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Vol. 14 No. 2 Spring 2003

The New

The Magazine of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors

The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors No. 154

Vol. 14 No. 2 Spring 2003 April - June

On the Cover: One-gallon blue and white banded Jack Daniel jug. Gunter’s Tip Top Saloon. Reverse: “Drink Jack Daniel Old No. 7 Whiskey.” Half-gallon, 3-gallon UHL pottery and half-gallon jugs. Cone Higgin’s Ink bottle.

Table of Contents Collector’s Spotlight Diane Cauwels...............................29

Wyoming - Hutchinson Bottles Warren Borton............................48

Show Report Muncie, Indiana..........................4

What If? - Counterfactual History Champagne Cecil Munsey..................................31

Utah: Valley Tan Remedies Stan Sanders...............................50

The Root Family Museum Bill Baab......................................6

Ginger Ale’s Irish Roots Ken Previtali..................................32

Federation Business President’s Message..................8

Flasks and Tokens - The Connection Duane H. Feisel..............................34

Regional Reports........................................9

Higgins Ink Fred Holabird.................................36 Bryan Grapentine..........................38

Bottle Buzz...................................................2 Recent Finds................................................3

Show Report Auburn, California.....................13 Ginger Beer and Root Beer Heritage Don Yates....................................14 Fulpers of Flemington Jack Sullivan.............................18 Collecting Soda Tokens Michael Greenspan..................22 Jack Daniels Distillery, History and Memorabilia Donald and Diane Cauwels...24

Glass House Paper Carl Strum.......................................40 Let’s Talk About Ink Ed and Lucy Faulkner...................41 Veterinary Roundtable Mike Smith, DVM...........................44

North Carolina - Shore, NC Jugs Clarence “Corky” Shore............53 Oregon - Brewery Mugs C. A. Gilbert................................54 Oregon - Albany Brewery 1884-1906 Dave Scafani...............................55 Collecting Bottles by State - the Ioway Part 1 - Druggist Bottles Michael Burggraaf....................56 Evansville Glass Company 1903-1908 Marg Iwen...................................58 Membership Display and Advertising Rates.............................................66 Classified Ads.............................................67

Missouri - Collecting St. Louis Blob Soda Bottles Curt Faulkenberry.........................47

FOHBC Show-Biz Show Listings.............................68

WHO DO I CONTACT ABOUT THE MAGAZINE? To ADVERTISE, SUBSCRIBE or RENEW a subscription, see PAGE 66 for DETAILS. To SUBMIT A STORY, send a letter to the Editor or have comments and concerns, Contact Kathy Hopson, B&E Editor, 1966 King Springs Road, Johnson City, TN 37601 or E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com BOTTLES AND EXTRAS (ISSN 1050-5598) is published quarterly (4 Issues per year) by the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. (a nonprofit IRS C3 educational organization) at 1021 W. Oakland Avenue, #109, Johnson City, TN 37604, (423) 282-5533; Internet Address: http://www.fohbc.com. Periodicals Postage Paid at Johnson City, TN 37601. Pub #005062.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Bottles & Extras, June Lowry, 401 Johnston Court, Raymore, MO 64083. Annual subscription rate is: $30.00 (+$15.00 for Air Mail inside the U.S.), Canada: $35.00 (+$14.00 for Air Mail), Overseas: $45.00 Surface (U.S. funds) (+$15.00 Air Mail). Phone: 816-3180160. We assume no responsibility for products and services advertised. Printing establishment: Central Plains Book Mfg., Winfield, KS 67156 The names: Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and Bottles and Extras, are copyrighted names of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., and no use of either, other than as references to, may be used without expressed written consent from the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc. Certain material contained in this publication is copyrighted and remains the sole property of the Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors, Inc., while others remain property of the submitting authors. Detailed information concerning a particular article may be obtained from the Editor.

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Spring 2003

Bottle Buzz Notes, Letters, etc.

Send BuzzNotes to: Kathy Hopson, E-mail: kathy@thesodafizz.com or write to: Buzz, 1966 King Springs Rd, Johnson City TN 37601

Outhouses Do Not Provide Significant Archaeological Resources Ron Stockman, MLRC From the 1st Chicago Bottle Club Dolton IL Recently some newspaper articles have appeared concerning archaeologists complaining that so-called "looters" are digging up old outhouses and absconding with "historical treasures." They state outhouses provide a significant source of important cultural archaeology, and when disturbed, cause a great loss to the American people.

MLRC disagrees with these allegations. What is usually found in old privies are dropped coins, old bottles and various lost articles, which came to rest there by accident, or on purpose.

All the items found are in our country's history. Archaeologists who consider these artifacts to be of significance have lost sight of what the science is supposed to be all about: the discovery of sites and objects heretofore unknown to society.

Most archaeologists who would even concern themselves with outhouses are archaeologists in name only and, in our opinion, are nothing but mere collectors themselves.

One newspaper story stated a whole new market for collectibles has opened up with the advent of the Internet, wherein such artifacts as Southwestern ancient Indian pottery could fetch several thousand dollars.

This was a clever ploy to distract the reader; how many Indian pottery pieces can one assume would be found in old outhouses?

There is a distinct difference between Indian pottery and the dropped items in an outhouse, but the average reading public does not catch the difference, and so is led to believe that looters are raping the Native American's past through outdoor toilets.

Cultural archaeology has become

the present rage, and through this title, many archaeologists and historians try to "umbrella" everything old into everything that must be only in the hands of the professionals.

The name in front of archaeology may change, but the arms of the science remain the same. Space science involves the study of space, but it does not mean that private citizens should never possess a meteor fragment, or build space rockets of their own. Geology is an important science, but it does not mean people may not pick up rocks.

Archaeology, as practiced in some quarters, seems to aim for control of everything old, without there being the room, or interest, to display it.

Archaeology, when utililzed for private knowledge, is no more than collecting for one's private collection.

Often the citizen collector is lamblasted becasue they happen to sell, or trade, some of what they have found. The hobbies of coin, art, gun, stamp, doll, and many other types of collecting, often hold large shows to buy, sell or trade. What is wrong with that? Nothing! Except it works as good propaganda to place the citizen collector in the light of a money-crazed looter, out to pillage and plunder for the sake of profit. Professionals who engage in this type of slander are a sorry lot indeed.

Citizen collectors play a significant role in protecting the commonly manufactured artifacts of old from disappearing the scene altogether.

They provide a place for the young to learn, and the old to teach.

Digging in old outhouses is the domain of the citizen collector, with permission from the landowner, of course.

It is not a place for the archaeologist, because all that an archaeologist needs in knowledge can be found in public records.

It is not the objects which provide the science with true meaning, but the discovery of the new and different.

Bottles and Extras Citizen collectors need to take pride in what they do, and be prepared to challenge the wayward archaeologist and historian every time a story is planted on TV, or in a newspaper.

Be prepared to defend your hobby, and to do it well armed with common sense facts. The public only becomes hostile when the other side of the story is not represented. That is the art of your job.

CORRECTION: There were two errors in the listing of the Top 25 Georgia bottles published in the Winter 2003 issue of Bottles & Extras.

1. The teal Jones & Company No. 11 bottle is not a crowntop — more like a squat soda with a Saratoga-type top — and is from Atlanta and not Marietta. The company’s address was on Marietta Street in Atlanta.

2. The No. 25 Life Everlasting Bitters from Atlanta should have been listed in amber and not aqua.

The author apologizes for the errors.

— Bill Baab From the Editor: Cecil Muncey has provided a newly updated article index for past articles of Bottles & Extras, beginning with March 1990 to the current issue for the FOHBC.com Website. Be sure to check it out! Information will be coming soon of how to obtain copies of past articles.

The Mid-February Newsletter contained a Membership Form for the Directory currently being planned. If you have not already sent yours back, please take a moment to do so now.

Also, information was in the Newsletter regarding the change in Free Ads. Remember, for it to be successful -requires participation. Send yours today also!

Deadlines! It seems that like most of us with busy lives wait until the last minute. Please consider the lead-time necessary to print this magazine, and send your ads, etc., to be received well in time for the upcoming issue.

As a reminder, anything intended for Summer’s Issue needs to reach me no later than 20th May, and 20th August for the Fall issue. Anything received after these dates cannot be guaranteed for inclusion in the issue.

ALSO - Thanks to everyone who has helped make this issue possible! -KH

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003

Recent Finds Lou Lambert of Sebastopol, California, came up with an unlisted California pumpkinseed flask from a privy during the Winter of 2003. Embossed CAFE ROYAL / JOYCE / & ORNDORFF / PROP. / FLOOD BLDG. S. F., it was a half-pint in size. The bottle was listed on EBay, but failed to make reserve due to a flash in the shoulder. Lou indicates that it was a wonder that it survived, considering that it was surrounded by a thick layer of the dreaded broken plates.

This bottle is an interesting one from the standpoint of the proprietors and the history of the Cafe Royal. M. E. Joyce and James W Orndorff are first noted in San Francisco in 1884 as proprietors of the Baldwin Hotel Bar and Billiard Rooms in the Hotel Baldwin. Located at the Northeast corner of Market and Powell Streets, the hotel was under the proprietorship of H.H. Pearson. The address of their enterprise was given as 18 Powell Street in 1886 and 20 Powell Street in 1887. James W Orndorff was listed as the proprietor of a saloon at 8 Eddy Street in 1887, as well.

(Pictured is a pint pumpkinseed from that period of their business history-- to date, this is a unique specimen.)

In 1889, we find M.E. Joyce and James W Orndorff at the Southwest corner of Market and 4th, the location of the Flood Building. There is no indication of their continued involvement with the Hotel Baldwin Bar in the directory from this year through 1893. They are listed as a partnership from 1889 - 1892, following which M.E. Joyce is no longer found in San Francisco in any capacity. The first listing of the bar by the name Cafe Royal is in 1893 , the listing reading "Cafe Royal, James W Orndorff Prop Restaurant, Wines, Liquors & Billiards Market SW Cor 4th."

In the 1893-4 San Francisco directory, Orndorff is noted to have taken on a partner by the last name of Hall. He is by himself in 1894, but again with Hall in 1895 at this location (801 Market Street.) J. W. Orndorff then disappears from the record until he is found as the Manager of the Baldwin Annex Cafe (Billiard Parlours) at 926 Market Street in 1901. I do not find him in San Francisco after that year.

John Thomas, in his book Picnics, Coffins, Shoo-Flies, notes that Hugo A. Hornlein and Max E. Hornlein took the proprietorship of the Cafe Royal in 1896, running it through to 1900 and taking a partner, Justis E. Krumb in that year.

The Cafe Royal apparently closed its door in 1902 when the Hornlein Brothers went into real estate and Justis Krumb went into the cigar business with James Mierson at 914 Market Street. No listing is found for the Cafe Royal from this point forward.

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Bottles and Extras

SHOW REPORTS MUNCIE, INDIANA JANUARY 12, 2003

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By June Lowry A “3-Day 1-Day Show" The Midwest Antique Fruit Jar and Bottle Club had a Sunday show, however, people begin arriving on Thursday and Friday to do a lot of room hopping.

The Federation Board met on Saturday morning and had a preview of the new Bottles and Extras Magazine and met Kathy Hopson, the new editor. Found inside was lots of information and bottle stories.

Saturday morning the "Jelly Jammers" held their annual meeting and Saturday afternoon, 128 collectors gathered for the show and tell followed by an auction, where buyers and sellers deal with each other. The club just furnished the auctioneer.

At 6:30 am Sunday morning, the displayers assembled eight beautiful and educational displays. Bill Dudley's display of George Moore stoneware won the Federation Ribbon for most educational.

A rainbow of colorful Globe jars by Greg and Garret Spurgeon was the Dealers Choice.

When the doors opened at nine o'clock a crowd rushed in and lingered for a long time.

Dealers were happy with their sales and attendees expressed great satisfaction with their purchases, and also there were some new first time dealers who were very satisfied with the show.

Other displays were of Rare Closures, Norm Barnett; Evening in Paris, Glennie Burkett; “Go Withs”, Mike Mosier:

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4 Photos: 1) June Lowry and “Pepper”. 2) The crowd at the show. 3) More of the show, at the Jar Doctor’s table. 4) Ball Juice Decanter Canning Jar Display. 5) John Pastor, FOHBC Vice-President, in deep discussion. Wonder what they are talking about?

6) Ed Provine, FOHBC Secretary, Rick Baldwin, Midwest Regional Director and John Pastor having a chat. 7) FOHBC President, Ralph Van Brocklin checking out an item on one of the tables. 8) One of the educational displays. 9) Lightening Jar Display.

10) Fruit Jar “Go-With” Display. 11) Original Closures Display. 12) Cobalt Glass Display.

Photos by Ralph Van Brocklin and Kathy Hopson.

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003

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Bottles and Extras

The Root Family Museum Story and Photos by Bill Baab Visitors flock to this east coast Florida city in search of one thing: The thrills, chills and spills of professional stock car racing. And they find all of that at worldfamous Daytona International Raceway.

Looking for a change of pace?

A s-l-o-w change?

It can be found just down the road from the speedway at the Museum of Arts and Sciences at 1040 Museum Boulevard.

You don’t have to be a collector of Coca-Cola memorabilia to enjoy the change, but it can help when you visit the museum within the museum, in this case the Root Family Museum occupying a wing of MOAS. Let’s hit the rewind button on this story and travel back in time for more than 100 years. As most collectors know, Coca-Cola entered the world in 1886. Joseph A Biedenharn of Vicksburg, Miss., is credited with bottling Coca-Cola for the first time in 1894, using a Hutchinson bottle.

But the Hutchinson, which used an iron stopper and rubber washer to seal in the contents, was neither a sanitary nor a satisfactory container. It soon gave way (during the early 1900s) to the straightsided Coca-Cola bottle with its cork-lined "crown" stopper.

The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Ind., was among the companies manufacturing the early Coca-Cola bottles. It embossed the base of its bottles with its own distinctive name — ROOT. From 1900 to 1916, bottlers of CocaCola pretty much had their own way in

Here is another view, with 1930s American Flyer kite on the wall. (1930s American Flyer kite, $325; Crossing guard sign, $1800)

designing bottles to contain the drink.

While Coca-Cola was always embossed on the bottle, bottlers sometimes added their own names such as was the case of W.L. Williams of Sandersville, Ga., whose straight-sided bottles bore his name in large block letters on their shoulders.

The Coca-Cola hierarchy decided if the drink was to reach national prominence, steps should be taken to standardize the shape of the bottle "so a person can recognize it as a Coca-Cola bottle when he feels it in the dark," explained one official.

So the company contacted each parent bottler and asked them to come up with such a design. A committee was formed to judge the design and at the bottlers’ convention in Atlanta in 1916, the Root Glass Company’s design, which was to become world famous, was chosen.

Bottles were blown in the shape of the modified final design, which was patented on Nov. 16, 1915. It was nearly four years later that the new contour-shaped bottle was being used universally. Main reason was, of course, there were millions of straight-sided Cokes in circulation and each bottler wanted to use them as long as possible.

The Coca-Cola contour bottle went unchanged until 1923 and then Chapman J. Root patented the bottle in his name.

The only noticeable change was in the date — Dec. 25, 1923 — and the bottles were popularly called "Christmas Cokes."

The Roots sold the glass company in 1932 to concentrate on bottling Coca-Cola

and in 1939 created Associated Coca-Cola Bottling Plants Inc., to consolidate its bottling facilities, according to a feature article in Central Florida Business in 1996.

During the next 30 years, the Roots’ Associated Coca-Cola became the nation’s largest independent Coke bottler with plants scattered from St. Louis and the Virgin Islands to New York to Florida. In 1982, the Roots decided to sell the bottling company back to Coca-Cola and did so for $417.5 million, which netted the Roots $238 million for their 57 percent share of the company, according to the article.

The Coca-Cola Company had acquired the contour bottle patent from Root in 1937.

So, when you walk into the Root Family Museum, it’s like stepping into a time capsule — a veritable Coca-Cola collectors’ Heaven.

The family not only collected CocaCola memorabilia, but was able to acquire most of it in pristine condition. The Roots didn’t stop at bottles, coolers and signs, but included Ford trucks driven by Coke route men during the 1920s and 1930s.

The artifacts had been housed in the

The Root Glass Company of the 1920s in Terre Haute, Indiana. Unidentified machine at the left came from the factory.

A 1930 Ford Deluxe Sedan delivery truck sits below signs. From left: 1940s rectangular ($700), 1934 round sign ($650), 1934 bottle sign ($650) and a 1914 straight-sided Coca-Cola sign ($2000).

This 1925 black Ford Model T truck hauled barrels of syrup to Coca-Cola bottlers.

At right is a 1922 Model T delivery.

(Porcelain sign - upper left - late 1930s, $850; Diamond sign, 1948-1952, $500)

Bottles and Extras private Root museum in Daytona Beach until MOAS acquired the collection in early 2000, opening it to the public in the fall of 2001, according to museum officials.

Unfortunately, the family did not produce a color catalogue in which its fantastic collection could be pictured, but photography is allowed in the Root Museum. So the author shot up two 24exposure rolls of Fuji 400 and a few of the best of the lot is featured with this article.

It’s not like seeing the real thing "up close and personal" as someone said, so the next time you’re in Florida, make it a point to see it for yourself.

Check out the museum’s gift shop where, for a nominal price, you can purchase reproductions of the Hutchinson, straight-sided and contour bottles.

If you own a personal computer, check out the Museum of Arts and Sciences web site at www.moas.org. Or, you can write to MOAS, 1040 Museum Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL 32114. Enjoy!

References: The Illustrated Guide to the Collectibles of Coca-Cola, by Cecil Munsey, 1972, Hawthorne Books, New York.

Roots Run Deep in Coca-Cola Story, article

by Jeff Kunnerth in the Orlando Sentinel’s Central Florida Business section June 3-9, 1996.

Petretti's Coca-Cola Collectibles Price Guide, 11th Edition, Allan Petretti, 2001, Antique Traders Books, Krause Publications.

Bill Baab can be reached at 2352 Devere Street, Augusta, Ga. 30904, or by E-mail: riverswamper@comcast.net.

Additional pictures will be available to this article, in full-color, at: www.fohbc.com.

Cigar store Indians pose in front of an early drug store adjacent to the Root Family Museum.

Spring 2003

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Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors

Business & News The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors is a non-profit organization for collectors of historical bottles and related collectible items. Our primary goal is educational as it relates to the history and manufacture of historical bottles and related artifacts.

FOHBC Officers 2002-2004 President : Ralph VanBrocklin, 1021 W. Oakland Ave, Suite 109, Johnson City, TN 37604 Home (423) 913-1378 Office (432) 282-8393 E-mail: thegenuine@aol.com First Vice-President : John Pastor, 7288 Thorncrest Dr. SE, Ada, MI 49301 (616) 285-7604 E-mail: JPastor2000@msn.com Second Vice-President : Jack Hewitt, 1765 Potomac Ct., Lawrenceville, GA 30043 (770) 963-0220 Secretary : Ed Provine, 401 Fawn Lake Drive, Millington, TN 38053 (901) 876-3296 Treasurer : Alan DeMaison, 6583 Berkshire Dr. Mentor, OH 44060 (440)255-3880 E-mail: violinbottle@aol.com Historian : Richard Watson, 10 S. Wendover Rd., Medford, NJ 08055 (856) 983-1364 E-mail : rewatson@bellatlantic.net Editor : Kathy Hopson, 1966 King Springs Rd., Johnson City, TN 37601 (423) 926-7160 E-mail : kathy@thesodafizz.com Merchandising Director : Margie Williams, 1835 Oak Terr., Newcastle, CA 95658 (926) 663-1510 E-mail : margie@altarfire.com; Fax : (926) 663-2030 Membership Director : Fred Holabird, 701 Gold Run Court, Reno, NV 89511 (775) 851-0837 Convention Director : Adam Koch, 10512 Northfield Rd., Northfield, OH 44067 (330) 467-1551

Business Manager / Subscriptions: June Lowry, 401 Johnston Ct., Raymore, MO 64083 E-mail : osubuckeyes71@aol.com Director-At-Large : Sheldon Baugh, 252 W. Valley, Russelville, KY 42276 (270) 726-2712; Fax : (270) 726-7618 E-mail : sheldonb@logantele.com Director-At-Large : Norman Barnett, P.O. Box 38, Flat Rock, IIN 47234 (812) 587-5560 Director-At-Large: Carl Sturm, 88 Sweetbriar Branch, Longwood, FL 32750-2783 (407) 332-7689 E-mail : glassmancarl@sprintmail.com

Midwest Region Director : Rick Baldwin, 1931 Thorpe Circle, Brunswick, OH 44212-4261 (330) 225-3576 E-mail : rsbaldwin@worldnet.att.net Northeast Region Director : Larry Fox, 5478 Route 21, Canandaiqua, NY 14424 (716) 394-8958 Southern Region Director : Tom Lines, PO Box 382831, Birmingham, AL 35238 (205) 987-0650 Western Region Director : Kent Williams, 1835 Oak Terr., Newcastle, CA 95658 (916)663-2030 Public Relations Director : Mike Polak, PO Box 30328, Long Beach, CA 90853 (562) 438-9209 E-mail : bottleking@earthlink.net

Visit us on the Web : http://www.fohbc.com

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors

President’s Message Spring 2003 For thirty years I have been actively involved in collecting and dealing in antique bottles and stoneware. In that time, one of the most significant things I have noted is the general integrity and honesty displayed by my fellow collectors-- traits which I have found to be unsurpassed by any other group with whom I have been associated. I am proud to be a member of the hobby and the Federation which represents it!

Bearing this history in mind, it is troubling for me to have to indicate to you that incidents are occurring with increasing frequency that point out that we cannot totally avoid the problems of the world around us as we escape into the world of our hobby.

In the past month I have had two separate requests for the Federation to provide some assistance to collectors who have suffered losses to the hands of thieves.

Although separated by three thousand miles, the similarity of the cases is one to note-- in each instance, the individuals were known to be away from their residences for an extended period and items were taken that only someone knowledgeable in the hobby would take.

For the East Coast collector, the theft was particularily disheartening as the burglary occurred while he was at a bottle show.

This collector suspects that the items were resold to fellow collectors.

In the case of the Western collector, it is well-known that at least one rare San Francisco beer that was taken was re-sold.

An unsuccessful legal attempt was made at recovery, but with no ability to prove that the current owner knew the item was stolen apparently there is no recourse for this collector. A friend from earlier dealings in western beers and whiskies, I can acutely sympathize with him.

Aside form the significant monetary loss sustained by these two collectors, there is the hurt that comes with realizing that they, personally, were targeted and disappointment that one of their fellow

President : Ralph VanBrocklin 1021 W Oakland Ave., Suite 109 Johnson City, TN 37604 (423) 913-1378 thegenuine@comcast.net

collectors (and probably someone they know) would stoop to this level. I share in their disappointment.

Alas, I have no answers for these members..... The Federation cannot publicize the names of individuals alleged to have perpetrated the thefts or purchased the stolen items, nor can we go to these individuals and ask that they return the items without direct proof of their knowing involvement. If a court of law does not find in favor of the wronged collector then it is not possible for us to intercede differently.

item -- I'd wander around the show with no-one watching the table and return with the comfortable knowledge that the hundreds to thousands of dollars in sales items would be there on my return.

Whether due to the tremendous escalation in value of bottles, stoneware and related advertising over the past few years or to the fact that opportunists always discover (and ruin) a good thing, the fact is that the days of safely leaving your table unattended have disappeared -- thefts are now occuring at virtually every show.

So, then, what can the Federation offer????

• We will publish reports of specific items which have been stolen where they have characteristics which would make them readily identifiable (and, thus, reportable and recoverable) • We will serve as an intermediary for forwarding reliable anonamous tips to the appropriate law enforcement authorities • We will run factual articles about convictions of individuals associated with thefts • We will forward lists of stolen items submitted to us to show chairmen so that they can be posted at the shows, potentially assisting with the recovery of the stolen items.

Again, the Federation is happy to report thefts in an attempt to eliminate the secondary market available to thieves.

But, the following is probably more effective....

Long-time dealers -- don't be so trusting.

New dealers-- watch your table or have a trusted friend do do for you.

Consider insurance to help cover any loss through theft. And.......

The Federation encourages all collectors to avoid purchasing any items which they suspect might have been stolen and to report any items offered for sale which they know to be stolen to the appropriate authorities or the Federation President. Eliminating a market for stolen items is the most certain way we have of preventing theft-- prosecuting theft is the most reliable way of eliminating it.

As troubling as the burgling (?) of collections is, the theft of items from show tables has become an even more vexing problem. For the first 25 of my years in the hobby, I can report that I never lost an

Don't do what I did at the Columbia, South Carolina show about five years ago.

Advised by the show chairman that the dealer next to me had seen a "customer" place two of my mini-jugs in his pocket and walk off, I confronted the individual and recovered my items.

The error in judgement was in not prosecuting the fellow. Other than being identified as a thief, he suffered no punishment and a chance to teach a lesson that might eliminate future theft was lost.

And, the chance to recover items for fellow dealers who later noted additional minijugs and colored pontiled umbrella inks to be missing was likely additionally lost.

The lesson -- report and prosecute!

The bad apples are out there. Let's all do what we can to ensure that they do not spoil the hobby!

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003 Hopson, and outgoing editor Dave Cheadle, to give the FOHBC magazine Bottles And Extras a new look. Well folks, if you have seen the January issue, you already know they really worked together as a team. The magazine is fantastic. It has all the looks of becoming the leading effort in connecting all bottle collectors and enthusiasts and keeping them informed, educated and aware. Who could ask for more?

Ralph leaves little if anything to be desired in a leader. For those of us who have served on behalf of our local bottle clubs, we know how important this is to the hobby. We also know how demanding it is of our time and resources. We must do our best to help Ralph keep up his zeal.

There are little things all of us can do to help. We will talk about this at the meeting.

We will be fortunate to have two of our Hall of Famers in attendance. Of course this would be Howard Dean and Burt Spiller. You just can’t expect to break bread with two nicer guys. I promise to have a couple of entertaining stories about both.

I promise to make this a short but very interesting meeting. Its main purpose will be to gather information from all of you so that I may work on your behalf most effectively in the coming year. With your support this will be a very promising year.

On May 5th the Mohawk Bottle Show will be held at Herkimer County Fairgrounds. This is approximately 40 minutes from Rome. Closer hotels are

9 available in Utica, but me - I am staying right next to the Beeches at The Paul Revere. The turning Stone Casino is just a short drive from the Beeches if you feel the need to roll the dice or play a shoe or pull on the one arm bandit, this is a great casino with fantastic entertainment. There is tons of stuff to do in this area. I will put together a little packet for everyone shortly.

Come join us! You will not be sorry. My biggest motivation in life as I become more mature [did not want to say grow older] is to show everybody I can, how to get the most out of life. This is something that was taught to me by all my bottle collecting friends. This hobby has given my life so much fulfillment and I want others to have this experience.

displays again. If anyone is interested in doing a display for the Findlay Bottle show in October call Fred Curtis at 1-419-424-0486. During the show and tell Tom Brown shared an Ohio Chauffeurs badge and Fred Curtis showed a cardboard display piece selling soap with three soaps in shapes of animals.

Robertus suggested a program on collections other than bottles. To answer that request, Steve Ketcham gave a brief history on glass whimsies. He stated that glassblowers would blow whatever they wanted on their free time other than actual production items. Some they gave away and others they would keep. Steve had a great looking glass pipe trimmed with contrasting colors like blue roping effect. He also had a beautiful mantel ornament ball on a stand, which reflected the room lights. The Calhoun’s reached into those cupboards housing their collection of pharmacy material, including those cures for everything, which we all wished worked. Gwen also had a flow blue plate showing Winston Churchill with WWII planes and military.

Northeast Regional News Larry Fox 5478 Route 21 Canandaigua, NY 14424 (718) 394-8958 brer-fox@msn.com The Mohawk Valley Bottle Collectors Association of Whitesboro NY has graciously offered to host this years meeting for the Northeast District of the FOHBC. This will be held May 3, 2003 12.00 PM at The Beeches in Rome, NY. A brewery tour in Utica will be available to all who are interested at 3:00 P.M. The Beeches is one of the finest restaurants you can imagine. It is in the former estate home of a renowned Rome doctor. The home was constructed in 1927 out of cut quarry stone. The architecture is quite impressive and the atmosphere is unbelievable. The food is fantastic and the desserts have been pre-approved by Doc Spiller. We will be ordering from their menu, which ranges from very simple to the quite exquisite.

There is allot to be discussed and an agenda will be available for all interested in attending. If you have anything to be discussed, please contact me and I will make sure it gets on the todo list. This is a very important year for the FOHBC. Our new President Ralph Van Brocklin has been very busy. He has worked closely with our new editor, Kathy

Midwest Regional News Ron Hands 386 Spring Grove Drive Tallmadge, Ohio 44278 (330) 634-1977 rshands225@yahoo.com The Findlay Antique Bottle Club, Findlay, Ohio, “The Whittle Mark”

Minnesota’s First Antique Bottle ClubMinnetonka, Minnesota, “The Bottle Diggers Dope”

Fred Curtis, show chairman for the October show, has designed a new layout for the show. The new layout will hopefully generate interest in doing

At the last club meeting, Steve Ketcham agreed to represent their club, being the main contact with the Federation and Ralph Van Brocklin. President Dave

May 4th 12:00 PM meeting and lunch at The Beeches Rome NY May 4th 3:00 PM brewery tour Utica May 5th Bottles Along the Mohawk Herkimer County Fairgrounds Exit 30 or 31 Route 90 For info on the bottle show, contact: Fred Capozella 1108 Rutger Streeet Utica, NY 315-724-1026 fcapozella@hotmail.com If you want to attend the meeting on May 4th, please respond to: Larry Fox 5478 Route 21 South Canandaigua, NY 14424, Phone: (585) 394-8958 or brer-fox@msn.com.

