04 july august 2007r

July-August 2007

The official publication of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

Bottles and Extras Collecting Colored Blobtop Beers Page 44

Vol. 18 No. 4

www.FOHBC.com

Cobalt Blue Spirit Bottles

Page 24

Berkeley Citizens, Inc. Presents

The First Annual Berkeley Antique Bottle Show & Sale

Friday, October 12, 2007 2 PM - 6 PM Saturday, October 13, 2007 9 AM - 3 PM 132 Citizens Ln., Moncks Corner, South Carolina EARLY REGISTRATION, APPLICATION & $40 FEE IN BY AUGUST 1, 2007 LATE REGISTRATION APPLICATION & $60 FEE IN BY OCTOBER 1, 2007 25,000 SQ. FT. BUILDING MONITORED FOR FIRE & SECURITY 24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK AMPLE PARKING AVAILABLE & OVERFLOW PARKING IN A NEARBY SHOPPING CENTER FOR DEALERS NATIONAL & LOCAL ADVERTISING - NEWSPAPERS, WEB SITES, TRADE SHOW MAGAZINES, ETC.

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Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

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The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

Bottles and Extras

Vol. 18 No. 4

July-August 2007

No. 172

Table of Contents Bottle Buzz................................................2

Thaddeus Davids Ink Company Ed & Lucy Faulkner............................28

Recent Finds..............................................3 FOHBC Officer Listing 2006-2008............4 President’s Message...................................5 Regional Reports........................................6 Capstan Tumblers, Jars and Bottles Used by the American Stores Company Barry L. Bernas...............................15 “TIP Baby’s” father shares Gary Beverage Co. history Bill Baab..................................20 Cobalt Blue Spriit Bottles Bryan Grapentine.........................24

Noel’s Cola History Bill Baab............................................32 What led to the “Boston Tea Party” and the development of the Hutchinson Bottle Stopper Cecil Munsey...............................34

Dating Game: Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co. Bill Lockhart (and the Bottle Research Group)...........................53 Membership Information.........................66 Classified Ads and Ad Rate Information...67 FOHBC Show-Biz Show Calendar Listings............70

Collectible 3-D Vodka Bottles Cecil Munsey................................39 Collecting Colored Blobtop Beers David Tingen....................................44 Hugo Thuemler: “Hausmaler” to America Jack Sullivan...................................48

WHO DO I CONTACT ABOUT THE MAGAZINE? CHANGE OF ADDRESS, MISSING ISSUES, etc., contact the business manager: June Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160 or E-mail: osubuckeyes71@aol.com To ADVERTISE, SUBSCRIBE or RENEW a subscription, see PAGES 66-67 for DETAILS. To SUBMIT A STORY, send a LETTER TO THE EDITOR or have COMMENTS and concerns, Contact: Kathy Hopson-Sathe, Bottles and Extras Editor, 341 Yellowstone Drive, Fletcher, NC 28732 Phone: (423) 737-6710 or E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com BOTTLES AND EXTRAS (ISSN 1050-5598) is published bi-monthly (6 Issues per year) by the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. (a nonprofit IRS C3 educational organization) at 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160; Website: http://www.fohbc.com. Periodicals Postage Paid at Raymore, MO 64083 and additional mailing office, Pub. #005062.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Bottles and Extras, FOHBC, 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083; Ph: (816) 318-0160. Annual subscription rate is: $30 or $45 for First Class, $50 Canada and other foreign, $65 in U.S. funds. The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. assumes no responsibility for products and services advertised in this publication.

The names: Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and Bottles and Extras, are registered ® names of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and no use of either, other than as references, may be used without expressed written consent from the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. Certain material contained in this publication is copyrighted by, and remains the sole property of, the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., while others remain property of the submitting authors. Detailed information concerning a particular article may be obtained from the Editor. Printed by J-2 Printing, North Kansas City, MO 64116.

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July-August 2007

Bottles and Extras

Bottle Buzz

News, Notes, Letters, etc.

Send Buzz Notes to: Kathy Hopson-Sathe at: kathy@thesodafizz.com or write: Buzz Notes, 341 Yellowstone Drive, Fletcher, NC 28732

From Bill Lockhart, The May-June issue of Bottles and Extras was (as usual) well done, interesting, and informative. I personally appreciate the time and effort involved in turning out the best collectors’ publication on the market.

However, I need to correct one detail in Cecil Munsey’s well-researched article on “Liquid Bread.” On page 63, column 3, Munsey attributes the historic bottle webpage to me. The actual author of the page is Bill Lindsey. Although Bill and I work together quite closely, the webpage is entirely of his making — with contributions from the rest of the Bottle Research Group (Bill and I, with Pete Schulz and Carol Serr).

Bill’s “Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website” is currently co-hosted by the Bureau of Land Management and the Society for Historical Archaeology and may be found at http://www.sha.org/bottle/ index.htm.

From Kathi Scott, El Reno, Okla., I would like to know if I can get a copy of the Western Collector Magazine, Nov. 1963, Vol. 1. No. 3? Olivia Lenhart was my grandmother and I am looking for any information regarding her. I wold appreciate it very much if a copy of the magazine is available and the costs of it.

I have copied the article you request the one by your grandmother, Olivia Lenhart.

It features three nice photos of Ms. Lenhart.

I am sending it via “snail mail” this afternoon.

I have all Western Collector magazines bound, so I cannot provide you with an actual copy of the magazine. I hope the copy I am sending will be helpful.

Best Regards, Cecil Munsey Providing copies of articles to family members and authors researching articles is a benefit provided by Cecil Munsey for the older magazines and Bottles and Extras editor Kathy Hopson-Sathe for those after January 2003 as a service to those who ask.

A listing of the magazine archives is available at fohbc.com.

$52,000!

A circa 1900 double-sided cardboard fan pull or hanging sign depicting an early version of the Hires “Ugly Kid” feeding a mug of root beer to a thirsty, personified “earth” set off a bidding battle when introduced by auctioneer Dave Conley at Morphy Auctions. Measuring 11 inches wide by 10 inches high, the extraordinarily graphic piece of ephemera soared to $52,000 – more than five times its high estimate.

Asked why it went so high, Morphy’s antique advertising specialist Gary Metz smiled and replied, “Two people wanted it.”

A vintage Coca-Cola sign from the ’20s or ’30s, once used in a pharmacy and in excellent, fully restored condition, sold for $4,675 at a weekend liquidation sale of items from the Moose Breath Trading Company. The sale was held May 4-5 by Four Seasons Auction Gallery at Moose Breath’s 20,000-squarefoot showroom facility, in the heart of Chamblee’s “Antiques Row” in Atlanta, Ga. An exceptionally rare and painted Wythe County, Va., blanket chest, crafted around 1800 and in a remarkable state of preservation, sold for $99,000 in a sale of

Southern furniture, pottery and folk art held May 12 by Case Antiques. The sale was held at the Knoxville Convention & Exhibition Center in Knoxville, Tenn. Prices quoted include a 10% buyer’s premium.

The chest was the top lot in the sale. It boasted three painted panels, with dahlia flower and urn designs, plus two decorated circles on the top. This “dahlia” chest belongs to the earliest and most intricately decorated chests from the Wythe County group and descended through the Dutton family of Wythe County, Va. Kovels.com (www.kovels.com), the Web’s largest free price guide for antiques and collectibles, released in May its list of the top 20 searches. The Kovels’ top 20 list is based on the results of hundreds of thousands of searches that took place on its website during the month of April.

People use price guides for a number of reasons, the most common being that they are just trying to determine the value of a specific item that they own. If an item is not listed on the top 20 list, it does not necessarily mean that it is unpopular or that there is not a demand for it. It only means that in April there was less interest.

1. World War II 2. Jewelry 3. Coca-Cola 4. Stoves 5. Furniture 6. Occupied Japan 7. Royal Doulton 8. Silverplate 9. Lighters 10. Bottles 11. Lladro 12. Paintings 13. Knives 14. Clocks 15. Sheet Music 16. Radio 17. McCoy 18. Toys 19. Capo-Di-Monte porcelain 20. Dolls Send your tidbits, comments, letters and notes to the editor at: Kathy Hopson-Sathe 341 Yellowstone Drive Fletcher, NC 28732 kathy@thesodafizz.com

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

Recent Finds I thought I would share with your readers a recent rare open pontiled medicine I recently dug in St.Louis, Mo. It is EASTMAN’S - ELIXIR - OF HEALTH, The bottle was dug from a privy in St. Louis, Mo. Oval-shaped with six large vertically recessed panels, it is extremely crude with a deep open pontiled bottom. Dates to the 1840s, from Zanesville, Ohio 1840 - 1847. Until now, there has never been a picture of one.

From Tom Feltman In late 2006, I came across an interesting piece that to date, I have found out very little information about. It is an ashtray that was designed for the pipe smoker made of heavy metal, kidney-shaped with a rectangle block at one end for tapping one’s pipe on.

Opposite of the block is a raised picture of a gentleman smoking a long pipe that extends from his lips across the ashtray. At the top of the ashtray along the edge are the words: “LONDON WINE & SPIRIT CO. DISTILLERS OF LONDON CLUB GIN’S NEW YORK AND LONDON.” In the middle of the ashtray, it has the words: “OLD TOM PLYMOUTH SLOE -- DRY -- HOLLAND.” Below those words are: “PACIFIC COAST AGENTS SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.” The underneath has the words: “MFG BY F.H. LOVELL & Co. NEW YORK.” It is in excellent condition with some wear from use. I am almost positive that it dates around 1885 to the early 1900s. I have not found any information although I did take it to the National Bottle Show last August and asked several folks about it. They had not seen a piece like this, but all offered to buy it.

I really want to find out more about it first.

The history behind it has my attention. I know that it was found in an old hardware store that has been closed for years in Sebastopol, Calif. The exact date, I am not sure of, but it closed in the late 1950s. Everything that was in the store when it closed is still there and looked after by family, of which I am a friend. How this ashtray got into this hardware store in this town, I have no idea.

I am hoping some information about this piece would come my way by sharing this with the FOHBC club members. It looks great sitting next to my Henry Campe fifth and shot glass. Anyone that has information that they would like to share can write to me. Anything will be greatly appreciated.

Richard L. Jackson P.O. Box 201 Shingletown, CA 96088

Send New Finds to: Editor: Kathy Hopson-Sathe 341 Yellowstone Drive Fletcher, NC 28732 kathy@thesodafizz.com or J. Carl Sturm 88 Sweetbriar Briar Longwood, FL 32750-2783

Tradecard courtesy of J. Carl Sturm.

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July-August 2007

Bottles and Extras

Federation of Historicial Bottle Collectors

Business & News The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors is a non-profit organization for collectors of historical bottles and related collectible items. Our primary goal is educational as it relates to the history and manufacture of historical bottles and related artifacts.

FOHBC Officers 2006-2008 President : Carl Sturm, 88 Sweetbriar Branch, Longwood, FL 32750-2783; Phone: (407) 332-7689; E-mail: glassmancarl@sprintmail.com First Vice-President : Fred Capozzela, 1108 Ritger St., Utica, NY 13501; Phone: (315) 724-1026; E-mail: fcapozzella@hotmail.com Second Vice-President : Richard Siri, P.O. Box 3818, Santa Rosa, CA 95402; Phone: (707) 542-6438; E-mail: rtsiri@sbcglobal.net Secretary : Ed Provine, 401 Fawn Lake Dr., Millington, TN 38053; Phone: (901) 876-3296; E-mail: eprovine@bigriver.net Treasurer : Alan DeMaison, 1605 Clipper Cove, Painesville, OH 44077; Phone: (440) 358-1223; E-mail: a.demaison@sbcglobal.net Historian : Richard Watson, 10 S.Wendover Rd., Medford, NJ 08055; Phone: (856) 983-1364; E-mail: crwatsonnj@comcast.net Editor : Kathy Hopson-Sathe, 341 Yellowstone Dr., Fletcher, NC 28732; Phone: (423) 737-6710; E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com Merchandising Director : Kent Williams, 1835 Oak Terr., Newcastle, CA 95658; Phone: (916) 663-1265; E-mail: KentW@ppoa.org Membership Director : Gene Bradberry, P.O. Box 341062, Memphis, TN 38184; Phone: (901) 372-8428; E-mail: genebsa@comcast.net Conventions Director : Wayne Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Phone: (816) 318-0161; E-mail: JarDoctor@aol.com

Business Manager / Subscriptions: June Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083; Phone: (816) 318-0160; E-mail: OSUBuckeyes71@aol.com Director-At-Large : John Pastor, 7288 Thorncrest Dr. SE, Ada, MI 49301; Phone: (616) 285-7604; E-mail: jpastor2000@sbcglobal.net Director-At-Large : Sheldon Baugh, 252 W. Valley Dr., Russelville, KY 42276; Phone: (270) 726-2712; Fax: (270) 726-7618; E-mail: shel6943@bellsouth.net Director-At-Large: Cecil Munsey, 13541 Willow Run Road, Poway, CA 92064-1733; Phone: (858) 487-7036; E-mail: cecilmunsey@cox.net Midwest Region Director : Ron Hands, 913 Parkside Dr., Wilson, NC 27896, E-mail: rshands225@yahoo.com Northeast Region Director : Larry Fox, 5478 Route 21, Canandaigua, NY 14424; Phone: (585) 394-8958; E-mail: brerfox@frontiernet.net Southern Region Director : Edwin Herrold, 65 Laurel Loop, Maggie Valley, NC 28571; Phone: (828) 926-2513; E-mail: drbitters@mindspring.com Western Region Director : Bob Ferraro, 515 Northridge Dr., Boulder City, NV 89005; Phone: (702) 293-3114; E-mail: mayorferraro@aol.com Public Relations Director : James Berry, 200 Ft. Watershed Rd., St. Johnsville, NY 13452; Phone: (518) 568-5683, E-mail: max@klink.net

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

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Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors

President’s Message

President : J. Carl Sturm 88 Sweetbriar Branch Longwood, FL 32750 (407) 332-7689 glassmancarl@sprintmail.com

July-August President’s Message There are important items covered in this month’s President’s Message Please READ and HEED There is a tendency for members to be late in renewing their membership and they always want to make sure that they do not miss a magazine. In many cases this requires sending the latest magazine separately from the bulk mailing. This requires extra postage that is costing the Federation money. The bulk mailing cost per magazine is in the 39-cent range while a separately mailed magazine’s postage is $2.02; therefore, it would cost us $1.63 additional per magazine.

While this doesn’t seem like much, it is not cost effective.

From this point on dues are to be paid by the 10th of the month following your last issue notice on your magazine. That is, if your magazine says “last issue,” you will have to pay your dues prior to the 10th of the following month. If the July/August issue is your last one; payment should be made prior to August 10. This enables the Sept./Oct. issue to be mailed with the bulk mailing. Missed issues may be purchased at the regular price of $5 per issue. As you can see, renewing on time will save you money and ensure timely receipt of Bottles and Extras.

You should all have your Membership Directory by this time. It should make it easier to find members with whom you have lost contact. That is, unless they have opted to not be included in the directory. Some members do not desire to have their address or phone numbers published.

The National Show August 17-19 in Collinsville, Illinois is shaping up. Be sure to get your table and banquet reservations in early. The guest speaker at the banquet

is to be Greg Hawley, who will speak on the excavating of the Steamship Arabia with all of its intact bottles and cargo. The ship was sunk in 1856 and uncovered in the late 1980s. It should be a very interesting talk.

Federation T-Shirts went on sale at the Mansfield show and appear to be a hit with the colorful picture on the back.

Our Life Members paid their dues before we were publishing Bottles and Extras. Therefore the cost of the magazine was not factored in the amount they paid. I would like to thank the following life members for their cash contributions to the FOHBC which greatly help cut down on the magazines losses. Contributors this year were: Phoebe Adams, Mary Ballentine, Gary Beaty, Steven & Monica Benko, James Bray, Chick Bukin, James Chebalo, Madelyn Cox, Howard & Lillian Dean, Bob & Connie Ferraro, Donald L. Garrison, Robert S. Hagge Jr., Ed & Juanne Herrold, Tom & Mabel Hicks, Steve & Chris Ketcham, Ralph & Terry Kovel, Mike & Anne Larson, Clayton & Jackie McCrae, George & Dorothy Oglesby, John & Claudia Panek, John Schlutz, Richard & Beverley Siri, Kevin & Carla Sives, Mark & Laura Smith, Robert Strickhart, William VanderVeen, Ray & Esther Weimer, John & Mary Wolf and Don & Betsy Yates. My sincere thanks to each and every one of you.

If any of you members out there have any suggestions or gripes about the Federation, I would like to hear them. We have a FOHBC Board meeting coming up in August at Collinsville and I expect most of the Board members will be present. Any

suggestions or comments can be placed on the agenda for discussion and clarification at that meeting. Some business of the Board can be accomplished by use of the internet, but general discussion of a subject is better handled with all members present at one sitting. The modification of the Hall of Fame guidelines was recently finalized by an Email vote. It will be published in Bottles and Extras’ Sept./Oct. issue.

I hope that you are all as pleased with the work of the new printer of the magazine as I have been. The May/June issue was the first with this printer and there were fewer problems than ever before. Their turnaround time from when we submit the issue for printing and when the magazine is ready for mailing is the fastest we have ever had. This ensures getting the magazine to you in a timely manner. I believe that our Bottles and Extras is one of the top hobby publications on the market. The writers and our editor, Kathy Hopson-Sathe, are doing a top notch job.

Since the last issue, I made the trip to the Midwest and attended the Mansfield, Ohio annual show. The weather was the best for that area in quite a few years. It seems that it is usually chilly to cold and always rainy. This year it was warm and sunny. The outdoor sales tables were the most I have seen. The two and a half fair grounds buildings and many outside dealers make this show one of the largest in the country.

Hot weather will soon be here, so remember to use sun screen and drink a lot of liquids. If you live in an area where hurricanes are a problem, think of how you can protect your collections, but remember your health and life come first. Dig hard or buy wisely and watch your collection grow.

Until next issue, stay healthy, J. Carl Sturm, President

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July-August 2007

Northeast Regional News Larry Fox 5478 Route 21 Canandaigua, NY 14424 (585) 394-8958 brerfox@frontiernet.net The Glory Hole Newsletter of the Long Island Bottle Association I found this newsletter to be very inspiring. It is exactly what I believe a newsletter should be. It is a four-page edition of nothing but club news and a membership application. There are no reprints from other publications. It is simply club news.

The editor who simply signs himself as Mark has a very basic, almost business-like approach to writing the news. What he is doing is apparently working. Members at the February meeting totaled 24. Two new members were received that evening and one more has been signed since. This is a club which is in its founding stages. As I remember, this club dissolved a few years back and then was reformed.

He also gives a good plug for Antique Bottle & Glass Collector and Bottles and Extras, suggesting they would make a great gift and giving contact information if you want to order one.

This is a newsletter which can be opened and read in a very short time. After reading it you have everything you need to know about the club’s issues. This gives it a better chance of being read than most.

Mark, you have my admiration for a job very well done. I wish you and the Long Island Bottle Association a very strong and happy future.

Greater Buffalo Bottle Club I want to encourage all of you to support your local bottle shows.

The Buffalo club has a new and excellent location for this year’s show that is just perfect, very accessible, easy to find and should offer a good result. We all remember this show for the excellent hospitality offered to dealers. Good luck to Peter and his gang.

SEPTEMBER 30 - DEPEW, NEW YORK The Greater Buffalo Bottle Collectors Association Annual Bottles, Antiques, Postcards Show (Sun. 10 AM - 3 PM, Adm. $2) at NEW LOCATION, Polish Falcons Hall, 445 Columbia Ave. (off Transit Rd.), Depew, New York. Sales Tables $20. INFO: ED POTTER, Dealer Chairman, PH: (716) 6748890 or PETER JABLONSKI, PH: (716) 4407985, E-mail: PeterJablonski@adelphia.net.

GVBCA, Rochester, New York The GVBCA is pleased to announce the return of the Antique Show next year. The Bottle Show will be in Minnet Hall and next door at the dome will be an Antique Show.

Both shows will be operating on the same schedule. There are no early buyers for either show. The two shows operating next to each other have always been very exciting for all who attend. Anyone who attended last year’s show knows first hand of the great improvements made to Minnet Hall.

This year they are working on the other side.

A brand new building which will serve as Antique Bottle Club of Northern Illinois Dorothy Furman (newsletter Editor) of the ABCNI submitted her club’s March and April newsletters.

If you are interested in joining the ABCNI, you can contact Greg Schueneman (Treasurer), 270 Stanley Avenue, Waukegan, IL 60085.

At the March ABCNI meeting, Ron Neumann Jr. gave a talk on Waukegan Sodas. He displayed a Star Bottling (with embossed star) from the period of 1904 to 1907; a Beasley’s Brewing Co.; a Henry Wertz from the 1920s to 1930s; a Glen Rock crown top from the 1870s; a Glen Rock ACL from

Midwest Regional News Joe Coulson 10515 Collingswood Lane Fishers, Indiana 46038 (317) 915-0665 jcoulson@leaderjar.com Spring has sprung!

It’s time again to visit garage sales and flea markets for those special finds, and the ground is softening up for all you privy diggers!

Let’s see what has been going on lately in the Midwest clubs…

I would be happy to send anyone who is interested a copy of The Glory Hole. You may contact me through the FOHBC web site.

Bottles and Extras the entrance is currently under construction.

This building connects Minnet Hall to the Dome Arena. It has handicapped rest rooms and access to both facilities. The GVBCA really hopes to take collecting to a new level.

The improved facility will definitely aid them this goal.

ESBCA, Syracuse New York ESBCA once again had a spectacular show. The turnout was unbelievable. John and Carol Spellman and their people really did a great job, but they always do. For those who do not remember what happened last year, the show site was changed weeks before this event was to take place because the site they had reserved suffered a roof collapse due to heavy snowfall. Last year after all their trials and tribulations they had their best show ever. This year they did even better.

Utica, New York This year’s show was at a new location and what a good one. This is such a fun place. It was held at the Whitesboro Curling Club with easy access, plenty of parking and the best lighting of any bottle show I have ever attended. It is set up similar to a hockey rink. The second floor has a restaurant and offers a dining area behind glass so you can view the floor. It was a lot of fun to have dinner on the second floor and watch your sales table at the same time.

The food was excellent and everyone had such a good time. Don’t miss this one next year.

My best, Larry

the 1950s; a Beasley crown Waukegan Beer and a squat amber ale; a Dolan and Brocker amber crown from the early 1900s and a hard to find Glen Flora Spring embossed with the GF logo.

At the April club meeting, Mark Wolf had a really great item for Show and Tell.

Although not bottle-related, it was a spectacular find. While on a bottle diving trip in South Carolina on the Cooper River with fellow member Jim Koutsoures, Mark came up with a prehistoric relic – namely a Megladon Shark’s Tooth! Pete Peterson gave a talk on fruit jars at the April meeting.

He presented an 1880s Hemingray Globe; a Safety; an amber and cornflower blue Lightning; a Magic Star Fruit Jar in amber; a

Bottles and Extras Flaccus in milkglass; a Puritan in light green; a Leader in light and dark amber; a midget pint Crystal in light purple; a green Atlas Mason; a Cohansey; a Hero Glass Works and a Canton Domestic. All jars had their original closures.

Findlay Antique Bottle Club Tom Brown (newsletter editor) of the FABC reprinted several interesting articles in his April newsletter (Whittle Marks). The first was titled “Michael Owens to be inducted into Inventors Hall of Fame,” from The Blade (newspaper), Toledo, Ohio, April 4, 2007.

“Toledoan Michael J. Owens, who invented the automatic bottle-blowing machine more than a century ago, will be posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame next month. The hall in Akron announced yesterday that Mr. Owens, who died in 1923, will be among 41 historically significant inventors inducted May 4. Mr. Owens’ name was on 49 patents, which included machinery for making sheet glass and for making light bulbs. But his bottle-blowing machine revolutionized the glasscontainer industry and is credited for eliminating child labor in the industry.

He is the ‘Owens’ in the Fortune 500 firms Owens-Illinois Inc. and Owens Corning, and the former Libbey-OwensFord Co. that is now part of Pilkington PLC, as well as in Owens Community College.”

The other reprinted articles in the April newsletter included “High-tech O-I plant near beer” (the Colorado plant is located next to Anheuser-Busch, Inc. and supplies them more than 1 billion bottles a year!), and an article from “The Milk Route” concerning fake and reproduction milk bottles.

The April newsletter also contained a wonderfully researched article, “Glass Pioneer Worked in Findlay,” by club member Shirlee MacDonald. “During the late 1800s, one of the many factories to locate [in Findlay] was The Richardson Glass Factory, a branch of the W. L. Libbey & Co. of Toledo, Ohio. Michael J. Owens was factory manager of The Richardson Glass Factory the entire time it was in Findlay.”

To find out more about their monthly newsletter, “Whittle Marks,” send a note to: Findlay Antique Bottle Club, P.O. Box 1329, Findlay, OH 45839.

July-August 2007 Iowa Antique Bottleers Mark Wiseman (newsletter editor) does a very nice job each month reporting the IAB happenings. The club meets at the Grundy County Heritage Center located at 204 Fourth Street in Morrison, Iowa.

It was reported in the March IAB newsletter that The Red Wing Collectors Society Inc. held their Mid Winter Meeting in Des Moines over the weekend of February 9th and 10th. “The educational sessions on Saturday included a presentation by Steve Showers on the recent dump digging at the Red Wing Dump. Steve Showers and Dennis Nygaard have been digging in the dump for many years. Steve and his wife brought a whole table of items to tell about.

Steve showed some Kiln furniture, or spacers, and how they were used to separate the pieces in the kiln. He showed some shards with damage from kiln accidents when pieces fell over inside the kiln and spacers stuck to the sides of jugs taking chunks with them when they were removed. Steve recounted how the dump is full of snakes – they hibernate there in the winter, down in the crocks – with the water level down about five to eight feet from the surface it makes the perfect winter home for the snakes. There is a rumor of a big 25 gallon crock of discarded mini-jugs from the old pottery workers that keeps a mysterious hope alive while digging there. After the show and sale on Saturday they have a big auction. The highlight this year was a Red Wing art piece with several cow and calf figures that went for $13,000. It got real quiet.”

The theme at the April meeting was Northern Iowa Bottles. Club members brought many shown and tell items. Mike Burggraaf had an interesting selection of paper label medicines from the northern portions of the state. Percy Poulin brought shards from multiple “Barrell’s Indian Liniment” bottles from a recent dig in Homer, Iowa. Kevin Williams brought several items, including ones that he’d recently dug. Don Faas brought items he had collected on his trip to Florida, including many painted label sodas. Mark Wiseman brought three Hutch sodas, and a rare but damaged beer bottle from recent digging in St. Joseph. The beer is embossed “Dumke & Hund, St. Joe, Mo.” Everyone thanked Kevin Williams for setting up a wonderful meeting.

The IAB newsletters always contain wonderful digging stories by Wiseman. He has a regular column, “The Digger’s Scoop,” that tells of his local digging adventures with

7 Elsie (the Pup), the old brown truck and various digging friends that join him. In fact, there were seven pages in the March newsletter that came from Mark’s Digging Journal.

You can find out more about IAB membership or info on sales tables for their July Show from Tom Southard, 2815 Druid Hill, Des Moines, IA 50315.

Kalamazoo Antique Bottle Club The KABC had a good show and tell session at their April meeting. Allan Holden tells us the following: “Mike Hade showed some great bottles, including a very nice flask called ‘Summer & Winter.’ On the summer side it featured a big oak tree full of leaves and a large bird perched in its branches. You probably guessed it, the winter side featured the same tree, yet it was bare of leaves. If I had designed the flask, the winter tree would have been missing the bird. Because he made no effort to fly south, he must be one of those dodo birds that hang out at [club member] Chuck Parker’s bird feeder! Chuck and Scott found a bottle from west Kalamazoo. It is a rare dairy bottle from the Earl Anderson Farm Dairy. Chuck displayed a rare Craig’s Kidney and Liver Cure. Yes, the bottle shape looked familiar because it was the forerunner of the popular Warner’s Safe Cure!

“Tim Hayes showed us a very early 1800s amber flask with a screw cap and ground lip. Mark Churchill had been digging recently and just to show us how close he came to being rich, and more famous, he brought in the broken fragments of several beautiful colored bottles! That shows us why the bottles that are worth thousands are worth thousands! Because most of them are broken!

“John Pastor showed some super bottles. One of the bottles had a very special meaning to him. He and his father were digging many years back and it happened to be Easter. John’s Dad dug a milkglass salt shaker in super nice condition.

It is a very early piece, and it is decorated with playful bunnies! Maybe these were the Easter bunnies.”

Midwest Antique Fruit Jar & Bottle Club The February issue of the Midwest Glass Chatter (the newsletter of the MAFJBC) contained a research article on “The Thompson Contract” by club member Louis Ebert. The Thompson Bottle Company (which merged with Illinois Glass Company in 1913) was located in Gas City,

8 Indiana. A copy of the original Land Contract was included with the article showing the interesting details of that time period.

The club’s March meeting program was titled “Modern History of Home Canning Jars,” and was presented by Dick Cole, curator of Business & Industrial History at Minnetrista in Muncie, Indiana. Modern glass companies have undergone many ownership changes and consolidations.

Jarden Home Brands (a division of Jarden Corp.) is the exclusive licensee of the Kerr and Ball brands for canning jars and related items (www.jardenhomebrands.com). Dick was also kind enough to help identify the plant codes on modern Ball jars that club members brought to the meeting.

At the April meeting, Louis Ebert mentioned a new glass book that is available. The book is titled “Shield F Federal Glass Company 1900 – 1979,” copyright 2006, by Marg Iwen. This book also covers the predecessors to the Federal Glass Company.

The program for the club’s April meeting was “Parable of the Jars,” presented by Rev. Phil Robinson. Phil gave an entertaining and thought provoking presentation. He illustrated his religious stories through some of the fruit jars that he has collected over the years. Each jar represented a particular point of Christian faith or a humorous anecdote to make you think. Examples included: A SUN (representing Jesus as the Son of God); Midget pint Mason’s Patent (one of God’s “little” children); a range of seven different sizes of the Ball Perfect Mason (representing a church-going family – papa, mama, big brother, sis, down to the baby); and VICTORY (victory in Jesus). Phil also loves to tell jokes. He brought an ELECTRIC FRUIT JAR, and told us that he had not yet figured out how to plug it in!

The MAFJBC has a website: www.fruitjar.org. Meeting and membership details, as well as lots of pictures from their semi-annual shows, can be found there.

Minnesota’s First Antique Bottle Club Gwen Seeley (newsletter editor) and Barbara Robertus (co-editor) do a very nice job each month with their newsletter, “The Bottle Digger’s Dope.” There are always plenty of pictures. The March newsletter showed pictures of fruit jars with shamrocks on them (St. Patrick’s Day theme!). There were also pictures of Dick McChesney’s Jumbo brand items, including a very large 60-ounce bottle and accompanying

July-August 2007 advertising sign.

Their April newsletter had lots of great photos of the club’s recent annual show and sale. The included the following review: “Sunday morning did arrive early as it always does. Fran Rutherford was the earliest bird helping Gwen at the door. There had been a lull at the door before 9 a.m., but within 15 minutes there was such a rush.

Something we always want to see.

“There were so many wonderful bottles for sale and many faces that we see each year were back with their usual excitement.

Dealers seemed happy as the day went on, such fun talking to all – just like old times visiting with Bob Barr. His daughter with her husband and child attended – remember when that daughter was a baby – we do go back a long time. The friendships made from bottle collecting are long lasting, just the way we want them to be. Douglas Shilson – well what do we say about his dedication to this show and the many past shows. He’s always one year ahead, and has already checked on dates for 2008.”

Membership in the MFABC is $10/yr. For more information, please contact Linda Sandell, 7735 Silver Lake Road #208, Moundsview, MN 55112.

