02 march april 2007

Vol. 18 No. 2

www.FOHBC.com

March-April 2007

The official publication of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

Bottles and Extras

Collecting Western Bottles Page 42

American Bottle Auctions Present

THE BRYAN GRAPENTINE COLLECTION! American Bottle Auctions is pleased to announce the sale of one of the finest collections of antique bottles ever offered at auction. Bryan Grapentine has taken 800 of his best bottles and put them up for auction. We will offer this collection in a three-part absentee auction starting March 23rd 2007.

Catalogs are free of charge for registered bidders so we urge you to register on our website at www.americanbottle.com to receive a free catalog and emailed updates and previews of this fantastic three-part absentee auction. Although Bryan was a collector of virtually everything and anything, his main focus was on bitters bottles and we believe this to be the finest offering of bitters in the last 50 years.

Register now for a set of three full-color catalogs absolutely free.

It’s the sale of lifetime and we’re sure to have something for everyone!

The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

Bottles and Extras Vol. 18 No. 2

March-April 2007

No. 170

Table of Contents Bottle Buzz................................................2

About Sanborn Maps Bret Heinemann...............................19

Collecting Western Bottles Bryan Grapentine.......................42

Bottles From the S.S. Republic Bill Baab..........................................24

Energy Drinks - Part 2 Cecil Munsey...............................44

Tally Ho - The Whiskey Jack Sullivan....................................27

The Dating Game: The Distinctive Marks of the Charles Boldt Glass Co. Bill Lockhart, Pete Shulz, Carol Seer and Bill Lindsay..................50

Recent Finds..............................................3 FOHBC Officer Listing 2006-2008............5 President’s Message...................................6 Regional Reports........................................7 Taking Aim At A.I.M - A Mystery No Longer Harvey S. Teal.............................12 The Steal Charles David Head...................14 HEROIN and ASPIRIN The Connection & The Collection - Part II Cecil Munsey.............................16

Enjoying the West - Montana and Idaho Part 2 Ralph Van Brocklin........................30 Photographs of Significance Charles Harris.................................34 Patents Issued to William Beach Fenn - Part 2 of 2 Barry L. Bernas................................36

Saratoga Springs Don Yates....................................54 Membership Information.........................60 Classified Ads and Ad Rate Information...61 FOHBC Show-Biz Show Calendar Listings............64

Cover image: Background courtesy of Jeff Wichman, American Bottle Auctions.

WHO DO I CONTACT ABOUT THE MAGAZINE? CHANGE OF ADDRESS, MISSING ISSUES, etc., contact the business manager: June Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160 or E-mail: osubuckeyes71@aol.com To ADVERTISE, SUBSCRIBE or RENEW a subscription, see PAGES 60-61 for DETAILS. To SUBMIT A STORY, send a LETTER TO THE EDITOR or have COMMENTS and concerns, Contact: Kathy Hopson-Sathe, Bottles and Extras Editor, 341 Yellowstone Drive, Fletcher, NC 28732 Phone: (423) 737-6710 or E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com BOTTLES AND EXTRAS (ISSN 1050-5598) is published bi-monthly (6 Issues per year) by the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. (a nonprofit IRS C3 educational organization) at 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160; Website: http://www.fohbc.com. Periodicals Postage Paid at Memphis, TN 38111.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Bottles and Extras, FOHBC, 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160;.

The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. assumes no responsibility for products and services advertised in this publication.

The names: Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and Bottles and Extras, are registered ® names of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and no use of either, other than as references, may be used without expressed written consent from the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. Certain material contained in this publication is copyrighted by, and remains the sole property of, the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., while others remain property of the submitting authors. Detailed information concerning a particular article may be obtained from the Editor. Printed by Interpress Media Solutions, Memphis, Tenn.

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March-April 2007

Bottle Buzz News, Notes, Letters, etc.

Send Buzz Notes to: Kathy Hopson-Sathe at: kathy@thesodafizz.com or write: Buzz Notes, 341 Yellowstone Drive, Fletcher, NC 28732

Kathy, Could you please include the attached announcement in the Letters to the Editor section of your next publication?

Our bottle show has changed locations and we want to be sure that everyone is aware of the changes.

Thank you very much, Aaron and Pamela Weber, Dealer Chairmen, GVBCA Show and Sale 2007.

of the Northeast, featuring 215 sales tables and dealers from 14 states and Canada as well as many educational displays.

For more information on the show and sale, please visit www.gvbca.org.

For dealer information, E-email dealerchair@gvbca.org or call (585) 2266345.

See you all there!

Aaron and Pamela Weber

Rochester Bottle Show Goes Home Exciting News from The Genesee Valley Bottle Collectors Association, Rochester, N.Y. It is with great pleasure that the Genesee Valley Bottle Collectors Association announces that the 38th Annual GVBCA Bottle Show and Sale will return to a newly renovated Minett Hall on Sunday, April 15th, 2007.

In 2004, the GVBCA Show and Sale Committee and the GVBCA Board of Directors chose to move the Show and Sale due to the deteriorating condition of Minett Hall. After many improvements, which include, but are not limited to a newly paved parking lot, a new roof, and improved lighting conditions including white walls and ceiling, we are happy to be “going home.” To get a sneak preview, visit www.gvbca.org to see some pictures of the work in progress this last summer.

Response to the move has been great, as many dealers and customers preferred this location due to the ease of access from the New York State Thruway. With the new improvements to the facility we are looking forward to a great show.

The Show and Sale committee has also taken a couple of actions to help our friends from out of town. We have changed hotels due to increasing rates at the previous hotel, and introduced a new table price structure that will benefit those who rent more than one table.

We cordially invite one and all to join us at one of the premier Bottle, Tabletop Antiques, Postcard and Collectibles shows

Here is your letter Aaron. Good luck with your show. Sure sounds like you have a great location again.

Dear Kathy: WOW . What a nice surprise we had the other day. We received an award from the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors for First Place Winner . Best Original Research 2006. Subject: Battery Insulators, Oil Insulators, and Chloride Accumulators.

We didn’t even know we were being considered for the award or that anyone had nominated us (if that is what is done).

Can you enlighten us?????? ... How When - What - and Why? We contacted Wayne Lowry, but he could not help us. But was to foward our letter. As of this date we have not heard a word from anyone from the federation.

Thanking you in advance for your for your help!

Charles and Sandi Irons By now, Charlie and Sandi also know it was one of the feature articles of the last issue, in color. The article was nominated, by sumission with a form, by their club’s newsletter editor. The judging was done by the regional editors. Apparently it was a huge suprise to both of them that they’d been entered, much less that they won.

All great articles need to be shared - and the contest is just one way of that to happen.

Please keep the authors that take their time to submit articles to your club newsletters in mind and nominate them. They may get a suprise too - just like Charles and Sandi

Bottles and Extras did.

The nomination form is available online - so it only takes a little ink and a stamp to do it.

Requests for help: I am in search of a specific glass bottle and have had very little luck. I am wondering if anybody can help point me in the right direction or currently own this specific bottle and willing to sell it.

What I am looking for: This is a clear glass Hinckley and Schmidt water bottle. It is about 1/2 gallon, about one foot tall, with a long neck, and screw top.

If anybody has any information please E-mail me.

Thank you, Mike Pisano michaelp@cantoreandcompany.com I have a fan shaped decanter that I am trying to find the name of the company that made it. On the bottom there are the letters F. V. inside a rectangle. Can anyone help?

Thanks Roger Dunham rogerdnhm@aol.com Add your antiques & collectibles, with photo, to one of the most popular Antique Community sites on the web, Antiques ‘n More!

Your listing and photo will reach thousands of potential customers who visit Antiquesnmore.com every day, and it costs you nothing! Choose from a variety of categories to list your products and servicesand add your photo or business logo free.

It’s quick and easy to do. Go to www.antiquesnmore.com/add_choose.php and add your listing and photo today!

What do you have to lose?

Antiques ‘n More I visited the site and checked it out. It is, as it says, free. However, at the time I checked it, it did not have a category for bottles. Of course, if contacted with the interest for such a category, I am sure they’d add one.

But there is a place to put your logos, those of you who have Auctions and Antique Shops.

This site bears watching to see what happens, and if it grows.

Send your letters and comments to: Kathy Hopson-Sathe 341 Yellowstone Drive Fletcher, NC 28732

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007

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Recent Finds The two figurals pictured here are glazed stoneware. I’ve had the polar bear about a year or so and owned the other from 1974 to’79, sold it and bought it back about three years ago.

They are both probably pretty rare.

The glaze on the one on the left is shiny and off-colored white with a slight yellowish cast, resembling a polar bear. It is 8 1/2 inches tall by 3 ¼ inches at its widest point. He is sitting on his haunches with his front paws clasped around his chest with his head raised. The pouring spout is the mouth and is sealed with a cork. There was an inked marking on the base but only a small part remains that is not legible. My guess is that it is European.

The figural on the right is stoneware and has a blue and white glaze.

This bear is seated on his haunches with his right paw raised as if waving.

The left paw is upon his upper belly. Just below the left paw and under the glaze in black lettering it says TEDDYS BEAR. This item is 7 ¼ inches tall by 2 ¾ inches wide. The pour spout is on top of the head and is also corked. It has a mark on the base of a crown above crossed cannon barrels with the letter “P” beneath.

I would put the dates of both these figurals as circa 1900-1910. I would think that the Teddy’s Bear would appeal to historical collectors because of the reference to Teddy Roosevelt.

October 2, 2006 Shown here is a photo of my TCI and B Co. Tracy City, Tenn. soda bottle, four copies of some vintage postcards and some information that will explain to the readers of Bottles and Extras my quest to find out the soda bottling company that utilized this particular bottle. While I am certain that it is unusual to put a crowntop soda bottle in the Recent Finds section of the magazine, but this bottle is very rare and I would like to verify who marketed the soda. I appreciate any help anyone can give on my request.

October 14, 2006 Two weeks ago I sent a photo, copies of postcards with a letter concerning the TCI & B Co. (Tracy City, Tenn.) soda bottle. Since that time, I have written the historian at Tracy City, Mr. William Ray Turner, seeking information on the company that used the soda bottle. Mr. Turner wrote me back this past week and gave me a fairly detailed history of the soda bottling company at Tracy City which utilized this particular bottle.

The bottle is indeed from the Tracy City Ice & Bottling Company and not from a firm known as the Tennesee Coal Iron & Bottling Company, as I had originally thought. Mr. Turner was kind enough to include a significant amount of history about the company which did use the T.C.I. & B. Co. soda bottle that enabled me to write a decent story about the Tracy City Ice & Bottling Co. for Bottles and Extras. I have also included two Coca-Cola bottle photos that the company used.

This begins the history of Tracy City Ice and Bottling Company.

Tracy City is a small town sitting on top of the Cumberland Plateau in Grundy County Tennessee.

For over a century the population has remained steady with some 2600 hardy mountain folk calling it home. Tracy City was already a thriving little community in 1858 when the Sewanee Mining Company started operations there. The Tennessee Coal & Railroad Company bought the Sewanee Company a few years later and started up several coke ovens and became the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company. The T.C.I. & R.R.Co. moved out of Tracy City in 1904 and in 1905 turned over their Tracy City mines to I.L. Hampton. Mr. Hampton formed the Tennessee Consolidated Coal Company. The T.C.I.& R.R.Co. became an integral part of U.S. Steel in Birmingham, Alabama in 1907. (Coal mining in the Tracy City area continued into the 1950s).

Coal mining, of course, was and always has been a dangerous, dusty, hard way in which to earn

Tracy City (Tenn.) amber straight-sided Coca-Cola.

4 a living to say the least. Often to slake one’s thirst after pulling a shift in the coal mines a miner would take a trip to a local fresh water spring or the town pump, for a cool drink of water. However, in March, 1904 a Mr. Kneopke started the Tracy City Ice & Bottling Company, which marketed various flavors of soda water, root beer, and ginger ale. Naturally the company sold a lot of ice along with the sodas. This provided the miners and citizens another option in which to quench their thirst as they could now buy a soda pop at one of the local grocers or restaurants.

In April 1907, Mr. Kneopke sold his bottling company to K.A. Banholzer. It was under Mr. Banholzer’s steerage that the Tracy City Ice & Bottling Company obtained a franchise to market Coca-Cola.

This proved to be a very profitable business venture, one that Albert Banholzer continued when he took over the reins of the bottling company upon his father’s death. During the five year period in which the Banholzer family had a Coca-Cola franchise, they never charged more then 5¢ a bottle for the popular soda. At times they offered six bottles of Coca-Cola for 25¢.

Although the Tracy City Ice & Bottling

March-April 2007

Bottles and Extras

Company has been out of business for nearly nine decades now, there are still a few of the company’s soda bottles around today to remind us of the Banholzer family’s legacy. All of the soda bottles are hard to come by and are quite rare.

My clear T.C.I.& B.Co. Tracy City, Tenn. crowntop soda bottle is the only one that I’ve found during the 30 years that I have been collecting/hunting antique bottles. I have not even found a broken example of the amber script Tracy City Coca-Cola bottle during this same period of time, nor a shard of the hobbleskirt Pat’d Nov. 16, 1915 Tracy City Coca-Cola bottle. To say that all three of these soda bottles are rare is an understatement. Especially when you factor in my being born and raised in a town less than twenty miles from Tracy City, and my searching for antique bottles in the region for 30 years has not turned up a shard of two of the three bottles shown! At present I know of less than five examples of these soda bottles in private collections.

Tracy City (Tenn.) Hobbleskirt References: Coca-Cola bottle, Pat’d Nov. 16, 1915.

MR. WILLIAM RAY TURNER, historian Tracy, Tennessee.

Photos courtesy of MR. ROBERT HOOKEY, historian S. Pittsburg, Tennessee.

Although discovered not to be the company that produced the soda bottle, the TCI & RR Co. is an intregal part of Tracy City’s history. This plant had a capability of screening up to four grades of coal. The predecessor of TCI was the Sewanee Mining Co. Eventually TCI built a bath house, ran lighting to the mines and provided drinking water for the miners.

This school was opened in 1890 by A.M Shook of TCI. He advanced the miners the money to built the school in 1889. Shook School burned May 26, 1976 and after that was taken over by Grundy County.

This is a view inside the TCI & RR Co.’s powerhouse. Whitwell’s story is the story of coal - and mine operators excerised absolute dominion over the town’s they built. They had company stores, coal camp schools and homes owned by the company. This postcard was postmarked in Whitwell in 1911.

Over the years, there were numerous deaths from mining accidents in the area. Accidents and fatalities were accepted as the cost of doing business.

This is a photo of the local hospital of the TCI Railway Company in Whitwell, Tenn. (Whitwell is 27 miles from Tracy City on TN Hwy. 41.)

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007

Federation of Historicial Bottle Collectors

Business & News The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors is a non-profit organization for collectors of historical bottles and related collectible items. Our primary goal is educational as it relates to the history and manufacture of historical bottles and related artifacts.

FOHBC Officers 2006-2008 President : Carl Sturm, 88 Sweetbriar Branch, Longwood, FL 32750-2783; Phone: (407) 332-7689; E-mail: glassmancarl@sprintmail.com First Vice-President : Fred Capozzela, 1108 Ritger St., Utica, NY 13501; Phone: (315) 724-1026; E-mail: fcapozzella@hotmail.com Second Vice-President : Richard Siri, P.O. Box 3818, Santa Rosa, CA 95402; Phone: (707) 542-6438; E-mail: rtsiri@sbcglobal.net Secretary : Ed Provine, 401 Fawn Lake Dr., Millington, TN 38053; Phone: (901) 876-3296; E-mail: ed.provine@thyssenkruppelevator.com Treasurer : Alan DeMaison, 1605 Clipper Cove, Painesville, OH 44077; Phone: (440) 358-1223; E-mail: a.demaison@sbcglobal.net Historian : Richard Watson, 10 S.Wendover Rd., Medford, NJ 08055; Phone: (856) 983-1364; E-mail: rewatson@bellatlantic.net Editor : Kathy Hopson-Sathe, 341 Yellowstone Dr., Fletcher, NC 28732; Phone: (423) 737-6710; E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com Merchandising Director : Kent Williams, 1835 Oak Terr., Newcastle, CA 95658; Phone: (916) 663-1265; E-mail: kent@altarfire.com Membership Director : Gene Bradberry, P.O. Box 341062, Memphis, TN 38184; Phone: (901) 372-8428; E-mail: genebsa@midsouth.rr.com Conventions Director : Wayne Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Phone: (816) 318-0161; E-mail: JarDoctor@aol.com

Business Manager / Subscriptions: June Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Phone: (816) 318-0160; E-mail: osubuckeyes71@aol.com Director-At-Large : John Pastor, 7288 Thorncrest Dr. SE, Ada, MI 49301; Phone: (616) 285-7604; E-mail: jpastor2000@sbcglobal.net Director-At-Large : Sheldon Baugh, 252 W. Valley Dr., Russelville, KY 42276; Phone: (270) 726-2712; Fax: (270) 726-7618; E-mail: shel6943@bellsouth.net Director-At-Large: Cecil Munsey, 13541 Willow Run Road, Poway, CA 92064-1733; Phone: (858) 487-7036; E-mail: cecilmunsey@cox.net Midwest Region Director : Ron Hands, 386 Spring Grove Dr., Tallmadge, OH 44278, E-mail: rshands225@yahoo.com Northeast Region Director : Larry Fox, 5478 Route 21, Canandaigua, NY 14424; Phone: (585) 394-8958; E-mail: brerfox@frontiernet.net Southern Region Director : Edwin Herrold, 65 Laurel Loop, Maggie Valley, NC 28571; Phone: (941) 923-6550; E-mail: rbitters@mindspring.com Western Region Director : Bob Ferraro, 515 Northridge Dr., Boulder City, NV 89005; Phone: (702) 293-3114; E-mail: mayorferraro@aol.com Public Relations Director : James Berry, 200 Ft. Watershed Rd., St. Johnsville, NY 13452; Phone: (518) 568-5683, E-mail: max@klink.net

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March-April 2007

Bottles and Extras

Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors

President’s Message

President : J. Carl Sturm 88 Sweetbriar Branch Longwood, FL 32750 (407) 332-7689 glassmancarl@sprintmail.com

March-April 2007 Time is passing by much faster than before I took over as President. It seems there is always a deadline of some sort. It isn’t only on my part, but on most members of the Board of Directors. All of you members out there should really appreciate your Board Members. You elected a very good group. Start thinking about what kind of a board member you could be. There is always room for newcomers to the offices of the Federation. You have less than two years to consider volunteering.

I spent January 12 through 14 at the bottle show in St Petersburg, Florida. It was a beautiful weekend, the armory was filled with dealers and foot traffic was good.

There were quite a few early buyers on Friday and a steady stream most of Saturday. Sunday was slow as most shows have been for some time now. Even though it was slow Sunday, my sales were about the same as Saturday. So, you never can tell.

I believe the majority of today’s shows are set up on Friday or Saturday followed by a one day show. A few of them have the set up and show in one day.

Wayne Lowry, our Conventions Director reports everything is falling into place for the 2007 National Show.

The show is to be held at the Gateway Center in Collinsville, Illinois on August 1719, 2007. Collinsville is located about 15 miles east of St Louis on I-55 and I-70 Contracts and Show flyers and will be available in the very near future.

We are in the planning stages for the 2008 Expo but have not firmed up a site yet. I hope to have more information by the May-June issue.

I have had a couple of non-board members comment that they are not happy with the content of Bottles and Extras. Our editor can only put into the magazine articles that are sent to her. My suggestion would be that if you don’t like the content, write an article of your own and send it to

the Editor. We are always looking for new articles and new writers. If you feel you cannot write, send suggestions to me of the areas that you would like to read about and I will try to find someone who is knowledgeable enough to write an article on that subject. We have a lot of talented people in the hobby and it’s just possible that the subject that you want to know about is something that another collector would like to share, but doesn’t know that anyone else is interested. We will consider articles from anyone. If they are not well written but the subject has merit, we will find someone to assist you or rewrite your article. Don’t just complain, do something about it.

This is the second issue of our now bimonthly magazine. I believe that we will see an increase in membership because of this change. Your Board members are always looking for ideas to increase membership. If you have any ideas on how to increase our membership please let us know. Sometimes we are looking too hard for new things and let some simple thing slip by. If you have an idea that you think might help us increase our membership drop us a line and let us know about it.

If any of you would like to discuss some facet of the Federation, I will be set up at the Mansfield, Ohio show on Saturday, May 12. I am usually in the center aisle of the main building. If you have a bone to pick or just want to say hello, please stop by. I will keep you informed in this column of shows that I will attend as the time nears for those shows. Of course, you can always email or call me. My contact information is listed above on this page, as well as in the Officer Listing preceding this page, in the magazine each time.

For those of you who have wanted a Federation slide program, there is some bad news: Barbara Hill, who was curator of the slide programs for us, has passed away. At

this point in time we are trying to locate the programs and when we do, we will find another curator so that we can get this option back in working order. We even have a new DVD and CD which will be available. It is of the 37 displays at the National Show in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

If any of you would like to volunteer to handle the Federation slide show programs, we certainly will need a new curator when the slides are located. If you think you might be interested, drop me an email or call me.

Another bottle collector has gone to meet his maker. Claude “Bud” Lee of Bradford, Pa. passed away on October 9, 2006. Bud was a gentle man whom everyone liked. He and his wife Ethel were fixtures at the St Petersburg and Deland shows here in Florida. All of his southern friends will miss his quiet, friendly manner.

We wish the very best to Ethel in this time of sorrow.

Show the Bottles and Extras magazine to your friends and encourage them to join our organization. Perhaps sell or donate a membership to a local library. Let others know about bottle collecting and the F.O.H.B.C. Don’t forget the Internet. Show dates and locations can be found on our fohbc.com site. Also connections with other collectors and a wealth of information such as published articles etc.

Dig hard or buy wisely and watch your collection grow.

J. Carl Sturm, President, FOHBC

Editor’s Note: The editor of this magazine also plans to be at both the Baltimore and Mansfield show. This will be a great chance to meet, as well as offer comments, suggestions and opinions about the magazine. See you there!

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007 better than any that one could have anticipated. Brewerton’s like-new facilities with a cafeteria staffed by the Fireman’s auxiliary provided for probably the best show in club history.

Good quality merchandise, plenty of room, good lighting and a super attendance by the public made for a very good show.

After packing up and returning home from Syracuse there will be just three weeks to recuperate before setting up at Rochester.

It is GVBCA’s 38th annual show. This year the GVBCA has returned to the fairgrounds, which had been the site for their show for many years. They left the fairgrounds to move to ESL just up the road three years ago, but ESL was just not the same as the fairgrounds. The move was made because the accommodations at the fairgrounds had diminished with the age of the facilities.

Show Chairman and board member Larry Fox happened to stop by one day because he noticed new construction going on at the fairgrounds. He was greeted by Fran Keppler, facilities manager, and given a tour of the buildings being renovated. He was so impressed that upon leaving he told Fran “it is time to bring the Bottle Show home.”

Minett Hall is like new. The roof and sidewalls have all been replaced. The bathrooms, lighting, overhead doors as well as the grade doors are all new. The parking lot has been paved and overhead security lights are now in the newly paved lot to make it easier to see in the dark hours of the day.

I have never seen so much excitement from the dealers and the club. Every one missed the fairgrounds. Chris Davis, our Exhibit Chairman, is happy because he can return to having a grand display of exhibits.

We had to limit Chris the past three years due to a lack of floor space. This year will be different with dozens of rare exhibits.

After putting Rochester to bed for another year, there will be four weeks until Mother’s Day. Now any bottle collector that has any credibility at all knows that Mothers’ Day weekend means Mansfield.

Hey it just does not get any better than this.

Here is a bottle show that does it all. These guys always do a super job.

Set-up begins on Friday followed with a dinner that has become world famous. The evening is closed out with an auction.

Saturday the show is opened to the public and we pack up early afternoon with enough

Northeast Regional News Larry Fox 5478 Route 21 Canandaigua, NY 14424 (585) 394-8958 brerfox@frontiernet.net It is that time of year when in the Northeast it is too cold to be really comfortable. Our fondest thoughts are of warm weather and spring blooms. My annual trip to Baltimore the first weekend of March to attend the Baltimore bottle show has to me become a great way to say winter is gone and with spring may I be blessed.

It is not just the thought of attending a great bottle show. Baltimore is probably the best show in the East. It is knowing that I will get to dine and visit with many friends not seen since the last Baltimore Show. As exciting as it is to add to our collections, nothing beats the company and conversations held with old friends.

As much as I enjoy and appreciate my collection, I know someday I will sell it.

Unfortunately none of my family has any desire to continue it. Think of what I have just said. I can part with things that have taken considerable time and money to assemble as a collection. However, I would not willingly part with or give up any of my friends I have met in the accomplishment of my collecting. This makes me no different than any who may read this.

I am glad to have realized what is so important as a bottle collector and that is your collection will never equal the friendships it has brought to you. Please remember these facts when you are deciding whether it is worth your time and expense to attend your next show.

I will return from Baltimore with the anticipation of the ESBCA Show in Brewerton, New York. This is the spring show of the Syracuse club held March 25th this year at the Brewerton Fire Hall. This show was a big surprise to us all last year.

They had decided to move the show to an American Legion Hall in Cicero, and just weeks before show time, the roof on the brand new hall collapsed under a huge accumulation of snow. It made local and national news.

The good folks of Brewerton Fire Department came to the rescue with an offer to use their facilities. The end result was

7 time to return home for Mother’s Day. I want to share something with all of you.

Three years ago, returning home from Mansfield, four of us were fortunate to escape death thanks to the heroic driving of good friend Charlie Betts.

Burt Spiller, Yvonne Woodworth, Charlie Betts and myself were just getting back to western New York traveling on Route I-90. Charlie was driving my van 85 mph in the hammer lane of the New York Thruway. All of a sudden the skies opened up and dumped rain. Visibility was next to nothing. Some poor lady was coming down the entrance ramp and came straight across two lanes nearly colliding with us. Charlie whipped the wheel left and we started an unforgettable journey down a lane paved with grass. Sliding back to the paved road Charlie whipped the wheel right. Each one of these wheel whips nearly rolled us.

Charlie never seemed to get rattled.

We all experienced a ride that we will never forget and made a pact that day to always come out to Mansfield a day early for the rest of our lives. That day is for a special dinner together to remember just how fortunate we are.

If you forget where you have been, you may forget where you were going.

All of us get something different out of life. Few get more than what they put into it.

Larry P.S. After putting this together, I received the following from Jon Landers of the Utica Club: THE MOHAWK VALLEY ANTIQUE BOTTLE CLUB members are happy to announce a NEW LOCATION for their May 6th Show. The show will be at the Utica Curling Club, 8300 Clark Mills Road, Whitesboro, N.Y. The building is new, large, well heated and has exceptionally good lighting. The site is a great place to hold a bottle show and there will be plenty of room for bottle exhibits.

This is the home club of Hall of Fame Member Howard Dean. It is an exceptional club with some of the greatest people you could ever meet. You come to this show and mention this article to me and dinner will be my treat.

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March-April 2007 Findlay Antique Bottle Club The Findlay Antique Bottle Club always has a nice Show and Tell session at each of its monthly meetings. The club meetings are held the second Sunday of each month at the University of Findlay in Findlay, Ohio. Details and pictures are posted on the club’s website at: http://fabclub.freeyellow.com/ SHOWNTELL.html. At the November meeting: Jeff Klingler brought several fruit jars, including a Pacific Mason pint, a N.C.L. (Nail City) SCA quart, a Bosco pint, and a Delicious Crushed Fruits half gallon; many nice milk bottles were on display; there were a few flasks too; Marianne Dow brought a Purtscher squat soda in addition to several milk bottles. At the December meeting: Marianne Dow brought milk bottles from towns she had lived in; Jeff Klingler brought some scarce Sealfast Sold By fruit jars (Lima Dept. Store quart, Timothy Smith pint); Jack Burris showed several bicycle licenses, boat motor tags and permits; Cathy Burris displayed glow-inthe-dark Christmas ornaments from her collection of hard plastic items; and Dan Mompher brought a lot of items which he had dug.

To find out more about their monthly newsletter, “Whittle Marks,” send a note to: Findlay Antique Bottle Club, P.O. Box 1329, Findlay, OH 45839 ($12/yr).

Midwest Regional News Joe Coulson 10515 Collingswood Lane Fishers, Indiana 46038 (317) 915-0665 jcoulson@leaderjar.com Hi, everyone! It’s that time of year when most clubs are asking you to renew your membership. Please continue to support your local club, or considering joining one if you are not a member already. You can have a lot of fun getting together with other collectors who share similar interests, and there are always opportunities to learn something new. Let’s see what has been going on lately in the Midwest clubs…

Antique Bottle Club of Northern Illinois Dorothy Furman (newsletter editor) does a very nice job each month reporting the ABCNI happenings. It was reported in the December newsletter that club member Ed Mars has passed away, and condolences go to his family and wife Mary Ellen Mars.

John Panek gave a report on the Chicago Show. Nominations were made for 2007 officers. Many nice bottles were brought for show and tell. Ron Neumann, Sr. gave the talk at their December meeting on Kenosha, Wisconsin Beers and Sodas. He showed bottles including M. Gruenwald blob beer, Peter Steinbach from 1890 to 1901; A. Tennessen 1900 – 1912, Steinbach & Bloxdorf, 1905 – 1910, Otto Bloxdorf 1911 – 1920 and Bloxdorf and Klvender from 1907; Pabst Brewing, Kenosha Branch, amber W.F. Martens, M.J. Scholey Crown w/bale, amber J.J. Rohlman blob beer, clear and amber J.J. Kohlman crown beer, Coca Cola Soda Water, Crown, and a Coca Cola Soda; Also J.J. Kohlman Hutch’s in 4 styles, W.F. Martin Hutch in three styles, W.F. Martin Crown’s and Martin Bros. Crown; he also showed a Kohlman Martin Co., Carbonated Beverages tray.

In the ABCNI January newsletter it was reported that Jeff Dahlberg was elected the new club president. The club had a great crowd on hand for their annual Christmas Party. They also had a nice Christmas grab bag take away session. The club has confirmed that their Show and Sale will be the 1st Sunday in May at “The Brat Shop.”

If you are interested in show details or in joining this club, you can contact Greg Schueneman, 270 Stanley Avenue, Waukegan, IL 60085 ($10/yr).

Indianapolis Bottle Club Exciting announcement! There is a new bottle club forming in Indianapolis, Indiana: “Hello everyone my name is Martin Van Zant, and I along with Bill Granger want to start a bottle club in Indianapolis. We belong to the Wabash Valley club in Terre Haute and want to bring this unique experience to you. The club will meet once a month at an undisclosed location. We will also have a newsletter before every meeting, to ensure everyone is up-to-date with the club and what’s going on in the club. I hope you take this opportunity to join this new club. Indianapolis is a big and diverse city.

We want all bottle collectors to join and have some fun. Milk, soda, bitter, beer, flask, whiskey, black glass and medicines, come one come all.

“If you have any questions please feel free to E-mail me at: mdvanzant@yahoo.com or write me at: Martin Van Zant, 6225 E. 250 S., Franklin, Indiana 46131.”

Bottles and Extras Iowa Antique Bottleers Mark Wiseman (newsletter editor) does a very nice job each month reporting the IAB happenings. The December newsletter contained a detailed timeline history of the Wm. M. Lowe Barber Supply Co. of Des Moines, Iowa. There was also a wonderful story of their “Fifth Annual Memorial Day Dig” (Muscatine, Iowa) in this issue. The January newsletter contained historical information about a “Dr. Franconi’s West India Remedies,” a “Gross and Duenser, Berlin Weiss Beer, Dubuque, Iowa,” and three different “Mexican Hair Restorative” bottles from Des Moines, Iowa. Quite a bit of data was found in old Des Moines City Directories on the companies that made these bottles.

The IAB newsletters always contain wonderful digging stories by Kevin Williams. He has a regular column, “The Digger’s Scoop,” that tells of his local digging adventures with Elsie (the dog), the old brown truck and various digging friends that join him. You can find out more about IAB membership details from Mike Wiseman, 3505 Sheridan Ave., Des Moines, IA 50310 ($15/yr).

Kalamazoo Antique Bottle Club The KABC newsletters are written by Allan Holden and edited by Debbie Holden.

The theme for their November meeting was labeled bottles and they have a member who specializes in this subject, Chuck Parker.

“Chuck has an awesome collection of handfinished, labeled antique bottles. Most of his bottles have their original contents!”

Chuck is also the current president of the club.

The January newsletter mentions that the “B. Desenberg Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. This was the home of the extremely rare Best Bitters bottle – our club mascot!

The Register lists the period of significance for this building from 1875 – 1899. This would have been the time when the structure was in use as the B. Desenberg Wholesale Grocer, distributor of the Best Bitters in America.”

The KABC meets at the main Kalamazoo, Michigan library. You can reach them through Allan Holden, c/o ProStock Detectors, 1211 ½ West M-89, Plainwell, MI 49080.

Midwest Antique Fruit Jar & Bottle Club The program for the MAFJBC November meeting was “Product Jars and

Bottles and Extras Bottles.” Dick Cole brought a couple of Kraft jelly jars that were produced by BallIncon in the 1980s. One jar was shaped like a snowman, and the other was shaped like a teddy bear. These jars were designed by his friend (Ball Corp. employee), Denny Orosz. Walter and Ann Gausmann brought a Viz motor oil jar, complete with original contents! Rev. Phil Robins displayed an aqua three-quart Garwood’s Fruit Tablets jar, along with many other things. Norman and Junne Barnett displayed several bottles with their “name” embossed on them. There was also an interesting article about products Ball Corporation made for Avon.

