our transport and food systems and protect our land, air and water. Scotland needs to show its colours in Paris and beyond with strong action on climate change.

Wear your brightest colours as Scotland marches on this weekend of global action.

Saturday 28 November 2015 12-noon The Meadows, Edinburgh www.scotlandsclimatemarch.org