10 The Midwest Antique Fruit Jar and Bottle Club, The Glass Chatter Flat Rock, Indiana

Spring 2003 The Metropolitan Detroit Antique Bottle Club, Detroit, Michigan “The Slug Plate”

The January meeting of the club was held at the Radisson Hotel in Muncie, Indiana and held in conjunction with the Midwest Fruit Jar and Bottle show. During the fruit jar get together; Marv Juel shared a pail with a label for Cudahy’s Selected Brains which was filled with old paraffin disks with a string embedded. These wax disks were used for sealing canning jars and some clever person decide save them for a collector to find. Chuck Erb (that Globe jar guy) donated a half-gallon Trademark Lighting to the auction with proceeds going the club coffers. Jar czar, Greg Spurgeon of Terre Haute, Indiana shared six glass lids which there is no known jars.

They include a citron lid for a Haines Patent, an amber Mason’s Patent with a Hero Cross in the center, a cobalt Moore’s Patent, a cornflower blue Gem with the cross in the center, and a dark amber Haines Patent. Perry Driver from Florida shared an amber J.M. Clark Louisville, KY with the original metal closure. These jars were thought to take a waxed cork as a closure. Dan Corker of Virginia shared a grouping of ½ pint and ¾ pint Cohansey jars. Don (Mr. Mason) Burkett of Michigan a Columbus Mason Patent 1858 and an unlisted color IGCO above Mason Patent. Bill Dudley won the FOHBC Most educational display with George Scott Moore Pottery. Greg Spurgeon won the dealers choice with a great display of colored Globe jars in pint to half gallon.

In the last meeting, the club went over the specifics of their Mini-Show which was January 29, 2003 at the Hunter Community Center in Clawson, Michigan. The final topic at the meeting was a reminder that Bruce Heckman has reserved showcase space at the Rochester Library for an informational bottle display. The club is start giving serious consideration for a committee to assemble something interesting for this opportunity to promote our hobby.

Needed: Midwest Regional Reporter Contact: thegenuine@comcast.net or kathy@thesodafizz.com

President Al DeMasion thanked all 110 members that attended, for make the Christmas Dinner such a success. Adam Koch discussed the up coming Columbus Ohio Show on February 16, 2003. There will be about 175 tables sold for this show.

Bill Koster reported that contracts have been set out the May 2003 Mansfield Ohio show. As of the January meeting 120 tables have been sold and 300+ table sales are expected. If you haven’t heard, club member and ginger beer king, Don Yates has authored a very good book on ginger beers titled “ Ginger Beers and Root Beer Heritage”. The best-acquired bottle of the month was Darl Fifer with a brilliant sapphire blue scroll flask. The best dug bottle was Amy Estremera was D. Shay beer from Cleveland. Best acquired anything but bottles was by Ted Krist with a fantastic double handle 3 gal stoneware jug with a cobalt decoration and debossed “Thurston and Clemmer” MOGADORE, O. This was a great piece.

Mike Burggraaf, the club newsletter editor had the good fortune of acquiring a collection of miscellaneous historical papers and advertising from the original Midwest distributor for the Wm. Radam Microbe Killer Company. The collection originally belonged to D.W. Ham, who operated the Midwest sales depot at Minneapolis, Minnesota. While there are no bottles or jugs in the grouping, the historical significance is fantastic. Include in the collection are many letters of correspondence related to the company form 1905 through the late 1930’s. There are lots of promotional books, pamphlets, along with advertising cards and labels, many bearing the attractive Wm. Radam Microbe Killer logo. There are two real photo post cards showing elaborate drug store displays of Radam’s logo. There should be enough information to write a small book with much previously unknown history of the company. Most importantly, there are several hardbound binders marked “ What is said of Wm. Radam Microbe Killer for curing Diseases”. These binders appear to have come from the main offices in New York and contain hundreds of original testimonials from people all over the United States. Most of the testimonials date from the turn of the century and range from farmers to opera singers to sheriffs and nearly every occupation in between.

One man from Mississippi claimed that his family had used no less than 150 jugs of the Microbe Killer over the years with great results. I don’t know about you, but anyone want to probe that privy? Mike plans on sharing more in the future Iowa Bottleers newsletters.

newsletter.

At the top of the page Bottles & Extras readers can check on their personal computers ( w w w. a n t i q u e b o t t l e s . c o m / southeast/) is an early 1900s post card showing the plant. Down the page is a Belle of Georgia label from the company’s flagship beer This Southern Region editor has labeled Belle of Georgia and Belle of Carolina bottles in his collection.

Lynch downloaded several photos of interest, including the side panel

of a pontiled bottle embossed DOCTOR FRANK’S/TURKEY FEBRIFUGE/FOR THE CURE OF/FEVER & AGUE. He commented that "you never see TURKEY on a bottle, especially a pontiled cure."

C’mon, Reggie. How ‘bout that Wild Turkey bourbon?

A 3 Centa Drink sign, a Sol. Bear & Co. Native Wines, Wilmington, N.C., letter opener, and an 1898 C. Valaer Bottling Works, Charlotte, N.C., letterhead (showing a Hutchinson bottle) were among the go-withs.

E-Bay finds included a metal basin for marine access.

The Ohio Bottle Club, Barberton, Ohio “The Swirl”

Southern Regional News Bill Baab 2352 Devere Street Augusta, GA 30914 (706) 736-8097 riverswamper@comcast.net Reggie Lynch featured artifacts from the Augusta Brewing Company (1888-1921) on the front page of his 17page Southeast Bottle Club February

The Iowa Fairfield, Iowa

Bottles and Extras Antique Bottleers

Bottles and Extras plate embossed ROSE/THE DISTILLERS / ATLANTA dug in Kennesaw, Ga. ($102), an aqua blobtop beer embossed FRED C. MUNZLER/CHARLOTTE, N.C. ($227), a gorgeous cobalt skull poison embossed JUNE 26TH, 1894 PATENT ($1,205), and a teal Pepsi-Cola from Newberry, S.C. ($406).

Those were joined by a rare amber J.W. COPELAND/ALKALITHIA SPRINGS/N.C. ($211), a 1984 signed Lanier Meaders face jug from Cleveland, Ga. ($954) and a 1942 5 Centa bottle ($305).

Johnnie Fletcher, president of the Oklahoma Territory Antique Bottle & Relic Club, published a "Duke’s Mixture" in his Oklahoma Territory News for February. It contained a little bit of this and a little bit of that.

His newspaper, The Daily Oklahoman, published a Chinese snuff bottle feature which Fletcher was able to reproduce including a color shot of 15 snuffs. He also reprinted the Sunday Oklahoman’s feature about the Oklahoma Frontier Drug Store Museum in Guthrie.

The museum is on the site of Oklahoma’s first pharmacy.

From somewhere, Fletcher found an interesting feature on "Gutta-Percha, The Plastic of Yesteryear," the substance some early golf balls were made of.

Fletcher’s digging buddy, Kenny Burbrink and the latter’s wife, Amber, penned a digging feature entitled, "Bottle Digging Is A Lot Like Baseball."

(Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose and sometimes you strike out).

In this case, Burbrink and digging buddy Gary Hiebert hit a home run in Osage City, Kan., uncovering a mint Moxie Nerve Tonic, and a drug store bottle embossed W,W. Hanslip/Druggist/Osage City, Kan., a previously unknown bottle.

So it wasn’t just a home run, but a grand slam for Burbrink, who didn’t have an "O" Kansas town druggist bottle in his collection.

Bill and Sally Marks, co-editors of the Diggers Dispatch, newsletter of the M-T Bottle Collectors Association of DeLand, Fla., said members have been concentrating on the club’s 33rd annual Antique Bottle, Insulator and Collectibles Show and Sale on March 15.

The January club meeting featured a show and tell session during which Lester Stoll displayed a clear glass figural Light House Vinegar and a North

Spring 2003 Dakota centennial Coke bottle. Maureen Pallasch showed a bed bug poison bottle and a Vapo Cresolene bottle complete with cardboard box. Instructions said to use the ingredients, which contained a vaporizer stand and lamp with milk glass chimney, while one infected by whooping cough sleeps.

George Scott, a wood carver club member, showed off a six-foot-tall walking staff with a bat and a unicorn carved from a single piece of ironwood.

The Markses reprinted Raleigh Bottle Club president David Tingen’s presentation on bottle closures.

Charlie Barnette has taken over the chore of editor of The Groundhog Gazette, newsletter of The State of Franklin (Tenn.) Antique Bottle & Collectibles Association, of which he also is third-term president and Gray show chairman. The name of Rob Kesner, the club secretary, was misspelled in last month’s Southern Region notes. Our apologies.

In the January issue, Barnette updated a well-researched story about the Nickels House and Isaac A. Nickels first published by Scott Grandstaff and Kitty Roach in the May 1993 Bottles & Extras.

It’s also a story about early doings in Bristol, Tenn., and Bristol, Va. While too long for these notes, I must share a portion of it with B&E readers: Prior to 1890, a double three-hole privy served as the "rest room" for the Nickel House.

According to the story, "it was located in the back of the building and up on the railroad embankment. And, it was reportedly high above the hotel well.

"According to a former servant at the hotel (she was 95 in 1953), the outhouse was so located that one peering out the small square air hole at head level might conclude that an approaching train was heading straight at the shaky little shed. At night, a train swinging around that nearby curve cast its headlight right into that little window, thus intensifying the illusion.

"More than one new guest was known to have quickly ‘abdicated the throne’ and jumped from the privy with their clothing not quite arranged for public appearance."

Barnette also published a list of Orange Crush bottlers in Tennessee and Kentucky in 1925, which he gleaned from

11 a copy of Orange Crush Bottlers magazine.

He also printed a listing of Johnson City, Tenn., bottles and Tri-City Beverage Co., bottles.

The club is getting ready for its fifth annual bottle show on May 2-3. More about this later.

Horse Creek Valley Antique Bottle Club is the name of South Carolina’s newest club organized Jan. 20 at the old Bath Mill office.

Geneva Green of Langley, S.C., was elected president, Larry Calhoun of Saluda, S.C., is vice president, Bill Baab of Augusta is secretary and Mike Newman of Augusta is treasurer. Mrs. Green is founder of the club.

Newman gave a brief talk on Augusta sodas, while Baab was scheduled to give a talk on Augusta antique bottles at the club’s February meeting. The club meets the third Monday of each month at the Bath Mill office.

Show and tell sessions, a club auction and a show are in future plans of the club, located in Aiken County’s historical Horse Creek Valley. The club will soon become a member of the federation.

NAME YOUR POISON: Mrs. Joan Cabaniss of Huddleston, Va.., sent a flyer about the Antique Poison Bottle Collectors Association. Membership includes three newsletters, with free want, sell and trade ads encouraged. Single and family dues are $10 annually. Contact Mrs. Cabaniss at 312 Summer Lane, Huddleston, VA 24104, or check out the web site at antique.poisonbottle.com.

BAYNHAM RESEARCHER DIES: Mrs. Nancy Fulmer Baynham, 71, of Aiken, S.C., died Friday, Jan. 24. She spent many years researching the genealogy of her husband’s (Ronald O. Baynham) family. Much of what she learned was published in a 1999 book called "BAYNHAM." She traced the growth of the family’s utilitarian pottery business from just after the Civil War to the late 1960s, starting with patriarch Joseph G. Baynham in Trenton, S.C. The pottery stopped making jugs, churns, etc., about 1940 and became a flower pot factory. It went out of business about 1968.

BOOK REVIEW: Fifteen years ago, Donald Yates was working in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, and during his lunch hours, he’d walk down to Lake Erie. During the inner harbor project, the construction company had dredged out a

12 "I found my first ginger beer bottle there under two feet of water and retrieved it with a hoe," Yates said. "It was a Crown Ginger Beer Company stoneware bottle. I did some research and found the company (1906-1924) listed in an old Cleveland City Directory. I wrote a letter to the Astrup Awning Company, the business resident currently at that address, and received a letter from its president, John Kirk. He sent me a brief history of his business and a plat plan of the business.

The latter showed the buildings occupied by the ginger beer firm."

Two hundred and ninety-nine stoneware bottles later, Donald Yates and his wife, Betsy, have published their second book covering ginger beers. Their first — American Stone Ginger Beer and Root Beer — was published in 1996.

Their latest book is titled Ginger Beer and Root Beer Heritage, 1790 to 1930, and if you don’t know anything

Spring 2003 about either ginger beer or root beer, you will after reading this book. (See more about this book beginning on page 14.)

Unless you’re a speed reader, it will take awhile for you to digest the contents of this 400-page softbound book, mostly because you’ll be distracted by its 2,000 color photos.

Extra-added attractions are the color photos of the awesome collection at the Root Beer Museum in Pottsville, Pa.; the sparkling glass ginger beer bottles from the shelves of Columbia, S.C., collector Bill Williams, and the fabulous works of nationally known artist Lee Dubin.

The Yateses did not write the whole book. They edited the contributions from a host of their collector-friends, who were willing to share their expertise on various related subjects.

The book’s contents don’t stop at the Canadian border. No indeed. Bottles

Bottles and Extras from our good neighbor’s provinces are included.

The Yateses have assigned a numerical code to each bottle and supplied the companies’ dates in business and the estimated market value.

By the way, if you’re interested in making a batch of either ginger or root beer, there’s enough information in this book to help you become an expert "brewer."

The book is available from Donald Yates, 8300 River Corners Road, Homerville, OH 44235 for $35 plus $4 shipping.

There is a companion volume published in 1995 by David Graci, one of the Yates book’s contributors. American Stoneware Bottles, A History and Study, is still available from Graci for $24.95 plus $2 shipping at P.O. Box 726, South Hadley, MA 01075-0726.

already been “dry” for 20 years by the time the 18’th amendment was passed? There were also 40 million gallons of whiskey held in bond for medicinal and industrial purposes. I once had a paperlabeled flask that had been prescribed for medicinal purpose. What the purpose was, I’ll leave to your imagination but it sure looked like a regular pint of hooch to me.

The computer broke down and she was apologizing for not covering as much as she could have. So touching to be so concerned and after all, giving us aggravation at every opportunity is what computers do for a living, don’t they?

Western Regional News Scott Grandstaff Box 409 Happy Creek, CA 96039 scottg@snowcrest.net Evening Friends Quite a bit has happened since we last spent time together. I got a scrumptious show report to share. In case you didn’t get to go, Auburn Ca. is one of the west’s largest shows, year after year.

Just to get things going I’m about to leave you in the ever so capable hands of Ken and Dar of the LAHBC’S WHITTLEMARK (See Show Report on following page.)

I see in the Digger’s Dirt of the Reno ABC that plans for the annual summer show are well underway. It’s going to be July 12 this year so adjust your calendars. It was really good to see familiar the names of Helene Walker, Willy Young and Loren Love. Old friends.

The Dump Digger’s Gazette of the Colorado ABCC has a great tale of Prohibition and what it all really meant.

Did you know that 1/3 of the country had

I really like that there is an Ebay report on items of local interest that is compiled, except I don’t see a by-line.

Who does this, guys? It’s very cool.

The Punkin Seed of the Las Vegas AB&CC You should see the organization it takes to put on the fabulous Feb show every year. There are 2 pages of job descriptions and schedule where shifts for each job are outlined. No wonder it’s such a winner of a show every year.

Ruth Dougherty tells of her life in Michigan and how WW11 affected it.

The moving to Washington DC with 1000 other women for the war effort. Nice life story, really nice.

The AtoZ Collector of the Phoenix ABCC has a nice little note on the back by newsletter editor Patty George.

I notice on the directors list a certain Ron Hartnett listed as “grunt”.

I wonder what exactly defines this job and how he got it. People have called me “Lug” often enough I reckon it must be close. I love how little vignettes of ghost towns and how they came to be and got their names are ancluded regularly. Sure are some interesting old town names in Arizona.

The Corker of the Golden Gate HBS had a nice little short history of Cyrus Noble and the famous whiskey concern. It was by Russell and Kitty Umbraco and it sure was nice to read those names even if it was an old article.

(Also see Winter 2003 Issue of Bottles and Extras.)

More old friends. I’m still catching up here and it’s fun!

See you next time Yours, Scott

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003

13

SHOW REPORTS AUBURN, CALIFORNIA DEC 7-8, 2002

By Ken and Dar Wow, it's a long way to Auburn.

The Show was held in two buildings at the Gold Country Fairgrounds in Auburn. We arrived at the show about 1:30, and bought our early bird passes from a young man of about 10-12 years of age. I hope he was associated with the Auburn Club, and not an entrepreneur.

Dar and I wandered around looking for friendly faces. There was a lot of activity going on as the dealers were setting up their wares. Lots of dealers and early birds were coming and going.

Someone came on the public address system to announce that some scoundrel had stolen a very expensive perfume bottle when a dealer wasn't looking. Everyone was warned to be vigilant and watch out for each other’s merchandise.

The first Club members that we ran across was Don and Val Wippert. They were out early in hopes of finding a good bargain or two.

Chuck Erickson had a table of old Whiskys, and old bottles that he had dug in the L.A. area. Tim Blair had a table loaded with old glass. Ed Kuskie had a couple of tables loaded with his usual collection of exotic bottles and glass ware.

We next ran into Don and Mary Mullally.

Don was looking at all of the old whiskys that were for sale. Then we ran into Brad and Brenda Topper with their two kids.

Brad was clutching a bag that held his, "winner". Bob Hirsch and his wife Carole were there, too. Bob was looking at the whisky bottles, but couldn't seem to find anything in his price range!

Bill Hamm had just released the latest edition of his book when Hirsch and Erickson rescued their now famous Chalmers Cataba Bitters bottle from a privy. He was advised that he would have to issue a revision to his book right away.

He took an immediate exception to that idea. Just kidding, Mr. Hamm. The way Hirsch and Ericksons' luck is going, better hold off on those revisions until at least next year.

We ran into Warren Lhotka, a dealer from Washington State, that we have met a shows before. Dar and I bought an ink and a poison bottle from him. His

jealous detractors call him "the old hippie from Washington State". He seems to take it good naturedly.

We also met fellow diggers, Jim and Julie Dennis from Dufur, Oregon.

Julie is a collector of inks, so she and Dar chatted about the, "keepers" that they had acquired since their last meeting.

We had the pleasure of finally meeting Dave Hall. For some reason, we never could find him at other shows. I had started calling him the, "invisible Dave Hall". We also met Tom Spellman, who was with Dwayne Anthony of the San Bernardino Bottle Club. Tom said that he has been a member of the LAHBC for 30 years, but has only been to a couple of meetings. Just raised my eyebrows on hearing that.

There we a lot of other dealers that we recognized from other shows and swap meets. Wish I could list them all, but I don't know all of their names. I do remember Ceceliam, and her husband, that sells at the Rosebowl Swap Meet. Dar has bought inks from her, and her husband every time that we see them. They always have a fine selection of bottles for sale.

We also ran into Gene and Phyllis Kimble of the San Bernardino Club, once out on the antique row of Auburn, and again at their table at the Show.

We think that this Show was great. One of the better shows of the year.

One of the better shows of the year. We got to meet a lot of our Club Members, members of the San Bernardino Club, friends and dealers from several areas.

The facilities were pretty good, too. The cement floor was really tough on bottles that got dropped. I heard at least three bottles turn into trash. The lighting in the large hall was kind of weak, too. Ask Bob Hirsch about the bottle he bought that had a ding in it. We didn’t try the food at the show, but it sure smelled good. There was a big dude out back of the snack bar that was bar-b-quing up a storm.

I almost forgot to mention the displays. The first display says that it is the rarest bottle in America. The only one known to exist. Made from black glass from Philadelphia, for Able Brown, Check out other information at the Website: fohbc.com

business partner of Ben Franklin, in 1776.

The second display was a very large collection of cobalt bottles. There were lots of sodas, inks, poisons and medicines. Very nice collection. The third display was a nice collection of unusual ceramic creamers and ceramic milk cows. The fourth display was a nice collection of embossed, etched and paper labeled Western Ammonia bottles. The fifth display was a very nice collection of American porcelain, "Face Pipes".

Dar and I attended both days of the Show. We usually just go for one day, but we were having fun talking to people, so we stuck it out ‘till Saturday evening closing.

We decided to return to L.A. by way of Hwy 49. We couldn’t make any time at all. Every little town had at least three antique shops to look through. It’s a wonder that we made it back Sunday night. Good thing, too. We would not have had enough dog food for our patient dog Max, for his next feeding on Monday morning!

Churchill’s Antique Bottle Cleaning Service Introductory Offer: I will clean one bottle for free (minus postage) !

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Excellent Bulk Rates.

Mark Churchill P. O. Box 7023 Grand Rapids, MI 49510 Phone: 616-248-3808 E-mail: mdiscoidalis@aol.com

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

GINGER BEER and ROOT BEER HERITAGE

by Donald Yates Ginger beer was probably the most perfect small beer, similar in taste to the best champagne, with sparkling effervescence.

The Jamaica ginger gave it both exquisite flavor and pungency. The yeast used in brewing, also added special character.

The soda fountain era occurred from about 1875 to 1950. The soda fountain was a perfect place for meeting, for dates, and just happy times. Even the poor could afford a treat.

In the 1905 “Soda Water Dispenser Guide” one can find hundreds of recipes for the soda fountain. There were nationwide challenges to make more exotic drinks and sundaes. One may not have heard of a new cherry punch called “Gunther’s Excelsior”, or "Hot Checkerberry Root Beer." Another popular reason to go to the soda fountain or drug store, was to celebrate birthdays.

into stoneware bottles of superior quality. In 1835, England developed a superior glazing process called Improved Bristol Glaze. After filling, these bottles were corked and wired to maintain the pressure. This kept the alcohol and carbon dioxide in solution, both of which acted as preservatives, allowing for a long shelf life.

The principal predecessors of Ginger Beer were Mead & Metheglin, which date back to the early 1600’s in Colonial

GINGER BEER Although Ginger Beer originated in England, in the mid 1700’s, its ancestry in North America came from a logical development. It can be traced to around 1790 in Canada & the USA, which was shortly after its beginning in England. A significant portion of the American Ginger Beer was imported by ship from England. It was imported throughout the 1800’s in greater quantities, even though it was being brewed regionally for a growing market.

One of the reasons that England could export ginger beer was because it was put

America. Metheglin was a naturally carbonated, yeast-fermented honey beverage, which often included spices, such as ginger, cloves, and mace. It was one of the most popular and longest surviving beverages from the early colonial days.

Ginger Beer also included special yeast for fermentation, and was sweetened with honey, molasses, or cane sugar. Other ingredients included fresh whole ginger and lemons or lemon juice. After brewing, the Ginger Beer was poured into stone bottles, then corked to maintain the natural effervescence.

Early Ginger Beer was produced locally

in small quantities for use by taverns or families. Its popularity lossomed after the Civil War, when it was produced commercially in larger quantities, and transported to new markets. The most popular region for ginger beer was Western New York State, especially Syracuse and Buffalo. Ginger Beer breweries flourished along the Erie Canal due to convenient transportation and availability of raw materials for the stoneware and ginger beer. Ginger beer was brewed in smaller quantities in twenty other states.

Naturally fermented Ginger Beer has an exquisite taste which could never be achieved by the carbonation process.

This observation was made in England in 1899, and is still true today. Instead of using an essence or extract, used in the carbonation process, fermented Ginger Beer would include fresh Jamaica ginger root, fresh lemons, and special brewer’s yeast. This process resulted in a superior brewed beverage, possibly unequalled in its zesty taste. The yeast also added a special flavor and character, similar to tasting a slice of home-baked bread.

Ginger Beer’s popularity in the USA hit its peak in 1920, when it was abruptly terminated by Prohibition. Over half of the states never had a chance to bottle Ginger Beer. In England and Canada, the popularity peak occurred in 1935, fifteen years later. The USA had 300 Ginger Beer breweries; Canada had over 1000; and England had 3000. Ginger Beer was the favorite drink of England for over 150 years.

Up through the mid 1800’s, many Ginge Beers contained a significant amount of alcohol, about 11%.

Limitations in England, as a result of the Excise Act of 1855, required that nonexcisable beverages contain less than 2% alcohol, which led bottlers of Ginger Beer

Bottles and Extras

to dilute their brewed concentrates (ginger, licorice, hops, cloves, gentian, sugar, caramel, brewer’s yeast, & citric acid) with carbonated water. Ginger Beer differed from ginger ale in that it had a higher gravity and a greater portion of extractive vegetable matter.

Ginger Beer was usually cloudy in appearance, and for this reason was usually bottled in stone bottles.

Ginger ale, on the other hand, was sparkling clear and often contained capsicum (extract from cayenne pepper), which increased the pungency of the beverage.

The early primitive type of stoneware Ginger Beer bottle was used from 1790 through 1890, and the transfer type stone bottles were used from 1885 through 1920. The primitive stone bottles were usually quart size, usually impressed with a family name rather than a company name. They were used for home brewing small batches of Ginger Beer or other beverages for the family or a few neighbors.

In England, the under-glaze transfers came into general use a little earlier, around 1880, as they faced considerable competition from ornately embossed glass bottles. The transfer type bottles were smaller, about 9-ounces. They used a Bristol Glaze which could accommodate the stamped transfer.

The popularity of Ginger Beer was abruptly stopped in 1920 with the passage of the Prohibition Laws. This event opened up the markets for soft drinks, including ginger ale, root beer, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and many others. The demise of Ginger Beer would have occurred even without the severity of Prohibition. The stone bottles were returned to the bottlers for sterilization and refilling, however, the inside of the pottery could not be inspected for mice and contamination. High speed glass bottle making machines as well as

Spring 2003 high speed filling machines were widely available at that time, which quickly made stoneware bottles obsolete. Canada and England continued using stoneware bottles until 1940.

By this time, in the 1920s some of the major potteries were experiencing difficulties, such as depleting supplies of raw materials, or natural gas.

Only high quality clay could be used for making stone bottles, and it was often shipped long distances to the potteries, after their local supply was exhausted. Enormous quantities of fuel or natural gas were used during firing of the kilns, which lasted six to seven days for each batch.

This ended the era of decorated transfer Ginger Beer bottles. After Prohibition ended in 1933, Ginger Beer

was revived again, but unfortunately only in glass crown-top bottles; and it was a carbonated soft drink of marginal character. It had to face the strong competition from Coca-Cola, which was rapidly becoming America’s favorite soft drink. Today, Ginger Beer is only a memory in the taste buds of bottle historians.

Aromatic Flavors of Root Beer, Spices and Essential Oils That thirst quenching, popular beverage named Root Beer, enjoyed by children and adults

15 for the last two centuries, was principally made from a handful of major ingredients.

Early Root Beer was made using handpicked natural ingredients.

Local pharmacists experimented with different quantities of various flavorings, including spices and essential oils. These formulations were later packaged as a concentrated extract. These could be used to obtain anexcellent product, with some level of quality control and consistency.

Most of the spices and flavoring plants used in Root Beer extracts, were processed into essential oils. A three-ounce bottle of extract had the power to make five gallons of Root Beer – about 50 bottles.

SPICES Spices are the dried parts of various plants, grown for their pungent and aromatic attributes. These have been used for centuries to make bland food more exciting. Spices are the pungent parts of tropical plants. These parts may include rhizomes (under ground stems), bulbs, barks, flower buds, stigmas, fruit, seeds, and leaves.

Spices were highly valued in ancient times, and they found extensive experimentation and use in preparing medicines and preserving foods.

Spices have been used over the years as adjuncts in cooking to improve the flavor and piquancy of foods. Many spices have also been used extensively to flavor beverages throughout the world; from a simple hot spicy ginger tonic in the Philippines, to England’s Wassail Mead, enjoyed for centuries by the Royal Family and other noblemen, as well as by ordinary folk.

Christmas was taken seriously, since it lasted for seven days, and provided such a great psychological benefit.

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Spring 2003

SPICE TRADE HISTORY Eastern hemisphere folks used cinnamon, cassia, and ginger root for thousands of years. Spices were treasured and used as precious commodities, they were also in short supply in many regions. Arab traders skillfully withheld their true sources, and spices became more valuable items of commerce, early in the evolution of the spice trade. Many of the spice traders had elaborate tales of great risk they encountered in the quest and harvesting of their treasures.

Some of these fables included cassia spice, which they said grew in shallow lakes, protected by many pre-historic winged animals; and that cinnamon grew in deep valleys, infested with poisonous snakes. Spice trade and markets expanded rapidly, with overland travel by camel and horses, and sailing ship travel to new lands. Early uses of many spices included the healing power of medicines, holy oils, and of course aphrodisiacs.

For centuries, only the wealthy people could afford to purchase and enjoy expensive imported spices. Europe slowly became aware that spices could be used to preserve food. Toward the end of the fifteenth century, Europeans began building sailing ships, to search for spice producing islands. The missions of some of history’s most famous explorers, often included finding spices for their Royalty and financiers.

ESSENTIAL OILS Around 1890, Root Beer extract contained 12 to 16 essential oils; today’s Root Beer has 7 or 8 oils. Each of these oils may average 40 different chemical

compounds. Essential oils are the ethereal fraction obtained from a plant by physical extraction. The physical method requires distillation or pressing. These oils are taken from the odorous part of the plant, and have traditionally been associated with the fragrance and flavor industry. Since most essential oils frequently occur as a very small percentage of the original plant material, the processing of large volumes is usually required to obtain usable quantities of oil.