The December newsletter had pictures from the club’s annual Christmas Pitch-In Dinner. Everyone had fun playing a game of “Dirty Bingo.” Players drew numbers to determine picking order. Each player selected a present (inexpensive fruit jar or bottle), unwraped it, then decided whether to keep it or steal a previously unwrapped present from another player. Kay Rittenhouse showed everyone a toy she purchased at the Terre Haute WVABPC bottle show. It was a lineman figure that slowly works his way down a thick wire sticking up out of an old glass insulator!

The MAFJBC has a website: http:// www.fruitjar.org. Meeting and membership details as well as lots of pictures from their semi-annual shows can be found there.

Minnesota’s First Antique Bottle Club Gwen Seeley (newsletter editor) and Barbara Robertus (co-editor) do a very nice job each month with their newsletter, “The Bottle Digger’s Dope.” There are always some nice pictures. There was a spotlight on “Kids Cups” in the November issue:

March-April 2007 “Steve Ketcham is the most interesting person, for the fact that he collects so many different items. He enlightened us all on a beautiful display and history of early childrens cups. Most range from the 1800s to the 1930s. Most were made from china, with a few exceptions – as Steve has a tin lithograph cup with saucer. As a general rule they were made in Germany, with the later ones from Japan (after WWII) and a few from England.

Most were the individual cups, but some were parts of tea sets. Steve felt that they either were purchased from stores, such as Drug, Dimestores, Sears, and some being purchased as sourvenirs. They have pictures of scenes, as well as Christmas greetings, Red Riding Hood, Brownies, animals, early cars, some with childrens names, even one with a whistle in the handle. Steve managed to find three with children using nursing bottles on them.”

If you are looking to attend one this club’s meetings, you may contact their newsletter editor at: Gwen Seeley, 4504 Laramie Trail, Minnetonka, MN 55345.

Ohio Bottle Club Donna Gray (secretary) and Phyllis Koch (newsletter editor) do a very nice job each month with their newsletter, “The Ohio Swirl.” Ron Hands reported that he will have to step down from the club president position due to accepting a new job in North Carolina. Ron says, “I will miss the Ohio Bottle Club more than anyone can believe.

It has been a big part of my life and I have made the best of friends within the club and I am grateful for that. Although not as an active member, I will continue to be a life member of the Ohio Bottle Club, ‘The & Relic Club, of which he is president.

His friend, Richard Carr, of the Tulsa Antiques & Bottle Club, narrated the following adventure in the Tulsa club newsletter: “I FINALLY GOT IT!!!

“When I first got into collecting Oklahoma and Indian Territory bottles nearly 30 years ago, I was told to go and meet Dr. Charles and Verla Wallis who loved in Fort Gibson. I have been to their home many times. One thing that stood out was a brass cash register that had Opera House Drug Store embossed on the front.

Also sitting on the register was a clear drugstore bottle embossed OPERA HOUSE DRUG CO. / FORT GIBSON,

Southern Regional News Bill Baab 2352 Devere Street Augusta, GA 30904 (706) 736-8097 riverswamper@comcast.net The best part of collecting antique bottles is the pursuit of elusive containers known to exist, the celebration after obtaining them and, best yet, the sharing of your adventures with fellow collectors.

A great example was published by Johnnie Fletcher in the December issue of Oklahoma Territory News, of which he is editor, of the Oklahoma Territory Bottle

9 Greatest Club in America.’ I will attend as many club shows as possible. The Ohio Bottle Club is truly a special group and I’m so proud to be a part of it.”

The OBC meetings are held the last Wednesday of the month at the Eagles Club, Rittman Rd, Wadsworth, Ohio.

Membership and further details can be obtained from: The Ohio Bottle Club, c/o Berny Baldwin, 1931 Thorpe Circle, Brunswick, OH 44212 ($15/yr).

Wabash Valley Antique Bottle & Pottery Club Martin Van Zant (newsletter editor) does a very nice job each month reporting the WVABPC happenings. The club reported that they had a great annual Show and Sale in November. This was their first time to be located at Shadow’s Auction Barn.

Martin says, “I have talked to several people who told me they sold well. The majority of dealers I talked to had positive thoughts about the show. The Auction the night before the show was a big success as well.

Lots of bottles exchanged hands. There were a few rarities that brought some good money.”

The December newsletter contained a reprinted article on the “Hutchinson Stopper History.” This was a very interesting article and more details can be found in “An Introduction to Collecting Soda Pop Bottles,” by Ron Fowler, Seattle History Company, Seattle, Wash.

If you are looking to attend one of this club’s meetings, you may contact the WVABPC editor for more details at: Martin Van Zant, 6225 S. 250 E., Franklin, IN 46131.

OKLA. “For the past 25 years, I have been looking for that bottle for my collection — it is THE ONLY ONE KNOWN! Well, several weeks ago I was told to go online to the Haskell (Okla.) Auction Company and look at all the bottles, jars and other items. So Tasha and I went online and there was the brass cash register.

“So we went to the auction and saw all these bottles and items I had seen over the years at the Wallis home, but no Fort Gibson bottle. We looked through all the boxes and still no bottle. Finally, the auction house staff was working on the cash register and when they opened the cash drawer, there was the bottle. I about fell over when they found it and Tasha said for me to buy the

10 cash register no matter what.

“We bought both and are very happy.

The Opera House Drug Co., was located in the building next to our antiques shop in Fort Gibson. So now both are back home where the register was sold to the drugstore in 1905 in what then was Fort Gibson, Indian Territory!”

In another section of his newsletter, Fletcher published “Disappointment in Savannah,” a digging story by his friend Ed Stewart. His Savannah was in Missouri, not Georgia. The disappointment came when the intrepid crew of Stewart, Fletcher, Kenny Burbrink and Dan Moser found only two bottles in a privy pit behind an 1860s home in Savannah.

With no other sites in Savannah, they moved to historic St. Joseph, Mo., where they had shared many a successful digging story over the years.

Six pits were probed and here are the finds: Drugstore bottles from St. Joe: Orson Brokaw, Phil Sommer & Co., J.T. Meadows, Dr. A.V. Banes Medicine Co., The Elfred Drug Co., and Ed G. Schroers Druggist. An Imel & Grant, Adriano Bot. Co., St. Joseph crown top, a Terre Haute (Ind.) Brewing Co., crown top and the James Walsh Mercantile Co. St. Joseph, Mo., bottle joined those and many other bottles.

In the January issue, Fletcher thanked fellow collectors Kenny Burbrink, Ed Tardy, Ed Stewart and Mark Wiseman for their help. The issue marked the 20th year of publication and was the 229th mailed out, Fletcher says. All continue to submit digging stories and Tardy’s latest contribution was short and sad.

A construction site in the Little Rock area yielded two Civil War era black glass ales and a few hundred broken, melted bottles, including aqua shards of a Pasquier’s French Bitters from Louisville, Ky. The bottle is listed as extremely rare in amber, but is unlisted in aqua.

Wiseman’s adventures during last January revealed he’d dug two Shiloh’s Consumption Cures (S.C. Wells, Leroy, N.Y.), an aqua wax sealer fruit jar embossed Standard, a Norman Lichty, Des Moines, Iowa drug store bottle and a broken, tealcolored Gargling Oil, Lockport, N.Y. Wiseman was later joined by Tom Southard, Clyde Jones and Reggie Shoeman as well as Fletcher and Stewart.

Wiseman’s constant companion on digs is Elsie the Pup. “Elsie is now 12 1/2 years old, but thinks she’s still a pup,”

March-April 2007 Wiseman wrote to this regional editor. “Her mother was a Lab and her father was an alley dog, so she is the perfect digging companion.”

They uncovered three Trask’s Magnetic Ointment bottles, a very rare, clear small bottle embossed Telephone Pile Liniment, Mfg’d. by Janes & Tibbits, Des Moines, Iowa and an unusual pottery flask in the shape of an elk’s tooth with a clock, an elk and “Cervus Alges” on it. Perhaps Elks Club members can identify it.

Other bottles that surfaced included a crown top Des Moines Steam Bottling Works, Neuderman & Company, Des Moines, Iowa, two crown top sodas embossed ABC Bottling Works, Des Moines, Iowa, a Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters and assorted Des Moines drug store bottles.

Fletcher likes to post Oklahoma bottles sold on eBay and in this issue included neat drawings and photos of each container. A Chickasha (Indian Territory) Bottling Works Hutchinson in good condition brought $659, a D. Warren / Druggist / Comanche, Oklahoma netted $182.50 and a mini jug stenciled The Vendome / Buren & Mattingly / Kingfisher, O.T., sold for $702.

The East Tennessee Antique Bottle & Collectibles Society is planning show for June 1-2 at the Kerbela Shrine Temple in downtown Knoxville. More information can be obtained from Cindy Proteau, 314 Patty Road, Knoxville, TN (phone (865) 974-9753.

The club’s newsletter, Treasures & Tidbits, carried an interesting story in its December issue. Ed Miller, a club member, gave a talk on log cabin-related items, including bottles, tins, ephemera, pitchers, spoons and more. That talk came naturally since he is a builder of log homes. During the club’s October meeting, Miller shared items from his vast collection, including Towle log cabin spoons and William Henry Harrison presidential campaign coins.

A big show-and-tell session was a highlight of the October meeting of The State of Franklin (Tenn.) Antique Bottle & Collectibles Association. Melissa Milner, editor of the club’s Groundhog Gazette, described the scene: Harold Carlton brought in an embossed, clear Blue Bird Soda from Johnson City, Tenn., Jerry Brown had a M.P. Dyer & Co., shot glass from Bristol, Va., Wade Cox showed a Julep Bottling Co., embossed bottle with paper label from Kingsport, Tenn., and Geff Moore showed a rare

Bottles and Extras Hippity Hop Pop 12-ounce soda can. Pete Wyatt showed an amber Dr. Panhorst’s Indigestion Powders from the East Tennessee Medicine Co., in Jonesboro, and a paper-labeled F.E. Britton City Druggist from Jonesboro.

During the November meeting, club officers nominated for 2007 were Fred Milner, president; Geff Moore, vice president; Sam Crowder, treasurer, and Peggy Cox, secretary.

During the show and tell, Carlton brought in a variety of Pepsi bottles, Bart Long showed an amber G.R. Sharpe Old Style Whiskey and other whiskey memorabilia from Jett & Co., 1907. Mrs. Milner brought in a pair of cornflower blue fruit jars – one a rare 1860s jar and the other an Atlas Strong Shoulders pint from the early 1900s.

Marty Vollmer, writing in the unnamed newsletter of the South Carolina Bottle Club, notes that a cobalt Steincke & Kornahrens, E.M. Gatchell, a blue Schlepegrell, a green Smith & Co. (all Charleston sodas) and many S.C. Dispensary bottles had been unearthed by Low Country collectors. Two whiskey top palmetto tree quart dispensaries and two half-pint jo-jo palmetto tree dispensary flasks came out of the state’s Midlands section, while a nice piece of old Catawba pottery and a pint strapside palmetto tree dispensary flask saw the light Upstate.

The Raleigh (N.C.) Bottle Club has a newsletter once again, thanks to club member Marshall Clements. His five-page Bottle Talk, dedicated in honor of former editor Janie Raper, who was forced to step aside because of illness, contains items of interest, Christmas party photos in color and club awards.

Best Go-With over $50 was a Mountain Dew blueprint owned by Pepsi Nut Donnie Medlin. Best Go-With under $50 was a Pepsi-Cola soda jerk hat owned by Whitt Stallings. Best bottle over $50 was a tie between Pem Woodlief’s gallon Pepsi jug and Donnie Medlin’s J.P. Jones whiskey.

Best bottle under $50 was a Zebulon, N.C., pharmacy bottle owned by David Bunn.

Heading the club this year are Stallings as president, Bunn as vice president, Sterling Mann as secretary and Robert Holloman as treasurer.

Members of the Horse Creek Antique Bottle Club of Warrenville, S.C., were treated to a talk about North Augusta’s Riverfront Potters by club members Tony Riley and Byron Baynham during the

Bottles and Extras November meeting. They displayed jugs and pots from their own collections. No meeting was held during December.

This editor gave a talk about Augusta’s many drug store bottles during the January meeting and handed out lists showing the name of each druggist known to produce bottles and the dates of each’s operations.

He provided examples of rare and common bottles from his collection.

The January issue of Probe & Plunder highlighted Dr. W.M Pitts of Thomson, Ga., developer of Pitts’ Antiseptic Invigorator, Dr. W.M. Pitts’ Carminative (a baby

March-April 2007 medicine), Pitts’ Antiseptic Cough Cure, Pitts’ Antiseptic Eye Water and Pitts’ Cold Cure.

“Plunder” included 15 South Carolina Dispensary bottles hand-dug by Harvey Teal and Jim Edenfield (only one was embossed with the palmetto tree; the others were all SCD monograms). The pair also hand-dug 49 marbles, of which 35 were the handpainted china variety; a pipe with a skull and crossbones on the bowl, a Doyle’s Hop Bitters and a Thomas Ink. Pontiled Charleston sodas from Gatchell and Charles Clark were dug, but criers included three

Western Regional News Ken Lawler & Dar 6677 Oak Forest Drive Oak Park, CA 91377 (818) 889-5451 kenlawler@adelphia.net

11 broken pontiled Colleton Bitters, a broken blue Eagle soda and a topless pontiled green umbrella ink.

Bill Marks continues to edit the Diggers Dispatch, newsletter of the M-T Bottle Collectors Association of DeLand, Fla. He extracted some general information about pottery bottles from Cecil Munsey’s Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles (Hawthorn Books, New York, 1970) for his January issue. The contents of Cecil’s popular book (long out of print, but still available at internet sources) are still relevant today.

Dottie Daugherty has resigned her post as our Western Editor. We thank her wholeheartedly for the time she volunteered to give us and will miss her.

The position for Western Regional News Editor now belongs to Ken Lawler and Dar. Many will remember Scott Grandstaff’s references to ‘Ken and Dar’ in his regional reports. Now we will hear from them first hand. Ken is also the secretary of the Los Angeles Historical Bottle Club.

Western clubs - please begin sending your newsletters to Ken at the address or E-mail address on the left.

Welcome Ken and Dar! We are proud to have you on board.

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12

March-April 2007

Bottles and Extras

Taking Aim at A-I-M A Mystery No Longer

By Harvey S. Teal During the 1960s when bottle digging became popular with a number of us in central South Carolina, our finds sometimes included a bottle embossed with A-I-M in a diamond and the wording “Trademark Registered.”

We learned what the initials meant when we found a clear, 7 1/2-high, extract-type bottle embossed vertically with the initials and the wording “Acid Iron Mineral Co., Columbia, S.C.” We could find no listing of this company in any city directory or any advertisement of it in local newspapers or other publications. We knew nothing beyond what the bottles we found conveyed to us.

However, we did speculate that this bottle may have been a “national” bottle since it showed up in a number of South Carolina places without an embossed town name.

In 1976, fellow South Carolina Bottle Club member Paul Jeter and I produced a small publication entitled Columbia’s Past in Glass, in which we included the above information about A-I-M. Until recently, we learned nothing further about the bottle. Paul did turn up a tin advertising sign for A-I-M in Sumter, S.C., but it revealed no insights into this company’s origins or history.

A few months ago, a fellow collector of South Carolina paper items showed Paul a small pamphlet he recently had acquired locally.

To Paul’s surprise, he now held in his hands the answers to many questions about AI-M we had sought for more than 40 years. The friend provided us copies of the pamphlet and I can now share this newly discovered information.

The pamphlet measures 3 1 /2 x 6 inches, contains eight pages with sections on A-I-M history, diseases it will cure, endorsements,

guarantees and the company address. No date of the publication is recorded but the latest dated endorsement letter from an individual is Aug. 12, 1901. The pamphlet likely was published in the latter part of that year, about five years before the Pure Food and Drug Act curtailed the manufacture, distribution and sale of many patent medicines.

Information in the pamphlet appears to have been provided by the Mississippi A-I-M Company and the Columbia franchise or seller added its information such as name and address. It further appears the Columbia, S.C., A-I-M Co., had the franchise for South Carolina, although the pamphlet contains no information about

franchising or other methods of distributing the product.

The A-I-M company history found on page 2 of the pamphlet reads: “On a farm about five miles South of Hickory (Miss.) is the great wonder of the nineteenth century. There is a mineral deposit resembling soft rock. In cutting a millrace through this in 1891, it was discovered that it would stop the flow of blood from a wound. It was also found to cure Chronic Sores, Ground Itch and many other things. This led to experimenting with it, which soon proved into stood out like a monarch over nearly all chronic diseases.

“This mineral is thrown into hoppers, and by leaching we obtain the most wonderful medicine in the world as shown by its analysis and curative powers. Its use is becoming known to suffering humanity, and many sufferer is made to rejoice again in health, even though on the verge of the grave. It seems that the All-Wise Creator brought this to light when the human family had come to its greatest need of a true and safe medicine, one that will reach and relieve suffering humanity, for it is now estimated that at least 90 percent of the human race is burdened with ailments more or less severe. Thousands of people leave their homes in search of mineral water to cure these ailments. They leave home and all that is dear to them, neglect business and travel hundreds of miles in search of nature’s remedy.

“Board and traveling expenses are incurred, and only too often no improvement in health is received. Only a small quantity of this expense is needed to restore health, and the patient may remain comfortably at home. It takes from one-half to one teaspoonful of Acid Iron

Bottles and Extras Mineral for an adult three times a day. The analysis made by the state chemist of Mississippi in 1894 shows eight prominent factors of the human body — it is truly God’s prescription, compounded by his own hand.

“Those who use it rejoice in health and declare hundreds of dollars and much suffering are saved by Acid Iron Mineral.

The money once spent for doctor’s bills so saved,. And can be used to make our homes more happy. Many homes where suffering was thought to be relieved only by death can now rejoice in health.”

The section on diseases cured by Acid Iron Mineral lists about every disease known to man at the time and the ones not listed are included by an “etc.” Elsewhere in the pamphlet, cures for some diseases in

March-April 2007 mules, hogs and cows are also described.

Small bottles of A-I-M cost 25 cents and larger ones 50 cents.

The endorsement letter section includes 14 from eight South Carolina towns spread across the state. As indicated earlier, all the endorsements are from 1901. Two endorsements are from the North Carolina towns of Hickory and Raleigh and three are from the Mississippi towns of Hattiesburg, Bay Springs and Springer. Dr. R.C. Johnson’s endorsing letter dated in 1897 in Springer, Miss., indicates he had been prescribing A-I-M since 1893. The company could not have gone into business before the discovery of A-I-M in 1891, but certainly was in business by 1893.

The company makes five specific

13 “guarantees” and at the end lists M.Oats, General Manager, Bay Springs, Miss., as the company official issuing them. Bay Springs is located 40 miles southwest of Meridian, Miss., in Jasper County, about 50 miles from the Alabama line.

In conclusion, the A-I-M Company was headquartered in Bay Springs, Miss., and its product was distributed and sold by licensing, franchising or direct sales over several Southern states from about 1892 until the early 1900s. The author knows of only the Columbia, S.C., example of A-IM to have a city and state embossing.

Readers having additional information on A-I-M bottles from their states are urged to contact the author, Harvey S. Teal, 2337 Terrace Way, Columbia, SC 29205.

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Bottles and Extras

The Steal

By Charles David Head Copyright © 2007 Sand Mountain begins near Gadsden,.

Ala., and extends northward to a point above Bridgeport, Ala., where the Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee state lines converge.

Many small towns and communities dot the top of the scenic mountain as well as around its foot, with some of them predating the Civil War. In the spring of 1981, in Stevenson, Alabama, I was traveling across town to pick up a friend to go on an antique bottlehunting expedition. We’d planned the trip a month back and that day was our time to go. At this juncture in my life, I’d been collecting antique bottles for nearly six years. I’d had a few successes, a lot of failures and a ton of fun in my quest.

Since March 1979, I had been hunting old bottles, arrowheads and Civil War relics with my good friend, Terry, from Signal Mountain, Tenn. Terry was always ready at a moment’s notice to go on the prowl for long-lost loot from yesteryear. So it was on this chilly May morning that we were cruising the byways and highways across the Tennessee River from Stevenson in my green ‘72 Ford LTD (a.k.a. the Green Hornet), looking for old home places to search for antique bottles.

On this particular morning, Terry’s wife, Rita, decided to join us, and since no babysitter could be found on such short notice, she brought along their 2-year-old daughter April. Since she was a good ol’ country girl, I had no doubts that Rita would fare very well out in the boondocks with us menfolk, regardless of what Mother Nature might throw at us.

We turned down the old Loyd Ferry Road near South Coon Creek, literally catching our breaths at times when we glimpsed beautiful scenery during our drive. Tall mountains, wide, fertile valleys, passive streams, abundant wildlife, spring flowers and fresh green carpets of new grass reminded me of a recent sermon I’d heard at church about the Garden of Eden and how its first inhabitants had enjoyed its splendor.

I was enraptured by the beauty of the Tennessee River valley as Adam and Eve must have been with the beauty of their paradise at the beginning of time.

Driving down one long stretch of road, Terry spotted an old house sitting at the foot of the mountain in a grove of trees near a spring-fed creek. The house was not as old as I would have liked, probably built no later than 1910. Still, I thought there may be some keepers there in the way of soda and milk bottles.

I was hesitant to pull into the dirt and unkempt driveway, since we didn’t know who owned the house and we didn’t have permission to be on the property.

Having a woman and child with us made me doubly cautious, but Terry was eager to get on with the show. He said “it would be a steal” to slip in there and check out the old home place without anyone seeing us.

The house sat off a dead end road and besides, he said, we could always come up with an excuse should the owner catch us on the scene.

I looked in the back seat to ask Rita, and although there was some doubt in her eyes, she said, “What the heck, let’s check it out.”

So like Adam many generations before me, we took a woman’s advice and went where no man had gone before (at least, without permission).

Terry and I scoured the house and yard for bottles and relics. Rita took April by the hand and was busy gathering a bountiful harvest of white lilies that were scattered about the yard in bunches. An hour’s search

of the place yielded only a half-dozen or so milk bottles from a leaning outbuilding, some embossed and some with applied color labels.

Not being a big fan of milk bottles, I decided to expand my search to the back of the yard where it met the mountainside. As I got close to a thicket at the head of the spring which fed the nearby creek, I began to smell an odor. It smelled familiar, but I just couldn’t place it.

Then it hit me! It was the unmistakable odor of silage! Two smells a country boy will never forget is that from a pigpen and that from silage. I parted the blackberry bushes and made my way past the spring and there was a whiskey still cooking its “mountain dew.” It dawned on me that it might not be a good idea to hang around the premises much longer. In fact, it

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Oldtime lawman stands near to illicit whiskey still. (Courtesy of Ron Fowler) probably wasn’t safe!

Having descended from a long line of moonshiners myself, I was well aware that a guard might be posted nearby. As a child, my father, Lee Head, had often enchanted me with stories about his making “shine” during the 1930s and ‘40s while a friend pulled guard duty in case a revenue man came snooping around. It had been only a few years back when I was toting sacks of sugar, corn and yeast up a steep mountainside near Richard City, Tenn., to one of my friend’s still. I also had the unfortunate honor of being close by cutting firewood when his workings were raided by the Marion County Sheriff’s Department. Some 62 gallons of some of the best “white lightning” ever produced in that neck of the woods were confiscated.

Eventually, I came out of my daze and remembering we had a woman and small child with us, I took off at a trot to warn them of the dangers should we be caught on the property by whoever was operating the still. I told them to get into the car immediately, that we were leaving, when up the driveway came a decrepit old pickup truck with a grizzled old timer behind the wheel. I stood stock-still in the yard as the driver pulled up the truck next to me.

I looked at the solemn, leathered face of the old fellow and could not help but notice a large pistol on the passenger seat

beside him. The hole in its long barrel looked like the business end of the World War I howitzer guarding the courthouse square in Scottsboro, Ala. Never shutting off the truck’s engine, the old timer spat out a cud of dark chawing tobacco and finally asked me what we were doing around there. When I told him we were just looking for old bottles, he exclaimed, “You’ve got to be kidding me!”

I could see he didn’t believe a word I said. After a minute or so, he asked me to follow him down the road a ways so we could talk. I realized that he thought we’d seen his still and in order to be sure we kept quiet about it, he intended to kill us all if we should be naive enough to follow him down a dead-end country road for a neighborly chat!

Needing a ruse to get away, I agreed and climbed into my car. Instead of following him, I sped off in the opposite direction toward town. Much to my dismay, I looked in the rearview mirror and saw he had turned his truck around and was following us. In a few seconds, he had closed the gap between us and was blowing his horn, trying his best to pass me. Not daring to let him get in front, or even beside my car lest he use the “Green Hornet” for target practice, I sped up and drove in the middle of the narrow, two-lane road.

Former race car driver Richard Petty sure would have been proud of the way I

15 drove those curving country roads at speeds that kept my passengers breathless and my rapidly beating heart stuck in my throat. The old timer stayed in hot pursuit all the way back across the Tennessee River and into the Stevenson city limits. It was then that Terry and Rita came out of their stupor and asked me a million questions about who was chasing us and why. I told them and got a respite from their nervous questions by asking them to keep an eye out for our pursuer.

After not spotting him for several blocks, I pulled into a convenience store parking lot thankful the chase was over.

I then thought of little April. I had not heard so much as a whimper from her during all the excitement. Her mother lifted the child, who had fallen asleep, from her lap and I was so relieved that tears came to my eyes.

I thought we’d left her behind!

While Rita went into the store, Terry told me he thought he’d heard the man shooting at us. But we checked out the car and found no bullet holes and I thought Terry had just imagined it, or the old timer was a poor shot.

Rita also had the presence of mind to pick up the milk bottles and place them into the car. I gave her some of my share in appreciation.

AUTHOR’S NOTE: This is a true story and is based on an event that happened to me 25 years ago. It’s an excellent example of why you should always get permission to go onto private property.

By the way, from 1989 until 1993 I lived a mere two blocks from the moonshiner on the same street in Bridgeport, Ala. But when we’d meet, he’d wave and smile at me as if we’d never met on that fateful day in 1981!

Do you have a good story to tell?

If so, please send it and share it with all of us. We’d love to hear it.

Send it to: Kathy Sathe, Editor 341 Yellowstone Drive Fletcher, NC 28732 E-mail: kathysathe@gmail.com

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HEROIN® and ASPIRIN® The Connection! & The Collection! - Part II

By Cecil Munsey Copyright © 2005 In Part I, the history of Heroin was covered. Part II concludes the article with the History of Aspirin.

II. History of Aspirin The roots of aspirin are deep and go back in history over twenty-five hundred years. As early as 500 BC Chinese healers used willow bark as a remedy.

Hippocrates himself, the Greek father of modern medicine (460–377 BC), suggested chewing willow bark to lower fever and reduce pain. It was he who held the recipe for the pain reliever and fever reducer made from the bark and leaves of the willow tree.

The actual recipe was buried with him, and was not re-discovered until 80 AD when P e d a n i u s Dioscorides (40Figure 24 90 AD), a Greek physician [Figure 24], prescribed willow bark to reduce inflam-mation in his patients.

Before Dioscorides, Gaius Pinius Cecilius Secundus (23-79 AD), known as “Pliny the Elder,” [Figure 25] used willow bark to treat sciatica and other ailments.

Figure 25 In the early 1700s European settlers encountered “Indians” (Native Americans) using willow bark medicinally.

In 1763 the Royal Society of London published an article by the Rev. Edward Stone, “Account of the success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues,” officially reporting what had been folklore for centuries. More specifically, he told of fifty feverish patients treated with willow bark. (That was the first known human clinical trial of willow bark as a medicine.)

Two Italians, Luigi Brugnatelli and Joanes de Fontana, in 1826 found that the active ingredient in willow bark was salicin.

Three years later, in 1829, a French chemist Henri Leroux, in his laboratory, obtained salicin in its pure form.

A well-known folk medicine of the day in Sweden, which was a good pain reliever, was meadowsweet (spires ulmaria).

In 1831 a Swiss pharmacist from Berne, Johann Pagenstecher, extracted a substance from meadowsweet, which later prompted a German chemist Karl Jacob Lowig, in 1835, to obtain an acid from the substance Pagenstecher had extracted. Lowig named it “salicylic acid.”

Charles Frederick Von Gerhardt, a Professor of Chemistry at France’s Montpellier University, first synthesized the active ingredient in 1853 by combining salicylic acid with acetic acid.

Creation of Aspirin® In 1897, Felix Hoffmann, a chemist with Frederick Bayer & Co. [Figure 26] who was anxious to find a drug to help relieve the painful symptoms of his father ’s arthritis, modified salicylic acid to acetylsalicylic acid to make it less harsh on the stomach.

Actually, Hoffmann on Figure 26 instructions from his boss, researcher Arthur Eichengruen, discovered a new process for modifying salicylic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) – later named “aspirin.”

Arthur Eichengruen [Figure 27] enthusiastically recommended ASA to Dreser in 1898.

Dreser, who after cursory consideration, rejected it. Ostensibly, his objection was that ASA would have an “enfeebling” action on the heart.

“The product has no value,” Figure 27 he pronounced confidently. But the real problem was almost certainly that he had another product on his mind whose impending success he was anxious not to jeopardize. This, of

course, was heroin.

On March 6, 1899, Friedrick Bayer & Co. patented the new compound and began the distribution of ASPIRIN® in powder form.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Bayer distributed aspirin powder in envelopes free to many physicians to give to their patients. Aspirin® was an immediate success and very soon was the number one drug worldwide.

It was sold only as a powder for just a short time. The company’s switch from dyes to pharmaceuticals was so rapid the first lots of aspirin as a powdered drug were compounded and placed in recycled beer bottles wrapped in towels for protection. That was before the company decided to invest in suitable equipment, proper facilities for its production and sale in cork-stoppered paperlabelled generic medicine bottles [Figure 28].

The tablet form of the drug, the first waterFigure 28 soluble pharmaceutical drug ever produced, was introduced in 1900. Its launch also marked the commercial introduction of the first-ever compressed tablet drug. This new method eliminated the need to package individual doses in paper bags or envelopes and thus cut costs by half.

It was around 1915 that Aspirin® began to be marketed in small tins in addition to bottles [Figures 29, 30, and 31].

Bayer retained many of the methods used previously in the sale of dyestuffs in highly competitive markets: sales representatives, advertisements in trade Figure 29 journals, and the use of patents and trade names. By restricting its marketing to the pharmaceutical and medical professions, Bayer avoided the

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007 thus sealing Rasputin’s influence over the queen. (Many historians believe Rasputin’s influence was one of the factors leading to the weakening of the Russian monarchy, leading to its eventual overthrow in 1917, followed by the rise of communism there.)

Figure 30

Figure 31

unseemly trappings of the nostrum trade and established itself as a member of the “ethical” medicine fraternity.

Aspirin and Hemophilia – A true story Generations of inbreeding had led most of the royal families of Europe to be affected by various genetic diseases, the most prominent being hemophilia, a lack of clotting factors in the blood that can cause victims to literally bleed to death from the slightest cut. The tsarevich (Czar) heir to the throne of Russia was one of those affected. His physicians prescribed aspirin, the wonder drug from the West.

As aspirin is a blood thinner, this actually worsened the hapless boy’s condition.

Gregory Efinovich Rasputin (1869-1916) [Figure 32], a Figure 32 charismatic monk, advised the royal family to shun the impious potions of the western heretics and to adopt his brand of faith healing.

Removing the aspirin treatment led to an improvement in the tsarevich’s condition,

Aspirin in the 20th century In 1917 Bayer’s patent on Aspirin® ran out, allowing other companies to sell acetylsalicylic acid. Bayer retained the trademarked name, “Aspirin,” at least temporarily.

Aspirin’s success ended up costing the Bayer Company a great deal of money, when the U.S., England, France, and Russia forced it to surrender the Aspirin® trademark to them, as part of Germany’s war reparations at the close of World War I. Bayer was forced to give up the trademark in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, which explains why aspirin, stripped of its trademark, is now a generic name and is written in the lower case. (Bayer also held, and had to give up, its trademark to Heroin® at the end of World War I.) As early as 1903, the medical profession accepted Aspirin® as a safe and effective remedy for backache. That was the first of a variety of acceptances of Aspirin® by doctors.

Until 1915 Aspirin® was only available by prescription. After that Aspirin® became available without a prescription [Figure 33].

In 1929 Bayer toured America in a car Figure 33

17 Figure 34

plastered with aspirin advertising [Figure 34].

By the 1930s, aspirin was considered the number one painkiller. Numerous authors have mentioned it in their books. Many of them, like Thomas Mann and Franz Kafka, believed in its pain relieving and antiinflammatory effects and said so.

By 1933 it was accepted as a safe and effective remedy for arthritis.

Aspirin is known almost everywhere from New York to Tokyo, from Berlin to Sydney.

The product has been advertised heavily over the years. It came in containers of cardboard during World War II Figure 35 [Figure 35].

In 1948 Dr. Lawrence Carven, a California general practitioner, noticed that the 400 men he prescribed aspirin to as a blood thinner hadn’t suffered any heart attacks. After that observation, he regularly recommended to all patients and colleagues that “an aspirin a day” could dramatically reduce the risk of heart attack. Despite publishing his results first in the Annals of Western Medicine and Surgery, and later after a more extensive study in the Mississippi Valley Medical Journal, Dr. Craven’s reports were generally ignored.