Ohio Bottle Club Phyllis Koch (editor) and Donna Gray (secretary) always do a very nice job with The Ohio Swirl, the OBC’s newsletter.

The program for the club’s February meeting was “Mount Eaton Pottery,” presented by Paul Locher and introduced

by Adam Koch. Adam said that Paul is one of the most historically-minded persons you could ever meet. Paul is an enthusiastic collector, interested in preserving all kinds of objects, large and small. He wrote “The Late, Great S. Routsen and His Pottery,” a book about a potter from Doylestown, Ohio, in the 1830s, who had the first pottery operation west of the Allegheny Mountains.

Paul’s latest book is “Pottery on the Mount.”

“Paul brought samples of Mount Eaton pottery. Mount Eaton Pottery was a oneman operation, namely Frank Foster. The Foster family owned a farm about eight miles from Dalton Pottery. A certain area of the Foster farm had blue clay, which when fired, turned buff. Frank Foster used this clay to make utilitarian pieces such as apple butter jars, flower pots, canning jars, jugs of all sizes, and beehives.”

The program for the OBC’s March meeting was “The U.S. Stoneware Company,” presented by Don Dzuro. “Very

Bottles and Extras little is written about this company. It is one of many early stoneware companies of Ohio, which is rich in clay. The U.S. Stoneware Company was located on Annadale Avenue in Akron, 1859 – 1930. In 1930 the business moved to the southeast corner of Tallmadge Circle, Tallmadge, Ohio – it went out of business in 1966. U.S. Stoneware made sewer tiles, bricks, insulators, and crocks.

Don showed some bricks which he found over the years, as well as a 10-gallon crock.

Don said that the Tallmadge Circle has a good collection of U.S. Stoneware.”

The March newsletter had a nice article, “The Return of the South Park 1000+ Year Old Indian Village Site,” by Ralph Bowman.

The April newsletter had another article by Ralph, “Searching for That Pot of Gold,” as well as an article titled “101 Years of Fulton Whiskey,” by Jack Sullivan.

For more information on joining the OBC, please contact Berny Baldwin (treasurer), 1931 Thorpe Circle, Brunswick, OH 44212.

Wabash Valley Antique Bottle & Pottery Club The WVABPC elected their new officers for 2007, with Peggy Zimmer as their new President. The February edition of the The Wabash Cannonball gave a brief review of the Kalamazoo, Michigan bottle show: “The 28th annual Kalamazoo bottlw show was held on April 7th. Over 60 people were waiting in line for the 10 a.m. general admission. Total attendance was estimated to have been over 300. A wide variety of bottles were present on 94 sales tables. Over 2 inches of snow the night before did not seem to slow things down any.”

Peggy reported that club member Colonel John Newman is going to be an auctioneer at the National Bottle Show in Collinsville, Illinois. Ned Pennington, also a club member, will be a contact person for this show.

Club dues are $10/yr. For more information, please contact Gary Zimmer (treasurer), 10655 Atherton Rd., Rosedale, IN 47874.

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007 25 coats of paint on top of it. The layers were carefully removed in 1989 until the 19th century sign was revealed.

The Groundhog Gazette, newsletter of The State of Franklin (Tenn.) Antique Bottle & Collectibles Association, in its March issue, reported that Mountain Dew was the topic for the club’s February meeting. Member Carl Bailey brought some of his collection to show the different sizes of Mountain Dew bottles.

Some of them have names of the people who bottled them and Carl has one that was bottled by Debbie Bailey! That is his wife’s name – strictly a coincidence, he says.

Member Harold Carlton brought more “name bottles,” including one bottled by Harold and Gene. More coincidence.

Editor Melissa Milner credited Dr. Douglas Arbittier, M.D., of Watertown, N.Y., for allowing her to use information from his web site (Medical Antiques.com) about Civil War medicine bottles.

Her April issue featured Show and Tell items shown and told about during the club’s March meeting, including an amber Tenn Cola from member Paul Ward, an amber 7-Up dug by member Gerry Brown, Geff Moore’s clear McFarland & Co., Druggist from Johnson City, Tenn., a pontiled cornflower blue jar from Mrs. Milner and a dark olive green Dutch onion from her husband, Fred.

Those of us who attended the 34th annual South Carolina Bottle Club Show in Columbia last February are still waxing enthusiastic about it. Club president Marty Vollmer was no less excited about the Baltimore Bottle Club show he attended two weeks later.

“More than 1,500 people came through the doors on the second day, a Saturday, making it the largest one-day bottle show in the world!” he reported in his April newsletter.

His club has changed its meeting day from Thursdays to the third Tuesday of each month at 7 p.m., at the nearby Cayce Museum. If you’re going to be in the Columbia area on that day, check beforehand with Marty to be sure a meeting has been set. His e-mail address is martyvollmer@aol.com.

Members of the Oklahoma Territory Bottle & Relic Club are darned lucky to have Johnnie Fletcher as president and editor of its newsletter, Oklahoma Territory News.

Southern Regional News Bill Baab 2352 Devere Street Augusta, GA 30904 (706) 736-8097 riverswamper@comcast.net Since taking over as editor of the Raleigh (N.C.) Bottle Club’s Bottle Talk, Marshall Clements has done a commendable job in publishing a colorful, informative and entertaining newsletter.

His March issue is no exception. And future issues will contain a cartoon feature called “The Blobtops.” The cartoonist is none other than the talented Clements.

Nineteen color photos, of which seven complement the main feature about club member Vernon Creech, helped brighten the March issue’s contents and made it easy for readers to focus on what the club is all about — antique bottles, particularly those related to North Carolina.

Row upon row upon row (and then some) of sodas and signs, coffee tins and fruit jars and milk bottles – that’s the collection of Vernon Creech. It has grown, Clements said, to more than 10,000 items.

Also featured was member David Bunn’s Mountain Dew bottle collection, while the Recent Finds Dept., featured an early 1900s back bar bottle, a 3-quart-sized clear poison and an emerald green Pepsi-Cola bottle (WINS12 in James Ayers’ book).

Clements always ends his newsletter with a Blast from the Past photo – this one an early Coca-Cola sign on the wall of the Salemburg, N.C. Grill.

A believer in a picture is worth a thousand words, Clements inserted 13 color photos in his April issue. A 14th image was that of “Preacher Mary Blobtop,” Clements’ cartoon creation. She says: “Ye Must Be Dug Again,” the passage from Bottles 1:1!

Clements does have a problem: club members are offering little or no help to his appeal for story ideas. They’re proud of their collections, but they need to learn to share them and their knowledge with other collectors through the newsletter.

This issue’s “Blast from the Past” photo is that of the wall of the Young Brothers Pharmacy in Cartersville in northwest Georgia. Established in 1881, the drug store’s claim to fame is that wall was the first in the nation to have a Coca-Cola sign painted on it (in 1894). The original sign had

9 Main reason is after many years, Fletcher remains as enthusiastic about the hobby and as excited about new finds as he ever was.

His newsletters reflect his editing skills.

He carries a bit of caveat emptor (let the buyer beware) in the April issue of his newsletter.

An acid-etched milk bottle, reportedly from the famous 101 Ranch, sold on eBay for $95.51. A collector of 101 Ranch memorabilia says the ranch never operated a dairy. “I would suggest that you be very suspicious before buying any acid-etched bottle from Oklahoma,” Fletcher said. “I believe that someone has been taking old bottles and crock jugs and adding the etchings and stencils to them.”

Fletcher is astounded at the prices some Oklahoma Coca-Cola bottles are bringing on eBay. A 1915 Coke from Poteau brought $860.99, while a straight-sided Coke from Enid netted $811.99. “I can remember that it wasn’t very many years ago when you could buy just about any hobbleskirt Coke bottle for a few dollars. Now look at them,” he declared.

As usual, Fletcher featured digging stories in this issue, including his own “Digging the Monster Pit.” The adventure took place in St. Joseph, Mo., one of his favorite digging areas. Readers must remember that Fletcher and his friends always get permission from property owners before digging and often share their finds with those owners.

He was joined by Ed Stewart, one of his regular digging buddies. Fletcher had probed what proved to be a round wood-lined pit about three feet across and seven feet deep.

They opened it up and excavated some fairly common bottles, including what Stewart believed to be a Warner’s Safe Cure. It wasn’t. The embossing read: WARNER’S SAFE DIABETES CURE, a much rarer member of the Rochester, N.Y., medicines.

Stewart had found a brick liner on the back of a lot that had been occupied (in 1888) by a hotel. The oval-shaped pit appeared to be 12 or 13 feet in depth.

The pit was filled with bricks and large chunks of concrete and the pair had reached an early 1900s level. A St. Joseph (Mo.) Brewing Co., bottle with a strange top and another bottle embossed Simon Binswanger & Bro., W.L. Co., St. Joseph, Mo., had been among the early finds.

Other digging buddies, Dan Moser and Richard Carr, joined the pair the next day.

10

July-August 2007

Just past the eight-foot level, bottles began appearing, including a dozen, emerald green Pepsin Bitters (only one was not broken), a Lash’s Kidney and Liver Bitters, a rare St. Joseph drug store (McEvoy Drug Store, 2414 South Sixth Street) and three others (Jno. W. Koch’s Patee Park Pharmacy, a J.W. Dohrer Elk Drug Store, 6th & Hickory St., and an L.P. Currin & Co., Pharmacissts, 2414 S. 6th St).

Twelve feet down, they struck water and that, as they say, was that.

Johnnie also published a great photo of Mark Wiseman and Elsie the Pup, famous for Digging Iowa stories. This Southern Region editor is privileged to receive the newsletter Mark edits for The Iowa Antique Bottleers. I used to correspond with (the late) Katie Foglesong, one of that club’s most active members. When I spoke on the phone to her, I’d say, “Katie: Sing me a Foglesong!”

In his May issue, Fletcher carried some comments from his friend, Ed Stewart, that this regional editor thinks appropriate: “It occurred to me how very fortunate I am to dig with such a great group of guys,” Stewart writes. “From time to time, I hear stories of diggers who are so greedy and so concerned with the monetary value of their finds that they are secretive about where they dig, are very exclusive on who gets to join them, and fight over their finds.

Hopefully, these stories aren’t really true.

The people I dig with are just the opposite.

On multiple occasions, Mark Wiseman (with Elsie the Pup) has invited me to dig up in Iowa where I have dug with people who have never met me before. I was treated like an old digging buddy and taken to the best spots that these guys knew of. Johnnie Fletcher and Kenny Burbrink have invited me to dig all over Kansas with them. On many occasions, Dan Moser has given us leads on places to dig in his hometown of St. Joseph, Missouri, even when he was unable to join us. I have invited people along

with me multiple times and the rest of the diggers always welcomed them. In a word, these guys are generous.

“At the end of the day, the bottles are split evenly among all diggers, with some available to the (property) owner. There isn’t any arguing or whining. Naturally there is disappointment when there aren’t as many good finds as diggers, but everyone is always a good sport. And even during the picks, I continue to see acts of generosity.

A better bottle is passed up because the digger already has it and knows somebody else doesn’t. When Jerry Callison (from Oklahoma) and Mark are digging in Kansas, they check to see if the Kansas collectors have a local bottle before they pick it. I reciprocate when I am digging outside Kansas. For us, digging is about friendship and camaraderie, not about cash. We talk bottles, we tell stories and kid each other, (especially if one happens to wear a distinctive digging hat or accidentally breaks a bottle). Even if little or nothing is found, the day is still a success. Don’t get me wrong, either. We have found some very valuable bottles in the last couple of years.

And we get excited and shout ‘Woo-hoo!’ when we dig a nice one. But great finds are not really the goal. They are just the icing on the cake, The true rewards that come from digging are the friends we make and the fun we have together, not the cash value of the bottles we dig. I feel sorry for anyone who can’t see this.”

Bill Marks, who edits The Diggers Dispatch of the M-T Bottle Collectors Association of DeLand, Fla., reports the club’s show was so successful it finished in the black. Show chairman Maureen Pallasch reported the show had 84 sales tables and three display tables. Bill downloaded 24 black-and-white photos showing some of the folks at the show, including the FOHBC’s current president, Carl Sturm of Longwood, Fla., and his son, Tim. Bill also showed a 25-cent bank note

MT Bottle Show - Photos

Pickle Jars display by Mike & Betty Jordan, Ocala, Fla. - awarded FOHBC Most Educational Display ribbon.

Bottles and Extras from The City Bank of Augusta, Ga., dated Jan. 1, 1863. The words Confederate Treasury were typed in as the payer.

The Horse Creek Antique Bottle Club, now meeting at the Langley (S.C.) Community Center on the third Monday of each month at 7 p.m., was privileged to hear Elliott Levy, executive director of the Aiken County (S.C.) Historical Museum at its March meeting.

As reported in the April issue of the club newsletter, Probe & Plunder, Levy’s main topic was Moses Bottles, the figurals made famous by Maine’s famed Poland Springs.

(Levy had moved from Maine to Aiken, S.C., to take the director’s job).

“As the Bible says, Moses struck a rock and water poured from the fissure,” he said.

“Hiram Ricker and his family discovered the spring in 1876 and since the water was coming out of a rock, decided to bottle the water commercially in the distinctive Moses bottles.”

Levy owns an original bottle with an applied top and examples in green, dark amber, light amber and clear glass, along with labeled examples and reproductions. All had proven popular with the public, he said, “and almost no one threw them away.”

His talk was amusing and educational.

The May meeting was taken up by a book signing by this editor, author of “Augusta on Glass,” self-publication of which caps 35 years of research. The book contains historical facts about the Augusta Brewing Company, River Swamp Chill & Fever Cure (an excellent image of which adorns the cover, thanks to Jim Hagenbuch, publisher of Antique Bottle & Glass Collector), Dr. W.H. Tutt and other patent medicine men and bottlers. In fact, had it not been for Bottles & Extras Editor Kathy Hopson-Sathe’s friendship and computer skills, it’s doubtful the book would ever have seen the light of day.

Left: Whiskey Milk Glass & Figural awarded MT Bottle Club’s Most Unique Display plaque. Paul Connly, Lochloosa, Fla.

Right: Whiskey Whimsies awarded MT Bottle Club’s Best Display plaque.

Emory & Joann Sapp, Deltona, Fla.

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

11

Sue Milan (L) of Tampa holding winnings of show’s drawing presented by Show Chairwoman, Maureen Pallasch (R), DuBary, Fla. MT Editor?Treasurer, Bill Marks.

Tim Sturm (L) with his father, FOHBC President, Carl Sturm, at their tables.

on for club happenings.

The first topic of the Meeting Minutes of April 13, 2007 is covering your upcoming June 22-23 Aurora show. From what we read, the effort your club puts into this event should make this show a winner, for sure.

Your new O.B.C.A club badges are ready in time to be worn at your June show. Kudos to Bill and Gary Johnston for this feat.

The figurals theme for your April meeting really brought out an abundance of nice specimens. I collect inks so I have to mention Julie Dennis first with her 1914 patent Ma and Pa Carter’s inks. Julie and I have had conversations, at various shows, regarding our never-ending passion. I can just visualize Rod’s amethyst bear reading a book figural bottle. Another remarkable sounding bottle is Pete’s amethyst matador figural. I’m impressed with Bill’s grandmother or great grandmother’s figural Alleweil Fidel faces blue ceramic nipper. On and on the evening went with so many wonderful selections from club members.

Hang onto any items from relatives.

Sentimental values for family items outweigh any sort of other value you might place upon them.

Lastly, Ken and I were impressed with the article, Charles Frank IN THE HORN SALOON The Dalles, Oregon by member Garth Ziegenhagen [which will also appear in an upcoming issue of Bottles and Extras].

Of further interest is the fact that the author, as well as Jim and Julie Dennis, have some of these steins in their collection. While not familiar with Pete Dennis, we assume he has to be Jim’s kinfolk.

By the time this issue of Bottles and Extras hits the streets your club will have

Western Regional News Ken Lawler & “Dar” 6677 Oak Forest Drive Oak Park, CA 91377 (818) 889-5451 kenlawler@roadrunner.com Well, summer has come to West L.A., burning as usual. Griffith Park, in the center of L.A., is burning at the moment. Hope the fire doesn’t get to the newly-refurbished Griffith Observatory. Pretty hot weather to dig in, but we would certainly subject our bodies to abuse of this sort. Unfortunately, dig sites in our area are practically nonexistent as of now. Perhaps some of the local politicians will stay home for a while and dream up some plans for “urban renewal.”

That should open up some old dirt to play in. This is enough whining and sniveling for now. On to people and clubs that are actually doing something.

Oregon Bottle Collectors Association – The Stumptown Report Bill Bogynska, alias “the fish killer,” sent his club’s latest newsletter. The first thing noticed was that Bill has his name all over the Report. He is Secretary/Treasurer/Editor, plus we spotted his name associated with the upcoming Aurora show. He sounds like the proverbial guy with his fingers in every pie. Also we noticed Bill’s thank you note, on behalf of the O.B.C.A., published in the May-June 2007 issue of Bottles and Extras.

Ambition runs high in the club with Scott Slowter holding down the fort with being Vice President and Librarian. President Mark, you must have your hands full with these two. All is said in good fun, you guys! Read

had its show. We wish you plentiful sales!

Golden Gate Historical Bottle Society - The Corker It’s show time, again. The GGHBS will be putting on their 41st Annual Show at the Solano Fairgrounds in Vallejo at the end of April. President Gary Antone is asking for assistance in setting up tables and chairs in McCormack Hall and getting the place ship shape prior to the dealers’ arrival. Hope they have a good show.

Club members Doug and Carol Tokes offered to host the next club meeting at their house. It’s really nice that members are willing to have the club over. It’s probably a good chance to show off their collection and do a little bragging, too.

The above paragraphs of news is what Ken determined by reading your April 2007 newsletter. Since that time we have attended your show. I think you guys said that you had 64 tables set up. We introduced ourselves to a couple of busy people inside the McCormack Hall the afternoon prior to the show. This is when we first met Darla and Gary Antone. Gary and I had exchanged emails prior to that. Ken thought it would be cool if we “tipped off” the Antones’ prior to our arrival in town. We got to meet club Vice President Rick Lindgren, whom we previously noticed selling down at the Morro Bay show. We felt that your show held a great variety of items for sale from whiskeys to bitters and beyond. The show was a great place to see some familiar faces and meet some new ones. Gary and Darla, we will send you a copy of our newsletter, The Whittlemark. We wrote an article on your show, accompanied by some of the pictures we took. It seemed to us that your hard work really paid off. Your show came

12 off as one big successful endeavor.

Forty Niner Historical Bottle Association Bottle Bug Briefs We ran into a fellow at the Vallejo show that we recognized and when we started talking to him we found out that we were talking to Steve Abbott, Show Chairman for this club. During our conversation we told Steve that we had mailed an introductory letter to a Sacramento address, but really didn’t have any further contact. Steve told us to go down to the end of the show hall and talk to a George Wagoner. We learned that George will be the Secretary-Newsletter Editor starting June 1, 2007. We gave George and his wife our name and address to be added to their mailing list. We were very happy to see the arrival of your newsletter.

Now, let’s see what’s in your newsletter.

In your April 25, 2007 issue, the first thing we noticed was the name of the person who was scheduled to put on a program. Willy Young, President of the Reno Bottle Club, had been overseas making some acquisitions and upon his return was going to talk about glass fire grenades. It sure is rewarding to learn that someone from one club is supporting another club by putting on a program. We look forward to seeing your next newsletter to find out what Willy had to say.

The raffle bottles listed in this issue are outstanding. “RAFFLE BOTTLES: McMillan & Kester Essence of Jamaica Ginger, S. F. aqua bottle, aqua cathedral Peppersauce, open pontil black glass snuff, graphite pontiled ladies leg black glass.”

The minutes from your March meeting mention that Ken Edwards as a visitor. Ken had a very impressive collection of bottles on his tables at the recent show in Vallejo.

Special thanks, Steve, for getting us hooked up with your club!

New Mexico Historical Bottle Society We welcome your newsletter. As promised, Jerry, we will only comment on the articles that appear in your newsletters.

We will not go beyond commenting. It is entirely evident, as you have mentioned over the phone, that extensive research is done before any given article is included in any issue of your newsletters. So with that respectful approach, we shall continue on.

We appreciate seeing the colorful pictures that appear in this newsletter. You have mentioned that you preferred “quality to quantity” when it comes to your newsletter.

Being especially addicted to digging, those

July-August 2007 pictures of people trekking across a field toting shovels over their shoulders looked mighty familiar to Ken and I. We are used to that kind of hot, dry, environs ourselves and are tickled to find some kind of buried treasure beneath the surface, as well. That N.M. license plate, with a 1922 brass tag, was a nice find.

Mike Dickman’s Reno Show report was interesting to read. It reflected an informative history on the arrangements of previous shows and news of the upcoming 2007 show. He’s right, there were lots of antique glass bottles to examine. Trying to keep to budget goes out the window at one of these affairs. Mike is so accurate when he writes, “Where else can you find so many fellow fanatics stuffed into one room, all eager to discuss endlessly our favorite topic?” This is so true. Ever look at the face of a “regular” person who has asked you what your hobby is? You dig for what? You collect old bottles that have been in the “dirt” for hopefully at least 100 years!

Comments on the December 9, 2006 presentation by Michael Miller will be forthcoming in a future column.

Las Vegas Antique Bottles and Collectibles Club - The Punkin Seed Looks like the Vegas bunch is getting ready for next year’s show. Show Chair Person Jim Sharbough is looking for volunteers to help plan their annual collectibles show. Jim gave the show report and said the club did not do as well as in previous years. He has contacted the Union Plaza Hotel about a venue for the 2008 show, but has not heard back from them. The Union Plaza is under new management, so they may try to put the squeeze on the LVABCC for higher rent.

Jim handed out copies of the proposed 2008 club budget that was prepared at their board meeting in February. The budget is based on not having a show in 2008. Ouch, that hurts. Something like Santa going on vacation at Christmas. Jim says there may not be a show in 2008, but that they need to have one in 2009.

The new budget is bare bones and only contains things essential for the club to exist. It eliminates non-essential items like bus trips and charitable donations. Vice President Carey Burke asked members to suggest activities other than bus trips that the club members could do together.

On a lighter note, Buck Wright did a program on the history of Nevada transportation licensing and displayed

Bottles and Extras Nevada licenses from his collection. Buck showed his first license, for his own bicycle, issued in 1954. His oldest license plate is for a wagon from Goldfield in 1907.

Reno Antique Bottle Club - digger’s dirt Under the write-up for the Forty Niner Historical Bottle Association is mention of this club’s President, Willy Young. Show Chairman, Steve Abbott from the Forty Niner had arranged for Willy to do a program on glass fire grenades. It sounds like the timing of an overseas trip for Willy worked out so that upon his return he could stop by the Forty Niner meeting and do a program.

This kind of news is great to report for both clubs.

More good deeds have taken place according to the reporting going on in the “digger’s dirt”. A donation was given to the National Bottle Museum. The club received a thank you note from Jan Rutland, Director of the Museum. The Ken and Dar duo attended a bottle show in Saratoga Springs a couple of years ago. While there we visited the museum in Ballston Spa. If any of you get a chance to go back that way, don’t miss the visit. You will also be treated to a nearby live glass blowing demonstration.

You’ve got to admire Loren Love. You also have to follow his example (within reason, of course). We read that Loren displayed his “dumpster digging” results.

These results came about after a four-hour sifting process. Loren had these great finds to show off at the club meeting. He found old Reno posters, advertising and motel keys among other items important to collecting. It pays to ride around and keep your eyes open for boarded up buildings.

Your “Digging News” sounds pretty much like our club’s digging news. As you report, digging is slow. This is when the other passion kicks in. You get out your metal detectors and go snooping around.

Sounds like some of your members were well satisfied with their token finds.

Very interesting update on the Kanes Cafe Flask, found by Ken Jeter, that we reported on in the May-June 2007 issue of Bottles and Extras. With this unexpected windfall, I would think that Ken will purchase a little camper and just blend into the hills above Virginia City for an undetermined period of time.

Ken and I are planning on attending your July 21st show. We will drop in and introduce ourselves to you folks.

Bottles and Extras Antique Bottle Collectors of Colorado Dump Digger’s Gazette I guess the snow is starting to melt in Colorado. The ABCC Board of Directors has put together the 2007 budget. This is not a pleasant job, but a necessary part of maintaining a club’s status. I see a goodly sum of money has been allocated for their show in Leadville on July 28. Barb and Jim Sundquist are making great progress in arranging all the myriad of little details that go into making a great show. Dar and I met them at their show last year and they were most gracious hosts. We are considering attending the show this year, also.

The ABCC Board of Directors has decided to establish an annual award in remembrance of long-time club members, Frank Baxter and John Eatwell. The qualifications for receiving this award include: service to the ABCC, enthusiasm for the hobby, honesty, integrity, ethics and moral principles when dealing with ABCC business. The actual award is a labeled jug upon which each recipient will have his or her name permanently attached. This award is prominently displayed on the cover of the newsletter. The Board of Directors thought it was appropriate for them to hand out the first award. Next year the ABCC membership will nominate candidates, and vote for whom they think should receive this award. It didn’t take the Board long to choose Glen Preble as the first recipient. Glen has been a long-time member of the ABCC, served as President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer. Glen has written two books on Colorado bottles, one of which I purchased at the show last year.

Sounds like the Board picked a winner for the first recipient. This will be a tough act to follow. Congratulations Glen.

Jan Racey delighted ABCC members at the February meeting when he put on a program featuring Colorado milk collectibles.

Jan has been collecting milk and milk-related items for many years. Jan is in the process of writing a book on Colorado Milk Collectibles. Keep on with the book, as this is a great way to save Colorado history.

Phoenix Antique Bottles & Collectibles Club - The A to Z Collector Here is some news from the front page of the April newsletter: “Club Member Downsizes Collection. After all those years of collecting, Brian Grapentine is downsizing his collection, much to a lot of people’s delight. There are many very rare bottles (especially the bitters) going up for auction

July-August 2007

by American Bottle Auctions.” There are supposed to a couple more auctions planned for this year. Get out your checkbooks, because some of his bottles will be pricey.

Betty Hartnett, Lauren Kormylo, Susie Harris and Ray Verr have all worked very hard on putting together a new set of bylaws for the Club. Carol Boshears, Newsletter Editor, included the recommended changes in the April Newsletter. As she says in her notes, “read the proposed changes and then vote on them.”

The next show dates are set for Oct. 12 and 13, 2007. The Club is looking for volunteers to make the upcoming show the best ever.

Mike Miller put on an outstanding program on collecting embossed Valley of the Sun bottles and stoneware. Some highlights of his collection are that his bottles date from 1880 through the 1930s.

The earliest embossed soda is the Phoenix Bottling Works, Phoenix A.T. Hutch. Mike enjoys researching his bottles and learning about the early merchants in Arizona. His collection includes whiskeys, pharmacy bottles, sodas, food, milk and olive oil bottles. It sounds like he has a really neat collection. Keep on looking, Mike.

Los Angeles Historical Bottle Club - The Whittlemark President Pam counted 13 LAHBC members at the Morro Bay Show and all were wearing their club shirts. At the show’s end the San Luis Obispo Antique Bottle Society put on their annual BBQ for the dealers and other guests. This is how Pam explained it in her President’s Message: “After the show, we were invited to stay for their BBQ. Homemade wine was served by Webb Tartaglia, a member of the San Luis Obispo Antique Bottle Society. Ken, Dar, Randy and I were invited to his ‘ranch’ for a wine tasting. We had a tour of his ranch and he showed us the process of his wine making and then we went to his wine cellar for more wine tasting. We had a great time and Webb was a most gracious host.”

The Announcements section in a recent issue of the LAHBC’s newsletter mentions their upcoming annual auction and annual picnic. Ken and I look forward to reporting on these events at a future time.

Recently club member Dave Hall gave an informative program on his Fred Harvey collection. Dave brought in some memorabilia such as match books, seltzer bottles and his 70 pound cast iron “Santa

13 Fe Dining Room FRED HARVEY” sign. From what Dave said it must have been that Fred Harvey became known as, “Mr. Restaurateur.” It seems that he recognized the need for high class dining, in a clean environment and at reasonable rates. He created this dining atmosphere both on and off the San Fe train. Off the train meant a restaurant located near the depot.

Whichever the location, it seems that Fred Harvey’s efforts were aimed at creating a touch of class for the “Wild West.”

Blaine Greenman, LAHBC’s Editor and Webmaster has taken time to volunteer to do programs. He gave a Power Point presentation of a recent metal detecting trip he made to England. He proudly announced that his advantage of “England know how” is due to the fact that he was born there. We think that maybe his metal detecting is a bottle enthusiast’s disguise. Nevertheless, he filled a table with all of his proud finds.

He stated that they probably wouldn’t mean much to a serious collector, but for him the process and whatever he finds with his detector, is fun for him. Blaine is also a promoter of “good will.” He volunteered to answer the call for help to put on a program for the 49er’s Prospector’s Club in Downey, CA. His success with his “bottle collecting” talk was apparent by the many questions he received from the audience. He also had done some research and then he printed handouts to accompany his program.

We will tune in again to see how the auction and picnic turn out!

Washington Bottle Collectors Association - Ghost Town Echo Looks like Jay Marks, Secretary, missed the last meeting as there were no minutes recorded. Prez Neil Smith came through again, and did the minutes from memory. The turn-out was small this time, probably because most everyone was up in Canada taking in the Frasier Valley Bottle show.

Well, the snow has melted, summer is here and the talk is of picnics. I especially like Carmen Johnsen’s idea of a picnic/dig.

Unfortunately, as Neil says, areas big enough for a club dig are scarce, to nonexistent. You need a dump the size of the Leadville, Colorado dump to have enough room for a club dig. It would be nice if Rick and Kim Miller could put on a picnic/sale like the one they did last year. It sounds like it was a real winner.

The search is on! Editor Red Kacalek is seeking information on the artist that designed the artwork for their newsletter

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masthead. Red found a note in a 1991 issue of a GTE newsletter that says “The December 1969 issue mentioned that a friend of Clyde Tatham drew the ghost town building for the newsletter masthead, that we still use…I’ll bet he doesn’t know we are still using his art work.” (Anybody out there know anything about this, if so, please contact the editor at ekacalek@ritzville.com.)

Since the WBCA show falls on the same day as the regular meeting, all the club members will probably be getting together at the fairgrounds in Chehalis for the WBCA & N.W. Insulator Club Spring Show and Sale. Hope the show does well this year.

Also mentioned at the last meeting was the upcoming FOHBC (National) show in Collinsville, Illinois. There is the Montana Bottle Collectors show the week before so maybe one could make a road trip out of all of this. Now if you really want a road trip there is the Reno, Nevada July 21, the Leadville, Colorado show on July 28 and then the Helena, Montana show August 10 and on and on.

Tom that can put on programs to share knowledge and information about other fields of collecting.

The newsletter contained a very informative article entitled “EARLY BOTTLE MANUFACTURING TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY”. It is a really neat article reprinted from the February 2002 National Bottle Museum Newsletter, The Muse.

Speaking of the National Bottle Museum, Jan Rutland, Director of the NBM, sent the club a nice letter stating her appreciation of the club’s newsletter. She was happy to see Tom Knapick’s article on ACLs. She went on to say that the NBM is currently in the process of accessioning one example of each ACL bottle produced by members of the National Soft Drink Association for their International Beverage Industry Expo. I think accessioning means that they are taking over the collection. You know, count, condition, cleaning, cataloging, etc. I don’t know where you are going to put all those bottles, Jan. Your basement overfloweth already.

San Diego Antique Bottle and Collectibles Club - The Bottleneck While taking in the Vegas show in February, Mike Bryant, newsletter editor and Prez Frank Pekarek met up with Dwayne Anthony, Prez of the San Bernardino Club.