Solvent extraction frequently yields various quantities of organic materials, including waxes, fats, acids, and pigments. Since solvent extraction results in a product with excellent and more true properties to that of a distilled oil, many natural products vitally important to the flavor industry are available as various extracts in addition to essential oils.

Root Beer was an American invention, so let’s give ourselves credit! Not the Neanderthals, not the Mesopotamians, but just us old gold Americans.

Technically, the number one Root Beer company was Coca-Cola, which used all of the primary ingredients of Root Beer plus the extract of the kola nut. Founder, John S. Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, who enjoyed mixing drink extracts in his drug store. He sold $25 worth of Coca-Cola the first year, in 1886.

Prior to 1850, Root Beer was made locally in small quantities using the natural fermentation process, utilizing brewer’s yeast and sugar. The natural flavorings were often hand-picked from the local area. After a few hours of primary fermentation, the Root Beer was poured into stone bottles, and tightly corked to retain the pressure, carbon

Bottles and Extras dioxide, and alcohol, both of which acted as preservatives. One of the primary reasons for using stone bottles, was that they were stronger and would not explode during the secondary fermentation. The bottles were more massive than glass, and when cooled with ice, the Root Beer would remain colder for a longer time.

Dr. Alvin Chase's 1869 recipe book had a Root Beer recipe which included: hops, burdock, dandelion, sarsaparilla, and spikenard; plus yeast and molasses.

ROOT BEER IS ROOT BEER Young children understand all of the basic flavors of pop: ginger ale, Coke, Pepsi, orange, 7-UP, etc., but Root Beer will always be sort of vague. Eventually kids will ask their father: “What is Root Beer?”, and after a pensive moment, he will reply: “Root Beer is Root Beer.” The other choice of answers is: “Ask Your Mother.”

Root Beer bottlers always consider their products to be proprietary or secret, and as one will see when reading the label’s ingredients – not a clue!!! Here is a listing of the primary ingredients found in today’s Root Beer: Water, Sugar – 11%, Citric or Phosphoric Acid – Ph 3.2, Sodium Benzoate, Carbon Dioxide – 3.5%, Gum Acacia, Carmel Color, Cinnamon Oil Nutmeg Oil, Clove Oil, Lemon Oil, Vanillin, Cassia Oil (a tropical bark similar to cinnamon), and Methyl Salicylate (oil of wintergreen).

ROOT BEER IS ROOT BEER – THE PROOF: Ginger Beer contains the ROOT of the ginger plant, so we can say that Ginger Beer is a Root Beer. Hire's Root Beer originally included ginger root as an ingredient, so we can say that Root Beer contained Ginger Beer; and both Root Beer and Ginger Beer include other common flavorings. This leads us to the following conclusion, with reasonable scientific certainty that: “ROOT BEER IS ROOT BEER”.

ANCIENT ROOT BEER HERITAGE

By Alfred Human, Soda Fountain Magazine, October 1931.

Ancient Europe was continuously experimenting and developing new drinks, using natural ingredients and spices.

Sailing ships were sent to strange

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places in search of fruits, plant juices, fragrances and the many odd ingredients, which could be used in the beverages of the Middle Ages. Columbus discovered America and the Caribbean Islands. For almost a thousand years the European nations fought each other on land and sea, for the control of precious cloves.

To the early Europeans, drink was considered the vital means of maintaining health. Water supplies were frequently contaminated; disease swept the nations at regular intervals.

The physicians dimly suspected that the city wells spread contagion, with the aid of evil spirits and other dark powers, so they usually advised their patients to blend the juices of various fruits and plants with the water. Some of the favorite drinks were composed of honey, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, mace, and similar Oriental spices.

The flavors and spices were very expensive; but the Europeans of the Middle Ages thought that they could not live without these enhancements to being healthy. The ships and slave galleys in the Mediterranean, the Persian Gulf, the Nile, and the caravans in treacherous routes through Asia carried on a gigantic trade traffic.

Every country sought to develop a monopoly in this trade. Ships from the major ports of Bologna, Genoa, Venice Constantinople, and Lisbon, would ransack every distant land for these products. The foundation of national wealth consisted of these exotic commodities.

All of Europe dreamed of the Orient. The fame of Oriental medicine was expanded by the tales of the travelers, who had visited Cathay, India, the Eastern Islands, returning with incredible tales of wealth and strange healing plants and fruits. The Far Easterners drank iced fruit juices and

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lemon sherbets for their health.

While in Asia, Alexander the Great utilized thirty caves in Petra to store snow for refrigeration purposes. The juices of pomegranates, cherries, lemons, and many more fruits and plants were used with this snow, for drinks and sherbets.

Nutmeg, cloves, ginger, and cinnamon were not only useful as medicine, but they

were supposed to have various magical attributes. Every doctor who based his learning on the ancient knowledge of the Eastern mystics would invent a new beverage or medicine on even the slightest encouragement, utilizing every known vegetable, animal, and mineral substance.

Sassafras tea was used by hundreds of world sailors to cure Scurvy. This was America’s original beverage. Lemon juice and Lime juice were being prescribed by the European pharmacists in the 1600s

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Citrus juice was also good for Scurvy – Vitamin C. Another beverage to win popularity for several centuries was sarsaparilla.

Voyagers to the New World had returned to Europe with specimens of this smilax root. Sarsaparilla was brewed like Root Beer in the USA, and was also a very popular flavor available at soda fountains.

Sarsaparilla became available all over the world, and was promoted for its medicinal attributes.

Early Root Beer beverages were drunk like a tea, often hot. Brewed Root Beer was developed in America during the Colonial Days. The flavor could be balanced to yield an exquisite taste, while ice cold and refreshing, naturally carbonated to give it a sparking kick.

Information used in this article comes from a new book titled: GINGER BEER & ROOT BEER HERITAGE – 1790 TO 1930, and is available from the author: Donald Yates; 8300 River Corners Rd; Homerville, OH 44235; Phone: 330-625-1025 or Email: donaldbetsyyates@earthlink.net Price is $35, with an additional $4 for shipping. ISBN #0-9721506-0-9; 400 pages, 2000 color photos.

Included on the front of the book is some of the exquisite Victorian artwork of master artist Lee Dubin. Lee Dubin’s representation of early American life is so real and happy that one tends to stare at one of her works in amazement at the many subtle presentations. Don states that he gets a chill every time he looks at one of her works, and gives many thanks to Lee and her husband, Marv Dubin.

The book includes a section of photographs of the great artifacts in the Root Beer Museum in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Bob Averill is the proprietor.

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Fulper’s of Flemington

by Jack Sullivan Left: The Fulper Pottery original factory, located at Mine Street in Flemington.

This photo was taken in 1909, when in full production of fancy whiskey jugs.

(Courtesy of the Hill-Fulper-Stangl Museum)

Rob notes that insurance maps of the Almost a decade ago, writing in Bottles Bullock-Runge. and Extras, I proposed that the Fulper Working from the museum website, time show the decorating kiln to have been Pottery Company of Flemington, N.J., was www.stanglpottery. org, I obtained Rob very small so that its output also would the source of a commonly seen style of Runge's email address and contacted him. have been limited. The lettering and the fancy whiskey jug.

He answered quickly, said it was quite florals, he notes, look enough alike to have These are easily recognized because of possible that Fulper had been the potter, been applied by one or two people.

"One decorator would have been able their light tops, dark bottoms, gold and asked me to send him some photos of lettering and ornamentation the whiskey jugs, which I to decorate enough jugs in one or two days and, most particularly, handdid. His response came to fill up the kiln and keep up with painted flowers on the sides. quickly and had me demand."

Because fancy jugs often were None has ever been found whooping with glee: "Yes, with a pottery mark. they were indeed produced "giveaways" by whiskey distillers and Nevertheless, most

by Fulper Pottery." he distributors to saloon owners and bartenders, or passed on by them to their collections of whiskey wrote. ceramics include them.

Rob explained that best customers, large quantities likely My 1993 article made the during the 1890s, Fulper's would not have been required.

Of these whiskey jugs, Rob says: connection because of a production was being 1905 advertisement that the switched from hand "While technically not art ware they are Fulper company ran in a thrown saltglazed vessels typical of the type of ware Fulper was national trade publication to "jiggered" items producing in the early years of the 20th for liquor manufacturers and employing an off-white Century, while developing the highly distributors.

Bristol glaze and dark recognized Vasecraft art line introduced As shown on the next Albany slip, a conversion in 1909."

He noted that until he saw my photos page, the ad featured two This 7 and 1/2 inches quart jug that was completed by held Black Hawk Whiskey, the of these jugs, he had wondered what items jugs. The one on the left is brand of Louis Loeb & Co., 1902. shaped very close to the liquor distributors in Rock The earlier kilns had were being decorated in the low-fire kiln whiskey ceramics in Island, Ill. It is an unusually burned wood but the new since none had ever come to his attention. question.

Moreover, the good specimen because the gold ones used soft coal. Both He knows of no catalogs or other paper letters on the bottom half still are ad described the Fulper jugs intact. created temperatures of records for this line of ceramics, except as "fancy," "handsomely between 2200 made," and "fancifully marked." and 2300 degrees, as required for From that slim evidence and with stoneware. Sometime after, a considerable trepidation my conclusion small decorating kiln was added, was that Fulper was the manufacturer. capable of temperatures of only For a long time I have sought further 1200-1300 degrees. This kiln evidence for the identification -- either to was used for firing the gold refute or confirm it. Several knowledgable lettering and detail as well as the collectors, notably Spec Spangler and painted flowers.

Tim Kearns, agreed - but had little Because the Fulper ad is dated additional evidence.

1905, he believes that this Personal contact with several experts decorating kiln was added before on American pottery yielded nothing. As that date. Since none of the the years passed, my frustration grew.

Fulper "fancies" were made after Recently, however, I became aware that the on-set of Prohibition, that a museum featuring Fulper pottery and its means all these jugs were Lotus Club jugs were from Kaufman Bros. & Co. of Toledo, successor, Stangl, had been established in manufactured between 1902 and Ohio, whiskey distributors who were in business from about Flemington two years ago by pottery 1920. Thus, many are 1895 to 1905. Note that the one on the right lacks the Albany slip on the body. historian Rob Runge and his wife, Diana approaching 100-years-old.

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Advertisement from a unnamed distillery trade publication of 1905. (Courtesy of the Snyder Whiskey Research Center).

the advertisement shown in this article.

The pottery operated from Flemington, a town of just over 4,000 about 23 miles north of Trenton in western New Jersey.

Although the ad cites a founding date for the firm of 1805, that claim probably was a merchandising ploy. The actual founding occurred in 1814 by Samuel Hill, who had just finished his pottery apprenticeship and was drawn to Flemington because of its red clay soils.

Under Hill, the factory made redware items like drainage pipe and food storage crocks. One of his employees was Abraham Fulper who purchased the company from Hill's heirs in 1858.

Subsequently the pottery took his name and began manufacturing stoneware as well as redware. These were utilitarian items, including canning jars, bottles and jugs.

Fulper married in 1839 and had five sons -- all of whom eventually worked in the pottery. After Abraham died in 1881, he was succeeded by his sons and the firm became known as Fulper Bros. The business prospered and by 1897 was producing 1,500 stoneware items daily. In 1899, it was incorporated as the Fulper Pottery Co., with George W. Fulper as

president.

During the early part of the 20th Century, the firm was experimenting with a variety of glazes and shapes in order to take advantage of the growing market in America for domestically-produced art pottery.

Under the leadership of Abraham's grandson and George's nephew, William Hill Fulper II., who became plant manager in 1902, the firm developed a group of glazes called "famille rose" that proved popular, selling for prices as high as $150 for a single piece.

With technical supervision from ceramic engineer Johan Martin Stangl, hired in 1910, the firm continued to expand its glazes and range of art ware.

The firm won "highest award" for pottery at the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco and for a time Fulper enjoyed a reputation for producing "the finest art ware of its kind in the world," according to expert David Rago.

The company maintained a sales office and showroom on posh Fifth Avenue in Manhattan and boasted offices in London, Paris, Milan and Buenos Aires.

The firm's guiding force, William Fulper, died in 1928. In 1929, a fire

Left: A Ritter & Co. of Detroit was the distributor of the Mellow Monogram Whiskey in this Fulper jug.

This company first appears in Detroit business directories in 1892 and ceased business 24 years later with the advent of Prohibition. Middle: Filenfeld’s Washington Club appears to be a Fulper product but is an unusual bulbous shaped and features a “kick-up� base. Right: Anderson Club was registered in 1906 as a brand from Charles Shaffner & Co. of Chicago.

destroyed the original factory but production continued from a second facility in Flemington, and one established in Trenton in 1926.

Prohibition killed the market for whiskey containers and the Great Depression drastically cut the demand for art ware. Stangl, who had been made company president in 1926, became majority stockholder and eventually bought out the other owners.

He closed the Flemington works in 1935 but continued production in Trenton of dinnerware and gift items. The name was changed to Stangl Pottery in 1955, and the company survived until 1980, when it succumbed to competition from cheaper foreign imports.

Gone but not forgotten, this American pottery heritage has been given new life through the establishment of the FulperStangl Museum. It is located in the old kiln building of the second Fulper plant in Flemington that now is part of a Pfaltzgraff Pottery factory outlet store.

The museum is open seven days a week from 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. and on Saturday until 7 p.m.

Today the Fulper mark on a piece of pottery makes the item highly desirable to collectors. Unfortunately, the company chose not to put its name on its production of whiskey containers. Rob Runge believes this is because they were special orders for jobbers who requested that items not bear a pottery mark.

While not artware, the jugs undeniably are "fancy," as the 1905 advertisement proclaims. The gothic gold lettering, gold embellishments, and hand-painted flowers set them apart from the usual.

Moreover, while many stoneware whiskeys feature a dark Albany slip on top and an off-white Bristol glaze on the bottom, on these jugs the reverse is true.

Thereby lies a problem, however, since the gold lettering did not adhere well to the smooth dark body surface, and on many examples, the decoration is badly

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First: Keystone Rye was a brand of Klein Bros. & Hyman for the decade of their Cincinnati partnership, 1887-1897, and then again for Klein Bros. alone, 1898-1918. Second: The idea that these ceramics frequently were used for presentation to favored clients or customers is emphasized by this jug, “Compliments of H.R. Schlouch.” Third: This whiskey jug features a fancy gold wreath on the body for Imperial Club Pure Rye, the brand of Wm. S. Page & Co. of New York City. The firm was in business at 1451 First Avenue, Manhattan, from at least 1902 to Prohibition. This one lacks the flowers on the sides. Fourth and Fifth: Two varieties of china painted florals were featured on the Fulper jugs, possibly reflecting the personality of the artist.

faded or missing. Despite this problem, the whiskeys jugs were very popular and Fulper sold a considerable number to distillers and distributors east of the Rockies.

Even after the contents were consumed, recipients were reluctant to throw the containers away, often keeping them around the house as decorative items.

Fulper whiskeys have surfaced as far away as Australia and South Africa.

They can be purchased at bottle shows and on eBay, where they are relatively common, usually for under $50, although a jug with all its original gold lettering and trim intact could be worth signficantly more.

When compared to the attention paid to Red Wing whiskeys, these jugs have attracted little heed or respect from dealers and collectors. Perhaps this will change when Rob Runge's forthcoming book on Fulper Pottery is published with photos of the jugs, thus definitively establishing their provenance.

Following is a compiled list of 58 different Fulper jugs. It is far from exhaustive. Because none of these items is marked, it is possible that another firm or firms were "copy cats," making the same style containers. But the general uniformity of the gilding and chinapainted florals leads me to believe that all, or virtually all, are from Fulper of Flemington. Where the city of origin appears on the ceramic, it is included after the name of the whiskey on the list. When the city is in parentheses, that indicates that the location was not part of the label, but was added by using other sources.

THE LIST OF FULPER POTTERY “FANCY” WHISKEY JUGS A.A.A.A., Baker Rye, Loeb Bros,. & Co. A.T. Kerr, Buffalo, N.Y. Anderson Club Pure Bourbon, 1880 (Chas.

Shaffner & Co., Chicago) Artel, Nelson Cty, Ky. Best’s Favorite Pure Rye (Harmonsville, Ky.) Black Hawk Rye, Louis Loeb, Rock Island, Ill Bouquet Whiskey, Humphrey & Martin (Philadelphia) C. Krnus, Wheeling W. Virginia, Freeport C. Markel, Indianapolis, Registered Chas. Ray’s, — Bayline or Bayonne (?)

H.R. Schlouch, Compliments of D.R. Collins & Co., Golden Leaf Rye Davy Crockett (Union Distilling, Cincinnati) Edgewood Whiskey, from Dist. No. 76, Lincoln Cty. Ky. Elias Hyman & Son, Keystone Rye (Cincinnati) Elvin Bros., Cincinnati Filenfeld’s Washington Club Filstone’s Club, 1880, Ky. Sour Mash Frank Collman, from J.A. Nichols, Bristol, Tenn.

Gene Reilly’s Best Glen Forest Sour Mash, A. Graf &Co., St. Louis Golden Heat Rye, H.R. Collins & Co. Golden Wedding Rye, 1880, Aberle & Co., St. Paul, Minn.

Humphrey & Martin (Philadelphia) Imperial Club Pure Rye, Wm. S. Page, NYC John Cristen, Dealer in Old Hermitage John Jenkins, from J.A. Nichols, Bristol, Tenn.

John P. Gagen, Lafayette, Indiana, Old Crow Sour Mash Keystone Rye, Klein Bros., Cincinnati

Keystone Rye, Klein Bros. & Hyman, Cincinnati Landman & Co., Old Crow (Toledo, Ohio) Log Cabin Rye (Uniontown, Ky.) Lotus Club, Sour Mash (Toledo) Louis Loeb & Co., Rock Island Ill. M. Reilly’s Best M. Reilly’s Sunny Side, XXX, 1880 McKenna’s Best (Nelson Country, Ky.) Meadville Rye, F.H. Cronin, Troy N.Y. Mellow Monogram Whiskey, C.F. Ritter & Co. (Detroit) O.F.A. Taylor (rest is rubbed off) Old Pennsylvania Rye Olympia Club (Trenton, N.J.) P. Kelly Co., Monhrello (?) Whiskey P.Welty, Dougherty Rye, 1881 (Wheeling, W.Va.) P. Welty, Dougherty Whiskey (Wheeling) P. Welty, Monticello Rye (Wheeling) P. Welty, O.F.C. Taylor (Wheeling) P. Welty, Old Crow (Wheeling) Quinn, Oster & Lalor, Early Times (Utica, N.Y.) Ray’s Germicide, Cures Many Diseases Redstone Rye, Clyde Rigman (?), Cincinnati Schaeffer & Driehorst Rye Straus Bros., Old Crow, Chicago Ill. Straus Bros., Monogram Pure Rye, Chicago, Ill Tileston’s Club Sour Mash W.M. Jacobs, Compliments of Welty Old Rye (Waynesboro, Pa.) Information for this article has been gathered from a number of sources on American stoneware and ceramics Special thanks go to Rob Runge for answering my numerous questions and for sending me excerpts from his own writings on - Jack Sullivan Fulper.

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THE OHIO BOTTLE CLUB PRESENTS 25TH SILVER ANNIVERSARY

MANSFIELD ANTIQUE BOTTLE & ADVERTISING SHOW & SALE TRIMBLE ROAD EXIT U.S. RT. 30

SATURDAY, MAY 10TH, 2003 RICHLAND COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS MANSFIELD, OHIO HOURS 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. DONATION $3.00 Dealer set-up Friday, May 9th, 2-6 P.M. EARLY ADMISSION $25.00 CONTACT: Ron Hands (330) 634-1977 INFO: rshands225@yahoo.com

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Collecting Soda Tokens

by Michael Greenspan I can still remember, as a child in the 1940’s, that my grandfather owned and operated an old-fashioned candy store in Manhattan. It was a popular gathering place that sold newspapers, cigarettes, fountain drinks and ice cream, among other sundries. There was always a steady stream of customers because the store also contained a pay phone booth at a time when residential phone service was still scarce and expensive.

Frequently, there was a long queue of customers waiting to use the phone and many of them ordered an ice cream cone or fountain concoction while they waited.

As a youngster, I was posted at the large window-counter opening to the street to sell loose cigarettes at two for a penny and fountain drinks, either plain carbonated water, (“seltzer”) for two cents each, or flavored drinks for five.

If a customer gave me a dime or quarter, I was instructed to return his change in the form of aluminum tokens, which could be used for a subsequent purchase. Over the years, I discovered that this was not an unusual practice and that many merchants issued tokens for this purpose. These tokens were later to be referred to in collecting circles as exonumia.

The term, “exonumia,” was coined within the last few decades by, I believe, Russ Rulau, a noted researcher and author of a series of books on tokens and medals. The term describes a number of disparate items that look like and serve as

money, but are not. I collect, among other exonumia, soda water trade tokens. These trade tokens are usually the size of normal coinage, are generally brass or aluminum (although other materials have been used), of various shapes, and usually carry the words, “good for,” and a value (a monetary amount or a quantity of merchandise) somewhere on the token.

Tokens were issued in various denominations; most common were 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢, but other denominations were also used. Trade tokens were issued by a wide variety of merchants, including saloons, grocers, blacksmiths, dentists, and, naturally, drug stores, soda fountain operators and soda manufacturers and distributors, for at least three primary reasons.

The use of trade tokens has a long history going back centuries. In the United States, trade tokens were first used because of a shortage of small currency or coinage in circulation, especially during the “Hard Times” period of 1828-1844, the Civil War period of 1861-1865, and the 1870-1890 period, especially west of the Mississippi.

Merchants who received large denomination coins from their customers frequently had difficulty making change.

Some merchants resorted to complex and error-prone record keeping, others issued paper or cardboard IOUs, some used postage stamps and brass-encased postage, while the more entrepreneurial among them issued tokens.

These tokens could be redeemed at any

time by the customer for cash, merchandise or services. So the first reason was to alleviate coin shortages.

Secondly, trade tokens were issued as advertising items. Since they included the name (and, frequently, the street address and/or the city) of the merchant issuing the token, or the name of the product for sale, tokens were used as premiums to customers to encourage repeat business or as gifts to non-customers to encourage their initial purchases.

The third reason was to increase profit.

Copper, brass, and aluminum (after 1890) tokens cost the merchant a tiny fraction of the face value of the tokens they used. A 50-cent token cost virtually the same to produce as a one-cent piece. Therefore, issuing tokens to make change netted the merchant a substantial profit, especially since large numbers of tokens were never redeemed. Even if the tokens were eventually redeemed, the merchants were recipients of no-cost floats on their money.

Among the more prolific issuers were druggists and, as soda water was first a product of the druggist, soda water was prominently featured as the “good for” offered on tokens. For example, during the 1850’s, a group of four Cincinnati druggists issued a number of tokens that were good for “One Glass of Soda or Blue Lick Water.” Using a common reverse that listed all of their names (Chapman, Stevens, Gordon, and Harris), the obverses differed only in the name and address of

W. B. Chapman Token

Contentinental Token

Dr Pepper Token

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George Washington Token the merchant. These pieces are highly sought by collectors and can bring over $100 each in top condition.

Other examples during this period are Prescott’s Soda Water (New York), inscribed “20 for a dollar,” and Keach Soda (Baltimore). Among the earliest tokens issued were two from the Hard Times Period; R.L. Baker from Charleston, SC, “Good for One Glass”; and John L. Chapman, Baltimore, MD, “One Soda.”

The Baker piece is especially rare, and one in extremely fine condition recently sold for more than $5000. The example in my collection is well-worn and has a hole in it, but I am glad to have it.

Two pieces which do not carry a value and were probably just advertising handouts also share a common device. John Matthews who advertised his soda apparatus, and R. H. Macy (forerunner of the large department stores), both of New York, issued tokens which depicted a cherub warding off a bear from a soda urn.

The Macy token is unusual in that it also carries the Matthews name.

Another unusual and rare token is a hard rubber (or vulcanite) token issued by the “Famous Original Centennial Arctic Fountain” (St Louis) and was good for One Drink Soda.

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Good for Life Token

The Gem Chemical Company (Baltimore) was among the first to advertise a specific product when they issued a token, “Good for One Glass of Kola-Pepsin, 5¢ at all Soda Fountains.”

Other early tokens in my collection are several Dr. Pepper tokens (Waco and Dallas) and, my favorite, the famous Moxie Bottle Wagon token, “Good for One Drink of Moxie.” Still other merchants issued paper or cardboard tokens or tickets.

A Coca Cola ticket is depicted below.

For collectors, pre-1940 tokens are those sought most often. Those issued by merchants in smaller or less populated states, generally, are much more rare and command escalated prices. Token examples from Vermont, New Mexico, Rhode Island, and Maine, are far more expensive than those from, say, Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska and Ohio.

It is not unusual for a Vermont token in decent condition to sell for hundreds of dollars, while a knowledgeable collector might be able to purchase an attractive Indiana token for no more than five or ten dollars. Of course, there are rare tokens from the populated states as well, especially if the merchant was in business for only a short period of time. Among the thousands in my collection, I have tokens from 49 states; Hawaii is missing. I have been collecting soda tokens for more than 30 years and have never seen or heard of one from the Aloha State.

Today, the use of tokens has greatly diminished, but they are still being “Have a Coke FREE” coupon. produced (Mountain

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Kola-Pepsin Token

Moxie Token

Mountain Dew Token Dew is an example). Generally, they have been replaced in commerce by magazine and newspaper coupons, such as, “50¢ off when you purchase two two-liter bottles of Coca Cola.” Paper coupons are much more economical to produce but leave a lot to be desired by tomorrow’s soda token collectors.

Mike Greenspan is a veteran collector specializing in soda water and drugstore tokens. He is a Board member of the National Token Collectors Association and is a past President of the Civil War Token Society. He can be reached at: tokenmg@aol.com, or by phone at (281) 646-1116.

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Spring 2003

Jack Daniel Distillery History and Memorabilia

By Don and Diane Cauwels Jasper "Jack" Newton Daniel was born on September 5th, 1846, the last of ten children born to Calaway and Lucinda Daniel. Jack’s mother died a few months after he was born. When his father later remarried, Jack could not get use to his new stepmother, and after a lot of thinking and talking to his siblings, he decided he would leave home and live with a neighbor. On his sixth birthday, he said goodbye to his favorite sister and told her he wanted to go live with their Uncle Felix.

Jack then moved in with Felix Waggoner and his family on a very large farm on the banks of Mulberry Creek in Lincoln County. Jack did chores around the house and worked on the farm where he was a quick learner and worked hard at every job given to him.

Jack met Daniel Houston Call at the Waggoner farm in the fall of 1853. Dan Call had inherited a country store and had a still on Louise Creek. Dan served as a lay preacher on occasion at a Lutheran church, and took a liking to Jack and wanted him to move in with him. At age seven, Jack went to live with the Call family and began working at the Call’s General Store. One year later, he was working at the still.

The Call’s were honest and religious people and they passed those traits on to Jack. Dan Call also taught Jack how important honesty in the business world was and guided him thru the process of making good whiskey by telling him that whiskey must be made from iron-free water. That was an absolute necessity!

There were about fourteen stills in the area and all were making whiskey by the same Lincoln County process as Dan Call: whiskey that started with a sour mash that only had natural fermentation with no chemicals or other additives.

Jack worked hard for five years learning the whiskey business, and at the age of thirteen, Jack Daniel purchased the whiskey business from Dan Call. Although the whiskey had been sold at the Call's General Store, Dan's religious beliefs made him decide that could not continue, and a young Jack had only a couple of months to find a new way to sell his whiskey.

Jack and his friend, Button Waggoner, began selling the whiskey in Huntsville, Alabama and to stores along the way. The price of a gallon of whiskey sold for $1.00.

After the Civil War broke out and Confederate troops, bushwhackers and thieves were everywhere, the pair worried about how to continue making their routine trips back and forth to Huntsville.

Jack and Button began to pick up all the one-gallon and half-gallon unmarked whiskey jugs they could find. They would then fill them with Jack’s whiskey, cover the crock jugs with cured meat to cushion them and then pile hay and other goods on top to hide the whiskey. This enabled them to continue their trips to Huntsville and turn a very nice profit in the process.

As the Civil War was winding down, Dan Call would be coming home soon, and even though Dan had nothing to do with the operation of the distillery, it was still located on his property. Jack had put away a large amount of money, and knew he could accomplish anything he set his mind to, so when he heard that the Cave Spring could be leased, he immediately checked into its availability. After securing a lease on a portion of the property in the hollow, his new operation was virtually the same as his previous distillery.

Jack was determined to grind 32 bushels of corn a day and use that much mash, continuing in the Lincoln County process. Each bushel would yield two and

Bottles and Extras a half gallons, which figured a daily production of seventy-five gallons, when everything was up and running properly.

After the war, the federal government was trying to find new ways of taxation and they required every distiller to register with the federal government. The new tax was levied on every proof gallon of whiskey in the amount of two dollars.

At the age of twenty, Jack Daniel registered his distillery with the government under the name of Jack Daniel Distillery, Lynchburg, Tennessee. The year was 1866, and with the paperwork completed, Jack Daniel Distillery became the oldest registered distillery in the country. Jack was so proud of his new distillery and name that he began to stencil his barrels and crock jugs with his name on the side. [Fig. 1] Jack Daniel Whiskey used their advertising on crock jugs from 1865–1920.