It took the scientific community more than a decade to recognize Vane’s contribution. In 1982 Sir John Vane was finally awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for reporting the inhibition of prostaglandinsynthesis by acetylsalicylic acid.

Children’s Chewable Aspirin was introduced in 1952.

In 1969 Bayer Aspirin tablets were included in the self-medication kits taken to the moon by the Apollo II astronauts.

Aspirin proved very effective in combating the headaches and muscle pains that immobility.

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Further research proved, in 1975, that low-dose aspirin prevents heart attack in people with some types of heart disease.

Just three years later, in 1978, research proved that aspirin reduces the risk of stroke.

Collecting of aspirin memorabilia is carried on today and many things are made to celebrate the continued success of aspirin such as these gold cuff links used to contain aspirin tablets on a shirt with French cuffs [Figure 36].

Figure 36

How aspirin works “In 1971 British pharmacologist, Sir John R. Vane discovered aspirin reduces the production of hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, which are produced in tissues throughout the body.

Prostaglandins have many functions. They are part of the chemical messenger systems involved in feeling pain, fever, the redness and swelling that can accompany injuries, and even in contracting certain muscles, for example, the uterus. Since aspirin lowers the amount of prostaglandins, it can help alleviate conditions like pain, fever and the discomfort of menstrual cramps. Aspirin also reduces production of substances involved in the early stages of our body’s blood clotting mechanism. That is why doctors may prescribe aspirin, as part of a regimen including diet and exercise, for appropriate individual with cardiovascular disease.”

In 1982 more studies proved that aspirin reduces the risk of heart attack in men at high-risk for heart disease.

Toleraid® microcoating (clear-coat) was added to Genuine Bayer Aspirin in 1984 to make the tablets easier to swallow.

In 1988 the use of aspirin expanded beyond pain relief to that of a potential lifesaver. The FDA approved aspirin for reducing the risk of recurrent MI

(myocardial infarction) or heart attack and preventing MI in patients with unstable angina. The FDA also approved the use of aspirin for the prevention of recurrent transient-ischemic attacks or “mini-strokes” in men and made aspirin standard therapy for previous strokes in men. In the same year preliminary studies suggested that aspirin aided gallstone treatment.

A study, in 1989, revealed that low-dose aspirin taken every other day reduced the risk of heart disease by nearly 50 percent in healthy men. In the same year studies indicated that aspirin may slow the development of cataracts.

Aspirin is over 100 years old. In 1990 studies proved that aspirin taken every other day reduces migraine attacks.

Studies of aspirin proved that it helps prevent colon and rectal cancers (1991).

Other studies demonstrated that aspirin reduces the risk of heart attacks in women (1991).

In 1999 Genuine Bayer Aspirin and Extra Strength Bayer Aspirin Gelcaps were introduced.

Needless to say, aspirin use has broadened significantly to include much more than headaches and pain. This remarkably simple drug derived from the bark of a willow tree has become the most prevalent compound ever devised in the history of pharmacology.

After a century of active proliferation and ever-wider acceptance and use, aspirin was formally inducted into the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History in 1999.

To-date, no drug has been able to rival the success of aspirin – the first every synthetic compound.

Collectors of aspirin memorabilia (bottles, tins, advertising and history) can be proud of their accumulations of a very historic and important pharmaceutical product.

Americans consume over 50 million aspirin tablets every day – which is over 15 billion tablets a year. In the U. S. alone,

Cecil Munsey 13541 Willow Run Road Poway, CA 92064-1733 (858) 487-7036 cecilmunsey@cox.net

Bottles and Extras more than 10,000 tons is used annually.

Aspirin has already established a solid reputation for itself in many areas as chronicled here. The next 100 years will show us what other possibilities it might have both for patients and collectors.

References: [Anonymous]. “Expertise With Responsibility – Bayer” http:// respir.med.unisi.it/bayer.htm [Anonymous]. Nostrums and Quackery.

Chicago:. American Medical Association, 1912.

[Anonymous]. “Stroke Warning on Aspirin Therapy,” BBC NEWS, February 5, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/hi/ health/4229599.stm Grinspoon, Lester & Bakalar, James B. COCAINE – A Drug and its Social Evolution.

New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1976.

Hegde, Prof. B. M. “History of Aspirin.” M. A. H. E. University, http:// ww.bmhegde.com/aspiriin history.html Jeffreys, Diarmuid. ASPIRIN The Remarkable Story of A Wonder Drug. New York & London: Bloomsbury (Holtzbrinck Publishers), 2003.

Mann, Charles C. & Plummer, Mark L. THE ASPIRIN WARS – Money, Medicine, and 100 Years of Rampant Competition.

New York: Alfred A. Knops, 1991.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to COLLECTING BOTTLES. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc. 1970.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to the COLLECTIBLES OF COCA-COLA. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc. 1972.

Pollack, Andrew. “The Search for the Killer Painkiller,” New York Times, February 5, 2005.

Rosenfeld, Dr. Isadore. “The Miracle In Your Medicine Cabinet,” PARADE magazine, January 1, 2006.

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About Sanborn Maps

By Bret Heinemann Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps were originally produced for insurance underwriters who used them to determine risks and establish premiums. Besides bottle collectors and diggers, these maps are now used by individuals doing research for projects in archaeology, architectural studies, ethnic studies, geography, genealogy, history, hobbyists, preservation, and urban studies.

Because of the increasing need for fire insurance through the years as a result of growing populations in cities and towns, insurance underwriters needed a help in determining insurance rates and risks. Fire insurance maps provide a wealth of knowledge about the layout of cities block by block and building by building.

Some examples of early fire insurance maps include Richard Horwood’s 17921799 map of London.

One of the earliest maps of San Francisco is S.J. Gower’s 1851 map showing the extent of the fire damage. Most Sanborn maps in archives and collections are dated after 1884, because in the year 1884 the Library of Congress established new copyright deposit requirements. Today, Sanborn maps are produced mainly for large cities.

Since the original purpose of these maps was to be used by fire insurance companies, the maps need to be read and understood from that perspective to make the best use of them.

The layout of towns and cities block by block includes a description of buildings, streets and sidewalks, the location of gas and water pipes, fire hydrants, fire safety information, any out buildings, wells, cisterns, corrals, and even in some cases latrines and dumps.

Sanborn Maps use a code consisting of colors and symbols to represent a wealth of information. This information is found in the key in every map folio. New symbols would be added as technology changed through the years most symbols remained the same since the late 1800s.

The scale used in Sanborn maps is usually one inch for 50 feet (1:600) on sheets 21 inches by 25 inches. There are, however, many maps which are scaled one inch to 100 feet (1:1200).

The information for the maps came from

court documents, real estate notes, and surveys. The maps include all the major parts of a city/town. It should be noted, though, that poor and sparsely populated areas are often omitted.

Sometimes ethnicity is noted on the maps, because the insurance companies regarded certain groups as higher risk. The maps, therefore may not have 100 percent of everything in a town, but they are an excellent record of what is displayed on them.

The different sections of a town are shown on separate pages. Larger towns and cities have an index map at the beginning

to show the overall community and identify the different sections contained on subsequent pages.

Each sheet/page of these maps is identified by a sheet number. City blocks are numbered also, and these numbers help when comparing towns and buildings of different maps produced over several years.

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Sanborn Map Company, Pacific Department, Publishing Plant and Office, San Francisco, Calif., 1926.

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If a new block number is assigned to a block on a new edition of a map, then the old block number would be placed in parentheses next to the new one.

Instead of drawing an entirely new map, many fire insurance maps were updated.

This was done with pasted on corrections and notes. The date(s) of the update is usually in a corrections box. In a large set of maps the correction box is usually at the beginning of a volume.

Streets are described by name and by a block numbers identified on either side.

Information on the width of streets and sidewalks are also given.

Relevant fire safety information is indicated such as the location of fire hydrants, water mains, gas mains, electric lines, and other utilities.

Building materials are identified by a color code. Green or gray indicates a fireproof or adobe construction. Blue indicates a stone or concrete structure. Red indicates a brickstructure. Gray indicates an iron structure. Yellow indicates a wood frame structure. Brick or stone veneers are also noted by colors, and buildings with mixed construction materials are labeled blue and have notation as to their materials on the drawing itself.

Information relating to the height of buildings, chimneys, stove pipes, any skylights, doors, windows, fire escapes, the thickness of walls, garages, elevators, sprinkler systems, asbestos shingles, and building height are all commonly noted on building drawings as well.

Buildings are identified as to what type of business or primary function. For example, churches, hotels, offices, residences (houses, apartments, & boarding houses), saloons, schools, stores, and theatres. Some common abbreviations for types of buildings are: the letter Dfor a dwelling, F for a flat, S for a store, A for an auto garage, and Apts for apartments.

SOME LOCATIONS OF FIRE INSURANCE MAPS A good first place to start is a local library. Here one can find out information

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21

Sanborn Map Company, Central District, Chicago, Ill., 1926. on interlibrary loan contact your local library or company library about eligibility to borrow them through the interlibrary loan. Information needed is the city, date(s) and volume numbers. In regards to copying maps, individuals are responsible for observing copyright laws. The Center for Research Libraries in Chicago holds microfilm of all Sanborn fire insurance maps in the Library of Congress (up through 1970).

EDR Sanborn Maps Environmental Data Resources, Inc. 3530 Post Road Southport, CT 06890 800-352-0050 EDR owns a large and complete collection of Sanborn fire insurance maps and holds the copyrights to Sanborn maps.

This original Sanborn collection has been digitized and can be searched through EDR’s Website: www.edrnet.com/reports/ historical.html.

In addition to the Sanborn maps, EDR

D.A. Sanborn

has historical topographic maps and historical aerial photographs.

Chadwyck-Healey Inc. 1101 King St. Suite 380 Alexandria, VA 22314 Chadwyck-Healey has microfilm copies of Sanborn maps available to academic and public libraries.

Proquest (800) 752-0515 ProQuest Digital Sanborn Maps — Splash Page This is an online subscription service for academic and public libraries. Their website is http://sanborn.umi.com.

Vlad Shkurkin 6025 Rose Arbor Avenue San Pablo, CA 94806-4147 (510) 232-7742 24hr Fax: (510) 236-7050 E-mail: shkurkin@ix.netcom.com Shkurkin has microfilm, facsimiles, and photocopies of selected western U.S. maps available for towns and cities in: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado (western), Idaho, Neveda, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington (Seattle/urban King County), and Wyoming.

WESTERN STATES University of California, Berkley Sanborn Maps The following U.C. Berkley website has information on Sanborn maps and obtaining maps at U.C. Berkley.

Their website is www.lib.berkeley.edu

or specifically at www.lib.berkeley.edu/ EART/sanborn.html U.C. Berkley students, faculty, and staff have priority over others, especially during busy periods of time.

The Sanborn maps at U.C. Berkley are in three locations: 1. The Bancroft Library which has originals.

2. Map Room which has photocopies and microforms.

3. University Archives which has originals of U.C. Berkeley and surroundings.

The Map Room has a self-service microfilm and microfiche reader printers that operates with a VendaCard or cash. The Library Photographic Service (Doe Library) can make photostats, slides, and photographs. Self-service photocopying of original maps in The Bancroft Library and the University Archives is not permitted.

Users are responsible for observing copyright laws.

Stanford Checklist of Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps in Branner Library Branner Earth Sciences Library and Map Collections. www.sul.stanford.edu The San Jose Public Library has digital Sanborn maps in the California room. The

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library online version of the Sanborn maps is browsable and viewable using using Adobe Acrobat reader. Their website is http://www.sjpl.lib.ca.us or http:// www.sjlibrary.org.

Sanborn map information is also available from: E-mail: seleniteman@comcast.net; U.S. Mail: Lewis Mitcham, 935 S. Webster St., Lakewood, CO 80226-4527; Website: www.utahice.com/sanborn/ND.htm. (The “ND� stands for North Dakota and can be replaced by the two letter code of the state for which you are searching information.)

OHIO Digital Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps have been licensed for use by Ohiocitizens by the Ohio Public Library Information Network These Sanborn Maps were digitized from microfilm copies by Chadwyck-Healey a Bell & Howell Information and Learning company.

Thiscompany owns the copyright to these digital files. The website is

www.oplin.lib.oh.us or http:// oplin.lib.oh.us/products/SanbornMaps/ index.cfm.

UTAH To browse or search the Sanborn maps of Utah cities and towns go to www.www.lib.utah.edu or www.lib.utah.edu/digital/sanborn.

VIRGINIA The University of Virginia Library holds a complete microfilm collection of all Virginia cities and towns that were mapped by the Sanborn Map Company from 18851970. The Library also holds a pair of original map books for the City of Charlottesville, for 1907 and 1920. The website is: www.fisher.lib.virginia.edu or h t t p : / / f i s h e r. l i b . v i r g i n i a . e d u / sanborndetails.html.

The following is a listing of institutions which have holdings of Sanborn fire insurance maps: The Geographic Operations Branch,

Bottles and Extras U.S. Bureau of the Census, Jeffersonville, Indiana Alabama Dept. of Archives and History, Montgomery Birmingham Public Library Alaska State Library, Juneau Arizona State University, Tempe University of Arizona, Tucson University of Arkansas, Fayetteville University of California Berkley, Bancroft Library, University of California Santa Cruz, McHenry Library, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo California State University Fresno Henry Madden Library California State University Northridge Western History Dept., Denver Public Library State Historical Society of Colorado, Denver Connecticut State Library, Hartford University of Connecticut Library Historical Society of Delaware, Wilmington Florida Collection Miami-Dade Public Library, Miami R.M. Strozier Library, Florida State University, Tallahassee

October, 1883

December, 1890

June, 1913

January, 1930

Four sections of Sanborn maps showing the same block in Santa Fe, N.Mex., illustrating the changes over periods of time.

Bottles and Extras University of Georgia, Athens Hawaii State Archives, Honolulu Waterhouse Map Room, Pacific Scientific Research Center, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu University of Idaho, Moscow University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign Indiana State Library, Indianapolis Indiana University, Geography & Map Library, Bloomington University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City.

Grout Museum of History and Science, Waterloo Kansas State Historical Society Archives Division University of Kansas Libraries, Lawrence University of Kentucky, Lexington Lousiana State University and Agriculture and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge Maine Historical Society, Portland Bangor Public Library Building & Inspection Office, Bangor City Hall University of Maryland, Geography Department, College Park Massachusetts State Library Insurance Library Association of Boston Detroit Public Library State Archives of Michigan, Lansing Clark Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul University of Missouri, Columbia St. Louis Public Library Montana Historical Society, Helena Nebraska State Historical Society, Lincoln Nevada State Historical Society, Reno New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord New Jersey Historical Society, Newark University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, Buffalo New York Public Library, Map Division North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill Ohio Historical Society Archives Library, Columbus Kent State University, Kent University of Oklahoma,

March-April 2007 Norman Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon Historical Society, Portland Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Free Library of Philadelphia, Philadelphia City Planning Commission Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence Brown University, Providence South Caroliniania Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Dakota State Archives, Pierre Tennesee State Library, Nashville Chattanooga Public Library Dallas Public Library Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Gus W. Bailey Library, University of Vermont, Burlington Virginia State Library, Richmond Virginia Historical Society, Richmond Seattle Public Library University of Washington, Seattle State Historical Society of Wisconsin West Virginia University Library, Morgantown Coe Library, University of Wyoming, Laramie Vancouver City Archives, Canada Vancouver Public Library, Canada Victoria City Archives, Canada Special Collections Div., Historical Columbia, Vancouver, Canada University of British McMaster

23 University, Hamilton, Alberta The following books contain names of institutions which have collections of older maps of cities and towns in the United States and some listings for Canada.

For More Information: Catalogue of Sanborn Atlases at California State University, Northridge, Gary W. Rees and Mary Hoeber (Occasional Paper No.1) Z6028.42 copyright 1973.

Union List of Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps Held by Institutions in the United States and Canada. Volume 1, Alabama to Missouri, R. Philip Hoelin. Z6026.17H63 Occasional paper Western Association of Map Libraries No. 2.

Union List of Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps Held by Institutions in the United States and Canada. Volume 2, Montana to Wyoming, Canada and Mexico, William S. Peterson-Hunt and Evelyn L. Woodruff.

Occasional paper Western Association of Maps No.3.

Fire Insurance Plans in the National Map Collection [Canada], 1977.

Description and Utilization of the Sanborn Map. Sanborn Map Company, 1949, 1960.

Description and Utilization of the New Reduced Size Sanborn Map. Sanborn Map Company, “U.S. Fire Insurance Maps, 1852-1968� W. W. Ristow Surveying and Mapping 30 (1970): 19-41 Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress (July 1968):194-217. Reprint: 1970.

Fire Insurance Maps in the Library of Congress: Plans of North American Cities and Towns Produced by the Sanborn Map Company: a Checklist. 1981.

There are excerpts from Fire Insurance Maps in the Library of Congress: A checklist compiled by the Reference and Bibliography Section, Geography and Map Division available for viewing at: www.lib.berkeley.edu/ EART/snb-intr.html.

There is another article about Sanborn maps at: www.ancestry.com/library/view/ columns/eastman/4039.asp.

Bret Heinemann P.O. Box 291 Atascadero, CA 93423

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March-April 2007

Bottles and Extras

Bottles from the S.S. Republic

By Bill Baab When Odyssey Marine Exploration’s robotic submersible Zeus turned its powerful lights onto a wrecked steamship called Republic, stacks of gold coins weren’t the only things that glittered on the Atlantic Ocean bottom.

More than 6,000 bottles sparkled under the lights for the first time in 138 years. The Republic, enroute from New York to New Orleans, foundered in hurricane-force winds in October 1865 and then sunk in 1,700 feet of water off the coast of Savannah, Georgia. The wreck was discovered in July 2003.

Now, for the first time, readers of Bottles and Extras can discover for themselves the amazing variety of glass containers scooped from the depths. Ellen Gerth, Odyssey Marine Exploration’s curator of collections, describes them all in her 2006 112-page booklet, “Bottles from the Deep.”

One would think the tremendous water pressure at that depth would pulverize fragile things like bottles, but that wasn’t the case.

“Amazingly, most of the bottles were found unbroken,” Mrs. Gerth writes in her booklet’s introduction. “Many retained their original corks, often pushed inward by the great water pressure at the depth of 1,700 feet. A number of bottles, however, still hold remnants of the contents they once carried.”

Neil Cunningham Dobson, Odyssey’s principal archaeologist, notes that the bottle collection is “one of the largest ever recovered from a shipwreck (and) provides a fascinating insight into the technology, manufacturing and everyday use of the many types of bottled contents popular in America just after the Civil War.” Equally amazing is the technology used to recover everything from gold and silver coins to historical artifacts, including the bottles.

“From the research vessel, Odyssey Explorer, the nine-foot-square and eight-ton remotely operated vehicle (ROV) named Zeus, configured for archaeological investigation, survey and recovery, was the system used for the investigation and excavation of the SS Republic,” Mr. Dobson said in a report shared with Bottles & Extras readers.

He noted that “ROV technology has been successfully used in the offshore oil

industry, the pipeline and cable industries and for scientific and survey investigations of the deep oceans of the world.

“The excavation and recovery of the bottles followed careful archaeological standards and practices,” he said. “The recovery process was painstakingly slow and took many months to complete. Each bottle was delicately excavated and picked up by a silicone rubber limpet suction device attached to the ROV’s port manipulator arm. Consisting of a soft bellows-type tube with a small suction pad at its end, this device could pick up tiny items such as buttons weighing less than a few grams. When fitted with a large suction pad, the limpet is capable of lifting objects comparable to the weight of an average man. As each bottle was lifted and placed in a recovery basket, its position (at the wreck site) was systematically documented by data-loggers who tracked all activities performed by the ROV during each dive to the wreck site.”

As for the bottles, what types were represented?

They ran the gamut of patent medicines, bitters, foodstuffs, inks, beers and ales, mineral waters, whiskeys, hair tonics, perfumes and wines.

“Those with their contents still remaining, often mixed with sea water, were a challenge to clean and the smells that

emanated from these century-old glass containers were overwhelming,” Mr. Dobson continued. “I soon dubbed the phrase, ‘One can smell the history!’”

Mrs. Gerth takes each type one by one with color photos accompanying each of the six major chapters in which each brand or type of bottle is thoroughly documented.

Knowledgeable collectors will see rare colors in the Drake’s Plantation Bitters and Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters, as well as super-rare examples of Lediard’s OK Plantation Bitters in a three-sided format.

Readers may recall viewing the National Geographic Society’s SS Republic documentary on television some years back.

More than 51,000 gold and silver coins also were recovered, along with 14,000 historical artifacts including all those bottles.

“Bottles from the Deep” is available at $12 through the Odyssey websites of www.shipwreck.net and www.lostgold.net.

Some of the bottles also are for sale, with more due to be available in the future.

Today, Odyssey is working toward reopening its museum, Odyssey’s Shipwreck and Treasure Adventure, which was forced to close down after only two days’ existence by Hurricane Katrina. No date for its reopening in a different location has been set, but readers will be notified when it happens.

Lying on the ocean floor under one of the ship’s portholes, wine bottles share space with small fish.

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Above, Zeus recovers a bottle from the sand. Right: Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters bottles. With its high alcoholic content, Hostetter’s was advertised as a “medicinal cordial...suited to greatly mitigate the infirmities of age” and to restrain “the natural physical decay attendant upon advancing years.”

Left, and below, hundreds of umbrella inkwells were aboard the S.S. Republic. Most were eight-sided versions in shades of aqua.

Just one of the gold coins recovered from the S.S. Republic’s cargo, a Coronet Head $20 Double Eagle.

The year was 1865…Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated. The Civil War had just ended. All 11 states of the Southern Confederacy lay in ruin.

By October, it was clear that something must be done immediately to begin Reconstruction.

The S.S. Republic sailed from New York in 1865, just after the Civil War. The steamship was carrying 59 passengers and crew members along with a mixed cargo intended to help New Orleans recover from the war.

However, during a hurricane about 100 miles off Georgia, it sank in waters a third of a mile deep.

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The cathedral bottle was an American invention.

Typically, three sides had fancy arches framing ornately embossed panels. The fourth side was left smooth for the product’s label. By selling their products in elaborate bottles, American merchants hoped to convince the consumer that their preserved goods were superior to imported European brands in plainer bottles.

The SS Republic carried an impressive cargo of cathedral pickle bottles. Pickles were not the only fare preserved in such bottles, but also pickled vegetables that were a key staple in the 1800s, equivalent to our salad.

Over 150 of these utilitarian bottles were recoved, many examples featuring an uncommon cross-hatch pattern.

March-April 2007

According to legend, Lea & Perrins Worchestershire Sauce originated in India and was a favorite of Lord Sandys, an English nobleman from the county of Worchester.

Sandys approached two chemists, John Lea and William Perrins, who owned a apothecary, and asked if they would replicate a recipe Sandys had acquired in India. The two men concurred.

Later, the sauce ws imported into the U.S. by John Duncan & Sons of N.Y. By 1849, it was being sold west of the Mississippi as far as California’s gold mines. The Republic carried more than 250 bottles, in two sizes, of Lea & Perrins.

Mexican Mustang Liniment was introduced in 1825 by George W. Westbrook of St. Louis, Mo. The salve claimed to cure over 30 ailment, including sprains, strains, burns, scalds, colds, sore throats and lameness.

Some 25 years later, Dr. A.G. Bragg had become a well-known agent for the formula.

On the heels of the Mexican War (1846-48), Bragg popularized the product with claims that the nostrum was “oil from the burning mountains of Mexico.” In fact, the pungent liniment was a mixture of bottled crude petroleum, ammonia, water and brandy.

Sometime in the late 1850s, Westbrook sold his business to Demas Barnes and Co. The 30-plus bottles of Mexican Mustang Liniment recoved from the Republic site bear his name embossed on the bottle.

Bottles and Extras

The children’s market was especially marketable for patent-medicine purveyors. With limited health care and high infant mortality, hope for an ill child was often purchaseed in the form of a small bottle - which frequently contained some sort of narcotic. One of the most famous was Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup, a morphine-based formula bottled as a remedy for infant’s “teething sickness.” First formulated by Mrs. Charlotte N. Winslow, it was her son-inlaw, Jeremiah Curtis, and a partner, Benjamin A. Perkins, who began marketing her recipe in 1849.

Mrs. Winslow’s preparation enjoyed enormous success. However, tragically, the popularity of this and similar morphine-based products resulted in wide-spread drug addiction among children. Numerous infant deaths from overdoses were reported, but it was not until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 that more stringent steps were taken to prevent the manufacture and sale of harmful children’s nostrums.

Shown is one of the examples found aboard the Republic.

Information about the brands contained in the bottles came from the book, Bottles of the Deep. Similar information is available, along with advertising examples for the product, for each type of bottle found at the wreck.

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TALLY HO, THE WHISKEY!

By Jack Sullivan Special to Bottles and Extras Fox hunting once was defined by a critic as the unspeakable in pursuit of the inedible.

Nevertheless, the sport, which began in England, has had its adherents in the U.S., particularly on the East Coast. This is the story of two whiskey makers who not only rode to the hounds but also incorporated their horsey passion into their business.

They were William Lanahan, Jr., of Baltimore, Maryland, and A. (Abraham) Smith Bowman of Fairfax, Virginia.

Hunter Baltimore Rye William Lanahan Jr., during his lifetime, became the master of the Elkridge Hounds — a highly prestigious title for the scion of a whiskey-making family. Not that the founding father, William Sr., was shanty Irish when he founded the business. While there is scant information about his life, the elder Lanahan is said to have achieved considerable wealth and influence as a confectioner before the Civil War. During the early 1850s he began producing and selling a whiskey he first federally

registered in 1855 as Hunter Pure Rye and, afterward as Hunter Baltimore Rye. The brand would make the Maryland city almost synonymous with quality rye.

From the beginning, the Lanahan’s whiskey exhibited aristocratic pretensions: The label and ads featured a man formally dressed in fox-hunting garb astride a horse, both set to gallop with the hounds [Figure 1]. Subsequent branding featured a horseman with top hat and the slogan: “The American Gentleman?s Whiskey.”

[Figure 2] This “timber-topper” image clearly was attempting to appeal to the upper classes or people aspiring thereto. After his father’s death in 1868, William Jr. took over the business and vigorously expanded whiskey-making operations.

In 1870, according to the earliest city

directories, Wm. Lanahan & Son was doing business at 20 N. Light Street. The company was located there in 1904 when the Great Baltimore Fire destroyed its building. It relocated at 205-207 Camden Street shortly thereafter, but obtained permission to rebuild at its old location after the widening of Light Street. In 1906 the firm resumed business in a newly constructed building at 20 Light. Its three story facility, known as the Lanahan Building, loudly announced its purpose with the word “whiskey” in prominent letters on its face. [Figure 3] It also proclaimed Wm. Lanahan & Son as “distillers.” Jim Bready, the noted expert on Baltimore whiskey, insists that the Lanahans actually were “rectifiers,” who took alcohol distilled by others, mixed it with other ingredients, bottled, labeled and marketed it.

Although the firm sold other whiskeys, among them “365,’ Bodega and Hunter Bourbon, Hunter Baltimore Rye was its flagship brand. Lanahan Junior embarked on a major advertising campaign, painting its logo and a mounted fox hunter on a wide range of locations. Its signs graced outfield fences in major league baseball parks in New York and Chicago as well as in Baltimore. Several years ago when a building was torn down at Broadway and 64th St. in Manhattan, the heart of the theater district, it uncovered a colorful ad for Hunter Baltimore Rye on a wall eight stories tall.

Figure 3: The Lanahan Bldg. at 20 Light Street.

Lanahan’s Marketing Genius Unusual for the time, Lanahan employed a sales force of six men who traveled the country marketing the whiskey and signing up local distributors. In 1896, for example, Christy & Wise of Sansome St. in San Francisco advertised themselves as sole agents for Hunter Rye. As was common with brands seeking national attention, Lanahan issued a wide range of advertising items.? Among them were a celluloid pin depicting a fox hunter [Figure 4] and a glass bottle in the shape of an oyster shell [Figure 5]. The company issued at least four varieties of paperweights. A scalloped one declared Hunter Baltimore Rye “unexcelled in purity.” [Figure 6] Never shy about extolling the virtues of

Figure 1: An early Lanahan ad.

Figure 2: Hunter Baltimore Rye label.

Figure 4: Hunter Rye celluloid badge.

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Figure 5: Hunter Rye glass oyster shell nip.

Figure 6: Hunter Rye paperweight. his whiskey, Lanahan advertised Hunter Baltimore Rye as “The Perfection of Aroma and Taste...the Leading Whiskey of America.” Perhaps recognizing that its appeal as a “gentleman’s” drink might have a negative effect on potential female customers, the whiskey also was touted as “particularly recommended to women because of its age and excellence.” All this hype worked. Hunter became the largest selling rye whiskey in America. A 1912 book entitled, Baltimore: Its History and Its People, extolled the firm thus: “There is no article made in Baltimore that has done more to spread the fame of the city as a commercial centre than has Hunter Baltimore Rye.” Others were not so sure of its benefits.

In 1900 Robert M. La Follette, the governor of Wisconsin, was pressing his opposition controlled legislature to pass an elections reform bill. Action was blocked during a night session of “wild carousels and debauchery” not seen in a Wisconsin legislative hall even in frontier days. Mrs. La Follette later wrote: The Assembly floor was a sight to behold. Just in front of the tier of desks was an empty bottle marked ‘Hunter’s Rye.’” Hunter Rye Goes Global Having conquered America, Lanahan looked abroad to expand his market.? In London in the program of a performance of “Sherlock Holmes,” Hunter Rye was advertised as “The Popular American Whisky.” (Brit spelling). It was the lone Yankee booze sold at the Duke of York Theater that season.

In 1902 the firm tried to get a concession from the imperial court of China. Letters to that effect exist from Wm. Lanahan & Son to Gen. Thaddeus S. Sharretts in Shanghai.

Sharretts had been appointed by President

Theodore Roosevelt in 1901 to negotiate with the Government of China on increasing imports of U.S. goods. Lanahan?s plea may have paid off. A Hunter sign in Chinese recently sold on Ebay. Another Asian port in which the whiskey found a place was in Manila, the Philippines. A photo exists of American soldiers of the 8th U.S. Infantry, in the islands to put down an insurrection, swigging down quarts of Hunter Baltimore Rye during their off-duty hours.

With success came competition. Many other whiskeys began to call themselves Baltimore rye — even products made hundreds of miles from the Maryland city.

Moreover, in 1895, the Shields-May Company of Cincinnati issued its “Hunter’s Own Bourbon” and Sherbrook Distillery of the same city had its “Hunter’s Lake” whiskey. From Lair, Kentucky, came the brand “Old Lewis Hunter Rye.” In likely reaction to these presumed copycats, Lanahan registered “Hunter Rye” with the government as a trademark in 1890 and again in 1905; and “Hunter Baltimore Rye” in 1898 and in 1908.

The Hunter Brand Survives Wm. Lanahan & Son and its brand operated for 59 years, a long corporate life in the turbulent history of Baltimore whiskey-making. By the time the doors to the operation finally closed in 1919 with the coming of Prohibition, Lanahan family members had moved into the world of banking and high finance. One Lanahan became a governor of the New York Stock Exchange. Another achieved a measure of fame by marrying Scottie Fitzgerald, the only child of author F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald. Those Lanahans moved to Washington, D.C., where they were a glamour couple during the 1950s and 1960s.

The Hunter Rye brand survived Prohibition. The name eventually was bought by Seagram, one of the big whiskey cartels out of Canada. About the same time Seagram purchased the Wilson Distillery in Baltimore, producer of Atlas Bourbon. It merged the two operations and began making Hunter Rye at its Calvert distillery in Baltimore. When that facility subsequently was shut down, the HunterWilson Distilling Company was relocated to Seagram’s Louisville plant. Apparently because “rye” was losing popularity, Hunter became a Kentucky bourbon.? It did not give up its “Tally Ho!” image, however. Its advertising featured a man on horseback clearing a jump with the slogan: “The first

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Figure 7: 1930s pint bottle of Hunter Rye

Figure 8: 1942 national ad for Hunter Rye

8 one over the bar.”

Shown here is a post-Pro pint bottle with the horse and rider trademark [Figure 7].

As late as 1942 the brand was being advertised in national magazines, as shown here [Figure 8]. The brand subsequently faded from view and remains today only as a reminder of the whiskey-making “master of the hounds” that put Baltimore rye on the map.

The A. Smith Bowman Distillery Meanwhile, in Fairfax County, Virginia, another fox hunting whiskey story was unfolding. It began with a Utopian dreamer named Dr. Carl Adolph Max Wiehle. In 1886 at a tax auction Wiehle bought land in Northern Virginia where the town of Reston now stands. Imbued with philosophical notions that community planning could result in ideal societies, Dr. Wiehle drafted plans for a model town and gave it his own name. The town of Wiehle was incorporated in 1897. But the doctor’s fellow Americans failed to rally to his vision and the place was never built.

Enter A. Smith Bowman, a farmer and fox hunter from Kentucky, whose family had originated in Virginia. He is shown here in his hunting togs [Figure 9]. In 1927 Bowman bought 4,000 acres of the neverestablished town and started a dairy. Calling

Bottles and Extras the operation Sunset Hills Farm, he also grew field crops, including corn. With grain prices depressed by bad economic conditions, the elder Bowman shrewdly decided to turn his corn into whiskey.

Almost immediately after the repeal of Prohibition in 1934, he built a distillery just north of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad tracks that ran along his property.

