The season bids us program final

FOLGER CONSORT 2015/16 SEASON OF EARLY MUSIC

THE SEASON BIDS US DECEMBER 18-23

FOLGER SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY

DIVISION OF PUBLIC PROGRAMS Janet Alexander Griffin, Director of Public Programs/Artistic Producer Beth Emelson, Assistant Artistic Producer Emily Tartanella, Public Programs Assistant Charles Flye, Production Manager Rebekah Sheffer, Assistant Technical Director Brandon Roe, Sound Engineer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Louis R. Cohen, Chair Philip Deutch, Vice-Chair Simon Russell Beale The Lord Browne of Madingley Peter Edwards Susan Sachs Goldman Wyatt R. Haskell Deneen C. Howell Maxine Isaacs Edward R. Leahy May Liang Carol L. Ludwig Ken Ludwig Roger Millay Louisa Newlin Andrew J. Nussbaum Andrew Oliver Gail Kern Paster Stuart Rose Loren Rothschild James Shapiro Lady Westmacott Laura J. Yerkovich

FOLGER CONSORT Jennifer Bowman, Manager

Ex Officio Michael Witmore

Michael Witmore, Director

SENIOR DIRECTORS Daniel De Simone, Eric Weinmann Librarian Melody Fetske, Director of Finance and Administration Janet Alexander Griffin, Director of Public Programs Eric M. Johnson, Director of Digital Access Kathleen Lynch, Executive Director, Folger Institute Essence Newhoff, Director of Development Peggy O’Brien, Director of Education

PUBLIC RELATIONS/MARKETING Garland Scott, Head of External Affairs Peter Eramo, Events Publicity and Marketing Manager Esther French, Communications Associate SPECIAL TO FOLGER CONSORT Robert Aubry Davis, Host, Pre-Concert Discussions Krohn Design, Graphic Design Lois Reese, Artist Hospitality DOCENTS AND VOLUNTEERS are vitally important to our success. Heartfelt thanks to these generous donors of time and talent.

Special Thanks to the Embassy of France in Washington, D.C. Please hold applause until the end of sets, and turn off cellular phones and electronic devices. The use of photography or any type of recording device during these performances is prohibited.

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ROSA LAMOREAUx’S PERFORMANCE IS SPONSORED BY KARL K. AND CARROL BENNER KINDEL

FOLGER CONSORT

Robert Eisenstein Christopher Kendall Artistic Directors

THE SEASON BIDS US with Andrew Arceci, Risa Browder, Julien Chauvin, Wade Davis, Rosa Lamoreaux, Caroline G. Levy, Annie Loud, John Moran, Leslie Nero, and Webb Wiggins Le Printemps Giovanni Antonio Guido Presto Les temps vole Allegro – Andante Chaque saison s’enfuit Adagio piano – Andante Les ruisseaux Allegro Air de trompette Muzette Tendrement Allegro Danse des bergers Noëls pour les instruments Vous que désirez sans fin Une jeune pucelle Or, nous dites, Marie Joseph est bien marié

arranged by Marc-Antoine Charpentier

L’Esté Spiritoso L’air s’enflâme Adagio e piano Zephire disparôit Presto Chant des coucous Adagio Vole à notre sécours o Ceres adorable Spiritoso Descente de Ceres Allegro Danse des Moissonneurs Largo Allegro Danse des Faunes Preludio arpeggio Allegro Serenata Adagio – Allegro L’amant respectueux Prestissimo Un violent orage INTERMISSION continued, next page 3

L’Automne Allegro assai Celebrons le retour de l’Automne Allegro assai Les cris et ris des bacchantes Allegro Adagio e piano – Presto – Adagio e piano Sommeil Allegro Allegro – Presto La chasse; fuite du cerf Adagio e piano Mort du cerf Prestissimo Allegro Noëls pour les instruments Le Créateur Ou s’en vont ces gais bergers Les Bourgeois de Chastres

arranged by Charpentier

L’Hyver Largo La saison des frimats Prestissimo Le cruel aquilon nous declare la guerre Adagio Prenez soin de vos jours Vivace Marche de guerriers Allegro Les brilliantes fêtes Prestissimo – Allegro Laissons gronder les vents – bannisons la tristesse

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Guido

Guido

FOLGER CONSORT

Engaging Washington-area audiences since 1977, Folger Consort is the early music ensemble-in-residence at the Folger Shakespeare Library.