As some of you may already know, the San Bernardino Club is in the process of shutting down. Their show in Victorville will be greatly missed. (Seems like all the venues are raising the rent to the point that bottle clubs can’t break even – editor) Frank says that they are hoping to find a site in North County that would be user friendly to the San Diego, San Bernardino, and the L.A. Bottle Clubs.

Jim Walker and Cal Fredricks seem to have done a fantastic job of buying raffle bottles at the Vegas show. Their efforts in picking good bottles brought in a fist full of money for the club treasury. Keep up the good work.

Tom Knapick put on an excellent program on ACL (applied color label) sodas.

Clubs are fortunate to have members like

Montana Bottle Collectors Association More is being learned about how things are going for this club from a telephone conversation with Tom Brackman, club Secretary/Treasurer. Additional information came from the latest notice dated May 10 sent to club members from their President, Bill Henness.

One item up for discussion at their May meeting will be the selection between two areas being considered for their potluck/ picnic and bottle swap. The areas are “Bannack, Montana (Bannack Days) and Fort Benton, Montana (Fort Benton Days).”

Bill further notes that “Both venues are filled with excitement and period history.”

The President’s notice also mentions the club’s August 10 – 11 show in Helena. Also written was the fact that the club and the “Wild West Fest” were going to be joining forces in this year’s activity. However the “Wild West Fest” had to cancel. Something was written indicating the cancellation was due to some kind of medical reasons. Now the Montana club is going to go it on their

Bottles and Extras own. However, determined Bill says “THE SHOW MUST GO ON.” He explains that their bottle show will still be held in Helena as planned.

I had called Tom and left a message a few days ago so that we could touch bases again before Ken and I had to submit our column this week. I didn’t hear from him. I even tried emailing him and that got returned. The next step was to start worrying that something might have happened to him. Tom gets our phone number from his Bottles and Extras and calls us the night before we are going to email our column for publication. What timing. We talk and he tells me that my message had been erased from his answering machine in error. I didn’t want to call again and bug him, so there we both were. Once back in contact, Tom fills me in on the officers of the club. The only one I haven’t mentioned so far is Vice President, Ray Thompson. He is listed in their show ad in Bottles and Extras along with Tom who is Show Reservation Chairman.

Then Tom nonchalantly mentions that a club dig has been arranged. What was that?

You don’t hear that statement very often these days. Tell me more! He said that it is going to be held in a ghost town (1876 vintage) that has over 60 patented mining claims. Tom also mentioned that he learned that the ghost town had been in caretaker hands up until WWII. He feels that is why the town is in such good condition. Tom got permission from the landowner for the dig. The conditions that have been agreed to will be discussed at their May meeting.

Tom also mentioned that he went out to the town and probed some potential dig spots for club members to explore. I understand from Tom, that this ghost town is surrounded on all sides by those familiar-sounding Federal Agencies, the BLM and the United States Forest Service. Be careful, you guys, don’t stick your shovels over the line…

Maybe next time there will be some news on how that dig turned out.

Happy Digging.

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

15

Capstan Tumblers, Jars and Bottles Used by the American Stores Company

By Barry L. Bernas A Snapshoot of Capstan’s History While in business, the Capstan Glass Company called South Connellsville, Pennsylvania its home. This Delaware incorporated glass container maker was formed as a subsidiary of the Anchor Cap & Closure Corporation of Brooklyn and then Long Island City, New York. From April 12th, 1918 (incorporation date) until October 31st, 1928 (capital stock acquired), Capstan Glass was operated in this capacity. Thereafter it became a part of the Anchor Cap Corporation. The same day six years later, the Salem Glass Works of Salem, New Jersey joined the Anchor Cap team as a member of its Container Division which was headed up

by Capstan officials. The combined Capstan-Salem glass making team continued until December 31st, 1937. At the turn of the New Year, both outfits were absorbed into the newly formed Anchor Hocking Glass Corporation, headquartered in Lancaster, Ohio. Container production ensued at the former Capstan plant until February 18th, 1938 when the name Capstan Glass Company passed into history. Thereafter, the South Connellsville factory became the production site for the newly named Anchor Hocking Glass Corporation of Pennsylvania. Officers managed operations at the former Capstan works until September 1938 when corporate heads decided to close this facility. In all, the Capstan Glass Company was a corporation for nineteen years, ten months and six days.1 How the American Stores Company Came About Before the end of World War I, the American Stores Company was formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. But it wasn’t created from scratch in the 1917-1918 timeframe. Its lineage goes even further back to the 1880s and five grocery stores that grew into independent outlets with multiple units each.

The first was Robinson and Crawford.

In the late 1880s or so, two friends emigrated from Ireland to the City of Brotherly Love.

Once in this Commonwealth municipality, Samuel Robinson and Robert Crawford

opened a small neighborhood grocery store (Robinson and Crawford) on Second and Fernon Streets. Their business did so well they started to expand, adding two new stores within a few years of the first one being set up. This expansive trend continued right through the latter part of the 19th Century and the first two decades of the next one.

Like the initial venture, the next grocery store chain grew out of a one store operation which was formed by an Englishman in 1883. In that year, S. Canning Childs started his first business in Camden, New Jersey. About thirty-five years later, he had 268 stores within his group in the Philadelphia and Camden metropolitan areas.

On Germantown Avenue and Oxford Street in Philadelphia, Thomas P. Hunter was another one store owner in 1885.

By the time his organization was absorbed into the American Stores Company, his Acme Tea Company consisted of 433 stores.

In 1888, George M. Dunlap entered the grocery store business. By 1917, this Irishman’s company (George M. Dunlap Company) managed a chain of 122 grocery markets.

The final component of the American Stores Company was initially put together in 1890 by another Irish businessman, James Bell. His Philadelphia operation later merged with another small chain of stores run by John Eagleson. This outfit then acquired 71 stores of the William Butler Company around 1917. At this point, 214 stores comprised the Bell organization.

Here is how the author of the book – Pennsylvania Titan of Industry – described the consolidation of the above concerns and the eventual formation of the American Stores Company. “…These five competing grocery chain organizations had all begun as single stores and developed into large and successful chain store enterprises.

Between them they were operating by World War I some twelve hundred and twenty-three stores. Before the war had ended, the death of several leaders in

the several organizations and other circumstances led to proposals to merge the five competing chains. Out of this came the…American Stores Company…”2 The Confluence of a Glass Container Maker and a Budding Supermarket Chain Both Capstan Glass and American Stores were established at about the same time in the late second decade of the 20th Century; although, the latter concern had much older roots than its novice associate. Over the next two ten year cycles, each one adapted and expanded their separate enterprises.

On one hand, container design and manufacturing, vessel marketing and product distribution at the South Connellsville firm all showed a steady rise.

This upward trend was so positive before the onset of the Great Depression that the Company’s president, G. Fred Rieman, could announce that his operation was the worlds “…largest exclusive manufacturer of commercial packers’ glassware.”3 On the other side of the aisle, the American Stores Company also grew in response to progress in mass production and consumer preferences. In his book Pennsylvania Titan of Industry, Mr. Stevens described this flux in the following manner. “…Suffice it to say that one of the institutions which has developed in modern times as a complement to the recent trends in mass production in the field of manufacturers is the so-called ‘chain’ grocery store. In the ‘supermarkets’ are displayed and sold the multitudinous food products which are the product of the modern food manufacturing industry. The entire process reflects the changes which have taken place in American life in the past few decades. An increasingly large percentage of the population has become dependent upon manufactured foodstuffs…Whatever the choice of the modern housewife may be…it is certain that prepared foods is one of our major manufacturers today. Their sale is a major factor also behind the rise of the

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modern chain ‘supermarket…’”4 Because of these two mutually supportive trends, the single American Stores tree with its five small neighborhood grocery store branches gradually became an orchard of ACME supermarkets.

The glass food packing container served as the interaction point of both concerns.

Let’s see what the Capstan Glass Company provided in the way of product vessels and what the American Stores Company put in them for sale in their East Coast markets.

Prior Capstan Examples In the Fall 2003 edition of Bottles and Extras, I introduced to you two unlabeled, but ASCO5 base-embossed, stylish jars that were made by the Capstan Glass Company.6 Throughout the remainder of this article, I’ll add more information to my earlier effort. In subsequent paragraphs, you will see three plain and two fluted tumblers, another size of a previously documented jar (mentioned as Jar One in the above article) along with a new cylindrical style and two bottle motifs from the same South Connellsville container maker. Each example will have a paper label on it from the American Stores Company.

This assembly of product vessels will start to give you some idea of the amount of business Capstan conducted with American Stores.

How to Tell a Glass Container was made by Capstan?

The trademark is the key. In this case, the United States Patent Office registered the nautical symbol of the Capstan Glass Company on May 31st, 1927.

In the application paperwork, G. Fred Rieman stated that this stylistic logo had been placed on the firm’s ware since May 1919. A little over two years after its issuance, an Anchor Cap Corporation pamphlet indicated “…the ‘capstan’ trade mark (was) pressed in the bottom of each container.”

And as late as February 1938, the symbol for this piece of shipboard equipment was still visible on the base of containers promoted by the Capstan Glass Company in the trade journal The Glass Packer.7 Considering the above facts, I think it’s safe to say that any glass container with

Fig. 1

Bottles and Extras

Figure 2

the embossed design seen in Figure 1 came from this South Connellsville business.

The basic capstan design appears on the left in Figure 1. It was extracted from the trademark application. Beside it to the middle and on the right are pictures of the Capstan Glass Company’s symbol as it appeared on the base of a machine pressed tumbler and a machine blown jar or bottle.

Note the clarity of the pressed logo versus the muted appearance of the blown one.

Plain Tumblers Figure 2 has a picture of three sizes of plain tumblers made by Capstan and employed by American Stores as a jacket for their ASCO brand of peanut butter.

Officials from the Capstan Glass Company used the letter C or the title standard - to identify this unassuming line of tumblers. A July 1922 advertisement stated this kind of container came in twenty different sizes, ranging in volume from one to sixteen ounces. Starting with the above promotion, packing vessels of this type appeared in Capstan Glass sponsored marketing pitches up to January 1935.8 The tumbler on the left side in Figure 2 is 3 11/16th inches tall. Its lip has an outer diameter of 63 millimeters. The same measurement across the base comes to 2 inches. Below the Capstan trademark on the underneath side of the base is the number 5 ½. According to the American Stores Company label on it, this vessel held 5 ounces.

In the middle, the next example of a plain Capstan tumbler is 4 5/8th inches in height. Mouth and base outer diameter figures are

72 millimeters and 2 5/16th inches, respectively.

This model carries the mold number 506 below the maker’s embossed nautical symbol on its bottom. The ASCO brand label says there were 9-ounces (ADVR) of peanut butter in this container at one time.

The center version in Figure 2 came with an original Anchor metal sealing cap.

On the top in Figure 3 is a cut away drawing of this cover. The left side of the sketch shows the placement of the rubber ring and where it seals along the finish of the tumbler. On the right, the outer profile of this Anchor friction closure is depicted.

Liner

Figure 3

On the bottom of Figure 3 is a picture of the gold and dark green colored metal cover.

Along its outer skirt is the following inscription – NO. 73C ANCHOR CAP NEW YORK PATENTED. In the central area of its top surface, the following was lithographed in dark green letters on the gold background: SPREAD Victor Bread WITH ASCO PEANUT BUTTER – TO REMOVE CAPS

Bottles and Extras USE ANCHOR OR ANY HOOKED BOTTLE OPENER. Figure 4 has a picture of an Anchor Cap & Closure Corporation box along with an Anchor opener. This tool was just one of many that could pop the airtight seal on an Anchor metal cover sitting atop a Capstan or another glass firm’s tumbler.

Figure 4

Coming back to Figure 2, the height of the right-hand specimen is 5 7/8th inches.

It has an 83 millimeter outside mouth measurement and a 2 ½ inches outer diameter for its base. On the bottom is the Capstan logo with the number 15 under it. The American Stores dark blue, white and red colored label assured 15-ounces were contained therein.

Fluted Tumblers The other prominent style of tumbler turned out by Capstan Glass personnel was the fluted variety. This version came with panels on the outer, inner or both exterior and interior side wall of the container. For the two-sided examples, the flutes could be aligned one over the other or be off-set either to the right or left of one another.

Figure 5 has a picture of the two labeled models in my collection from the American Stores Company.

Figure 5

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at the top, being separated by a small gap.

This example is 3 3/4th inches in height.

Its lip and base outer diameters are 63 millimeters and 1 7/8th inches, respectively.

On its underneath side is the number 5 ½ which is positioned below the embossed Capstan Glass Company trademark.

This particular sample came with a pushdown lacquered metal cap. It resembles the outer profile of the Anchor C cap seen in Figure 3; however, rust has obliterated any trace of an Anchor pedigree on its outer skirt.

On the central portion of its top surface, the following instructions are embossed in a circle: FORCE FORK DEEP INTO RUBBERBREAK OUT END-PULL OUT. In the center, the instructional method for unsealing begins with the raised words – TO OPEN. On the right side in Figure 5 is another fluted tumbler of the same design mentioned for its mate. This example is 4 5/8th inches in height. Its outer lip has a diameter of 73 millimeters. The same measurement on the exterior base is 2 5/16th inches. The bottom of the base has the embossed Capstan logo in the center with the raised number 506 beneath it. This version came with a metal cap identical to the one shown in Figure 3.

Paneled Jar The jar discussed as Jar One in the Fall 2003 issue of Bottles and Extras didn’t have a mold number on its base. This and other factors suggested to me that this style of glass container may have been made exclusively for the American Stores Company. The appearance of two other jars in the same Theodore J. Piazzoli outer design with an ASCO label on each seems to add more credence to my theory. See Figure 6.

Theodore J. Piazzoli was granted a design patent for the outer motif of this container on March 1st, 1932. 9 Figure 6

The left-hand specimen has a smooth outer surface. On the interior wall are nine panels of the same height, width and design.

These inner surface flutes have a curved outward or convex contour throughout their length. Also, these panels touch each other at the bottom just above the thick round base. However, they aren’t joined together

Either model in Figure 6 is 4 3/8th inches in height. At the top is the finish. On these models, it is comprised of a pry off sealing region, an annular bead and a vertical neck.

17

A metal cover seals these examples. Its profile and top surface stenciling can be seen in Figure 7.

Liner

Figure 7

On the left is a drawing of the cap atop a container. The cut out shows the placement of the rubber liner and where the sealing surface is on this example. Beside this depiction in the same left-hand sketch is the outer surface design of the cap.

The right side photograph is the topside view of the dark green and gold colored lacquered metal cover that came on the jars presented in Figure 6.

Its skirt has a 58 millimeter inner diameter. A compound sentence highlighted the upper part of the top’s circular central region. This wording read as follows: THESE PRESERVES ARE PURE AND CAN BE PURCHASED ONLY AT THE BRANCHES OF THE AMERICAN STORES CO. Below this phrase was a line. Under it on the left was the instruction TO OPEN Pry Up. A hand holding a dinner knife is depicted prying off the metal cap from one Figure 6 style of jar directly underneath the above instruction. Opposite is another instructional phrase To RE-SEAL Press On. Under this wording was the same kind of paneled jar. But this time the hand with its palm facing downward was pushing down on the top surface of the metal cap to reseal it on the container.

The style of metal cover used to seal the Figure 6 jars was known in the industry as the White cap. Here is how a writer from the trade journal – The Glass Packer – described this closure.

“The White cap is one of the newer closures in this group. Here is a onepiece tin plate cap of unusual shape which is also solely applied by head pressure. (Figure 7) gives an illustration of the closure applied to a container with the pry off finish. The gasket, a composition rubber ring, is in the skirt where it presses against the side of the container. It is claimed that this closure has unusual merit as a reseal friction cap.”10 Below the finish is the jar’s body. The top part or shoulder joins the neck region

18 and is of the same diameter and form as the last component of the previous section. It then slants down and outward at about a forty-five degree angle. Instead of being smooth and curved, this area is flat and composed of sixteen opposite facing triangles. Next is the rest of the container’s exterior. Eight flat and rectangular shaped panels of equal height and width are strung together around the outer circumference of the vessel.

The octagonal base is the post bottom mold rendition with a Capstan logo in the center. Below this nautical symbol is the mold number 5972. Above the trademark is the embossed phrase – PAT. APPLIED FOR. Plain Jars Figure 8 has a photograph of the same style of jar but with three different American Stores Company labels on them. Regardless, of the sample you pick, the jar’s height was 5 1/8th inches.

A blue and white lithographed metal cap closed every model. On the cover’s top surface is a white circle bordered in dark blue. Within the white area is the dark blue stenciled name AMERICAN with STORES CO. in a rectangular box overlaid on the first word. Along the dark blue colored and ribbed outer skirt of this metal cover is the following in small gold lettering – 70 AMERSEAL ANCHOR CAP N.Y. PATD. Under the quarter-turn screw cap, the finish on each example has a four lugged sealing area followed by a tiny annular bead and a very short vertical neck.

The body on each of the Capstan packing jars in Figure 8 is composed of a shoulder and side wall. The former starts out conforming to the neck design but then quickly curves outward and down, joining the latter. This vertical region is cylindrical

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Bottles and Extras

in shape, unembossed and labeled. Its outer surface curves back inward as it approaches the bearing surface of the jar.

Of interest, three different styles of labels were seen on these product jars.

The paper one on the left is familiar because the plain and fluted tumblers seen in Figures 3 and 5 had a similar one pasted on their outer surfaces. However, this is the first instance of the American Stores Company using a pint jar to market their ASCO brand of peanut butter.

As you can see from the pictures in Figure 8, American Stores used these 16ounce capacity containers from Capstan Glass to pack their HOM-DE-LITE brand of salad dressing and mayonnaise. According to the gold, red and yellow and gold, dark blue and light blue colored labels, the contents of each were prepared by the American Stores Company.

A circular post bottom mold base was found on all of the specimens. Regardless of the model in Figure 8, the outer diameter of the bottom feature was 3 1/4th inches.

Below the Capstan Glass logo on every one of the product vessels was a mold number.

The left-hand example carried the figure 4016. Its compatriots to the right had A-4016 as their mold identifiers.

Catsup/Ketchup Bottle The example shown in Figure 9 is 9 3/8th inches tall. The outer diameter of its crown closure is 27 millimeters. A long and sloping shoulder gives way to a body with panels joined side by side around the outer circumference of the bottle. The eight flutes are flat surfaced. Each has a curved upward top and rounded downward bottom. Their individual dimensions are 4 11/16th inches (apex of the curved top to nadir of the round bottom) by 1 inch.

Figure 8

The American Stores label on this bottle is for their Sunrise brand of Tomato Ketchup.

Sixteen ounces of this popular condiment was contained in this rather regular looking container from Capstan Glass.

The round cup bottom mold style of base had an outer diameter of 2 5 / 8 th inches. This underneath part of the bottle carried the embossed Capstan trademark in the center with the raised number 9516 underneath it.

Figure 9

Vinegar Bottles Two vinegar bottles are the last Capstan Glass containers to describe. These can be seen in Figure 10.

Both bottles are the same style. Each is 9 11/16th inches tall.

The finish on them is composed of a two lugged sealing component, an annular bead and a very short vertical neck.

Either specimen of an ASCO brand vinegar container has a 33 millimeter mouth which takes an Amerseal metal cap. The covers on the bottles are dark blue and white in color. One version had the following inscription in white letters on its outer skirt near the bottom edge 33 – AMERSEAL ANCHOR CAP N. Y. PATD. On the top

Figure 10

Bottles and Extras surface is the phrase ASCO BRAND surrounded by the ornate banner that matches the one seen on the label on righthand bottle in Figure 10. Under this logo is the instructional phrase TO OPEN TURN (arrow pointing to the right).

As you can see in Figure 10, the shoulder on either version begins as a straight segment which slowly angles outward until an outward and down curved region commences. Just prior to the curved aspect, the abbreviation ASCO is embossed. 11 Thereafter, the sides angle inward until just above the bottom parting line.

On this part of the container are twenty flat surfaced panels strung side by side around the circumference of the vessel’s body. These flutes have a rounded upward top and a curved upward bottom. At the top, each panel has the same width; however, this distance either narrows or widens as the side wall of the flute goes towards the base of the bottle. Even though the top of every flute is the same

Endnotes Tumblers, Jars and Bottles; A Product Identification Guide for the Capstan Glass Company, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325, 2007, pgs. 1-46.

2 Pennsylvania Titan of Industry, Sylvester K. Stevens, Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1948, pgs. 40-41.

In the event you are interested in learning more about the subsequent history of the American Stores Company, I recommend the Internet. By typing this firm’s name into the Google search engine, a plethora of facts will be at your beck and call.

3 Tumblers, Jars and Bottles; A Product Identification Guide for the Capstan Glass Company, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325, 2007, pg. 26.

4 Pennsylvania Titan of Industry, Sylvester K. Stevens, Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1948, pgs. 39-40.

5 The abbreviation – ASCO – is just one of the brand names I’ve come across 1

July-August 2007 measurement, the opposite end segment shows a one narrow panel and one wide panel pattern. About 5/8th of an inch from this latter feature, the outer surface of either bottle slopes outward and down in a gentle curve until it joins the base.

Their 3 3/16th inches in diameter circular cup bottom mold kind of base has the Capstan Glass Company trademark boldly embossed in the center. Unlike other examples in this article, these specimens don’t have a mold number. Instead, there is the word REGISTERED inscribed above the logo in a cupped upward fashion.

Summation I’m sure the collectors of ASCO/ACME memorabilia were hoping for many more examples of other labeled American Stores Company products. Alas, I would have liked to accommodate them but my sample base is relegated to the models shown in this article.

from the American Stores Company. I presume it was conceived by extracting core letters from the Company’s title in the following manner - American Stores Company.

6 More Jars From Capstan, Barry L. Bernas, Bottles and Extras, Fall 2003, pgs. 55-56.

Recently, I acquired another example of a container that is base embossed ASCO PEANUT BUTTER with a 4315 mold number on it. On this four paneled jar, there is an American Stores Company dark blue, white and red label for ASCO BRAND PEANUT BUTTER. This vessel is topped by a dark blue and white colored ASCO BRAND Amerseal metal cap. Aside from the mold series number, this container matches the attractive packing vessel shown in the above reference as Jar Two with one other exception. My model has no maker’s mark in the center. In place of the expected Capstan Glass Company trademark are four overlapping circles. These features were used by a mold maker to obliterate any trace of this familiar logo.

7 Tumblers, Jars and Bottles; A Product Identification Guide for the Capstan Glass

19 On the more positive side, two label styles (oval and rectangular) and several color schemes, three brand names (ASCO, HOM-DE-LITE and Sunrise) and several Capstan Glass Company containers all used by this Philadelphia based supermarket chain have now been identified and documented.

I’m certain that the same type of vessels were used by other food packing concerns as well but at least we now know which ones held brands from the American Stores Company. An added benefit was also seeing what the contents of each container held when it was filled and labeled.

If you would like to discuss any aspect of this article, share your information about either the glass maker or food packer or provide documentation of other Capstan Glass Company tumblers, jars and bottles that were used by the American Stores Company, please don’t hesitate to contact me directly.

BLB

Company, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325, 2007, pgs. 9 and 26 and The Glass Packer, February 1938, pg. 125.

8 Tumblers, Jars and Bottles; A Product Identification Guide for the Capstan Glass Company, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325, 2007, pgs. 57-58.

9 Ibid, pg. 81. In my book, I listed Jar One from the Fall 2003 edition of Bottles and Extras under the No Mold Number Jars section.

10 The Glass Packer, August 1930, pg. 383.

11 Tumblers, Jars and Bottles; A Product Identification Guide for the Capstan Glass Company, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania, Barry L. Bernas, 239 Ridge Avenue, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325, 2007, pg. 117. This source lists three other sizes of a similarly patterned vinegar bottles.

Each one has the abbreviation ASCO embossed prominently on its shoulder region.

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“TIP Baby’s” father shares Gary Beverage Co. history

By Bill Baab Linda Carolyn “Tippy” Gary may have been the only baby born in September 1939 to be nicknamed after a family soft drink.

She is the daughter of soft drink bottler Fred Gary and Kathryn Flynn, who wed in May 1938 in Washington, D.C. It was during the first month of her birth year, according to a news story in the Raleigh Times, that the Gary Beverage Company of Raleigh, North Carolina introduced a grape-flavored drink called TIP. “When I was born at Rex Hospital in Raleigh, I was told that the nurses referred to me as ‘the Tip Baby.’ The first people to visit my mother in the hospital brought a silver (loving) cup engraved ‘Tippy’ and there you have it,” said Tippy (Mrs. Richard) Gary Thibodeau of Coronado, California.

Husband, family and friends still call her by her nickname.

Her father, Fred Branan Gary, a retired U.S. Navy commander, 96 years old and living in Coronado, recalled his life and times with the Gary Beverage Company: “In 1914, my father (Joseph Nicholas Gary, Sr.) operated a farm and cotton gin outside of Swainsboro, Georgia where I was

born. He and his family moved to Covington, Georgia where he had obtained a franchise agreement with the Chero-Cola Company of Columbus, Georgia for Covington (Newton County) and adjoining counties.”

The Chero-Cola Company had been organized by Claud Hatcher in Columbus.

Hatcher’s first beverage line in 1905 was Royal Crown and the Chero-Cola Company was chartered in 1912. The NEHI line of fruit flavors as introduced in 1924, becoming so successful that the company changed its name to NEHI Corporation in 1928. according to a company history.

“The Covington franchise turned out to be very successful. It became a direct competitor of the Coca-Cola Company. My father had an opportunity to get a CocaCola franchise, but he was of the firm belief that Coca-Cola was a habit-forming drink (associating the name with cocaine) and thought Chero-Cola wasn’t.

“Father’s operation was very successful until World War I. Coca-Cola stopped bottling its drink because they couldn’t get the necessary sugar, but Chero-Cola kept

Joseph Gary Sr.’s plant in Covington, Ga., celebrated National Chero-Col Day on April 18, 1918. Fred Gary is the boy on the left and his father (with cap) is on the right. Note that everybody is holding a labeled Chero-Cola bottle.

Bottles and Extras making their drink using some sort of syrup.

But that spoiled the drink and that was the end of that.”

However, from that start, “my father, myself and brothers Elwyn Gary Jr., and Joseph N. “Nick” Gary Jr., ended up in the drink business.

“A new drink named NuGrape was developed in Atlanta. It had a very pleasing flavor and its bottle (shape) was very unusual, being ‘squeezed’ in the center. My father took that on and it became so successful, he was able to get the franchise for Charlotte, N.C., about 1920. After success there, he decided to take the franchise for Washington, D.C. He moved to that city in 1922 and the family joined him in 1924.”

His father’s advertising skills were bold and different. For example, his fleet of trucks included a car shaped like a NuGrape bottle.

On the rear of the car was the distinctive NuGrape logo and its motto, “A Taste You Can’t Forget.” You wouldn’t forget that car, either, once you saw it.

During the late 1930s, another strangelooking vehicle caught Fred Gary’s eye – he thought it was just the thing to catch the public eye as well..

The Gary Beverage Company was advertised on the aluminum “fuselage” of a bus-car called the Dymaxion, one of just three invented by Buckminster Fuller. It had only three wheels – two in the front and one in the back – “and it was very tricky to drive,” Fred Gary remembered. “You steered it with the rear wheel. If you wanted to go to the right, the rear of the car would go slightly to the left; if you were going quickly to the right, it would force the car over (to the left)

Chero-Cola advertising serviing tray from the teens.

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The NuGrape Bottling Co., in its 1925 heyday on 210 2nd Street, S.W., in Washington, D.C. J.N. Gary Sr., is behind the wheel of the sporty NuGrape car on the right. It was built on a Chevrolet chassis with solid rubber tires. The man wearing the straw hat next to the car is Joseph N. Gary Jr. The delivery trucks are all Model T Fords. and probably hit an oncoming car.” But Fred survived in the vehicle “I think I paid $200 for. A friend drove it from D.C. to Raleigh and I drove it from there to Charlotte. I wanted it for advertising purposes.”

Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller (1895-1983) was an American visionary, designer, architect, poet, author and inventor.

Fred Gary bought the vehicle from an employee at the U.S. Bureau of Standards

where he had been employed before joining his father in the beverage business. He said that one day, after it was gassed up, the gas cap was accidentally left off, the thing caught fire and “melted right where it was.”

The Gary Beverage Company’s future looked bright, but there were storm clouds on the horizon. Welch’s Grape Juice Company sued NuGrape to make it put real grape juice in the soft drink. “My father, the local bottler, was a witness during the trial

Gary Beverage Company staff in front of the Raleigh Auditorium about 1935. Fred Gary is on the front row’s extreme left. Elwyn Gary Sr. is on front row’s extreme right. Elwyn Gary Jr., is on back row’s extreme left. Others unidentified.

and Welch’s won. But the stuff (real grape juice) fermented in the bottle and that killed it,” Fred Gary recalled.

“My father had plants in Charlotte and High Point, North Carolina, and added ginger ale and flavored drinks. That (in 1928) is when he founded the Gary Beverage Company. Here’s a point of interest: On Oct. 29, 1929 (Black Thursday), the day the stock market crashed, the Charlotte plant burned to the ground. It was relocated in the city and production continued.”

A decade later, Nick Gary met a glass company salesman in Charlotte. The salesman showed a small, thin bottle about half the size of a Coca-Cola bottle and its price was right – about half the cost of a Coke bottle. So the palate-pleasing drink called Tip was born, thanks to research by Joseph N. Gary Jr. It was made with dextrose with a slight bit of carbonation.

“I’d always heard it was father’s sister, Ruth, a school teacher, who came up with the name,” Tippy Thibodeau said. “She came up with the slogan Take a Tip: Drink a Tip.” Her father confirmed it.

“The Gary Beverage Company owned the Tip Company and started two franchises – one in Oklahoma and the other in Columbus, Georgia,” Fred Gary said. After he married Kathryn Flynn in 1938, they moved to Raleigh to be with the rest of the family in the bottling business. At the time, there were plants in Raleigh, High Point, Greenville and Charlotte. In August 1941, Fred was sent to Birmingham, Alabama

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Bottles and Extras

Unidentified staff of the Gary Beverage Co., in High Point about 1935.

Gary Beverage Company delivery truck, driver in front of North Carolina’s state capitol in Raeligh, circa 1935.

Above: Door sticker illustrating a green paper-labeled Gary’s Ginger Ale bottle.

Sticker was manufactured by Mystik Division, Chicago Show Printing Co.

Right: Tip Company stationery showing Birmingham, Ala., address, circa 1940s.

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Gary Beverage Company’s Dymaxion car caught the attention of passers-by. It’s sitting in front of the company plant on North Tryon Street in Charlotte about 1939.

Illustration of a TIP bottle from an ad in the American Carbonator & Bottler. The 6-ounce bottles were lettered in white Applied Color Labeling with orange crown caps.

The “stars” of the story: Tippy Gary Thibodeaux and Fred N. Gary in Coronado, California. (Photo by Dick Thibodeaux.) where he had a contract with the Barq root beer company for it to bottle Tip. Then the Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 changed everything and the production of Tip in Birmingham ceased.

World War II created a hardship for many firms, limiting the available amount of sugar, gasoline and (truck) tires. During the

war years, the Tip Company was sold to the Dr. Pepper Bottling Company in Marion, Virginia, but went out of business about four years later. The Gary Beverage Company, with Elwyn Gary Sr., stayed in business in Charlotte, High Point and Durham, but it, too, eventually ceased operations during those tough times.

Nick Gary was drafted into the U.S. Army,

Elwyn Gary Jr., joined the U.S. Army Air Corps (stationed in England as a pilot, he flew 25 bombing missions over Germany in a B-17 Flying Fortress) and Fred Gary joined the Navy. The latter visited California during the war, liked the weather and retired there in 1963 where he has lived in the San Diego area ever since.