Sales begin in 1937. He called his principal brand “Virginia Gentleman Bourbon,” apparently looking for the same elite status for his whiskey that marked Hunter Baltimore Rye..

Like William Lanahan in Baltimore, Smith Bowman was active in local fox hunting. He was master of the hounds for the prestigious Fairfax Hunt Club and a large portrait of him still graces the club headquarters. In their labeling and advertisements Smith Bowman’s brands both then and now tout their Virginia roots and riding to the hounds [Figure 10].

Hundreds of new and revived distilleries sprang up in the immediate aftermath of Repeal. Unlike most of them, however, this firm survived through the Great Depression, World War II, and the ruthless consolidation that extinguished hundreds of brands in the 1930s and after.

The Fox Hunter’s Sons Take Over The business eventually was put into the hands of Abraham’s two sons, A. Smith Bowman Jr. and E. Delong Bowman [Figure 11]. As the profits of the distillery began to eclipse revenues for the dairy farm, the family added a second brand, Fairfax County Bourbon. A bottle is shown here with the photo of the original distillery in the background [Figure 12]. Fairfax Bourbon also featured a group of foxhunters on the label. Although sales of Bowman’s brands originally were largely regional, they gradually began to attract a national customer base.

While none of its containers date any earlier than 1937, Bowman Distillery bottles, particularly minis like the ones shown here [Figure 13-14] are widely collected. David Spaid, who for many years produced the Miniature Bottle Collector magazine, was always keen to obtain the latest miniature editions from Bowman. He also featured them in his publication.

Move to Fredericksburg Fairfax County lost its distillery in 1987 when the operation moved 60 miles south

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Figure 9: A. Smith 11 Bowman in huntsman attire.

Figure 10: Virginia Gentleman Bourbon label.

Figure 11: A. Smith Bowman Jr., left, and E. Delong Bowman.

Figure 12: Fairfax County bourbon with photo of Reston distillery.

Figure 13-14: Two Virginia Gentleman minis.

29 to Fredericksburg, Virginia. In 1961 the Bowmans had sold all but the farm’s main house and the distillery to Robert E. Simon, another visionary. He gave his initials to Reston and in a sense fulfilled Dr. Wiehle’s dream. Simon’s planned community was built and prospered. By the late 1980s the rapid growth of Reston and Northern Virginia had convinced Bowman’s executives to relocate to less crowded climes.

The company purchased the former FMD Cellophane plant in Fredericksburg, Virginia. It had been vacant and deteriorating for years. The Bowmans restored the buildings, which held real architectural interest, and converted them to making and merchandising whiskey [Figure 15]. The plant produces other kinds of alcoholic drinks like gin and vodka, as well as a higher quality, 90 proof bourbon.

The latter is sold under the Virginia Gentleman label and is popularly known as (what else) “The Fox” [Figure 16]. This whiskey comes in a custom bottle with a fox’s head molded into the glass and has won the distillery national recognition for quality.

At the time the Bowmans moved in 1987, they could boast that it was the oldest family owned bourbon distillery in America. In 2003, however, the operation was sold to the Sazerac Company of Frankfurt Ky., who continue to produce Virginia Gentleman as a popular brand of blended whiskey.

William Lanahan and A. Smith Bowman, in adjoining states, operated in two different eras, one before Prohibition and one after. Both, however, made their love of fox-hunting an integral part of their whiskey merchandising and found that their symbolic cry of “Tally Ho!” brought fame and fortune. ********

Figure 15: The Bowman Fredericksburg facility Figure 16: The Fox logo

Material for this article was drawn from a number of sources, including the current website of the A. Smith Bowman distillery.

A key reference on Hunter Rye was an article by Baltimorean Jim Bready entitled “Maryland Rye: A Whiskey the Nation Long Fancied — But Now Has Let Vanish” that appeared in the Winter 1990 issue of the Maryland Historical Magazine.

Portions of this article previously have appeared in the Potomac Pontil.

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Bottles and Extras

Enjoying the West - Montana and Idaho Part II

By Ralph Van Brocklin (No photo available; Marc Lutsko listing.) COMPLIMENTS OF / C.G. STUBBS / HELENA, MONT The Stubbs name does not appear in 1884 and there is no directory available for 1885. In 1886 the listing is for Stubbs Brothers (Charles G. and Judd C.) in the business of clothing, confectionary, etc., opposite the Northern Pacific Railroad Depot. Judd C. Stubbs continues at this address through 1889 and then opens a general store at 1429 Helena Avenue in 1890.

There is no 1887 directory available for reference. In 1888 Charles G. Stubbs is listed as a salesman for R.C. Wallace (see following mini jug) and in 1889 as a driver for Wallace. He is not listed in the 1890 directory, next appearing in the 1891 Helena directory in partnership with Chauncey C. Stubbs as proprietors of the Triangle Drug Store at 1401 Helena Avenue. This partnership continues through at least 1895.

There is no directory available for 1896 and in 1897 Charles is now in the general merchandise business at the corner of Helena Avenue and Roberts. He remains at this address in 1900.

There is no directory available for 1901 and Charles’ grocery business is at 353 N. Main in 1902. In 1903, he is listed in residence, only, followed by variable involvement in The Helena Trading Company, located at 1421-23 Helena Avenue, through 1909.

In the 1910 directory there is the notation “moved to Seattle.”

COMPLIMENTS OF / JAS. WALKER / HELENA, MONT James Walker is first listed in the Helena Directories as proprietor of the Broadway Grocery Store in 1890. He continues on his own in 1891 and 1892 and then is in business with his brother, John, as the firm Walker Brothers starting in 1893. They are noted as proprietors of the Broadway Grocery Company at 513-515 Broadway.

In 1894, the location of the Broadway Grocery Company changes to 430 Broadway corner of Davis. This continues until at least 1897. I have a gap in directories until 1900, at which time the

listing is for James Walker as a grocer at 428 Broadway.

In 1908, the listing changes to grocer and agent for REO Automobiles at 428-430 Broadway. In 1913 James Walker is still in the grocery business at the same address and is now an agent for Jackson and Detroit automobiles. He remains in the grocery business in 1914, but by 1917 he is the manager of Walker Garage and in 1918 he is an automobile agent at 3-5 Placer Avenue.

COMPLIMENTS OF / R.C. WALLACE / HELENA, MONT There is no listing for Robert C. Wallace in the 1884 directory, but he does show up in the next directory of 1886. In that year, he is listed as dealing in groceries, flour, feed, grains and produce at 5 S. Main. This continues through 1888.

In 1889, the listing changes to grocer at 107 N. Main and president of the Helena Motor Railway Company. The listing changes back to grocer, only, in 1890 and the address remains 107 N. Main through 1894. Wallace remains as the sole proprietor in the 1895 directory, but the address changes to 121 N. Main.

There is no directory available for 1896 and in 1897 the firm name changes to R.C.

Wallace and Company (variably R.C. Wallace Company), with Robert C. Wallace as president and treasurer and John W. Common as vice-president and secretary.

The business is listed at 121 N. Main. The business is variably listed as 119 or 121 N. Main through at least 1918.

COMPLIMENTS OF / WEINSTEIN & CO / HELENA, MONT William Weinstein is not listed in the 1886 directory and there is no directory available for 1887. 1888 has the first listing for William Weinstein and Company (William Jr., Samuel and William Weinstein), offering wholesale and retail groceries, crockery and tin ware at 112 N. Main. In 1889 they are at 314 N. Main.

Starting in 1890 the address changes to 101 N. Rodney and in 1891 a second location is added at 314 N. Main. 1892 saw the second location change to 303 N. Main.

In 1893 the firm changes to Weinstein & Co (Samuel and Isidor) located at 301 N. Main. They are listed as dealers in groceries, crockery, tobacco and cigars. The firms address changes to 300 N. Main in 1895 and the firm expanded to include Samuel, Isidor, William Jr., and Joseph the year prior.

The firm continued in existence through 1907. In the 1908 directory William is in

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residence, only, with no additional listings until the 1905 directory where he is noted as a County Commissioner. A final listing is in 1917, where he is listed as a VicePresident of the First National Bank of Kalispell.

residence and Isidor and Samuel have both moved to San Francisco.

COMPLIMENTS OF / E.M. LYONS & CO / KALISPELL, MONT I neglected to research the Kalispell directories from 1892 through 1900. In 1901 there is a listing for Lyons Mercantile Company, J.H. Williams, agent, and for Emmett I. Lyons, a student. The mercantile business continued at 143 Main through 1904. In 1905 it was succeeded by Capten Mercantile Company.

Further research on this firm will be required.

COMPLIMENTS OF / G.H. ADAMS / KALISPELL, MONT Through 1890 there are no listings in the Montana Directories for the town of Kalispell. I do not have a directory for 1891, but G. H. Adams is found in the 1892 directory as operating a general store. The name George H. Adams appears in 1894 is still listed in 1897, but in the next directory available (1900), the name changes to Gurdon H. Adams.

In 1901 Gurdon H. Adams is listed in

COMPLIMENTS OF / SAWYER & SON / KALISPELL, MONT There is no listing for Judson and George W. H. Sawyer in the 1897 Kalispell directory and the years 1898 and 1899 are not available to me. I first find Judson and George W.H. Sawyer in the grocery business on Main Street in the 1900 directory.

Judson and W.H. Sawyer are listed as Sawyer and Son in the 1901 directory. Their business address is specified as 40 Main in 1902. The address becomes 38 Main Street in the 1910 directory and they continue in business through at least 1918.

COMPLIMENTS OF / J.F. COLLINS & CO / LIBBY, MONT The 1896 directory does not include a listing for John F. Collins. The next

available directory, 1900, has him listed as operating a general store. There is no directory for 1901 and he is no longer listed in the 1902 directory and beyond. (no photo; Marc Lutsko listing) COMPLIMENTS OF / J.P.WALL / LIBBY, MONT The 1896 directory does not include a listing for John P. Wall. The next available directory, 1900, has him listed as operating a general store. 1903 shows him operating the general store and a hall and in 1904 he has a general store and jewelry business.

He continues with the general store through at least 1918. ...continued on next page

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There is no listing for Charles A. Wilson in the 1886 directory and there is no 1887 directory available. Starting in 1888, we find a listing for Wilson Brothers (Charles A. and Frank J.) as lumber manufacturers.

Their 1889 listing specifies grain and furniture and they are similarly listed through 1892.

There is no directory for 1893. In 1894 and 1896, the directory listing is for Charles A. Wilson, only, and he is in the business of grain and produce. By 1900 he is listed as a grocer and this continues through 1904.

The next available directory, 1907, lists the business in his wife’s name. There follows a gap in the directories and in 1910 and future directories there are no additional listings.

COMPLIMENTS OF / J.C. HANRAHAN & CO / MARYSVILLE, MONT James C. Hanrahan is not found in the 1886 Montana Gazetteer. The next available directory, 1888, has James C. Hanrahan and Company listed and operating a general store. James C. Hanrahan and John H. Longmaid are initially specified as partners in 1900. There is an additional listing for them in 1904 as operating a general store and selling men’s furnishings. The 1905 and 1906 directories are not available and in 1907 they are no longer in business in Marysville. (no photo; Marc Lutsko listing) COMPLIMENTS OF / KING BROS. & CO / MILES CITY, MONT Not researched.

COMPLIMENTS OF / PULLIAM BROS / MISSOULA, MONT. In the 1894 directory, there is no listing for John H. and Charles W. Pulliam. The next available directory, 1896, lists the concern as Pulliam Brothers, dealing in groceries and feed at 325 Higgins Avenue.

In 1902 they are listed at 210 N. Higgins Avenue. There is no 1903 directory available and starting with the 1904 directory they are no longer listed in Missoula. (no photo; Marc Lutsko listing) COMPLIMENTS OF / C.A. WILSON / PHILLIPSBURG, MONT.

COMPLIMENTS OF / THE CAPITOL BERT A. BETTY / PROPRIETOR / SIDNEY, MONT. This is an oversized mini jug.

Bert A. Betty is not found in the 1910 directory or those of prior years.

With no directory available for 1911, we find him first in the 1912 directory operating a saloon in partnership with a person of the last name Carter. In 1913 and 1914, he is listed as a saloon owner by himself. There are no directories available for 1915 and 1916 and he is no longer listed in 1917 or 1918.

Compliments of +— / KIVIKANGAS & KARVONEN, / RED LODGE, MONT. The initial listing I have for Jacob Kivikangas and Alexander Karvonen is in the 1900 directory. They are not included in the 1896 directory and there is a gap in the intervening years coverage.

They continue with a general store through 1902. There is no listing for Red Lodge in the 1904 directory and there are no directories available to me for 1903, 1905 and 1906. In 1907, there is only a listing for Jacob Kivikangas. In the next available directory, 1910, we find Jacob Kivikangas with Chas. J. Matilla selling men’s clothing and Alex S. Karvonen in the cigar business. By 1912, Kivigangas is no longer listed. Karvonen continues in various businesses through at least 1918.

COMPLIMENTS OF / AMOS BUCK MER. CO / STEVENSVILLE, MONT The first listing for the Buck family in Stevensville is in the 1894 directory when the Buck Brothers are noted as operating a general store. The Brothers are identified by initials (F. & H. Buck) in the 1886 Montana Gazetteer.

There is no 1887 directory available.

We first find Amos Buck in the 1888 Gazetteer with the listing “Amos Buck & Company, general store”. This same listing is found in 1889 and 1890. There is no 1891 directory . In 1892 we see the first listing as Amos Buck Mercantile Company.

Amos Buck serves as president of the Mercantile Company through 1912 and possibly 1913. In 1914, the name of the company is changed to Buck Commercial Company and C.A. Buck is listed as president. This company continues through at least 1918.

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33 COMPLIMENTS OF / APPOLONIO & / FOWLER / VICTOR, MONT In 1896 there is no listing for Appolonio and Fowler. There is an intervening gap in the available directories, and in 1900 I note the first listing for them as proprietors of a general store in Victor. They are listed in 1902. There is no directory available for 1903.

In 1904, the firm name changes to Appolonio , Watters and Company (Joseph Appolonio and George I. Watters), a firm which remains in business through at least 1912.

Ralph Van Brocklin 1021 W. Oakland Ave., #109 Johnson City, Tenn. 37604 (423) 913-1378 thegenuine@commast.net

Hops & Malt Bitters and Taylor’s Sure Cure tradecard images courtesy of J. Carl Sturm.

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Photographs of Significance

By Charles Harris, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37373 relicnut@bellsouth.net A few issues I wrote an article on the documenting of different baby bottles with original photographs taken during the actual time of use. Granted most of the photos were of interest and some were quite amusing. As you might be able to tell, I do love photography and have been doing it for over 45 years now, both professionally and as an amateur. Occasionally a photo comes along that is of great historical significance. Actually two have appeared on eBay in Nov.-Dec. of 2006. My wife, Teresa, and I bid on one and luckily won it for a mere pittance, $22.50, a fraction of its value to us.

It is a Civil War photo of a very young child using a sucking bottle made of pewter.

The sucking bottles, also referred to a “Murder Bottles,” killed a large number of our babies whose mothers could not either

produce enough milk for their baby, or for some other reason could not breast feed the infants. The design of the feeding bottle was so that it did not have to be held by the mother during the feeding period. This concept was great and widely accepted until medical research finally caught up with its fallacies.

The basic design was that of plugging the opening of the turtle- or flask-shaped bottle with a cork. Through this cork was inserted a hose that in turn connected to a glass straw. The weight of the glass straw allowed the heavy end to settle to the lowest point of the bottle so the last drop of milk could be sucked out by the feeding infant.

After the hose exited the cork, its length (from 6-20 inches) terminated in a rubber nipple and an ivory or bone disc, looking something like a pacifier. In using this

Civil War (early 1860s) CDV (carte de vista) photo of a young infant using a sucking hose coming out of a pewter flask-shaped bottle. I love those eyes looking off to the side at some distraction (probably the mother making funny gestures.)

Bottles and Extras method the mother could lay the infant in a crib, on her lap, or wherever and let the baby suck milk till it was full — then continue later if still hungry. The nipple attached to the hose also substituted as a pacifier when needed.

The concept was fantastic, except for one major flaw — the interior of the hose could not be properly cleaned and sterilized.

Germs and bacteria were not known about at this time and the babies were dying from unknown causes. The TV series, Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman, did a fantastic presentation on this exact problem, precipitated by her being jailed for treating a baby for stomach ailments which died soon after she treated it. Now, to add insult to injury, I recently heard that this type of feeding system is being reintroduced on our modern day market. I hope that the new mothers are able to truly clean and sanitize the hoses.

Enough of my rambling for the moment.

Let’s get back to the photograph of the baby using the pewter bottle with the sucking hose. Pewter bottles had been around since

With her striking face this Native American looks out at us and speaks to us across many decades of time. The infant’s mother has probably died and this is the grandmother taking care of it during an extremely difficult period of history and survival. An long-dead anonymous photographer has here captured a moment of our cultural heritage and also shown us that the feeding of an infant could be accomplished through the white man’s invention of rubber.

Bottles and Extras the 1700s but almost all of them had a stem with a knob protruding from the screw on top of the pewter bottle. Normal procedure was to wrap a cloth, chamois cloth or a pickled cow’s teat around this metal teat so that the infant could slowly suck the milk through it and not be drowned by the flow.

Unknowingly, though reality, this was a superior system to the later sucking hose, because the wrapped cloth was most probably actually washed and cleaned on occasion, accidentally destroying some of the bacteria. What is so unusual about this photo is that we have a crossover bottle here. It is an earlier type pewter bottle, a flask, rather than the pear shape, with the later sucking hose. The photo was taken in the early 1860s, as identified by the fineline gold border around the edge of the card that to which the print is mounted (not shown here because I cropped in on the actual image of the infant.)

The other significant photo found on eBay is a Native American (Indian) Daguerreotype of mother and baby and it is truly important in many different regards.

First is that it is of an American Indian woman (most likely the baby’s

March-April 2007 grandmother). She has a very striking face, which seems etched with suffering and she is wearing a black mourning hat and veil.

If this is indeed true, the birthmother probably died from disease or from the birthing of this young infant. This woman speaks to us across the decades of time. The image came out of Independence Mo. and is a 1/9th plate (2 1/2 x 3 inches). We bid on this photo and thought we had a good chance of winning it. Just a few minutes before the auction completion we had to leave the house. When we returned we found out that we had been outbid by one increment with the final sum of $261.72.

Yes, decades of time! This is a Daguerreotype photo, the first successful form of photography. Invented in 1839 and perfected over the next few years, it fell into disuse between 1855 and 1859 when it was replaced by the Ambrotypes.

A Daguerreotype photo has emulsion coated onto a highly polished copper plate that has been silver plated in advance. The wet emulsion-covered plate is taken to the camera in the dark and exposed. Some exposures take five minutes or longer. Then the exposed plate is developed by holding

35 it over hot mercury fumes (highly poisonous). Those photographers had a short life span. Their replacements, the Ambrotypes (invented about 1855), had the emulsion wet-coated onto glass and when it was developed, a negative image was produced on the plate. When looked at with a black backing behind the glass plate, the image suddenly becomes positive. The exposures were also much shorter in duration, but still long. Any ideas of why you rarely see the people smiling in these old photos? Try to hold a smile for 1-5 minutes.

The bottle itself is a rectangular patent medicine with the black rubber hose, disc and nipple. I know this system was actually used during the American Civil War in the early 1860s because I have photographic proof if its use (see the CDV and description earlier in this article with the pewter bottle, hose and nipple), but how early was it introduced and actually used? — I’m not quite sure. Rubber was not successfully vulcanized until about 1840. To me, this is one of the most significant photos that I have seen in a long time.

A portion of the original lid for the box supplied with the FF&W nursing bottle illustrated above. Note that the child is reaching for the hose and you can see the glass tube inside the bottle. The box also states “Complete with tubes, nipples and brushes” and then states “Directions: Cleanse the bottle and fittings immediately after using with soda, borax or salerated water, finishing with pure water. To cleanse the tubes, remove the nipple, and insert the long tube brush (wet) wire end first.”

An example of the famous “murder bottle” that was first introduced into use in the 1850s. This particular example, this FF&W Nursing Bottle is unembossed even though the blank circular slug plate is visible on the front of the bottle. It was manufactured in 1895 by Fox, Fultz & Webster, No.18 Blackstone Street, Boston Mass. as noted on the lid of the box in the photo below. Of additional interest it might be noted that the nipple section could be removed from the hose at a later time and used as a pacifier if desired. It could also serve as a pacifier, in situ, after the milk had been sucked out of the bottle by the infant.

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Patents Issued to William Beach Fenn Part 2 of 2

By Barry L. Bernas In Part 1 of 2, fourteen patents, issued to William Beach Fenn, were reviewed.

Along with a discussion of the item granted letters patent, a drawing of the concept was appended. In the same box beside this illustration was a picture of the manufactured article, if one has been identified. In the event one hadn’t been reported, a sketch or electrotype, extracted from a product catalog or glass company advertisement, was substituted. Also included was any advertising information about the article. The same format will be continued in Part 2 of 2.

Closures - Patents Twenty-Three through Twenty-Six After leaving Washington, Pennsylvania, tracking data showed William Beach Fenn settled in his old haunt, New York City. A few days before April 2nd, 1904, he sent off patent request number twenty-three. Eight months later, three others followed in direct succession from nearby Sheepshead Bay, New York. Each of these ideas dealt with a closing or closure device for glass jars, cans and like or other vessels.

William B. Fenn described his twentythird concept as follows. “…This invention relates to closure devices for glass jars and similar vessels used for canning, preserving, or holding fruits and other substances or articles; and the object thereof is to provide an improved closure device or devices for jars or cans of this class whereby said jars or cans may be quickly, easily, and conveniently sealed whenever necessary and also easily opened whenever desired, a further object being to provide a closure device for jars or cans of the class specified composed of any desired material…”

Figure 14 is an extract from his submission. The top drawing shows Mr. Fenn’s idea for a closing device in place on a threaded finish atop a jar. The middle sketch is a profile of the glass cap which meets the specifications of his patent request. The last depiction on the bottom represents the sealing ring for this concept.

William B. Fenn provided detailed

comments about how each of these parts worked together to seal the container. Here are his words on this matter from the application. “…In the drawings forming part of this specification I have shown…the top portion of an ordinary glass jar, which is provided with a neck…and the outer wall of the neck is slightly conical or inclined and provided with a thread or threads. It will be observed that the threads increase in diameter from the top to the bottom of the neck, this increase being slight and resulting from the fact that the outer wall or walls of the neck are slightly conical, and this results in what I call a ‘differential’ thread on the neck of the jar. I also provide a cap, which is composed of glass and which is provided with a depending flange or rim, the inner wall of which is vertical or at right angles to the bottom of the top portion of the cap, and the flange or rim of the cap is provided at intervals with vertically-arranged ribs, which are preferably shorter than the transverse depth or thickness of the flange or rim and which extend downwardly from the top portion of the cap in the form of construction shown. Within the cap or the flange or rim thereof is placed a packing band or annulus, the inner wall of which is slightly tapered or conical

Figure 14

to correspond with the taper or form of the outer wall of the neck, and the inner wall of the band or annulus is provided with a thread or threads…The packing band or annulus is composed of paperpulp or other fibrous material saturated with or boiled in paraffin or other preservative material, and in practice the said band or annulus after it has been properly prepared is inserted into the cap and is pressed thereinto, so that the ribs or teeth will cut into or press into said band or annulus, and whenever it is desired to close the jar the cap, with the band or annulus therein, is screwed onto the neck. This forms a perfectly water and air tight closure device, and the jar is hermetically sealed. A packing device formed as herein described and composed of fibrous material saturated with paraffin or other preservative material constitutes one of the chief features of this invention and is superior to rubber or any preparations of rubber or similar material that can be employed.

By soaking or boiling a packing device of this class composed of fibrous material in paraffin or other preservative substance the said packing device is rendered impervious to all kinds of liquids or acids and cannot be affected thereby and will not give an objectionable taste to any liquids or substances which come in contact therewith…”1 You’ll note that aside from the composition of the sealing ring and the lack of threading on the inner skirt of the glass cover, this innovation is nothing more than a slight modification to patent nineteen.2 I’ve not been able to find an example of this sealer or an advertisement for it.

Nonetheless, the notion of embossed projections on the inner skirt of the cap to hold in place a vertical fibrous packing ring will be employed by Mr. Fenn on a future all glass cover that will be outline later in this article.

Closures - Patents Twenty-Four through Twenty-Six Two days before Christmas in 1904, employees at the United States Patent Office

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37

Figure 15

filed three more requests for letters patent from William Beach Fenn. Once again, each one was for a closure device. Seen in Figure 15, all three innovations used a composition sealing gasket or cap and embossed projections on the exterior or interior side wall of the container’s finish to achieve air tightness.

The left illustration in Figure 15, is a closure device “…for glass jars, cans, bottles, and similar vessels used for preserving or holding fruits and other articles and for similar purposes…”

Here is how Mr. Fenn described his idea for this style of sealing device. “…In the top portion of the neck or in the enlarged portion of said neck is an annular groove of considerable depth and the walls of which are inclined inwardly slightly at the top portion thereof, and said walls are provided with inwardly-directed teeth, any desired number of which may be employed, and said teeth in the form of construction shown are arranged vertically and are wedge-shaped and V-shaped in crosssection; but said teeth may be of any desired form. I also provide a cap, having a central depending screwthreaded portion, which is of less diameter than the greatest diameter of the annular groove, and in practice I insert into said annular groove a packing-ring or gasket, composed of fibrous material and saturated with a preservative substance, compound, or solution, preferably composed of paraffin or a portion of paraffin and other preservative oils or liquids, which will render said ring or gasket impervious to water, acid, or liquid of any kind or class, while at the same time making it slightly flexible and also slightly elastic. The inner walls of the ring or gasket in the manufacture thereof are threaded to correspond with the threads on the part of the cap, and said ring or gasket is preferably of greater transverse thickness at the bottom than

at the top thereof, and when the said ring or gasket has been forced into the groove in the operation of sealing the jar the cap is screwed into position, and this operation forces the ring or gasket into close contact with the outer walls of the groove and makes a perfectly secure and tight closure of the jar, and the teeth prevent the turning of the ring or gasket in the groove in the operation of screwing the cap into position…”3 The middle model in Figure 15 has two side walls as part of the finish. The outer one is shorter in height than the inner segment. In the center of both is a groove.

There is a continuous thread on the exterior of the inwardly inclined inner side wall.

A cap was specified. It was to be composed of “…fibrous material saturated with a preservative material consisting of paraffin or other material or a composition which will preserve the cap against the action of liquids, acids, or other substances…”

This cover has a downward projecting skirt which is adapted to fit in the groove between the two side walls. On the sealer’s inner skirt is a thread which fits over and screws down on the outer surface of the inner side wall of the jar’s finish.4 Patent twenty-six on the right-side in Figure 15 was meant for a beer or mineral water bottle but could be used on any other bottle in this class of containers. According to William B. Fenn, his invention worked as follows. “…The neck is preferably provided at the top with an annular enlargement, above which is an upwardly-directed neck portion, which is of less diameter than the annular enlargement…The outer wall of the neck portion above the annular enlargement is provided with teeth, any desired number of which may be employed, and these teeth in the form of construction shown are vertically arranged and wedge-shaped and triangular in cross-section, and in

practice I employ a closing-cap, provided with a flange or rim, and said cap in sealing the bottle is forced downwardly onto the neck portion, so that the flange or rim of the cap will securely fit the same, and the walls of the neck portion are inclined inwardly and downwardly, and the inner wall or walls of the flange or rim of the cap are similarly inclined downwardly and inwardly. The cap is composed of flexible fibrous material saturated with preservative material, preferably composed of paraffin, or a solution consisting of paraffin or similar substance, or of any substance which will preserve the said cap and render it impervious to the action of liquids or acids, and said cap is also provided with a supplemental cap or cover, which incloses {sic - encloses} the cap completely and is provided with a flange or rim, which incloses {sic - encloses} the flange or rim of the cap, and the bottom edge of which is preferably curved inwardly…The outer wall of the flange or rim of the inner cap is provided with teeth, the outer walls of which are curved outwardly in horizontal section, and the inner wall of the flange or rim of the supplemental or outer cap is provided with corresponding teeth, the inner walls of which are also curved outwardly, and any desired number of these teeth may be employed, and the said teeth may be of any desired length in horizontal section, and in practice the inner flexible or fibrous cap is placed in or secured in the outer cap, and in the operation of sealing the bottle the combined closure device thus formed is forced downwardly into the neck portion and the outer cap is turned to the right, and this operation forces the flange or rim of the cap into close contact with the neck portion and the teeth and forms a perfectly tight and secure closure device for the bottle…”5 I’ve not been able to find an actual production example or advertisement for

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any container affixed with one of the three patents shown in Figure 15. If you have seen one, please don’t hesitate to contact me to discuss your data.

Closure Device - Patent Twenty-Nine On June 19th, 1905, federal government employees at the United States Patent Office filed a subsequent request from William B. Fenn. His application stated: “…This invention relates to closure devices for bottles, jars, jugs, cans, and similar vessels: and the object thereof is to provide an improved device of this class which is particularly designed for use in connection with beer-bottles, mineral-water bottles, and other bottles of this class and in connection with glass fruit jars or cans and other jars or cans of this class, but which may he used for closing many kinds of bottles, jugs, jars, and other vessels…”

Later in the same document, Mr. Fenn described this new concept, shown in Figure 16, in the following manner. “…I have shown a neck of an ordinary bottle of any kind or class, and the neck is preferably provided at the top thereof with an annular enlargement or bead, above which the neck is projected to form a top member, which is preferably about one-half inch or from three-eights of an inch to one-half of an inch in vertical height, and around the top portion…of the neck is preferably formed an annular groove, and the outer walls of the bottom part of the top portion of the neck below the annular groove…is provided with a plurality of vertical teeth, four of which are preferably employed…and these teeth increase in horizontal thickness from the groove downwardly to the enlargement or bead, and the outer wall…which extends from one of said teeth to the other, is curved and spiral in form…and these walls are inclined inwardly and downwardly…I also provide a cap,

Figure 16

preferably composed of metal, but which may be composed of any desired material and which is provided with a depending flange or rim, the vertical depth of which is about equal to the vertical depth of the neck, and the top portion of the flange is preferably slightly contracted annularly…and the bottom portion of said flange below the contracted portion is provided with inwardly-directed vertical teeth, which correspond with the vertical teeth on the top portion of the neck and which increase in horizontal thickness from the top thereof downwardly, and the teeth are formed by crimping or compressing the flange of the cap or that part of said flange below the annularly-contracted portion, and the grooved walls of the flange of the cap between the teeth are curved or spiral in form and are contracted inwardly and downwardly to correspond with the shape of the walls of the part of the neck between the teeth…Within the top portion of the cap is placed a packing-disk, preferably composed of fibrous material saturated with preservative material, such as paraffin or any other suitable liquid substance which would protect the packing-disk against the operation of liquids and acids…The packing-disk is also provided with a depending flange or rim, which fits in the annular groove in the top portion of the neck when said cap is secured in position. In securing the cap in position the said cap is held so that the rim of the cap will pass downwardly over the part of the neck, in which position the teeth of the rim pass downwardly in front of the teeth of the neck and the cap is then turned to the right. This operation of turning the cap to the right securely locks said cap on the part of the neck and also draws the cap downwardly and compresses it firmly on the packing-disk and on the flange or rim thereof and forces said flange or rim into close contact with the top portion of the neck, and this makes a perfectly secure and tight closure device. In opening the vessel all that is necessary is to turn the cap to the left…”6 After reading the write-up closely, it seems William B. Fenn was at the first stage of pioneering the twist-on and off metal cap on a long neck bottle. Whether his idea caught on is unknown. Presumably, it didn’t because I haven’t been able to find a bottle

Bottles and Extras with the finish characteristics of this patent.

Closure Device - Patent Thirty-Two Filed on December 15 th , 1905 by personnel at the United States Patent Office, the eventual thirty-second patent issued to William Beach Fenn was for another style of closure device for jars, bottles, and similar vessels. The extract in Figure 17 was taken from his request.

Mr. Fenn used the below words to outline the purpose for his new concept. “…This innovation relates to closure devices for jars, bottles, and similar vessels, and particularly for vessels of this class made of glass or other earthenware; and the object of the invention is to provide a closure device for vessels of this class by means of which the said vessels may be securely closed and opened by hand whenever desired without the use of any instrument of any kind, a further object being to provide a closure device of the class specified which is particularly adapted for use in connection with fruit jars and other jars designed for holding food products, but which may be employed in connection with vessels of the class specified designed for any purpose…”

The cap on the jar in Figure 17 is made of thin metal. It covers a finish consisting of an unthread region which slants outward from the lip to the top of the neck. It is followed by an “…enlarged and thickened…” neck. On the outer side wall on this part of the finish are three recessed and slightly angled downward grooves with beveled edges at the top right. The rectangle which slants downward to the left in the center of the cover between the rows of grippers is one of three stamped indentations on the lower outer skirt of the sealer. As you will see shortly, these inwardly directed projections will be used in conjunction with the recessed grooves to close the vessel.