These jugs came in a variety of shapes, sizes and stencils. The following photos depict variations of the many jugs used over the years. [Figs. 2-7] By the late 1870’s, bottles became the rage for a more convenient way of distributing and selling whiskey. The cost of early free-blown glass bottles was not affordable for the small distillers. Soon the mold-formed bottles appeared and bottles were more affordable for everyone. When the plate mold inserts were developed, the bottles could be personalized by embossing. The early bottles were round with a cork stopper and usually held a quart of whiskey. For a very short time, Jack Daniel used one-gallon glass bottles with bail handles. The distillers could now have their name, addresses and city embossed right into the glass bottles.

[Figs. 14, 23] The familiar square bottle was first introduced in 1895 in a quart size. There was a short period when the square bottle was produced in a fifth size but they are very hard to come by. Jack Daniel felt the square bottle set his whiskey apart from the others who were mostly using the round bottles. The square bottle remains today in various sizes. [Figs. 15, 16, 19, 20] In the early 1890’s, W.T. & C. D. Gunter became the sole sales agent for Jack Daniel Distillery. They were located on Broad Street in Nashville, Tennessee. The demand for fine whiskey was growing very rapidly and soon the whiskey was being bottled in stock bottles, embossed with the

Bottles and Extras

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[FIG 2] L-R: 1-gallon, 1 quart, 1-gallon, ½-gallon bail handle

[FIG 1] Examples of the early stenciled jugs.

Circa 1865–1870 Beehive crocks L–R: 3-gallon, ½-gallon, 2-gallon

[FIG 3] L-R: 2-gallon, 3-gallon

[FIG 4] L-R: 2-gallon, 4-gallon

[FIG 4] L-R: ½-gallon, 3-gallon UHL Pottery jug, ½-gallon

[FIG 6] L-R: ½-gallon, 2-gallon, 1-gallon [FIG 7] Two different 2-gallon jugs

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[FIG 8] All Goods Worth Price Sold; ½-gallon, 1-gallon, 1-gallon bail-handle

[FIG 9] 2-gallon Jack Daniel/Lem Motlow jug; 1 quart Uncle Jack bottle

[FIG 10] Two ½-gallon and 1-gallon crocks

[FIG 12] Here are some examples of brandy and corn whiskey made by the Jack Daniel Dist.: ½-pint Peach Brandy, 1-quart & 1-pint Corn Whiskey

[FIG 11] Two 1-gallon and ½-gallon crocks

[FIG 13] 1-quart & 1 pint Apple Brandy

Bottles and Extras [FIG 14]

Round quart bottles

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[FIG 15]

Miscellaneous square bottles

names of both W. T. & C. D. Gunter and kicked the safe and hurt his left foot. There Jack Daniel Distillery. The crock jugs also were many changes after the safe kicking. had both names stenciled on them from One of the first changes occurred in about 1890-1910. [Figs. 10, 11, 17] June of 1907 when Jack decided to divest Lem Motlow, Jack Daniel’s nephew, himself from the distillery that he had played a very important role in the legacy founded in 1866. Looking towards the of the Jack Daniel Distillery. Jack hired future, he decided Lem Motlow and a Lem in the summer of 1887 to do chores cousin named Dick Daniel would be the around the distillery as a general best men to continue the legacy of the Jack handyman. Lem was a very smart, hard Daniel Distillery. Dick Daniel had a working, ambitious man with a mind that distillery business of his own and many was very good with numbers. In just four years of experience. Jack told both men of years, he was Jack Daniel’s chief his decision and made preparations for the bookkeeper. change of ownership, confident that the As time went by, Jack Daniel put family business would be in good more and more responsibility on Lem hands and would continue to grow and Motlow and soon the responsibility of prosper. [Figs. 8-9] running the distillery was virtually in Jack Daniel’s health started the hands of Lem. failing shortly thereafter. He began In 1904, Jack Daniel went to St. using a cane and had been gaining Louis, Missouri and entered his weight, and after complaining about whiskey in the World’s Fair some pain in his left leg, decided to competition where he came home a see a doctor. It seems that when he winner - with the Gold Medal. To kicked the safe, he had damaged his celebrate this honor Jack left foot more than he thought, produced the original Gold and treatment was needed right Medal back bar bottle for a away or gangrene would set in. select group of people. Every In 1909 Jack Daniel had other panel on the bottle was the first of several operations flashed with gold, making it a on his left foot, leg and thigh. truly beautiful and unique His big toe was completely bottle. black and eventually his leg In the spring of 1905, Jack was amputated up to the knee.

Daniel arrived at the office early A final operation on his thigh and wanted to see some papers could not stop the gangrene, that were inside the safe. He and on October 9, 1911, Jack tried several times to open the Daniel died at the home of his [FIG 16] safe but failed with each sister, Bettye Connor. attempt. Out of frustration, Jack In 1905, Lem Motlow had

[FIG 17]

Round quart bottles

build an upper distillery and it became a part of the expanding Lem Motlow operation by crushing peaches that came from local farms. Lem basically had a monopoly in the United States for Peach Brandy. It was easy for Lem to run both the peach distillery and the original whiskey plant in the hollow.

Dick Daniel never seemed to show the commitment that Lem had for the distillery and Lem bought out Dick’s share of the distillery before 1909. Tennessee went bone dry in 1910 - ten years before national prohibition. Lem would move his distilling operations to Birmingham, Alabama, and continue the business from there. City directories show that the Jack Daniel Distilling Company operated there from 1913–1915 at a location of 2431 Second Avenue.

Unfortunately, even though the whiskey

[FIG 18]

L–R: 5”, 6”, & quart Motlow Dist. Co. & quart Jack Daniel Dist. Co. Birmingham, Ala. bottles

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[FIG 19] Belle of Lincoln, Pure Corn Whiskey & Green label was made in the same way as it had been in Lynchburg, Tennnessee, it could not achieve the quality produced at the Cave Spring location. Lem also had a distilling operation in St. Louis, Missouri, so when Alabama went dry in 1915, Lem closed the Birmingham facility and all the stock was moved to St. Louis. That facility was closed in 1918. [Figs. 18, 21] Lem Motlow also had a wholesale warehouse in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. It distributed Jack Daniel No. 7 whiskey from 1912 to 1913. [Fig. 22] Prohibition went national in 1920 and Lem Motlow was out of the whiskey business until 1938 when Prohibition was repealed. He then rebuilt the original Jack Daniel Distillery on the old site in Lynchburg, Tennessee.

Lem and his four sons Reagor, Conner, Dan and Robert all went to work making whiskey the way Mr. Jack Daniel had [FIG 21

Letterhead, Birmingham, Ala.

Bottles and Extras

[FIG 20] Miscellaneous labels

intended. The distillery started bottling one year later with two cisterns working: one for whiskey and one for brandy, which was a favorite of Lem Motlow. Lem made the peach and apple brandy from 1939–1946. [Figs. 12-13] Lem’s health was beginning to fail and in late 1939 he suffered an attack that paralyzed his right side, confining him to a wheelchair where he still conducted business as usual.

Lem Motlow passed away on Sept 1st, 1947 in Lynchburg, Tennessee. Reagor Motlow was promoted from General Manager to President, and his three brothers were all promoted to vicepresidents of various operations at the distillery.

The business continued to grow gaining worldwide distribition. In August of 1956,

the Jack Daniel Distillery was sold to Brown-Foreman, Inc. of Louisville, Kentucky.

Brown-Forman decided to let the Lynchburg distillery continue to operate as it had for over 80 years. There were no changes in policy at that time and personnel remained the same. BrownForman continues to own Jack Daniel Distillery to this day and the famous square bottle is still in use.

Image in Heading: Original hand tinted photo of Mr. Jack Daniel. This is the only original photo the author has ever seen that is not at the distillery. It is quite unusual because he is not wearing his traditional hat.

Don Cauwels can be rached at: 3947 Old South Road, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 37128; Phone: 615-896-3614 or by E-mail: colblackjack@msn.com.

[FIG 22]

Envelope, etched shot glass, corkscrew, Lucky penny watch fob and bottle from Hopkinsville, Ky.

[FIG 23]

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Collector’s Spotlight

by Diane Cauwels A 1919 check signed by Lem Motlow, drawn on the Jack Daniel business account.

From the minute you open the front door of the Cauwels' house you immediately know everything about the occupants. Collectors live here! Jack Daniel's old crock jugs and bottles greet you as you enter the living room.

Don and his family were living in California in 1979 and during their vacation, they took a detour to Lynchburg, Tennessee to visit the Jack Daniel Distillery. Don had wanted to see the distillery for a very long time and this vacation was the perfect time to visit Lynchburg. Little did they know that after seeing this beautiful part of the country they would soon be calling it home. Almost prophetically Don said that he really liked this area and would like to live there someday. Ten miles from Lynchburg, the family stopped in Tullahoma and felt right at home.

The jug that started it all - one-gallon blue and white banded Jack Daniel jug

Four months after their vacation, Don was reading a national business magazine and saw an ad for a position that fit him to a tee. He called his wife and read the article to her. The company was located in Tullahoma, Tennessee, and two months later they were living there.

While visiting the distillery for the first time, Don saw the wonderful old bottles and crock jugs on display. He could not believe the old pieces had survived over the years and his interest in the history and collecting of the old pieces began.

Shortly after moving to Tennessee, Don saw his first old crock jug for sale at an antique shop and took it home. The quest was on! He started going to flea markets, shows, placed a couple ads in the paper and spread the word that he was looking for old Jack Daniel items.

All collectors know the search is part of the fun. Don would get a lead on a jug or bottle and chase it down only to find it was a Jim Beam or just a plain bottle with no name on it. However, when that lead turns out to be a good one, and there is a wonderful jug or bottle waiting for him. it makes all the disappointments disappear.

Don seemed to find a jug here and there, but there is a lot of competition around - so any little find is a major event.

When he found his first Jack Daniel bottle he was amazed at condition and clarity of the glass, and started looking a little closer at boxes of bottles and in corners of shops, garages and barns. Soon his bottle collection was taking shape and with the jugs that he had picked up, he found he had the beginning of a collection that would continue for over twenty years.

Don bought a very rare version of the round quart bottle and was so excited that he wanted to share it with other collectors.

The lady in Lynchburg that sold him his first crock jug had been a collector of Jack Daniel’s for quite a while and wanted to see the bottle. In all her years as an antique

dealer and collector she had never seen or heard of this particular version, and asked Don if he would bring it to Lynchburg so she could see it. In his haste to get to Lynchburg, which was ten minutes down the road, he grabbed the bottle, put it on the passenger side front seat and headed down the road. He got two blocks from the house and when he made a left turn on the Lynchburg highway, the bottle rolled off the seat and broke into several pieces. Words cannot express the look on his face or the pain he was feeling. He could not part with the pieces of the bottle and he kept them for many years waiting for another bottle like it. This happened in 1983.

One day in 2001, the phone rang and a man from Mississippi was calling to say he heard about Don’s collection and he had a round bottle that he wanted to sell.

Was Don interested? As the man started to describe the lettering on the bottle Don’s eyes lit up and a big smile came across his

W. T. and C. D. Gunter round bottle & Rare amber square quart Jack Daniel

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Spring 2003 Bottles and Extras take years, but they pay off.

A man in Georgia has a full and sealed pre-prohibition bottle that has been in his family many years.

He got a business card from Don about 10 or 12 years ago and called a couple years ago to see if Don was still interested, adding that the family is not ready to sell it yet, but he wanted to touch base and he would let him know when the Jack Daniel pieces that he had been time comes to sell. He said he thinking of getting rid of, but wanted to would put the business card back trade for something rather than sell them. under the bottle in the closet so it After a trip to the man’s house, Don saw a would not get lost. One of these few very nice Jack Daniel's items that he days he will call and say, “we are wanted for his collection. This man was ready to sell” and Don will finally not a collector, but had come by the Jack get the bottle. As hard as it is, items by chance and had kept them for a couple years. After a lot of haggling over collectors must be patient.

Wonderful turn of the century Jack Daniel litho Probably the best phone call he one thing and then another, they came to bar sign. The previous owner cropped it to fit this ever received was from a lady in an agreement and Don took home one of frame, but there has not been another original Florida. She said she was retired his favorite pieces. A 5-gallon Jack Daniel seen, it was a welcome addition to the collection. and wanted to get rid of some crock jug was added to the collection that face. It was THE bottle! Eighteen years things and had two bottles that Don may day. The other items were incidental. The later and he finally had a chance finally want. The first one was a back bar bottle 5-gallon was on its way home with Don replace his broken bottle! He could not for Continental Whiskey. The second one and he could not have been happier.

Although Don likes his entire Jack believe it. The man stated his price and was the original 1904 Jack Daniel Gold Daniel collection, his favorite pieces are the deal was done. The man said he would Medal back bar bottle complete with the the glass bottles. They have survived all ship it right out and Don asked if it would gold flashing on every other panel. It these years of being stored in attics, be a problem if we drove down on Saturday seemed too good to be true. She asked for basements, closets, or even being buried. and picked up the bottle rather than take an offer on them and insisted he had to To find a bottle that is pristine, with a few a chance of it getting broken in the mail. buy both bottles. Don was only interested nice old bubbles in the glass is a real treat!

Our new friend said that would be just fine in the Jack Daniel bottle but he made her As time goes by, the search for bottles because he would love to show off his a very fair offer for the two. and jugs continues with the same fervor Of course, that lady thought Don was home which had been in his family since and dedication as it was back in 1979. crazy, but he assured her his offer was before the civil war.

Twenty years from now you will probably After arriving at his house, we found genuine and he would pay for her to take still see him walking around the flea ourselves about 75 miles north of New them to a pack and ship for safe packing. markets, malls and shows looking for that Orleans, which turned out to be quite a Actually he was thinking in the back of elusive Jack Daniel bottle or jug. little drive from Nashville. There we found his head about flying to Florida and a second Jack Daniel quart that was picking the bottle up, but other different from the first one and so Don commitments prevented that from came home with two bottles. Needless to happening. He sent the money and say, the bottles were wrapped, double she sent the bottles right out. He boxed and safely put in the trunk. Don called her when they arrived and finally threw out the broken pieces of the thanked her and to keep his 1983 bottle but he did think twice before number in case she finds anything else. She said she had purchased doing so.

Over the years there have been many both bottles for a couple dollars 20 dry spells where he would not find any or 30 years ago at a shop just Jack Daniel items even though he was because she thought “they were constantly searching. Weekend trips were pretty”.

As all collectors know, it is hard taken all over Middle Tennessee looking at shops and antique malls. Antiquing and work and love that goes into collecting are a way of life for the Cauwels, putting a collection together. with regular trips to California, Indiana, Sometime money has nothing to Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, do with acquiring a piece for your North Carolina, and everywhere in collection. Many years ago Don between. Don has made a lot of contacts, got a call from a guy outside A 1/2-pint cork top and an old and once in a while they pay off. It may Nashville that said he had a few 1/2 pint Jack Daniel leather covered flask.

Bottles and Extras

“WHAT IF?” Counterfactual History

CHAMPAGNE

by Cecil Munsey In France the original Abbey of Hautvillers was built by Benedictine monks in the middle of the seventh century. Dom Pierre Perignon arrived in 1668. The rest is history.

This monastery, which has been destroyed and rebuilt seven times, is the birthplace of champagne, the wine. Dom Perignon, who was cellarer of Hautvillers until his death in 1715, was father of the wine.

What if Dom Perignon had not gone to the abbey in 1668? That’s a simple what if? There might not be “champagne” (sparkling wine) as we know it today.

[Do you see how simple “Counterfactual History” is? We can enter history at any point and speculate what if?]

Continuing this history: Dom Perignon brought wealth and renown to the region of Champagne, a place with a history of wine production that dates to the time of the Romans. But the wine of Champagne prior to Dom Perignon was not the same champagne that today is recognized the world over.

Early champagne was a pale, thin red wine made from black grapes. [ All grapes are white on the inside.] The northerly climate was too cold to produce outstanding red wine, and the wines of that era from Champagne had little quality conferring prestige (cachet).

Perignon happened upon sparkling champagne purely by accident. He thought he could improve the quality of the abbey’s wine by storing it in bottles instead of barrels to slow the process of oxidation. During the cold winters, fermentation of the grape sugars into alcohol usually stopped.

When spring brought warmer weather, the fermentation started again in the bottle.

Dom Perignon’s first champagne bubbles were produced by carbon dioxide gas that formed as a result of the second fermentation.

Dom Perignon didn’t understand the underlying science, but he knew his wines

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It has been said “what if?” (or the counterfactual) is the historian’s favorite secret question. What ifs have a genuine value. They can be a tool to enhance the understanding of history, to make it come alive.

History is properly the literature of what did happen; but that should not diminish the importance of the counterfactual. What if can lead us to question long-held assumptions.

What ifs can define turning points. They can show that small accidents or decisions are as likely to have major repercussions as large ones.

What ifs have a further important function: They can eliminate what has been called “hindsight bias.”

“The road not taken belongs on the map.” –Robert Cowley

were better than his neighbors’ wines. The sparkling champagne of the Abbey of Hautvillers quickly became the most popular wine of the region and enabled Perignon to sell his wine for twice the price of rival wines.

But Perignon was not merely an accidental genius. He was the first to make a white wine from black grapes.

What if Dom Perignon had not discovered how to make white wine from black grapes? Champagne might be a red wine today. There, another simple what if. [In case you’re curious, by separating the juice of freshly crushed dark-colored grapes quickly from their skins the juice from the white interior of the grapes remains white.]

And Perignon perfected the art of blending a cuvee from many lots of wine provided by growers throughout the region of Champagne. That is the essence of winemaking in Champagne today.

Blending is, indeed, an important part of wine making throughout the world.

Although it is widely held that Perignon invented sparkling wine, that belief is more myth than fact. Sparkling wine existed elsewhere before Dom Perignon happened upon it in Champagne.

But he did invent what the world knows today as “champagne.”

Such was Perignon’s influence at the time that he was able to persuade other Champenoise to abandon centuries-old practices–and stable revenues–to begin production of wine with bubbles.

The switch was not without financial risk, for the bottles of the day were not very strong, and as many as half of any year’s production would explode from the pressure inside the glass–a phenomena not unlike when people make home-brewed (root)beer.

So, what if champagne had not been invented? For one thing, there would have been no need for stronger glass bottles to contain the pressurized wine. Another thing, there would have been no development of the champagne bottle shape which

is a standard throughout the industry today.

NOW, for the big bottle collecting what if? What if champagne bottles had not been developed so long ago that they didn’t and don’t feature embossments but were and still are mostly product-identified by paper labels? Champagne bottles would be a very collectible category. It becomes very clear when a collector compares champagne and other wine bottles with historical/pictorial whiskey flasks, bitters bottles, and so many of bottles in the more popular categories. They have less of the characteristics that collectors demand of the most valued bottles: e.g., scarcity; color; embossments. Interestingly, champagne bottles do have other characteristics associated with collecting value: e.g., age; shape; manufacture; glass (as opposed to ceramic); condition.

Counter factual History as a legitimate concept has, hopefully, been illustrated with this short offering. Not only is the form a reasonable way to study history but it is fun. Yes, fun! Historians have used the counterfactual method for years. In certain circles, bottle collecting included, it is a serious party or club-meeting activity (game). At bottle clubs it is especially popular with discussions of local bottles because most club members know quite a bit about local history and are quick to enter into discussion of what if?

Cecil Munsey, Ph.D. 13541 Willow Run Road Poway, CA 92064-1733 858-487-7036 cecilmunsey@cox.net

If any bottle collectors would like to publish some Counterfactual History in this publication, they are encouraged to develop their best ‘what ifs’ and submit them for consideration.

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Bottles and Extras

Ginger Ale’s Irish Roots Ginger ale was the No. 1 soft drink in America for over seventy years, beginning its vast popularity around 1860. In fact, the U.S. soft, drink industry really began in earnest with this flavor, and the manufacture of a quality ginger ale was the measure of a bottler's whole line. By 1893, the importance of ginger ale in the beverage industry was unquestionable and W.B. Keller (editor of National Bottlers Gazette) made this remark: ". . .it should be the aim of every bottler to bring its brand of ginger ale to the highest possible perfection, since a bottler's products are often judged for better or worse by the merit or lack of merit possessed by its ginger ale."

Ginger Ale's Irish Roots The best informed historians attribute the invention of ginger ale to the Irish in the 1850s. However, as with most of history, there is another point of view: Robert Robinson of New York City claimed he was the first one to make ginger ale in the U.S. in the 1840s, calling it ginger soda. By all accounts it was more like the "gingerades" being made in England at that time, rather than the ginger ale "flavor" produced in Ireland.

Nobody really knows, but it is likely that Dr. Cantrell in Belfast was the first inventor of ginger ale- perhaps with Grattan & Company, also of Belfast as a party to the earliest production of the beverage. Grattan proudly claimed the rights by embossing a slogan on its bottles: "The Original Makers of Ginger Ale." Possible, but not provable.

Original Flavor Decidedly Different Early ginger ales would not be recognizable to modem palates. By most descriptions, few bottlers made ginger ale worth drinking by today's standards. Even in 1888, Charles Sulz, a highly respected master chemist of the early beverage trade, said "...it is an unfortunate fact that a great deal of American ginger ale is 'miserable stuff,' in many instances nothing more than sweetened water." (American ginger ales did evolve well beyond that description but it took many years to accomplish.)

The most common sin was the overuse of capsicum (hot red pepper) to achieve the "bite" that the right amount of genuine

ginger provided. We can assume that the cheaper, lower quality bottlers employed capsicum to avoid the expense of ginger.

Here are the results of such practices. as described by J.T. Norman, an English competition judge, in 1896: " . ..ginger ales should not be hot lemonades heavily doused with capsicum; the chief palate characteristic should be a clean pure ginger flavor, not attained with capsicum.

In competition, beverages which erred on the side of fiery flavor were relegated to their proper position, near the bottom."

Quality Flavor: An Elusive Achievement Ginger ale making was considered an art. I think it would not be amiss to say

by Ken Previtali

that even today, a good ginger ale is a work of art. Some current offerings contain upwards of 400 ingredients, most of which make their appearnce under the heading of natural flavorings. Early ginger ales contained extract of ginger and essences of lemon, rose and ginger oil. Reputable bottlers used just a trace of capsicum.

Depending on local tastes, some formulas also included various fruit essences and spice tinctures. The Irish "Belfast" types possessed a fine aroma, which Americans tried to copy with varied success. Belfast flavorings included ginger root, orange peel, nutmeg, vanilla, cinnamon and sometimes capsicum.

Eloquent descriptions bY the writers during the period 1880-1930 suggest that ginger ale flavor was revered, like that of fine wine. Discussions of imported vs.

American, pale dry vs. golden, and aromatic vs. fruity were common among both consumers and bottlers. However, it was generally agreed that crisp flavor, brilliant clarity and appropriate pungency were paramount to success. In any case, creating quality ginger ale was difficult and few mastered the skill.

The early years of ginger ale were tumultuous times, full of battles over bottles, import duties on foreign ginger ales, exploding bottles, sanitation problems, inconsistent flavor sources, fountain equipment miseries, and delivery troubles. (Remember, these were the horse and buggy days, and when loaded with crates of filled bottles, delivery wagons often met with roadside disasters.) Yet ginger ale survives today as a steady seller in national and regional markets, a remarkable feat when you consider the number of flavors that never made it at all.

This article first appeared BEVERAGE WORLD Magazine (formerly National Bottler's Gazette) in June 1991 and is reprinted with permission of the author.

About the Author: Ken Previtali has been collecting ginger ale history and bottles for fifteen years. He and his 900 ginger ale bottles live in Danbury, CT. Photo: From the collection of Kathy Hopson.

Early Vernor’s Ginger Ale embossed bottle.

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

FLASKS AND TOKENS — THE CONNECTION

by Duane H. Feisel Astute token collectors long ago discovered that bottle collector shows can be a good source for tokens. As the bottle diggers do their work extracting bottles from dumps, outhouse pits, land fills, etc., they sometimes encounter tokens. Before it was known that there was a good demand for old, dug tokens, the bottle diggers were not always very careful in examining their diggings - after all, they were looking for bottles! Today, bottle diggers are cognizant of the value of old tokens, and some of them will carry a metal detector to examine the dirt when it is dug to locate metallic items that otherwise might be missed. Bottle shows still produce tokens, but the word is out, and the competition among token collectors can be fierce.

Years ago, perhaps in the mid-1970s, I latched on to the idea of going to the bottle shows looking for tokens. One of the first things I saw that connected tokens to bottles was an old beer bottle from the Fredricksburg Brewing Company that I recalled seeing depicted on one of my trade tokens! There exists a whole series of such tokens, each with the standard reverse and a similar style converse - the obverse has an area carrying an inscription for the

issuer of the token. Most of the known examples of this style token are from San Francisco merchants, but there is a scattering of this type from other locations in California.

Well, that whetted my appetite (I bought examples of the bottle, both in quart and pint sizes), and I began looking at other bottles at these shows.

I happened upon a whiskey flask that I recognized being from a merchant who had also issued trade tokens. That opened up a new avenue of token "go-with" collecting as I began buying whiskey flasks from California for which the merchant also issued tokens.

Right now, my collection numbers perhaps 200 such flasks, and I continue to add examples at almost every bottle show that I attend. I am not adding new pieces as frequently as before, and the current prices are considerably elevated over what I paid in that not-too-distant past. Still, in all, I find that most flasks that I want are reasonably enough priced when compared to what I have to pay for tokens. There are also whiskey bottles in cylindrical quart size from businesses which also issued tokens, but I have picked up only a couple of those (they take up too much room to store!).

Whiskey flasks come in several different shapes. For the ones I have

Bottles and Extras

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35 establishment which issued the bottle.

B. O. Hart is listed as proprietor of the Mirror Saloon in the 1899 Pacific States Telephone Companies directory, is listed as a saloon proprietor in both the 1905 Suits-Shuman California State Gazeteer and the 1905 Bradstreet directory, and is not listed in the 1914 Bradstreet directory.

These listings help to date the time that the flask and token were in use. (A side note: Ferndale is known today for the large number of big old Victorian houses in the town. Well worth a visit if you are ever in that area of Northern California).

Whether you collect tokens with bottles as "go-withs", bottles with tokens as "go-withs" or both bottles and tokens, the tie-in is fascinating!

collected, the bottle collectors call them "pumpkinseed" or "picnic", "coffin", "Shoo-fly (coffin and shoo-fly are quite similar) and "jo jo" or "straight-sided" or "oval" or "dandy." These are listed in order of manufacturing period, in general.

The first item to be shown is likely the oldest of what I have - both the token and the flask. And both are very special favorites of mine. The shape of this flask is what is called "picnic" or "pumpkinseed." According to information obtained from the old John Thomas book, the Pacific Ocean House was built by Eli J. Swift in Santa Cruz, California, and it opened for business in 1866, mainly as a saloon and boarding house. Swift remained as proprietor of the establishment until around 1889, which dates both the token and the bottle.

Thomas dated the flask from about 1878 to 1885 and notes that the Pacific Ocean House burned to the ground on November 7, 1907.

The next item is a "shoo-fly" flask. This flask probably dates from about the turn of the century. What is outstanding about this item, and the corresponding token, is that the inscription and layout of the wording are the same for both the slugplate of the flask on the obverse of the token!

The next combination of flask and related token is also interesting in that the flask serves to attribute the maverick token!

The final flask and token combination

shows what may be termed a "straightside", or "dandy" flask. This style flask was produced up until prohibition. Note that the top of this flask has molded threads, and the very top edge is ground flat to accommodate a metal cap seal. Of interest with this combination is that the token provides the name for the

This article is excerpted, and slightly revised, from an article by the author which first appeared in Talking Tokens in February, 2000.

About the Author: Duane Feisel is founder and past-president of the National Token Collectors Association and can be reached at (530) 474-4168, or by E-mail: tokensrme@shasta.com.

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Spring 2003 store in Virginia City, as shown in Kelley's 1863 Nevada Territorial Directory. Census records show Higgins was born in Maine in 1843, but he failed to report his parents names, or their country of origin. He never recorded his first name in any legal documents until many The Story of years later.

R. (Rufus) L. Higgins Higgins was active with Ink Bottles his local church, and by 1864 had become a trustee Virginia City, Nevada for the Carson City Methodist Church along with Nevada Govenor Blasdel, and oversaw the Church's effort to purchase land to build a larger stone church in 1865. He probably continued to operate his general store in Virginia City during this

By Fred N. Holabird period.

Copyright 2002 Higgins recognized an opportunity in the mining A remarkably rare and beautiful business in the mid-1860s. Soda, a embossed ink bottle recently caused quite naturally occurring chemical, was much a stir when it sold at auction for nearly in demand in the assaying and refining $20,000. The extremely rare R. L. Higgins processes in the more than 100 mills built ink bottles may have even more to crush and extract gold and silver from important significance because of a the Comstock. Somehow, he became potential link to a nationally named familar with a soda deposit near Fallon company, the Higgins Ink Co. on the edge of the Forty Mile Desert near Regardless of that possible link, the Ragown, now known as Soda Lake.