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Bottles and Extras

Cobalt Blue Spirits Bottles

By Bryan Grapentine Photos by Larry Grapentine Before I decided it was time to downsize and consign my best bottles to American Bottle Auction (ABA), I collected bottles in most categories except historical flasks and embalming fluid. Over the years the collection grew to over 2600 clean, interesting bottles. During my 30 years of bottle collecting I have assembled collections of Florida water, ink, milk, Arizona bottles, magic, glue, Hutchinson, blob top, ACL sodas, medicine, food, citrate, Palmer Perfume, root beer extract, Coca-Cola, hair, Wakelee Drug Store, Owl Drug, pot lids, baby nursers, bitters, Nevada, New Mexico, and Colorado bottles plus misc. as well as a 50 State, 11 Territory and Canadian provinces Hutchinson soda bottles. I had just about run out of ideas on what to collect next when the idea of putting together a collection of blue liquor bottles seemed like a good idea and an interesting challenge. It didn’t take me long to find out that not many bottles are known in this category and some are extremely rare and seldom offered for sale.

A high percentage of bottle collectors’ favorite colors is blue. There are many shades of blue such as cobalt, cornflower, sapphire, teal, Prussian, electric, midnight, etc. with cobalt being the most popular.

Medicine, drug store, Hutchinson and blob top sodas, hair, poison and ink bottles are not uncommon in blue. For some unknown reason, few whiskey and other liquor bottles were made in this attractive color. Perhaps the product did not appear well in blue bottles or the additional cost of producing blue glass was a deterrent. The most common color is amber followed by clear.

This article will show photos of bottles varying in degrees of rarity that were in my collection prior to their consignment to ABA. Blue liquor bottles not in my collection are also listed. Purchased at FOHBC shows years apart, the Neal’s Ambrosial, my favorite, and the Hopatkong bottles do not come up for sale often. A major resort area from the 1880s through the 1930s, Hopatcong is a small town and lake resort area in Northwestern New Jersey. Could there be a spelling error on the bottle?

The other bottles in the photos were purchased at various shows, auctions, and

eBay. Although all blue spirits bottles are attractive and desirable, it has been my experience that the easiest to find blue spirits bottles are the Casper’s and the Theodore Netter sample size bottle. However, except for the Caspers, little historical information can be found on this category of bottles.

Figure 1: FROM THE CASPER CO. INC. WINSTON-SALEM, N.C., NEW YORK,CHICAGO,ST.LOUIS. This is the more scarce four cities variant.

Figure 2: HOPATKONG WHISKEY J.C.HESS & CO. PHILA Unusual shape.

Figure 3: CASPER’S WHISKEY MADE

BY HONEST NORTH CAROLINA PEOPLE. Figure 4: NEAL’S AMBROSIAL WHISKEY PHILADA beautiful quart bottle and the only cobalt whiskey with an applied seal that I know of. Seal size is 2 1/8" X 1 7/8".

Figure 5: Back Bar bottle with RYE in sterling. This heavy bottle may also be found in other flavors.

Figure 6: ROYAL IMPERIAL GIN LONDON A beautiful American square bottle.

Figure 7: WHARTON’S WHISKY 1850 CHESTNUT GROVE This bottle was also made in aqua and amber.

Figure 8: GREETINGS THEODORE NETTER 1232 MARKET ST. PHILADA, PA. These sample bottles also were made in clear glass.

Figure 9: J.N.KLINE & CO. AROMATIC DIGESTIVE CORDIAL A small tear-drop shape pocket flask.

I neglected to get a photo of the blue barrel bottle. This desirable bottle does come up for sale occasionally at bottle shows or catalog auctions. Since no paper labeled specimens have been reported, it is generally believed that the bottles contained whiskey or bitters.

There are other blue spirits bottles that I have never seen, or found offered for sale, and so I would consider them all extremely rare. There may be more that I have not listed below.

W.H. McL. TOLEDO. O. smooth base, cylinder.

KING’S LIQUORS BRISTOL, TENN

cobalt, cylinder.

D.J.M. 1841 MOUNTAIN DEW cobalt, back bar, cylinder.

R.B. & A.B.CROPLEY GEORGEWTOWN, D.C. light blue, cylinder.

S.S.SMITH JR. & CO. CINCINNATI, O. semi cabin shape figural.

W.WOLF PITTSBURGH cornflower blue, barrel.

Reference: Antique Eastern Whiskey Bottles by Donald J.Denzin.

The author may be contacted at: bgrapentine@msn.com.

Figure 1

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Part II, Coming This Summer!

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Contract Available at: FOHBC.com

Banquet ~ Aug. 17 ~ 6:30 PM Featuring Greg Hawley Steamboat Arabia Excavator Early Adm. ~ Aug. 18 ~ 1-5 PM ~ Aug. 19 ~ 8-9 AM Public Adm. ~ Aug. 19 ~ 9 AM - 3 PM

AUGUST 17-19, 2007 GATEWAY CENTER ONE GATEWAY DRIVE COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS

INFO & AUCTION CONSIGMENTS: R. WAYNE LOWRY 401 Johnston Court Raymore, MO 64083 (816) 318-0161 JarDoctor@aol.com Local Rep: Curt Faulkenberry (636) 797-5220

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The Thaddeus Davids Ink Company

By Ed & Lucy Faulkner Thaddeus Davids and his ink company of the same name have a long and interesting history. Davids was a good businessman and built the ink company up to one of the largest of the time, only to lose it and have to start over three times because of his trust in his fellow man. The last time in 1883 not only cost him everything he owned, but his health as well.

According to one source, the only thing he had left was his honor, because he sold everything he owned to pay off debts incurred in the company name by his son, George, the financial manager of the company.

The story begins in 1823 when his father moved the family to New York City when Thaddeus was thirteen years old. Here he entered the employ of an Englishman named Raven (no other name given) who was an ink manufacturer. When Raven died, he left the company to Thaddeus.

Because he was still a minor, the business had to be listed in his father ’s name, William Davids. Some old ads show May 1824 as the manufacturing start-up, but bottle labels list 1825 as date of establishment. During this early period he failed to receive payment for a government contract and gave up the business, going to sea for a short time. Upon returning, he entered the business again and prospered with his manufacture of

Thaddeus Davids’ picture as used on letterheads.

quality ink. An 1829/30 New York Directory listing still had William Davids, Chemist, in the listing. Thaddeus would have become of legal age in 1831.

Davids’ introduction of steel pen ink in 1827 was his best product at the time. It was guaranteed to write black and be of “record” quality. By 1833, he was making ink similar to English inks. He called it chemical writing fluid and added indigo for more color. Davids continued with more innovative and improved inks in the following years, always working to improve the quality. His inks were as good as, or better than, any on the market. In 1856, an experiment by a well known chemist listed his as the least fading ink on the market when compared with such names as Maynard & Noyes, Harrison’s Columbian and Blackwood’s. This was an important factor for businesses and government. These results were copied and used on bottle labels and trade cards handed out by the company at the 1876 Centennial in Philadelphia. Thaddeus Davids, as well as many other ink companies, had displays at this huge centennial celebration.

By the late 1830s, Davids was prosperous enough that he wanted to buy a country place in New Rochelle, a short distance from New York City.

Leaving the business in the hands of his partner, he took some time negotiating for the New Rochelle property. When he returned to the city, he found out his partner had somehow managed to sell the business and ruin him. So instead of being wealthy, he was $700 in debt. With hard work, he entered the business again for himself at 112 John Street in 1840.

From the early 1840s to early 1850s, available information is sketchy. But we believe during this period, he was the

Davids of Davids and Black Ink, having taken John Black on as a partner or buying out Black’s previous partner. His labels from the mid-1850s are similar with the earlier Davids and Black labels except for the name. Also in his book, he pictures Davids and Black ink. The awards listed on both are for Thaddeus Davids ink.

In 1852, an obituary was found for John Black, Jr., of the ink company. Sometime after this, Thaddeus was back in business for himself. An article in the Scientific American in 1856 referred to the Davids Company as the late Davids and Black. (Late was a term used frequently at the time for “formerly”.)

Addresses for the Thaddeus Davids company at this time included 222 William Street and 8th Street, with offices on 26 Cliff Street. For a brief period in 1854, he intended to move the company to New Rochelle. This didn’t work out because an old mill being renovated for the ink factory burned. This mill had been used for making sealing wax and wafers. An 1888 article in a N.Y. magazine said they still maintained two factories in New Rochelle. Mostly likely this was the John B. Davids Company and a factory for the production of wax, wafers and miscellaneous products.

After moving back to N.Y.C., manufacturing plants and offices were at 127 and 129 William Street. The warehouse was a spacious six-story building.

At the William Street factory, they made thirty-three different inks as well as other products. The steel pen ink was still being made from the original formula at least through the early 1900s. In 1856 a son, George W. Davids, was admitted as a partner, and the company became known as Thaddeus Davids and Company. The company continued to grow and prosper under Thaddeus and his sons.

But in 1883, he was ruined again,

1847 ad for Davids & Black copying ink and indelible ink.

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this time by his son George, a senior partner and financial manager of the company. George, unbeknown to his father, had incurred debts far more than the assets of the company using the company as collateral. When these debts became known and due in early 1883, the company couldn’t pay them. In April of that year, the New York Times reported the apparent suicide of George W. Davids in a New York City hotel from an overdose of laudanum.

Thaddeus, being the honorable man he was known to be, sold everything he owned, including his New Rochelle properties, to pay off creditors. The company went into a receivership with another son and junior partner, David, at the helm. It was reorganized as a stock company, and the business continued.

Thaddeus suffered a stroke soon after this from which he never fully recovered. The last decade of his life was spent suffering from gout and the effects of the stroke.

Under David F. Davids the company again prospered. He and his brother Edwin, along with George Snyder as president, (relationship unknown) took the company into the 20th century.

With David’s death in 1905, and Edwin’s in 1907, other family members took over. In 1908 the company moved to Vandam Street.

The Vandam factory made use of electricity and was completely up to date in the manufacturing process. Machines powered by electric motors did work previously done by hand.

At one point, there was a lawsuit over name infringement with C. I. Davids that was settled in favor the the Thaddeus Davids Company. C. I. Davids, a nephew of Thaddeus, according to records, continued his own company through the 1930s. Sometime during that period, it either merged or went out of business, as his obituary in 1945 listed him as president of Thaddeus Davids Ink Company. No ads or other information was found after this, which leaves us to assume the company either merged or went out of business in the next few years.

Thaddeus Davids married three times and had 12 children, with at least four sons in the ink business with him. John B. Davids bottled ink under his own name for a while.

Besides the ink business, Davids purchased a lot of real estate which enhanced his fortune. He bought several properties, which he divided up into house lots in New Rochelle where he eventually made his home. Perhaps his best known land purchase was an island just off the shoreline of New Rochelle with intentions of moving his ink factory there that became known as Davids Island.

Instead he leased (and later sold) it to someone else, who leased it to and later sold it to the U.S. Government. During the Civil War, this island was used to hold Confederate prisoners. DeCamp Hospital was established to house wounded soldiers from both sides. A number of Davids women volunteered as helpers there.

Thaddeus Davids & Co. ad from 1857.

Bottles and Extras

Perpetual calendar—popular advertising tool in late 1800s.

In 1967, exactly 100 years after the United States government purchased the island from a New Rochelle resident, the City of New Rochelle purchased the island back from the government.

On a personal note, we discovered Ed’s great-great grandfather was a war prisoner there, having been captured at Gettysburg.

Thaddeus Davids was active in community affairs in New Rochelle, especially working to improve the schools. He was well liked and respected. To show respect at his death, the Odd Fellows Lodge, of which he was a member, was draped in black for a period of thirty days.

The last six years of his life, he was confined to his room, unable to walk, although his mind was unimpaired until the last.

His problems with gout were severe. He is quoted in many ads for the St. Jacobs Oil Company as saying this oil healed his gout.

Apparently it didn’t, as that was a major health problem until the end of his life, so most likely he was paid for this endorsement. As many old obituaries do, his last words were noted, his being “Home, Sweet Home.” Thaddeus Davids: Born Nov. 16, 1810 - Died July 22, 1894. He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery in New Rochelle, New York.

Davids and Black ink bottles are known mostly in dark green and are rarely found

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Left: John B. Davids amber pint - only one known at this writing. Center: Magic Ink label on bottle patented in 1886. Right: Half-gallon debossed T. Davids jug.

Obituaries of John Black, T. Davids & C.I. Davids.

Trade card from 1876 with facsimile of fade test from 1856 on back.

with a label. The D & B amber and indelible ink bottles are considered very rare. Because the Thaddeus Davids company was in business for so long, there is a wide variety of different labels and bottles, both pontiled and smooth based.

A lot of his bottles were patented, including a pottery bottle, which is said to be the first ink bottle patented. Most of the later master inks are label only. Shown in this article are just a few of the bottles and ads. The company did a lot of advertising beginning in the early years and throughout the 1920s and early 30s. T. Davids bottles can be found from very modest cost to very expensive— something for every ink collector. The John B. Davids amber bottle is the only one known as of this writing. Other J. B. Davids bottles are scarce, but occasionally found.

References: Forty Centuries of Ink by David N. Carvalho, 1902, Reprinted 1971.

Historical Landmarks of New Rochelle by Morgan H. Seacord and William S. Hadaway, 1938.

Edison Monthly Magazine, April 1917. (Free On-Line Books by Google) 19th century newspapers ads, 1847 and 1857.

Illustration captions from Page 28: 1. Rare Davids & Black indelible ink bottle and box.

2. Rare amber Davids & Black pint bottle.

3. Davids & Black with label.

4. Three sizes of early Thaddeus Davids bottles.

5. Umbrella bottle with label for Steel Pen Ink. 6. Cone ink with label.

7. Turtle ink, known in teal, amber, olive, aqua and shades in between.

8. Japan Ink for business use.

9. Amber bottle with pour spout and label.

10. Cobalt with label for Silk Filtered Ink. This ink was actually filtered through eight layers of silk to remove all traces of clogging matter.

11. This bottle, as well as the next one, was patented in 1886 and used with a wide variety of labels and known in amber, green and aqua with and without pour spouts in sizes from half-pint to a quart. The Electro Chemical Ink listed on this label was a waterproof ink perfected by the Davids Co. after moving to a factory with electricity.

12. Cutlery Ink label.

Newspaper obituaries from the New York Times and New Rochelle Press.

History of Davids Island from several internet sites.

Pictures courtesy of Dan Baldwin, John Hinkel, Frank Starczek and from our collection.

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Noel’s Cola History

By Bill Baab Sixty-nine years later, Mary Sue Heyer, nee Morrison, remembers the scene like it was yesterday: “I was smaller than most queens, much smaller,” said Mrs. Heyer, 80, referring to her being crowned “Noel’s Cola Queen” in 1938. “I was just 11 years old.”

Herman Ercel Noel founded the company that year in Corinth, Miss., and Mary Sue, whose father was an accountant for the firm, got to ride atop one of the 3/4ton delivery trucks during a parade that was held just to introduce the soft drink, she said. Noel’s son, Stanley, played French horn in the Corinth High School band which marched in that parade.

Check out the owner’s initials: H.E.N. “He was in the chicken business and was called ‘Chicken Noel’ and I was called ‘Little Chick’,” said Stanley Noel, 82, who now lives in Franklin, Tenn. “ I wrote a gossip column called ‘Chicken’s Chatter’ in my high school’s newspaper. I always was supplied with plenty of soft drinks so I was real popular.

“Dad started the chicken business in Cadiz, Ky., later moving to Clarkesville, Tenn., and even later to Corinth which was a railroad center. He organized the Noel Produce Co. He’d find out poultry market conditions in Chicago or New York and ship carloads of live birds to wherever he’d get the best price. He had to have someone

on the train to feed them. When refrigeration came along, it put him out of the chicken business.”

He later got into the beer business and, after Alcorn County, Miss., voted beer out, set up the Acme Distributing Co., in Birmingham, Ala., and handled Fox Beer out of Chicago, his son said. “Later, he probably thought about the soft drink business as a way to supplement his income.”

After the Noels got into the beverage business, they had a tough time naming their beverage, “so Dad just shrugged his shoulders and said, ‘We’ll call it Noel’s Cola’.”

The company bought syrup from the Virginia Dare Extract Co., founded by former Garrett & Company chemist Bernard H. Smith in 1923. Garrett was founded in 1835 and in 1919 was ordered to reduce the alcohol content in its wines because of nationwide Prohibition. Smith developed a line of fruit flavors under the Virginia Dare name, which Garrett had adopted as a brand name for its wine.

“The Virginia Dare Company sold us fruit-flavored

1938 parade in Corinth, Miss., publicizing Noel’s Cola and its Virginia Dare product line. Stanley “Little Chick” Noel played a French horn in the high school band. (Courtesy of Judi Noel Cooke.)

Bottles and Extras drinks (orange, grape, peach and any other fruit flavor you can think of) and a 7-Uptype called ‘Korker.’ That and a Dr. Pepperlike drink called ‘Dr. Davis’ were my favorite drinks,” Stanley remembered.

“They were put up in 6 1/2- and 12-ounce bottles.” He didn’t recall the name of the glass works that produced the bottles.

The aquamarine bottles had applied color labels featuring the face of a girl “that looked just like Mary Sue’s face,” he said.

The labels are red and yellow and show a girl holding a bottle. “It’s a Real Treat,” she says.

After the family became involved in the beverage business, Stanley found himself the chief bottle washer.

“We’d use a heavy solution of caustic soda which would eat up anything in the bottle. I had to work all night during the summer months when the soft drinks sold the most. Lots of my friends came in to work during the hot weather months. I learned everything. I took sugar, mixed it with water until it became syrupy and added the Virginia Dare extract. I’d sit there several hours, holding four bottles in my hand. I had to inspect every bottle. During the winter months, our trucks would bring back half a load. We had to unload the trucks to keep the bottles out of the weather so they wouldn’t freeze.”

After the start of World War II, sugar became scarce, but the senior Noel had cut a deal with a

Herman Noel (right) in his produce company warehouse in Corinth, Miss., about 1922. Nay Allen is on the left, but the two young men are unidentified. Noel established branches in Booneville, Baldwyn, Toledo, Tupelo and Calham City, Miss., buying poultry and eggs from Jackson, Miss., to Jackson, Tenn. (Courtesy of Judi Noel Cooke.)

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candy company in Jackson, Tenn., 50 miles north of Corinth.

“I’d drive a truck to the candy company and pick up a couple of barrels of candy syrup. The metal crown caps also became scarce during the war, so we developed a little mold, made used ones look like new and then spray-painted them,” Stanley said.

The Noel’s Cola bottling plant was located along a railroad siding across from the city jail.

For something to do when times were slack, “I’d watch the police haul people into the jail,” Stanley remembered. “No part of my life was any better than my teenage years.

“Dad was kind of a character. He liked to dance a jig. He’s just pull up his pants legs and dance. He had lots of friends. But he smoked a pipe and contracted cancer of the jaw. His first Social Security check arrived after he died at age 62.”

Noel’s Cola went out of business in 1944 or ‘45. Its bottling equipment was sold Left to right, Herman Noel and his wife, Arizona Mae Noel, with granddaughter, Judi, to the Royal Crown Cola Company, which circa 1949. (Courtesy of Judi Noel Cooke.) is sort of ironic because, Stanley said, the family drink “tasted more like RC Cola than anything else.”

(Thanks to Kathy Hopson-Sathe for providing the Garrett Wine/Virginia Dare history.)

Photo on previous page of bottle: 7-ounce Noel’s Cola bottle featured orange-and-red applied color label.

Girl’s likeness said to be that of 11-year-old Noel’s Cola Queen Mary Sue Morrison. (Courtesy of Gregg Farrar.)

Noel’s Cola used a variety of advertising gimmicks for the beverages it handled, including the pocket pencil clip and matchbook shown here.

(Courtesy of Judi Noel Cooke)

Among beverages in the Noel’s Cola line were Virginia Dare fruit drinks and a Seven-Up-type drink called Korker. (Courtesy of Judi Noel Cooke) Bill Baab 2352 Devere Street Augusta, GA 30904 (706) 736-8097 riverswamper@comcast.net

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Bottles and Extras

What led to the “BOSTON TEA PARTY” and the development of the HUTCHINSON BOTTLE STOPPER

By Cecil Munsey Copyright © 2006

Benjamin Franklin –– “If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth the writing.”

EARLY AMERICAN HUTCHINSONS Anne and William Hutchinson Anne (Marbury) Hutchinson [Figure 1] was born in 1591 in Alford, Lincolnshire, England. She married a merchant, William Hutchinson (son of the first Edward Hutchinson) – [Figure 2] in 1612 in London. The William Hutchinsons came to America in 1634 with Fig. 1 Reverend John Lothrop’s group and settled in Boston and ultimately had 15 children.

The religious climate in the Massachusetts Bay Fig. 2 Colony was oppressive for Anne who was a Quaker. She responded to the oppressing Puritans by gathering a group of like-minded people that would meet in her home and discuss issues of religion. The nature of Anne’s criticism of the church revolved around their idea of salvation by works or deeds. She believed in salvation by grace, and therefore that one could not prepare to be saved. Many influential men of the Massachusetts Bay colony listened to her and became followers.

Anne and her supporters began to be referred to as “Antinomians” by their detractors. That term meant “against law.”

Anne’s husband William, meanwhile, had been elected a judge in Massachusetts Bay in 1635 and a deputy in 1636.

The pace of Anne’s religious zeal accelerated. Ultimately, as the risk of the Massachusetts Bay colony splitting apart grew, there were accusations against Anne and her followers.

In November of 1637, Anne was put on trial, charged with “…traducing [speak badly or tell lies about] the ministers and their ministry.” Anne was convicted,

imprisoned and sentenced to banishment (March 22, 1638) from the colony along with a number of her supporters.

A committee of her followers (including her husband William) began a search for a site to which they could relocate and enjoy their form of religious freedom. The search included Long Island and Delaware.

They met with Roger Williams who had himself been banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636, establishing a settlement at Providence, Rhode Island. With his help they bought Aquidneck Island from the Sachems of the Narragansett Indian tribe.

William Hutchinson was elected leader of the settlement. While he was respected, some thought of him as a simple mildmannered man dominated by his wife. Still he was elected assistant to the Governor of Rhode Island Colony in 1640. He died in 1642.

Anne was afraid that the Massachusetts Bay authorities would try to gain control of their settlement. In 1643, therefore, she took the younger members of her family and moved to the Dutch Colony of New Netherlands (New York), settling at Pelham Bay (the Bronx today). Because the Dutch had antagonized nearby Native Americans (“Indians”) that year, the Indians rose up and attacked settlements beyond the walled protection of New Amsterdam (New York City). During the conflict they murdered Anne, who was 52 years of age at the time, and five of her children. The five killed were the youngest of her 15 children [Francis (1620-); Anne (1626-); Mary (1628-); Katherine (1630-) and William (1631-)].

The remaining children were: Edward (1613-1675); Susanna (1614-1630); Richard (1615-?); Faith (1617-1651); Bridget (1618-1698); Elizabeth (16221630); William (1623-1624); Samuel (1624-?); Susanna (1633-?); and Zuriel (1636-?) .

It was Edward who would grow up and

be the great, great grandfather of Thomas Hutchinson, the future governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony.

Thomas Hutchinson Thomas Hutchinson (1711-1780), [Figure 3], of Boston, graduated from Harvard University in 1727 before his sixteenth birthday and began his successful business career in 1734. As his career advanced he became involved in the leadership of the Figure 3 colony, first as a selectman in Boston. By 1737 he was elected to the general Assembly to represent Boston. He remained in the Assembly until 1749, serving as the Speaker after 1746.

He was appointed to the governor’s council in 1749, served as a judge in the superior court (1760-1769) and Lieutenant Governor (1758-1771). He also represented Massachusetts in the Albany Congress in 1754, which proposed a plan for the union of the British colonies.

He was acting governor in 1769 to 1771 after Governor Francis Bernard returned to England. Then he was made Governor, and was the last civilian governor of the Massachusetts colony. (General Thomas Gage followed him in office.) It was he who became colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1771-1774 and, in 1773, refused to let English tea-laden ships clear Boston Harbor and thus brought on the famous “Boston Tea Party.” He was a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolutionary War. While governor, Hutchinson was perhaps the most powerful man in the colony; he had political enemies among the radicals, notably Samuel Adams and Benjamin Franklin. Though Hutchinson considered the king’s Stamp Act and other

Bottles and Extras government measures unwise, he favored strict enforcement, and his unpopularity caused a mob to sack and burn his mansion.

He lost expensive furnishings and an extensive wine collection. He also lost an extremely valuable library of historical documents dating to the earliest days of the Massachusetts settlement.

His unpopularity increased as he continued to favor strenuous measures against the growing discontent of the king.

These views were exposed when letters he had written to English friends were made public.

Hutchinson spent his final years in England, serving unhappily as an advisor on North American matters to the king, and yearning to return to his homeland. He died in London on June 3, 1780.

Benjamin Franklin The correspondence to friends in England from Governor Hutchinson, called the “Hutchinson Letters,” fell into his opponents’ hands in England and was turned over to Benjamin Franklin [Figure 4], who was then serving as an agent in London.

Figure 4 Franklin sent the letters to radical leaders in the colony in return for a pledge of confidentiality. Despite that promise, Samuel Adams read the letters publicly.

Just a few weeks later, in what must have been one of the most painful moments of his life, Franklin was vilified and humiliated in front of the British Privy Council in London for his involvement in the so-called “Hutchinson Affair.”

Coupled with his wife’s death and his dismissal as Postmaster General, Franklin returned to the colonies in 1775 and was elected to the Continental Congress. Then, in July of 1776, he signed the Declaration of Independence Figure 5 and attended the Constitutional Convention [Figure 5].

The American Revolution got off to a poor start, and the Americans needed assistance. Ben Franklin went to France to persuade King Louis XVI to help them.

Louis was reluctant at first, but when the War started to pick up, he decided to help.

With French assistance, the American

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Figure 6 Revolution was victorious. Longing to return to Philadelphia, Franklin signed the Treaty of Paris and returned home, where he was elected president of Pennsylvania.

He tried to take a stand against slavery, but, at the age of 84, was too ill to pursue it. He died on April 17, 1790 [Figure 6].

William H. Hutchinson & Charles G. Hutchinson William H. Hutchinson, was a 19 th century Chicago soda water bottler and e q u i p m e n t manufacturer. He was the father of Charles G. Hutchinson [Figure 7], the man who invented the Hutchinson bottle stopper [Figure 8] that was patented Figure 7 on April 8, 1879.

His patents are as follows: Hutchinson bottle stopper (Patent No. 313,992); reissued on June 17, 1879 (Reissue No. 8,755); and improved on September 16, 1879 (No. 219,729).

Figure 8 The company that was formed to manufacture and sell the new bottle stopper was W. H. Hutchinson & Son. By 1890 the firm claimed a customer list of over three thousand. They sold their stoppers for $2 to $2.50 a gross (144 stoppers).

Hutchinson Spring Bottle Stopper From the Internet website of Ron Fowler’s Seattle History Company comes the following quotation that serves as an apt history of the development and demise

(1880-1912 according to author John J. Riley) of the most popular soda pop bottle closure of the time: Inventor of the Hutchinson Bottle Stopper: Charles G. Hutchinson, the son of William H. Hutchinson, a long-time Chicago soda bottler and equipment manufacturer, patented his “Hutchinson’s Patent Spring Stopper” April 8, 1879. His stopper quickly gained widespread popularity with both bottlers and consumers and revolutionized the soda bottling industry. Corks, gravitating stoppers, and other types of closures were soon rendered obsolete by Hutchinson’s inexpensive ($2.50 per gross) stoppers. Charles Hutchinson came up with the right stopper at the right time. Only the development of the crown seal closure has had more of an impact on the soda bottling industry.

How the closure worked: The key to Hutchinson’s success was his stopper’s simplicity. A rubber washer was inserted between two metallic disks. The bottom disk was usually slightly larger and debossed with Hutchinson’s various patent dates. The disks were connected to each other by a heavy wire that ran thru the disks and on up to form an open ended figure eight (see the accompanying illustration from an 1880s Hutchinson advertisement, Figure 9). Stoppers were inserted into empty bottles by use of wooden stopper injectors similar to hand corkers. Pushing the plunger forced the rubber gasket thru the bottle’s

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Figure 9

narrow neck, but only far enough that the upper loop of the figure eight was caught in the bottle’s mouth.

Filling: During filling, most bottlers used bottling machines like the one illustrated [Figure 10] patented by Charles Hutchinson March 16, 1880. Here’s how he described its operation: “The bottle to be filled is placed on the disk or bottle support E, the stopper being first depressed or pushed down to its open position...hook a is then inserted into the loop of the stem of the stopper, as indicated in Figures 1 and 3...I then depress the treadle, by which means the bottle will be held up firmly against the cushion I.” A pre-measured portion of syrup and Fig. 10

carbonated water combined in the syrup gauge and was pumped into the filling head. When lever L was pulled toward the operator, the liquid flowed into the bottle. “As soon as the bottle is filled,” continued Hutchinson, “the lever L should be raised enough to draw the stopper to its closed position.” This sealed the rubber washer against the inner neck of the bottle like a rubber, suction cup.

Once filled, Hutchinson bottles were immediately inverted and placed into wooden cases for shipment.

The neck and top of each bottle fit neatly into holes drilled in the raised bases of the boxes. The soda water kept the rubber washer wet, ensuring a tight seal and preventing the carbonation from escaping. The entire process was simple, yet very effective. Charles G. Hutchinson was a clever man.

Widespread popularity: Although the Hutchinson firm briefly produced bottles specifically designed for their new stopper, they quickly went into heavy production of their very successful closure.

Alfred Lief, author of A Close Up of Closures, notes that – “simple to apply, the Hutchinson stopper was easily adapted to available bottles.

There were three wire lengths to accommodate neck lengths; five

Bottles and Extras washer sizes for neck diameters. It captured the soft drink market.

Business boomed for bottlers as they filled orders for ‘white’ (lemon), ‘black’ (sarsaparilla), ‘brown’ (vanilla), and ‘red’ (strawberry) soda waters.”

Hutchinson imitators: Unwilling to sit idly by and watch Hutchinson reap all the profits, others jumped into the market by patenting slightly different versions of the Hutchinson stopper.

Some of these included: the August 17, 1880 John Klee stopper; the December 11, 1883 Amos F. Parkhurst Patent Stopper; the April 23, 1889 H. & H. H. stopper (“the neatest, cleanest and most handy Bottle Stopper in existence”); J. A. Stukey’s Patent Perfect Spring Bottle Stopper (“the finest soda bottle stopper in the world”); and the Cyclone Soda Stopper registered June 29, 1897 (“guaranteed superior to any other make”). With such bold advertising claims, it was probably difficult for bottlers to decide from whom to order stoppers. In spite of the imitators, Hutchinson’s stopper was by far the most popular internal stopper used in North America.

Demise of the Hutchinson: A number of factors brought about the end for Hutchinson stoppers.

Cleanliness was a major challenge.

Bottlers worked on a small profit margin, and rapid refilling of their bottles was one key to success.

Hutchinson soda bottles had to make numerous trips to and from consumers before the bottlers recovered their investment, let alone made a profit. Not all bottlers paid careful attention to removing old stoppers, cleaning the bottles, and inserting new stoppers. Usually returned with the stoppers still in the necks, it was easier to just push the stoppers into the bottles, wash them out, and use a stopper puller to pull the semi clean stoppers back into place. A quick refilling and the bottles were

Bottles and Extras once again on their way to customers, complete with unhealthy stoppers that affected product quality.