William B. Fenn explained how his apparatus sealed the contents of the container in the below quotations from his submission. “…Within the rim portion of the cap is placed an annular packing band or gasket, composed of fiber or similar

Figure 17

Bottles and Extras material saturated with paraffin or a suitable composition which will preserve said band or gasket and render it impervious to all kinds of liquids and gases, and the vertical width or depth of said band or gasket is slightly greater than the vertical width or depth of the outer wall of the top neck portion of the jar, and the top edge of said band or gasket is…beveled outwardly, and place in the top portion of the cap and resting on the top wall…of the neck of the jar is a packing-disk, composed of the same material as the packing band or gasket, and the outer edge of which is beveled to fit the bevel at…the band or gasket, and the perimeter of the central portion of the cap or outer edge thereof is provided with a raised annular portion, which forms a corresponding groove within said cap and around the central depressed portion…In closing a jar made in the manner described with my improved closure device the cap is grasped in one hand and is forced down onto the neck of the jar, and in this operation the cap is held so that the inwardly-directed spring projections of the supplemental rim member will pass downwardly over the beveled portions of the ledge into the annularly-arranged grooves or recesses, and the cap is then turned to the right, and in this operation the said inwardly-directed projections operate on the top inclined walls of the recesses or grooves so as to securely lock the cap to the jar, and in this operation the packing band or gasket and the packing-disk are securely pressed into their proper position on the neck of the jar. In opening the jar one end of the supplemental rim member is grasped at the vertical division of said rim and said rim is pulled off or detached from the rest of the cap. The aperture or hole in the rim member is intended to permit of the insertion of a suitable device in order to raise the end of the rim and permit it to be grasped by the fingers…”7 Mr. Fenn’s explanation of his closing mechanism was quite complex. In my opinion, his side and top sealing cap was too cumbersome to gain any favor with either food packers or the consuming public. Although, he was on the right track for what later would become a lugged finish on the jar closed by a quarter-turn Amerseal metal cap.

In addition, this sealer was clearly

March-April 2007 intended to be a one use cover because the reseal capability was lost once the lower skirt of the metal cap was torn off. Perhaps because of these obvious reasons, I’ve not been able to locate any sales promotion or example of a jar and/or metal cap manufactured to William B. Fenn’s thirtysecond patent.

Closing Device - Patent Thirty-Four At some point between December 15th, 1905 and late March 1906, William B. Fenn relocated from Sheepshead Bay, New York to Columbus, Ohio. It was from the latter locale that his penultimate patent application for the 1896-1906 timeframe was filed. That event occurred at the United States Patent Office on March 28th, 1906.

Once again, his idea dealt with a closing device for vessels.

The top specimen in Figure 18 is a sketch of William Beach Fenn’s new concept. It was extracted from his patent submission. Verbiage accompanying the drawing detailed its purpose as follows. “…The object of this invention is to provide more effective means than have heretofore been proposed for sealing fruits, meats, or other edibles in jars or like vessels to secure the same from the deleterious effects of exposure to the atmosphere; but my invention can be used for other purposes where effective sealing is desirable or advantageous…”

Although the March 28th, 1906 patent request doesn’t mention that this notion was an improvement to an earlier patent granted to William B. Fenn, I believe it was an enhancement to patent twenty-three displayed in Figure 14. After reading how this innovation worked, see if you agree.

Mr. Fenn outlined his idea in the subsequent way. “…At a point somewhat below the top of the jar is an annular shoulder, and the portion of the neck from this shoulder upward is slightly tapered toward the axis of the jar. This tapered portion is

Figure 18

39 provided with a thread or threads which are preferably sharpened to provide a penetrating edge. The upper end of the neck of the jar is made with an outwardly-projecting shoulder, having its outer face slightly tapered inward.

(The top model in Figure 18) designates a cap or cover, having a flange and lugs or projections to permit a firm gripping with the hand in operating it. The lower part of the flange is provided internally with an annular shoulder, and extending from this shoulder vertically is an annular surface, terminating in a second shoulder. From the shoulder the inner side of the flange is tapered inwardly in a slight degree to the top of the cap, forming an inclined annular surface. The vertical (inner) surface is provided with a series of verticallyarranged elongated projection or lugs, preferably arranged in groups, and between the several groups of projections is a series of horizontallyarranged elongated ridges. (The sealing) ring is preferably formed of a material or materials adapted to be softened when warmed by a little artificial heat, as of a gas-flame. For example, a ring composed of asbestos fiber and paraffin or of wax can be used…The ring can advantageously be formed of one or more layers coiled one upon another…In practice the sealingring is first placed within the cover next the flange. The ring is then heated sufficiently to slightly soften it, when by turning the cap and ring down onto the threaded neck of the jar, as in turning a threaded nut onto a bolt, the threads of the jar penetrate the inner side of the sealing-ring and the sealing is also pressed under and around the projection, while the ring at its outer side is pressed about the projection…in the cover. In forcing the cover downward the inclined surface thereon cooperates with the tapered or inclined surface and the shoulder on the neck of the vessel to compress the fibrous ring about the projections and effect {sic - affect} a close tight joint between the vessel and cover. As a result of the foregoing operations the ring becomes attached to the cover and the cover and ring together may be turned off the neck of the jar in a manner somewhat like that in which a threaded nut is turned off a bolt. It will be noted that the vertical projections tend to prevent horizontal movement of

40 the ring and cover with respect to each other and that the horizontal projections tend to prevent direct vertical separation of the cover from the ring…”8 The principal seen in patent twentythree, the use of a vertically manufactured fibrous and paraffin soaked packing band between the threads on the outer finish of the jar and the vertical projections on the cover’s inner skirt to achieve an airtight seal, was redefined or upgraded in William B. Fenn’s thirty-fourth patent. This revision likely made his concept attractive to at least one glass maker.9 The bottom picture in Figure 18 is an all glass cover made to conform to the specifics of the twenty-third and this patent request. I’m confident of this statement for several reasons. For one, the phrase - PAT’D OCT 24 1905 (on three separate lines) - is embossed on the cover’s top surface. This was the date a patent for Figure 14 was granted to William B. Fenn. Another confirmation is the phrase - WARM CAP SLIGHTLY TO SEAL OR UNSEAL which is also inscribed on the top surface of the lower cap around its outer edge. This recommendation comes directly from Mr. Fenn’s description of his innovation contained in the request filed by the United States Patent Office on March 28th, 1906.

And finally, the design, profile and inner skirt characteristics of the top specimen in Figure 18 all were transferred to the production model on the bottom of the same box.

In addition to the relationships between patents twenty-three and thirty-four, both are close cousins of nineteen as well. The sealing technique is the key factor in making this associative determination.

It is open to personal interpretation, but I maintain the caps in Figure 18 appeared in at least one advertisement. This 1907 promotion was sponsored by the Federal Glass Company of Columbus, Ohio.10 Closing Device - Patent Thirty-Five The final patent for the 1896-1906 eras was entered into the processing system at the United States Patent Office on March 31st, 1906. Shown in Figure 19, William B. Fenn’s concept was for a tumbler sealed by a metal cap. Here is how he introduced the innovation in his request for a positive Patent Office adjudication. “…The special object of this invention is to provide means whereby jars, cans, or other receptacles to contain fruit, vegetables, meats, or other edibles may

March-April 2007 be kept air-tight, and thus preserved from decay, although the invention can be used for other purposes where airtightness in a receptacle is necessary or advantageous…”

Per his own words, here is how Mr. Fenn’s inspiration was to have worked. “… (The) jar is expanded around the top, so as to provide near its upper edge an annular shoulder that faces downward. An extremely small shoulder will suffice. Preferably the rim of the jar from the shoulder upward is made with a slight inward taper. (On the top of the jar is) a cap or cover, preferably of metal, the annular flange or rim of which has a flare of about the same degree as the taper of the rim of the jar.

(The) ring is preferably formed of a material or materials adapted to be softened when warmed by a little artificial heat, as of a gas-flame. For instance, a ring composed of asbestos fiber and paraffin or of wax or of any material adapted to be compressed or molded by pneumatic pressure can be used; but I do not, of course, confine myself to the use of any particular material or compound so long as it is capable of cooperating in the invention substantially as hereinafter described.

This ring also has a flare or taper…and is preferably originally plain and of a form and size adapted to fit within the rim of the cover, so that it and the cover can be fitted neatly and closely down on the rim of the jar. In sealing jars of the kind herein described I propose to place them, with the cover loosely set thereon, in a closed chamber, from which the air is afterward exhausted, thus also exhausting the air from the jar.

While in said exhausting-chamber pressure will be applied to the cover to closely seat it, and afterward, upon admitting air the pressure will press the material of the ring upward under the Figure 19

Bottles and Extras shoulder…and at the same time tend to condense it in the space between the tapering surface and the cover. The pressure applied to the cover while in the air-exhausting chamber will also press a portion of the sealing-ring inward over the upper edge of the jar, thus augmenting the sealing effect. The sealing material is thus pressed around two corners and over the tapering surface. So long as the air is exhausted from the jar the pressure of the atmospheric air upon the ring is continuous and the cover and sealing held with great firmness in place, even where the inner side of the rim of the cover is smooth…” 11 I believe this notion by William B. Fenn was conceived to be part of another idea of his. This associative concept was a machine for exhausting air from preserving vessels.

The United States Patent Office initially filed his application to patent it on March 21st, 1906.12 I’ve yet to run across an actual example of the tumbler or advertisement showing it.

Thus, I can’t say with any certainty whether patent thirty-five was ever manufactured.

Postscript In the ten year period I’ve chosen, William Beach Fenn requested a minimum of thirty-two patents. Of these, eleven were focused on closing devices for containers, nine were related to separating tableware and one was for a glass pressing and blowing machine. As you saw; a number of his ideas were actually produced and marketed. On the other hand, others likely didn’t make it past the conceptual stage for obvious reasons. Nevertheless, Mr. Fenn’s novel innovations added more information to our knowledge base about the glass manufactured from 1896 to 1906.

In an acclaimed six volume series entitled - Our Times - author Mark Sullivan identified several men as the personification of the “American spirit” for the early twentieth century. He used the following quotation to define this accolade. “… (The) American spirit at its best, (is) a feverish ferment of intellectual curiosity, mechanical ingenuity, and cleverness of adaptations.”13 While Mr. Sullivan used this description in a discussion about the Wright Brothers, I think it could be aptly applied to the work of William B. Fenn as well. The three criterion listed in the excerpt from Mr. Sullivan’s book were assuredly met when

Bottles and Extras the elements of each of the previous twentyone patents are applied against it.

In my opinion, William B. Fenn had a small but somewhat significant impact on the glass packing container and tableware trades. And in his own way exemplified the “American spirit” of his time.

If you would like more information on the previously discussed patents or the actual pieces of ware that were made to their specifications, please don’t hesitate to contact me directly. BLB Endnotes: 1 Fruit Jar Patents Volume III 19001942, compiled by Dick Roller, Acorn Press, Paris, Illinois, December 1996, pgs. 180182. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. CLOSING DEVICE FOR GLASS JARS, CANS, AND THE LIKE. Specification of Letters Patent. No. 802,381. Patented Oct. 24, 1905. Application filed April 2, 1904.

Serial No. 201,238.

2 Perfection Glass Company, One of Many Glass Houses in Washington, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, PA 17325, 2005, pgs.

16-17. This reference talks about the situation that probably caused William B. Fenn to shun a rubber packing ring in favor of a fibrous one.

3 Fruit Jar Patents Volume III 19001942, compiled by Dick Roller, Acorn Press, Paris, Illinois, December 1996, pgs. 184186. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF SHEEPSHEAD BAY, NEW YORK. CLOSURE DEVICE FOR JARS AND LIKE VESSELS. Specification of Letters Patent. No. 802,382.

Patented Oct. 24, 1905. Application filed December 23, 1904. Serial No. 238,050.

4 Fruit Jar Patents Volume III 19001942, compiled by Dick Roller, Acorn Press, Paris, Illinois, December 1996, pgs. 188190. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF SHEEPSHEAD BAY, NEW YORK. CLOSURE DEVICE FOR GLASS JARS AND OTHER VESSELS. Specification of Letters Patent.

No. 802,383. Patented Oct. 24, 1905.

Application filed December 23, 1904. Serial No. 238,051.

5 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF SHEESPHEAD BAY, NEW YORK. CLOSURE DEVICE FOR GLASS JARS AND OTHER VESSELS. Specification of Letters Patent.

No. 810,736. Patented Jan. 23, 1906.

Application filed December 23, 1904. Serial No. 238,052.

6 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

March-April 2007

41

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF SHEEPSHEAD the Federal Glass Company in the 1907 BAY, NEW YORK. CLOSURE DEVICE edition of Thomas’ Wholesale Grocery and FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER Kindred Trades Register.

11 VESSELS. Specification of Letters Patent.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. No. 816,720. Patented April 3, 1906. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF COLUMBUS, Application filed June 19, 1905. Serial No. OHIO. CLOSING DEVICE FOR 265,946.

VESSELS. Specification of Letters Patent.

7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. No. 843,802. Patented Feb. 12, 1907.

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF SHEEPSHEAD Application filed March 31, 1906. Serial No. BAY, NEW YORK. CLOSURE DEVICE 309,030.

12 FOR JARS, BOTTLES, AND SIMILAR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. VESELS. Specification of Letters Patent. WILLIAM B. FENN, OF COLUMBUS, No. 831,271. Patented Sept. 18, 1906. OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE Application filed December 15, 1905. Serial ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE WEDOIT CO., No. 291,861.

OF COLUMBUS, OHIO. MACHINE 8 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. FOR EXHAUSTING AIR FROM WILLIAM B. FENN, OF COLUMBUS, PRESERVING VESSELS. Specification of OHIO. CLOSING DEVICE FOR Letters Patent. 1,209,954, Patented Dec. 26, VESSELS. Specification of Letter Patent. 1916. Application filed March 21, 1906, No. 843,670. Patented Feb. 12, 1907. Serial No. 307,280. Renewed May 18, 1916.

Application filed March 28, 1906. Serial No. Serial No. 98,442.

13 308,383.

Our Times, The United States 19009 An Unlikely Find!, Barry L. Bernas, 1925, Volume I, The Turn of the Century, Bottles and Extras, Fall 2006. See this Mark Sullivan, Charles Scribner’s Sons, article for more information on this glass New York, 1926, pg. 481. cover and the jar it sealed.

10 More On The Federal Jar, Dick Barry L. Bernas Roller, Fruit Jar Newsletter, January 1998, 239 Ridge Ave., Gettysburg, PA 17325 barryb6110@aol.com pg. 905 and Fruit Jar Rambles, Tom Caniff, Antique Bottle and Glass Collector, June 2004, pgs. 6-7. The first reference introduced a picture of an unidentified jar and cap from the Federal Glass Company. However, the write-up didn’t mention where the ad appeared. Your homeowners insurance is rarely enough to cover In the second reference, your collectibles. We’ve provided economical, Tom Caniff indicated dependable collectibles insurance since 1966.

• Sample collector rates: $3,000 for $14; $10,000 for $38; $25,000 the unidentified jar and for $95; $50,000 for $190; $100,000 for $278; $200,000 for $418. cap from the first source Above $200,000, rate is $1.40 per $1000. was from the 1907 • Our insurance carrier is AM Best’s rated A+ (Superior). document - Thomas’ • We insure antique to modern bottles (breakage included), Wholesale Grocery and and scores of other collectibles. “One-stop” service for practically Kindred Trades everything you collect..

Register. While Mr. • Replacement value. We use expert/professional help valuing collectible losses. Consumer friendly service: Our office handles Caniff hinted that the your loss - you won’t deal with a big insurer who does not know vessel sketched in the collectibles.

Thomas publication • Detailed inventory and/or professional appraisal not required. could have lineage to Collectors list items over $5,000, dealers - no listing required. the Figure 18 covers, he • See our website (or call, fax, E-mail us) for full information, didn’t directly attribute including standard exclusions. one with the other. An Collectibles Insurance Company Unlikely Find!, Barry L. P.O. Box 1200-FHBC - Westminster, MD 21158 Bernas, Bottles and E-mail: info@insurecollectibles.com Extras, Fall 2006. In this article, I took the next logical step and suggested that the Call Toll-Free: 1-888-837-9537 - FAX (410) 489-5318 Figure 18 caps where Need Info? Need a Rate Quote? Apply online. indeed examples of the Visit : www.collectinsure.com container advertised by

INSURANCE for Bottles

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March-April 2007

Bottles and Extras

COLLECTING WESTERN SODA BOTTLES

By Bryan Grapentine Photos by Larry Grapentine There are many wonderful soda bottles to collect from states west of the Rocky Mountains. The Western states were settled later in history, and many still have smaller populations than most Eastern states and subsequently had fewer soda bottlers.

However, there are many attractive and interesting bottles in the four major soda categories: blob tops, Hutchinson, embossed crown tops and ACL crown tops.

BLOB TOP SODAS So called because of the prominent blob top under which the cork (used to hold the carbonation in) was wired down. Fewer had a wire swing stopper to hold the cork in place. These are the oldest soda bottles used in the West. Most of these bottles date from the mid 1850s to the mid 1880s until replaced by the Hutchinson stoppered bottles. Many blob tops have an iron pontil mark, all have tooled or applied tops.

California has far more blob tops than any other western state. Some states had very few of these early bottles. The bottles come in a variety of shapes and colors including aqua, cobalt, and other shades of blue, teal, green and amber (the scarcest color).

Many bottles from the same company and mold come in several different colors such as the green, teal and cobalt ITALIAN/ SODA WATER/ MANUFACTORY/ SAN FRANCISCO. The BAY CITY SODAWATER Co / S.F. bottle comes in green teal and cobalt and other shades of blue.

The blob tops are the historically most interesting and attractive soda bottles to collect. Besides the various colors and shapes available to the collector, many bottles have an embossed picture. The BREIG & SCHAFER / S.F. pictures a fish.

The CALIFORNIA/ NATURAL / SELTZER WATER has a picture of a bear on the reverse side. Several bottles picture an eagle including the green and amber COTTLE POST & CO. / PORTLAND, OGN. Bottles with a pontil mark are desirable and have added interest and dollar value.

A valuable reference book is WESTERN BLOB TOP SODA AND MINERAL WATER BOTTLES by Peck and Audie Markota.

HUTCHINSON SODA BOTTLES These are very popular and widely collected Western sodas and are frequently referred to simply as Hutches. This internal stopper was patented in 1879. From the mid-1880s until completely replaced by the crown top bottles by 1915-1920, these were the type of bottles used by all Western soda bottlers. Every Western state has many examples even from some relatively small towns. Bottles from old mining and ghost towns are very popular with collectors.

Hutches with the “T” designation for Territory are very desirable and often quite scarce and valuable. An example is A.T. for Arizona Territory. Although many of these bottles were manufactured while the state was still a Territory, often the “T” was not included with the state name.

Manufacturers’ marks add interest to the few bottles that have them, as do spelling mistakes and backward letters (see the Albuquerque hutch in the photo).

Most of these popular bottles come in various shades of aqua, a few in clear or turned SCA (sun-colored amethyst) and only a few are in true colors such as blue and amber. With the exception of California, most states do not have an abundance of Hutches with the city and state name embossed on the bottle. Bottles from Nevada and New Mexico are scarce and usually sell for a premium price.

Collectors of local sodas try to acquire an example of every Hutch from their state or at least one from every town. Other collectors may try to obtain a Hutch with the “T” from the Western territories of Washington, Oregon, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona and Hawaii, with Idaho Territory the hardest bottle to find.

Blob top and Hutchinson bottles are strong, durable and survive well in the ground, accounting for the many dug bottles now in circulation.

EMBOSSED CROWN TOPS The crown cork metal closure was patented in 1891 by William Painter. A new type of bottle had to be made to close tolerances to accommodate the crown closure so it took many years to become widely used. It was cheaper to make, lighter,

easier to clean and replaced the Hutchinson bottle by 1920.

Crown tops are generally, but not always, more affordable and more easily obtained. Almost every town had a soda bottler using this type of bottle. Most bottles are the standard 8-ounce, although a few quart size bottles were made. One from Arizona is the G.L.MERRITT/ SODA/ WORKS/ PRESCOTT/ ARIZ. with only a few specimens known. Several bottles from California were made specifically for ginger ale, a popular flavor at the time. Many CocaCola franchisers had bottles made with the words Coca-Cola embossed either in block letters or in the more popular script. These are referred to as straight-sided Cokes to distinguish them from the contoured hobbleskirt bottles which followed.

Collecting a Coke bottle from each state can be a challenge with Wyoming being one of the more difficult bottles to obtain. Few Pepsi-Cola bottles from the West are known – a paneled bottle ( with Pepsi in script on four of the panels) from Los Angeles is scarce and very attractive.

Very few colored bottles are known; most are aqua. Both tooled top and ABM (automatic bottling machine) bottles are sought after by state collectors. Territory bottles are scarce – see the Prescott bottle in the photo. Many companies had their crown top and Hutchinson bottles made with the the same style of embossing. An example of this is the ZIEGLER’S/ SODA WORKS/ TUCSON, ARIZ. These make an interesting pair in a collection.

ACL (Applied Color Label) CROWN TOPS The ACL soda bottles became popular and widely used by the 1940s. The price of these newer bottles ranges from a few dollars to several hundred.

The paper labels used prior to this did not wear well, often came off when immersed in water coolers and usually had to be replaced each time the bottle was filled. The fired-on painted labels were very durable, did not wash off and allowed advertising, pictures and colored graphics.

The ACL process allowed more variety, easily changed graphics, and were cheaper

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to produce. Small town soda bottlers could have attractive bottles made in small quantities for a reasonable price.

Some ACL bottles have the bottler’s name embossed near the base (see photo) and others have the same information on the base. Many bottles have the company name or logo and the date painted on the base. Some have only one digit for the year so it may take some research to find out if it is from the 40s, 50s, or 60s.

Even though these ACLs may not have much history behind them, they add a lot of color and interest to a soda collection.

The bottles are really more interesting to look at than the embossed crown tops and are fun to collect. Most ACLs come in clear glass but a few can be found in amber and green. Most use one color (sometimes the bottles’ contents adding a second). A multicolored bottle is very desirable and more valuable. A 3-color 1952 bottle from San Bernardino, Calif. pictures Uncle Tom serving root beer on a tray.

The ACLs with pictures are the most interesting, desirable and valuable. Popular pictures include Indians, cowboys, pioneers, birds, animals and geographic features. A 1962 bottle from Idaho Falls, Idaho pictures Old Faithful. I predict these newer bottles will become more widely collected in the years ahead.

A few Western bottles do not fall into these four main categories. Gravitating stopper, Codd’s patent and others were used by a few Western bottlers. An example of this is the JAMES DEWAR/ ELKO/ NEVADA bottle which used the floating ball stopper patented

by William Roorbach in 1885.

Bottles from the categories described trace the evolution of soda bottles from their inception up to the 1960s.

Bryan Grapentine 1939 W. Waltann Lane Phoenix, AZ 85023 bpgrapentine@att.net

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Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007

More Energy Drink Containers & “Extreme Coffee” Part Two Continued from the Summer 2006 issue

By Cecil Munsey Copyright © 2006

INTRODUCTION: According to Gary Hemphill, senior vice president of Beverage Marketing Corp., which analyzes the beverage industry, “The energy drink category has been growing fairly consistently for a number of years. Sales rose 50 percent at the wholesale level, from $653 million in 2003 to $980 million in 2004 and is still growing.” Collecting the cans and bottles used to contain these products is paralleling that 50 percent growth in sales at the wholesale level. According to Kate Silver, a reporter of trends and activities in the energy drink industry, “Those small brightly-colored cans and bottles explain on the beverages’ labels that energy drinks may well solve every problem ever invented. If you’re not getting enough sleep or exercise, or sex, or if your reaction time’s off, concentration’s down, and you’re just not feeling alert, or if you’re stressed, tired, anxious or horny, there’s bound to be a potion for you. You don’t need an apothecary––you just need a convenience sore and a small, flashy can of fuel.” And when you’re finished with the can or bottle, display it on a shelf with other empty cans or bottles in your collection of popular culture items. As your collection grows in number and value, you will be a pioneer collector and be appreciated as such.

If you liked the article “Energy Drink Containers––Bottles & Cans” (Bottles and Extras, Summer 2006), you will have just as much fun with this article which gives you more of the same, plus the history and containers of SHOCK SHOCK (Shock Coffee, Inc.) What is “Shock?” Shock is one of the energy drinks that contains coffee beginning to be prevalent in the drink market.

Shock coffee [Figure 1] is labeled as “extreme coffee” or “hyper-caffeinated coffee.” That’s because it has a higher caffeine content than normal coffee. Each cup of Shock coffee has 50 percent more caffeine than regular coffee.

So how does the caffeine in Shock compare to other drinks? A 10-ounce cup of regular coffee has just over 100 milligrams of caffeine. Eight ounces of the energy drink Red Bull contains 80 milligrams of caffeine. Eight ounces of regular Shock coffee has a whopping 240 milligrams of caffeine.

Collectors of cans and bottles will be interested in ready-to-consume Shock

coffee. It comes in four varieties: Hot coffee; cold coffee packaged in 8-ounce cans [Figure 2]; and one bottle [Figure 3]; and Shock-A-Lots –—- edible chocolatecovered coffee beans – each bag contains as much caffeine as two cups of coffee. For those who brew their own coffee, Shock comes in two versions – Pre-Ground (for those who want it quickly and without grinding) and the big Tin o’ Beans (whole beans, ready for grinding). [One coffee reviewer said: “If you want great taste in your coffee, then look elsewhere. The taste and aroma of Shock seems to be a little burned compared to other brands, but then again, this coffee is for chugging, not tasting.”]

Jerry Rosen, 37, is the owner of Shock Coffee. The idea for Shock hit Rosen while he was vice president of sales at Queens (New York)-based Price Master Corp., a

45 nationwide distributor of convenience– and dollar-store merchandise. Rosen couldn’t figure out why Price Master was not selling coffee. “I realized coffee is too much of a competitive market,” Rosen said. “I knew we needed a niche.” Rosen said he found that niche using his past experience of selling YJ Stinger (an energy drink) for Price Master.

Rosen discovered a company named “Extreme Coffee.” He arranged for Price Master to make an offer and it bought out Extreme Coffee. The product was renamed Shock and eventually Rosen bought the brand from Price Master.

Rosen confidently believes, “We are positioned to be the next Red Bull of coffee!”

COCA-COLA BLAK (Coca-Cola Company) One of the most recent energy drinks on the market is Coca-Cola Blak. The product is called an innovative “carbonated fusion” beverage.” It’s a blend of Coca-Cola, natural flavors and coffee essence – that makes it not quite an extreme coffee beverage like Shock and more of an energy drink. It has more Caffeine than Coke but is a mid-calorie beverage with only 45 calories per 8-ounce bottle. It retails for $1.69 –more than Coke but less than the average energy drink price. It is packaged in a resealable version of Coca-Cola’s signature 8-ounce glass contour (“hobbleskirt”) bottle but with black and gold accents [Figure 4]. It is sold in four-packs and individually.

Collectors should love being able to add a Coke bottle of traditional shape to their bottle/can collection.

YJ STINGER (NVE Pharmaceuticals of Andover, NJ) YJ Stinger is an energy drink manufactured by NVE Pharmaceuticals of Andover, New Jersey. NVE was founded in 1980 as a small retail health food store specializing in diet and energy products. By 1982, NVE had expanded to five retail locations and began offering mail order services. The company has ceased operating its retail stores in order to focus on manufacturing and distributing of its energy products.

YJ Stinger is its very popular energy drink. The drink comes in four flavors: Chronic Cola [Figure 5], Chronic Cola – sugar free– [Figure 6], Enraged Raspberry [Figure 7], Enraged Raspberry – sugar free

46 – [Figure 8], Pounding Punch [Figure 9], and Sinful Citrus [Figure 10].

Its bright cans, featuring a wasp as part of the label, are a favorite of drinkers and collectors alike. The company slogan is: “Feel the sting.” Collectors will discover cans for this product hard to locate but, when found they are a worthy addition to an energy drink can and/or bottle collection.

KABBALAH (Kabbalah Enterprises of Los Angeles) Combine medieval Jewish mysticism (spelled Cabbalah, Kabbalah or Quabalah), a fizzy strawberry-flavored drink loaded with vitamins and a splash of holy water and you have the perfect fusion of two of the hottest fads sweeping the country: Kabbalah and energy drinks!

What is Kabbalah [Figure 11] the energy drink or sugar-free Kabbalah [Figure 12]?

They are $2-cans of sweetened (or unsweetened), carbonated, caffeinated, vitamin-charged water to which some Canadian mountain spring water blessed by a rabbi is added.

[Red Bull, the leader in the nearly $1 billion energy drink market, can’t say that – not that they care to.]

It comes in flashy red-and-silveron-blue 355 ml (12 oz.) or red-onwhite cans that could fit nicely in any collection of energy drink cans.

As you might expect, religious scholars and mainstream Jews say the energy drink and other items marketed under the “Kabbalah” rubric have nothing to do with true Kabbalah teachings, and everything to do with making money.

Who knew that a secret, esoteric offshoot of Judaism whose earliest documentation dates to 13 th -century Spain would become fashionable 1,000 years later. Or who knew that a small cottage industry of trendy Kabbalah paraphernalia would become hot sellers? Pick up a magazine these days and Madonna, Demi Moore, Ashton Kutcher and Paris Hilton can be seen in photos wearing the telltale red string Kabbalah bracelets that some fashionable adherents, and non-adherents, wear.

Darin Ezra, director of Kabbalah Enterprises in Los Angeles launched the energy drink in February of 2005 and it quickly became a force in the energy drink market.

March-April 2007 PIMP JUICE (Fillmore Street Brewery of St. Louis, Mo.) Hip Hop superstar “Nelly” launched his contribution to the energy drink market in the summer of 2003. He was looking to diversify his business portfolio. In addition to his successful male clothing line, Vokal, he recently launched his female clothing line, Apple Bottoms. Nelly also owns part of a NASCAR team and, of course, Pimp Juice.

Pimp Juice is a non-carbonated energy drink possessing a “tropical berry” flavor in a 236 ml (8 oz.) can [Figure 13]. Pimp Juice’s artificial coloring gives it a smooth neon-green glow. It is made with 10 percent apple juice and some of the usual energy drink ingredients: vitamins, Taurine (amino acid), and Guarana.

While can collectors find the basically yellow can less eye-catching than most others, it seems to be a must in a definitive collection of energy drink cans.

WHO’S YOU DADDY (Property of Who’s Your Daddy, Inc.) According to Debra Kamin, a writer for the San Diego Jewish Journal: “As a student at Patrick Henry High School in San Diego, Edon Moyal would shout ‘Who’s your daddy?’ whenever he tackled his friends on the football field. The phrase was so catchy that other students were soon hollering it out to him as he walked through the halls. It became such a common tagline that Moyal’s resourceful friend, Dan Fleyshman, told him he should try to market it.”

Less than a decade later, Moyal and Fleyshman were at the helm of Who’s Your Daddy, Inc. a global licensing company that has its mark on some 300 products that run the gamut from sports apparel to children’s books. Those products include Who’s Your Daddy energy drink [Figure 14]. Known as the “King of Energy,” the Fig. 15 drink is endorsed by hiphop star Master P. (Most will recognize Master P [Figure 15] as one of the not-sodurable contestants on the recent popular TV show, “Dancing With the Stars.”)

To get Who’s Your Daddy off the ground, they managed to meet Elliot Lavigne, then the CEO of the clothing company Jordache. Moral and Fleyshman sold him on the idea of the Who’s Your

Bottles and Extras Daddy T-shirts they were selling, mostly to friends and relatives, for $10 apiece.

Lavigne told them that to get started they’d need a lot more cash than what Fleyshman (the “moneyman” of the partnership at the time) was making ghosting essays for his high-school classmates.

They borrowed the needed money from their parents and friends and today Who’s Your Daddy, Inc. is a publicly-traded licensing company that designs and licenses a variety of products centered around the trademark-protected brand, “Who’s Your Daddy.”

WHOOPASS & JONES JUICE (Jones Soda Co., of Seattle, Wa.) Peter van Stolk founded the Urban Juice & Soda Co., Ltd. in 1987, intending to compete in the alternative products segment of the beverage industry. The company changed its name to Jones Soda Co. in 1994. Jones Soda distributed a number of products including the famous brand, “Arizona Iced Tea.” Utilizing the experience and knowledge gained in the distribution industry, Jones decided to create and distribute its own brands. Jones created two brands of its own: WAZU Natural Spring water, launched in April 1995 and Jones Soda, launched with six flavors (in paper-labeled bottles) in January 1996 – orange, cherry, lemon lime, strawberry lime, raspberry, and grape. Perhaps the most unusual and humorous of the company’s large line of paper-labeled bottles were issued in 2003 and 2004: “Turkey and Gravy Soda” [Figure 16]. Even with paper labels these would look good on collectors’ shelves. (An anonymous blog comment speaks to that point: “A woman I know works for Jones Soda – she made it very clear that these are not really to drink [?]. But they are collectors’ items and if they are kept intact, will be much more valuable in years to come. Again, you shouldn’t drink them, they will not taste good, but they would be cool to have around and show people!”)

The 2003 issue of Turkey and Gravy Soda was so much in demand that Jones sold out in two hours; the bottles (both full and empty) fetched in excess of $10 apiece on auction sites such as eBay. In 2004, the company offered a complete, drinkable Thanksgiving dinner collection ––five bottles–– to Turkey and Gravy soda Jones added Green Bean Casserole, Cranberry, Mashed Potatoes with Butter, and Fruitcake soda. The limited edition sold out in under

Bottles and Extras an hour, temporarily crashing the company’s email and Internet servers. In both years, people resold some of the seasonal bottles on auction sites such as eBay, with 2004 bids reaching as high as $100 a pack. (Jones Soda’s profits in both years were donated to the charity Toys for Tots.)