R. L. Higgins ink bottle is vital to WestIn 1868, as a resident of Virginia City, ern collectors because of the rarity, the he tested the soda at the Nevada Soda Mine story behind the man and his bottle, and and found it to be of "sufficient quality the significance of the bottle on the and of inexhausible quantity." Higgins national scene. then purchased the property from The embossed Higgins Ink bottles from A. Kenyon, who had bought it from the Virginia City, Nevada remain some of the emigrants who had originally discovered most desirable embossed Nevada bottles. the mine while crossing the Forty Mile The three different varieties are all Desert along the Overland Trail from the extremely rare. As ink bottles, they are Humboldt Mountains many years before. quite different from other embossed bottles Higgins struck up a partnership with made for merchants in the state.

James Duffy shortly afterwards, and the The manufacturing and bottling of ink two showed the product to several of the

by Higgins was undoubtedly a step toward producing Comstock mills where it was commercial competition with other used for the reduction of ore. Subsequently, national name brands, but R. L. Higgins they opened their Virginia City office at never accomplished this dream because of 39 S. C Street. His small general store tragedy. While there may be speculation remained a separate business. The mills that his ink is the predecessor of the bought large quantities of the soda, and it famous century old Higgins India Ink Co., was later introduced to the paper and no formal tie has yet been established. woolen mills of California and to the The first record of Higgins in Nevada manufacturers of soap. is in 1863 as the owner of a dry goods The great Savage Mine was one of

The Original Higgins Ink

A Nevada Invention

Bottles and Extras Higgins' customers. By 1873, the soda mine produced about 2,000 tons per year, which was sold as fast as it was produced.

In 1874, he was selling soda for $50 per ton. The company name was the Nevada Soda Mining Company.

Higgins used a rare guarantee: This soda is 35% stronger than (any) manufactured. Any man demonstrating the fact that this soda (is less so)...need not pay his bill.

The deposit would become exhausted within a few years. Unlike gold and silver, there were very few soda deposits, and this was the only one near the Comstock.

Duffy was a working partner, but in the local press, he was often referred to as a drunk, particularly in later years. This must have caused Higgins some concern, eventually leading to a dissolution of the partnershiop.

In 1871, their Virginia City office for the Nevada Soda Mining Company was clerked by a man named Farrington.

Business was doing so well that Higgins may have moved his general store down into the valley to the new town located on the Truckee River along the just-completed Central Pacific Railroad.

Reno was quickly developing into a good town, and Higgins may have wanted to capitalize on the new city's excitement as a supply and trade center for the Comstock and other Western Nevada mines.

With a partner, or perhaps his wife, Higgins opened the R. L. Higgins & Co. dry goods store. A notice in the Reno Crescent on July 8, 1871 noted the new store that carried knives, hats, furs and women's goods located on the East side of Virginia Street. The store must not have done well, because it was gone by 1873.

Higgins' soda mining business remained very active. He took on a new partner at the Virginia City general store in 1872, which was known as Higgins and Crampton, Duffy & Co. and became used as the new name for the Nevada Soda Mining Co.'s owners. Their office was located at 55 South C Street in Virginia City in 1873.

Higgins became the proprietor of the Nevada Soda Mining Co., moving the soda mining company office to 16 South B Street. When the Reno store closed, Higgins wasn't through with his retail ventures. Back in Virginia City, he started a stationary, book and music store at

Bottles and Extras Spring 2003 37 54 and 55 South C Street in Virginia City produced such a wealth. To date, approxiIn late 175, Higgins suffered a tragic in 1873, taking over one of the offices that mately nine million ounces of gold and loss. A tremendous fire consumed his was formerly used by his soda mining 220 million ounces of silver have been business. The catastrophic October 26, company. mined, though most of it before 1880.

1875 Virginia City fire completely Higgins had only one competitor, the Higgins' business must have been destroyed the business district, causing Pioneer Book Store, run by Will H. Burrall booming. During this period, he had $12-million in damages, and was even on the northeast corner of C and Taylor. It developed a new ink that he marketed in worsened by a snowstorm on November is from this new store that Higgins custom embossed ink bottles, perhaps the 2nd. These tragic loses included the distributed ink in his own personalized only embossed Western ink made in this Society of Pacific Coast Pioneers cabinets embossed bottles. manner. The contents of the ink may and library housing many original artifacts Higgins' wife performed at Piper's remain a stranger to modern researchers - from the discovery period of the Comstock.

Opera House at least twice in June 1873. there are no articles in the Virginia City This was the only museum of its kind and The prominent business men of the town newspapers about it, and he does not the contents were lost forever. offered a benefit concert for her, where she appear to have tried to patent the ink's Higgins could not recover from the loss performed with local merchants, such as formula. This is a notable because no one of his store. Apparently, under or nonD. W. Knapp. else in the West Coast attempted the same insured, his losses were insurmountable.

About the same time, Higgins thing. He must have had great confidence He filed for bankruptcy shortly after the advertised that he was closing out his in his new ink formula to justify the cleanup was complete, and announced it jewelry lines and concentrating on statio- expense of custom embossed ink bottles. in the Territorial Enterprise on January 21, nery, books, etc. His residence was at 34 Higgins' speciality bottles are not like 1876. He left Virginia City for parts South B Street in the early unknown.

1870's, and he moved to 191 His partner Duffy met an North C Street in early 1875. ubrupt end. After midnight on Duffy, Higgins' heavily January 16, 1885, Duffy, drunk drinking partner, meanwhile as usual, decided that Carson City had split up with Higgins merchant J. M. Benton's wife around 1873-1974, and Mattie needed some unasked-for returned to Carson City. There attention and attacked her while he ran the Pioneer Soap Factory, Benton was cleaning up his and was superintendent of the commerical livery stable. Benton Nevada Sulphur Company. As heard her cries, came running, a mining man, he had looked for and shot and killed Duffy on the a venture similar to soda minspot. Benton ran the most ing that involved easy mining successful livery stable in town, of a product needed for the as well as the local state line to Comstock gold and silver mills.

Tahoe. He was a very active Choosing sulphur, used for community man, well-liked by the manufacture of sulfuric acid, the Carson City populous. The he was able to exploit the killing of Duffy was ruled Steamboad sulphur deposits at justifiable homicide, labeling the foot of Washoe Valley near Benton a hero in the process.

L-R: Amber master cylinder ink - $15,000-17,000-22,000 Reno. He had built a small acid A major question arises with Aqua master cylinder ink - $4,000-8,000-12,000 works for the production of serious study and discussion of Aqua cone ink - $500-1000-1500 sulphuric acid by 1881. the Virginia City embossed Looking for some easy extra Higgins ink bottles. Is Rufus L. cash, he also ran a small dairy out of his the regular merchant embossed drug store, Higgins related to Charles Higgins, ranch house at 10th and Minnesota in soda, or whiskey bottles that were routinely founder of the Higgins Ink Co. in BrookCarson City. used by local Western merchants. Each of lyn in 1880? There are five points of strong Higgins was doing well and put all his these can be found in the many glass coincidence that point to a direct link. affairs in line. The period of 1873-1875 manufacturing company catalogs of the Charles M. Higgins was born in appear to be the most successful and period, all offering to have the merchant's Leitram, Ireland in 1854, coming to productive years of his life. With the name embossed on the front panel of the America in 1860. He received a patent for discovery of the great Crown Point bottle. While there are a few ink bottles in a screw pegging machine at the age of 21 bonanza in 1875, followed by the big some of these catalogs, there is not any in 1875. He obtained a job with the bonanza of the Con-Virginia and mention of making a personalized Scientific News as a patent solicitor and California by John Mackay and James G. embossed ink bottle. Nor was this the reportedly made experiments with inks in Fair in 1875, the Comstock lode was general practice elsewhere in America. It his sister's kitchen in New York. Here he producing gold and silver in was usually only done where there was an is said to have invented the Higgins India unimaginable amounts. No other one occassional marketing campaign, which Ink and his Eternal Black Ink. IN 1880, deposit in the world at the time had Higgins may have been planning.

Charles formed a company to sell and

38 distribute his ink, which soon became the universal ink used around the world. The Higgins Ink Company went on to great success, untimately being purchased by Sanford Ink, who owns it today.

The coincidence of Charles Higgins "inventing" his ink just after R. L. Higgins made his in Virginia City, only to have his business and inventory destroyed by fire, is remarkable. Both events happened within a year of each other. Where the two relatives? Did a depressed and broke Rufus give away the formula to his relative?

Do Charles' original notes contain Rufus' name? Did Rufus quietly move to the East Coast to help Charles?

In our research, we were unable to locate Rufus anywhere in the West, or New York, after 1876, nor able to construct a family free of either man. Meanwhile, the coincidence of timing, product commonality and surname, certainly point to shared knowledge. Are the two Higgins related? Are these R. L. Higgins ink bottles the true predecessors of the Higgins Ink Company? Only more advanced research will answer these questions.

Higgins produced three different ink bottles from his music and stationary store.

Because of the extreme rarity of the whole bottles, and near non-existence of broken pieces found in the tens of thousands of virginia City outhouses and the huge dumps, I think the bottles must have been made just before the fire of October 1875.

Had there been distribution of these bottles prior to 1875, we would have expected to find more bottles, or at least broken pieces.

Few, if any, have ever been found.

There is a small aqua cone ink, all with sheared tops (approximately five known); an amber half-pint master cylinder ink (two known), and an aqua master cylinder ink in pint size (three or four known). All are extremely rare. Ed Upson found three of the cone inks under sage brush at the end of Seven Mile Canyon near the site of the first Virginia City brewery about thirty years ago. One amber ink was dug in Virginia City, and another dug in San Francisco by Randy Haumann. The aqua master inks were found in virginia City, with at least one coming out of the old Virigina City dump.

Recently, one of the amber inks sold at public auction for $17,000. There are no public sales records for the aqua master ink, although one sold privately to an advance collector recently.

Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

THE VIRGINIA CITY, NEVADA INK BOTTLES Of R. L. HIGGINS

By Bryan Grapentine Photos by Larry Grapentine

Collecting ink bottles provides those who specialize in this category with a great variety of sizes, shapes and colors, and also several thousands of different bottles listed, spanning almost two centuries of production.

There are ink bottles available for every pocket book, with prices ranging from dollars to a few selling for over fifty thousand.

Most of the American ink bottles were produced in the East. For reasons unknown to this author, very few inks were manufactured in the West and those few that were came from California. Only a few embossed inks are known from the Western U.S.,and Nevada may be the only Western state to have ink bottles embossed with the city and/or state.

Nevada soda, drugstore, and whiskey bottles are very popular with Western collectors, and are more in demand and thus command higher prices than similar bottles from other Western states. Perhaps this is because of their background in the historical mining towns. Important bottles are known from Goldfield, Tonopah, Carson City, Winnemucca, Elko, Eureka, Ruby Hill, Seven Troughs, Tuscarora, and Reno - but the ink bottles from Virginia City are in a class by themselves.

Brief History of Virginia City Virginia City, queen of the Comstock Mining District, was the Wests most famous mining town. Mining activity began in the 1850’s and reached its peak in the 1870’s. The Comstock Lode yielded more than 400 million in gold and silver and remains the richest silver deposit found in the United States.

Nevada became a Territory in 1861 and gained Statehood in 1864, despite the population being too low to

constitutionally authorize statehood. The fabulous wealth produced from the mines helped President Lincoln finance the Union Army during the Civil War and to keep the Union solvent.

The population of Virginia City grew from 15,000 to 18,000 in 1863, and to 25,000 by the mid-1870’s. Booming commercial activity supported 110 saloons, over fifty dry good stores, four

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003 from the locatl mercantile. The business started in the early 1870’s and lasted through about 1883. In later years the store was moved to 50 South C street.”

39 or has been donated to a museum. Nevada collectors keep track of the current locations of known bottles.

References:

banks, twenty laundries, six churches, schools, a railroad, soda bottling plants, and five newspapers - and a thriving redlight district.

A fire in 1875 destroyed three quarters of the city but it was quickly rebuilt.

Today “C” Street, the main business street, is lined with 1860’s and 1870’s buildings housing specialty shops of all kinds. The area is one of America’s largest Historical Landmarks and is a popular destination for tourists and history buffs.

Virginia City Bottles The Virginia City ink bottles may be the only inks with an embossed Western city that were manufactured in the West.

These bottles are believed to have been manufactured by the San Francisco Glass Works.

The ink bottles, unlisted by William Covil, are rather unusual in regards to their size. The cone ink is just under 2" tall, and 1 ¾” in diameter. The usual cone is at least 2 ½” tall and also 2 ½” in diameter. The Master inks are also small with the amber bottle 6 ½” tall and 2 1/8” in diameter. The aqua master is 7 ½” tall and 2 5/8” in diameter. Many master inks are 10” or 11” tall although smaller bottles are not uncommon.

The master inks are both whittled and both aqua inks have numerous bubbles in the glass. The bottles are believed to have been made Ca. 1875 in San Francisco.

The Nevada Bottle Book provides some history on Higgins: “R.L.Higgins started one of the first stationery and educational stores in Virginia City. His ads boasted of stationery, books, music, musical instruments and picture frames. The store originally located at 35 S. C Stret, carried quality supplies that wre previously only in limited quantity or by special orders

Rarity and Value All three bottles are very rare – two each of the amber and aqua master are known and 3 or 4 of the small cone bottles have been accounted for. Two complete sets of the three bottles are presently in Western collections.

Likely only one batch of each size was made. It was probably cheaper to import ink bottles from Eastern glasshouses, and countless inks from Eastern firms have been dug in the Virginia City area.

As you might expect the rarity and interest in these bottles makes them quite valuable. The last one to come up for auction was sold by Pacific Glass Auctions in the Fall of 2001. The pre-auction estimate was $7,000 to $10,000 but the final price was an amazing $18,700.

Where the known Bottles were found One amber master was found by Mike Dolconi in Davis, California in the early 1970’s. The other was dug by Randolph (Randy) Haumann in San Francisco in the mid 70’s. An aqua master was dug in Virginia City by Gene Sheilds and Jerry O’Doan in the mid 1970’s. Another was purchased in the mid-1970’s by Neal Force from an unknown digger. A third was in the Wright collection, digger unknown.

This bottle may have been donated to a museum. Ed Upson found three of the cone inks under some brush in Seven Mile Canyon north of Virginia City. Two whole and one broken cone inks were found by a construction crew while digging footings for a redwood deck in Virginia City. Jerry O’Doan dug one in Virginia City. With two exceptions, the ink bottles all have been found in the Virginia City area as you would expect.

Marty Hall, prominent Reno digger and collector, reports that five active diggers with over 70 years of digging in Virginia City have never found even a broken piece of a R.L.Higgins ink – they are that scarce!

Complete sets of the three bottles are in the Bryan Grapentine and Fred Holabird collections. Cone inks are in the Bob Ferraro and the Feltch collections. An amber master is in the Wright collection

Paher, Stanley. Nevada Ghost Towns and Mining Camps.

Holabird, Fred & Haddock. Jack The Nevada Bottle Book 2nd Edition.

About the Authors: Fred Holabird can be reached by mail at: 701 Gold Run Court, Reno, NV 89511, by phone: (775) 852-8822 or (775) 851-0837, and by E-mail: fred@holabird.org.

Bryan Grapentine can be reached by mail at: 1939 W. Waltann Lane, Phoenix, AZ 85023, or by E-mail: bgrapentine@att.net.

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

COLLECTING GLASS HOUSE PAPER

By J. C. Sturm The collecting of Glass House paper, or Ephemera as it is called, is a side line or "Go-With" collection for the bottle collector. The vast majority of these papers will have a vignette or picture of the company logo, the glass factory, or items manufactured by that glass house.

There are several different types of Glass House papers.

The letterhead type is the standard letter paper that the glass house used for general correspondence. It usually contained the company logo or a picture of the factory and had some details of products manufactored by the company.

The billhead type is just as the name implies, a rendering of items sold with the cost and billing information listed thereon.

From these billheads we can determine what products were sold by the company even if they are not listed on the letterhead. Billheads also give us an indication of the quantities sold. I once had a billhead from the W. W. Warner company which ordered 100,000 bottles at one time.

Envelopes, or postal covers, are another type of glass house collectible. Again, they usually show pictures of the glass house, the logo or glass workers in the factory. A cover with the vignette of glass blowers from the Cleveland Glass Works showed that it was located in Cleveland, Oswego

County, New York.

Many glass houses put out postal cards with pictures of the factories on them. In my bottle collection I have several bottles with the word DIXIE on the base. I had been told that the Dixie Glass Works was in Alabama. A postal card with a picture is marked Dixie Glass Works, Tallapoosa, Georgia.

Advertising flyers and Broadsides are also good sources of information on old glass houses. They are highly collectible and rarer than other types and therefore much harder to find and costlier to procure.

Stock certificates are available from some glass houses. They are usually very decorative and frame up nicely.

One other type is the shipping paper or bill of lading used when the glass was shipped by sailing vessel or wagon from its point of origin to the buyer. I have one such item which shows that the New England Glass Bottle Company shipped 32

hampers of bottles from Boston to New York aboard the Orleans on the seventh of September, 1831.

Where do collectors acquire these interesting articles of the past? I was intrigued by some framed papers while visiting Richard Watson's home in the mid-80's. I started looking for them at bottle shows and turned up quite a few.

Later when I started utilizing E-bay on the computer I found many more. Many of them can be acquired at a very reasonable price. It seems that the older papers and smaller glass houses tend to get quite pricey. Many collectors collect paper from their immediate areas only while others collect according to their specialties. That is, fruit jar collectors collect paper from factories where fruit jars were made, etc.

The majority of these papers are black and white however occasionally some turn up with some color. They make an interesting display when framed and hung as a grouping.

You have probably noticed that I have not touched on Glass House Money. This, in my way of thinking, is a complete field in its own. There are many glass house paper bills and metal coins at a variety of prices. Many have interesting vignettes on them. They seem to be priced fairly high, possible because they also draw interest from paper money collectors as well as bottle collectors.

Carl Sturm can be reached at 88 Sweetbriar Branch, Longwood, FL 32750, Phone: (407) 332-7689. or by E-mail: glassmancarl@sprintmail.com.

Bottles and Extras

Let’s Talk About Ink with Ed and Lucy Faulkner The Carter Ink Company Beginning in the mid 19th century many new ink companies were formed.

One of these was the Carter’s Company.

Carter’s was in business over a hundred years starting in 1858, and surviving until the last quarter of the 20th century when it was acquired by the Dennison Company. During that time it was probably one of the largest, if not the largest, ink producer selling millions of bottles a year.

The company began when William Carter rented a store from his uncle on Water Street in the heart of Boston. He opened the doors in 1858 as a paper wholesaler and called his company The William Carter Company. To supplement his sales, he added and sold glass inkwells.

Later he started buying ink in bulk and bottling and selling it as Carter’s Ink. In 1860 his brother Edward joined him and the company became William Carter and Bro. In 1861, with the beginning of the Civil War, a major opportunity opened up for Carter. He had been buying his ink from the firm of Tuttle and Moore. Tuttle joined the army and Moore stopped making ink.

Carter then took over the formulas for inks and mucilage on a royalty basis. To have the needed manufacturing space, he moved to a larger building a short distance away,

[Fig. 1]

Wm. Carter & Bros. pontiled umbrella

Spring 2003 41 still on Water Street. Company. John W. was most interested in With this change, the ink division and worked toward its another brother, John growth. With increased sales, in 1868, H. Carter, joined the the company split into a paper division and firm and it became an ink division, the ink group William Carter & moving to larger quarters on Broad Bros. [Fig. 1] Street.

To continue to Since 1862, Carter’s had been grow and compete in reaping the benefits of the sales skills of a tight market, James P. Dinsmore. He started selling Carter’s began to Carter’s products mainly in New aggressively market England, but began to branch out and sell their "Combined Writing and Copying not only in New York (where he was headInk" from one of the Tuttle and Moore quartered), but in cities all across the formulas. This made the difcountry. Because of his sales ference in their sales success. [Fig 2] skills and much advertising, In pre-typewriter days, to Carter’s "Raven Black" and make a copy of something, the "Combined" inks became original was written in viscous two of the most popular inks ink. Copies were made by in the country. [Figs. 3] pressing paper against the However, all was not to original. Up to six copies be well. In 1872, a fire broke could be made. Although out in the heart of special paper had to be used, Boston and burned a great the biggest problem was the portion of the business ink. Because copy ink had to district, including both be thick, every office had to Carter’s locations. Nothing have two inks. Combined ink remained of the buildings or was the answer because it was equipment. Because they thick enough for copies, yet had a good reputation, good flowed well enough to be used will with the business comwith pens. Carter’s Combined munity, and ink formulas, Ink found favor with they were able to start over. businesses and gave them the As stated earlier, John competitive edge they needed.

W. Carter was the mainstay Many ink bottles can be found of the ink division. After the today from both the Carter’s fire, he joined with Company and others with Dinsmore and bought out labels stating that it is the ink and adhesives combined ink. [Fig. 2] division, forming a new Qt. Carter-Dinsmore The company continued to venture known as Carter, Combined Ink grow and in 1867 another Dinsmore, and Company in Carter was invited to join the company. 1872. They took temporary space in This was John W. Carter, a cousin. The Boston until a new building site was found name was now changed to Carter Bros. & on Batterymarch Street in Boston. Old

[Figs. 3]

Carter’s Raven Black Ink bottle and order form for a gross of the popular Raven Black Cones.

Cost - only $3.00!

42

Spring 2003 Bottles and Extras With this modern factory, the best at that time. Employees got a week's paid [Fig. 4] available equipment, and more vacation, half day on Saturday (most comemployees, they had the means to handle panies worked 6 full days), shorter work increased sales. More ink was now being hours in winter, $10 Christmas bonus, free sold in glass bottles, such as Fig. 5. medical advice, full coverage for work Previously the commercial ink line had injuries, and legal aid if necessary. been sold mostly in stoneware bottles, such Throughout the early part of the 20th as Fig. 6. With this modern factory and century, the company managed to stay quality products, their inks and mucilage afloat during the war years when overseas were winning prizes for excellence all over supply sources were cut off and the world. New products continued to be international shipping next to impossible. introduced. These included bluing (for However, times were tough and in 1921 making clothes whiter and brighter), photo with the recession and tough competition, library paste, drawing, indelible, and especially from the Russian Cement stamping inks, gold, silver, and white inks, Company, (Signet), Carter’s posted the show card colors (tempera), and CICO first major loss in company history. liquid paste and ink eradicator. When typeEven with increased competition, the writer use became common, they Depression, and World War II, Carter’s manufactured usable carbon paper and managed to survive. In the late forties, typewriter ribbons. The early fifties, more branches company kept in touch with [Fig. 6] were added in major Amerithe modern era and adapted can cities. Every time things Batterymarch Street - area 3600 sq. ft. and added to its product line got rough they came up with notes state that they had 3600 square feet accordingly. new products to keep the on two floors. They had six mixing and In 1888, Mr. Dinsmore business going. storage tanks, no laboratories, a half dozen retired, but his contribution to However, by the sevenemployees and an office clerk. All the company had made it ties, things were tough mixing, stirring, and bottling was done by what it was in terms of sales. again. In 1976, Carter’s was hand and John was known to put on In 1895, John W. Carter died purchased by the Dennison rubber boots and clean out tanks. Dinsmore in an accidental drowning.

Company, which was would continue to concentrate on sales and Even with new management, bought by Avery advertising. [Fig. 4] Carter’s was a large and Manufacturing Company in John W. Carter was convinced that respected enough company 1990. Many of the old research was necessary to come up with due to the expert growth product lines are still made new and improved products if they wanted under Carter and Dinsmore under the Avery name. The to continue as a major company. He hired that it continued without Carter’s Ink Company was Gallon stoneware a skilled chemist to help him in the manu- problem into the twentieth a success story for more than Carter’s jug facturing of the best products modern century. It now was now a hundred years. It enjoyed science could offer. His ink production known as the Carter’s Ink Company and prosperity, sustained adversity, and grew from 100,000 bottles in 1873 to had branches in several cities across the continued meeting new product demands almost 5 million in 1884 making him the country, as well as a few European when sales were slow. Carter’s stayed a largest ink producer in the world at the markets and a Canadian plant. modern company keeping in touch with time. During this time, they produced As new products continued to be the home and business needs. [Fig. 7] "Extra Copying Ink" which eliminated the introduced, more space was needed, and Carter's bottles are found in many need for special paper for making copies. in 1910 a newfactory to handle growth was colors. Masters can be found in aqua, clear, French Railroad Ink was also added for built in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This all shades of amber and green, teal, and special uses. His product line was as new factory had the latest in automated [Fig. 7] complete as any ink manuequipment, making it easier to [Fig. 5] facturer in the country. fill, cap, and label bottles. The Once again he had to find work force and sales staff a larger building to accomincreased and the company modate his expanding sales. began expanding more into In 1884 he built a plant 10 international markets. In 1910 times the size of the present thirteen million bottles of inks plant. This was located on and mucilage were produced.

Columbus Avenue in The Carter’s Company Boston. This plant was was known as a good place to staffed with fifteen men and work and by 1912 they were Carter’s turtle nineteen women all under offering fringe benefits Carter’s produced a variety of products the direction of a foreman. with doors and windows. unheard of in most companies

Bottles and Extras [Fig. 8]

Spring 2003

43 [Fig. 10]

[Fig. 9]

Carter’s India Ink

Cone ink with pen ledge Pat. 1879

Business listed as Booksellers and Stationers

light to cobalt blue, as well as pottery.

Known master sizes range from one quarter pint to quart size. Pottery bottles are most often seen in the pint, quart, and gallon jugs. Small bottles are also in all colors in round, square, turtle [Fig. 5], odd-shaped [Fig. 8], flat with pen ledges , umbrellas (rare) and perhaps most common of all, the cone shape [Figs. 9 and 10].

A favorite of collectors is the 1897 patent cone in all the many decorative colors. The umbrella is only known to me in the labeled version while most all others are embossed in some way. Most Carter’s cones are embossed on the bottom, but one of the older ones has shoulder embossing. Even though a lot of Carter’s bottles are very common, some are quite hard to find, such as the turtle and umbrella.

The Ma and Pa Carter porcelain bottles marketed as advertising gimmicks around 1914-16 are highly sought after [See article heading]. Probably the most collectible of the 20th century bottles by Carter are the cobalt cathedral bottles made in the late 20's to early 1930's. These come in four sizes (if you count the small "clover type") and are very pretty bottles.

When first sold, instructions for making these into lamps came with them.

Carter’s was noted for its extensive advertising and there are a lot of go-withs to add to your collection of bottles. These include thermometers, signs, pictures [Fig. 11], clocks, trade cards [Fig. 12] and blotters, calendars [Fig. 13], inkwells, and even small items such as cork screws and matchbook covers. For someone just getting started in inks, Carter’s would make a good collection by trying to get

some of all types and colors and, if possible, buy with the original label as this increases the value.

But most of all, have fun in your hunt.

References: A History of the Carter ’s Ink Company - Carter’s Publication 1975, with special thanks to John Hinkel for sharing information. www.Averydennison.com (Website) Kovel's Advertising and Collectibles Guide, 1986-87.

Communications Written in Ink (from) Antique Bottle World, Nov. 1979.

Pictures are from the Faulkner collection

[Fig. 12] Trade cards were often humorous.

[Fig. 11] Self framed tin lithograph The Old Bookkeeper

Ed & Lucy Faulkner are avid ink and glass works bottle collectors. They can be reached

by E-mail: faulkner@antiquebottles.com.

Also, visit their own Webpage at: http://mywebpages.comcast.net/edandlucy1/

[Fig. 13] Carter-Dinsmore advertising calendar

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Spring 2003

Veterinary Roundtable

By Mike Smith, DVM Petvet@mindspring.com Dr. John T. Claris, V.S. Buffalo, New York All collectors spend a lot of time on deciding just how to display their collections. Veterinary collectors are blessed with a wide array of country store veterinary cabinets in which to showcase their medicines. It can be very frustrating however, to have a cabinet and be unable to find any medicines from the company that produced the cabinet. It is especially frustrating if the company produced some of the most colorful and detailed packaging in all of veterinary patent medicine history.

The following is the history of one such company.

John Claris was born in London, Canada in 1862. His family moved to Buffalo, New York where he resided his entire life. He attended public school in Buffalo and then went on to study at the Toronto Veterinary College. He graduated with his degree as a Veterinary Surgeon in 1882 at the age of twenty.

Upon his graduation, he returned to Buffalo and immediately became involved in government and private veterinary practice. Dr. Claris became the Federal inspector for the port of Buffalo, a post he held for eight years. He also opened his Buffalo East Side Horse Infirmary on Clinton Street.

Bottles and Extras

Bottles and Extras Dr. Claris, a staunch Republican, had a lifelong interest and involvement in politics. He was on the State Republican Committee and became the Chief Inspector for Western New York for the Bureau of Animal Industry. This would later become the Department of Agriculture. Dr. Claris would hold this post for over 30 years.

His veterinary practice was very successful and quickly outgrew the first facility on Clinton Street. In 1884, he built a new brick building down the street from his first office. He included steam heating and “modern” ventilation. The ground floor held 16 box stalls and 20 open stalls.

The second floor held doctor’s offices, a museum of comparative anatomy, along with surgical suites and treatment facilities. The third floor was for the manufacture of veterinary medicines. This area was managed by Dr. W. T. Twitty, M.D. Dr. Twitty was also Dr. Claris’ brother-in-law, having married John’s sister. This third floor had a laboratory and rooms for labeling and shipping.

By 1896, the facility was again enlarged to add a 30 stall private boarding stable. Dr. Claris’ veterinary empire went on to include a branch hospital near the Buffalo stock yards. By 1913, he had hospitals in Jersey City, New Jersey, Cleveland, Ohio, and Bedford, Massachusetts. Claris advertised that 2000 patients were annually admitted to his main hospital in Buffalo. The Claris Hospital employed a grandly painted animal ambulance which was known throughout Buffalo. The ambulance was pulled by Forepaugh and Barnum, Dr. Claris’ famed pair of twin horses.