Founding Artistic Directors Robert Eisenstein and Christopher Kendall create programs that offer opportunities to discover and enjoy music from the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Whether presenting concerts in the ensemble’s intimate home, the Folger’s Elizabethan-styled theater, or in the splendid reaches of Washington National Cathedral, the Folger Consort continues its tradition of bringing internationally noted guest artists to Washington, DC to join in its “early music chamber society.” Beyond its concert series, Folger Consort strives to deepen audiences’ understanding and appreciation of early music through seminars, discussions, recordings, radio programs, and unique collaborations with other programs of the Folger Shakespeare Library. Folger Consort has received five awards for Best Classical Chamber Ensemble by the Washington Area Music Awards.

For more information, visit folger.edu/consort.

Robert Eisenstein—violin, viola—is a founding member and program director of the Folger Consort. In addition to his work with the Consort, he is the director of the Five College Early Music Program in Massachusetts, where he teaches music history, performs regularly on viola da gamba, violin, and medieval fiddle, and coordinates and directs student performances of medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque music. He is an active participant in Five College Medieval Studies and served as Music Director for the Five College Opera Project production of Francesca Caccini’s La Liberazione di Ruggiero. He has a particular interest in the use of computer technology in the service of music and enjoys teaching at Mount Holyoke College a course called Fun with Music and Technology. Mr. Eisenstein is the recipient of Early Music America's Thomas Binkley Award for outstanding achievement in performance and scholarship by the director of a college early music ensemble.

FOR YOUR HOLIDAY SHOPPING

⽧ Folger Consort CDs are available to purchase at intermission and at folger.edu/shop.

⽧ Gift certificates for tickets to Folger programs can be purchased at folger.edu/box-office.

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GUEST ARTISTS

Risa Browder, violin Annie Loud, violin/viola Caroline G. Levy, violin/viola Leslie Nero, violin/viola

John Moran, cello Wade Davis, cello Andrew Arceci, bass violone Webb Wiggins, harpsichord

Julien Chauvin—violin—has appeared with such Baroque ensembles as Concerto Köln, Les Musiciens du Louvre, Le Concert d’Astrée, and l’Ensemble Baroque de Limoges. He has performed as a soloist in South America, South Africa, Georgia, at the Amsterdam Concertgebouw, and at the Deauville, France Easter Festival. His accolades include the 1997 Prix du Concours Général de Paris and 2003 laureate at the International Early Music competition in Bruges. Mr. Chauvin also performs the Romantic and Modern repertoire and has collaborated with Steve Reich, György Kurtag, Thierry Escaich, Thomas Adès, and Philippe Hersant. He performs with fellow soloists Renaud Capucon, Jérome Pernoo, Jérome Ducros, Bertrand Chamayou, Christophe Coin, Patrick Cohen, and Alain Planès. Following ten years as co-director of the ensemble Le Cercle de l’Harmonie, Mr. Chauvin established a new orchestra—Le Concert de la Loge Olympique—while continuing performances with the Quatuor Cambini-Paris, formed in 2007.

He directed the stage show Era la Notte, staged by Juliette Deschamps and featuring soprano Anna Caterina Antonacci, which has appeared in principal European theaters in Luxembourg and Nîmes as well as the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, Amsterdam, Toulouse, Caen, and Vienna.

Mr. Chauvin conducted Gluck’s Echo et Narcisse at the Paris Conservatoire, Félicien David’s opera Le Saphir, as well as Haydn’s opera Armida.

Concurrently, he appeared with Olivier Beaumont at the Château de Versailles, the Villa Medici in Rome, and the Musée d’Orsay concert hall.

In North America, Mr. Chauvin has appeared in New York, Washington, DC, Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto, and coaches Quebec Symphony Orchestra musicians. He has recorded soloist works by Haydn, Beethoven, and Berlioz with Le Cercle de l’Harmonie on the Eloquentia and Ambroisie-Naïve labels.

He is the artist-in-association with the Fondation Singer-Polignac in Paris.