The patenting of the crown seal closure in 1892, development of Owens’ Automatic Bottle Machine in 1903, passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, and economic reality finally forced the bottlers’ shift to crown seal bottling equipment. Crown caps were sanitary, easily applied, and significantly less expensive at only 25¢ per gross. By WWI [sic], most bottlers had converted to crown top bottles.

Collecting Hutchinsons: Today’s soda collectors commonly refer to the bottles that used Hutchinson stoppers as “Hutchinsons,” or “Hutchs” for short (historical records indicate bottlers used this same terminology). An important reason for the collecting popularity of these bottles is the variety of areas in which to specialize. Most collectors concentrate on a particular geographical area, e.g. city, county, state, territory, or province.

Attempting to put together 50 state collections has enjoyed favor for many years, with some collectors striving to also acquire Hutchinsons from all state capitols, U.S. territories, Canadian provinces, and foreign countries. Hutchinsons featuring pictures have long been a popular category. Some only collect specific sizes or styles.

Most Hutchinsons were made of pale aqua glass (the least expensive) or flint (clear) glass. Rare and highly desirable colored Hutchinson bottles of cobalt blue, emerald green, and amber make a beautiful and valuable collection.

Hutchinsons are a special category of soda bottle collecting. They are survivors with a character unique from any of their soda bottle cousins. Although their story is over 125 years old, it’s really just begun.

July-August 2007 “Soda Pop:” Blasting along the coast highway, I spied the magic words “OLD BOTTLES” handwritten as an afterthought on a weather worn “ROCK SHOP” sign. My tires squealed as I screeched to a halt and did a quick u-turn to park in front of an aging antiques store.

An elderly man nodded “hello” as I entered his cluttered shop. I wound my way thru piles of rocks and assorted junk, and sure enough, he had several shelves of bottles. At first I was sorry for bothering to stop, but then I spotted a Hutchinson soda peeking its head up from the back of a shelf. I gently picked it up, hoping for some great rarity.

Alas, the bottle was unembossed and the bottom was missing. The shop owner was quick to inform me “that’s a real rare bottle you’re holdin’ there; that’s the bottle that gave soda pop its name.” He then proceeded to relate the tired story about how the term “pop” was derived from the “popping” sound made when opening a Hutchinson bottle by pushing the stopper down with the palm of one’s hand.

Although it makes for a good story, this yarn about the origin of the word “pop” just doesn’t hold, shall we say, carbonated water.

Cecil Munsey addressed this subject in The Illustrated Guide To Collecting Bottles, when he cited English poet Robert Southey’s 1812 description of ginger ale as “a nectar, between soda water and ginger beer, and called pop, because pop goes the cork when it is drawn.”

The U.S. Census cited 123 plants bottling “Mineral Waters and Pop” in 1859. Widespread use of internal closures didn’t occur until the 1880s, yet there are confirmed references to use of the word pop over 60 years earlier! In my opinion, “pop” is most likely derived from the sound made when an externally stoppered bottle was opened, i.e. as the cork was released. © 2006, Ron Fowler – Seattle History Company (see references)

37 D. W. Hutchinson & W. H. Hutchinson & Son The company (W. H. Hutchinson & Son) that was started and built by Charles G. Hutchinson with his father William H. Hutchinson, was operated by Charles’ son D. W. Hutchinson from 1906 – the year Charles G. died. The Hutchinson Stopper was manufactured and sold for 33 years and was discontinued in 1912.

William Painter (1838-1906) invented the “Crown Cork” which eventually became the world’s most successful bottle closure and is still used today. He patented it in 1892. According to author John J. Riley: “During the seventeen-years life of the Painter patents on the crown closure and machines for its use, there was almost complete absence of competitive equipment. It was a period of some uncertainty and many bottling plants continued to use the old-style bottling tables and closures, such as the popular “Hutchinson” internal stopper. By 1912, however, conversion to the crown type of closure had been completed to the extent that the “Hutchinson” and similar closures disappeared from the trade, and the crown became the standard. No doubt this was hastened by the fact that Painter’s patents had expired, and new machines were coming into the field.”

D. W. Hutchinson was last found in the literature, during this research, as one of the founders of the National Manufacturers of Soda Water Flavors in 1905 [Figure 11 – lower left].

From the Baker Library Historical Collections – Lehman Brothers Inc., Collection comes the most recent reference to W. H. Hutchinson & Son: “…the International Silver Company continued diversifying through acquisitions in the 1960s.

In 1960 it bought the EastwoodNealley Corporation of Belleville, New Jersey, producers of fourdrinier wire for the paper industry, and Drycor Felt Company of Staffordville, Connecticut. It acquired the Church Metalware division of Benziger Brothers of New York in December 1961, and

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July-August 2007 in August 1962 for $9 million it added W. H. Hutchinson & Son of Chicago, a maker of bottle caps [undoubtedly crown caps] for the soft drink and beer industry. These acquisitions helped lift revenue for International Silver to $89 million in 1963.”

Lief, Alfred. A Close-Up of Closures. New York: Glass Container Manufacturers Institute, (ND).

Carbonated Beverages 1807-1957. New York: Arno Press (A New York Times Company), 1972.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to the COLLECTIBLES OF COCA-COLA. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1972.

Williams, Selma R. Devine Rebel. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1981.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to COLLECTING BOTTLES. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1970.

References: Books: Colket, Merdeith B. The English Ancestry of Anne Marbury Hutchinson and Katherine Marbury Scott. Philadelphia: The Mager Press, 1936.

Fowler, Ronald R. An Introduction to Collecting Soda Pop Bottles. Seattle: Dolphin Point Writing Works, 1984.

Bottles and Extras

Riley, John J. Organization in the Soft Drink Industry – A History of the American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages.

Washington, D. C.: American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages, 1946.

Periodicals: Worral, Simon. “Ben Franklin Slept Here:” Smithsonian, March 2006, pp. 97-99.

Internet: http://www.seattlehistorycompany.com http://quincy.hbs.edu:8080/lehman/ company_histories/g-i/company history

Riley, John J. A History of the AMERICAN SOFT DRINK IINDUSTRY – Bottled

Cecil Munsey 13541 Willow Run Road, Poway, CA 92064-1733 (858) 487-7036 cecilmunsey@cox.net

Figure 11

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Collectible 3-D Vodka Bottles

By Cecil Munsey Copyright © 2006 Introduction In 1978, I took a one-year leave of absence from my first career as an educational administrator to buy and learn how to operate a liquor store. As a longtime collector of bottles, it was delightful to have a store with thousands of bottles to display and sell [Figure 1].

One of the first bottles in the store, I more than casually noticed, was a quart of Izmira vodka from Turkey. I focused on the bottle of vodka [Figure 2] not because it was from Turkey and the vodka

Figure 1 2

3

Figure 4

made from sugar beets, but because of its packaging. The bottle label (made from paper) was designed so that it produced a threedimensional (3-D) effect – a flat image that gives the effect of depth, width and height. On the front (obverse) was a die-cut, donut-shaped label and on the back (reverse) a smaller circular label [Figure 3] featuring a likeness of Ada I, queen of Caria, Turkey (320-340). When one looks through the hole in the front label at the obverse label, the engraving of the queen is magnified and has depth – a 3-D effect is achieved. These two 1978 magazine advertisements for Izmira [Figures 4 and 5] clearly illustrate the bottle and the see-through, 3-D label.

While Izmira Vodka may have had the first bottle of vodka to feature a 3-D label, it was not the last as will be shown later when top-of-the-line, see-through vodka bottles are shown and discussed.

(A difference to note up front is that the 3-D bottles to be discussed and illustrated in this article do not have paper labels. Better than that, they are more permanently labeled by the ACL (Applied Color Label) method where the art/lettering are screened onto the bottle and baked into the glass. (Sometimes the resulting labels are erroneously called “Painted Labels” by bottle collectors.)

How to make vodka Vodka is an easy spirit to make. The end result simply comes down to a matter of taste and government regulations. In the U.S., vodka is classified by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms as: “neutral spirits, so distilled, or so treated after distillation with charcoal or other materials, as to be without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.” This makes vodka distillation simple in the U.S. because the only variety allowed for is alcohol content.

There are a number of products from which vodka can be made.

The most popular vodka is from grains, like rye, wheat and, corn.

Other options include using potatoes, beets (e.g. Izmira) or molasses. The selected ingredient is mixed with water then heated to create a mixture called the wort. The wort is drained and the ensuing liquid becomes the ferment for vodka.

Following that fermentation process, the liquid is put into a still and run once while boiling, which makes the vapor return to the stock of liquid after condensing. The ingredient is run at least twice through a pot still – four times for premium vodka.

Finally, the spirit is cut (diluted with water). Since the spirit is distilled at a high proof (usually around l90 proof, or 95% alcohol) it needs to be cut to preferred taste. Most vodka is cut to 80 proof, or 40% alcohol.

Vodka history The Russians and Poles have been arguing seemingly forever over who produced and drank the first vodka. No matter, most agree that it originated somewhere in northern/eastern Europe around 1400 A.D. and has, since then, spread its popularity around the globe. The word vodka, or more literally, “water” (derived from the word voda), was most conveniently discovered in the colder regions of Europe and Asia when burgeoning distillers

40 realized that the wine they were fermenting became more potent after freezing through the cold winter temperatures. With advanced distilling techniques brought over from the west in the 1400s and 1500s, the Slavic peoples were able to refine their vodka and create top-quality alcoholic drinks that would soon become the trademarks of their countries.

The invention of vodka, as we know it today, is connected with the name of the famous Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev [Figure 6]. The scientist had been searching for the ideal volume and weight ratio of alcohol and water for a year Figure 6 and a half and, after solving the problem, published his findings in his doctoral dissertation: “On Combining Alcohol and Water.” Mendeleev’s conclusions were appreciated and successfully applied in alcoholometry and vodka production. In 1894-1896 the national standard for vodka was established and the state monopoly on vodka in Russia was created. The name “vodka” was officially and formally recognized.

In the U.S., vodka did not become popular until the 1940s. It was introduced into the American market in the late 1800s and early 1900s when importers realized they could target Eastern European immigrants with a nostalgic drink. Also, many Russian distillers, who lost their livelihood when the Bolsheviks confiscated all private distilleries after the Revolution of 1919, escaped to the U.S. and brought with them their vodka trade secrets and dreams to start again. Still, vodka did not find a prominent place on the stage of alcohol for Americans until the midtwentieth century.

Once alcohol rejoined the living with the repeal of the Prohibition Act in 1933, the Russian Vladimir Smirnov (changed to Smirnoff) sold the Smirnoff Company to Rudolph Kunnett who in 1939 sold it to the Hublein Company. Several attempts were made at breaking vodka into the American market, but it was not successful until the company began to market it as a cocktail base. This proved to be a great strategy and vodka was on its way to make its mark on the American drinking culture.

With its great versatility as a drink mixer it became a favorite at parties and social

July-August 2007 gatherings.

While popular, vodka did not see a great boom in popularity until the 1960s and 1970s when many more brands were launched in the U.S. and U.K. The timing coincided with the Cultural Revolution in these countries – the “Swinging 60s.” A more affluent younger generation, a generally more relaxed lifestyle and the emphasis on adventure and experimentation, led to its huge and ever rising popularity. Currently the global vodka market is $12 billion and still growing.

Today one can see many vodka varieties at the liquor stores. Among them are the high-end, top-of-the-line (premium) unflavored and flavored vodkas that have come on the market in the last few years in their beautifully designed bottles. It is in fact the beautiful bottles designed to project the illusion of three-dimensionality (3-D) that are the focus of this article. Besides their beauty and uniqueness, 3-D vodka bottles are an easy projection as the future of a segment of bottle collecting.

SUPER-PREMIUM or TOP-OF-THE-LINE-VODKAS Grey Goose Vodka 3-D bottle (SIDNEY FRANK 1919-2006) The man behind Grey Goose vodka understood that Americans want to pay more – “You just have to give them a good story.” The man who really did say that was Sidney Figure 7 Frank [Figure 7].

According the New York Magazine the

Bottles and Extras story goes like this: “At 5:20 on a Sunday morning in the summer of 1996, Sidney Frank–liquor baron extraordinaire, dapper elderly gent, CEO of the Sidney Frank Importing Co.–picked up his phone in a fit of inspiration. He dialed up his No. 2 executive, who listened in a groggy daze as Frank proclaimed, ‘I figured out the name! It’s Grey Goose!’”

And so was born one of the most astonishing brands in the history of distilled spirits. Grey Goose vodka, created from thin air that summer morning, had as yet no distillery, no bottle, and – perhaps the most pressing order of business – no vodka.

Yet almost exactly eight years after Frank gave name to this nonexistent liquor, Grey Goose vodka was sold to Bacardi for more than $2 billion.

After the Grey Goose sale, everyone at Sidney Frank Importing Co. got a hefty bonus. Longtime secretaries, for example, were handed checks for more than $100,000 apiece. Grey Goose was a spectacular success.

Fig. How did Grey Goose 8 become such a valuable property?

To try to provide an answer for that question one has to realize that the premium vodka in 1996, when Grey Goose came to market, was a brand called “Absolut” [Figure 8] that sold for (amazingat-the-time) $15 to $17 a bottle.

A humble old label ices its rivals in a taste test! According to one writer, Eric Asimov: “It was not exactly a victory for the underdog, but chalk it up as a triumph of the unexpected.” He was referring to a blind tasting of a range of the new high-end unflavored premium vodkas that have come on the market in recent years and a comparison of them with a selection of established super-premium brands. To broaden the comparison (or more likely as a bit of mischief) the tasting coordinator added to the blind tasting a bottle of that humble old brand Smirnoff (the single best-selling unflavored vodka in the U.S.) a definite step down in status, marketing and bottle design. After the 21 vodkas were sipped and the results compiled, Smirnoff was the hands-down favorite.

Shocking? Perhaps. Delving into to the world of vodkas reveals a spirit unlike almost any other. Again, according to Asimov, “Vodka is measured by its purity, by an almost Platonic neutrality that makes tasting it more akin to tasting bottled waters or snowflakes.”

[In other words, since vodka is almost pure alcohol (grain-neutral spirit) cut with water, the different brands are all very much alike which explains why Smirnoff won the tasting mentioned above. The tasting coordinator made the point.]

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[History: Absolut vodka was invented in Sweden in 1879 and called, “Absolut Rent Branvin” – (Absolute Pure Vodka). A hundred years later, in 1979, it was first imported to the US. Selecting a bottle for the vodka happened as advertising man, Gunnar Broman, was looking through an antique shop window in Stockholm’s “Old Town” when he saw an old Swedish medicine bottle, a cultural icon that was unchanged for more than a hundred years. The bottle was elegant, different, simple, and very Swedish.

In the 16th and 17th centuries vodka had been sold in pharmacies as medicine to cure everything from colic to the plague.

The choice of an old medicine bottle was a stroke of genius. Several Swedish designers were given the job of helping further develop the bottle. It had been decided that there should be no label to hide the crystal clear contents. After much discussion and several prototypes the team came to the conclusion that some kind of colored lettering was required. Blue was decided upon as the most visible and attractive color. The lettering was applied to the bottle using the Applied Color Labeling process.

While not a three dimensional bottle, it is considered by Swedish customers as quite beautiful.

The Swedish government, incidentally, recently decided that after 90 years in state hands, Absolut vodka will be offered up for sale for an estimated $5.7 billion.]

It would seem quite normal that to steal Absolut’s market share, the new Grey Goose vodka would have to undercut the price of Absolut. Instead Sidney Frank decided to price his vodka extravagantly higher than Absolut, at wildly more profitable margins. That was Sidney Frank’s great insight.

With both vodkas vying to be the premium brand (with Absolut mostly winning) Frank sidestepped the fray altogether and charged an unheard-of $30 a bottle. The markup amount was pure profit. He was the first person to see that there was a super premium category above Absolut, if you had that good product and a great story to go along with it. (The old adage about selling the sizzle instead of the steak is apropos here.)

In the Grey Goose story, since image was of paramount concern, the name came first. Frank recalled he’d once sold a Liebfraumilch named Grey Goose back in the 1970s. (It may have been that he liked the name because he already owned the worldwide rights to it.)

Next Frank sent a couple of his lieutenants to France to buy vodka. They met with cognac distillers, whose business had slowed. The stills were switched to vodka, and at last Frank had an actual product.

At a later time, when quizzed about his decision to buy vodka from France when it most often came from Russia and Scandinavia, he explained that people are always looking for something new and if you’re going to charge twice as much, you need to give a reason (story).

Frank further reasoned that Grey Goose, the brand, was about quality. So Grey

Goose’s story hinged on the following key points: • It comes from France, where all the best luxury products come from.

• It’s not another rough-hewn Russian vodka – it’s a masterpiece crafted by French vodka artisans.

• It uses water from pristine French springs, filtered through Champagne limestone.

• It has a distinctive, carefully designed bottle, with smoked glass and a silhouette of flying geese in threedimension (3-D) as one looks through the vodka to the reverse of the container [Figure 9].

Fig. 9 • It is shipped in wood crates, like a fine wine, not in cardboard boxes.

• And the most important piece of the story – the twist that brings it all together: Grey Goose cost way more than other vodkas. “So it must be the best.”

So it was, as the Influencers peddled the Grey Goose tale far and wide and people began to call for it in bars, a great thing happened – the characters of the TV program, Sex and the City pointedly all called for Grey Goose Cosmos. In the battle for vodka supremacy, that was the atom bomb. The war was over for the time being and Grey Goose had won.

These days, every spirits marketer is diving headfirst into super-premium products. AND as part of every story offering the reasons to select their products – distinctive, carefully designed bottles [Figure 10] are one of the most important components.

(Bottle collectors of the future will

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Figure 10 certainly envy those who can own today’s novelty 3-D bottles merely by taking a shopping trip to wherever fine liquor is sold instead of buying them at auction or otherwise on the collectors’ market.)

Vincent Van Gogh vodka 3-D bottles It takes five countries a period of three months to produce a bottle used to contain Vincent Van Gogh Vodka. The 3-D-labeled bottle is made in Germany, etched in France, silk screened (Applied Color Labeled) in Belgium and filled in Holland. The corks are from Portugal. The two gold bands and the gold palette on the bottle are made of 18 karat gold. By slowly rotating the bottle, the art gallery scene changes from one of the five paintings to the next, while each painting is enlarged by the magnifying effect of the bottle and the vodka [Figure 11]. The bottles are collectible and each has five 3-D images in the Fig. 11 back. The vodka also comes in 16 flavors that include Citrus, Orange

Figure 12

42 Raspberry, Vanilla, Dutch Chocolate, and Wild Apple. Four of the bottles are pictured as Figure 12.

Van Gogh vodka is made in Holland, in the city of Schiedam, where distilleries have been part of daily life since the middle 1600s. According to the local Chamber of Commerce, “The current distillery has been rebuilt under the supervision of the Holland Monument Society, including the windmill in front along the canal and the cobblestone streets.”

Grain alcohol, made mainly from wheat and a little corn and barley, is distilled twice in column stills and then a third time in a traditional pot still at 194 proof to remove the congeners (bad tasting by-products).

Purified water (not distilled) is used. The multiple distillation is done at 176 degrees Fahrenheit to create a 120 proof alcohol, which is reduced to 80 proof. (“The Master Distiller tastes each batch of vodka, and only with his signature can it be bottled.

When he is on vacation, no vodka is produced.”)

Vincent Van Gogh Vodka was first released in January 2000.

Vincent Van Gogh, impressionist artist (1853-1890) Van Gogh’s works are perhaps better known generally than those of any other Impressionist painter. His brief, turbulent, life is thought to epitomize the mad genius legend. During his lifetime he mounted two very small exhibitions and two larger ones. Only one of his paintings was sold while he lived. The great majority of the works by which he is remembered were produced in 29 months of frenzied activity, intermittent bouts with epileptic seizures, and profound despair that finally ended in suicide.

It was only ten years before his death in 1890 that he decided to be a painter. In 1888, in ill health, he rented a house at Aries, where fellow painter Paul Gauguin joined him. The brief period they lived and worked together was filled with tension. It was during that period, as most of the world knows, he mutilated his left ear. The women he fell in love with rejected his difficult, contradictory personality, and his few friendships usually ended in bitter arguments.

While confined to the asylum at SaintRemy in 1889 Van Gough painted one of his most famous paintings, Starry Night [Figure 13]. The painting was the inspiration for Don McLean’s popular

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Figure 13 contemporary song “Vincent” which is also known by its opening words, “Starry, Starry Night.”

Chopin vodka 3-D bottles Chopin is a single ingredient, 80-proof vodka, distilled four times from organic potatoes grown in the Polish region of Podlasie, a historical region in the eastern part of Poland.

“Siedlce-based P o d l a s k a Wytwornia Wodek Polmos” company of Poland distills it. It was first introduced to North America in 1997. It comes in two different 3-D see-thru bottles [Figures 14 and 15]. The Figures 14 and 15 manufacturer maintains it is the first and only luxury potato vodka in the world.

Seven pounds of potatoes are used to make each bottle of Chopin. The production is made in small batches and under rigorous quality control, to ensure maximum quality. The manufacturer claims that: “If a taste sampling shows even a small hint of imbalance, the whole batch is destroyed.”

Frederick Chopin, Polish Romantic composer (1810-1849) The vodka is named after the famous Polish romantic composer Frederic Chopin. Figure 16 features the only known photograph of the great musician. He was the son of a French émigré (a schoolteacher working in Poland) and a cultured Polish mother. He grew up in Figure 16

Bottles and Extras Warsaw where he studied music. In 1826, at age 16, he entered a music conservatory and soon after, performed his compositions in local salons.

Public and critical acclaim increased during the years 1829-30 when he gave concerts in Vienna and Warsaw until he moved to Paris in 1831. There with practical help from such luminaries as Robert Schumann, Franz Lizst and others, he quickly established himself as a private teacher and salon performer. His legendary artist’s status was enhanced by frail health (he had tuberculosis). Of his several romantic affairs, the most talked about was that with novelist George Sand (feminist Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin, later Baroness Dudevant). A break in relations with Sand was followed by a rapid deterioration in his health and a long visit to Britain. Nearly 3,000 people attended his funeral at the Madeleine cathedral in Paris.

Belvedere vodka 3-D bottles Belvedere Vodka is made by the firm Polmos in Zyrardow, Poland from Dankowskie Gold Rye and water purified by a reverse osmosis process. It is distilled four times, “The optimum number for achieving its unique flavor profile – three distillations leave minor imperfections, five distillations strip away delicious notes.”

The word Belvedere means “beautiful to see.” The 3-D bottle has a satiny finish and a window on the front through which the illustration on the back of the bottle can be seen magnified by the vodka. The 3-D bottle is designed to feature Belvedere, the Presidential Palace, with snow and trees surrounding it [Figure 17]. (The palace is

Figure 17

Figure 18

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former residence of Poland’s Marshal Joseph Pilsudski and more recently, the first residence of Lech Walesa (the labor leader who was elected president) before he moved to the Namiestnikowski Palace to complete his one and only term as Poland’s president (1990-1995). Walesa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 for co-founding Solidarity, the Soviet Bloc’s first independent trade union.

Belvedere also produces flavored vodkas in 3-D bottles [Figure 18]. Their orange flavored vodka is “Pomarancza” and “Cyrus” is their lemon-lime flavored vodka.

Shakespeare vodka 3-D bottle Another of the premium vodkas currently on the market in a 3-D bottle is Shakespeare [Figure 19]. The vodka is made in Poland from Dankowskie Gold Rye. It is distilled four times and cut with water purified by a reverse osmosis process.

Looking through the frosted and clear glass bottle reveals a 3-D portrait, in ACL, of William Shakespeare seated with his elbow leaning on a Fig. 19 table.

William Shakespeare, English poet & playwright (1564-1616) William Shakespeare [Figure 20] was an English poet and playwright widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language and the world’s preeminent dramatist. He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets, as well as a Figure 20 variety of other poems.

Fig. Shakespeare’s works 21 have been translated into every major living language and his plays are continually performed around the world. In addition, he is the most quoted writer in the literature and history of the English-speaking world.

Krol vodka 3-D bottle Krol is super-premium vodka. It is packaged in a 3-D clear and satiny

Figure 22

43 who died on the famous K-19 Russian nuclear submarine in July 1961.

The museum also has a hall dedicated to how Russians dealt with the difficult years of the USSR with hard drinking.

Selected Bibliography Books: Faith, Nicholas &Wisniewski, Ian. Classic Vodka: London, Prion, 1997.

Munsey, Cecil. The Illustrated Guide to COLLECTING BOTTLES: New York, Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1970.

Sade, Stanley, editor. The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music: London, Macmillan Press Ltd. Sweetman, D. Van Gough: His Life and His Art: New York, 1990.

finish bottle [Figure 21]. It has a window on the front through which the ACL illustration of (King) Krol II (1076-1079) of Poland can be seen magnified by the vodka [Figure 22].

AFTERWORD The reader should be aware that 3-D bottles are not exclusive with just vodka containers. In the current distilled-spirits market, vodka dominates with 26.5 percent share; rum has 13 percent; gin 7 percent; and tequila’s share is 5.1 percent. Each of these segments of the market has their own 3-D bottles.

Other categories of distilled spirits (40.4 percent of the market) such as whiskey, cognac, and the other “brown” goods also sometimes use 3-D bottles.

•••••••••• Another point of interest for collectors is the Russian Vodka Museum in Moscow [Figure 23]. It was opened in 2006 and currently has more than 50,000 bottles of the national drink on display. It showcases many special versions of the drink, including some in bottles produced more than two centuries ago.

Figure 23

The museum also features a collector’s edition bottle made to commemorate those

Periodicals: Nordstrom, Louise. “Sweden’s message in a bottle: Absolut is for sale.” San Diego Union-Tribune, March 2, 2007.

Majors, Stephan. “A variety of vodkas.”

San Diego Union-Tribune, November 18, 2006.

Internet: http://www.mosnews.com/news/2006/10/ 24/vodka.shtml http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/ bizfinance/biz/features/10816 http://wwwabsolutad.com/absolut_about/ history/story/ http://www.fbworld.com/VincentVodka.htm http://columbia.thefreedictionarty.com/ Van+Gogh+Vincent http://www.vodkamuseum.ru/english/ history/ http://wwww3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/ chopin.html h t t p : / / w w w. m i l l e n i u m i m p o r t . c o m / index.php?Belvedere/Vodkas h t t p : / / w w w. k r o l v o d k a . c o m / krol_story_home.html Fair use notice: Some material in this article was originally published by the sources above and is copyrighted. The FOHBC, as a nonprofit organization, offers it here as an educational tool to increase further understanding and discussion of bottle collecting and related history. We believe this constitutes “fair use” of the copyrighted material as provided for in Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Law. If you wish to use this material for purposes of your own that go beyond “fair use,” you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s).

Cecil Munsey 13541 Willow Run Road Poway, CA 92064-1733 (858) 487-7036 cecilmunsey@cox.net

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Collecting Colored Blobtop Beers

By David Tingen My interest in colored blobtops started in the mid 1960s, although I had a fascination with colored glass years before. My first dug bottles were real jewels and, to a 10-year-old, a real find.

Even the lowly Bromo was a thing of beauty when placed in my bedroom window.

Being from the South was somewhat of a challenge to a collector of the beer-style colored blobs and much easier for the soda collector. The great variety of colored sodas found in the coastal cities of the Carolinas and Georgia gave me hope that I might find those same brilliant colors for my collection. Even though North Carolina has some nice amber bottles, the biggest variety of colors is found mainly in the Northeast and Midwest with nice shades of green in the West.

My first real exposure to color was at the early Baltimore and Keene shows. Luckily, there were just a handful of collectors with the same interest as mine. Availability and variety was good and the prices reasonable. Oh, how I long for those days. In recent years the supply has become more limited and the prices are up from what they were early on. This is a good indicator of the ever-increasing popularity of our hobby. It is also a good indicator that they are a worthwhile investment. The show that piqued my interest was the national show in St. Louis. There were fantastic colors from all over the Midwest with a number to choose from. I remember buying a number of mint Andrae (Port Huron) cobalt quarts for $75 each. Some folks thought I was a little crazy for paying such a price. I like the return on my investment; but better yet, I enjoy having these early acquisitions in my collection.

Since there are hundreds of bottles in the blobtop beer category, a collection can be built on the basis of geography, color shade, bottle style or embossing type. For instance, in the Boston area alone, one could amass a collection of shades of green and have over 100 items in the collection with over 25 of them being emerald. The same would be true for the Chicago area with the dark green (black glass) shades. St. Louis would probably have one of the widest varieties of unusual shades of green. In addition to the color being specific to city there is also a regional identity.

The majority of the cobalt bottles seem to come from areas near the shipping trade. Such areas would be: Detroit, Chicago, La Porte and Port Huron. Another popular region for cobalt blue is Eastern Pennsylvania with examples known from Wilkes-Barre and Allentown. Upstate New York seems to have the highest concentration of beautiful amber, straw and olive tones. Small towns such as Attica, Norwich and Oswego were all contributors.

Philadelphia had relatively few colored examples compared to other large cities, but there were some brilliant examples from that area. By far, the most difficult big city for nice color is New York. The West Coast has the truest red-amber examples mostly from the San Francisco area. The Pacific coast cedar green is found from Los Angeles to Seattle.

If one has a desire to be more specific with a collection, there are colored examples with picture embossing. Such an example is the Quandt, Troy, New York or possibly Anheuser- Busch from

multiple locations. Elias from New York has a variety of colors.

The most prolific bottler of all time had to be J. Gahm from Boston.

The mug-embossed bottles came in at least 20 different shades of ambers and greens with multiple bottle types and embossing styles.

Another option is name specific with a variety of colors available.

Schroeder’s and Columbia from St. Louis can by themselves make a beautiful collection. Fred Freer from Chicago offers several shades including cobalt blue, kelly green and red amber. There are also bottlers from great cities like Detroit that have the same variety.

My love of collecting continues today and I still attend shows whenever I can. Thanks to the Federation, I am allowed to share my interests with fellow collectors. You never know what might show up, so keep looking. Although I have over 500 colored examples, I know there have to be even more out there.

Note: for the purpose of this article a blobtop is described as being of a non-crowntop form and having a true blob, tooled blob, loop seal or other tooled top with a beer rather than soda shape.

David Tingen 3/22/07 All Rights Reserved

Ralph Van Brocklin admiring David Tingen’s bottles.

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Amber bottles from upstate New York.

Splits in assorted colors.

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St. Louis green bottles.

Southern amber bottles.

Above: Miscellaneous colored bottles.

Left: Chicago black glass.

Right: Fred Freer, Chicago, Illinois, colored quarts.

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Top right: Midwest quarts. Top left: Boston, Mass., bottles. Middle: Shelf of Gahm bottles in many colors. Bottom right: Lebkughner, New York, aqua bottle. Above: More Gahm bottles.

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Top left: Bottles from Eastern Pa. Top right: Green and blue bottles from Boston, Mass. Middle photos: Cabinets of bottles in David Tingen’s collection. Bottom left: More bottles, close-up. Above center: Another cabinet full of colorful bottles. Right: Western quarts in green.

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Fig. 5: Kuebler Stang beer stein.

Figure 6: Pabst Beer stein.

Figure 7: Pabst Beer mug.

Figure 14: Sehring 1905 stein with lady.

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Fig. 10: Heidelberg Beer stein.

Figure 8: Mexican Brewery mug.

Figure 15: Sehring 1907 stein with flow blue design.

Fig. 13: Sehring 1901 “calendar� stein.

Figure 11: Consumer Brewery stein.

Figure 16: Grain Belt beer stein.

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Hugo Thuemler: “Hausmaler” to America

By Jack Sullivan Special to Bottles and Extras Highly decorated beer steins have been associated with Germany from time immemorial. During the early period of their manufacture in the 17 th Century, painting was done by “hausmalers,” German artists who worked in home studios decorating blank bodies furnished by porcelain factories. Although Hugo Thuemler used more advanced techniques, he was the closest thing to a hausmaler America has produced and his company’s attractive and antique ceramics are found and collected nationwide.