On a personal note, Dr. Claris was quite an imposing figure. He was 6’7” tall and weighed over 300 pounds. He was married to Otelia Claris and had one son.

John Woodward Claris would follow in his father ’s footsteps and become a Veterinarian. A surviving letterhead that I have seen shows that his son had joined the firm by 1922.

In 1921, John Claris suffered a “stroke of apoplexy” and his health never fully recovered. In August of 1923, he went to Albany, New York to attend a testimonial dinner. Witnesses stated that as Dr. Claris climbed the hill to the offices of the Department of Farms, he collapsed on the steps and died. The date was August 27, 1923. John T. Claris was 61 years old.

The Buffalo Courier of September 1, 1923 has a small article on the will of Dr. Claris. He left his private

Spring 2003 veterinary business to his son, John W. Claris. He bequeathed the medicine manufacturing portion of the veterinary business to his brother in law, William T. Twitty, M.D. Dr. Twitty had been responsible for the development and production of the Claris line of veterinary patent medicines. Dr. Twitty’s son, Robert Claris Twitty, V. S. was also a veterinary surgeon employed by the firm.

The Claris’ remedies were led by a medicine he called Kronkine. This was billed as the great fever cure. It would stimulate the heart and nourish a sick horse. One tablespoon would stop a chill, relieve congestion, and prevent inflammation. Kronkine was available in powder or liquid and in quantities up to five gallons. A booklet from 1889 lists 19 different veterinary remedies produced in a variety of sizes.

Where are they? There can be no doubt that Dr. Claris had a large and thriving practice in Buffalo for over 40 years. Did he attempt to market his remedies nationwide or was he content with limited regional diversity? The scarcity of labeled Claris’ remedies today would certainly seem to indicate a limited distribution. Perhaps his branch offices were short lived. Besides Buffalo, only the Jersey City location has had labeled medicine examples come to light.

Compared to existing numbers of Dr. Daniels’ or even Dr. Lesure’s remedies, Dr. Claris medicines have to be considered uncommon to rare. Claris did produce glass front display cabinets in quantity, so one must assume that country stores and stables sold the Claris’ products. It is clear today that the cabinets exist in far greater numbers proportionally than the remedies.

Collectors that have a Claris’ display cabinet typically have few, if any, Claris remedies to display within the cabinets.

What great display appeal his medicines have. Detailed colorful labels were a standard on Claris’ bottles. The graphic quality of the images on the labels are so appealing to collectors today. The best examples were the Colic Medicine, the twin horses on the Fever Medicine, the ambulance on Kronkine, and the decked out elephant on the Liniment bottles. As collectors, these are highlights to our collections.

Paper ephemera is somewhat more available in the form of company letterhead, receipts, and booklets. The Claris logos were extremely detailed.

Signs, posters, and other advertising exist in very limited numbers. I have no doubt

45 that Dr. Claris believed in the old adage, “To be successful, you have to look successful”. His attention to packaging and detail certainly paid off in his day and left a legacy, however small, to collectors today.

Photo Descriptions: 1. Kronkine. 7 1/2” x 2 1/2” x 2”.

Embossed: JOHN T. CLARIS V.S. / 625, 627, 629 CLINTON ST. BUFFALO, N.Y. // DR. CLARIS VETERINARY HOSPITAL. All embossing is on the sides.

2. Colic Medicine. Image of “Dr. Claris famous saddle mare Holly C.” 6” x 2” x 1 1/4”. Embossed: DR. J.T. CLARIS V.S. // BUFFALO, N.Y. 3. Fever Medicine. Image of Forepaugh and Barnum, twin horses used to pull the ambulance. 6” x 2” x 1 1/4”. Embossed: DR. J. T. CLARIS V.S. // BUFFALO, N.Y. 4. Dr. Claris’ White Liniment. 9” x 3 1/ 4” x 2 3/4.” One dollar size. Embossed: JOHN T. CLARIS V.S. / 625, 627, 629 CLINTON ST. BUFFALO, N.Y. // BUFFALO EAST SIDE VETERINARY HOSPITAL. 5. Healing Mixture. Dr Claris hosptial on label. 7 1/2” x 2 1/2” x 2”. Embossed: JOHN T. CLARIS V.S. / 625, 627, 629 CLINTON ST. BUFFALO, N.Y. // BUFFALO EAST SIDE VETERINARY HOSPITAL.

Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors’ Slide Shows for Rent Educational - Fun Informative To rent one of these programs, or if you have questions about the specific contens please contact: Barbara Hill Box 60, Tulare, CA 93275 Phone: (559) 686-1873

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

THE 2003 NATIONAL SHOW

2001 EDITION ...

KENTUCKY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER

“The Fruit Jar Collector’s Bible”

RedBook

9

Reflects Recent Price Influences of Auctions and the Internet, as well as Current Price Trends

LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY JUNE 28 - 29, 2003 Saturday, June 28th Dealer Set-Up & Early Admission 1-5 PM

Sunday, June 29th Dealer Set-Up & Early Admission 7-9 AM General Admission 9 AM - 3 PM Contact: Ralph Van Brocklin 1021 W. Oakland Ave. Suite #109 Johnson City, TN 37604 (423) 913-1378 Also, visit the website for more information or to download the forms @ www.fohbc.com

Soft Cover, 432 Pages Over 10,000 Entries $35 US - $40 Non-US - Post Paid Order from Author : DOUGLAS M. LEYBOURNE, JR. P.0. BOX 5417 - NORTH MUSKEGAN, MI 49445

NOTE: Early Admission to Federation National Shows is a priviledge of Membership - Please do join us and enjoy the show, as well as the other benefits that the Federation offers to its Members!

Bottles and Extras

Collecting St. Louis Blob Soda Bottles

by Curt Faulkenberry The earliest known St. Louis, Missouri blob soda bottles date to the 1840's.

However, for years, no pontiled St. Louis soda bottles were being dug.

In the 1960's, blob soda bottles were a very hot collectible. A large group of collectors were grouping, and were ready to form two area bottle clubs, "The St. Louis Bottle Club" and the "Metro East Bottle and Jar Association." Among these early collectors were Joe Messmer, Terry Phillips, Dale Henry, Liz Rath, Lee Foland, John Love, Hal and Vern Wagner, Sarah Hartmann, Sam Taylor, Ted Bradley, Dennis Green, John Stech, Jerry Mueller and Bob Steven.

These collectors were being supplied by many bottle diggers, which included Gene Kelley, Dale Steele, Larry Cummins, Ed Weidert, John Smelley, Mark Miller, Tom Feltman and Bill Karius.

Busch Stadium was under construction in 1964 and 1965. Diggers like Gene Kelley found some early pontiled St. Louis soda bottles at this site and collectors quickly became interested. At this stage in the game, bottle names like H. Grone, Hassinger and Petterson, J. Cairns and D. Colver all were the same. Nobody knew at this time which bottles were common, scarce or rare; they were all good and the prices were high on all of them.

The Convention Center was under

Common Bottles 1. H. Grone & Co 2. Haight & Obrein 3. Hassinger & Petterson 4. Hassiinger & Obrein 5. J. Cairns 6. C. Damherst 7. Jno. Obrein 8. G. Sudhoff 9. c. Abel 10. C. Hannemann

Spring 2003

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construction in the late 1960's. This is the site where many blob bottles were found, and the rarity was starting to fall in line. Many H. Grones, Haight and Obrein, J. Cairns, C. W. Schlepers and Hassinger and Pettersons were being dug. While very few D. Colvers and Allen and Co. were being dug. Thus most collectors by the mid-1970's now knew which bottles were rare and commanded the higher prices.

Throughout the 1970's, the categories of rarity were falling into place more and more.

Soon it became evident that St. Louis Hutchiinsons, quart blobs and colored soda bottles had started to go from uniform to specific. The truly rare bottles went up in price, while the common bottles came down.

It must be noted that unlike other cities where you have some common colored soda bottles, such as: J. Ryan, Savannah and Lomax, Chicago, all St. Louis colored blob soda bottles are hard to find. They run from scarce, L. Block and Bro. in teal, to extrarare, R & J Adams in cobalt blue. Therefore the prices on colored St. Louis soda bottles remained high.

By the 1980's, the St. Louis bottle market softened quite a bit. Many of the original collectors had most of what was available and their interest started to wane.

Not as many young collectors were buying St. Louis blob soda bottles, as many were interested in beer cans or sports cards.

The prices on blob soda bottles came down so low that they became very good investments.

By the 1990's, a new influx of collectors entered the blob soda market.

Slowly the prices started to rise again. Collectors like Arlin Cargill, Ken Farnsworth, Gene Anderson, Theo Adams and Jim and Delores Brawley were very assertively building great collections. Both pontiled and smooth base blob sodas have a strong following.

These collectors know the truly rare bottles and seek them eagerly.

Today, along with the names mentioned, collectors - like Bob Hawkins and Jerry Walters - have made the market very strong.

Truly extra-rare bottles can run into the thousands of dollars, and colored St. Louis bottles even more.

Theo Adams and I stated that if a "Congress Hall" or "M & W" ten-pin were placed on a table with a $2500 price tag, how long would it be there before it was snatched up? Both of us thought less than two minutes.

EBay has caused the prices to go up even higher. Common bottles are being sold every week for higher prices than ever realized.

This author feels these bottles are well worth the price. Not only are collectors collecting history of long-gone companies, but as time goes by, fewer and fewer bottles are being dug. There are only an infinite number of privies out there and when these bottles are no longer being dug, then they must come from the second market. The prices then would go up to a much higher level.

Scarce Bottles 1. P. Bermingham 2. R&J Adams 3. Brandon & Feasby 4. Blocke Bro 5. Beck & Zeisler 6. Timmermann & Grone 7. C. Voelker (?)

8. H. Borgstedt 9. L. Nickolaus 10. Wetter & Mehrkens

EXtra-rare Bottles 1. Congress Hall 2. Will Stevens 3. Sinnutt & Smythe 4. Witter & Christian 5. T. I. Reichenbach 6. L. Richardson 7. Jno Weaver 8. M. Pearl 9. Arch Matthews 10. Champion Bottling Co

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Spring 2003

Wyoming Hutchinson Bottles

by Warren Borton Over twenty years have passed since the 50 state Hutchinson soda craze of the 1970s.

The Hutch collecting fever was at its peak as people struggled to complete a 50state collection for our Nation’s birthday in 1976.

The competition was hot and the prices were high. Many bottles brought previously unheard of prices.

Since that time several state collections have been broken up and dispersed. High priced bottles have lost value due to the declining market and an increased supply.

Hutch sodas, such as those from Boise, Idaho, have been discovered in such numbers to cause a drastic fall in their value. Most collectibles go through a cycle of highs and lows. Perhaps this is the perfect time to start a collection.

My interest in Hutchinson sodas has always centered on my home state of Wyoming. I have collected Wyoming bottles for nearly twenty-five years.

In years of digging for bottles I have found very few Hutch sodas. Due to each bottle having a return deposit, not many were discarded down privy holes, where I do most of my digging.

Since my last article on Wyoming Hutches in 1984, there have been very few new discoveries.

The Hutchinson soda bottle was used in Lander, Evanston, Sheridan, Rawlins, Kemmerer, Diamondville, Laramie and Cheyenne.

Only three other towns had bottlers which could have used the Hutchinson soda bottle.

Buffalo had a bottler for over thirty years, and I did uncover a broken Hutch there. Unfortunately I only found the top and shoulders of the bottle.

Saratoga had a bottler for several years, making it a good candidate also. Rock springs too had a bottler during the Hutch soda era.

An old-time collector swore to me that he had seen a Rock Springs Hutch.

But I was never able to prove the existence of the bottle.

The Hutchinson bottle was first used in Wyoming by Laramie bottler, Nels C, Peterson, in 1881. Peterson's first bottles were applied-top, produced by Illinois Glass Company.

His later Hutches were embossed Laramie City or just Laramie. They were produced commonly in blue-aqua or green-aqua and rarely in clear.

The Cheyenne Bottle Club put out a book in which they listed a quart-sized Peterson Hutch soda. I have tried without success to locate this bottle for over twenty years. Then, this past month I traded for one. Within days I located a second example; needless to say this is an extremely rare bottle.

To my knowledge there are only three quart Hutchinsons from the West. In addition to the Laramie bottle, both Colorado and Dakota each have an example. Quart hutches are common to the East, but extremely rare in the West.

In 1887, the Hofman Brothers produced the only other applied-top Hutch from Wyoming. Know primarily as liquor

Bottles and Extras merchants, the brothers added soda to the products for a brief period.

Since Wyoming became a state in 1890, all examples are marked W.T. for Wyoming Territory. This is the only territorial marked Hutchinson from Wyoming.

The most common hutches are from Cheyenne. M.O. Bennett was listed as a bottler in the 1890’s. There are four Bennett bottles with the earliest variant base-marked C.C.C.Co. which is a Colorado Glass Works.

This variant is extremely rare.

Next is an oval slug-plate, found both in aqua and clear. The rarer tombstone plate bottle comes only in aqua.

Lyman Astley was the proprietor of the Cheyenne Bottling Works by 1901. When he died his widow sold out to Herman Aman in 1904.

The H. Aman and M.O. Bennett bottles are the most common Hutches from Wyoming. Outside a couple variant bottles, all Cheyenne Hutches are pretty common.

The Lander Bottling Works began in 1894. The earliest bottle carries this date. All know examples of this rare soda were found in the Fort Washakie dump.

Apparently soldiers discarded their empties along the river below the fort.

Since Lander was ten miles away it was too much trouble to return them.

The later bottle is a paneled base bottle found in a deep sun-colored purple. Although more common then the 1894 variant, it is still a very rare bottle. I do not know of a Lander Hutch being found in over twenty years of digging.

Diamondville was established in 1894 as a coal mining camp. Both bottlers were listed as groceries rather than bottlers. Silfvast and Kangas is the more common bottle. The Hendrickson Bros. bottle is rarer. Both bottles are found only in aqua.

Kemmerer was a sister city of Diamondville and home of the first J.C. Penny store. F.D. Fagnant was first listed as a cobbler. Later he was listed as Kemmerers’ only bottler.

Jacob Waeckerlin operated a bakery and confectionary store in Rawlins in the 1890’s. His bottle is often found with the Denver Glass Works emblem embossed on the base.

This glass company operated from 1901

Bottles and Extras

until 1908 when it burned down. His bottle is found only in clear or sun-colored examples.

His competitor, Charles Seier, was in business in Greeley, Colorado as well as in Ogden, Utah. During my digging in Rawlins, I uncovered both the Rawlins and the Greeley Hutches in the same hole. It is clear that Seier moved to Rawlins from Colorado and then to Utah.

Although George Forbes was listed as a bottler in Kemmerer, there are no known bottles from his business. Speculation would lead one to believe he sold out early to either F.D. Fagnant or the partnership of Silfvast and Kangas.

His primary soda works operated in Evanston, starting sometime in the early 1890’s.

In the beginning, his partner in business was Harry Bodine, who later is found listed as a hotel manager.

His first bottle is a tombstone plate hutch embossed George Forbes / Soda / Bottling / Works / Evanston , Wyo. I have the only known whole example of this bottle, as well as another broken specimen. Both specimens are poorly embossed.

The last bottle in the set is a paneled base style marked George Forbes/ Bottling / Works. There are no known whole examples.

Sheridan Hutchinson sodas were extremely rare when my

Spring 2003 fist article was written. The J.J. Yager bottle is still very scarce. But as a few more bottles have shown up during the past decade, it has become the most common of the Sheridan sodas.

The Compton Bros. bottle is the only picture Hutch from Wyoming. And the only Wyoming hutch to have the state spelled out on the bottle.

These bottles remain extremely rare and difficult to acquire. In 1912, the last year of the Hutchinson soda bottle, Yager was joined by a partner.

Last year my long-time digging companion, Darrel Meyer, and I made an incredible discovery. While digging an ash pit in Sheridan, I uncovered a previously unknown Hutch soda, embossed Yager & Waldo, Sheridan, Wyo.!

The enormity of this discovery lies in the fact that this is the first unknown Hutch soda found in over twenty years! These types of events occur rarely in the life of a digger.

I have collected Wyoming bottles for over twenty-five years. In that time I have been fortunate enough to have dug up a great number of Wyoming bottles. And I have acquired a few with the silver pick from other collectors and the

49

wondrous EBay. But there is no greater thrill than to pull a rare bottle from the earth, where it has been entombed for a hundred years. To think that it has not felt the touch of a human hand in a century.

I wonder about the person who tossed the bottle away. How astonished would he be that a person would go through so much effort to recover his discarded trash? There is little doubt that he would be amazed at our crazy endeavors.

And what of the bottler, druggist, or whiskey merchant if he could see the incredible prices paid for his old containers. I can see them both shaking their heads in disbelief.

I often wonder about myself as the crazy digger wasting all my time with old trash. But I remind myself constantly that there is so little time and so much to dig.

Who knows what I’ll find next time! I can hardly wait to go digging again!

To contact Warren Borton: 8269 S. Hayes Street Midvale, UT 84047.

Or by E-mail: wcborton@email.msn.com

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Spring 2003

History of a Western Patent Medicine

Johnson's Valley Tan Remedies Salt Lake City Utah Territory

By Stan Sanders Photographs by Mickey Roach The following history is quoted from Utah - Her Cities - Towns and Resources W. E. Conkey Company - Chicago - Printers and Binders - Chicago 1891-1992 The Valley-Tan Laboratory "The history of proprietary, or patent medicines, as they are termed, discloses a wonderful number of different brands throughout the world. Many of these preparations possess valuable medical qualities, while others are worthless, if not positively detrimental. A good patent medicine, or family remedy, however, is deserving of mention, and the editors of this work feel inclined, from the wellknown merit and excellence of its preparations, to give the Valley-Tan, or V.T.R. Laboratory of Mr. C. E. Johnson, located at 54 and 56 S. West Temple, an extended notice in these pages.

This enterprising manufactory is essentially a home institution in every sense of the word. It deals in and manufactures home-made medicines for family use, taking advantage of the many valuable remedies growing at our very doors, and combining them all with the good

Bottles and Extras

remedies of the known world, to produce an effective and useful whole. The composition of the various remedies was chiefly the result of the life-long labors of Mr. Joseph E. Johnson, the father of the present proprietor. The Laboratory was put in operation some six years ago (1884),

by C. E. Johnson, and it success has been a phenomenal one in the history of enterprises of this class.

The preparations of the Laboratory are designated as "Valley-Tan Remedies," and the "V.T.R." trademark that appears at the head of this article, are very familar throughout the West. An analysis of the V.T.R. trademark appears at the end of this article, and will be found well worth a perusal, from the fact that it is unique and shows evidence of much thought and care for detail, which is a marked feature in all Mr. Johnson's affairs. The principal preparations of the Laboratory at the present writing are: Johnson's Oil of Science, V.T.R. Cough Cordial, Johnson's Ginger, Kol-Kura (Johnson), V.T.R. Canker Syrup, V.T.R. Eye Salve, Compound Boneset Pills, V.T.R. Liniment, Johnson's Essence of Life, Johnson's Peach Tonic, Magic Corn Cure, Johnson's Blackberry Tonic, V.T.R. Worm Lozenges, Baboria (Johnson), Johnson's Wine of Wormwood, Johnson's Juniper Tonic, Johnson's Pill, V.T.R. Lung Troches, and other articles, such as Elixirs, Syrups, Tinctures, etc.

The excellences of these medicines are amply exemplified in the numerours testimonials that Mr. Johnson has received and also by the gold medals, diplomas, etc. awarded him at the Territorial Fairs.

The V.T.R. Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Photo of C. E. Johnson, cir. 1891, found on page 46 of Utah Her Cities - Towns and Resources.

Joseph E. Johnson, the discoverer and inventor of these valuable remedies, was born in New York State in 1817. At a very early age, he manifested a disposition to follow the practice of medicine, and began to study the nature of remedies and theory of diseases as well as he could in so early a day. Following this up, he gathered herbs, roots and barks and compounded them for neighbors and friends, and was among the first to note the evil effects of mineral poisons and

Two different Vallen Tan Remedy bottles (B.I.M.) cir. 1885-1890.

Bottles and Extras

Spring 2003

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Valley Tan Remedy Advertisement, cir. 1883, Salt Lake City. endeavor to find vegetalbe substances possessing the benefits without the damages attending them.

He was passionately fond of plants and flowers, both for their beauty and remedial qualities. By his discovery, some ten or twelve new varieties of plants have been added to the botany of the United States, four of which were named after him

by Government Botanists. Joseph E. Johnson was in many respects a remarkable man. He was of a roving disposition, but always had an object in view, viz.: To make "the desert blossom as the rose." He sought always to develop new territory, and was ever among the advance guard of the Daniel Boone type of pioneers, who set their faces toward the land of the setting sun. Whenever a railroad caught up with him, he pulled up stakes and moved forward.

In 1848, he emigrated to Nebraska, where he established large supply stores for furnishing and outfitting the overland emigrants to California. He also embarked on the sea of journalism, and was the editor and proprietor of the first paper, printed on Nebraska soil. He edited and published the Omaha Arrow, the Council Bluffs Bugle, the Crescent City Oracle, the Western Bugle and the Huntsman's Echo.

He was also a postmaster at Council Bluffs, Iowa, for several years and assisted largely in the development of that State as well as Nebraska. He made a visit to this territory in 1851, and was very much impressed with the future prospects of Utah, and returned home with the intention of moving out as soon as circumstances would permit. He returned in 1861, and established a home at Spring Lake Villa, when Utah was still "Desert", and

published the Farmer's Oracle. He moved onward to St. George in 1868, where he remained until 1882. Here he published the Rio Virgen Times and Utah Pomologist, during all of which time he commanded the confidence and respect of all. In 1882, in company with other members of his family, he removed to Temple, Arizona, at which place he died the same year. Before his death, he gave to his son, Mr. C. E. Johnson, who had been his constant companion and colaborer all his life until within a few months of his death, all the recipes, formulas, etc., with the desire that they should be manufactured and placed upon the market in proper shape.

With the establishment of the V.T.R. Laboratory, Mr. C. E. Johnson infused new life, and inaugurated many changes in the method of preparing the medicines by which more elegant preparations resulted.

The labels, wrappers, circulars, etc., were all made in new and neat designs, the

Kol-Kura Box (front), containing bottle and contents. Cir. 1890. printing being done in Mr. Johnson's own V.T.R. printing office, where two presses were kept busy all the time, the office being under the more immediate care of Mr. G. W. Johnson, a brother of the proprietor. New moulds for the special V.T.R. bottles were made, new engravings, etc., were obtained, and a uniformity never before attained in the history of the

Front and back of an extremely rare advertising token for "Johnson's V.T.R.� distributed for the dedication of the famous Salt Lake Mormon Temple “April 6th, 1893".

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

Two VTR Trade Cards, Cir. 1890. remedies is the result.

There is one thing which Mr. Johnson desires especially to inform the public, and that is the fact that the Valley-Tan Remedies are not intended to take the place of a physician, but rather as an aid to him.

For instance, take the V.T.R. Cough Cordial. If there is any need of a preparation to ease a cough in connection with any disease, instead of writing a prescription for a special mixture, the cough cordial is already prepared, is always the same, and being sold at all stores, is easily obtained. It can be taken at the same time with other medicines, and does not interfere with its action. All the V.T.R. preparatioins are the same. They will never do any harm under any circumstances. It is a fact that human nature is so suspicious of anything produced at

home, and many people are so prejudiced that they will not give home-prepared articles a trial. Those, however, who have tried them, have been so pleased with the result that they keep them always at hand thereafter. Should any of the readers of this book who have not already done so, feel like trying any of the remedies, Mr. Johnson will be pleased to furnish them free samples for this purpose. To use Mr. Johnson's own words, 'If I can only get people to try them, or even to look at them, they will be pleased, I am sure, and feel like encouraging a home enterprise. They are put up in as good style, and are as cheap as the same class of imported articles. They are much better adapted to the cure of the various diseases as they occur in the mountain regions, than those brought from other locations.'

Johnson's Kol-Kura Vintage box, containing six bottles with original contents, cir. 1890.

The Laboratory is situated in a large building 36 x 120 feet, where a number of persons are kept busy putting up the remedies, the preparing of the same being done by Mr. Johnson only.

Mr. Charles E. Johnson, better known as 'Charlie' Johnson, the proprietor of this interesting and valuable home industry, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, but has resided in Utah practically all his life. 'My dear little mother walked across the plains - from Omaha to Utah', says Mr. Johnson, 'and I often contrast her dreary and perilous jouney with the journeys over the same ground today, especially when I hear some lady friend remark 'we had a dreadfully tiresome journey' (view Pullman palace sleeper).

Charles Johnson is thoroughly identified with Utah in all its interests in a practical manner, and is a man of business abilities, is enterprising and liberal in all business matters, and is destined to rank among the prominent commercial and manufacturing men of the country. In the establishment and operation of this industry, he has contributed maerially to the commercial and manufacturing prosperity of the city, as his industry is especially a home one.

The value of such a plant to the city cannot be computed in dollars and cents.

Mr. Johnson is a member of the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce, is an equal partner with Mr. P. P. Pratt, Jr., in the successful firm of druggists known as Johnson, Pratt & Co., who have the largest wholesale and retail drug houses in Salt Lake City, and also a partner in the leading photographic firm of S & J (Sainsbury & Johnson).

Socially, he is recognized as a kindly

A tradecard for Johnson's Kol-Kura.

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53

spoken and cultured gentleman.

He is very fond of music and patron of all legitimate amusements, and is very popular in consequence thereof.

In all walks of life, he is the same genial gentleman, with always leaning towards 'the underdog in the fight.' With these characteristics, there is no reason to doubt that Mr. Johnson will, in the near future, be numbered among the most honored and successful businessmen of the land. 'There are seven Johnson boys,' says Mr. Johnson, 'ranging from my own age downward, so that there are strong chances that the Valley-Tan Remedies will for many years be manufactured by the Johnsons."

The OAK WREATH is an emblem of long life. The oak tree is looked upon as attaining the greatest age of anything we speak of as being alive.

The LAUREL WREATH is an emblem of victory. Man obtains a victory inexpressible when he has learned to 'speak no ill, but lenient to the other's failings as his own.' Are you, reader, in possession of the wreath of the laurel?

The SHIELD is an emblem of protection; its application as boundless as time and space.

The RIBBON OF LOVE, which binds firmer than chains of steel.

Dynasties are swayed by it.

The MOTTO - vitus semper virdis - 'Virtue is ever-bright, or "Vintage" Stan Sanders along side his patent medicine evergreen.' collection in the Stan Sanders Bottle Museum.

The SOUNDS SYMBOLS, Analysis of the mankind comprehends. Its glory typifies V.T.R. are the initials of the words Val'Valley-Tan Trademark' The CIRCLE - when complete, repre- the Glory of Him we call God. Its daily ley-Tan Rememdies. Combinations of the sents the un-ending circle of time - with- appearance and disappearance illustrates sublime and ridiculous are made from out beginning or end. The circle is a the brevity of human life; and what more them in almost endless numbers.

The TRADEMARK in its entirety symbol of beauty. It is a symbol of The beautiful comparison than the one which Earth, and of everything above, below and leads to the thought that we died and lay makes a neat and tasty design by which our bodies down to arise again in brighter our friends may instantly recognize the around, about or upon it.

The BROKEN CIRCLE typifies the glory. Light and heat are LIFE; Darkness preparations emanating from the 'Valleymortal existence. Man cometh up in the and cold - DEATH! The seed dies in teh Tan' or 'V.T.R.' Laboratory. We shall never morning and goeth down in the evening cold soil unless the sprout son reaches the permit a poor article to go out, bearing of life. Whence, and where, who shall truly warmth and light of the SUN! Every the V.T.R. Trademark." thought of it is sublime! tell?

The SUN is the giver all of all life. It is Stan Sanders can be reached at 2743 Blair Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, emblematic of every other thing that or by E-mail: utahstan@aros.net.

Shore, North Carolina Jugs

by Clarence “Corky� Shore Shore, North Carolina was a whiskey distilling community located on Flint Hill Road in Yadkin County, fifteen miles west of Winston-Salem. The town was incorporated on May 14th, 1903, helping to date the pictured jugs. It is felt that the name of the town was likely chosen due to the large number of inhabitants of that name.

A large portion of the whiskey distilled in Shore was sold to the Winston-Salem based Casper Company. This firm was a distributor, not a distiller, of whiskeys. With seven distilleries reportedly present in Shore, the 'goods' were in ample supply for a major distributor.

There are three distillers from which I can identify stenciled

jugs -- I. C. Shore & Co, Yadkin Valley Distilling Co and Riverside Manufacturing Co. Clarence "Corky" Shore is a long-time collector of North Carolina whiskey items and vinegars. He always has an interest in hearing from collectors with Shore, North Carolina, items. He can be reached at shorejugs@triad.rr.com.

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Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

Oregon Brewery Mugs C. A. Gilbert It is good there are so many categories of bottles because the likelihood of any two collectors agreeing on a favorite can be remote. Some of us favor several, therefore challenged on multiple fronts and perhaps escaping disappointment that ensues when you cannot buy, beg or trade for those elusive, rare remaining pieces to fulfill a collection.