A “2nd limited edition” was also created in 2005. The collection was made available in places across the U. S., including select Speedway, Kroger, and World Market Stores. The 2 nd edition flavors were different and included, besides the turkey and gravy, a salmon pate´ and, for dessert, a pecan pie blend drink.

Other unusual flavors, in paper–labeled bottles from Jones included Chocolate Fudge, Love Potion #6 released in honor of Valentine’s Day; FuFu Berry; Happy; Pineapple Upside Down; Berry White (a pun on singer Barry White); Fu Cran Fu’, Bada Bing; and Purple Carrot drinks.

To can collectors, an important year was 2000. It was in that year that the firm issued its own version of an energy drink, named WhoopAss [Figure 17] and WhoopAss Cola [Figure 18].

The following year, in 2001, Jones Soda Co. launched its “Jones Juice” Flavor line series of energy drinks: Big Jones Energy [Figure 19]; Lemon Lime Energy [Figure 20]; Mixed-Berry Energy [Figure 21]; Orange Energy [Figure 22]; Jones Energy Sugar Free [Figure 23]; and Jones Energy. (All of the Jones products bear the slogan, “Drink more Jones and less water.”)

Jones Soda is famous for its “alternative distribution strategy” (similar to the early years of the promotion of Red Bull). Jones placed its energy drinks in some truly unusual venues, such as skate, surf and snowboarding shops, tattoo and piercing parlors, as well as in individual fashion stores and national retail clothing, music stores and restaurants.

Jones Soda continually changes the photographs on its (soda) labels.

It encourages customers to submit photos for consideration, and even allows people to order bottles with customized labels. Its website (www.jonessoda.com) features a database of several thousand submitted pictures, detailing which pictures appeared when, and on what flavors (good information for collectors).

Customers can also submit fortunes to be printed underneath the bottle cap that are also desirable collectors’ items.

March-April 2007 Collecting of any of the Jones Soda Company’s bottles or cans or caps seems to make good sense.

GO FAST (Go Fast Sports & Beverage Co. of Denver, CO) Go Fast Sports & Beverage Co. began in Denver, Colorado in 2001 by Tom Widgery. In 1992 Widgery was a member of the world-class competitive skydiving team, “Airmoves.” The team’s skydiving plane crashed during a training session in California. Sixteen people died; Troy was one of a few survivors.

In 1996, Troy while continuing his work with skydiving teams, he started a company “Go Fast Sports” to represent the lifestyle he and numerous sports enthusiasts live. Go Fast Sports focused on producing a line of T-shirts and accessories and establishing dealerships around the world.

Beginning in 2001 Go Fast began entering into others sports-interest markets.

These additional markets included skiing, snowboarding, jet skiing, wakeboarding, triathlon, mountain biking, road cycling, auto racing, B.A.C.E. jumping, and other sports where people want to go fast. Noticing the fast-growing market for energy drinks, Troy created and began marketing Go Fast energy drink [Figure 24].

In 2004 because of initial success, Troy introduced Go Fast Light [Figure 25] and followed with Go Fast Sportsman’s Energy drink in 2005 [Figure 26].

VENOM (Cadbury Schweppes) What used to be the famous Snapple Beverage Corporation ––a company based in Rye Brook, New York that, since its inception in 1972, was famous for selling tea, juice drinks, lemonade, and diet drinks.

After being sold several times and undergoing several name changes, the firm in 2000 was sold to beverage giant Cadbury, the owner of Schweppes brands. The next year in 2001 Cadbury entered the energy drink market with “Venom.” Collectors should be aware that the historic Snapple brand does not appear on the 8-oz can, instead, it is advertised as having been produced by Cadbury’s “Elements Beverage Company.” The company uses a silver can with black /yellow/orange motif.

The “Venom” logo is on black surrounded

47 by an orange circle [Figure 27].

Because of its relationship to Snapple, Venom cans are bound to be quite popular with collectors.

SoBe No Fear / SoBe Adrenaline Rush / Mountain DewMDX (PepsiCo) SoBe No Fear [Figure 28] was created in 2003 and is one of three relatively new canned energy drinks placed on the market

by PepsiCo which has decided to join other major beverage manufacturing companies in producing energy drinks. SoBe No Fear Sugar Free [Figure 29] was also launched in 2003 – both drinks are reportedly selling well.

SoBe Adrenaline Rush Energy Drink [Figure 30] was created and first introduced in 2000. It features “…a sweet and refreshing passion fruit flavor.” It comes in an 8.3 oz can featuring two lizards as part of the logo – a visual treat to add to any energy can collection.

Mountain Dew energy drinks MDX Original [Figure 31] and MDX Sugar Free [Figure 32] were a 2005 addition to the PepsiCo line of energy drinks. In the advertising, MDX Original is described as having more “melon” flavor than regular Mountain Dew and is a lot more “green.”

MDX Sugar Free is claimed to have a strong resemblance to the flavor of Mountain Dew with “less of a chemical flavoring.”

Readers with computer access should go to the entertaining Website that shows a clever and humorous MDX commercial: http://video.google.com/ videoplay?docid=3667926884546208101.

ROCKSTAR & FULL THROTTLE (Coca-Cola Company) Entrepreneur Russ Weiner who called his new company, Rockstar, Inc, created Rockstar the energy drink in January 2001.

The brand experienced triple-digit growth year after year and was the first energy drink to come in the now-popular 16-oz. can. The four Rockstar beverages are: Rockstar Juiced [Figure 33]; Energy Cola [Figure 34]; Diet Rockstar Energy Drink [Figure 35]; and Rockstar Energy Drink [Figure 36].

The Coca-Cola Company launched Full Throttle energy drink in October of 2004.

Atlanta-based Coke noticed the success and large profits of the energy drink market and decided to add to its distribution system the

48 popular Rockstar brand Full Throttle and re-creating its own TAB cola line as the energy drink –TAB Energy [Figure 37].

With these products the Coca-Cola Company is targeting young men, in the 20 to 30-year-old range. Full Throttle energy drinks are: Full Throttle Fury [Figure 38]; and Full Throttle Energy [Figure 39]. The brand currently has 7.8 percent of the energy-drink market. The advantage it has over most other energy drinks is the fact that it’s from Coca-Cola. That means people are able to purchase Full Throttle, Rockstar, and TAB Energy in many locations where they wouldn’t find any other brands such Red Bull, SoBe, Monster, etc. A perfect example of a good location not available to most manufacturer/distributors would be vending machines across the country.

Many of the big soda pop manufacturers have entered the energy beverage market.

While most identify the lineage of their products, some do not and it is up to the collector to learn who actually owns the various brands. In this article parent companies have been identified whenever possible.

Monster Energy / Hansen’s Functional Energy Drinks (Hansen Natural Corporation) Hansen Natural Corp. markets, sells and distributes a wide variety of beverage category drinks. These include natural sodas, fruit juices, energy drinks, sparkling lemonades and orangeades, noncarbonated ready-to-drink iced teas and others.

The company markets and distributes energy drinks under the Monster brand name and Hansen’s Functional Energy Drinks. Collectors of their cans will find them at Costco, Trader Joe’s, Sam’s Club, Vons, Ralph’s, Wal-Mart, Safeway and Albertson’s stores.

Fig. 41 Monster Beverage Company is owned by Hansen Natural Corporation, which distributes the Monster energy drinks. The Monster line consists of Lo-Carb Monster XXL [Figure 40]; Monster Energy XXL [Figure 41]; Monster Kahos Energy Juice [Figure 42]; Monster Energy Assault [Figure 43]; Lo-Carb Fig. 44

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Monster Energy Drink [Figure 44]; and Monster Energy Drink [Figure 45].

Hansen’s Natural Corp. under Hansen’s Beverage Co.” distributes the energy drinks: Hansen’s Energy Deuce [Figure 46]; Anti-Ox [Figure 47]; D-Stress [Figure 48]; Energy [Figure 49]; and Stamina [Figure 50]. < Fig. 49 Fig. 50 >

Hansen’s Monster Pumps Iron in Energy Drink Market: CORONA, Calif. – A small company here has created a monster in the pumped-up market for energy drinks.

Hansen Natural Corp., once an obscure seller of fruit juices and sodas, is growing at a furious pace thanks to it Monster Energy line of beverages. It has been a welcome jolt for Hansen’s investors and spawned multimillion-dollar stock gains for its two executives.

Monster has become the second-best selling energy drink behind industry leader Red Bull, which is battling with several new rivals that hope to capture the market’s surging sales.

Industry wide U.S. sales of the caffeine-laced drinks are expected to climb to nearly $3 billion this year from $2 billion in 2004, and should keep growing at least 50 percent annually for the next several years, predicted John Sicher, editor and publisher of trade Journal Beverage Digest . . .

New energy-drink rivals include such giants as the Coca-Cola Co., which is distributing Rockstar and Full Throttle, and PepsiCo Inc., which sells SoBe No Fear and SoBe Adrenalin Rush . . .

The drinks initially were bought mostly by men ages 18 to 30, especially at night, when the drinks also are used as cocktail mixers. But that age group has widened to 13-50, and women now account for one-third of Monster’s customers.

Monster is sold in black cans with neon-green claw marks on the side, and Hansen describes the mixture as “the meanest energy supplement on the planet”. . .

The company dates back to 1935, when Hubert Hansen started a juice business in Los Angeles.

After a trip through bankruptcy in the late 1980s, the company was sold in 1992 to two South African businessmen –– Sacks and Hilton Schlosberg for $14.6 million.

They targeted the energy drink market after Red Bull –– popularized by marketing executive Dietrich Mateschitz, who began selling the drink in his home country of Austria in 1987 –– rapidly expanded in Europe and plunged into the U.S. market.

Red Bull, which made Mateschitz a billionaire, is now sold in 130 countries and the company said it has no fear of Monster and the other new entrants. Their arrival “really validates the category,” and Red Bull “is committed to stay ahead of the curve,” said Patrice Radden, a spokeswoman at Red Bull’s North American headquarters in Santa Monica. For now, Sacks and Hilton Schlosberg are enjoying the financial rush from Monster. The pair led a group if Hansen insiders who together own 25.6 percent of Hansen’s stock, according to the most recent proxy, a stake now worth nearly $400 million.

Hulk Energy (Powered by SOCKO Energy) Early in May of 2006, in Los Angeles, pop culture icon and wrestler Hulk Hogan [Figure 51] announced the release of his new energy drink “Hulk Energy” [Figure 52] “Powered by Socko” [Figure 53].

Hogan took his enthusiasm for his latest Fig. 51

adventure to the small screen as Hulk Energy made its debut on The Tonight Show making host Jay Leno the first consumer to try the energy drink.

According to the makers of SOCKO, the successful energy drink company that is producing Hulk Energy, Hogan’s drink has been “… specifically designed to deliver an impact of energy fortified with Taurine, vitamins Fig. 53

Bottles and Extras B12, B6 and Horny Goat Week to help endurance while increasing mental awareness without unwanted carbohydrates.”

Collectors don’t have to believe such patent-medicine-type claims BUT they cannot fail to notice the stunning collectible can that contains Hulk Energy.

AND to those who want to know more about Hulk Hogan the icon, go to: http:// w w w. w r e s t l i n g - c a r i c a t u r e s . c o m / id117.html.

IN SUMMARY: Energy drinks are relatively new phenomena in the beverage industry. Like all other beverages, they come in some form of container. All containers have the potential of being of interest to collectors. Bottle and can collecting have become a respectable hobby for many thousands of people. Energy beverages are a very new category and easily predicted to become an important one in collecting. Unlike other products the energy drinks offer a collector the chance to get in on the ground floor of gathering energy drink containers. Most of the containers available today will not be

March-April 2007 available in a few years as the industry and market complete their shakeout phase.

Anyone interested in getting a representative gathering of these containers is advised to not hold off!

Canadian Energy Drinks The following are the known energy drinks that are made and distributed in Canada. A number of them are also made and distributed in the U.S.: * Red Bull Energy Drink * Impulse Energy Drink * Dark Dog * Shark Energy Drink * Hype Energy Drink * SoBe Adrenaline Rush * EAS Piranha Energy Drink * AMO Energy Drink * Red Rain * Red Dragon Energy Drink * Diablo Energy Drink * YJ Stinger

49 Referemces To check current collector can or bottle prices, go to eBay and enter “energy drinks” – http://www.ebay.com.

Photography Credit: Courtesy to BEVNET: (www.bevnet.com) Books: Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to the Collectibles of Coca-Cola. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1972.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1970.

Wahlquist, M. L. Food and Nutrition – Australia, Asia and the Pacific. New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. Pty. Ltd., 1997.

Periodical: Peltz, James F. “Hansen’s Monster Pumps Iron in Energy Drink Market.” Los Angeles Times, December 24, 2005.

Cecil Munsey, 13541 Willow Run Road, Poway, CA 92064-1733 (858) 487-7036 - cecilmunsey@cox.net

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The Dating Game: The Distinctive Marks of the Charles Boldt Glass Co.

By Bill Lockhart, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsay History In the 1890s, Charles Boldt was president of the Muncie Glass Co. in Muncie, Indiana. In 1900, he built a new factory at Cincinnati and then reorganized as the Charles Boldt Glass Co., operating both plants. Production included a “general line” of bottles, but the emphasis seems to have been on packers’ ware and liquor bottles. One of the first items of business at the new Cincinnati plant was a large order of catsup bottles-reputedly “enough to make a thousand carloads of finished goods.” At least initially, the Muncie plant was used for flint glass, with Cincinnati for flint and amber. In 1904 (and for several years thereafter), the former plant had two continuous tanks with a total of 13 rings; the latter had three continuous tanks with 22 rings (American Glass Review 1934:149, 161; Lima Times Democrat 1900; Roller 1994:74). The Cincinnati factory made “liquor ware, flasks and packers’ ware” in 1904, while the Muncie plant made “a general line of bottles and packers’ ware in flint” (American Glass Review 1934:149; 161).

It is unclear when machine production began in these factories, but it was certainly present by 1905. Hand production existed alongside semiautomatic machines for several years in both plants. In 1905, Boldt reportedly decided to convert Muncie to an all-machine green-glass operation, and to devote it entirely to producing fruit jars, “press liners” and jar lids.1 At the same time, fruit jar production was to be discontinued at Cincinnati. It is unclear how thoroughly the plans were carried out, but Boldt did use it as a rationale for switching the jurisdiction of the Muncie factory from the Bottle Blowers Association to the Flint Workers’ Union. Two machines were in place, making 4 oz. and 24 oz. “cherry bottles.” Also in 1905, machines (perhaps newly installed) were in use at Cincinnati.

In 1907, turn molds were being used for metal from the amber tank at Cincinnati, presumably on cylindrical liquor bottles.

The following year, the plant was running full, employing 16 blownware shops on one

tank, and 20 machine shops on the other two tanks, “packers, flasks, etc.” being the product. At the same time, Muncie started the year with three machines, had four at mid-year (one producing milk bottles, two for whisky flasks and one – a new “Johnny Bull” – for “brandy-fives”), and finished the year with five. At the beginning of the year, 30 glassblowers were also employed. We have found no further record of fruit jar production – on machines or otherwise (Commoner and Glassworker 1907e; 1908j; 1908k; Mayer 1908b; 1908c; National Glass Budget 1905n; 1905o; 1905p; 1906; 1912c).

The Muncie plant was worked through the end of 1908 and then turned over to the newly-established Muncie Glass Co. Prior to transfer, the by-then five machines at Muncie were moved to Cincinnati, along with the men who ran them. This should have left the Muncie factory as a hand shop, but reference to a “machine tank” makes this uncertain. The plant specialized in prescription ware. Though it reportedly had been “sold” to the new company, union sources asserted that Muncie Glass was merely a holding company for Boldt. When the factory was destroyed by fire in January, 1910, Charles Boldt was listed as the owner.

Five hundred people were employed in the short-lived operation. The plant was rebuilt, and that fall it was making “milk bottles, flasks, packers and a general line of machine ware” on five machines.2 Nonetheless, the company was dissolved in December (Boldt 1909; Commoner and Glassworker 1908l; 1909n; Fort Wayne Sentinel 1910; Mayer 1909; 1910b; Muhleman and Allen 1909; Roller 1994:75).

“Disposal” of the Muncie plant left the Cincinnati operation with 16 hand shops, as well as 32 machine shops on 16 machines. Other than the Johnny Bull(s), we do not know what kinds of machines were in use. That soon changed, however.

In the fall of 1909, Boldt acquired the right to manufacture liquor bottles on the Owens automatic machine. By the following February, two Owens machines were in place, a 10-arm machine that was turning out half-pints, and a six-arm

machine making pints.3 By October, four machines were in place, with expectation of three more by year’s end, and all the hand blowers had been eliminated (Boldt 1909; National Glass Budget 1909f; 1910b; Mayer 1910a).

The success of this conversion led to a period of expansion. In 1911, the Cincinnati plant was enlarged to accommodate more Owens machines. The new facility was intended to double the output capacity – being modeled after the Owens Co. plant at Fairmont, West Virginia. By 1913, a total of 14 machines were in place, making “liquor ware of all kinds.” In the latter year, the company built a second factory, in Huntington, West Virginia, but what it produced and how, are not presently clear (Hayes 1913; National Glass Budget 1911a; 1911b; Six 1993:29; Toulouse 1971:91).4 This expansion, however, fell afoul of the growing Prohibition movement. Boldt’s license to use the Owens automatics applied only to liquor ware, and this market soon went into decline as increasing numbers of states and local governments banned alcohol consumption. By 1915, the company was still credited with 14 machines, but ten of them were idle. With the advent of national Prohibition in 1919, the investment in these machines – with the restrictive license – became almost worthless, and the Cincinnati plant reportedly closed. At this point, the Owens Bottle Co. purchased the majority of the Boldt stock, thus acquiring control of the company.5 This led to installation of new equipment at both plants, and a shift from liquor ware to a varied line of narrow and semi-wide mouth bottles (Glassworker 1925; Hammer 1925; Hayes 1915; Toulouse 1971:91).6 In January, 1926, Owens Bottle took over the Boldt plants entirely, consolidating them with the Owens operation. While both plants had been in operation until the takeover, only Huntington was listed thereafter as an Owens plant, suggesting that Cincinnati was simply closed (Charleston Gazette 1925; Moody’s Industrials 1928:1388).

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51

Bottles and Marks B with two extended serifs (1910-1919 – on Owens automatic ware) This mark is found extensively on pint whiskey flasks. Most are colorless and have Owens scars on the base; none have the shoulder-embossed “FEDERAL LAW FORBIDS SALE OR RE-USE OF THIS BOTTLE” warning that was required from 1935 to 1964 (Busch 1991). The mark may be found on the heels or bases of the bottles or on both [Figure 1] (Lockhart 2000b:5860, 69).7 The mark is also frequently found on cylinder whiskey bottles, especially in the quart size [Figure 2]. Although the mark may be found on other containers (see below), liquor bottles were Boldt’s only production item on Owens machines, and Boldt was the only B-initialed company licensed to make such bottles on Owens machines prior to Prohibition. Machinemade containers with the B mark may be dated from 1910 (the beginning of Owens machine production at Boldt) to 1919 when the Cincinnati factory closed, and whiskey bottle production generally ceased because of Prohibition.8 We have found no evidence that the mark continued to be used on other containers after 1919. It is possible that control of the company by Owens in that year led to dropping the B mark.

Nonetheless, if the mark is found on Owensmachine-made non-liquor wares , it can only indicate the period of Owens control when the restriction of the original license was lifted (1919-1926). Although Jones (1966:15) attributed the serif-B mark to the Buck Glass Co., she was in error.

apparent catsup bottle, in the Tucson Urban Renewal collection at the Arizona State Museum.

Along with the “B” mark, the base was embossed “DESIGN PATENTED / NOV. 30 TH , 1897” [Figure 3].

B with two extended serifs (1900-1910 – on mouth-blown or semi-automatic ware) Although uncommon, hand-made flasks are also embossed with the two-serif B mark. Christopher D. Adams, archaeologist for the U.S. Forest Service, reported an amber pint flask that was mouth-blown with a two-serif “B” embossed on the center of its base. Berge (1980:91, 146) illustrated two examples of the mark found in Utah.

The first is a half-pint bottle with an early style of continuous-thread finish with a twoserif “B” embossed on the base beside an upside-down 16. Although Berge was careful with his illustrations and showed other Owens scars, none is visible on this bottle. Berge also illustrated another, round, colorless relish bottle base embossed B/ 504D. We found another example, an

BOLDT (ca. 1905-1908 – Fruit Jars) (1910-1919 – Liquor Jugs) According to Toulouse (1971:91-92), this mark may be found on at least two types of fruit jars (both machine made) manufactured between 1900 and 1927. He gave no explanation why he chose 1927 as a closing date. In his earlier book, Toulouse (1969:48-49) noted that the “BOLDT MASON” was made between 1900 and 1915, and the “BOLDT MASON JAR” was made between 1912 and 1927 [Figure 4]. As usual, he gave no explanation for his choice of dates. Both jars had the name embossed on the shoulder.

Creswick (1987:30) also showed two BOLDT MASON jars. One was embossed “MASON,” but the other read “MASOM,” an engraver’s error.

She dated the jars “circa 1905 or later” and listed three companies (Muncie Glass Co., Charles Boldt Glass Co. and Charles Boldt Glass Manufacturing Co.) as possible makers.

Figure 1: Serif B Mark with Owens Scar on both Heel and Base [TUR]

Figure 2: Serif B Mark with Owens Scar [Suzy McCoy]

Figure 3: Serif B Mark on Catsup Bottle – No Owens Scar [TUR]

Figure 4: Boldt Mason Jar [eBay]

52 Roller (1983:70) also dated the jar at ca.

1905 but added the following information: A 1905 letter by the Charles Boldt Glass Glass (sic) Co. headed “Muncie, Indiana,” announced that they would begin making MASON FRUIT JARS on April 1st. Whether these jars were made in other years, and at Boldt’s Cincinnati, Ohio, plant is not known.

Two factors are relevant to establishing a date for this fruit jar mark. First, food bottles – and presumably fruit jars – were made by Boldt beginning in 1900. In 1905 fruit jar production was shifted entirely to the Muncie plant which operated under Boldt only through 1908; there is no evidence that Cincinnati made anything but liquor ware between 1905 and 1919. They may have made food containers again from 1919 until 1926, but those would have been made on Owens machines. Consequently, “Boldt” fruit jars made by hand or on semiautomatics should date between 1900 and 1908. If they were made on Owens machines, they should date from 1919 to 1926. All jars embossed “BOLDT / MASON JAR” that we have seen (sample of six) were made by press-and-blow machines, so they, at least, should be dated 1905-1908.

The word “BOLDT” was also embossed on the bases of liquor jugs [Figure 5]. All such marks that we have seen were found on bases of colorless jugs made on Owens machines. Therefore, these jugs should be dated 1910-1919.

CHAS.BOLDT CO.CIN.O (ca. 19051910) This mark is embossed very low on the heel of a large, wide-mouth bottle in the David Whitten collection [Figure 6]. The bottle has a round ejection mark on the base indicating a manufacture by a semiautomatic or (non-Owens) automatic bottle machine. It is uncertain how early machine production began at Cincinnati. Possibly, it was used for part of the output from the beginning, but certainly machines were in use at the Cincinnati plant by 1905. The evidence at hand indicates that the plant converted entirely to narrow-mouth liquor ware, and entirely to Owens machine production, during 1910.

TIP TOP (ca. 1904) The TIP TOP trademark (43,383) was registered on September 20, 1904, the company specifying that it had been in use

March-April 2007 since August 1 of that year. Although it was reportedly embossed on bottles, the class of ware was not noted, and we have seen no examples.

C.B.CO. (ca. 1905-1919) Feldhaus (1987:33-34) listed a colorless, one-gallon liquor jug (without handle “eyes”), with a C.B.CO. logo. The jug was made for A.M. Smith, a Minneapolis, Minnesota, liquor dealer and was embossed with his name and address.

Smith was in business from 1888 to 1910.

A similar amethyst jug from the “DANVILLE DIST. CO. INC.,” Danville, Virginia, is embossed “C.B.CO.PAT.” on the heel and has a serif B, along with an Owens scar, on the base [Figure 7]. This combination of the C.B.CO. mark, the serif B, and the Owens scar distinctly ties “C.B.CO.” to the Charles Boldt Glass Co. A final piece of evidence is a jug marked “CHAS.BOLDT CO.CIN.O.” (see above), a testimony that Boldt used a name that corresponded to the “C.B.Co.” initials.

There were certainly other CBCo marks, but those must remain for another Dating Game column.

Figure 5: BOLDT Mark on Whiskey Jug [eBay]

Bottles and Extras Discussion and Conclusion In both its earliest and latest stages, Boldt produced a variety of bottles. In the early years of the company, the plants also made jars, although these were probably discontinued by 1908. From the time Boldt received Owens machines (1910), he mostly made whiskey flasks and bottles. His primary mark on liquor products was a “B” with two serifs extending to the left. He used variations of his company name (BOLDT, CHAS.BOLDT.CO., etc.) on larger containers (e.g., half-gallon and gallon jugs) and fruit jars. The C.B.CO. mark was also used on large containers but should not be confused with other C.B.Co. marks. Boldt’s C.B.CO. has been only found on colorless jugs.

Acknowledgments We would like to thank Alan Ferg and the staff of the Arizona State Museum for allowing us to photograph bottles from the Tucson Urban Renewal collection (TUR), one of which was used in this publication.

Kudoss also to Suzy McCoy, volunteer at the Rhyolite Bottle House for sending us photos from that building (one of which is

Figure 7: C.B.Co. Mark used by Boldt [eBay]

Figure 6: CHAS.BOLDT CO.CIN.O on a Wide-Mouth Bottle [David Whitten]

Bottles and Extras included in this article). Our deep gratitude to David Whitten, former member of the Bottle Research Group, still a friend and contributor. And always our gratitude goes to the legions of eBay sellers who post photos and information on the jars an bottles they sell. This is a gold mine for glass bottle researchers!

References: American Glass Review, 1934 Glass Factory Yearbook and Directory. American Glass Review, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Includes reprint of the Glass Trade Directory for 1904. Commoner Publishing Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Berge, Dale L. 1980 Simpson Springs Station: Historical Archaeology in Western Utah. Cultural Resource Series No. 6. Bureau of Land Management, Utah.

Boldt, Charles. 1909 Statement from Charles Boldt.

Commoner and Glassworker 27(32):12. [5-15-1909] Busch, Jane. 1991 “Second Time Around: A Look at Bottle Reuse.” In Approaches to Material Culture Research for historical Archaeologists, pp. 113-126.

Society for Historic Archaeology, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Charleston Gazette. 1925 “Boldt Plant is Taken

by Owens.” Charleston Gazette, Dec. 12, 1925:3.

[Charleston, WV] Commoner and Glassworker. 1907e “Queen City Glass News.” Commoner and Glassworker 26(5):1, 4.

[11-16-07] Commoner and Glassworker. 1908i “Will Not Operate This Season.” Commoner and Glassworker 26(48):5. (Sept. 5, 1908) Commoner and Glassworker. 1908j “Live Notes from Muncie.” Commoner and Glassworker 26(42):5.

Commoner and Glassworker. 1908k “From the Queen City.” Commoner and Glassworker 27(6):12.

Commoner and Glassworker. 1909n “Muncie Plant is Now in Blast.” Commoner & Glassworker 27(16):5.

Creswick, Alice. 1987 The Fruit Jar Works, Volume II, Listing Jars Made Circa 1900 to Modern. Privately printed, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Feldhaus, Ron. 1987 The Bottles, Breweriana and Advertising Jugs of Minnesota 1850-1920: Volume 1I: Whiskey, Druggist, Medicine. Privately published, Edina, Minnesota.

Fort Wayne Sentinel. 1910 Big Fire at Muncie.

Fort Wayne Sentinel, January 12, 1910:11. [Fort Wayne, IN] Glassworker. 1925 “Modern New Producer Installed.” Glassworker 44(25):13-14.

Hammer, J. M. 1925 “A Startling New Bottle Conveying Machine.” Glassworker 44(24):13-14, 2122..

Hayes, Denis A. 1913 “Bottle Making by Machinery.” National Glass Budget 29(16):1-3. [823-1913] Hayes, Denis A. 1915 “The Glass Bottle Situation.” National Glass Budget 31(14):1-2. [8-141915] Illinois Glass Company. 1920 Illustrated Catalogue and Price List Illinois Glass Company: Manufacturers of Bottles and Glass Containers of Every Kind. Illinois Glass Company, St. Louis.

Jones, May. 1966 The Bottle Trail, Volume 6. Nara Vista, New Mexico.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

1913 “The Present Status of the Glass Bottle and Hollow Ware Industries in the United States.” Journal of

March-April 2007 Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 5(11):951954.

Lima Times Democrat. 1900 “Big Order Given to a New Industry in the Queen City.” Lima Times Democrat, Feb. 23, 1900: 1. [Lima, Ohio.]

Lockhart, Bill. 2000b “Cache or Trash? Glass Artifacts from the Senate Office Building Privy” in The State Office Building Archaeological Project: Testing Report. Anthropology Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso.

Mayer, Charles C. 1908b “News Concerning Many Plants in the Indiana District.” Commoner and Glassworker 26(16):1, 12. [2-1-1908] Mayer, Charles C. 1908c “Flint, Window and Bottle News from the Western District.” Commoner and Glassworker 26(37):1, 12. [6-27-1908] Mayer, Charles C. 1909 “Latest News of the Trade from Many Glass Centers.” Commoner & Glass Worker 28(3):1, 5. [10-23-1909] Mayer, Charles C. 1910a “Latest News of the Trade from the West Virginia District; Bottle Machines at Boldt Plant.” Commoner and Glassworker 23(18):1.

[2-5-1910] Mayer, Charles C. 1910b “Live Glass Trade Items from the Western District.” Commoner & Glass Worker 28(51):1, 12. [9-24-1910] Miller, George L. and Tony McNichol. 2002 “Dates for Suction Scarred Bottoms: Chronological Changes in Owens Machine-Made Bottles.” Paper presented at the 2002 SHA meetings, Mobile, Alabama.

Moody’s Industrials. 1928 Moody’s Manual of Investments, American and Foreign: Industrial Securities. Moody’s Investors Service, New York.

Muhleman, Arthur and John Allen. 1909 “Bottle Blowers’ Statement.” Commoner and Glassworker 27(33):13. [5-23-1909] National Glass Budget. 1905n “A Change at the Boldt Factories.” National Glass Budget 20(47):5.

National Glass Budget. 1905o “Boldt Dumps Dennis.” National Glass Budget 20(48):1.

National Glass Budget. 1905p “Boldt Trying Machines.” National Glass Budget 20(47):8.

National Glass Budget. 1906 “Labor Leaders Exchange Courtesies.” National Glass Budget 22(8):1.

National Glass Budget. 1909f “The Automatic Reaches Out.” National Glass Budget 25(17):1.

National Glass Budget. 1910a “Bottle Machine Statistics.” National Glass Budget 25(50):1.

National Glass Budget. 1910c “Ware for the Liquor Trade.” National Glass Budget 26(21):10.

National Glass Budget. 1911a “Boldt Bottle Factory Enlargement.” National Glass Budget 26(47):3.

National Glass Budget. 1911b “Passing of Bottle Blowers.” National Glass Budget 26(49):1.

National Glass Budget. 1912c “Changes Wrought in 7 Years.” National Glass Budget 28(30):1.

Roller, Dick. 1983 Standard Fruit Jar Reference.

Privately published.

Roller, Dick. 1994 Indiana Glass Factories Notes.

Acorn Press, Paris, Illinois.

Scoville, Warren C. 1948 Revolution in Glassmaking: Entrepreneurship and Technological Change in the American Industry, 1880-1920. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Six, Dean. 1993 The Index to Dean Six’s Encyclopedia of West Virginia Glass. West Virginia Museum of American Glass, Ltd., Weston, West Virginia.

Toulouse, Julian Harrison. 1969 Fruit Jars.

Thomas Nelson & Sons, Camden, New Jersey.

Toulouse, Julian Harrison. 1971 Bottle Makers and Their Marks. Thomas Nelson, New York.

53 Walbridge, William S. 1920 American Bottles Old & New: A Story of the Industry in the United States.

Owens Bottle Company, Toledo, Ohio.

Wilson, Bill and Betty Wilson. 1969 Western Bitters. Old Time Bottle Publishing Co., Salem, Oregon.

Endnotes: 1 Press liners were probably the flat glass (often milk glass) disks that were held in place by a zinc (or later steel) threaded band to form the lid on some jars.

However, we were unable to find a definition for the term in any of our sources.

2 Since by this time the Cincinnati plant was busily converting to Owens machines, it is possible that these were the same five semiautomatics that had been moved from Muncie to Cincinnati at the end of 1908.

3 Scoville (1948:106) and Miller and McNichol (2002:7) report that the contract with the Owens Bottle Machine Co., giving Boldt one of only two licenses for manufacture of whiskey containers on the Owens machine, was signed on June 10, 1910, and actual production began the following year. Contemporary sources, however, indicate that by the reported license date Boldt had already been in production for at least five months. There was actually a third license retained

by Owens for its own manufacture of whiskey bottles.

4 References to Boldt’s 14 Owens machines all refer to the “Charles Boldt Co., Cincinnati,” leaving the impression that they were all located at that plant, but as the Huntington plant is never listed in these tallies, this is not certain.