Thuemler was born in 1847, almost certainly in Germany where he probably learned the craft of decorating steins and mugs. During his youth, German manufacturers developed a process of transfer printing that allowed more mass production of decorated steins. A picture was printed in glaze colors on tissue paper that was then positioned on the stein body.

Firing burned away the paper and at the same time fixed the glaze colors onto the ceramic surface.

Hugo Comes to America Exactly when Thuemler arrived in the U.S. is unclear, but he brought with him the Old World knowledge of decorating both pottery and glass. In 1894, when he was 45 years old, he is recorded as living in Rochester, Pennsylvania, a Beaver Valley river town not far from Pittsburgh [Figure 1]. His occupation then was listed as “salesman.” Likely a boarding house arrangment, he resided at the Masonic Temple. A Miss Anna Thuemler, possibly his sister, was recorded by the census at the same address.

By 1896 Thuemler apparently had become the manager of a lumber company in Rochester. The Wheeling W.Va. Register in that year reported that Hugo had been in town talking to local businessmen about erecting a plant in West Virginia devoted to the “decorating and etching of glassware.” He seemed to have impressed the locals. The newspaper headline read, “New Industry of Considerable Importance to be Located Here.” The article also reported that Thuemler would resign from the Rochester lumber mill and run the

Wheeling operation as its owner. For unknown reasons, the enterprise never came off. Hugo stayed in Rochester. Two years later, in 1898, a Rochester area business and professional guide carried a notice for the Thuemler Manufacturing Co., which described itself as a “manufacturer of novelties, decorators of china and glassware.” A Rochester mark is found on many Thuemler pieces [Figure 2].

Hugo Relocates to Pittsburgh Details about Thuemler’s personal life and his business operations are at best sketchy. For reasons unknown, by 1901 he had relocated his operation out of Rochester. Pittsburgh directories for that and subsequent years indicate that his company now was headquartered in the Second National Bank building in suburban Sewickley, Pa. The directory indicates that his decorators worked there. Listed as chairman of the firm, Thuemler also maintained a second address, probably a sales office, at 1507 Liberty Avenue in Pittsburgh. At this time, his wares began to bear a “Pittsburg” (the official spelling for a short time) pottery mark [Figure 3].

Thuemler’s firm filled an evident need for American breweries. Many of their proprietors had come from Germany and the idea of advertising through steins and mugs was strong. In the past such items

Figure 2: Thuemler’s Figure 3: Thuemler’s Pittsburg mark.

Rochester mark.

had to be ordered from German suppliers with added cost and delay. Now Thuemler’s output filled that gap. He was a New World hausmaler, buying stoneware blanks from local potteries and putting his decorators to work doing the transfer printing for his customers.

A prime example of his customer base was the Kuebeler-Stang Brewery of Sandusky, Ohio. The Kuebeler boys, Jacob and August, were natives of Hesse in Germany. The eldest, Jacob, was born in 1838 and came to the U.S.A. in 1860.

Employed briefly by an Akron beer maker, he later moved to Sandusky and worked several years for another brewery. In 1867 Jacob struck out on his own and formed a partnership with brother August establishing his own Sandusky brewery.

They incorporated it later as the Jacob Kuebeler Brewing and Malting Company.

Within a few years the Kuebelers built a plant that one observer said: “...resembled the palace of an European monarch... The

Figure 1: Postcard views of Rochester, Pa.

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Figure 4: The Kuebeler-Stang Brewery.

ornate tower was the dominant landmark in the west end of Sandusky.” [Figure 4] In 1896, following a fire in another Sandusky brewery owned by the Stang Brothers, the two firms merged. Jacob Kuebeler became president and John Stang vice president. The new entity was called the Kuebeler-Stang Brewing and Malting Company. Its principal brand was Crystal Rock Beer, so named because its water reputedly came from Crystal Rock Spring, five miles away. When the owners desired creation of a highly decorated beer stein advertising the spring water origins of their brew, they went to Thuemler. His decorators designed a stein of considerable distinction [Figure 5]. By 1904, however, the spring had been just about pumped dry and quietly was replaced by Lake Erie water from Sandusky Bay. The change apparently went unnoticed by consumers.

German-owned Breweries & American Eagles The fact that Thuemler himself was of German birth probably assisted his sales.

He was also listed for a number of years as a member of the German-American Society of Technologists, indicating a certain pride in his national origin. But he also seems to have specialized in patriotic depictions of the American eagle and Old Glory for his wares. Note the theme set by the Pabst “Union” stein [Figure 6]. Another German, Jacob Best, had founded this brewery in Milwaukee in 1844. Fred Pabst was a steamer captain who married into the Best family and eventually took charge of the operation. Pabst changed its name to the Pabst Brewing Company and rapidly built it into the Nation’s largest brewery.

Pabst became a particularly strong customer of Thuemler, commissioning steins, beer mugs [Figure 7] and mini-mug match strikers. Indicating the international nature of his business, Hugo used a similar design

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for a Mexican beer [Figure 8]. In a takeoff from the well-known Schlitz beer slogan about Milwaukee this mug in Spanish claims that Moctezuma is the beer “that made Oirzaba famous.”

Thuemler created American patriotic decoration on ceramics for several breweries, including the American Brewery of St. Louis [Figure 9], Heidelberg brand [Figure 10] and Consumers Brewery of Erie, Pa. [Figure 11]. All had German ties and Heidelberg’s beer ads boasted that it was made “The old German way.”

Figure 17: King Gambrinus handle.

Figure 12: Drawing of Fred Sehring Brewery.

Another major client with strong German ties was the Fred Sehring Brewery of Joliet, Illinois. The founder, Frederick Sehring, was born in Hesse, Darmstadt in 1834 and came to the U.S. when he was 13, settling near Joliet. After a career in the hotel business and as county treasurer, he purchased an interest in the Columbia Brewery in 1867. Coming into full ownership in 1883, he became president and changed its name to the Fred Sehring Brewing Co. Under his leadership the brewery became one of the largest and most modern in Illinois [Figure 12]. With Frederick’s death in 1892, his son, Louis, who had been superintendent of the brewery, took over. Right after the turn of the century Louis commissioned a number of items from Thuemler, including steins with annual calendars (1901), a Victorian beauty (1905), and a striking flow blue design (1907). [Figures 13-15].

A Bavarian immigrant and brewer by trade, brewer Christopher Stahlmann went in search of caves and clean spring-fed water along the Mississippi until finding the brewery’s ideal location in St. Paul, Minnesota. He started a brewery which merged in 1891 with three other small area breweries to form the Minneapolis Brewing Company. The company’s flagship beer was Grain Belt Golden, introduced in 1893.

Like his German brewer colleagues, Stahlmann commissioned a striking stein from Thuemler. The transfer is crisp and well designed and the gold trim has been

added by hand. [Figure 16] The handle of this vessel, also found on other Thuemler products, featured a ceramic portrait of King Gambrinus [Figure 17]. Gambrinus was a storied German royal and is the unofficial patron saint of beer and brewing [Figure 18]. German legends dating from the 1500s claimed that the king learned the art of making beer from Isis, the ancient Egyptian goddess of motherhood and fertility.

Figure 18: King Gambrinus.

Other Thuemler Products Although beer steins and mugs are Thuemler’s best-known products, his decorators also turned out a large line of transfer printed ceramic items for Victorian tourist sites, fairs and expositions, anniversaries, and non-beer companies. A wide variety of root beer mugs and steins also bear the Thuemler mark on the base,

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Figure 19: Thuemler root beer mugs.

Figure 22: Puritan Rye canteen jug.

including four shown here. [Figure 19].

Thuemler also made a series of whiskey jugs. Four such have come to light, Puritan Rye for D. Sach & Co. of Louisville [Figure 20], Faultless Pure Rye for S. Stansberg of Baltimore, and Compliments of C. Knoepper of Indianapolis. Finally, shown here, is a jug commissioned by Henry Meyer of Terre Haute, Ind., showing a vivacious lady crashing through the jug surface [Figures 21, 22]. These jugs all have a canteen shape and, unlike other Thuemler products, are decorated on porcelain rather than stoneware bodies.

Among sparse details about Hugo Thuemler, we know that in Sewickley he lived in the Elmhurst Inn, originally a private mansion. It was located in an area of the town that had seen many fancy homes built in the mid-19th century but was in decline by the 1890s. The house had been enlarged and turned into a boarding house and hotel. [Figure 23] According to his obituary in the Philadelphia Inquirer, Thuemler died at the Elmhurst Inn on September 1, 1908, at the age of 61. Cause of death was listed as “acute indigestion,” which raises speculation about the quality of cooking at the Inn. The paper reported he had been president of the Thuemler Glass Manufacturing Company. After 1908, references to the firm disappear from Pittsburgh directories. Extensive research at libraries in Rochester, Pittsburgh and Sewickley has failed to reveal further information.

Despite the lack of data about him and his firm, Hugo Thuemler will not be forgotten so long as the many ceramic items that he produced continue to be avidly collected. Because his company vanished

Figure 21: Meyer canteen whiskey jug/front.

with Thuemler’s death, most of his products have attained or are approaching 100-yearold antique status. Many bear striking designs and all readily can be identified by their marks. Some items now fetch as much as $550 at auction. With time they will grow even more prized and valuable. As hausmaler to America, Thuemler — whatever else his life might have been — was a success. In his memory, let’s hoist a stein to Hugo. Prost!

Figure 22: Meyer canteen whiskey jug/back.

Figure 23: The Elmhurst Inn, Sewickley, Pa.

************* Notes: Thanks go to librarians and researchers in Pennsylvania who diligently searched on my behalf city directories, newspaper indexes and census data for information about Thuemler but could find only sparse references. None of the newspapers in Rochester, Sewickley or Pittsburgh apparently carried stories about his enterprises or even his obituary. The

Internet yielded information about the breweries, many of them now defunct.

Thanks go to ePodunk for permission to use the postcard view of Rochester, and to Don and Betsy Yates, authors of the highly informative Ginger Beer and Root Beer Heritage, for the photo of Thuemler’s root beer steins. Portions of this article originally appeared in the Ohio Swirl.

Jack Sullivan 4300 Ivanhoe Place Alexandria, VA 22304

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The Dating Game: Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co.

By Bill Lockhart, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey History H.D. Thatcher & Co. (1883 to at least 1894) Dr. Hervey D. Thatcher, a Potsdam, New York, druggist, is frequently described as the father of the milk bottle. Evidently a practical chemist as well as an inventor, he developed Thatcher’s Orange Butter Color1 in 1881, which he sold from his drug store – an operation that paid particular attention to supplying the dairy trade (Thatcher 1883). What made his lasting reputation, however, was a series of inventions intended to bring sanitary practices to the milk industry. Thatcher himself did not invent the first milk bottle, or even the first “modern” milk bottle. Nor did he ever manufacture glass. But he put the first Common-Sense milk bottle on the market, and the company that he founded became the most important milk bottle manufacturer of the 20th century.

Prior to the invention of the milk bottle, dairy wagons delivered “loose” milk in large, metal containers. At each stop, the milkman would use a dipper to transfer milk from the cans to the housewife’s pitcher. In many parts of the U.S., this method of delivery continued into the 20th century. According to a local legend, Thatcher became interested in sanitary conditions in the milk trade when he “observ[ed] a little girl drop a soiled rag doll into an open ten gallon container of milk that a milkman was using to deliver milk door to door” (Gallagher and Munsey 1969:332). A more prosaic recollection is provided by Thatcher himself. In a letter written on July 1, 1919, he recalled a conversation, years earlier, with a local dairyman: He said when he started to deliver milk in the morning, the cream would rise to the top (the dip can) so that the first served got a surplus of cream, and as he each time removed the cover, some dirt from the street, some hair from the horses would each time sift into the milk, so that when he reached the last customers, they were served skim milk with all kinds of foreign matter

that had sifted in while on his route (Thatcher, in Rawlinson 1969:19).

Thatcher’s first effort toward milk sanitation was the “Milk Protector,” a covered milk pail with two sleeve funnels in which the teats were inserted during milking, thus preventing hair, dirt and insects from contaminating the milk (Thatcher 1883; Figure 1). He called this invention the Thatcher Milk Protector, and patented it in 1883. He then turned his attention to a method of getting the milk from the barn to the consumer without it being contaminated in the process.

Although the first patented milk bottle appeared in 1875,2 it was not until Thatcher invented a milk jar – soon vastly improved by his associates – that the delivery of bottled milk became practical (Gallagher & Munsey 1969:332; Scharnowske 1998:6; Tutton 1994:2-3, 6). Thatcher’s container became so popular that he was called the father of the milk bottle, and the container was embossed “THATCHER MILK PROTECTOR” on the front [Figure 2].

Although this embossing may actually have referred to the pail, the bottle became accepted by that name. By 1885, Thatcher was advertising his milk protector as “the ONLY PLAN KNOWN that secures to the consumer ABSOLUTELY PURE MILK in such manner that it can be kept sweet for several days, furnish a good coat of cream and is handy to use. . . . THE SEALED BOTTLES are easy for the patron to store as they can be kept in a refrigerator without imbibing its odor” (Tutton 1994:8).3 In his 1919 letter, Thatcher noted that he “turned with my own hands at the lathe a wooden mould, including the wood stopper, for the [Milk Protector] milk bottles” and got it through the patent process in Washington, D.C. 4 He

Fig. 2

Figure 1

54

July-August 2007

personally took the wooden prototype to the Whitall Tatum factory at Millville, New Jersey “and asked them to get out the goods.” Thatcher took some bottles home with him and ordered “a quantity” of them to be delivered (Thatcher, in Rawlinson 1969:18-19).

The Milk Protector was originally sealed by a Lightning-style fastener that held a metal lid in place by a wire arrangement that allowed the lid to be tilted off the top of the bottle and replaced to resecure the seal. Thatcher and his partner, Harvey P. Barnhart, also patented a simplified wire and metal arrangement with a domed glass lid on April 27, 1886 (Patent #340,833; Figure 3). These were apparently used on subsequent versions of the Milk Protector.

Gallagher (1969:50) suggested that Thatcher patented the “common sense milk jar,” which used the cap seat and ligneous disks as a seal, on September 17, 1889. In fact, the actual patent (411,368) for the ligneous disk sealer was registered by his associates, Harvey P. Barnhart and Samuel L. Barnhart [Figure 4].5 The Barnharts noted that their invention was intended for:

Figure 3

Figure 4

bottles used by milk dealers in delivering milk to consumers, the bottles being left with the consumer and returned to the dealer after the contents have been used, the bottle being thus of necessity repeatedly washed and refilled. To this end it must be capable of easy filling and emptying and devised particularly with a view to ease and certainty of thorough cleansing (Patent 411,368).

The inventors thoroughly discredited the metal and glass lids in use at the time and suggested that their invention would solve the inherent cleaning problems with the earlier closures [Figure 5]. They suggested instead a “thin wafer-like disk or cap” that would seal on “an offset or shoulder . . . to form a seat for the disk” inside the neck of the bottle [Figure 6]. The “ligneous disk” was to be made from “clean tasteless inodorous white soft wood” that was “then immersed in boiling paraffin to thoroughly impregnate the grain” (Patent 411,368). By at least 1895, Thatcher advertised these bottles as the “CommonSense Milk Bottle” (Cultivator and Country Gentleman 1895), although that term was not included on the patent document.

^ Figure 5

Figure 6 >

Bottles and Extras According to Scharnowske (1998:1), the initial company was called H.D. Thatcher & Co., in business from 1883 to ca. 1885. Milk jars were only marketed to a single dealer in each town and only then if the dairy also bought the Thatcher Milk Protector (pails). Although a new corporation began ca. 1889 (see below) H.D. Thatcher & Co. actually continued to operate in some form. The company registered trademark 24,338 on March 13, 1894. The actual termination date for the company is currently unknown.

Thatcher Mfg. Co. (ca. 1889-1946) Thatcher incorporated the Thatcher Manufacturing Co., a New York corporation in 1889 (Moody 1921:615).

The corporation was evidently created to manufacture milk bottle caps and other Thatcher products, especially Orange Butter Color, which it did for two decades (Hoard’s Dairyman 1908). It also sold the milk bottles, which were actually manufactured for Thatcher by Whitall Tatum & Co., Millville, New Jersey (Rawlinson 1970:19, 22). The future, however, lay entirely with the milk bottles, and it was not Dr. Thatcher who was to take the company in that direction.

At the turn of the century, control of the corporation was purchased by Francis E. Baldwin and a group of investors.6 Baldwin – in prior business life, a lawyer – took direct control in 1902, and soon turned the floundering company into an efficient and profitable operation. In June, 1903, Baldwin heard about the Owens automatic bottle machine and determined to investigate it as the means of producing milk bottles directly. A few months later, he saw the machine in operation at Toledo.

He was so impressed that he closed a contract for the exclusive use of the machine for milk bottles. The contract required liberal financing and it was not until a year later, or in September, 1904, that he had sufficient funds for a factory and to pay the Owens people as well. A factory building was at once erected in Kane, Pennsylvania. (Glass Container 1927:38).

The Kane operation was variously listed as the Kane Milk Bottle Co. or the BaldwinTravis Glass Co. In any case, the plant was intended – at least initially – as a separate entity that would manufacture bottles to be distributed by Thatcher. The reason was clearly that the Thatcher stockholders were leery of the huge capital investment

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55

necessary, so hard on the heels of the company’s new-found stability (National Glass Budget 1904; American Glass Review 1934:167).

The principals were Baldwin and H. E. Travis, and it was as Baldwin-Travis that the company secured the license from Owens on September 16, 1904: It seems that a Francis E. Baldwin, who was both the president and treasurer of Thatcher, had intended that Baldwin-Travis . . . would make the bottles which Thatcher would sell. As the National Glass Budget predicted on November 19, 1904, the two companies soon combined under the Thatcher name. H. E. Travis, with whom Baldwin had associated to obtain the Owens license, was a practical glass manufacturer who had been superintendent at the Fidelity Glass Company in 1903 and who later established his own plant and made milk bottles by hand process (Scoville 1948:104-105).7 If it was intended that Travis’ experience as a practical glass maker would ensure the successful inauguration of the new factory, that proved not to be the case. The installation was plagued with problems from the outset. According to J. A. Arrandale, a longtime Thatcher employee, “The first year of their glass making experience was somewhat of a nightmare. It was almost a complete failure. They had made virtually millions of bottles, none of which were commercial” (Arrandale, in Rawlinson 1969:22-23).

The Owens machine was a new technology, being tried on a new type of bottle for the first time, and no one had the understanding to bring the machines into effective production. It was only when Baldwin hired R. W. Niver, a young engineer, that the company was able to begin successful operation. It is not altogether clear when this occurred, but since they were not yet in production in March, 1905, the earliest possible date for the beginning of commercial bottle manufacture by Thatcher would be later in that year (Rawlinson 1969:22-23; National Glass Budget 1905).

Thatcher stressed the quality of what the ads called “the Thatcher method” (actually improvements created by the Owens machine). The ads noted structural improvements, especially “uniform thickness” of the glass, claiming that a Thatcher bottle “breaks less readliy than the ordinary milk bottles.” The ads also stressed the “accurate capacity” of Thatcher bottles, a leap in quality that handmade bottles simply could not match (e.g., Milk Dealer 1912; Figure 7).

Meanwhile, Baldwin had already moved to merge the BaldwinTravis operation with Thatcher. Not surprisingly, the union was opposed by some of the Thatcher shareholders, who unsuccessfully sought an injunction to block the merger. It is notable that Thatcher at that time was capitalized at $50,000 and Baldwin-Travis at $1,500,000 (Syracuse Herald 1905). Given the problems with the Owens machines, the investors’ concerns were predictable.

But with success at Kane, Thatcher entered a new and successful era.

Thatcher expanded in 1908, building a second plant at Ottawa, Illinois, but it soon moved to Streator, Illinois, because of a nearby fuel source. In 1912, a third plant was opened at Elmira, New York, where the main office had been moved at the end of 1904 (Toulouse 1971:496-498; National Glass Budget 1904).

In 1909, the “Thatcher-Baldwin Co.” was listed as having four Owens machines, all in Kane, Pennsylvania. The Kane plant still

Fig. 7

operated four machines in 1910, and Streator had two. In addition, four new Owens machines were to go to a new Thatcher plant in New Jersey the next year, but these were apparently deferred to the Elmira plant. By 1913, Thatcher was listed as manufacturing “fruit jars and milk”8 bottles using the Owens machine and six continuous tanks. The following year the Elmira, Streator and Kane plants were each listed as having four machines, all making “milk jars.” The most detailed inventory of Thatcher’s Owens machines is from late 1916, when Kane and Streator each had four 6-arm machines, while Elmira had four 6-arm and two 10arm machines (Hayes 1909:1; National Glass Budget 1910a:1; Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1913:954; 1914:864; Milk Dealer 1916; Palmer et al. 1917:213).

The largest expansion in Thatcher history occurred in 1920, when Baldwin negotiated the purchase of four rival companies: Essex Glass Co. (factories at Dunkirk, New York, Mt. Vernon, Ohio and Parkersburg, West Virginia), Travis Glass Co. (Cedar Grove and Clarksburg, West Virginia), Lockport Glass Co. (Lockport, New York), the Woodbury Glass Co. (Winchester, Indiana), and the milk bottle business and Hartford-Fairmont (later Hartford-Empire) machine and license of J. T. & A. Hamilton Co. of Pittsburgh. Although the deal allowed Thatcher to take over much of its competition, the real objective was to acquire exclusive rights to the new Hartford-Empire machines for milk bottles, then held by the acquired companies. To arrange for the $3,000,000 acquisition, Baldwin negotiated substantial loans from E. D. Libby and other investors. He then took Thatcher public, offering $2,000,000 worth of bonds to cover the purchases (Moody 1921:615; 1924:1010; Glass Container 1927:42, 44; New York

56 Times 1920).

Thatcher was clearly in transition from relying on Owens machines to the more user-friendly press-and-blow machines.

Soon, the Owens machines were no longer used for milk bottle manufacture.

Empirical evidence suggests that Owens machines were mostly eliminated by 1925, the last date code we have found on an Owens-made bottle with a Thatcher logo.

The dramatic 1920 expansion, however, attracted the attention of the Federal Trade Commission, and it began an investigation of the transactions. In 1923, it held that the stock transfers involved (the basis for the acquisitions) were conducted to materially reduce competition and were thus unlawfully acquired. Thatcher was therefore ordered to divest itself of the Essex, Lockport, Travis and Woodbury properties. Thatcher appealed this ruling to the district court, but lost. Thatcher then appealed to the Supreme Court, which in 1926 ruled that while the stock was illegally acquired, the FTC had no authority to order the company to divest itself of material property. The divestment order was consequently moot (272 U.S. 554; Yale Law Review 1934).

Thatcher meanwhile had closed the Kane, Mt. Vernon, Clarksburg and Winchester factories between 1923 and 1926. The company later closed the Parkersburg and Dunkirk plants, but in 1933 it acquired the Peerless Glass Co. with a factory in Long Island City, New York (Toulouse 1971).

For bottle collectors, probably the most interesting development of the 1930s was the introduction of applied color labels.

This labeling technique – called “pyroglazing” by Thatcher – was reportedly “demonstrated” by the company in 1932 [Figure 8]. Their first ads for the process, and presumably it’s first appearance on their bottles, was in March, 1934 (Food Industries 1935:117; Milk Dealer 1934; Milk Plant Monthly 1934).

The most significant development for the company in this era, however, followed from its 1935 acquisition of the capital stock of the Olean Glass Co., Olean, New York. Thatcher control of this plant initially seemed of little note, since the company announced that the Olean operation would continue to manufacture “containers for beer, carbonated beverages, cider, foodstuffs, oils, polishes, proprietary medicines and vinegars” (Glass Packer 1935:574). This opened up an entirely new

July-August 2007 venue for Thatcher. However, the Olean plant retained its own identity until Thatcher acquired complete ownership in 1943. Olean became a division of Thatcher effective Jan. 1, 1944 (Olean Times Herald 1943; Wall Street Journal 1944).

Thatcher’s acquisition of Olean was part of a plan to diversify the company, long dependent on milk bottles as its only product. Franklin B. Pollack was a man of vision in the Thatcher hierarchy. Along with some associates, Pollack began buying Thatcher stock in 1943, until his group had acquired a working control of the firm (20% of the stock). At that point, they began revising the Thatcher procedure to diversify (Abele 1960). Thatcher began advertising non-milk bottles in 1944 (Food Packer Figure 8

Bottles and Extras 1944:57).

As part of a revamping of the Olean plant in 1944, Thatcher installed “equipment for the manufacture of amber beer bottles” (Gingold 1945:11; Figure 9).

By the end of the first year, Thatcher had “turned out millions of beer bottles including Steinies, Export and One-Ways, the new single trip bottle.” The company even planned to renovate part of its Streator, Illinois, factory for beer bottle manufacture.

Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co. (1946-1966) The company changed its name to Thatcher Glass Manufacturing Co. Inc. in 1946 (Wall Street Journal 1946). The company moved its corporate headquarters from Elmira to New York City in 1957. By

Bottles and Extras

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57

possible year of production. In 1889, the bottle section of the business transferred to the Thatcher Mfg. Co. THE THATCHER MANUFACTURING COMPANY (19051909) Knipp (1990:4) showed a rubbing of this mark from a bottle in his collection. He stated that he believed the bottle to have been made “c. 1905, early in the Thatcher manufacturing history, by virtue of their being machine made with very shallow cap seats and tin tops.” The mark Figure 10 consisted of “THE THATCHER MANUFACTURING” in an arch and “COMPANY” in an inverted arch, to form a complete circle around the edge of the base [Figure 10]. The bottle was almost certainly made during the pre-date-code era of Thatcher machine manufacture: 1905-1909.

1960, Thatcher became one of the driving forces behind the push toward non-returnable bottle use in the soft drink industry, and it ranked 5th in the glass container industry – behind Owens-Illinois, Hazel-Atlas, Anchor-Hocking, and Brockway (Abele 1960).

Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co. (1966-1981) Thatcher Glass Corp. (1981-1985) In 1966 Thatcher was acquired by Rexall Drug & Chemical Co. (later Dart Industries, then Dart & Kraft Inc.), of which it became a division. It was sold in 1981 to Dominick & Dominick (Wall Street Journal 1966; 1981). Thereafter it operated as the Thatcher Glass Corp.

Thatcher declared bankruptcy at the end of 1985, and Diamond-Bathurst, Inc. acquired its remaining assets (Barlett & Steele 1992; Owen-Illinois 2001).

Bottles & Marks H.D.T. & CO. POTSDAM, N.Y. (1884-1889) This mark was embossed in a plate mold on the reverse side of one of the early Thatcher Milk Protector bottles. Although these early bottles were made by Whitall Tatum & Co., Thatcher’s initials were included from ca. 1883 to ca. 1885 (Scharnowske 1998:1; Tutton [1997]:6). Potsdam, New York, was Thatcher’s earliest location and was not a glass factory.

We feel a date range of ca. 1884 to 1889 is more likely.

Thatcher’s letter (discussed above) implied that he took his prototype bottle to Whitall-Tatum in 1884, making that the earliest

THATCHER MF’G CO. (1905-1909) A milk bottle offered on an eBay auction was embossed on the base THATCHER MF’G CO. (arch) / 7 / {illegible two-digit code}.

An obvious Owens scar encircled the base of the letters [Figure 11].

Although we currently know little about the mark, it was used during the Owens machine period of Thatcher. Since the lower two digits are illegible, we cannot tell if they were date codes. However, the marking is similar to one discussed below that was Figure 11 embossed with an “8” in the center and may be from the same era. It is even possible that the “7” and “8s” are early Thatcher date codes for 1907 and 1908. This mark was probably used between 1905 and 1909.

THATCHER MF’G CO. POTSDAM, N.Y. (1889-1905) According to Giarde (1980:112-114), this mark was used “possibly 1880’s-1890’s.” This would indicate bottles made for Thatcher by Whitall Tatum & Co.; Thatcher did not actually manufacture bottles until 1905. Giarde (1980:116) noted that dating Thatcher bottles was “an extremely inexact undertaking on bottles made before 1920” and admitted that he had made “no visual confirmation” of this mark.

Scharnowske (1998:1-2), however, noted the use of the mark (always with POTSDAM, N.Y.) on at least three variations of the Thatcher Milk Protector in both quart and pint sizes. Some of these were also marked PAT. SEPT. 17, 1889, or with abbreviations for the year (on Common Sense milk bottles). Scharnowske dated the bottles without the patent date from 1885 to 1889. Although he offered no date range for the later bottles, all we have seen were mouth blown, thereby predating 1906.

T.M’F’G.Co. (ca. 1890-1919) Giarde (1980:112) dated this mark from the 1890s to ca. 1917.

As mentioned above, these early marks are difficult to date.

However, Giarde (1980:117) also stated that most bottles fit into

58 the 1889-1914 period, but dated bottles are as late as 1919. The only Thatcher ad we have seen that mentions this mark is from October 1916. It refers to “Milk bottles with the ‘T.Mfg.Co.’ on the bottom” (Milk Dealer 1916b). Note that this logo has a large temporal overlap with the next mark below. All T.’F’G.Co. marks are found on bottle bases.

This mark appeared in three configurations that we can confirm: 1. T. M’F’G Co. (arch) / PAT. SEPT. 17TH 1889 (inverted arch) – mouth-blown bottles; the “o” in “Co” can be either capital or lower case [Figure 12] 2. T. M’F’G Co. PAT. SEPT. 17TH 1889 in a complete circle around the outside edge of the base – mouth-blown bottles; lower case “o” in “Co” 3. T. M’F’G CO horizontally across the base – Owens scar [Figure 13] Date codes accompany most but not all of the #3 configuration. In all cases we have observed or have seen reported, the date code is embossed below the logo. Since the Owens scar sometimes distorted the logo, it is frequently difficult to distinguish this mark from the one without the apostrophes (discussed below). The authors have seen date codes accompanying the horizontal variation (#3) of this mark ranging from “10” (1910) to “18” (1918), although these, too, were often distorted by the Owens scar. Giarde added a reported date code of “19” (1919).

T.MFG.Co. (ca. 1900-1925) According to Giarde (1980:112), this mark was used from ca. 1910 to 1924. This form and the T M’F’G.Co. logo described above are very similar and are frequently difficult to distinguish because of weak strikes of the mark and/or distortion because of the Owens scars. Although this is not obvious from his text, Giarde’s dating is primarily based on date codes. This mark is found in at least three configurations.

1. T.MFG.CO. (arch) / S / PAT. SEPT. 17TH 1889 (inverted arch) on an apparently mouth-blown bottle (eBay; Figure 14) 2. T.MFG.CO. (inverted arch) with “8” in the center, Owens scar. (eBay; Figure 15) 3. T.MFG.CO. embossed horizontally across the center of the base with Owens scar [Figure 16] Certainly, the mouth-blown bottles were made prior to the Owens production by the

July-August 2007

Bottles and Extras

Figure 12

Fig. 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Fig 17 >

Kane plant in 1905. The inverted arch variation with an “8” in the center was probably used during the 1905-1909 period, and the “8” may even have been a date code for 1908. Another bottle with a similar or identical mark was described on eBay. Although we have only seen date codes placed below the logo on the Owens-scarred bottles, sellers on eBay have reported date codes above the logo. Reported and observed date codes range from 1911 to 1925 (the latter bottle in the collection of one of the authors). One bottle listed on eBay was embossed 17 above the logo and 11 below it.