We simply defer and make more fervent efforts in another category, or better yet, investigate the world of go-with memorabilia to further enhance an existing collection.

This article is not an attempt to convince you that antique beer mugs is my favorite category; but is entertaining and sufficiently challenging.

Pictured are some prime beer mugs from Oregon. All are from the heyday of glorious lager beer in pre-prohibition Oregon (pre-1916). This is not a complete selection, to be sure, but a nice offering.

Most of you are well aware of how the Internet has changed personal contact.

Automated auction services have elevated buying and selling activities for collectors to unforeseen levels.

Some of these old beauties came from eBay. The North Pacific Brewery mug is rare and a nice specimen fetches between

$300-600 on a good day.

If this seems a wide estimate range, most collectors will agree it depends upon how many bidders are involved, and also pre-year-2000 market conditions have adjusted prices downward somewhat.

Prices evolve based upon people's sense of rarity, value and perhaps their own net worth!

The North Pacific Brewing mug is also one of the few examples that have the gorgeous blue color, which makes it stand out in the display case. This brewery was Astoria's largest.

John Kopp began in 1884 and prohibition ended the firm's reign.

Collectors seek no fewer than six amber embossed beer bottles from NPB (three blob top/quart, pint and split; and 3 crown

top/quart, pint and split).

The blob tops are the harder to find and beer trays are even harder to obtain. The other mug is a bit of an anomaly in that usually a bottle leads to a company. In this case, there are no known embossed bottles from this Mt. Hood brewing company.

Paper labels surface, some nice beer trays and etched beer glasses, but no bottles.

This firm conducted business between 1904-1916. They continued in business through prohibition and in 1928, created a business empire when its owner, Arnold Blitz, joined forces with Henry Weinhard's company to form Blitz-Weinhard.

Weinhard left a host of artifacts to trace its legacy; the count is ongoing for embossed beers (probably at least eight, including blob tops) and a veritable array of trays, glasses, labels, ads, signs and more.

This early Portland merchant understood the value of publicity and public goodwill and created the largest brewery in the Northeast, whose beer was widely exported.

The H. Weinhard mug comes up for auction occasionally and is an attractive one.

An unusual offering is the Hot Lake Sanatorium mug pictured next to the Weinhard. The ruins of this world famous resort can still be viewed enroute to the town of Union, Oregon. Various artifacts which exist include embossed drugstore style bottles, postcards, etc. that reveal the

Bottles and Extras extent of their operation.

Turn of the century Portland newspapers carried numerous ads for means to get to their facility. The mug carries a detailed rendition of this resort.

The BPOE (Elks) influence in America has been substantial. Doubtless, many cities across the country boast Elk's Clubs today that continue to provide a wealth of community services.

In early America, the Elks were one of the most prominent organizations. This can be evidenced by collectors as many opportunities exist to obtain turn of the

Spring 2003 The spectacular 1905 Lewis & Clark Exposition had just occurred, generating enormous attention for the city (indeed, many would vote it a most successful campaign to attract people to the Northwest and the single most significant event that contributed to Portland's growth).

This event alone spawned a mass array of collectible material, including beer mugs, glasses and tokens. In particular, one of the finer beer glasses from Oregon is the Albany Brewing Co glass advertising their wares during the exposition and

55

Albany Brewery 1884-1906

by Dave Scafani This largest brewery in the Willamette Valley of Oregon was founded in 1884 by William and Paul Faber. The brewery and bottling company was located on the northeast corner of Ninth and Lyon in Albany, Oregon.

With a production of 8,000 barrels a year, distribution using the railroad reached as far as Portland and San Francisco. Twenty-five barrels each week was shipped south to a San Franciso outlet.

As with many late nineteenth century breweries, Albany Brewing had an ice plant to produce ice for lager beer production. Six tons of ice were produced daily. Excess ice was sold.

In 1906, William Faber, now sole owner, sold his brewery to the Salem Brewery Association for a branch outlet.

They closed the site down in 1908.

century postcards, buttons, ceremonial tokens, tags, watch fobs and more.

Two coveted Oregon items (not pictured) are the Weinhard/Elks 1912 watch fob (from a special convention that year) and an elk pottery whiskey flask from the Lotus advertising Rheingold beer in Portland.

Featured are two panels of pictures showing various sides of three Oregon Elks mugs. From the left, we have a Portland Chapter 142. Next is a private firm, Elder's Buffet, which obviously catered to the Elks crowd.

I was fortunate enough to find a photo postcard featuring the interior of this elaborate eatery in Portland bursting at the seams.

featuring the likeness of Lewis and Clark; truly a beautiful glass and sufficiently scarce.

Finally, we have one of Portland's more enterprising liquor merchants, The Rothchild Bros., that created a beer mug for The Dallas Elks Chapter 303. Beer mugs are all quite collectible and frankly, getting hard to find.

Those additional collecting categories, often unceremoniously referred to as "gowith memorabilia" can create lots of additional excitement and opportunities for your collection.

Submitted by C. A. Gilbert, PO Box 2424, Florence, OR 97439.

Dave Scafani is a retired teacher and the author of The Bottles of Jackson County.

He has been a bottle digger and collector since 1968. E-mail: scafanind@cs.com.

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Spring 2003 Minnesota and Missouri enjoy the luxury of collecting numerous examples of beer, whiskey and bitters bottles, collecting this type of bottle presents a definite challenge when trying Part 1 - Druggist Bottles to find examples from Iowa. The Tall Corn State has nothing to compare

By Mike Burggraaf population wise with larger cities such as St. Louis, Chicago Perhaps one of the most interesting and and the Twin Cities. The competition in enjoyable aspects of collecting antique large cities such as those just mentioned bottles is to collect examples from a lent to a much broader range of merchants specific geographic location. For example, that used embossed bottles. The use of some collectors enjoy finding bottles used elaborately embossed bottles, as well as from their home town. Depending on the unusual bottle shapes and colors, created size of the town, a collection could range a large number of interesting and highly from just a few bottles to as many as collectible glass containers for todays several hundred or more. Other collector.

So it stands to reason that in the smaller collectors may concentrate on bottles from a specific county or section of the state. populated areas such as Iowa, the need for But for many, collecting examples from the embossed bottles was in less demand in entire state presents a hefty and proportion to the lower competition level.

Fortunately for collectors of Iowa bottles, rewarding challenge.

When choosing to collect bottles from our predecessors from the 1800's did the entire state, one must decide on what create a certain level of competitive categories to collect and which categories business ingenuity, leaving a smaller but to exclude, if any. Having been born and no less desirable number of embossed raised in Iowa, it just seemed natural to bottles for us to collect today.

As I discuss the various Iowa bottles collect any bottle that could be identified as being used by an Iowa merchant or to collect, I'm going to break it down into manufacturer. I chose not to collect milk general categories by type. I'll begin with bottles or crown top sodas as I preferred drugstore or pharmacy bottles and to accumulate the older examples, continue each issue with a different grouping. preferably those made prior to 1910.

Embossed drug store bottles are While the neighboring states of Illinois,

Bottles and Extras

Collecting Bottles

by State, The Ioway

perhaps the easiest bottles to collect from Iowa just from the standpoint of numbers.

While examples from before 1880 are scarce, there are hundreds of Iowa bottles to collect from this category that date after this time frame. There is one open pontiled example from Iowa dating to the 1850's and a handful of examples from the 1860's and early 1870's. Most of the drug store and pharmacy bottles from Iowa date from the late 1870's to 1910 with a few embossed examples being used as late as 1915.

The druggist's bottles are fun to collect as examples from small towns may represent the only embossed bottle from that town. A bottle from Cooper, Iowa, with a population of 90 people in 1905, may represent the smallest town in Iowa to use an embossed bottle. The embossing simply reads: COOPER DRUG STORE, COOPER, IOWA. Collecting drug store bottles with fancy embossing is another popular aspect in this category as there are a fair number of examples from Iowa embossed with mortar & pestles, fancy monograms and a

Bottles and Extras few with animals. A few examples are shown here with the owl perched on the mortar & pestle, a lion mixing a mortar & pestle, a firing canon, and eagles perched upon the mortar & pestle. There is even a bottle embossed with a cat. This cat was a pet of the druggist and made his permanent home in the drug store.

Perhaps the most popular bottles to collect in the drug store grouping are the colored examples from Iowa. We are fortunate to have Iowa druggists bottles available in cobalt blue, teal blue, teal green, emerald green and various shades of amber. The older examples from the 1880's tend to be the cobalt blue and teal green examples while bottles from the 1890's are generally the emerald green and light teal blue. Amber drug store bottles seem to span both decades with the earlier examples ranging in color from a light yellow amber to a dark amber. While aqua may not be considered a color, it is a seldom seen coloration when dealing with Iowa drug store bottles. The aqua bottles seem to be fairly scarce as they simply do not turn up that often.

Another plus with the colored

Spring 2003

pharmacy bottles is that many of them seem to have figural embossing to further enhance their collectibility. Examples in the colored grouping pictured are embossed with a horseshoe, a quill pen, a crown, eagles, mortar & pestles, and a boat.

Assembling a collection of colored Iowa drug store bottles will test ones patience but with time and some good luck, a fair number of these colored gems can be found.

As with most specific areas of collecting bottles, there are numerous go-withs for the collector of drug store bottles. Trade cards, calendars, trade tokens and other forms of advertising were frequently used by druggists to promote

57 their business.

Perhaps the most popular go-with are embossed or etched dose glasses. These small glasses are usually heavily embossed and a very few have figural embossing.

I will describe three of the more difficult dose glasses from Iowa to obtain.

The first example is from Centerville, Iowa and has the embossed cross.

Another example is a slightly larger style and is embossed PHELPS & SHORE, WHO'S YOUR PILL ROLLER?, ELDON, IOWA. This small town dose glass is also embossed with a mortar & pestle. One unusual dose glass from Iowa is attributed to druggist Aldelbert Reipe of Davenport, Iowa and is embossed TRY REIPE'S / MAPLE / COUGH CURE / CAN'T BE BEAT, which makes this glass a nice go-with for the cure bottle collector as well.

As always, pursue your collecting interests with items you like and can afford, and remember to keep the fun in collecting!

Mike Burggraaf can be reached at qrsglass@lisco.com.

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Bottles and Extras

Fig.3: Artist’s sketch of the

Evansville Glass Company

main factory building (The Courier, January 6, 1906).

1903 - 1908

by Marg Iwen Why Not Evansville?

Among the Indiana glass companies that produced tableware and utility ware around the turn of the century, the Evansville Glass Company (EGC) located in the “pocket” of southwest Indiana may be the least well known.

From the EGC, the city’s first of five early glass factories, would come bottles as well as tableware. Founded by local businessmen, it differed from other 19th and 20th Century glass factories whose originators blew into a town, then left as abruptly when profit dwindled.

Evansville at the turn of the century held promise, enjoying a strong, growing economy. The boomtown atmosphere had the movers and shakers clamoring for still more industry in a city already smoke-filled

and sooty.

Always an outlier among the tableware factories, today its wares lack the distinction accorded to those made by gas belt companies such as Indiana Tumbler and Goblet, Greentown; Model Flint Glass Company, Albany; and Indiana Glass, Dunkirk. Only modestly successful, and later eroded by complex legal wrangling for nearly half its existence, the EGC foundered -- and fell.

Nevertheless, it turned out at minimum one attributable tableware pattern, as well as varied lines of wares mentioned in trade papers of the time. During its four-year life span, an eminent glass chemist and a prodigious designer appeared on its payroll.

Although information on this company

[Fig. 1] Certificate for 100 shares of capital stock signed by treasurer Edward A. Rasch and president A. M. Weil (Indiana Stock Certificate Collection, Manuscript Collection M726BX4F4, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis. Reprinted with permission.)

is patchy, and often disparate, the following historical review summarizes gleanings, with the hope that further research will fill in the gaps.

City Ripe for Industry During the summer of 1903, factories manufacturing a variety of goods were being raised in industrial Evansville. The EGC, incorporated in May 1903, in Indianapolis, was capitalized at $200,000, with stock selling at $50 a share [Fig. 1].

The first slate of officers included: Aaron M. Weil, president, responsible for originating this company and several others in Evansville; Dr. A. D. Booth, vicepresident (the 1904 Evansville City Directory listed Fred W. Reitz as vicepresident in 1903); M. L. Mayer, Shawneetown, Illinois, a major stockholder, secretary; Captain S. P. Gillett, treasurer of the Evansville Ice & Storage Co., treasurer; William F. Williams, general manager, who in 1906 organized the Williams Glass Company; and William Barris, formerly of Pittsburgh, assistant general manager (China, Glass and Lamps, [CGL], August 8, 1903). Dr. Booth and Mr. Williams previously had been connected with the Noblesville (Indiana) Bottle Company.

The EGC, a late comer into the tableware industry, sprang up on the east side of Evansville, about a mile and a half distant from the hairpin bend in the Ohio River which greatly enlarged the city’s river front.

Despite a sluggish market and waning interest in glass tableware after 1900, the Evansville venture promised profits, possessing the major ingredients necessary to make glass--cheap fuel, river and rail transportation, glass sand deposits, and dependable workers. Potash, a necessary ingredient in the batch, could be obtained locally from any of the woodburning industries.

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[Fig. 2] Early map showing seven rail lines running between Evansville and major metro areas, as well as the course of the Ohio River through the city and beyond (Book of Evansville, Special Collections, Willard Library, Evansville, Indiana. Reprinted with permission.)

It’s About the Coal Lacking a source of natural gas, the EGC depended on Indiana bituminous coal to make producer gas (a combination of several gases) necessary to run both its pot and tank furnaces. Coal mines pervaded the extensive wedge-shaped deposit underlying the area beginning halfway between Louisville, Kentucky, and Evansville, and extending northward from the Indiana-Illinois border west of Lafayette.

Coal fueled factories, powered locomotives, and heated homes. Two veins of soft coal lay under the city. To say that Evansville was riddled with coal mines may be an overstatement, but 10 shafts were located in or near the city limits; within a radius of 30 miles, 60 shafts had been sunk.

Mines near the factory included Hill #1, Hill #2, the Sunnyside Mine at Maryland and 12th Avenue, and the Diamond Coal Mine. Other mines in Boonville and Newburgh also may have supplied coal, as well as the more northern coal deposits around Bicknell, Dugger, Terre Haute, and Brazil, and mines to the south around Sebree, Kentucky.

Coal and trains had become mutually dependent. Rail lines, with Evansville as a hub, fanned out across the landscape.

Seven railroads entered the city [Fig. 2].

Some lines lived on the traffic to and from the glass factories, carrying only coal, which cost from fifty cents to one dollar per ton, or four cents by the bushel. Other lines called “miners’ trains” transported workers to and from the southwest Indiana coal mines.

The railroads that served Evansville

offered favorable freight rates.

Manufacturers in several glass belt towns alleged that coal carrying roads charged them higher rates, increasing the cost of their products and allowing plants located elsewhere to produce, and sell, their products more cheaply (CGL, May 21, 1904).

The Southern Railway, the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad (E. & T. H.), now CSX Transportation Company, and the Ohio River, when navigable, largely moved the coal, sand, and other raw materials to the factory and the finished glass to market.

Initially, sand may have been shipped from the Loogootee Glass Sand Company, Loogootee, located about 70 miles by rail to the northeast, or the Acme Glass Sand

59 Company near Rosedale farther to the north. The sand from both of these companies averaged 96 to 99 per cent silica, with under one per cent iron, the mineral responsible for the greenish cast in otherwise clear glass. Later, a source of sand closer to home supplied the EGC. The secretary of the Evansville Business Men’s Association, Judge W. J. Wood, traveled to a newly discovered deposit located near Marion, Kentucky, and arranged to have sand shipped to the factory, about 48 miles by rail (CGL, July 23, 1904). Perhaps the factory also tapped a source closer to home. “Fine silica sand is found in abundance along the Ohio River near the city . . .,” reported CGL, January 27, 1906.

By 1900, Evansville’s booming economy had sent its population soaring to 59,100, making it the second largest city in Indiana.

However, few seasoned glass workers could be recruited from the otherwise large and reliable labor pool. To accommodate the experienced glassworkers and their families moving to Evansville in the midst of a critical housing shortage, President Weil appealed for information on houses to rent or buy.

A Grand Factory, Residents Say Construction began in June 1903 on a triangular plot of ground with Canal Street as the hypotenuse; East Franklin Street formed the EGC’s northern boundary, and Kentucky Avenue bounded it on the west.

Company buildings covered nearly eight acres.

At about the same time the EGC was being built, the Greentown, Indiana, factory (wood construction) succumbed to a suspicious, disastrous fire. While the cause of that fire remains uncertain, a live spark

[Fig. 4] Ad for the Fernette tableware covered butter (China, Glass and Lamps, January 6, 1906).

60 Spring 2003 Bottles and Extras Renowned Glass from a Toledo, St. Louis, Chemist Arrives and Western Railroad - and Departs Company locomotive Jacob Rosenthal, may have set off the who formulated blaze.

Chocolate glass and The EGC’s builders Holly Amber used either wood from (originally Golden the area’s unlimited Agate) at Greentown hardwood supply or and put out of work brick from any of 14 local when that factory brickyards.

On burned, accepted a job November 14, 1903, CGL soon after with the EGC stated that “the works is where he assisted with composed of two-story factory construction brick buildings.” and later became the The Courier, general manager. He September 9, 1903, lived at 113 Powell described their Avenue while in construction differently: Evansville.

“The main buildings are During his lifetime, constructed of wood in Rosenthal worked at order that during the [Fig 5] Ad for the Fernette tableware covered sugar with reference no less than a dozen warm weather they may to the 1905-1906 catalog (China, Glass & Lamps, December 30, 1905). glass factories. be opened up and as Frank “Baldy” much air as possible admitted for the comfort of the blowers.”

Although planners designed the plant Jackson, the foreman of the mold room and Sanborn Maps show the buildings to so that the tableware department coexisted designer at Greentown responsible for most be of iron-clad wood frame construction. A with the bottle department, each branch of the later Chocolate glass patterns, joined siding of the Southern Railway neatly hired its own manager. William Barris, the Rosenthal at the EGC. (Jackson registered bisected the factory grounds, enabling coal assistant plant manager and highly no design patents for the period 1903 to carrying cars to unload directly at the gas respected glass man formerly with the 1908.)

Under Rosenthal’s management, the producer house.

National Glass Company, Greentown, When in full operation the capacity of oversaw the tableware branch. He became first tableware, both pressed and blown, the plant was projected to be between the general manager in January 1905. Park was made in February 1904 in crystal and $800,000 to one million dollars worth of McGee and Joseph Engomar managed the colors (CGL, February 13, 1904). After Jacob Rosenthal died in 1933, J. Stanley Brothers, goods per year. Forty percent of the output bottle branch (CGL, June 4, 1904). had been contracted before production At various times, 300 to 600 people Jr. corresponded with Mrs. Susan began. worked at the EGC; of that number, between Rosenthal who remembered that EGC made The ECG’s glass tanks, the largest in 25 and 50 were women. Some of the workers both light green opaque and light blue use at that time, held 160 tons of molten received from $9.00 to $12.00 a day, opaque tableware and novelties.

About two months after the first glass. The original plans had called for two considered to be good wages at that time successful run of tableware, in April 1904, separate companies, each making different (The Courier, August 6, 1903). wares, to be located in different parts of Unionized from its inception to its Rosenthal resigned as factory manager and the city. However, after further demise, the EGC’s local affiliation with a accepted the general manager’s job with investigation planners found that national labor organization such as the the Crystal Glass Company, Bridgeport, consolidation saved $10,000 to $15,000 per American Flint Glass Workers Union Ohio. Theodore Creighton, night shift year when, for example, the common power (AFGWU) or the National Association of manager, took over his position.

Before Rosenthal resigned, CGL, March plant and the common gas producer plant, Manufacturers of Pressed and Blown built between the tableware and bottle Glassware has not been discovered 27, 1904, printed his brief commentary on departments, could be shared (The Courier, (Annual Report of the Dept. of Inspection, experiences at EGC: “At first, with ‘green’ September 20, 1903).

1904). Trade papers said only “union” or help and everything new, it was quite a task to get matters in shape and moving Dimensions of the various plant “glassworker’s union.” buildings, as reported by The Courier, Tableware was produced from both pot properly.” (Could a more candid comment September 20, 1903, include: main building glass and tank glass, the metal being melted really be expected from a gentleman of the bottle department, two story, 108 feet x 148 in either the 12-pot furnace or the 8-ring old school?)

Researchers continue to speculate feet; warehouse for same, 196 feet x 84 feet; continuous tank furnace. The bottle main building tableware, two story, 196 feet department included one 12-ring flint (clear) about Rosenthal’s departure after only nine x 84 feet; warehouse for same, 112 feet x glass tank furnace and one 8-ring amber months to one year with the EGC. 100 feet; batch house, 55 feet x 72 feet; mold glass tank furnace. Before the first fire was Possibilities include: the tableware shop, 96 feet x 50 feet; mold storage, two- set in the larger of the two bottle factory department became the poor relative of the story, 22 feet x 30 feet; gas producer house, tanks on September 19, 1903, the managers bottle department; production of colored 40 feet x 96 feet; boiler and engine house, invited Evansville residents to tour that glass decreased; improved benefits and 40 feet x 80 feet; box shop, two story, 64 department; the tableware branch was not conditions existed elsewhere; or Rosenthal feet x 96 feet; office, two story, 40 feet x 60 yet operating (The Courier, September 20, simply yearned to return to the upper Ohio Valley. feet [Fig. 3].

1903).

Bottles and Extras In 1906, Rosenthal began working at the Fenton Art Glass Company, Williamstown, West Virginia, to manage construction. He remained at Fenton as factory manager until his retirement in 1929.

Spring 2003 making preparation for the installation of fruit jar machines on one of their tanks in the press department and it is expected they will have them in operation by the middle of next month (October 1904).

Roller (1994) included “proprietary and packers ware” along with general tableware and flint beers. The EGC may have made jars for other companies, but never marked them--or the CGL reporter erred.

61 and booking orders steadily. Capital stock was increased from $300,000 to $450,000 (CGJ, August 24, 1905).

By October 1905, a favorable report in CGL, October 28, stated “Evansville glass works . . . is now very busy in both departments and is said to be making a The EGC Running Smoothly great deal of money for its stockholders.”

The June 4, 1904, CGL disclosed that At year’s end, 24 shops were still working “A large force is employed in the mold shop full time, and with orders ahead for several and many new designs are being shaped months into 1906, the company’s financial for the coming season . . . each part of the outlook seemed solid.

EGC Displays Its Wares different molds is made under the direction Boggs debuted the “Fernette” (factory At the January 1905 pottery and of Fred Stewart” (who received a patent glassware exhibition in Pittsburgh, Andrew name) line during the annual Pittsburgh for a non-refillable bottle in 1906).

Ferdinand Vitte, a well-known Pittsburgh W. Boggs, the western road man, managed exhibit held at the Monongahela House mold maker, visited the factory and the first ever EGC display in Parlor A of the hotel in January 1906. This pot glass line observed “ . . . the factory is arranged in a Monongahela House hotel. (Boggs missed with a fern design imitating a cut glass manner which reflects great credit on the the 1904 exhibition because his samples design received high praise from Glass and Pottery World, May 1906 (Vol. 14, No. 5). management, every detail having been weren’t ready.)

“Among the newcomers, tableware lines “The Evansville company showed 12 full given attention.”

About the same time, a new 12-ring lines of tableware and who can beat that? that have reached market this year, none continuous tank to make tableware was All are in plain crystal and some are in pot have been received with greater warmth installed as well as a new 15-ring metal and some are in tank metal. One line than the fern-leaf pattern. . . . It exploits an idea in design that is refreshingly dissimilar with a ‘grape design’ is quite pretty.” continuous tank for bottles.

The “Puritan” line in pot metal and a to the host of other cut and colonial patterns The June 11, 1904, CGL reprinted an interview with a tour group member that plain line in tank glass were also shown that have been presented.” (Figures 4, 5, 6, previously had appeared in “a recent (CGL, January 14, 1905). The January 12, and 7).

The leading retailer of glass and china issue” of The Courier: “The visitors 1905, CGJ reported that the EGC showed looked in wonderment at the melted glass “eight or nine new lines of tableware, a line tableware in Evansville, Jacob poured into molds from which it came out of common lamps, and a good line of Lunkenheimer, part owner of Blackman & Lunkenheimer, and (as) goblets, cups, glasses, butter and fruit novelties.”

During the summer of 1905, the EGC enthusiastic about the Fernette line dishes, bread and cake plates, pitchers, vases, candlesticks . . . as well as a great added a cutting shop. By November 1905, reportedly opined that he “. . . would not variety of fancy goods in cool greens, the company was in full production with be surprised to see it prove as successful blues, chocolates, whites, yellows, etc., that 24 shops making an assortment of jellies, as the ‘Colonial’ line produced by the are both useful and ornamental. Those who tumblers, lamps, lantern globes, fish jars, Heisey Company of Newark, O.. .” (CGL, wonder that the glittering object can be molasses cans, medicine bottles, and salts January 27, 1906).

K. A. Rock, EGC’s southern road man, made to look so much like cut glass that in addition to the tableware (CGL, May 13, sold 2,000 barrels of Fernette in a few days only an expert could tell the difference 1905).

Weekly updates in CGL and CGJ assured (CGL, January 27, 1906). W. B. Weddle, 25 without noting the weight would cease to be surprised should they see the care and members of the trade that the rapidly W. Broadway, New York, included Fernette expanding factory was running smoothly in his offerings along with bar goods and skill used in the manufacture.” other company wares The visitor continued: (CGJ, January 4, 1906).

“Though the building

By March, the EGC seems spacious began producing accommodating as it opalescent (color not does 300 workmen, the specified), crystal, blue, company will begin work and green vases, along on the new building with crystal, blue, and which will enlarge the green nappies. “This plant two times its line contains a host of original size.” goods excellently The factory output adapted for the averaged two rail cars per department store and day. By August 1904, the five and ten cent capital stock had been trade,“ wrote CGJ, increased from $200,000 March 15, 1906. to $300,000 (Crockery At the company’s and Glass Journal annual meeting held in [CGJ], August 4, 1904).

January 1906, Aaron M. In September, 36 Weil and Fred W. Reitz press shops were returned as president working. The September [Fig. 6] Ad for the 9-inch shallow bowl (true open compote), and vice-president, 24, 1904, CGL reported, China, Glass & Lamps, April 20, 1906. respectively; Edward A. “The company are

62 Rasch became secretary-treasurer. In addition to Weil, Reitz, and Rasch, the board of directors elected in 1906 included: William Barris, Alexander Hutchinson, A. J. Milligan, Gilbert Walker, Frank Zipp, and John C. Zutt (CGJ, February 1, 1906).

Although the composition of the board of directors changed slightly from time to time, most of the members were Evansville men deeply entrenched in the community.

Aaron M. Weil and his brother, Jesse C. (sometimes spelled Jessie), sold insurance, acting as general agents for New England Life Insurance Company and Union Savings Company. At the same time, Aaron Weil was president of the National Pottery Company. In 1889, he served the city as alderman from the Third Ward. He belonged to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, formed to unite all classes who worked in the mechanical arts.

Fred W. Reitz (Clemens Reitz Sons Company) ran a saw mill with his father and brothers and dealt in hardwood lumber, as well as assuming the presidency of the Crescent Furniture Company. Edward A. Rasch was the Vanderburgh County Recorder from 1906-11, with an office in the court house. He later became a realtor and lived to celebrate his 100th birthday.

Alexander Hutchinson, also in the insurance business, managed the district office of the Mutual Life Insurance Company. Gilbert Walker, a native of Scotland, served as the founder and president of Fowler, Dick & Walker, a prominent dry goods and women’s apparel firm. Frank Zipp was the president of the Southern Sweat Pad Company (made sweat pads for horses), and John C. Zutt carried out the duties of secretary of the Evansville Mirror and Beveling Company, and became a director of Bockstege Furniture Company.

President Weil reported an unusually prosperous 1906 with the factory running at full capacity and orders stacking up. The plant had been closed during the week of Christmas 1905, but had received a special dispensation from the “glassworkers’ union” which permitted the men to work on New Year’s Day readying the factory for the next-day tour by the Evansville Business Association (CGL, January 6, 1906).

In early March, the Evansville City Council granted permission to the E. & T. H. to run a switch into the plant. Previously only the Southern Railway served the plant, and it had turned a deaf ear to company requests for better service, refusing to put in another switch.

The E. and T. H. bought a strip of ground near the factory and began to build.

When Southern discovered its competitor’s enterprise, it rushed to begin its additional

Spring 2003 switch. However, reports CGL, March 3, 1906, “An injunction against Southern was gotten in the courts . . . by the glass co., restraining it from laying the switch and that same night a large force of workmen of the E. & T. H. went to work during the night and put in the switch, by this coup winning the fight and settling the matter.”

Excerpts from CGL, April 28, 1906, indicate a rapidly growing company, contented workers, and few if any labor problems: “Good wages are paid in all departments and the employees are a prosperous lot.”

William Barris was praised for business exceeding expectations and replied “. . . we have all the orders we can handle for some time, and indications are that the present season will be by far the busiest one ever.”

Problems Presage Plant’s Future Accidents crippled the factory somewhat during 1906. In May, fire completely destroyed both houses of the bottle department and all the machinery, resulting in $110,000 worth of damage, but insurance covered the loss fully.