5 Walbridge (1920:111) noted that as part of this deal, Boldt joined the Owens board of directors. The addition of Boldt to the Owens management was seen as helping to establish the company “in the foremost rank of the world’s bottle manufacturers.” This was evidently one of the developments that inspired the change in corporate name from “Owens Bottle-Machine Co.” to “Owens Bottle Co.” 6 Scoville (1948:112) reports that after the 1919 stock purchase, the Charles Boldt Glass Co. was renamed the Charles Boldt Glass Manufacturing Co. We have not seen this revised name used in any contemporary sources.

7 Lockhart erroneously attributed the “B” mark to the Brockway Machine Bottle Co. following Toulouse (1971:57-61).

8 Although some legal whiskey production continued for medicinal purposes, the vast majority of legal liquor production ceased. A 1920 Illinois Glass Co. catalog still illustrated and offered a variety of liquor bottles. A copy in the possession of one of the authors was sent to a potential customer in Durango, Mexico – indicating a possible external market where alcohol was still legal.

There was also some violation of the law by both bottle makers and bootleggers. The Latchford-Marble Glass Co., for example, was caught making beer bottles for use by an American ring (Los Angeles Times 11/11/ 1926; 12/17/1926).

Bill Lockhart 1313 14th Street, Apt. 21 Alamagordo, NM 88310 bottlebill@tularosa.net

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Saratoga Springs

By Don Yates Early Visitors During the 1700s, the public relied on a popular pharmacopoeia for their health. The wealthy had access to doctors but the doctors were not adequately trained. Medical practice was highly unrefined. The three main treatments were: opium-based pain killers, leaching or blood Letting, and finally drinking massive drafts of mineral waters.

It is now known that the effectiveness of these treatments was worthless. The social results of drinking mineral water are profound. To drink the waters at a spa became a simultaneous attempt to eliminate pain and to demonstrate one’s wealth.

Bath was the predominant health resort of eighteenth century England. During the summer, the elderly annually congregated to heal their bodies from the ravages of the winter’s sins in town, at least believing the waters would cure arthritis, gout, syphilis, dyspepsia, and a hundred other diseases.

The main spas in the U.S.A. were Saratoga Springs and Balston Spa. British invasions from the north had slowed commercial development of the mineral springs of Saratoga County, and it was not until after the War of 1812 that their full scale development began. Development in transportation included steamers on the Hudson with railroads to follow shortly.

These made the springs more accessible to southerners escaping the summer heat and to the wealthy of the northern cities, where summer was the cholera season. Eventually, a regular string of resorts was established; and the greatest among them was Saratoga Springs, a heaven for some of the wealthy, several of the famous and large numbers of those who desired wealth and notoriety.

In 1838, Balston Spa had a local population of about 1,200 people. It had a county courthouse, three churches, and several large hotels. There are several mineral water springs: Balston Spa, The Washington Spring, The Sans Souci Spring, The Lewis Spring, and the Park Spring. All springs are similar in composition.

In 1820, Saratoga was still small. Life centered around huge wooden hotels each named for a spring – The Congress; The Pavilion; The Union; and the United States.

In 1830, The Saratoga waters were trusted to be medicinal, but of the huge crowds that flock there yearly, only a small

portion were invalids. The town was quite elegant, the main street being very wide and shaded by old trees. The hotels were very large and operated by professional staff.

Each of the hotels was constructed as a large three-sided rectangle – the fourth side being formed by a high wall. The three sides were shaded by a colonnade, to protect the guests from the hot sun.

The dinners served at the hotels were excellent. A bell was rung and the entry doors opened simultaneously. All of the tables were assigned by reservation.

Waiters ran across the dining room to quickly serve the patrons – occasionally crashing into one another - spewing China and food helter skelter.

After dinner, people would relax in the inner colonnade for a quiet chat, or to smoke a pipe. About half of the men smoked at that time.

In 1840, people traveled from all over the country to visit Saratoga Springs in the summer. They even came from New Orleans to enjoy the coolness of the Adirondacks.

The taste of the spring water was very pleasant. Three or four pints were usually subscribed in the morning, before breakfast.

It was drunk with each meal, but was deemed best right at the spring, before any gas could escape. The proprietors – Dr. John Clarke and Thomas Lynch – were the first to bottle Congress Spring Water.

There were four great hotels in Saratoga.

Congress Hall was the largest and was two hundred feet long with two extensive wings.

The United States Hotel was similar in size with public reading rooms, a library, ball rooms and a newspaper press.

Saratoga Lake was about five miles from the springs and considered fine for fishing.

Congress Spring Water, a favorite, was bottled which caused it to lose much of its briskness and virtue. At that time, one man and a boy could fill and cork each Congress bottle, dispatching a hundred dozen bottles each day. Congress Spring Water was considered one of the most popular and best tasting waters.

Saratoga Springs was also blessed in its wonderful location on the foot hills of the sunny southern slope of the most easterly of the five major mountain ranges of the Adirondack back woods. Great pride was

Bottles and Extras shown in her magnificent palatial beauty, the spring held the title for the world’s most famous spa: “Queen of the Spas.”

The Palmertown Mountain Range is in the most easterly of this mountain group.

Beginning on Lake Champlain, near Ticonderoga, it runs along both sides of Lake George and crosses the Hudson River above Glen’s Falls. After crossing the Hudson, this mountain chain runs down along the perimeter of the towns of Corinth and Moreau, through Wilton and Greenfield and ends up in downtown Saratoga Springs, under North Broadway Avenue!

Thus this village of Saratoga Springs, while she drinks her mineral waters in the full blaze of fashions highest splendor, sits at the very base of the historic Laurentian Adirondacks and breathes to fullness the cleanest and most refreshing air of these mountains.

Along the valley which runs through the village, the hard Laurentian rocks terminate and the gravel of the Trenton limestones and Hudson River slates begin. In the geologic fault which occurs here, between these two systems of rocks, the mineral springs of Saratoga bubble from the earth’s strata, elavated by the clever hand of nature.

Early Pioneer Settlers Sir William Johnson, at the time of his celebrated visit with the Indians to the High Rock Spring of Saratoga in August, 1767, was living at the height of his Baronial power with the Indian Princess, Molly Brandt, as his wife and their eight dusky children in his manor house at Mount Johnson. He was His Britannic Majesty’s Superintendent – General of Indian Affairs in North America.

Sir William acquired gout and was able to cure himself from drinking the waters from the High Rock Spring.

The next man of prominence to visit High Rock Spring was General Philip Schuyler. In the year 1783, General Schuyler cut a road from the mouth of Fish Creek in Saratoga, now called Schuylerville, to the High Rock Spring. He brought his family and built a home of rough cut timber on a bluff a little south of the spring. This street is now called Front Street. He used this home as a summer house for his family and friends.

General Schuyler had taken his commander – General George Washington – to the High Rock Spring in 1783.

Washington returned to Saratoga by way of the trail which led to the springs at Ballston

Bottles and Extras Spa. There was no human habitation during that time. It was not until 1787 that Benajah Douglas, the pioneer of Ballston Spa, built the first rude log tavern and opened it up for guests. Douglas had built large frame hotels in Ballston Spa six years prior to Gideon Putnam’s enterprise of building the Grand Union at Saratoga Springs.

Those six years came close to costing Saratoga its now proud position as the “World’s Greatest Watering Place.”

General George Washington was thrilled with the value of the mineral springs of Saratoga. Soon after peace was declared, he made the attempt to purchase the land near the High Rock Spring. In his published correspondence, there is a letter relating to this endeavor.

The First Settlers of Saratoga Springs In 1771, pioneer settler Dirck Schouten moved to the springs to cut away his small clearing, to plant some potatoes and build his log cabin home on the ridge, a little west of the High Rock Spring.

Alexander Bryan, in 1787, lived at the intersection of Front Street and Rock Street, near the site of what is now called the Empire House. These two crude cabins are located on opposite sides of Rock Street and were the first hotels until Benjamin Risley built the Yellow House in 1799. Gideon Putnam started building the Grand Union Hotel two years later, in 1801.

In 1790, a new era bloomed at Saratoga Springs. In that year, The Balston Spa founders, Benajah Douglas and Nicholas Low, were making their first land purchases.

Benjamin Risley and his two sons-in-law, Gideon Putnam and Dr. Clement Blakesley, came to settle in Saratoga Springs. Gideon Putnam was charmed to become the founder of modern Saratoga, which it became in 1878 in all of its fairy-like magnificence and beauty above the more humble scene of Putnam’s early labors.

Benjamin Risley was a prominent, wealthy citizen from Hartford, Connecticut.

When he moved to Saratoga in 1790, the capital he brought with him was the foundation for the wealth of Saratoga Springs, aside from the real estate interests of the Waltons and the Livingstons.

Upon settling at the springs, Benjamin Risley purchased several building lots from Catherine Van Dam on Rock Street between Catherine and Front Streets. He also built a popular tavern on that block.

The Putnam family traces its roots from John Putnam, who sailed from England

March-April 2007 in 1684 and located at Danvers, Massachusetts. John had three sons, Thomas, Nathan, and John II. From son Thomas Putnam descended a long line of prominent people, including General Isreal Putnam. Isreal was a hero during the Revolutionary War. Gideon Putnam was the man of steel nerve, comprehensive powers of invention and the master creator of Saratoga Springs.

Gideon Putnam was the son of Mary and Rufus Putnam. He was born in the town of Sutton, Mass. in the year 1764. Gideon Putnam married Doanda Risley, the daughter of Squire Benjamin Risley, a gentleman of great prominence at Hartford, Connecticut. After first arriving at Saratoga, Gideon was a carpenter and a cooper. He shipped his barrel staves to New York and finally began making a decent living.

In 1805, Gideon purchased over one hundred acres for the beginning of Saratoga Springs. In 1806, he drilled and tubed the Washington Spring; also the Columbian Spring, which was in Congress Park. He next drilled and tubed the Hamilton Spring in 1808.

Gideon Putnam discovered the famous Congress Spring and tubed it in 1809. He began the construction of Congress Hall in 1811. The scaffolding used by the masons collapsed, killing his top mason. Gideon also fell during this accident and sustained grave injuries. He died in December, 1812, at the age of forty-nine.

Squire Benjamin Risley had six daughters. One, Theodosia, married Dr. Clement Blakesley – the first physician at the springs, and another, Doanda, married Gideon Putnam.

In 1800 there were two serious rivals for the proud position of the “World’s Greatest Watering Place,” Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa. Ballston Spa had been established ten years earlier, with major hotels and boarding houses constructed around 1790. Saratoga only had log cabins near the High Rock Spring at that time.

Gideon Putnam was the fortunate man to understand the situation. In 1800, Congress Spring was still surrounded by dense forest. That same year, Gideon purchased a lot of land next to Congress Spring, upon which now stands the Grand Union Hotel and Congress Hall. The clearing for the Union Hall Hotel was already started.

The Union Hall Hotel was the first large and commodious hotel erected for visitors at Saratoga Springs.

55 After building the Grand Union, Gideon established the new village, which sprang up around Congress Spring. In laying out this village, he exercised much liberality.

The streets were quite wide, and everything else was established on a scale commensurate with the importance of this future spa. Gideon had a wonderful vision of the future of his springs.

On his map, Broad Street is in front of Union Hall, which is now called Broadway.

There were three known springs near the Union Hall: The Congress, The Columbian, and The Hamilton. Gideon laid out Saratoga in such a way that each of these springs had access from public streets so that they could remain free to the public.

At the end of 1794, John and Ziba Taylor moved to Saratoga. They were the early pioneer merchants. They first operated a small store in the Old Schouten House, then owned by Benjamin Risley. John Taylor built a small log cabin on a hill, not far from the High Rock Spring; they also sold a stock of merchandise. John Taylor owned and developed The Ten Springs.

During the fall and winter of 1772, the doctors’ S.S. & S.E. Strong Institute, had greatly increased its size to accommodate the requirements of the increasing patronage. It was now the largest health institute in Saratoga and was unsurpassed in the variety of remedial appliances by any in the U.S.A. The building was also steam heated to produce summer-like conditions year-round.

The Mineral Springs of Saratoga The region of mineral springs in eastern New York consisted of a long, shallow and half-moon shaped valley, extending northeast from Ballston Spa, its westerly point, to Quaker Springs, its eastern edge.

This whole valley was full of mineral fountains of more or less merit and in the central region bubbled up the famous “Waters of Healing,” which has given to Saratoga its world wide fame.

It was probable that spring water could be obtained anywhere in the southern region of the county by tapping the underlying Potsdam Sandstone where the water usually rose above the surface. As the water was forced to the surface, this caused the pressure to drop and a portion of the gas to escape with effervescence. The spouting wells delivered enormous volumes of gas along with the water: a perfect suds of water, carbonic acid, and carbureted hydrogen.

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Spring water is good for the stomach, good for the skin, good for the ladies of all possible ages, and for all sorts of conditions of men.

Bottles and Extras

Columbian

Springs Spring << Columbian photo here >>

Above: Congress Hall filling in process.

Below: Congress Bottling House.

chalybeate, or iron water, with excellent tonic properties. It also had diuretic benefits and was used extensively for that purpose.

CONGRESS SPRING Congress Spring was located in Congress Park, opposite the Grand Central Hotel. Congress & Empire Co. were the proprietors.

Congress Spring was discovered in 1792, by a group of three gentlemen who were on a hunting trip. John Gilman, one of those gentlemen, was an ex-member of Congress and the spring was named The Congress in his honor.

From the date of its discovery to the present day, this famous spring has been the center of attraction in Saratoga.

Congress Park

Gideon and Doanda Risley had nine children. Several of Gideon’s sons were town trustees, including Rockwell Putnam, who was trustee in 1826 and later President of the Trustees.

Doanda Risley

Rockwell Risley

During 1820, Dr. John Clarke, the proprietor of the first soda fountain, purchased Congress Spring. He was also the first one to bottle Congress Water.

It was Clark who constructed the beautiful Greek columns around Congress Spring and also the Grecian Dome over the Columbian Spring.

After John died in 1846, the new proprietors were Clark and White.

Partner John White was also later president of the town trustees.

In 1865, this partnership was incorporated under the name: “Congress & Empire Spring Co.” COLUMBIAN SPRING Opened in 1806 by Gideon Putnam and one of the most popular springs among the Saratoga residents, the Columbian Spring was located in Congress Park and was also owned by the Congress & Empire Co., proprietors. The spring was a fine

CRYSTAL SPRING The Crystal Spring was discovered in 1870 and was located on the south side of the Grand Union Hotel. The proprietors named it the Crystal Spring because of the crystalline appearance of the water (because it has a little too much sulphur). This spring is alterative in its therapeutic properties.

ELLIS SPRING The Ellis Spring was located near the Railroad and was between the Geyser and the Glacier Springs.

Empire Spring

EMPIRE SPRING The Empire Spring was located on Spring Avenue at the start of Circular Street and below a high limestone cliff. It was in the northern part of the village about a quarter of a mile from the Star Spring and was owned by The Congress & Empire Spring Co. after 1865.

The first proprietor of the Empire Spring was George W. Weston – 1846 to 1861. They made

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007 attributes. Henry also built a beautiful brick bottling house.

Geyser Spring

many improvements to their grounds and building and located their bottling house near shade trees. The next owner was D.A. Knowlton from 1861 to 1865.

Empire Water was very similar to Congress Water. It was considered very valuable in treating many diseases, including bilious fevers, and dysentery.

EUREKA SPRING Eureka Mineral Spring was discovered in 1865 and was located at the corner of Spring Avenue and Lake Avenue in a beautiful location within its own park of twenty-five acres. The water was declared suitable to cure dyspepsia and all other diseases of the liver and kidneys.

EXCELSIOR SPRING The Excelsior Spring was discovered in 1859

by Henry Lawrence. It was also located on Spring Avenue near the Loughberry Water Works, which supplied the village of Saratoga Springs with water from Excelsior Lake. The spring water was a pleasant cathartic with alterative and tonic

GEYSER SPRING Located on Ballston Road near the railroad, this mineral fountain was discovered in 1870.

The orifice bored in the rock was 5 ½ inches in diameter and 140 feet deep. The water was thrown up by the action of its own carbonic acid gas, under great pressure, producing a fountain jet, very attractive to the public. The height of the Geyser was twenty-five feet. A side stream was used for bottling under pressure with the bottling house located close to the spring.

GLACIER SPRING The Glacier Spouting Spring was discovered in 1871 by Jesse Button.

Located near Geyser Spring at the east end of the railroad, it shot up to a height of forty feet. The water was very concentrated and claimed exceptional medicinal attributes.

HAMILTON SPRING Hamilton Spring was located on Spring Avenue in the rear of Congress Hall and on the corner of Putnam Avenue. Its principal benefits were diuretic, and in large doses, cathartic. It also claimed to be effective for kidney ailments.

HATHORN SPRING Discovered in 1868 during the construction of Congress Hall ball room, Hathorn Spring was located on Spring Street, immediately north of Congress Park. Congress Hall, one of the largest hotels in Saratoga

57 Springs, was also built and owned by Henry H. Hathorn.

This spring water was very popular and contained more Lithia than the other springs.

High Rock Spring

HIGH ROCK SPRING The first Saratoga Spring to be discovered, High Rock Spring was located on Willow Walk Road between the Seltzer and the Star Springs.

Today Willow Walk has been changed to High Rock Avenue.

William Johnson was shown this spring by a group of his Indian friends.

Johnson said that it looked like a miniature volcano containing a pool of crystal clear water.

Around 1848, the owners bored two orifices in the adjacent land. These new High Rock springs were called the Peerless and the Governor. In 1866, a new company was formed and called the High Rock Congress Spring Company.

PAVILION SPRING Drilled in 1869, the Pavilion Spring was was located between Henry and Putnam Streets, a location called “Pavilion Spring and Park” with a beautiful colonnade over the spring. The United States Spring is within the colonnade, just a few steps south of the Pavilion. Both of these springs were owned by the same proprietor.

The Pavilion Spring was tubed by its owner – Daniel McLauren. McLauren built an underground pile crib around his spring

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Pavilion Spring

to keep the area dry. After tubing, he built a bottling house and started to fill glass bottles with spring water.

In 1868, it was drilled to a depth of ten feet further down, into solid sand stone.

This achieved a purer flavor and had cathartic attributes. At that time, the springs were called: The Pavilion and U.S. Spring Company.

It had been accepted as a cure for many diseases, including dyspepsia, biliousness, and rheumatism. This favorite spring water was bottled at their bottling house and was shipped by rail and steamer all across the country.

PUTNAM SPRING Discovered and bored in 1865, Putnam Spring was located on Phila Street near Putnam Street. There was also a nice pool used mainly for bathing. The water was a tonic and chaly-beate (iron). The owner, Lewis Putnam, was the son of Gideon Putnam and in 1872 was the oldest native resident of Saratoga Springs.

Red Spring

THE OLD RED SPRING Discovered by Samuel North around 1784, the Red Spring was located on Spring Avenue just beyond the Empire Spring at the intersection of Geneva and Warren Streets. The first bathhouse was constructed at the Red Spring. This spring was named Red Spring because of the rusty deposits left by the water. Naturally a chalybeate spring with its high iron content, it was retubed in 1870 and it remained a strong alterative for curing blood diseases and skin diseases.

Bottles and Extras

SARATOGA “A” SPRING Saratoga “A” Spring was located on Spring Avenue, just beyond the Empire Spring. Bored and tubed, it was purchased in 1865 by The Western Company.

A new bottling house was built in 1866, and their bottles were shipped by railroad, all over the U.S.A. The wooden bottling house was destroyed by fire in 1868. Jay Gould was the original president. The water was pleasant, quite similar to that of the Congress Spring.

THE SELTZER SPRING Located about 150 feet from the High Rock Spring, Seltzer Spring was discovered in 1868. Its water was entirely different, demonstrating the vast differences of the subterranean activity. The owners tubed the spring with an upper section of glass pipe to demonstrate the flow of their fountain.

This is a real seltzer spring because the attributes of the water are nearly identical to the famous Nassau Spring of Germany.

For that reason, it was also highly prized by the German citizens. Nearly two million stoneware quart jugs were imported from Germany annually.

Star Spring

THE STAR SPRING Located on Spring Avenue at Circular Street, Star Spring was discovered in 1835.

Melvin Wright was the superintendent. It was first called the President Spring and later, the Iodine Spring. In 1865, the Star Spring Company was formed and in 1868, they built the finest bottling house in Saratoga constructed of brick and brown stone. They maintained their spring to keep the water as pure as possible.

Star Spring Water was bottled in green pints and quarts, and was sold by the case.

It was also put into oak casks and tightly sealed in order to hold the carbonation. Star water was mildly cathartic, and slightly acidic, quite pleasant to taste. Their principal customers included taverns, apothecaries, and drug stores.

THE TEN SPRINGS Can you name them? They were located

in the vicinity of Eureka Park. Others were Excelsior, Minnehaha, and The Union Spring. The name “Ten Springs” had been forgotten.

UNITED STATES SPRING Located between Henry and Putnam Streets, and under the same colonade as the Pavilion Spring, the United States Spring was discovered in 1868. It seemed to have tonic properties, with only a mild cathartic effect.

The United States Spring water was considered a good mixer by adding both flavor and sparkle to wine.

WASHINGTON SPRING First used for bathing purposed, the Washington Spring was discovered in 1828 and was located on the property of the Clarendon Hotel on South Broadway. While drilling the Washington Spring, a tremendous flow of water gushed up and had to be drilled again, within a coffer dam to control the flooding.

The Washington Spring, a chalybeate spring with both tonic and diuretic attributes, was also called the “Champagne Spring.” Many residents regarded this spring as the most pleasant beverage in Saratoga.

WHITE SULPHUR SPRING Located on the corner of Spring and Lake streets, the White Sulphur Spring was owned by the Eureka Spring Company. This was the only sulphur spring of Saratoga and was highly prized for curing most diseases.

Instructions for Drinking the Waters: Cathartic waters should be taken in the morning, before breakfast, because in the morning, the body is refreshed by sleep and the stomach is empty. Two or three glasses are generally sufficient within a short time and only a few minutes before eating.

The spring waters, taken as an alterative, should be sipped in small quantities throughout the day. The success is based on the absorption of the water into the tissues.

The chalybeate or tonic waters should be taken after dinner. One half glass should be sipped at a time.

The diuretic waters should be drunk before meals and at night. Walking and other exercise increases the benefits.

CONGRESS HALL

Bottles and Extras Congress Hall was a mammoth building extending from Spring Street to Congress Street. Its frontage along Broadway was 416 feet long with two large wings extending back 300 feet.

Congress Hall was advertisted as an architecturally perfect gem, each room described as elegant and large. The corridors were ten feet wide and broad, commodious stairways, with the finest elevators, in the State, render every portion accessible.

Congress Hall was constructed in 1868

by Henry H. Hathorn, the proprietor of the Old Congress Hall and also the owner of Hathorn Spring.

GRAND UNION HOTEL Located on the west side of Broadway, the next hotel worthy of notice is the Grand Union Hotel. Its mammoth structure occupied seven acres and was constructed of brick with a impressive frontage of 1365 feet. It incorporated a series of colonnades, with white and colored marble columns.

The largest hotel in the world at the time, the dining room could accommodate 1200 guests with an orchestra to present music every morning after breakfast and again in the afternoon during tea time.

Routine for an 1872 Saratoga lady: Look out the window at the wonderful scenery, quickly get up and get dressed.

Take a walk down to the Congress or Washington Spring. Drink water to the music of the orchestra. Walk around the Park with her gentleman. Chat a little, have another drink. Enjoy a great breakfast. See who comes in on the morning train. Take a

March-April 2007 siesta.

At noon time – walk to the parlor; bow to the gentlemen; have some small talk with them; have some gossip with the other ladies. Dress for dinner; have dinner – one and a half hours. Sit in the Park and hear the orchestra. Ride to Lake Saratoga. See who gets off the evening train.

At tea time – Dress for tea; enjoy tea and cakes. Dress for the hop; go to the hop; chat awhile in the parlors. Listen to the spunky music. Go to bed. (Balls were held on Saturday night at the main hotels).

HALL OF SPRINGS The ceremony in which the cornerstone of the Hall of Springs was laid on July 12, 1933, marked the beginning of the “New Spa Development.” Waters from the Geyser, Hathorn and Coesa Springs were piped into the Hall of Springs for patrons to drink while they strolled or listened to live orchestral music. This building, which included a concert hall, a promenade, writing rooms, lounges and a restaurant, became the jewel of the entire spa complex.

The statues located in front of the Hall of Springs were originally part of a representation of the four basic elements – earth, wind, water, and fire. The female figure represented earth and the male figure represented water. Today the Hall of Springs retains much of its former elegance and charm and serves as a fine restaurant.

Governor Franklin Rosevelt believed that the mineral springs of Saratoga were an under-utilized natural resource. During the winter of 1929, he proposed a study for the development of the Springs along the lines of the European Spas, where good

59 health and water treatment had been linked for centuries.

By July, 1935, construction of the new Spa was complete. Among the seven buildings was the Simon Baruch Research Lab, which housed research facilities, medical and administration offices, a museum, meeting rooms and a theater.

Today it serves as the headquarters for the Saratoga Capital District Park Region, and the Saratoga Spa State Park.

Saratoga State Seal Water: By the twentieth century, Saratogas’ waters and spas were celebrated throughout the nation. Tourists to Saratoga, and the public at large, were purchasing a healthy lifestyle that included a proper diet and exercise. Even Theodore Rosevelt was an ardent promoter of exercise and it was in this atmosphere that health enthusiasts began to seek waters that would promote health, both internally and externally.

The search for a drinking water that was pure and ideal for salt free diets, and healthy diets in general, led to the discovery of State Seal Water in the State Reservation at Saratoga Springs. State Seal Water is available in the Joseph I. Bruno Pavilion.

References: Upstate Travels, British Views of Ninetheenth Century New York. Roger Haydon, 1982, Syracuse University Press.

History of Saratoga County, N.Y. Nathaniel B. Sylvester, 1878.

Reminscences of Sara-Toga & Ballston.

William Stone, 1880, Gutenberg Press, Univ. of Syracuse, Web link.

Donald Yates, 8300 River Corners Road, Homerville, OH 44235 (330) 625-1025; donaldbetsyyates@earthlink.net

Left: Congress Spring Park

Above: Geyser Spring Park

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Bottle and Extras Individual and Affiliated Club Membership Information

Bottles & Extras FREE ADS Send to : Kathy Hopson-Sathe

Bottles and Extras Editor 341 Yellowstone Drive Fletcher, NC 28732 or Email : kathy@thesodafizz.com Category - “WANTED” Maximum - 60 words Limit - One free ad per current membership per year.

Category - “FOR SALE” Maximum - 100 words Limit - 100 per issue.

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Enclose the Appropriate Amount and Mail to: FOHBC, c/o June Lowry, 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083 Make checks payable to: The Federation of Historicial Bottle Collectors (FOHBC) Please Note: Allow 6-8 weeks from the time you send in your payment until you receive your first issue of Bottles and Extras.

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Phone: (816) 318-0160 E-mail: osubuckeyes71@aol.com

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Classified Ads FOR SALE For Sale: Shot glasses. Acid etched: 1) Hayner w/barrel. 2) H.C. Knode Distillers, Wholesalers & Importers, 34 So. Meridian, Indianapolis, Ind. 3) The John Keifer Company, East Dubuque, Illinois. 4) Old Stave Whiskey, St. Joseph Supply Co., St. Joseph, Mo. 5) 5” tall Anderson & Co. Phosphates, Atlanta, Ga. Cobalt Poisons.

1) DUR 61 1-oz, machine? 2) McCormick Bumble Bee, WT & Co label under glass apothecary jars with stoppers. 3) Clear square Denat. alcohol plus paper poison label, follwing two RD cobalt wide mouth.

4) P. Sacch, lact. 5) Sod. Chlor (label damaged, “ide” missing), amber trademark lightning fruit jars, Red Book 1489s. 6) Two half-gallons. 7) Two quarts. 8) One honey amber. Plus others. Swaps?

Contact: R. Keiffer, Box 1325, MacCenny, FL 32063, Ph: (904) 259-7775.

The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

Bottles and Extras Advertising Rates Ads: Kathy Hopson-Sathe 341 Yellowstone Dr., Fletcher, NC 28732 Phone: (423) 737-6710 E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com Makes checks payable to: The Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors CLASSIFIED ADS 10-cents a word 15-cents a bold word. $2.00 MINIMUM

ALL ADS MUST BE PAID IN ADVANCE 50% Discount for FOHBC Club Show Ads

DISPLAY ADVERTISING RATES FREQ

PAGE

COVER

1 TIME 2 TIMES 3 TIMES 4 TIMES 5 TIMES 6 TIMES

$150 $260 $360 $460 $560 $660

$200 $380 $540 $700 $860 $1020

1/2 PAGE 1/4 PAGE $80 $150 $215 $280 $345 $410

$50 $90 $130 $170 $210 $250

COL. 4”

COL. 3”

COL. 2”

$20 $35 $50 $65 $80 $95

$15 $25 $35 $45 $55 $65

$10 $15 $20 $25 $30 $35

For Sale: Very good condition Hutch.

Embossing reads: “Bottle Made / For / Hutchinson / Patent / Springstopper.” No Next Stop Deadlines: March 15th for May-June 2007 issue, damage or case wear. $325. Oklahoma May 15th for July-August 2007 issue.

Territory Hutch, “J.C. Cross / Kingfisher / O.T.” Tombstone slug plate, light case wear on heel. $300. Anheuser Busch large crowntop. Has metal bail seal top. “This bottle not to be sold” 2001 EDITION ... on the back. S.B. & G Co. on bottom. 32-ounce size with eagle on front and “Registered.” $200. Fort Dodge crowntop.

Embossing reads: “Fort Dodge / Bottling Works / Cont. 7 oz. / Fort Dodge, Iowa.” $45. Contact: David Baumann, 10241 LeJean “The Fruit Jar Collector’s Bible” Dr., Oklahoma City, OK; Ph: (405) 816-1340 or E-mail: firstgencoltman@webtv.net (put “bottles” in subject line).

For Sale: From Red Book 9 Fruit Jars: # 51-2 aqua silver off outside rim, quart, $1750. #2387 aqua, three lines of embossing, quart, $850. Contact: James Dennis, 1625 E. 9th, The Dalles, OR; Ph: (541) 298-1979.

BOOKS / PERIODICALS FOR SALE: Can you tell the “Real” from the “Repro”? Now you can with Tippecanoe & E. G. Booz Too! A book about cabin bottles, by Thomas C. Haunton. Detailed info on 57 different bottles, with new “McKearin” numbers, over 140 photos, and new information on E. G. Booz - the man! A price guide and free CD with 200 color photos are also included. Send $32.95 postpaid to: TOM HAUNTON, 48 Hancock Ave. #1, Medford, MA 02155-5621. E-mail: tchaunton@comcast.net FOR SALE: GEORGIA CROWN TOP BOTTLE BOOK. 260 pages with over 1400 bottles. Includes Georgia Bottling Works, 263 different Script straight-sided Coca-Cola bottles from Georgia, 236 different Georgia Chero-Cola bottles. Many others also listed. All Color! $39.95 + $3.95 Shipping. Send to: Georgia Soda Bottle Book, 1211 St. Andrews Drive, Douglas, GA 31533.

FOR SALE: 5th Edition BOTTLES: IDENTIFICATION & PRICE GUIDE - THE “BOTTLE BIBLE FOR ALL COLLECTORS! All in color - 600 stunning photographs- Two New Chapters: “Patriotic/Political Bottles” and “Perfume Bottles.” Comprehensive Price Guide: 51 Chapters;

RedBook

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Reflects Recent Price Influences of Auctions and the Internet, as well as Current Price Trends Soft Cover, 432 Pages Over 10,000 Entries $35 US - $40 Non-US - Post Paid Order from Author : DOUGLAS M. LEYBOURNE, JR. P.0. BOX 5417 - NORTH MUSKEGAN, MI 49445

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Classified Ads Comprehensive Research Guide: History & Origin, Age Identification, Digging Methods, Determining Bottle Values, Trademark Identification, Dealer & Club Guide, Glossary of Terms, Bibliography, Auction Houses, and much more. Send Check or Money Order To: MIKE POLAK, P.O. Box 30328, Long Beach, CA 90853, Ph: 562-438-9209, E-mail: bottleking@earthlink.net.

FOR SALE: BIG BOB BEST BITTERS is a comprehensive price guide for collectors of bitters bottles reporting auction prices realized for the last 17 years.

This printing contains nearly 4000 accurately described bitters in a convenient, easy to read format. Listing bottle description and condition, Ring/ Ham number, sale date and realized auction prices, this reference is a musthave for the collector or dealer of bitters bottles. To encourage your attendence at bottle shows, the price is an affordable $10.

Price postage paid is $15. Send check or money order with your mailing instructions to: BOB STRICKHART, 3 Harvest Drive, Pennington, New Jersey 08534.

FOR SALE: A limited number of 2002, 2003 and 2004 Federation Auction catalogues with prices-realized lists are available at $5.00 each plus $2.00 postage. Full color and beautifully photographed they make a handy reference! Contact JOHN PASTOR, 7288 Thorncrest Drive SE, Ada, MI 49301; Phone: (616) 285-7604 or RALPH VAN BROCKLIN, 1021 W Oakland Avenue, #109, Johnson City, TN 37604; Phone: (423) 913-1378.

FOR SALE: CD-rom for computer users. Contents: almost 200 pages of inventory / research for Dr. Hatchett’s Drug Store Museum of Lumpkin, Georgia.