Albert Morin (personal communication 2/19/2007) has a milk bottle embossed “T MFG CO” with date code of “09.” Another milk bottle in his collection has an acidetched Massachusetts seal date coded “1908” along with the “T MFG CO” mark on the base but no accompanying Thatcher date code. This makes 1909 the year of probable adoption for date codes, likely late in the year. The totaled information suggests a use range of date-coded marks from 1909 to 1925. However, the use of the mark on at least one mouth-blown bottle suggests that the mark was first used prior to the adoption of Owens machine. Since mouth-blown bottles with the mark are unusual, they were probably only used for a short time prior to machine adoption. We have selected an arbitrary date of ca. 1900 for the probable earliest use on mouthblown bottles.

TMC (1920-1924) Giarde (1980:112) dated this mark in the early 1920s. Because of inconsistent date code usage, the TMC marks are sometimes difficult to date, but this was the most common mark used from ca. 1920-1923. All Fig. examples of this mark 18 that we have observed lacked punctuation.

The logo was embossed variously on the front heel, back heel, base, or both heelmark and basemark on the same bottle [Figures 17 and 18].

Although numbers that cannot be date codes (e.g., 11 or 63) appear in

Bottles and Extras conjunction with the mark, we have also recorded date codes of 21-24. Although most the bottles reported were machine made with ejection (valve) marks on the bases, we have observed two with the TMC logo and an Owens scar, both on the base.

Although most Thatcher ads of this period depict bottles without showing the marks, an exception occurred in October, 1922, when a bottle was illustrated with this mark on the front heel (Milk Dealer 1922).

Ejection or valve scars (also frequently called marks) are found on the base of bottles made by the press-and-blow method.

In this method, the first step entails the dropping of a gob of glass into the parison mold and pressing it with a plunger to form the finish of the bottle as well as creating a hollow to allow the second stage to work.

The parison is ejected from the mold by a valve or ejection rod, which leaves a small circular scar on the base of the completed milk bottle. The second stage moves the parison to the final mold where compressed air blows the bottle into its completed shape.

To alleviate any doubts that this was an intermediate mark, it appeared in conjunction with the mark that preceded it. On one bottle, the TMC logo was embossed on the heel with T MFG CO. / 21 on the base. The T MFG CO. logo was still in use until 1925 (see above), although it was being phased out in favor of the TMC mark. This combined mark suggests, however, that the TMC logo was in use by 1921. In 1923, the TMC mark was used along with the MTC logo that was adopted at the end of the TMC mark usage (Giarde 1980:117). With a single exception, the TMC mark appeared horizontally on all logos we have seen. The exception was in an inverted arch on a base we observed.

This sort of mark mixing was not unusual. Molds were made in three parts (not including the finish, which could consist of multiple parts): two side pieces and a baseplate. Since the bottles were made to uniform dimensions (at least where the baseplate joined the side pieces), each part of the mold was used until it wore out.

Occasionally, a baseplate with an old logo would still be used, often in conjunction with a newer mark on another part of the bottle – after the older logo had discontinued.

This timing fits perfectly with Thatcher’s acquisition of several former competitors in 1920. Since part of the reason for the massive purchases was to

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acquire the use of the press-and-blow machines, the appearance of the TMC mark on press-and-blow bottles at this time is one of the most intuitive changes we have found.

Some of the TMC marks are embossed on the heels of bottles that have Massachusetts “E” and “L” shoulder seals.

Along with the “T” seal for Massachusetts, Thatcher also used the “L” and “E” seals after the acquisition of Lockport and Essex in 1920 (Brad Blodgett, personal communication 1/25/2007). These were probably only used until the molds for them wore out, although Thatcher certainly acquired rights to the logos along with the companies.

TMCo or TMC Co Although this mark was not recorded

by Giarde, and we have not seen an example, it was reported on two different eBay auctions. In one case, a seller described a bottle with T M C on the back heel and T M Co. 22 on the base. Another seller reported a mark of TMC 11 on the heel and TMC Co on the base. Although both of these are probably mistaken readings, either or both could be engravers’ errors.

MTC [rectangular] (1923-1949+) Giarde (1980:112, 116-117) dated this mark 1923-1949. This was the first mark with what he called regular usage and was the dominant mark from 1923 to 1949, although it has been found on bottles up to at least 1954 [Figures 19 and 20].

Beginning in 1923, the date code may be inside the ejection (valve) mark, often with a letter between the two numbers. About 1935, the date code moved outside the ejection mark on the base. On some bottles, other numbers are embossed on the heels, but these are not date codes. Specifically, a heelcode of 1-11-14 is not a date code.

The MTC logos were most often embossed on the heels of milk bottles, and they are illustrated in that location in Thatcher ads beginning in September, 1923 (Milk Dealer 1923). Theese logos were sometimes placed on bases. We have encountered a single example with the logo embossed on both heel and base. Date codes [Figure 21] and plant codes (see Plant Code section below) were almost always embossed on bottle bases, but they were placed in a complex variety of configurations. The earliest date codes we have encountered were inside the ejection

Figure 19

Figure 20

Figure 21 marks. These were sometimes joined by plant codes, also inside the ejection marks.

The date/plant code combination was embossed in five patterns: 1. Date code split around plant code inside ejection mark (range 3E0 to 3E7) 2. Date code following plant code inside ejection mark (range D24 to L37) 3. Date code inside ejection mark; plant code outside

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4. Plant code inside ejection mark; date code outside 5. Date and plant code both outside the ejection mark (could be any location on base) Sellers on eBay have reported date codes in conjunction with the MTC logo as early as “24” and “25” – both within an ejection mark on the base in the #2 configuration.

The earliest split date code we have encountered was “3E0” and “3D0” (see ranges above). Date codes outside the ejection marks range from at least “26” to at least “47” with a single outlier recorded as “51.”

With a single exception, all of the bottles marked with the MTC logo were made by press-and-blow machines (leaving ejection or valve marks). A single bottle was reported on eBay with MTC-S11 embossed on the heel and an Owens scar on the base.

(1944-1985) According to Giarde (1980:112, 117), this mark was used from 1949 until his book was published in 1980. This is the only mark noted by Toulouse (1971:496), and his illustration did not show the serifs. He dated the mark “1900 to date” (i.e., 1971).

Giarde’s information was obviously researched in much greater depth.

However, neither author was entirely correct.

The serif mark is clearly shown in 1944 ads for Thatcher’s new line of packers’ ware (food bottles) and beer bottles (Food Packer 1944; Modern Brewery Age 1944) and almost certainly represents the Thatcher entry into new product lines that year (Figure 22 – also see Figure 9).

The earliest date code we have observed for the mark was “54,” although our sample for this newer mark is small. Hanlon (1971:617) illustrated an example of this mark in

Figure 22

his 1971 chart. It remained listed in 1982 (Emhart 1982:75). The mark was certainly used until Thatcher closed in 1985.

MTC in a triangular outline According to Giarde (1980:119-120), “The Thatcher mark used after 1923 has been found within a triangle on a one ounce coffee creamer (Rochester Dairy). Use of the surrounding triangle is an oddity for Thatcher.” We have not seen this anomalous mark.

T in the Massachusetts Seal Beginning in December 1900, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts instituted a “seal” law to regulate the capacity of milk bottles. Initially, local jurisdictions etched the seals on individual bottles, noting that each bottle met the standards. In 1909, Massachusetts required that all glass factories selling bottles to dairies within the state mark their containers with a Massachusetts seal. The seals took various forms, and the mark used by Thatcher was “T” (Blodget 2006:8; Schadlich & Schadlich 1984; Schadlich ca. 1990).

The earliest seals, beginning in 1909, were in the form of a slight arch above the front plate mold, embossed “MASS SEAL T.” By at least 1911, a configuration with the same wording was embossed horizontally across the upper back body – although the arched variation may have also continued in use. The final shape, “MASS / T / SEAL” in a circular format, was in use by at least 1914, although Massachusetts law did not require that specific configuration until 1918.

As Thatcher bought other milk bottle manufacturers, it continued to use their seals until the existing molds wore out.

This is notable on a bottle in the Morin collection with the “MASS / L / SEAL” embossed on the shoulder [Figure 23] and the TMC mark of T h a t c h e r appearing on the Figure 23 heel. By 1924, however, the transition appears to be complete. It is also probable that Thatcher used both the seals and marks of the former companies while filling existing orders, probably only during the first year of transition. Most (possibly all) Thatcher milk bottles with Massachusetts seals were made in either the Elmira or Lockport

Bottles and Extras plants, both located in New York.

K9, K-9, or K.9 (ca. 1928-late 1930s) These marks are found on bottles, both with or without a Thatcher mark. These bottles lack date codes, although Giarde (1980:118-119) suggested a date range from the 1920s to the late 1930s. Giarde attempted to explain the marks but finally concluded, “In the final analysis it can only be said that K9 milk bottles should be attributed to Thatcher. Beyond that the K9 will remain a mystery until some researcher finds the answer.”

A complicating piece of evidence is the listing of the mark as belonging to the Knox Glass Bottle Co. in the 1928 Massachusetts Bulletin (Schadlich and Schadlich 1989).

Blodget (2006:8) also identified “K9” in the Massachusetts seal as the mark identifying the Knox Glass Bottle Co. The earliest listing we have found for milk bottle production by Knox was 1930 (American Glass Review 1930:91).

The resolution of these apparently conflicting lines of evidence is fairly simple.

In December, 1932, Thatcher “purchased b o t t l e machines, molds and name-plates, certain Hartford Empire licenses relating to the manufacture and sale of milk bottles, and good-will, etc., of Knox Glass Bottle Co., of Knox, Pa.” ( P o r t e r 1935:1518).

B o t t l e s exhibiting both Figure 24 the K9 designation and a Thatcher mark were clearly made by Thatcher after 1932 [Figure 24]. Bottles with an embossed K9 but lacking any Thatcher mark were presumably made by Knox before the Thatcher purchase.

The “K” in the mark obviously indicated Knox, but the number “9” is less obvious. Although this line of inquiry has yet to be fully researched, about 1910, a national numbering system for milk bottle manufacturers was set in place. This was

Bottles and Extras

July-August 2007

probably not an official national government notation, but it was used consistently by virtually all milk bottle manufacturers. The number “1,” for example, was assigned to the Lockport Glass Co. and was consistently used by that company in conjunction with the LGCo mark. Fidelity Glass Co. marked its bottles FG2 until the Atlantic Bottle Co. purchased the company and began using a mark of ABC2. This system continued in sequential order to at least 52 (the L52 mark used by Lamb Glass Co.). The number assigned to Knox was “9.”

These marks are found in at least three locations and configurations on milk bottles. As discussed above, “K9” is found on Massachusetts shoulder seals only in the “MASS / K9 / SEAL” format, a configuration officially adopted in 1918, although it was used by at least 1914. The mark is also embossed on the heels of milk bottles, with and without the Massachusetts Figure 25 seal. A more unusual configuration is “SEALED / K9” in a plate mold on the shoulder [Figure 25]. We have not discovered a specific reason for this usage.

Other “Seals” and Required Marks Maine also had a seal requirement that used numerical codes instead of initials. Thatcher was awarded code #1. The Maine seal, like those discussed above for Massachusetts, was usually embossed on the shoulder and could be in a plate mold. The configuration for Thatcher was “MAINE (arch) / 1 / SEAL (inverted arch).” In one very unusual format, it was found in red pyroglaze on the shoulder of a square milk bottle in the same format, except that “MAINE” and “SEAL” were both horizontal [Figure 26]. An embossed MAINE K9 SEAL also exists [Figure 27].

Rhode Island also used the seal system, but we have found very little information about those bottles. One eBay seller reported a bottle embossed “R.I. / 11 / SEAL,” but we have not been able to verify this. Schadlich and Schadlich (1989), however, identified the number “11” with Thatcher.

Figure 26 Giarde (1980:146) also noted that the heelmark “REGISTERED SEALED 1-11-14” was commonly associated with Thatcher marks.

Morin (personal communication 3/ 3/2007) hypothesized that the number combination was derived from numerals used by the various glass plants acquired by Thatcher in 1920. Lockport Glass Co. Figure 27 universally embossed a “1” beneath

61

its “LGCo” heelmark; Thatcher was identified by “11”; and “14” was associated with J. T. & A. Hamilton milk bottles.

Wisconsin also required codes, although we do not currently know where the information was embossed on the bottle. Thatcher also received the #1 code from Wisconsin (Stevens Point Journal 1913:1). Minnesota used a different design for seals: a triangle in two sections with the identifying code number under the apex with “minn” in the lower section separated by a line. Again, the Thatcher number was “1” [Figure 28]. The triangles were originally placed on the shoulder but eventually migrated to the heel.

In the Pennsylvania system, shoulder seals Figure 28 for Thatcher bottles took the circular form of SEALED (arch)/ 11 / PA (inverted arch). Central numbers of both “11” and “1” have been identified in eBay photos, and the heel mark “REGISTERED SEALED 11PA1” was noted by Giarde (1980:146) and recorded as a heelmark on eBay. T in an inverted triangle This mark has sometimes been attributed to Thatcher (Snyder 2006:13). Giarde (1980:123-125) discussed four possible contenders, proposed by collectors as the user of the InvertedTriangle-T mark. A key issue in his discussions is that the InvertedTriangle-T mark is known to have been accompanied by a “TR” in the Massachusetts seal. Giarde (1980:124), however, stated, “There is not the slightest shred of evidence supporting such a conclusion. In other contexts (e.g., Schadlich & Schadlich 1984) and in ads, the Inverted-Triangle-T mark is solidly identified with the Travis Glass Co. Plant Codes Often, milk bottles made by Thatcher during the ca. 19231947 period (bearing the non-serif MTC mark) were embossed on the base along with a single large letter that covers most of the base. These large initials represent the dairies or creameries that actually used the milk bottle; they are not related to manufacturer’s marks or plant codes. In addition, numerous milk bottles have been observed embossed on the bases with smaller, single letters.

Although these smaller letters may be embossed anywhere on the bases (including within the ejection mark – with or without a date code), with a very few exceptions, they fall into predictable patterns.

We repeatedly see the letters “D,” “E,” “L,” and “S” embossed either near date codes or on some other part of the base [Figures 29 and 30]. Schadlich ([ca. 1990]) suggested that these letters are plant codes for Dunkirk, New York; Elmira, New York; Lockport, New York, and Streator, Illinois. Although we have not seen a bottle with the mark on the base, Shadlich included the Fig. 30

Fig. 29

62

July-August 2007

Bottles and Extras

Table 1 – Thatcher Plant Locations and Dates of Operation City

State

Dates in Operation

Kane

PA

1905-1924*

Toulouse (1971:497-498); Ads

Ottawa

IL

1908-1909

Toulouse (1971:498); National Glass Budget 1904

Streator

IL

1909-1985**

Elmira

NY

1912-1985

Lockport

NY

1920-at least 1944; by 1947

Wall Street Journal 1944; Ads

Dunkirk

NY

1920-at least 1936; by 1939

Ads; Moody (1921:615)

Mt. Vernon

OH

1920-1924*

Moody (1921:615; 1924:1010); Ads

Clarksburg

WV

1920-1925

Toulouse (1971:498); Moody (1921:615; 1924:1010); Ads

Cedar Grove

WV

1920-1931

Toulouse (1971:498) Ads; Moody (1921:615; 1924:1010)

Parkersburg

WV

1920-at least 1930; by 1934

Toulouse (1971:498); Ads

Winchester

IN

1922-1923***

Toulouse (1971:498); Ads

Long Island

NY

1933-at least 1941; by 1947

Olean

NY

1944-1948 †

Lawrenceburg

IN

1951-1985

Jeannette

PA

1951-1961 ††

Harvard (2006); Moody; Whittten 2006

Saugus

CA

1955-1985 †††

Los Angeles Times (1955); Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985)

Tampa

FL

by 1960-1985

Toledo

OH

by 1965-at least 1971

Wharton

NJ

1966-1985

Sources

Toulouse (1971:498); Ads;Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985) Toulouse (1971:498) Rawlinson 1969:23; Milk Dealer (1916); Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985)

Toulouse (1971:498); Ads; Harvard (2006); Moody; Porter (1935) Olean Times-Herald (1943; 1948); Arrandale (1945); Bradford Mirror (1951) Glass Industry 1951; Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985)

Abele 1960; Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985) Moody Kelly and Kelly (2004); Syracuse Herald-Journal (1985)

* Although Toulouse stated that these plants closed in 1925, they were no longer listed in a December 1924 ad (Glass Container 4(2):1924:55). The Kane plant was built late in 1904, but production on the new Owens machines took a long while to perfect. As late as March, 1905, no Owens machines were in production outside of the Owens demonstration plant at Toledo (“The Owens Bottle Machine.” National Glass Budget 20[45]:11. 1905). Therefore the earliest possible year for production at Kane is 1905. **Rawlinson (1969:23), however, placed the installation in 1907 with a second furnace added in 1908. We have found no confirmation for this. *** The Winchester first appeared in Thatcher ads in May 1922 but was dropped in September 1923. † Thatcher controlled the Olean stock by 1935, but the company retained its own identity until January 1, 1944. †† The Jeanette plant was purchased in 1951 but was first listed in Thatcher ads in 1954. ††† Ads list the Saugus as early as 1954, but it was not completed and in operation until late 1955 (Los Angeles Times 1955).

Bottles and Extras “K” from Kane, Pennsylvania. Marks we have observed fit into the following ranges based on accompanying date codes: D – 1924-1930 E – 1926-1960 L – 1925-1937 S – 1924-1963 The “S” mark also appeared in association with one TMC basemark and a “24” date code as well as on a bottle embossed T.MFG.CO. (arch) / S / PAT. SEPT. 17 TH 1889 (inverted arch) and another that is identical except that it has the T M’F’G CO mark. We have only found the other “D” and “L” factory codes in association with the MTC mark. Both the “S” and “E” codes continued in existence long enough to be associated with the final mark in the inverted triangle shape.

Our sample for non-milk bottles is very small, but we have recorded “O” codes on beer (1953) and food (undated) bottles; “S” with a 1945 date code on a Pepsi-Cola bottle; and “L” (1974) on a liquor bottle.

The “O” with a “53” date code is too late for the Olean, New York, plant and too early for the one in Toledo, Ohio. Since only five plants were in operation at the time, and four of those used identified letters (e.g., S for Streator), on the plant at Jeanette, Pennsylvania, remains. If the “O” is, indeed, a plant code, the reasons for the choice are a mystery.

The “S” almost certainly indicates the plant at Streator. The “L” is too late for Lockport and probably indicates the Lawrenceburg factory. A mystery code, however is “N 42” on a milk bottle base, unless it signifies the Long Island, New York, plant. A final letter is a “C” mark that was used in conjunction with date codes from at least 1958 to at least 1962. This could indicate the factory at Saugus, California.

By comparing the ranges for date codes in conjunction with factory codes, it is clear that all fall within the known dates of operation for the main Thatcher plants.

Using this as a test, it is almost certain that the “D,” “E,” “L,” and “S” codes represent Thatcher factories, and it appears that the system was continued until at least 1965.

By that time, glass milk bottles were rapidly being replaced by waxed paper and plastic, and Thatcher had completed the shift to a dependence on a more diversified container line.

July-August 2007 Discussion and Conclusions Thatcher manufacturer’s marks, in general, correspond nicely with Thatcher history and technology. The earlier marks on mouth-blown bottles for example, all pre-date the adoption of the Owens Automatic Bottle Machine and the building of the Kane factory in 1905. The date codes beginning in late 1909 also fit in well with the adoption of the Massachusetts seal at that time. The last date code found on any Owens-machine-made Thatcher bottle was 1926 – almost certainly the end of the phasing out of the Owens machines.

The use of the TMC mark, beginning in 1920 on bottles made with press-andblow machines, also matches history, as Thatcher acquired the various companies that had formerly used the HartfordFairmont machines and began the process of switching to those more versitile machines in Thatcher factories at that time.

During the 1920s, Thatcher bottles with Owens scars become increasingly less common until the last one we can trace was made in 1926.

Thatcher was one of the major players in milk bottle production throughout the 20th century, so pinpointing information on its marks and codes is becoming increasingly important. Although the earliest marks from the company are difficult to date closely, Thatcher was one of the early users of date codes, beginning by at least 1909, possibly as early as 1907.

This allows virtual pinpoint dating for the manufacture of most Thatcher bottles. In many cases, plant codes also allow the identification of the factory of manufacture, as well.

Future research should address when Thatcher stopped using the 1889 patent date on its bottles. We suspect that may have been concurrent with the adoption of the Owens machines. Research on date and factory codes of more recent bottles (late 1940s on) also needs to be conducted on a larger sample.

Acknowledgments We express our gratitude to Phil Perry of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. for providing the Glass Container Industry History spreadsheet with information about Thatcher. Phil and Russell Hoenig, also of Owens-Illinois, have worked with us to help increase our knowledge of Owens-Illinois and the glass industry in general. These two have provided invaluable information about the history of their company and glass

63 manufacture in general.

Thanks also to Brad Blodget of Holden, and Al Morin of Dracut, both in Massachusetts, for providing information from their collections about connections between the Massachusetts seals and Thatcher marks.

Please send all comments to: Bill Lockhart 1313 14th St., Apt. 21 Alamogordo, NM 88310 (505) 439-8158 bottlebill@tularosa.net References: Abele, John J. 1960 “Personality: Man Behind Changes in Glass.” New York Times December 11, 1960 American Glass Review 1927 Glass Factory Yearbook and Directory. American Glass Review, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

1930 Glass Factory Yearbook and Directory. American Glass Review, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

1934 Glass Factory Yearbook and Directory. American Glass Review, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Includes reprint of the Glass Trade Directory for 1904.

Commoner Publishing Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Arrandale, Roy S. 1945 “Thatcher Installs New Batch Plant at Olean.” Glass Industry 26(5):229232.

Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele 1992 America: What Went Wrong?

Andrews McNeel Publishing, Riverside, New Jersey. www.ourcivilisation.com/ economy/usa/chap2.htm Blodget, Bradford G. 2006 “Milk Bottles from the Heart of the Commonwealth: A Collector’s Guide to the Milk Bottles from the City of Worcester, Massachussetts, 1890-2006.”

Unpublished manuscript.

Bradford Mirror 1951 “Thatcher Glass Firm Property, Olean, Purchased for $200,000.” Bradford Mirror December 29, 1951:2. [Bradford, Pennsylvania]

64

July-August 2007

Cultivator and Country Gentleman 1895 “The Common-Sense Milk Bottle.”

Cultivator and Country Gentleman 60(2218):562.

Glass Worker 1925b “Thatcher Mfg. Co. Ordered to Divest Itself of Three Plants.” Glass Worker 44(30):12.

Creamery Package Mfg. Co. 1912 General Catalog of the Creamery Package Mfg. Company, No. 350.

Creamery Package Mfg. Co., Chicago, Illinois.

Hanlon, Joseph F. 1971 Handbook of Package Engineering.

McGraw-Hill, New York.

Emhart Glass 1982 Emhart Punt Marks. Emhart, Zurich, Switzerland.

Food Industries 1935 “Glass Packaging: Reuse Containers, Vacuum Packaging, Mark Trend.” Food Industries 7(3):115-117.

Food Packer 1944 “Thatcher Quality Glass Containers.”

Advertisement. Food Packer 25(6):57.

Gallagher, T. F. 1969 “The Milk Bottle Through 85 Years.”

American Dairy Review 31(2):50, 95.

Gallagher, Thomas F. and Cecil Munsey 1969 “Milk and Its Containers.” Western Collector 7(7):330-336.

Giarde, Jeffery L. 1980 Glass Milk Bottles: Their Makers and Marks. Time Travelers Press, Bryn Mawr, California.

Gingold, Oliver J. 1945 “Purely Gossip.” Wall Street Journal January 23, 1945.

Glass Container 1924 “Thatcher: Superior Quality Milk Bottles.” Advertisement. Glass Container 4(2):55.

1925 “Ready for Distribution Soon.” Glass Container 5(1):43.

1927 “Francis E. Baldwin.” Glass Container 6(6):7, 38-39, 44.

Glass Industry 1951 “Thatcher in Lawrenceburg.” Glass Industry 32(9):454-456.

Glass Packer 1935 “Thatcher Purchases Olean Glass Co.” Glass Packer 14(9):574.

Bottles and Extras 1923 Advertisement: “Thatcher Milk Bottles.” Milk Dealer 12(12):27.

1934 Advertisement: “Thatcher Bottles.”

Milk Dealer 23(6):27-28.

Milk Plant Monthly 1934 Advertisement: “Thatcher Bottles.”

Milk Plant Monthly 23(3):35-36.

Harvard Business School 2006 “Baker Library Historical Collections: Lehman Brothers Inc. Collection: Thatcher Glass Manufacturing Company, Inc. – Company History.” http:/ / q u i n c y. h b s . e d u : 8 0 8 0 / l e h m a n / company_histories/s-t/

Miller, George L. and Tony McNichol 2002 “Dates for Suction Scarred Bottoms: Chronological Changes in Owens Machine-Made Bottles.” Paper presented at the 2002 SHA meetings, Mobile, Alabama.

Hayes, Denis B. 1909 “Hayes on Bottle Machines.”

National Glass Budget 25(11):1.

Modern Brewery Age 1944 Advertisement: “The Beer Bottle of Tomorrow.” Modern Brewery Age 32(4):4.

Hoard’s Dairyman 1908 “Thatcher ’s Milk Bottles.”

Advertisement. Hoard’s Dairyman 38(52):1330.

Moody, John 1921 Moody’s Analyses of Investments and Security Rating Books, Part II: Industrial Investments. Moody’s Investors Service, New York.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1913 “The Present Status of the Glass Bottle and Hollow Ware Industries in the United States.” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 5(11):951954.

1914 “The Present Status of the Glass Bottle Industry in the United States.”

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 6(10):864-865.

Knipp, Tony 1990 “You Never Know What You Will Find.” The Milk Route 120:4.

Los Angeles Times 1955 “New Glass Products Plant Starts Work.” Los Angeles Times December 25, 1955:19.

1924 Moody’s Analyses of Investments and Security Rating Books, Part II: Industrial Investments. Moody’s Investors Service, New York.

National Glass Budget 1898 “Flint, Green and Cathedral Glass Factories of the United States and Canada in Operation.” National Glass Budget 13(38):7.

1899 “Glass Directory.” National Glass Budget 12(42):7.

1904 “The Thatcher Mfg. Co.” National Glass Budget 20(27):11.

1910a “Bottle Machine Statistics.”

National Glass Budget 25(50):1.

Milk Dealer 1912 Advertisement: “Thatcher Milk Bottles Save You Money.” Milk Dealer 2(1):13.

New York Times 1920 Advertisement: “Thatcher Manufacturing Company.” New York Times May 4, 1920:19.

1916 “The Manufacture of Glass Milk Bottles.” Milk Dealer 6(1):12-13.

Olean Times Herald 1943 “Glass Plant Changes Name to Thatcher Co.” Olean Times Herald December 22, 1943:7.

1916b Advertisement: “Thatcher Bottles Everywhere Prove Our Claim.” Milk Dealer 6(1):14.

1922 Advertisement: “Make Our Booth Your Headquarters.” Milk Dealer 12(1):81.

1948 “Thatcher Glass Plant to Close Saturday: 285 Are Affected.” Olean Times Herald June 7, 1948:2.

Bottles and Extras Owens-Illinois Glass Co. 2001 “Glass Container Industry History.”

Spreadsheet, Owens-Illinois Glass Co. [Palmer, Walter B., et al.]

1917 The Glass Industry: Report on the Cost of Production of Glass in the United States. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Miscellaneous Series No. 60.

Washington, DC. Porter, John S. 1935 Moody’s Manual of Investments, American and Foreign: Industrial Securities. Moody’s Investors Service, New York.

Rawlinson, Fred 1970 Make Mine Milk. Far Publications, Newport News.

July-August 2007 Syracuse Herald-Journal [Syracuse, NY] Jan. 4, 1985:B5.

[Thatcher, Hervey D.] 1883 Dairyman and Farmer’s Guide Book. H. D. Thatcher & Co., Potsdam, NY. Thatcher Mfg. Co. 1927 Advertisement: “Thatcher for Super Quality Bottles.” Glass Container 7(1):39.

1945 Advertisement: “Do You Recognize Your Own?” American Carbonated Bottler: Eighth Annual Bluebook Edition.

March:3.

Toulouse, Julian Harrison 1971 Bottle Makers and Their Marks.

Thomas Nelson, New York.

Schadlich, Louis [ca. 1990] “Milk Bottles Marked by Manufacturers and Jobbers.” Unpublished manuscript.

Tutton, John 1994 Udderly Delightful: A Guide to Collecting Milkbottles and Related Items.

2nd ed. Privately Printed, Front Royal, Virginia. (1st ed. 1989)

Schadlich, Louis and Nancy Schadlich 1984 “The ‘MASS. SEAL’ on Milk Bottles and Jars.” Unpublished manuscript, Sturbridge, Massachusetts.

[1997] Udderly Beautiful: A Pictorial Guide to the Pyroglazed or Painted Milkbottle. Privately Printed, Front Royal, Virginia.

Scharnowske, Jeff 1998 “Hervey D. Thatcher (Arguably the Father of the Milk Bottle).” The Milk Route 206:1-3.

Wall Street Journal 1944 “Purely Gossip.” Wall Street Journal May 17, 1944.

Scoville, Warren C. 1948 Revolution in Glassmaking: Entrepreneurship and Technological Change in the American Industry, 18801920. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachutts.

1946 “Thatcher Manufacturing Co.” Wall Street Journal August 31, 1946:2.

1966 “Thatcher Glass Merger Into Rexall Is Completed.” Wall Street Journal July 1, 1966:2.

Snyder, Bob 2006 Milk Bottles of Alberta. Private printing, Edmonton.

1981 “Dart & Kraft Completes Sale of Thatcher Unit.” Wall Street Journal December 22, 1981:6.

Stevens Point Journal 1913 “Notice to Milk Dealers” Stevens Point Journal [Stevens Point, WI] September 22, 1913:1.

Whitten, David 2005 “McKee and Company (McKee Glass Company).” myinsulators.com/glassfactories/McKee.html

Syracuse Herald 1905 “Opposed to the Union.” Syracuse Herald [Syracuse, NY] February 5, 1905:1.

Yale Law Review 1934 “Limitations on the Power of the Federal Trade Commission to Prevent Corporate Mergers.” Yale Law Review 43(8):1312-1314.

Syracuse Herald-Journal 1985 “Glass Firm in Elmira Goes Bust.”

65 Footnotes: 1 This was a type of food coloring. At the time (and possibly even today), people judged the quality of butter by its color. A deeper yellow color was perceived as being of higher quality. Thus, Thatcher’s Orange Butter Color was used to deepen the hue by many creameries.

2 Gallagher (1969:50) stated that the earliest milk bottle was made in 1865 but failed to provide details. Gallagher & Munsey (1969:332) claimed the earliest patent for a milk bottle was in 1878. Tutton (1994:2) noted that the first patent for a milk bottle was issued January 5, 1875 (#158,406) and provided the patent office illustration.

3 Note that ice boxes were also called refrigerators–mechanical refrigerators did not yet exist in homes.

4 This is problematic. Although Thatcher’s 1919 letter implies that this all happened in 1884, that can’t be correct. His first patent for a “bottle” was the 1886 Thatcher/Barnhart patent, which was really for a bail-fastened glass closure. It may be that in the meantime he used a bail-fastened metal cap. In any case, he must have taken the wooden mold to Whitall Tatum long before he sent the application to the patent office at the end of 1885.

5 The identification of the patent with Barnhart was first published in the secondary literature by Tutton (1994:13-14).

6 Gallagher and Munsey (1969:333) placed the sale of the corporation in 1898. J. A. Arrondale (a longtime Thatcher employee) reported that in 1898 Dr. Thatcher met Baldwin, who “became … interested in Thatcher’s work on sanitation in connection with the sale and distribution of milk,” but he does not say that Baldwin invested immediately in the corporation (Rawlinson 1970:22). Glass Container (1927:7) and Giarde (1980:114) set the Baldwin takeover date at 1900.