“The tableware department . . . was saved by excellent work on the part of the fire department, although at one time it looked as if nothing could save any part of the plant from total destruction. The tableware factory caught fire several times, but the flames were speedily extinguished . . . with only slight damage to the exterior” (CGL, May 5, 1906).

During June 1906, the Southern Railway sued the EGC, alleging that loaded rail cars had been held overtime in the EGC yards.

The company responded saying that the Southern Railway had not provided proper service which resulted in costly delays. The jury found in favor of the railroad, awarding them $150 of the $300 requested (CGL, June 2, 1906).

The plant always observed the summer stop, closing from June 30 until August 6.

The heavy load of advance orders for Fernette tableware went unfilled before the Summer 1906 shutdown, but Barris explained, “We are not grumbling about this, for we would rather close the season with a basket full of orders than with none” (CGL, June 23, 1906).

Some time during that shutdown, presumably near the end of July 1906, General Manager Barris resigned. (During 1908, he became the vice-president of the American Pressed Glass Company, Staunton, Illinois, making pressed and blown crystal and opalescent tableware.)

Edward A. Rasch assumed Barris’ duties while continuing as company treasurer.

President Weil considered not hiring a new general manager to replace Barris if orders

Bottles and Extras continued to flow in. Forty press shops were turning out a variety of goods. Also in July, the directors decided to rebuild the bottle plant, and awarded the contract to George A. Brakeman, Anderson, Indiana, the plant’s original contractor (CGL, July 28, 1906).

Later that fall, a gas main supplying the pot furnace in the tableware department became clogged, resulting in considerable damage, including broken clay pots. While the repairs cost over $2,000, the idle factory itself meant lost revenue. Employees affected by the mishap went to work elsewhere in the plant, leaving none unemployed (CGL, November 27, 1906).

Both the tableware and newly rebuilt bottle operation had reopened by January 1907 (CGL, January 26, 1907).

The southern route man, K. A. Rock, resigned January 1, 1907, to sell for the Monongah Glass Company, Fairmont, West Virginia, a company that made highend tank glass, and a lot of it.

Trouble in “River City” The EGC’s minor skirmish with the Southern Railway over retained freight cars could not begin to compare with the multifarious litigation and newspaper notoriety that began in April 1907, continued throughout that year, and dragged on into 1909.

On April 17, 1907, the EGC declared bankruptcy and shut down, in spite of previously reported financial soundness.

The receiver for the ECG, Percy C. Hopkins, was ordered by the court to continue business until all prior orders were filled or the raw material to fill them was exhausted.

The May 11, 1907, CGL hinted that a law suit filed by Weil and other minority stockholders against some directors would charge them with conspiring to freeze out small investors and ask for damages.

In early October, intimations became reality when 26 stockholders representing $130,000 of $367,000 capital stock pressed charges in circuit court citing fraud, conspiracy, and illegal proceedings by certain directors.

The suit named seven company directors: Alexander Hutchinson, Leonard C. Bomm (owner, L. C. Bomm Drug Company), Edward A. Rasch, Fred W. Reitz, Gilbert Walker, Frank Zipp, and John C. Zutt.

The warring directors were divided into two factions, one led by President Weil who maintained the company could operate profitably; Alexander Hutchinson led the other faction, arguing that the company was operating at a loss.

In his charges against the Hutchinson faction, Weil said that the decision to

Bottles and Extras Spring 2003 63 bankruptcy” (CGL, declare bankruptcy August 27, 1908). was illegal, brought The directors that before the court Weil named filed a without his knowledge counterclaim against or consent. He referred the company seeking to the company to recover $106,691 bylaws which stated they asserted they had that the president must previously proffered be in attendance at all to keep the concern meetings, and the running. In their suit secretary must notify they named as all members of the defendants Aaron M. board regarding Weil, Aaron’s brother upcoming meetings by Herman Weil letter. (associated with President Weil Miller Brothers dry claimed he received no goods store), Edward written notice of the A. Rasch, William meeting, and therefore Barris, Tessie F. was not present when Lowenthal, Louisa M. the bankruptcy action Britz, Harry Woods, was taken, making the Otto C. Hauserman, decision to close the [Fig. 7] Ad for half-gallon water pitcher, with reference to a price list and and Charles W. Kiltz plant an illegal act. illustrations (China, Glass and Lamps, May 26, 1906).

(CGJ, June 6, 1907).

Weil estimated the Reporting on the company to be worth $700,000--a sum fully twice as large as the financial aid in proportion to their holdings. outcome of the stockholders’ suit, CGL, liabilities, of which $150,000 was in long These appeals have been practically October 12, 1907, wrote “The proceeding term bonds that would not mature for unheaded and whenever money was was brief. Federal Court Judge Anderson required the solvent men on this board, ruling against the plaintiffs and stating several years.

“The trouble,” he said, “is lack of together with certain stockholders, were plainly that he did not believe their sufficient working capital; $25,000 would required to put their names to obligations, contention could be proved. He said also have put the company on a good working and in this behalf it is unnecessary to say that the entire contention amounted to basis” (CGJ, April 25, 1907). Reported they were not benefitted or assisted by . . . nothing more than a quibble and that a amounts of assets and liabilities vary those who were . . . financially decision for the plaintiffs would profit them nothing in the end” (CGL, October 12, 1907). according to the sources examined; CGJ irresponsible.”

The directors further defended their The plaintiffs withdrew the suit; the June 6, 1907, listed company assets at position saying, “We were confronted with disposition of the counterclaim was not $341,907 and liabilities at $403,727.

Weil explained that the company had the utter insolvency of the company, reported.

In November 1907, 40 stockholders, spent large sums of money while building creditors (who) demanded immediate and expanding the plant; heavy borrowing settlement, (there was) no money with supported by the Evansville Business did not allow the company to show a profit which to continue operations, and that Men’s Association, met to discuss or pay stockholders dividends early on. upon us . . . rested the burden of raising reorganization. They believed the defunct But, he added, by January 1, 1907, the the necessary funds by pledging our glass works could be reopened. However, only $10,300 of the $150,000 to $200,000 company had satisfied its debts and was individual credit.”

Signed by Hutchinson, Rasch, Reitz, needed to operate the EGC had been raised, operating on a paying basis.

Contractor Brakeman supported Weil, Zipp, and Zutt (The Courier, May 5, 1907). not nearly enough to reopen (CGL, testifying in court that the plant could not Four other directors, Weil, James E. November 2, 1907).

Outside capital from Indianapolis be built for the $475,000 it had originally Cunning of Indianapolis (who submitted a cost, and that the value of the buildings far reorganization plan), Bomm, and Walker did investors failed to arrive in time, effectively killing James E. Cunning’s outweighed the liabilities of the company. not sign the document.

Evidence put forth by Weil revealed that reorganization plan. The court granted In a written reply, the Hutchinson faction countered, saying they were “. . . Hutchinson had been put in charge of receiver Percy C. Hopkins authority to sell victims of circumstances with a hopelessly commodities valued at $150,000 and the bankrupt company (CGJ, February 20, insolvent company on their hands.” They accounts due amounting to $45,000. He was 1908).

Consequently, the factory buildings, continued, “. . .we have been struggling responsible for liquidating these for the past year with the indebtedness of commodities, thereby freeing up about raw materials, machinery and the company and a constantly increasing $100,000 which would have run the plant appurtenances, and residual glassware loss. We had nothing to continue the through the June 30 fire, or until the summer inventory sold for $127, 575 at public business except our individual credit stop began. Hutchinson, Weil charged, auction on March 10, 1908, far below the already strained beyond the limit to which failed to convert the goods into money, and appraised value (which ranged from prudent businessmen . . . should have with the approval of several other directors, $200,000 to $700,00).

Five directors of the EGC, Hutchinson, gone. Time and time again we have failed to pay bills and buy supplies, “. . . all appealed to the stockholders--those who with fraudulent intent and purpose to Reitz, Walker, Zipp, and Zutt, bought the are now objecting to the steps taken--for destroy company credit, forcing it into entire plant. The sale amount lacked $21,425

64 of paying first mortgage holders; the second mortgage holders and stockholders got nothing (CGJ, March 19, 1908).

One year later, in April 1909, President Weil and stockholders renewed charges against the five directors led by Alexander Hutchinson, charging them with conspiracy to defraud. The suit also charged that when these five men became directors, the EGC was solvent; it had successfully passed through the experimental stage, and could have paid off its debts and been operated in the black.

Further, these five directors out of a total of nine represented a majority, exercised absolute control, and had managed the company in such a way as to destroy EGC’s credit, rendering stock worthless, and forcing the factory to be sold as a bankrupt concern.

Weil and stockholders alleged the five directors intended to buy the EGC cheaply, at least $200,000 under its value, then reorganize it for themselves. The five directors replied they were simply protecting their investments.

The second-time plaintiffs included President Aaron M. Weil (b.1859, d.1929), Jesse C. Weil, Herman Weil, Bettie McBridwell, Henry W. Seim, Annie K. Seim, Charles W. Kiltz, Tessie Lowenthal, Florence F. Goldsmith, Charles H. Bredekamp, all stockholders, and a creditor, the Sebree (Kentucky) Coal and Mining Company. The resolution of the second suit by Weil and others is not known.

What caused the EGC to go belly up in such a short time? Although the following interpretations are purely conjectural, it appears that no single factor, but several in unison, may have toppled this company.

Economic factors, such as the slight downturn in 1903-04 and the panic of 1907, merit consideration.

Several other glass companies met their demise about the same time as the EGC. Still, some companies sprang up during this period. Many of them flourished for decades, including the Imperial Glass Company, Bellaire, Ohio, 1901-1985; McKee Glass Company, Jeannette, Pennsylvania, 1903-1951; Fenton Art Glass Company, Williamstown, West Virginia, 1905-present; Indiana Glass, Dunkirk, Indiana, 1904November 26, 2002; and Federal Glass Company, Columbus, Ohio, (made bottles and jars during the first few years), 19001980.

Trade papers described rapid expansion at the EGC, not only building enlargement, but machinery upgrades as well, both of which commanded large outlays of capital.

The varied lines made by this company called for a storehouse full of molds that required constant emending as lines were

Spring 2003 expanded, representing a major investment.

The human element, as well as monetary issues, may have figured into the fateful equation. The obvious friction between Weil and Hutchinson may have arisen initially from competition in the insurance business. These two men may have nurtured different visions for the company; management styles also may have been dissimilar.

Weil, as president and originator of the company, may have felt a loyalty and responsibility that other officers did not experience.

Lastly, did the trade papers of the time paint too rosy a picture of conditions, when in reality the company was less healthy than portrayed?

New Tenants Fill Old EGC Buildings Despite legal action pending against them, the purchasers (five former directors) received a charter to reopen the EGC plant as the Citizens Glass Company (CGC).

Pottery and Glass, September 1908 (Vol. 1. No 3) announced that the CGC would begin operating in September, employing 200 workers, with Fred W. Reitz, president, Frank Zipp, vice-president, and John C. Zutt, secretary-treasurer. The CGC probably made little, if any, glassware.

By 1910-11, the CGC (John Zutt, secretary-treasurer), had disappeared from the Glass Factory Directories. One final notation on the moribund CGC factory-“Plant idle” (Roller, 1994). (In 1924, John Zutt became the manager of the Central Glass Company, Evansville, a mirror and glass works.)

The old EGC buildings did not remain idle for long. In 1913, they were taken over by the Graham Glass Company headed by three Graham brothers -- Joseph B., Robert C., and Ray A.-- who since 1906 had been involved with a Loogootee, Indiana, plant making blown bottles.

Joseph Graham successfully eliminated the weak point between the shoulder and neck of mechanically blown bottles by blowing them upside down, causing glass to flow toward the weak point.

Appropriately the company logo on 1914 letterhead shows an upside down bottle superimposed over a capital “G.” In Evansville, Graham Glass under Joseph’s presidency, made beverage bottles including Coca-Cola’s “Gibson Girl” (Hobbleskirt) bottle.

In 1927, under president J. M. Lents, a new steel and concrete factory was erected to replace the old wood frame bottle factory.

By 1929, this factory had been taken over by the Owens-Illinois Glass Company, named Factory No. 11, last appearing in

Bottles and Extras the 1939 Glass Factory Directory. The Triple A Catsup Company was among several companies that later occupied the buildings.

The Graham brothers founded the Graham Brothers Truck Company in 1919, and built a plant in Evansville to make a complete line of trucks, school buses, and the Graham-Paige automobile.

The EGC’s Wares Await Attribution Until a copy of the 1905-06 EGC catalog, or additional print collateral is found, the patterns named in trade journals--the grape line, Puritan line, and the Evansville line can’t be identified.

Made in 1904, these lines preceded the Fernette line. Were they made in colors?

Was the company’s definition of a novelty a unique piece added to an already existing line, or was it considered a separate form such as a vase or salt?

The Fernette line made in 1905 in clear only includes a covered butter, covered sugar, nine-inch shallow bowl (true open compote), toothpick, and half-gallon water pitcher (jug). Most likely a creamer and spooner completed the table set; water tumblers may have been produced as well.

Bredehoft et al.,(1999) report that the Fernette toothpick was also made by the Canton Glass Company, Marion, Indiana, about 1920, the second Canton Glass Company to operate in Marion. Heacock (1981) shows the Fernette compote as also being made by Canton No. 2 in 1922, but with a square bowl. After the demise of the EGC, and later the CGC, molds were dispersed among other factories.

What wares were produced in Chocolate glass and other opaque colors?

According to Jacob Rosenthal, in September 1932 correspondence with Dr. Otis Nesbit, a Chocolate glass collector from Gary, Indiana, “I made it in Evansville in 1904, but it was not a popular color and in commercial demand after 1903. For two and one-half years it sold big” (Measell, 1982).

In the information Susan Rosenthal sent to J. Stanley Brothers, Jr. in 1933, following Jacob’s death, she did not remember that he made Chocolate glass in Evansville.

Acknowledgments I am indebted to the following for assistance in preparing this review: Dennis M. Au, Historic Preservation Officer, Department of Metropolitan Development, Evansville, IN; Gail Bardhan, Reference Librarian, The Juliet and Leonard Rakow Library, Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY; Ellen Burke, Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison; Tom Caniff, Steubenville, OH; Suzanne Crowe, Reference Librarian, Indiana Historical

Bottles and Extras Society, Indianapolis: Louis E. Ebert, Marion, IN; Tom Felt, Alexandria, VA; Ailesia Franklin, Director, Dunkirk (IN) Public Library; Interloan Staff, Madison (WI) Public Library; Teresa Loeffler, Vanderburgh Library, Evansville, IN; Tom Lonnberg, Curator of History, Museum of Arts, History and Science, Evansville, IN; Lyn Martin, Special Collections Librarian, Willard Library, Evansville, IN; Glenn McMullen, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis; Carol Money, Special Collections, Willard Library, Evansville, IN; Eric L. Mundell, Reference Services, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis; Phil Randall, Princeton, IN: Amy Reed, Special Collections, Willard Library, Evansville, IN; Patricia Sides, Willard Library, Evansville, IN; and John B. Straw, Archivist, Ball State University, Muncie, IN. References Annual Report of the Department of Inspection, State of Indiana. 1904. 1906.

1908.

Book of Evansville. 1978. Friends of the Willard Library, Unigraphic, Inc., Evansville, IN. Bredehoft, Neila and Tom and Bob and Jo Sanford. 1999. Glass Toothpick Holders.

Collector Books, Paducah, KY. China, Glass and Lamps. Various issues, 1903-1909. 528 Bissel Block, Pittsburgh, PA. City Directory, Evansville, IN. 1899, 1904, 1906, 1910. Bennet & Co., 45 Washington Ave., Evansville, IN. Crockery & Glass Journal. Various issues, 1903-1909. New York, NY. Glass Review. March 1983 (vol. 13, No. 2).

B. Shaeffer, Marietta, OH. Glass Trade Directory. 1904-1907.

Commoner Publishing Co., Pittsburgh, PA. Heacock, William. 1981. Old Pattern Glass According to Heacock.

Antique Publications, Marietta, OH. Husfloen, Kyle, 1992. Collector’s Guide to American Pressed Glass 1825-1915.

Wallace-Homestead Book Co., Radnor, PA. Measell, James S. 1976. “Glass Was His Life: The Story of Jacob Rosenthal.”

National Greentown Glass Association, Greentown, IN.

Spring 2003 Measell, James S., ed. 1982. Jacob Rosenthal’s Correspondence. National Greentown Glass Association, Greentown, IN. Mellon, Steve. 1995. Evansville Then and Now. Scripps-Howard Publishing Co., Evansville, IN. Roller, Dick. 1994. Indiana Glass Factory Notes. Acorn Press, Paris, IL. Sanborn Map Company. 1910 and 1910 with 1927 revisions. Broadway, New York, NY. Simons, Richard and Francis H. Parker.

1997. Railroads of Indiana. University of Indiana, Bloomington.

Welker, John and Elizabeth. 1985. Pressed Glass in America. Antique Acres Press, Ivyland, PA.

Trade Journal Reports of Wares Made by the Evansville Glass Co.: Tableware • “grape line” • Puritan line

• Evansville line • Fernette line

Miscellaneous • berry bowls • liquors • bread plates • medicine bottles • butter dishes • milk jars • cake plates • molasses cans • candle sticks • nappies • cups • novelties • fish jars • packers goods • flint beers • pitchers (jugs) • fruit jars • proprietary ware • goblets • queen custards • jelly glasses • salts • lamps • tumblers • lantern globes • vases

About the Author: Marg Iwen began collecting Early American Pattern Glass (EAPG) after bidding successfully on an unknown glass plate at a country auction in 1969. Today she collects a Mc-Kee tableware pattern, but has bought and sold EAPG, novelties, and historical glass through her home-based Bear Tooth Antiques for the past 14 years. Her research interest is glass factories of the 19th and early 20th centuries. She has written over a dozen articles on various factories and their wares. She lives in Madison, Wisconsin, with her husband, Frank, and Schnauzer, Data Base.

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Preferrably mint or near mint. BILL REEVES, PO Box 252, Cedarville, CA 96104 (530) 279-6304 evenings.

JARX DOCTOR

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FAX: (816) 318-0162

Get the word out!

ADVERTISE!!

68

Spring 2003

Bottles and Extras

FOHBC SHO-BIZ FOHBC Sho-Biz is published in the interest of the hobby. Federation affiliated clubs are noted. Information on up-coming collecting events is welcome, but space is limited.

Please send at least four months in advance, including telephone number, to: FOHBC Sho-Biz, c/o Ron Rasnake, 6301 Lilyan Parkway, Fort Pierce, FL 34951, or E-mail: RonOldGins@aol.com. Show schedules are subject to change. Please call ahead before traveling long distances.

All listings published here will also be published on our web site at http://www.fohbc.com.

April 4-5 ~ Wheaton, IL Collector's Jubilee (Fri. 10am–5pm, Sat. 9am–1pm) at the Dupage County Fairgrounds, Manchester Rd. (east of County Farm Rd.), Wheaton, Illinois. Info: Jim Crandall, 1486 Prospect Ave., Des Plaines, IL 60018, Ph: (847) 827-4727.* April 5 - Jacksonville, Arkansas Little Rock Antique Bottle Club’s 33rd Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 9am-3pm) at the Jacksonville Community Center, 5 Municipal Dr., Jacksonville, Arkansas. Info: Ph: (501) 771-0624 (no calls after 8pm), E-mail: coxcurt@swbell.net.

April 6 - Rochester, New York Genesee Valley Bottle Collector’s 34th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9am–3pmPM) at the Monroe County Fairgrounds, Minett Hall, Route 15A & Calkins Rd., Rochester, New York. Info: Terry Woodhams,, 931 Chili Ave., Rochester, NY 14611, PH: (585) 4365893 or Tom Whipple, 4595 County Road #1, Canandaigua, NY 14424, Ph: (585) 554-3964, Email: jvbcadealerstables@hotmail.com. ** April 6 - Enfieldl, Connecticut Yankee Pole Cat Insulator Club’s Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 8am-2pm) at the American Legion Hall, 566 Enfield St. (U. S. Route 5, I-91 exit 49), Enfield, Connecticut. Info: John Rajpolt, 17 Pheasant Ln., Monroe, CT 06468, Ph: (203) 261-1190, E-mail: rajpolt@earthlink.net. * April 13 - Minneapolis, Minnesota Minnesota’s First Antique Bottle Club and North Star Historical Bottle Association’s 32nd Annual Show & Sale (Sun, 9:30am-3:30pm) at the Days Inn, 1901 Killebrew Dr. (nest to the Mall of America), Bloomington, Minnesota. Info: Doug Shilson, 3308 32nd Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55406, Ph: (612) 721-4165, E-mail: bittersdug@aol.com or Stever Ketcham, Box 24114, Edina, MN 55424, Ph: (952) 9204205, E-mail: s.ketcham@unique-software.com. ** April 13 - Portland, Maine New England Antique Bottle Club’s 37th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9:30am- 2:30pm, early admission 8:30am) at the Italian Heritage Center, 40 Westland, Ave., Portland, Maine. Info: Gerry Sirois, 89 New York Ave., South Portland, ME 04106, PH: (207) 773-0148 or Jack Pelletier, Ph: (207) 839-4389. ** April 13 - Cirencester, England Cirencester Bottle & Collectors Fair (Sun. 11am-3pm, early admission 9am) at the Bingham Hall, King Street, Cirencester, England. Info: Keith Watt, 9 Purley Road, Cirencester, Glos., GL7 1EP, England, Ph: 011-441285 652142.

April 19 - Perth, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Valley Insulator Collector’s 5th Annual Gettogether (Sat. 10am-2pm) at Lions Hall (at the Fairgrounds), Perth, Ontario. Info: Robin Plewes, Ph: (613) 256-7638 (before 9pm EST), E-mail: Robin.Plewes@cmcelectronics.ca. * April 26 - Panama City Beach, Florida Emerald Coast Bottle Collector’s 7th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 9am-3pm) at the Panama City Beach Recreational Complex, U. S. Highway 98 West, Panama City Beach, Florida. Info: Alan McCarthy, 2415 W. 15TH St., Panama City, FL 32401, PH: (850)

769-3984 or Joe Brock, Ph: (850) 784-1729, E-mail: panamacityjoe@hotmail.com. ** April 26 - Bedford, Texas Metroplex Insulator Show (Sat. 8:30am-3:30pm) at American Legion Post #379, 1245 North Industrial Blvd., Bedford, Texas. Info: Wade Howard, 3540 Pool Rd., Grapevine, TX 76051, Ph: (817) 481-5068, Email: hemi19@ticnet.com or ROSS BAIRD, 8617 Crosswind Dr., Ft. Worth, TX 76179, PH: (817) 2365580, E-mail: nsulator@aol.com. * April 27 - Vallejo, California Golden Gate Historical Bottle Society’s 37th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9am–4pm, early admission 8am) at the Solano County Fairgrounds, McCormack Hall, 900 Fairgrounds Dr. (across from Six Flags Marine World), Vallejo, California. Info: Steve Bava, 1901 Yellowstone Ct., Antioch, CA 94509, Ph: (925) 7577617, E-mail: bottlsteve@aol.com or Gary Antone, 752 Murdell Ln., Livermore, CA 94550, Ph: (925) 373-6758, E-mail: packrat49er@netscape.net. ** April 27 - West Swanzey, New Hampshire Gallery at Knotty Pine’s 9th Annual Antique Bottle Show & Sale (Sun. 10am-1pm) at the Knotty Pine Antique Market, Route 10, West Swanzey, New Hampshire. Info: Joan E. Pappas, PH: (603) 352-5252.

April 27 - Nepean, Ontario, Canada Bytown Bottle Seekers Club’s 30th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 10am- 4pm) at the Nepean Sportsplex, 1701 Woodroffe Ave., Nepean, Ontario, Canada..

Info: Peggy Sweet, Ph: (613) 257-1269.

May 2-3 - Gray, Tennessee State of Franklin ABCA 5th Annual Show & Sale (Friday, early admission and setup, Noon-6pm, Saturday, early admission and set-up, 7-9pm, Admission 9am-3pm) at the Appalachian Fairgrounds, Gray, Tennessee. Info: Charlie Barnette, 100 Coffey Street, Bristol, TN 37621, Ph: (423) 968-1437; E-mail: brisbotls@chartertn.net.

May 2-3 - Enumsclaw, Washington Washington Bottle Collectors Association’s Annual Show & Sale (Fri. 2pm-7pm, Sat. 9am-5pm) at the King County Fairgrounds, Enumclaw, Washington. Info: Warren Lhotka, 905 24th Ave. South, Seattle, WA 98144, E-mail: wlhotka@seiu6.org or Pete Hendricks, Ph: (253) 874-6345.

May 3-4 - Brisbane, Australia Caloundra 2003 National Bottle & Collectibles Fair (Sat. 9am-5pm, Sun. 9am-3pm) at the Downey Park Table Tennis Center, 86 Green Terrace, Windsor, Brisbane, Australia. Info: L. Foster, Ph: (07) 5494 1106.

May 4 - Utica, New York Mohawk Valley Antique Bottle Club’s 9th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9am-2:30pm) at the Herkimer County Fairgrounds, Route 5S & Cemetery Rd., Frankfort, New York. Info: Fred Capozzela, 1108 Rutger St., Utica, NY 13501, Ph: (315) 724-1026, E-mail: fcapozzella@hotmail.com.** May 9-10 - Mansfield, Ohio Ohio Bottle Club’s 25th Annual Show & Sale (Sat. 8am2pm, early admission Fri. 2pm-6pm) at the Richland County Fairgrounds, U. S. Route 30 (Trimble Rd. exit), Mansfield, Ohio. Info: Ron Hands, Ph: (330) 6341977, E-mail: rshands225@yahoo.com. **

May 9-10 - Mansfield, Ohio Western Reserve Insulator Club’s Show in conjunction with the 25th Annual Ohio Bottle Club Show (Sat. 8am2pm, early admission Fri. 2pm-6pm) at the Richland County Fairgrounds Youth Hall Bldg., Mansfield, Ohio.

Info: Western Reserve Insulator Club, P. O. Box 33661, North Royalton, OH 44133, E-mail: wric@clubs.insulators.com or John Hovanec, Ph: (440) 237-2242.* May 18 - Washington, Pennsylvania Washington County Antique Bottle & Insulator Club’s 29th Annual Show & Sale (Sun. 9am-3pm) at the Alpine Star Lodge, 735 Jefferson Ave. (I-70 exit 17), Washington, Pennsylvania. Info: Russ Crupe, 52 Cherry Rd., Avella, PA 15312, Ph: (724) 345-3653, E-mail: heidirus@mlynk.com. ** Central & Southern Counties Insulator Club’s 10th Annual Show & Barbecue (Fri. 4pm-9pm, Sat. 8am3pm) at the Lions Veteran Hall (at the pier), Cayucos, California. Info: Paul Alleeson, 1766 First St. #D, Simi Valley, CA 93065, Ph: (805) 527-1770, E-mail: acoloredcd@aol.com. * June 6-7 - Lumberton, North Carolina Robeson Antique Bottle Club's Annual Show & Sale (Fri, 3-9pm, Sat. 9am-3pm) at the Expo & Farmers Market, 1027 U. S. Hwy. 74 East (I-95 exit 14), Lumberton, North Carolina. Info: Richard Stephens, 1830 Riverside Blvd., Lumberton, NC 28358, Ph: (910) 738-6075, E-mail: rhstep@nc.rr.com or Pat Valenti & Clara Baxley, Ph: (910) 738-3074, E-mail: cbaxley@nc.rr.com.

June 7 - Lasalle, Michigan Huron Valley Bottle & Insulator Club’s “It Ain’t Gonna Rain” Trunk Sale & Swap (Sat. 10am-2pm) at the American Heritage Antique Mall, 5228 S. Otter Creek (I-75 exit 9), Lasalle, Michigan. Info: Shaun Kotlarsky, Ph: (248) 673-1650, or Curtis Erickson, Ph: (248) 5425144, or Bob Alexander, Ph: (248) 623-1446 or HVBIC, Web-site: http://www.insulators.com/clubs/ hvbic * June 27-29 - Springfield, Ohio National Insulator Association’s 34th Annual National Show (Fri. 8am-4pm NIA members only, Sat. 8:30am4 pm, Sun. 9am-3pm) at the Clark County Exposition Center Mercantile & Annex Buildings, I-70 exit 59, Springfield, Ohio. Info: Steve & Lois Blair, 105 State Route 56 SW, London, OH 43140, Ph: (740) 8523148 or Glenn & Sandra Drummond,600 County Rd. 87, Notasulga, AL 36866, Ph: (334) 257-3100, Email: pat.eighteenseventyone@verizion.net.* June 28-29 - Louisville, Kentucky Federation of Historical Bottle Collector’s 2003 National Show (Sun. 9am-3pm, early admission Sat. 1pm-5pm & Sun. 7am-9am) at the Kentucky International Convention Center, Louisville, Kentucky. Info: Ralph Van Brocklin, 1021 W. Oakland Ave., Suite #109, Johnson City, TN 37604, Ph: (423) 913-1378, E-mail: thegenuine@comcast.net or Adam Koch, 763 Jolson Ave., Akron, OH 44319, Ph: (330) 644-0274.**

Shows marked ** are FOHBC Clubs. As of the day I prepare this document, I note Federation Clubs based upon membership forms in hand. If your club belongs to the Federation and is not noted as such, please verify that you have renewed your membership for the current year, and contact me at the above address if there is any confusion.

Shows marked * are provided by Crown Jewels of the Wire, Box 1003, St. Charles, IL 60174.

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POSTAGE PAID Johnson City, TN 37601