Patent medicines & other drug store products 1870s to 1950s. Research on products, history, composition of medicines, company histories, medical uses, costs of products, etc. Products can be searched by their names or manufacturers. Price: $12 for mailing to U.S. addresses. Order from Stewart County Historical Commission, P.O. Box 818, Lumpkin, GA 31515 or contact: ALLEN VEGOTSKY, 2215 Greencrest Dr., Atlanta, GA 30346-2629; PH: (770) 270-1034; E-mail: Vegotsky@earthlink.net.

FOR SALE: A COLLECTOR'S GUIDE TO ARIZONA BOTTLES & STONEWARE - A HISTORY OF MERCHANT CONTAINERS IN ARIZONA 124 pages of very detailed sketches of bottles and stoneware from the state of Arizona (1999)

Spiral bound, $25. Contact: MICHAEL MILLER, Miller Antiques, 9214 W. Gary Road, Peoria, AZ 85345, PH: (623) 4863123 or by E-mail: gramike@earthlink.net.

FOR SALE: THE PILL ROLLERS, Third Edition, C.G. & L.C. Richardson. This is the only comprehensive book on apothecary antiques available to collectors with a serious interest in pharmaceutical antiques and collectibles. The book has 185 pages with 800 items illustrated. A separate price guide is included with the book price. The glossary includes information to help identify pharmaceutical artifacts including an extensive listing of names to help identify drug jar and apothecary bottle inscriptions. The price is $37.50, including shipping, and can be ordered from: CHARLES RICHARDSON, 1176 South Dogwood Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22801.

FOR SALE: Two books on whiskey jugs by Bottles and Extras writer Jack Sullivan. THE AMERICAN WHISKEY JUG features 200 richly illustrated pages with index. $20 plus $5 postage. THE WHISKEY CERAMICS OF SCOTLAND, IRELAND and ENGLAND features 100 pages with index. $10 plus $3 postage. Or buy both for $25 plus $5 postage. Contact: JACK SULLIVAN, 4300 Ivanhoe Pl., Alexandria, VA 22304; PH: (703) 370-3039; E-mail: jack.sullivan9@verizon.net.

FOR SALE: The American Poison Bottle Book, presented by the Antique Poison Bottle Collectors Association, full-color poison bottle work book. Updated information on sizes, colors and new listings. Contains the Kuhn ID system and is dedicated to him. $50 + $4.95 s/h. Printing limited so get yours now! Check to: JOAN CABANISS, 312 Summer Lane, Huddleston, VA 24104.

WANTED Wanted: Any botttles with the name Baumgartner. Also bottles from Crown Point or Valparaiso, Ind. Contact: Keith Baumgartner, 377 Shady Ln., #43, El Cajon, CA 92021 or E-mail: Baumskinner@cox.net.

09/08 Wanted: Want older Dun & Bradstreet Listing Xeroxes. Have Georgia 1912-1918, Tenn. 1866-1875-1878, Miss. 1875-1878, Ala. 1870-1875, La. 1875, N.D. 1878, Fla. 1875-1883, 1893,1905,1908,1912,1914, 1919& other directories. Sell or swap for Fla. & Ga. directories I need. Contact: R. Keiffer, Box 1325, MacClenny, FL 32063 or call (904) 259-7775.

Wanted: Miniature / Sample Bottles & Whiskies I don’t have. Mold-blown only, labels a plus. Especially looking for: Sample Hayner in amber; Red Top Rye in green; Geo. Torrey in clear. Don’t hesitate - call, write or E-mail. All communications replied to. Contact: Chuck Norris, 13056 162nd Rd., Mayetta, KS 66509, Ph: (785) 9662454 or E-mail: cnorris@holtonks,.net.

Wanted: Maggi bottles and anything that says “Maggi” on it. Crescent Creamery, Souix Falls, South Dakota. Contact: Joe Maggi, 117 Lincoln Pl., Waldwich, NJ 07463, Ph: (201) 294-0878 or E-mail: seasonedclassics@yahoo.com.

Wanted: South Dakota and Dakota Territory bottles and advertising jugs. Top prices paid. Contact: Jim Louks, E-mail: JLouks@mato.com.

Wanted: Pre-prohibition advertising jugs, crocks, pitchers, churns, rolling pins - from all states and all sizes. Will pay premium prices for jugs from small towns and saloons. Also want pre-prohibition shot glasses, signs, corkscrews, tokens and back bar bottles. Contact: Thomas Noel, 1385 Norsworthy Rd., Kirksey, KY 42054, Ph: (270) 489-2440 or E-mail: jugging@mchsi.com.

Wanted: Early western bitters bottles, such as E.G. Lyons, Dr. Renz’s Herb Bitters (small lettered variant) & Rosenbaums Bitters (small variant bottle), Cassin’s Grape Brandy Bitters & Lacour’s Bitters (all bottle conditions considered).

Contact: Warren Friedrich, Ph: (530) 265-5204 in Calif., or E-mail: warrenls6@msn.com.

Wanted: OREGON FLASKS. All types including “ flats.” Top dollar paid or will trade for any that I do not have.

Include Oregon Flasks in subject of an E-mail to zigs@bendcable.com or Ph: (541) 548-4776.

Wanted: To buy or trade: Target balls, target balls traps and related items.

Advertising, posters, etc. Please do not tell my wife I am running this ad - she has been known to become very violent when I pay ridiculous prices for worthless junk. Please write, phone or E-mail (or send smoke signals). Contact: Mike O’Malley, 1702 Mystery Hill, Pleasant Hill, MO 64080, Ph: (816) 520-8372 or E-mail: mikeomal@earthlink.net.

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Classified Ads Wanted: Pfaltzgraff, York, Pa. bluedecorated stoneware with bird or people decorations. Baltimore-decorated stoneware with chickens, waterer-feeder.

Foust Whiskey, Glen Rock, Pa. label under glass bottles. Contact: Jerry Lee Blevins, 1120 Bentley Rd., Freeland, MD 21053, Ph: (410) 327-4285.

interested in Territory-marked bottles. Will pay book value for undamaged bottles that I do not have in my collection. Will buy damaged bottles I do not have an example of. Contact: David Baumann, 10241 LeJean Dr., Oklahoma City, OK, Ph: (405) 816-1340 or E-mail: firstgencoltman@webtv.net.

Wanted: The following medicines: S.B. Alpha Pain Cure and S.B. Alpha Liniment.

Also want Oregon mini jugs, pre-pro Oregon shot glasses and pre-pro Oregon whiskey advertisements. Thank you and have a great 2007. Contact: Jim & Julie Dennis, Ph: (541) 467-2760 PST.

Wanted: Bellingham, Whatcom, Wa. bottles, souvenirs, china, mini jugs, etc.

Especially looking for a Zane and Co. Bellingham milk bottle, Iowa Grocery, Fair Haven, Wa. mini jug. Contact: John Ranch, 3219 Greenwood Ave., Bellingham, WA 98225, Ph: (360) 733-5513.

Wanted: Pre 1920s Oklahoma embossed soda bottles, straight-sided Cokes, crowntop or Hutchisons. Especially

KETCHUP, PICKLES, SAUCES 19th Century Food in Glass 498 pages of pictures & research of glass containers the early food industry utilized.

Smyth Bound - $25.00 to: MARK WEST PUBLISHERS PO BOX 1914 SANDPOINT, ID 83864

Free For Sale and Wanted ads are a benefit of FOHBC membership.

Send your ad today!

SERVICES SPRING STEEL PROBES

Montana Sodas - Embossed - ACL - Paper Label -

Poison Bottles Joan C. Cabaniss jjcab@b2xonline.com (540) 297-4498 312 Summer Lane Huddleston, VA 24104 est. 1979

1

Especially Cleo Cola Billings, Mont.

R.J. Reid 1102 East Babcock St. Bozeman, MT 59715 (406) 587-9602 rjkreid@msn.com

Full Colour BBR

The world’s first full color bottle magazine simply got BETTER and BIGGER PACKED FULL of all the information you need on the UK & worldwide scene Well-researched articles & All the latest finds Upcoming sales & Full show calendar “the classified ads alone make a subscription worthwhile, but the color pictures make it absolutely ESSENTIAL. Heck, whatjust $20 - 2 years $40 year Air Mail subscription still Personal Check, MasterCard/Visa, even $ bills!

BBR, Elsecar Heritage Centre, Barnsley, 2, Yorkshire, S74 8HJ, England Tel: 011-44-1226-745156; Fax: 011-44-1226-361561

Length 36” to 48” Diameter 1/4” to 5/16” “T” Handle 1” Dia. x 12” and Ring 4” above tip, both welded. $37.50 includes S/H $3 Extra for Rush Shipping Cashier Check or M.O. R. L. Wilcox 7422 Park Drive Mechanicsville, VA 23111 Phone: (804) 746-9854 or E-mail: Wilcox7422@aol.com

Churchill’s Antique Bottle Cleaning Service Introductory Offer: Will clean one bottle at no charge ! (minus postage) Try me fee free!

Less than 10 bottles: $15 each.

10-14: $12.50 each.

More than 15: $10.00 each.

MARK CHURCHILL PO Box 7023 Grand Rapids, MI 49510

(616) 248-3808 E-mail: mdiscoidalis@netzero.net

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FOHBC SHO-BIZ FOHBC Sho-Biz is published in the interest of the hobby. Federation affiliated clubs are noted. Information on up-coming collecting events is welcome, but space is limited.

Please send at least four months in advance, including telephone number, to: FOHBC Sho-Biz, c/o Kathy Hopson-Sathe, 341 Yellowstone Dr., Fletcher, NC 28732, or E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com. Show schedules are subject to change. Please call ahead before traveling long distances.

All listings published here will also be published on the web site at http://www.fohbc.com.

MARCH 3 MARYLAND LINE, MARYLAND The Chesapeake Bay Insulator Club’s 19th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 2 PM) at the Fire Hall in Maryland Line (just south of I-83), Maryland. See website for directions and dealer contract. INFO: CHARLES IRONS, PH: (302) 422-5712, E-mail: ironsjrc@verizon.net; Website: www.insulators.com/clubs/cbic.

MARCH 4 - BALTIMORE, MARYLAND The Baltimore Antique Bottle Club’s 27th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 8 AM - 3 PM) at the Physical Education Center, Essex Campus, Community College of Baltimore County, 7201 Rossville Blvd (I-695, Exit 34, Baltimore, Maryland. INFO: BOB FORD, PH: (410) 531-9459, E-mail: bottles@comcast.net; Website: www.baltimorebottleclub.org.

MARCH 9-10 - CHICO, CALIFORNIA The 41st Annual Bidwell Bottle Club Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 4 PM, Free Adm.; Fri. Early Birds, 9 AM - 7 PM, Adm. $3) at the Silver Dollar Fairgrounds, Chico, California.

INFO: DON AYERS, PH: (530) 891-4931 or RANDY TAYLOR, P.O. Box 546, Chico, CA 95927, PH: (530) 345-0519, E-mail: rtjarguy@aol.com.

MARCH 10 - ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI The Missouri Valley Insulator Club’s 5th Annual St. Joseph Insulator / Bottle Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM, Free Adm.) at the American Legion Post 359, 4826 Frederick Ave., St. Joseph, Missouri. Featuring antique insulators, bottles, telephones, porcelain signs and related collectibles (many St. Joseph, Mo. items). Buy Sell - Trade. INFO: DENNIS WEBER, 3609 Jackson St., St. Joseph, MO 64507, PH: (816) 364-1312, E-mail: dennisrweber@aol.com.

MARCH 11 TYLERSPORT, PENNSYLVANIA The 13th Annual Buck-Mont Antique Bottle Show & Sale (9 AM - 2 PM; Early Buyers 8 AM) at the Tylersport Fire Co., Route 563, Tylersport, Pennsylvania. INFO: DAVID BUCK, PH: (215) 723-4048 or GREG GIFFORD, PH: (215) 699-5216.

MARCH 17 - DELAND, FLORIDA The Deland M-T Bottle Collectors Association’s 37th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM) at the Volusia County Fairgrounds, Deland, Florida. INFO: M. PALLASCH, 7 Monroe Ave., DeBary, FL 32713, PH: (386) 668-4538.

MARCH 18 - FLINT, MICHIGAN The Flint Antique Bottle & Collectibles Club’s 37th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 3 PM) at the Don Polski Hall, 3415 N. Linden Rd., Flint, Michigan. INFO: TIM BUDA, 11353 Cook Rd., Gaines, MI 48436, PH: (989) 271-9193 or E-mail: tbuda@shianet.org.

MARCH 18 - ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI The St. Louis Antique Bottle Collector Association’s 37th Annual Antique Bottle & Jar Show (Sun. 9 AM - 2 PM, Adm. $1, No early adm.) at the Two Hearts Banquet Center, 4532 South Lindbergh at Gravois, St. Louis, Missouri. 105 sales tables, displays, Kids = free, food & drink avail., antique bottles, fruit jars, pottery, breweriana, insulators & related advertising.

Presents 41st Annual ANTIQUES AND COLLECTIBLES * Free Admission * SHOW *Free Walk-In Appraisals* * Saturday, April 28th 2007 * DEALER SETUP Solano County Fairgrounds FRI. the 27th 11 AM - 6 PM McCormack Hall “Early Bird” Fri. 12 - 6 PM $10 Adm. VALLEJO, CALIFORNIA (Accross from Six Flags Marine World) For Show Information, Contact GARY or DARLA ANTONE (925) 373-6758

Bottles and Extras

March-April 2007

The Mohawk Valley Antique Bottle Club’s 13th Annual SHOW & SALE SUNDAY

MAY 6, 2007 9 AM - 2:30 PM Adm. $3 Donation

NEW LOCATION Utical Curling Club 8300 Clark Mills Road - Whitesboro, N.Y. ANTIQUE BOTTLES, STONEWARE, INSULATORS, FRUIT JARS, BREWERIANA, POST CARDS AND TABLE TOP ANTIQUES CONTRACTS - INFORMATION Peter Bleiberg 7 White Pine Road New Hartford, NY (315) 735-5430 PMBleiberg@aol.com

SEE YOU AT THE SHOW!

WE ARE A SUPPORTER OF THE FEDERATION OF HISTORICAL BOTTLE COLLECTORS AND THE NATIONAL BOTTLE MUSEUM

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FRUIT JARS

Bottles and Extras MEDICINES A D V E R T I S I N G

THE OHIO BOTTLE CLUB’S 29TH

MANSFIELD ANTIQUE BOTTLE & ADVERTISING SHOW & SALE

M A R B L E S

S M A L L

TRIMBLE ROAD EXIT U.S. RT. 30

C O C A

A N T I Q U E S

SATURDAY, MAY 12th, 2007

C O L A

RICHLAND COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS MANSFIELD, OHIO HOURS 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. DONATION $3.00 Dealer set-up Friday, May 11th, 2-6 P.M.

M I L K

EARLY ADMISSION $25.00 I N K S

CONTACT: Bill Koster - (330) 690-2794 INFO: O.B.C., P.O. Box 585, Barberton, OH 44203 FLASKS

DECORATED STONEWARE

BITTERS

B O T T L E S

Bottles and Extras INFO: RON STERZIK, Show Chairman, 2080 Sterzik Dr., Arnold, MO 63028; PH: (636) 296-3112 or GEORGE CASNAR, 4455 Helterbrand Rd., Festus, MO 63028, PH: (636) 337-2326.

MARCH 24 NATRONA HEIGHTS, PENNSYLVANIA The Western Reserve Insulator Club’s 7th Annual Allegheny Valley Insulator Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM ,- 3 PM, Dealer Set-up 7 AM) at the VFW Post #894 (Rt. 28, Exit 16 Freeport, follow to Natrona Hts.,Right at blinking stop light - Freeport Rd., Right at first signal, up lane to VFW), Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania. Orders taken for lunch and delivered from A&B Pizza. 8-foot table, $15. INFO: RON BARTH, PH: (724) 845-8439, E-mail: rktbarth@highvision.net.

MARCH 24 - MORRO BAY, CALIFORNIA The San Luis Obispo 39th Annual Antique Bottle Society’s Show & Sale (Fri. 3 - 7 PM; Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM) at the Morro Bay Veterans Hall, 209 Surf Street, Morro Bay, California.

INFO: PH: (805) 543-7484.

MARCH 25 - BREWERTON, NEW YORK The Empire State Bottle Collectors Assoc.

37th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Brewerton Fire Hall, 9625 Rt. 11, Brewerton, New York. INFO: JOHN & CAROL SPELLMAN, PO Box 61, Savannah, NY. 13146, PH: (315) 365-3156.

MARCH 25 BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA The North Star Bottle Assn. Inc. & Minn. 1st Bottle, Advertising & Stoneware 36th Annual Show (Sun. 9:30 AM - 2:30 PM, Adm. $3; Set-up, 6:30 AM - 9 AM) at the Days Inn (across from the Mall of America), 1501 Killebrew Dr., Bloomington, Minnesota. Free Appraisals, Free Parking, Approx. 95 tables.

Eight states involved. Mall of America across the street! INFO: DOUG SHILSON, Show Chairman, 3308 32 Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55406, PH: (612) 721-4165, E-mail: bittersdug@aol.com or STEVE KETCHAM, Advertising Chairman, P.O. Box 24114, Edina, MN 55424, PH: (952) 920-4205, E-mail: s.ketcham@unique-software.com.

MARCH 25 - ENFIELD, CONNECTICUT The Yankee Pole Cat Insulator, Bottle & Tabletop Collectibles Show & Sale (8 AM 2 PM, Free Adm.) at the American Legion Hall, 566 Enfield St. (US Route 5 & Exit 49 of I-91), Enfield, Connecticut. INFO: JOHN RAJPOLT, 17 Pleasant Ln., Monroe, CT 06468, PH: (203) 261-1190 or E-mail: rajpolt@earthlink.net.

MARCH 31 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA The Beer Can Collectors of America 49er Chapter’s 32nd Western States Annual Convention ( Sat. ) at the Holiday Inn, 5321

March-April 2007 Date Ave. at Meadison Ave. & I-80, Sacramento, California. INFO: MIKE WILBUR, PH: (916) 769-0051, Website: www.49erchapter.com.

MARCH 31 - WHEATON, ILLINOIS The Antique Insulators & Lightning Rod Ball Show (Formerly the Collector’s Jubilee) (Sat. 7 AM - 4 PM; Fri. Dealer Set-up, unload only, 6-9 PM) at the DuPage County Fairgrounds, 2015 Manchester Rd., Wheaton, Illinois.

INFO: JASON TOWNSEND, 720 North Dekalb St., Sandwich, IL 60548; PH: (630) 6673357.

APRIL 1 - MILLVILLE, NEW JERSEY South Jersey Bottle & Glass Club’s Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Elks Lodge of Millville, 1815 East Broad Street, Millville, New Jersey. INFO: MERRIE KERNAN, PH: (856) 451-8904 or BOB TOMPKINS, TOMPKINS, PH: (856) 691-5170.

APRIL 7 - DAPHNE, ALABAMA Mobile Bottle Collectors Club’s 34th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Daphne Civic Center, Whispering Pines Rd. and U.S. Hwy 98, Daphne, Alabama.

INFO: JIM SIMMONS, 8851 Four Mile Rd., Irvington, AL 36544, PH: (251) 824-2697, E-mail: josphs@msn.com or ROD VINING, 8844 Lee Circle, Irvington, AL 36544, PH: (251) 957-6725, E-mail: vinewood@mchsi.com.

APRIL 7 - KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN Kalamazoo Antique Bottle Show (10 AM - 3 PM) at the Kalamazoo County Fairgrounds, 2900 Lake Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

INFO: JOHN PASTOR, (616) 285-7604, E-mail: jpastor2000@sbcglobal.net; or: MARK MCNEE, PH: (269) 343-8393.

APRIL 15 - ROCHESTER, NEW YORK The Genesee Valley Bottle Collector’s 38th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 3 PM) at our NEW (OLD) location, Monroe County Fairgrounds, Minett Hall, Route 15 & Calkins Rd., Henrietta, New York. INFO: LARRY FOX, PH: (585) 394-8958, E-mail: brerfox@frontiernet.net or AARON & PAM WEBER, PH: (585) 226-6345, E-mail: dealerchair@gvbca.org; Website: www.gvbca.org.

APRIL 15 TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA The Four Seasons Bottle Club’s 14th Annual Toronto Bottle & Nostalgia Show & Sale (Sun. 9:30 AM - 3 PM, Adm. $5; Set-up Sat. 6 - 10 PM, no Early Bird) at Humber College Gymnasium, North Campus, 203 Humber College Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. INFO: GINNY WOON, Show Committee Chair, PH: (905) 602-2762, E-mail: gwoon@rogers.com; Website: w w w. c a n a d i a n b o t t l e c o l l e c t o r s . c o m .

67 APRIL 15 WEST SWANZEY, NEW HAMPSHIRE Gallery at Knotty Pine’s 13th Annual Antique Bottle Show & Sale (10 AM - 1 PM, Early Buyers 9 AM) at the Knotty Pine Antique Market, Rt. 10, West Swanzey, New Hampshire. INFO: JOAN E. PAPPAS, PH: (603) 352-5252.

APRIL 20-21 - MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA The Montgomery Bottle & Insulator Club’s 36th Annual Show & Sale. (Dealer set-up & Early Buyers Fri. 3 PM - 7 PM, Sat. 7 AM 3 PM) at the Garrett Coliseum in the Ed Teogue Arena, Montgomery, Alabama.

INFO: JAMES HOPKINS, 7366 Heathermoore Loop, Montgomery, AL 36117, PH: (334) 279-1202, or BETTY BRADSHER, 7360 Heathermoore Loop, Montgomery, AL 36117, PH: (334) 2790072.

APRIL 21 - PERTH, ONTARIO, CANADA Ottawa Valley Insulator Collectors’ (OVIC) 9th Annual OVIC Insulator Show & Sale (10 AM - 2 PM, Adm. Donations) at the Lions Hall in the Fairgrounds. Old power, telegraph & telephone insulators will be displayed.

Lunch & Coffee available. Free insulator table where insulators can be picked up or exchanged. INFO: ROBIN PLEWES, PH: (613) 256-7638.

Website: www.insulators.com/clubs/ovic.

APRIL 27 - VALLEJO, CALIFORNIA The Golden Gate Historical Bottle Society 41st Annual Bottle, Antiques & Collectibles Show / Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM, Free Adm.; Early Adm. Fri. 12 PM - 6 PM, $10; Dealer Set-up Fri. 11 AM - 6 PM) at the Solano County Fairgrounds (across from Six Flags Marine World), McCormack Hall, 900 Fairgrounds Dr., Vallejo, California. Free Walk-In Appraisals, Tables $45, also 10x10 space, $80 and 10x20 space, $125 available. INFO: GARY and DARLA ANTONE, Show Chairperson, 752 Murdell Ln., Livermore, CA 94550; PH: (925) 3736758; E-mail: packrat49er@netscape.net.

APRIL 29 - HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA The Historical Bottle-Diggers of Virginia’s 36th Annual Antique Bottle & Collectible Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Rockingham County Fairgrounds, (US Rt. 11 South, Exit 243 off I-81), Harrisonburg, Virginia. INFO: SONNY SMILEY, PH: (540) 434-1129 or E-mail: lithiaman1@yahoo.com.

MAY 4-5 - GRAY, TENNESSEE The State of Franklin Antique Bottle & Collectibles Association’s 9th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 8 AM - 2 PM, Free Adm.; Early Buyers & Set-up, Fri. 9 AM - 6 PM, Adm. $10 ) at the Appalachian Fairgrounds in Gray, Tennessee (Johnson City - Bristol, Tennessee area). 150 Tables Available.

INFO: MELISSA MILNER, PH: (423) 928-

68

March-April 2007

4445 or E-mail: mmilner12@chartertn.net.

MAY 5 MERRITT, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA The Insulator Ranch’s Insulator Show at 3046 Spanish Creek Pl., Merritt, British Columbia, Canada (Exit 286 at MerrittSpences Bridge) . (Sat. Chili & Rolls lunch, Sun. Coffee, Bacon & Eggs breakfast, prepared by Bev.- no charge) INFO: BOB SCAFE, PH: (250) 378-2787 or E-mail: bobscafe@telus.net.

MAY 6 - UTICA, NEW YORK The Mohawk Valley Antique Bottle Clubs 13th Annual Antique Bottle Show and Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 2:30 PM) (NEW LOCATION) at the Utica Curling Club, 8300 Clark Mills Road, Whitesboro, New York. INFO: Peter Bleiberg, 7 White Pine Road, New Hartford, N.Y. Phone: (315) 735-5430, Email:PMBleiberg@aol.com.

MAY 6 - KENOSHA, WISCONSIN The Antique Bottle Club of Northern Illinois 32nd Annual Antique Bottle & Advertising Show & Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 3 PM, Adm. $3) at the Parkway Chateau, Hwys 50 & I-94, Exit 344, Kenosha, Wisconsin. INFO: GREG SCHUENEMAN, PH: (847) 623-7572 or JOHN PUZZO, PH: (815) 338-7582.

MAY 12 - MANSFIELD, OHIO The Ohio Bottle Club’s 29th Mansfield

Antique Bottle & Advertising Show & Sale (8 AM - 2 PM, Early Buyers Friday 2 - 6 PM) at the Richland County Fairgrounds, Trimble Rd., Exit U.S. Rt. 30, Mansfield, Ohio.

INFO: BILL KOSTER, PH: (330) 690-2794 or write O.B.C., P.O. Box 585, Barberton, OH 44203.

MAY 18-19 - COLUMBIA CITY, INDIANA The reactivation of the Hoosier Insulator & Collectibles Show & Sale (8 AM - 4 PM; Fri. Set-up Noon - 8 PM & Sat. 6 - 8 AM) at the Whitley County 4-H Fairgrounds, 4-H Center (South of US-30 - Lincoln Highway), Columbia City, Indiana. $25 for 1st 8-foot table, $18 additional.

INFO: GENE HAWKINS, E-mail: gene.hawkins@mchsi.com or CHUCK DITMAR, PH: (260) 485-7669.

MAY 19 - COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT The Museum of Connecticut Glass’s 3rd Annual Bottle & Glass Show & Sale (8 AM to 1 PM) at the the historic Coventry Museum grounds, Route 44 & North River Road, Coventry Connecticut. INFO: JAN A. RATUSHNY, PO Box 242, Eastford, CT 06242, PH: (860) 428-4585 or E-mail: janratushny@aol.com.

MAY 19 - TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA Tallahassee Antique Bottle Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers Fri. 3 PM) at the Tallahassee Elks Lodge, 276 N. Magnolia

THE STATE OF FRANKLIN ANTIQUE BOTTLE & COLLECTIBLES ASSOCIATION PRESENTS ITS 9TH ANNUAL SHOW

MAY 5th, 2006 APPALACHIAN FAIRGROUNDS GRAY, TENNESSEE (Northeast Tennessee Area) Friday, May 4th 9 AM - 6 PM Setup for Dealers Early Buyers: Adm. $10

Bottles and Extras Dr., Tallahassee, Florida. INFO: BRITT KEEN, 1144 Azalea Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32301, PH: (850) 294-5537; or E-mail: britt_keen@hotmail.com, Website: www.floridabottles.com.

MAY 19 - CANTON, GEORGIA The Dixie Jewels Insulator Club’s Spring Swap Meet (Sat. 9:30 AM - 3 PM) at the home of Mike Santos & Linda Snavely, 601 Wexan Way, Canton, Georgia. Bring your own tables to show/sell/trade insulators.

Please call or E-mail ahead if you are coming & bring a lunch item. INFO: MIKE SANTOS or LINDA SNAVELY, PH: (770) 0547 (home) or (770) 883-2922 (Mike’s cell) or E-mail: snasan@alltel.net.

MAY 20 - BRICK, NEW JERSEY The Jersey Shore Bottle Club’s 35th Annual Antique Bottle & Post Card Show (Sun. 9 AM - 2 PM) at the Brick Elks, 2491 Hooper Ave., Brick, New Jersey. Limited amount of tables. INFO: RICHARD PEAL, PH: (732) 267-2528 or E-mail: manodirt@msn.com.

Send your show information to: Show Biz, 341 Yellowstone Dr. Fletcher, NC 28732 kathy@thesodafizz.com or use the online form at: www.fohbc.com

Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

2007 National Bottle Show COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS AUGUST 17-19, 2007

Saturday, May 5th 8 AM - 2 PM Free Admission

Fellow Collectors and Dealers: Our show will be in the Farm & Home Buliding at the Appalachian Fairgrounds in Gray, TN. We have 150 tables available, plus unlimited room at the fairgrounds to grow.

We are centrally located, close to I-81 and I-26, with reasonably priced accomodations within a few minutes.

When you purchase your first table at $25, you get a meal and all the fun you can stand! This is the perfect place for northern & southern dealers to get together to sell, trade or buy; but we need YOU - the dealers & collectors, to make this show great. On eBay, you can buy and sell, but you can’t see old friends, meet new people and get a wealth of information. Don’t miss the opportunity to be part of this show.

For more information, contact: Melissa Milner Phone: (423) 928-4445 or E-mail: mmilner12@chartertn.net

At the GATEWAY CENTER Great Rivers Ballrom and Center Hall One Gateway Drive, Collinsville, Illinois www.gatewaycenter.com Host Hotel: Holiday Inn 1000 Eastport Plaza Dr., Collinsville, IL 62234 www.hicollinsville.com (Five other motels are in the area.)

INFO: R. WAYNE LOWRY 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083 (816) 318-0161 JarDoctor@aol.com

Wanted: Colored Hutchinsons Have Penn. Colored Hutches in trade for ones I need

Buy or Trade Highest Prices Paid California • Eastern Cider Co. (Amber) • Paul Jeenicke, San Jose (Emerald Green) Colorado • C.A. Montag, Buena Vista (Amber & Green) Connecticut • Perkins Root Beer, Bristol (Amber) • W.H. McEnroe, New Britain (Amber) • Moriarity & Carbross, Waterbury (Amber) Georgia • Augusta Brewing Co., Augusta (Amber) Illinois llinois • Independent Bottling Works, Chicago (Green) • Miller & Kluetsch, Chicago (Amber) • Chicago Consolidation Bottling Co., Chicago (Amber) • Peoria Seltzer Water (Cobalt) • Chas. Singer, Peoria (Amber) • Lohrberg Bros, Red Bud (Green) Indiana • K&C (Cobalt) • Wyeth & Wyeth, Terre Haute (Amber) Kansas • H.E. Dean, Great Bend (Amber) Kentucky • The City Bottling Works, Louisville (Cobalt) • Geo. Stang, Louisville (Cobalt) Michigan • M Jos De Guise, Detroit (Amber) • Michigan Bottling Works J.W. Koch, Detroit (Amber) • Quackenbush Bros., Grand Rapids (Green) • C.O.D. Bottling Works, Jackson (Cobalt) • Property of Sprudel Water Co., Mt. Clements (Amber) • The Twin City Bottling Works, Chas. Klein, Prop. (Cobalt) Nebraska • Pomy & Segelke, Omaha (Amber) New Jersey • N. Masington, Camden (Amber) New York • F.H. Berghoefer, Binghamton (Amber)

• F.A. Jennings, Hudson (Cobalt) • Manor Bottling Works, New York (Lime Yellow) • Sand Altamont, N.Y. (Cobalt) • Thompson & Stebbins, Rochester (Amber) • D.J. Whelan, Troy (Cobalt) • Lavender & Co., Pennyan, N.Y. (Green) Ohio • A. Dalin Ashtabula, Harbor (Amber & Cobalt) • J.I. Marsh, Portsmouth (Amber) • Jos X Laube, Akron (Amber & Cobalt) • M.J. Tyrer, Newark (Apple Green) • The Consolidated Bottling Co., Lima (Cobalt) • Lake Erie Bottling Works, Toledo (Amber & Cobalt) • Miller Becker & Co., Cleveland (Olive Green) • Voelker Bros., Cleveland (Cornflower & Cobalt) Oklahoma • O.K. City Bottling Works, C.G. Frost (Amber) Pennsylvania • Jno. J. Bahl., Allentown (Green) • Goudie Mol & Co., Allentown (Green) • P.H. Reasbeck, Braddock (E. Green) • Johnson & Bros., Delta (Green) • J.C. Buffum & Co. City Bottling House, Pittsburgh (Cobalt) • Royal Bottling House, J Ungler, Pittsburgh (Amber) • J.W. Reis Ginger Ale, Laurel Street, Pottsville (Cobalt) • Ridgeway Bottling Works, R. Power (Cobalt) • F.J. Brennan, Shenandoah (Yellow) • Ashland Bottling Works, Ashland (Amber) • Johnson & Bros., Delta (Amber) • Phil Fisher, Pittsburgh (Citron) • Eagle Bottling Works, York (Amber) • Seeters Vighy & Carbonated Beverages, L. Cohen & Sons Pittsburgh (Amber & Citron) • Laffey & Harrigan, Johnstown (Cobalt) • Turchi Bros., Philadelphia (Citron) • J.F. Deegan, Pottsville (Various colors) • Union Bottling Works, Pittsburgh (Citron) South Carolina • Claussen Bottling Works, Charleston (Amber) • P.J. Serwazi, Manayunk (Olive Green) Texas • Kennedy Bottling Works, Kennedy (Amber) Wisconsin • Jos. Wolf, Milwaukee (Amber & Cobalt) • M. Gondrezick, Tomah (Green)

R.J. BROWN 4119 CROSSWATER DRIVE TAMPA, FL 33615 (813) 888-7007 RBROWN4134@AOL.COM

Bottles from the Deep Page 24

Recent Finds

FOHBC c/o June Lowry 401 Johnston Court Raymore, MO 64083

Bottles andExtras

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