7 This was the Travis Glass Co. It seems likely that it was the early Thatcher experience that soured Travis on machine production.

8 We have found no evidence of any kind to support Thatcher’s manufacture of fruit jars. All Owens machine references we have seen only mention an Owens license for milk bottles and we have found no evidence that the Thatcher Mfg. Co. made any containers by hand or used any other form of machine prior to the 1920 acquisition of the other milk bottle manufacturing companies.

66

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Mason’s “4” Patent Nov. 30th 1858, smooth lip, $25. Mason’s “7” Patent Nov. 30th 1858, smooth lip, $25. Mason’s “8” Patent Nov. 30 1858, smooth lip, $25.

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“Ball BBGMCo Fruit Jar”, (Red Book 9, #195). Looking for scarce Ball Brothers Glass Mfg. Co. jars and paper items of ALL kinds. Always have a sales table at the Muncie, IN bottle shows. Contact: JOE COULSON, Ph: (317) 915-0665, eBay id: leaderjar, Website: http:// www.leaderjar.com.

Wanted: Embossed South Carolina bottles, especially crown top slug plate soda bottles.

Contact: ERIC WARREN, 238 Farmdale Dr., Lexington, SC 29073; Ph: (803) 9518860; E-mail: scbottles@aol.com. Any South Carolina bottle questions, drop me a line.

Wanted: Figural bitters and whiskeys, particularly barrels, and Nevada collectibles. Contact: BOB FERRARO, 515 Northridge Dr., Boulder City, NV 89005, Ph: (702) 293-3114 or mayorferraro@aol.com.

Wanted: Face pipes - reed insert and short stem. Especially looking for pipes marked Washington, Henry Clay, Lewis Cass, Filmore, Pierce, Rough and Ready.

Also looking for 2-piece belt buckles from the Gold Rush era - Eagles, miners, stars, anchors. Buying all buckle parts, inners and outers (does not have to be a complete buckle.) Contact: MAX BELL, Ph: (530) 8233315.

Wanted: Paying $3,000 for fruit jar embossed

Wanted: Sealfast Sold By jars, unusual pint jars, and old bottle magazines (any title). Contact: R. WAYNE or JUNE LOWRY, Ph: (816) 318-0160, JAL121053@aol.com.

Wanted: Scroll flasks - “McKee,” “A,” hearts & flowers and a sale catalog from the Fred Salisbury scroll flask sale with price list. Contact: MERLE SLAY, 6425 149th St. Ct. NW, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, Ph: (253)858-2267, E-mail: Merleslay@aol.com.

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Classified Ads Wanted: Paying top dollar for bottles from Danville, Ridyfarm, Paris, Georgetown and Indianaola Illinois. Contact: ERP JEREMY, Paris, Illinois, Ph: (217) 463-2938 or E-mail: ERP3@tigerpaw.com.

Wanted: Any materials relating to “The Kingdom of the Happy Land,” a free black settlement in western North Carolina from 1865 to 1900. There is an 18-page booklet printed in 1957.

Settlement members also compounded and bottled a “Happy Land Liniment.” Contact: MIKE HARMON, 1420 Cherokee Rd., Lexington, SC 29072, Ph: (803) 359-6356.

Wanted: Globe jars in odd colors and sizes, Hemingray-made fruit jars, go-withs (no insulators). Contact: KEN KIPPOLD, PH: (513) 720-2854, E-mail: Ken.Dippold@Sandridge.com or KJDDOC@aol.com.

Wanted: ARIZONA - bottles, stoneware, advertising, calendar plates, souvenir China, etc. Dose glasses from: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Territorials. Colored pharmacy bottles (under 4” tall) from: Connecticut, Delaware, Montana, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, West Virginia. Contact: MICHAEL MILLER, 9214 W. Gary Rd., Peoria, AZ 85345, Ph: (623) 486-3123, E-mail: helgramike@earthlink.net.

Wanted: Oregon bottles and go-withs. Oregon shot glasses.

Special interest in Medford, Ashland and Jacksonville. Contact: DAVID SCAFANI, 416 Greenbrae Dr., Medford, OR 92504, Ph: (541) 773-6503, E-mail: scafanind@charter.net.

Augusta On Glass $40 postpaid, including shipping charges.

Send check or money order payable to: Bill Baab 2352 Devere Street Augusta, GA 30904 Checks must clear bank before book is mailed.

Drops of history from glass and pottery containers used by soda water manufacturers, whiskey distillers, beer brewers, mineral water sellers and patent medicine men in and around Augusta, Georgia.

Bill Baab

Wanted: Tampa alligator Hutch. Highest price paid for FLA BREWING CO, TAMPA, FLA with embossed alligator. Must be Hutch finish, not Baltimore loop. Contact: RJ BROWN, 4119 Crosswater Dr., Tampa, FL 33615, Ph: (813) 888-7007 or E-mail: RBrown4134@aol.com.

Wanted: Colored blob sodas - mainly E.L. Billings, Sac City, in rare greens or dark blue to cobalt. Owen Casey in rare green colors. And other nice colored blobs, especially open pontiled blobs, Hostetter’s bitters in lime and other hard to find colors.

Contact: JAMES CAMPIGLIA, 554 Litchfield Ln., Santa Barbara, CA 93109, Ph: (805) 962-2413 or E-mail: jvcinsb@cox.net.

Wanted: Diggers - Screeners - Misc Stuff like belt buckles, small locks, doll parts, Civil War shots, buttons, porcelain plate bottoms, spoons, forks, small watch parts, 3” square & larger square nails, date nails, keys, old corks, bottle necks, small 1” or less pill & medicine tins, 3” or less cobalt bottles, other small misc. household implements. Any vintage pre-1960s beer cans. Also any and all crawl space trash circa 20s to 50s, ie tins, bottles, etc. Any pre1960s trash found in basements, walls, out buildings, attics and old dumps. Contact: LOREN & DONNA LOVE, P.O. BOX 412, Dayton, NV 89403, Ph: (775) 246-0142.

Wanted: Early English black glass bottles. Especially sealed, or with embossing. Also, very early New England bottles - snuffs, chestnuts, globs, medicines and similar. Contact: CARY, Ph: (773) 327-6075.

Wanted: Flagons 1820-1840, green, blue, amber, red, near mint, correct stoppers, no stain rings. Contact: JOHN MOORE, 2818 Milro Cr., Wichita, KS 67204, Ph: (316) 838-7161.

Wanted: Better barber bottles. Also, paper, postcards, photos and souvenir items from Cape May, New Jersey. Also from Caldwell, Roseland, Essex Fells, Singac and Little Falls, N.J. Contact: DICK GIBBS, P.O. Box 126, Essex Fells, NJ 07021, Ph: (973) 228-1459 or E-mail: capemayone@aol.com.

Wanted: Advertising jugs and crocks from St. Louis or anywhere in Missouri. Contact: DAVE CRANCER, Ph: (636) 225-2599, Daytime Ph: (636) 225-2755 (evenings) or E-mail: mojugz@charter.net.

Wanted: Old OTT or KENNEDY embossed bottles (except common Dr. Kennedy’s). Rarer POISON & INSECT bottles, as well as Harrisburg, Pa. bottles (any type). Also, any related poison or skull items to add to our collection. Contact: CHARLIE KENNEDY, 4727 W. Mohawk Dr., Beverly Hills, FL 34465, Ph: (352) 270-9145 or E-mail: crkennedy@tampabay.rr.com.

Wanted: Souvenir China and scenic souvenir custard glass in excellent condition depicting scenes from American towns and villages, resorts, World’s Fairs, etc. Eagerly sought, preference is for views from New York state, New England and most states west of Mississippi River. Contact: BURTON SPILLER, 22 Tobey Brook, Pittsford, NY 14534, Ph: (585) 264-8968 or E-mail: bottlebug@aol.com.

Wanted: Embossed crowns: STAR BOY or STAR BOYS or any similar bottles with STARS and ARCHES. Two ORANGE-OLA from New York City, New York. Hutchinsons: NEW MEXICO, OLD MEXICO, SPAIN, CUBA, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, EL DORADO BOTTLING CO., DAWSON, Y.T. Contact: ZANG WOOD, 1612 Camino Rio, Farmington, NM 87401, Ph: (505) 3271316.

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69

Classified Ads Wanted: Mississippi and Louisiana jugs and pre-1920 postcards. I may have your state to trade you also. Contact: SONNY HILL, 1036 Briarwood Dr., Jackson, MS 39211, Ph: (601) 957-0254 or E-mail: sonnyhill3@earthlink.net.

Wanted: Michigan pharmacy bottles, poison bottles and soda bottles. Michigan Par-T-Pak soda bottles and advertising. Contact: FRANK BIZEK, 2233 Edington Dr., SE, Grand Rapids,

MI 49508, Ph: (616) 452-5645 or E-mail: FPBozek@yahoo.com.

Wanted: Fish bitters, F-44, F-45 & F-46 in all colors. Also, Drakes, barrels & other cabins.

Also, other bitters that are unusually shaped or unusually colored. Mint only. Please contact: RANDOLPH HAUMANN, 615 Woolsey St., San Francisco, CA 94134-1815, Cell: (415) 518-4124 (daytime 7am - 7pm) or E-mail: hawkeye751@aol.com.

Wanted: Embossed or clean label female cures.

Contact: JAN SHIER, 6550 Heronswood Dr., Memphis TN 38119, Ph: (734) 751-5221, Email: jmshier@aol.com.

Wanted: A.P. Hotaling Co. items, J.H. Cutter & old Kirk whiskey bottles and related items.

Contact: MIKE DOLCINI, 2716 17th St., Sacramento CA 95818, Ph: (916) 446-7489, Email: oldcutters@earthlink.net.

Poison Bottles Joan C. Cabaniss jjcab@b2xonline.com (540) 297-4498 312 Summer Lane Huddleston, VA 24104 KETCHUP, PICKLES, SAUCES 19th Century Food in Glass 498 pages of pictures & research of glass containers the early food industry utilized.

Smyth Bound - $25.00 to: MARK WEST PUBLISHERS PO BOX 1914 SANDPOINT, ID 83864

SPRING STEEL PROBES Length 36” to 48” Diameter 1/4” to 5/16” “T” Handle 1” Dia. x 12” and Ring 4” above tip, both welded. $37.50 includes S/H $3 Extra for Rush Shipping Cashier Check or M.O. R. L. Wilcox 7422 Park Drive Mechanicsville, VA 23111 Phone: (804) 746-9854 or E-mail: Wilcox7422@aol.com

Wanted: Fort Wayne bottles, Indiana blob beers.

Anyone interested in forming a Fort Wayne area bottle club? Our little core of collectors needs to expand. Contact: JIM VANEVERY, 11929 Fisher Rd., Ft. Wayne, IN 46818, Ph: (260) 625-4872, E-mail: jimvanev@aol.com.

Wanted: Houghton & Dalton pottery for our collection and to help in updating a book on the pottery. Contact: JAMES D. HOUDESHELL, 1610 S. Main St., Findlay, OH 45840, Ph: (419) 423-2895 or E-mail: houdeshell@findlay.edu.

est. 1979

Full Colour

BBR

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FOHBC SHO-BIZ FOHBC Sho-Biz is published in the interest of the hobby. Federation affiliated clubs are noted. Information on up-coming collecting events is welcome, but space is limited.

Please send at least four months in advance, including telephone number, to: FOHBC Sho-Biz, c/o Kathy Hopson-Sathe, 341 Yellowstone Dr., Fletcher, NC 28732, or E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com. Show schedules are subject to change. Please call ahead before traveling long distances.

All listings published here will also be published on the web site at http://www.fohbc.com.

JULY 8 - MUNCIE, INDIANA The Midwest Antique Fruit Jar & Bottle Club's Summer Show & Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 3 PM, Adm. $2; Set-up, 6 AM for displayers, 7 AM for dealers) at the Horizon Convention Center, 401 S. High Street, Muncie, Indiana.

Accommodations at the Hotel Roberts across the street. Call (765) 781-7777 for reservations & mention the show for discount. INFO: DAVID RITTENHOUSE, 1008 S. 900 W., Farmland, IN 47340, PH: (765) 468-8091 or NORM BARNETT, PH: (812) 587-5560, E-mail: thebarnetts@mach1pc.com Website: www.fruitjar.org.

JULY 14 - TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA The West Alabama Bottle Club Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Moose Family Center, 201 25th Ave East, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. INFO: DENNIS HUMPHREY, PH: (205) 339-2290 or TERRY McKARN, PH: (256) 287-1499.

JULY 21 - RENO, NEVADA Reno Antique Bottle & Collectables Club’s 44th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers Fri. Noon - 6 PM) at the Reno/Sparks Convention Center, 4590 South Virginia Street, North Entrance, Reno, Nevada. INFO: WILLY YOUNG, PH: (775) 746-0922 or HELENE WALKER, PH: (775) 345-0171.

JULY 21-22 ADAMSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA The 6th Annual Shupp’s Grove Bottle Festival (Sat. & Sun. 6 AM to dark, Fri. Dealer Set-up 3 PM followed by Early Buyers 5 PM) at Shupp’s Grove in Adamstown, Pennsylvania. INFO: STEVE GUION, E-mail: sguion124@comcast.net or JERE HAMBLETON, E-mail: jshdetector@webtv.net or PH: (717) 393-5175.

JULY 28 - LEADVILLE, COLORADO The 3rd Annual Antique Bottle Collectors of Colorado’s Leadville Show (Sat. 9 AM - 4 PM, $2 Adm., Set-up, 6 AM) at the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum Convention Center, 117 10th St., Leadville, Colorado. Great educational displays. Free parking. Vacation in Colorado’s High Country! Accommodations information available from co-chairman. INFO: JIM and BARBARA SUNDQUIST, Show Co-Chairman, 2861 Olympia Ln., Evergreen, CO 80439; PH: (303) 674-4658; E-mail: barbsund@msn.com.

JULY 28 - DES MOINES, IOWA The Iowa Antique Bottleers 38th Annual Antique Bottle & Collectables Show and Sale (9 AM - 2 PM) at the Iowa State Fairgrounds, Tourism Building, Des Moines, Iowa. INFO:

TOM SOUTHARD, 2815 Druid Hill Drive, Des Moines, IA 50315, PH: (515) 282-6901.

AUGUST 10-11 - HELENA, MONTANA The Montana Bottle Collector’s Association’s 5th Annual Bottle, Insulator, Advertising & Collectible Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 4 PM; Fri. Early Bird, 5 PM - 8 PM, $5 Adm.) at the Lewis & Clark County Fairgrounds, 98 W. Custer Ave., Helena, Montana. INFO: TOM BRACKMAN, Show Reservation Chairman, 2575 Winchester Dr., East Helena, MT 59635; PH: (406) 2275301; E-mail: abrackman@earthlink.net or RAY THOMPSON, MBCA Vice-Pres., P.O. Box 9003, Missoula, MT 59807; PH: (406) 2737780; E-mail: KCthomp@aol.com.

AUGUST 11 - NORCROSS, GEORGIA 37th Annual Atlanta Antique Bottle Show & Sale (formerly Southeastern Antique Bottle Club) (9 AM - 4 PM, Early Buyers $15 includes barbecue lunch) at the Smyrna Community Center, 200 Village Green Cir., Smyrna, Georgia. INFO: JACK HEWITT, 1765 Potomac Ct., Lawrenceville, GA 30043, PH: (770) 963-0220, or JOHN JOINER, PH: (770) 502-9565, email: propjj@numail.org.

AUGUST 17-19 - COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS The FOHBC’s 2007 National Bottle Show (Fri. - Sun.) at The Gateway Center, Great Rivers Ballroom & Center Hall, One Gateway Drive, Collinsville, Illinois. Host hotel: Holiday Inn, 1000 Eastport Plaza Drive, Collinsville, Illinois, PH: (800) 551-6133, Website: www.hicollinsville.com. INFO: R. WAYNE LOWRY, 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083, PH: (816) 318-0161, E-mail: JarDoctor@aol.com.

AUGUST 19 - POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Hudson Valley Bottle Club 20th Annual MidHudson Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers 8 AM) at the Poughkeepsie Elks Lodge 275, 29 Overocker Rd., Poughkeepsie, New York.

INFO: ART CHURCH, 411 Hillside Lake Rd., Wappingers Falls, NY 12590, PH: (845) 2214259.

AUGUST 26 - MOOREFIELD, WEST VIRGINIA Potomac Highlands Antique Bottle Club's 9th Annual Show and Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Moorefield Fire Co. Auxiliary Bldg (along the RR on Jefferson St.), Moorefield, West Virginia.

INFO: RODNEY FUNKHOUSER, 1968 Brants Teets Rd, Baker, WV 26801. PH: (304) 897-6910, E-mail: rfmfg@hardynet.com.

SEPTEMBER 8 - ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA The Los Angeles Historical Bottle Club’s Antique Bottle, Fruit Jar, Antiques & Collectibles Show & Sale (Sat. 9 AM - 4 PM, Adm. $2.50; Early Bird 8 AM, Adm. $5) at the Arcadia Masonic Temple, 50 West Duarte Rd., Arcadia, California. INFO: DON WIPPERT, PH: (818) 346-9833 or DICK HOMME, PH: (818) 8623368, Website: www.lahbc.org.

SEPTEMBER 8 - TULSA, OKLAHOMA The Tulsa Antiques & Bottle Club 31st Annual Show & Sale (8 AM - 4 PM) in the Tulsa Flea Market at the Tulsa Fairgrounds, 21st & Yale, Tulsa, Oklahoma. INFO: RICHARD CARR, 4 Gawf Place, Muskogee, OK, 74403, PH: (918) 687-4150 or JERRY CALLISON, PO Box 582251, Tulsa, OK 74158, PH: (918) 834-4895.

SEPTEMBER 9 - LEWES, DELAWARE The Delmarva Antique Bottle Club's 15th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers 7:30 AM) at the Cape Henlopen High School, Lewes, Delaware. INFO: PETER BEAMAN, 28947 Lewes Georgetown Hwy., Lewes, DE 19958; PH: (302) 684-5055 or E-mail: oldngnu@comcast.net.

SEPTEMBER 9 - PEKIN, ILLINOIS Pekin Bottle Collectors Assoc. 38th Annual Show & Sale (8 AM - 3 PM) at the Knights of Columbus, 715 N. 11th St., Pekin, Illinois.

INFO: JIM MORGAN, 48 Harvester Lane, Canton, IL 61520, PH: (309) 649-1946 or JIM SEARLE, 1003 Illinois, Pekin, IL 61554, PH: (309) 346-7804.

SEPTEMBER 22 - JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA The Antique Bottle Collectors of North Florida’s 40th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 8 AM - 3 PM; Early Buyers, Fri. 5 - 8 PM) at the Fraternal Order of Police Bldg., 5530 Beach Blvd., Jacksonville, Florida. INFO: MIKE SKIE, PH: (904) 710-0422 or JACKIE MCRAE, PH: (904) 3696.

SEPTEMBER 22 - GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA The 3rd Annual Floridiana Show (Sat. 9 AM 3 PM) at the Matheson Museum, 513 East University Ave., Gainesville, Florida. INFO: MATHESON MUSEUM, E-mail: communityrelations@mathesonmuseum.org or PH: (352) 378-2280.

SEPTEMBER 30 - CHELSEA, MICHIGAN The Huron Valley Bottle & Insulator Club’s 31st Annual Show & Sale (Sun. Adm. $2, Set-up 6 AM) at the Village Conference Center, Comfort Inn (I-94 & M-52, Exit 159), Chelsea, Michigan.

INFO: MICHELE, Box 210-145, Auburn Hills,

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July-August 2007

71

MI 48321-0145; PH: (248) 673-1650, E-mail: michelek@mac.com or PAT YOUNG, Club President, PH: (517) 223-3461.

SEPTEMBER 30 - HAMMONTON, NEW JERSEY South Jersey's Antique Bottle and Glass Club, Inc. 24th Annual Antique Show & Sale (9 AM - 4 PM) at Historic Batsto Village, Hammonton, New Jersey, INFO: PAUL A. DELGUERCIO, 548 Spring Rd., Hammonton, NJ 08037 PH: (609) 352-7104. Email: paulhavoc@comcast.net.

OCTOBER 6 - RICHMOND, VIRGINIA The Richmond Area Bottle Collectors Association's 36th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers 7:30 AM) at the Showplace Annex, 3002 Mechanicsville Tpk, Richmond, Virginia. INFO: MARVIN CROKER, PH: (804) 275-1101 or ED FAULKNER, PH: (804) 7392951 or E-mail: faulkner@antiquebottles.com.

OCTOBER 6 - POINT PLEASANT, WEST VIRGINIA The West Virginia State Farm Museum Bottle Show (9 AM - 3 PM) at the West Virginia State Farm Museum (Rt, 62, 4 mi. North of Point Pleasant, turn Right onto Fairgrounds Road, Museum is 1 mi. on the Right), Point Pleasant, West Virginia. INFO: CHARLIE PERRY, 39304 Bradbury Rd., Middleport, OH 45760, PH: (740) 992-5088, E-mail: perrycola@suddenlink.net.

OCTOBER 7 - KEENE, NEW HAMPSHIRE Yankee Bottle Club's 40th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 2:30 PM, Early Buyers 8 AM) at the Keene High School, Arch Street, Keene, New Hampshire. INFO: CREIGHTON G. HALL, 382 Court Street, Keene, NH 03431, PH: (603) 352-2959.

OCTOBER 7 - ELSECAR, ENGLAND BBR 'Autumn Extravaganza' Show ( 9 AM - 3 PM) at the Elsecar Heritage Center, Elsecar, England. INFO: ALAN BLAKEMAN, BBR Elsecar Heritage Center, Nr. Barnsley, S. Yorks, S74 8HJ, England, PH: 011-44 1226 745156, E-mail: sales@onlinebbr.com.

OCTOBER 12-13 - SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA The Northwestern Bottle Collectors Association's 41st Annual Show (Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM, Free Adm.; Fri. Set-up 12 - 7 PM, Early Entry Adm. $10) at the Sonoma County Fairgrounds, Finley Hall Bldg., Santa Rosa, California. INFO: BEV SIRI, PH: (707) 542-6438.

OCTOBER 12-13 - MORRISTOWN, TENNESSEE The Tennessee Valley Traders & Collectors Club and the Morristown Parks and Recreation Department 4th Annual Antiques, Bottles, Glass & Collectibles Show & Sale (Fri. 12 - 6 PM, Sat. 8 AM - 3 PM) at the Talley Ward Bldg., 321 South James Street (directly across from Morristown-Hamblem East High School), Morristown, Tennessee.

INFO: BILL HENDERSON, PH: (423) 581-8386, E-mail: BillHenderson@Musfiber.com.

OCTOBER 12-13 - MONCKS CORNER, SOUTH CAROLINA The Berkeley Citizens, Inc.'s First Annual Berkeley Antique Bottle & Collectible Show & Sale (Fri. 2 - 6 PM; Sat. 9 AM - 3 PM, Adm. $3; Setup, Fri. 11 AM - 1:45 PM) at Berkeley Industries, 132 Citizens Lane, Moncks Corner, South Carolina. 25,000 sq. ft. bldg. Live Auction at 2 PM on Saturday. Free parking. Holiday Inn Express in MC & Econo Lodge in Goose Creek - more hotel info in dealer packet. Mention show.

Show endorsed by the Berkeley Chamber of Commerce. INFO: LIBBY KILGALLEN, Dev. Cord., or KATE SINGLETARY, Adm. Asst., P.O. Drawer 429, Moncks Corner, SC 29461; PH: (843) 761-0316, E-mail: 2007BottleShow@BCIServices.org. Complete dealer packet available at the Website: www.berkeleycitizens.org.

OCTOBER 14 - BEDFORD, PENNSYLVANIA Bedford County Antique Bottle Club 30th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM 1 PM, Early Buyers 7 AM) at the Bedford County Fairgrounds 4H Building, Bedford, Pennsylvania. INFO: LEO McKENZIE, PH: (814) 695-0128 or CHARLES HAZLETT, PH: (814) 695-0128.

MIDWEST ANTIQUE FRUIT JAR AND BOTTLE CLUB WWW.FRUITJAR.ORG SHOW HEADQUARTERS - SIGNATURE INN Room Hopping Jelly Jammers - Sat. July 7, 2007 - 10 am Fruit Jar Get Together & Auction - Sat. July 7, 2007 - 1:30 pm Make your own reservations with the hotel - (765) 284-4200 SHOW LOCAITON - HORIZON CONVENTION CENTER Adm. $2 Ample Space - Dealer tables still available - Fantastic lighting SHOW CHAIRMAN - David Rittenhouse 1008 S. 900 W. Farmland, IN 47340 (765) 468-8091 or Norm Barnett (812) 587-5560 or thebarnetts@mach1pc.com

~ RENO ~ Antique Bottle & Collectibles Club 44th Annual Show & Sale

Saturday July 21, 2007 Reno/Sparks Convention Center 4590 South Virginia Street Saturday Show: 9:00 A.M - 3:00 P.M. Admission $3.00 Friday Dealer Setup; 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. Friday Early Bird: 12:00 P.M. - $10 Show Info: Willy Young (775) 746-0922 Show Reservations: Helen Walker (775) 345-0171

Over 100 Tables !

BOTTLES - COINS - TOKENS ADVERTISING - INSULATORS ANTIQUES - AND MORE!

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July-August 2007

OCTOBER 20 - CANYONVILLE, OREGON Jefferson State Antique Bottle & Collectible Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM; Dealer Setup & Early Buyers Oct. 19th Noon – 7PM). We’re Back!

Seven Feathers Hotel & Casino Resort, 146 Chief Miwaleta Ln. (I 5 - Exit 99), Canyonville, Oregon 97417. INFO: BRUCE SILVA, PO Box 1565, Jacksonville, Or. 97530, PH: 541-899-8411, E-mail: jsglass@intergate.com, Show website: http://www.ecandm.com/canyonville.

OCTOBER 21 - CAMBRIDGE, ONTARIO, CANADA The NSA Auctions Cambridge 12th Annual Bottle Show (Sun. 9 AM - 2 PM, Early Bird 7 AM, Adm. $3) at the Beehive Room in Hespeler Arena, Ellis Ave., Hespeler, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada. Featuring bottles, insulators, fruit jars, stoneware, pottery. Lunch counter, free parking & friendly dealers available. INFO: ROBIN NEWTON-SMITH or NICHOLE NEWTON-SMITH, 88 Cedar St., Cambridge, Ontario, Canada N1S 1V8, PH: (519) 623-6302, E-mail: info@nsaauctions.com.

NOVEMBER 4 - ELKTON, MARYLAND Tri-State Bottle Collectors and Diggers Club, 35th Annual Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM) at the Singerly Fire Hall, Routes 279 & 213, Elkton, Maryland. INFO: DAVE BROWN, PH: (302) 738-9960.

NOVEMBER 11 - PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA The Pittsburgh Antique Bottle Club’s Annual Show & Sale (9 AM 2 PM, Early Buyers 7 AM) at The Ice Garden, Rostraver Twp (Exit 46B off I-70 to Rt. 51 North, 4.1 miles), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. INFO: BOB DeCROO, PH: (714) 326-8741 or JAY HAWKINS, PH: (724) 872-6013, E-mail: 1hawkins63@msn.com.

NOVEMBER 18 - GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA Southeast Bottle Club 6th Annual Antique Bottle & Collectibles Show & Sale (9 AM - 3 PM, Early Buyers 7:30 AM) at the Greensboro Farmer’s Curb Market, Greensboro, North Carolina. INFO: REGGIE LYNCH, PH: (704) 221-6489, www.antiquebottles.com/greensboro

Bottles and Extras

Wanted: Colored Hutchinsons Have Penn. Colored Hutches in trade for ones I need

Buy or Trade Highest Prices Paid California • Eastern Cider Co. (Amber) • Paul Jeenicke, San Jose (Emerald Green) Colorado • C.A. Montag, Buena Vista (Amber & Green) Connecticut • Perkins Root Beer, Bristol (Amber) • W.H. McEnroe, New Britain (Amber) • Moriarity & Carbross, Waterbury (Amber) Georgia • Augusta Brewing Co., Augusta (Amber) Illinois llinois • Independent Bottling Works, Chicago (Green) • Miller & Kluetsch, Chicago (Amber) • Chicago Consolidation Bottling Co., Chicago (Amber) • Peoria Seltzer Water (Cobalt) • Chas. Singer, Peoria (Amber) • Lohrberg Bros, Red Bud (Green) Indiana • K&C (Cobalt) • Wyeth & Wyeth, Terre Haute (Amber) Kansas • H.E. Dean, Great Bend (Amber) Kentucky • The City Bottling Works, Louisville (Cobalt) • Geo. Stang, Louisville (Cobalt) Michigan • M Jos De Guise, Detroit (Amber) • Michigan Bottling Works J.W. Koch, Detroit (Amber) • Quackenbush Bros., Grand Rapids (Green) • C.O.D. Bottling Works, Jackson (Cobalt) • Property of Sprudel Water Co., Mt. Clements (Amber) • The Twin City Bottling Works, Chas. Klein, Prop. (Cobalt) Nebraska • Pomy & Segelke, Omaha (Amber) New Jersey • N. Masington, Camden (Amber) New York • F.H. Berghoefer, Binghamton (Amber)

• F.A. Jennings, Hudson (Cobalt) • Manor Bottling Works, New York (Lime Yellow) • Sand Altamont, N.Y. (Cobalt) • Thompson & Stebbins, Rochester (Amber) • D.J. Whelan, Troy (Cobalt) • Lavender & Co., Pennyan, N.Y. (Green) Ohio • A. Dalin Ashtabula, Harbor (Amber & Cobalt) • J.I. Marsh, Portsmouth (Amber) • Jos X Laube, Akron (Amber & Cobalt) • M.J. Tyrer, Newark (Apple Green) • The Consolidated Bottling Co., Lima (Cobalt) • Lake Erie Bottling Works, Toledo (Amber & Cobalt) • Miller Becker & Co., Cleveland (Olive Green) • Voelker Bros., Cleveland (Cornflower & Cobalt) Oklahoma • O.K. City Bottling Works, C.G. Frost (Amber) Pennsylvania • Jno. J. Bahl., Allentown (Green) • Goudie Mol & Co., Allentown (Green) • P.H. Reasbeck, Braddock (E. Green) • Johnson & Bros., Delta (Green) • J.C. Buffum & Co. City Bottling House, Pittsburgh (Cobalt) • Royal Bottling House, J Ungler, Pittsburgh (Amber) • J.W. Reis Ginger Ale, Laurel Street, Pottsville (Cobalt) • Ridgeway Bottling Works, R. Power (Cobalt) • F.J. Brennan, Shenandoah (Yellow) • Ashland Bottling Works, Ashland (Amber) • Johnson & Bros., Delta (Amber) • Phil Fisher, Pittsburgh (Citron) • Eagle Bottling Works, York (Amber) • Seeters Vighy & Carbonated Beverages, L. Cohen & Sons Pittsburgh (Amber & Citron) • Laffey & Harrigan, Johnstown (Cobalt) • Turchi Bros., Philadelphia (Citron) • J.F. Deegan, Pottsville (Various colors) • Union Bottling Works, Pittsburgh (Citron) South Carolina • Claussen Bottling Works, Charleston (Amber) • P.J. Serwazi, Manayunk (Olive Green) Texas • Kennedy Bottling Works, Kennedy (Amber) Wisconsin • Jos. Wolf, Milwaukee (Amber & Cobalt) • M. Gondrezick, Tomah (Green)

R.J. BROWN 4119 CROSSWATER DRIVE TAMPA, FL 33615 (813) 888-7007 RBROWN4134@AOL.COM

Cobalt Blue Spirit Bottles

FOHBC c/o June Lowry 401 Johnston Court Raymore, MO 64083

Bottles andExtras

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Periodicals

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