Rosa Lamoreaux—soprano—is engaged in an international career of broad scope, including solo recitals, chamber music, opera, and orchestral performances at major concert venues including Carnegie Hall, Royal Albert Hall, the Kennedy Center, the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Strathmore Hall, and Washington National Cathedral, among others. Her concert tours abroad have included performances in Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Peru, and Japan. Highly-praised as a Bach soloist, Ms. Lamoreaux is featured regularly at the Bethlehem and Carmel Bach Festivals, and she appears frequently with such foremost choral groups as the Washington Bach Consort, the Cathedral Choral Society, the National Philharmonic Chorale, and Choral Arts of Washington. Her orchestral credits include the Atlanta, Dallas, and Cincinnati Symphony Orchestras. Greatly in demand as a chamber music performer, she sings with the Folger Consort, Chatham Baroque, ArcoVoce, the Four Nations Ensemble, Hesperus, and Musica Aperta. Ms. Lamoreaux is Artistic Director of the National Gallery of Art Vocal Ensemble. Her art museum performance venues also include the Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Cloisters, the Smithsonian, the Corcoran Gallery, and the Phillips Collection. She has recently received her seventh Washington Area Music Award (Wammie) for Best Classical Vocalist.

Ms. Lamoreaux’s numerous recordings reflect the breadth of her repertoire— from Hildegard von Bingen to today’s Stephen Paulus—and her concerts are frequently broadcast on PBS, BBC, and CBC. For further information, please visit www.rosasings.com.

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NOTES

We know very little about the Italian violinist who composed the Scherzi Armonici sopra le Quattro Stagioni dell’Anno we are performing here. Part of this problem stems from the fact that he used three names in various orders.

We have decided to call him Giovanni Antonio Guido, the name used in the French privileges granted to him in 1707 and 1726 to publish his pieces.

On the other hand, these documents cite the pieces themselves as being published by Mr. Antonio, and most 18th-century sources refer to him as Antonio. Regardless of his multiple names, he was probably from Genoa and was born around 1675.

He studied violin at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini in Naples, starting his studies in 1683. He stayed in the Conservatory for a while and was paid as a copyist and later found employment as a violinist in the Royal Chapel. In 1702 he moved to Paris, and we have an account of a performance given at Fontainebleau for the Queen of England in 1703. This report, in the November 1703 Mercure Galant, tells us that he was then a violinist in the service of the Duke of Orléans, and an excellent one. He played in the Duke’s orchestra until at least 1726 and eventually became the leader of the Duke’s musical establishment.

Guido became well known in France as a composer as well as a violinist, and at some point he sat for a portrait by artist Antoine Watteau. We know that he took part in concerts at the home of the financier and patron Pierre Crozat, who around the time of the composition of these suites commissioned Watteau to paint four oval paintings of the seasons for his Parisian dining room. Of the four paintings, only Summer, now in the collection of our National Gallery of Art, has survived. It gives us an important clue: the painting shows Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility, with a scythe and a sheaf of wheat, which also appears in the anonymous poem accompanying Guido’s suite, in which Ceres and her harvesters populate the second and third quatrains. It seems likely, therefore, that our set of suites was composed for Crozat. There is mention of a concerto by Guido being performed in 1728 at the Concert Spirituel and several complimentary notices about his playing. Moving in the elevated circles of men like Crozat and the Duke of Orléans, Guido would have met and played with important French musicians like Antoine Forqueray, and he probably had a lot to do with the growing French appreciation for Italian music in the first few decades of the 18th century.

As noted, Guido was a violinist, and as you will hear, his music shows it.

He displays a talent for combining aspects of French and Italian style. Guido probably composed his Four Seasons around 1716-17, about the same time Vivaldi was writing his more famous Quattro Stagioni. Unlike Vivaldi’s set of concerti, Guido’s Quattro Stagioni are suites in the French style, with lots of short movements rather than Vivaldi’s Italian three-movement design for the concerto. In Guido’s suites the sparkling writing is for an unusual ensemble of three violins (with optional wind doubling) and bass, as opposed to the Italian scoring of two violins, viola, and bass. While the three violin parts are quite fun to play and definitely have an Italian brilliance, they are not as virtuosic as the solo part in Vivaldi’s Seasons. This may be a nod in the direction of French taste. Interestingly, both Vivaldi’s concerti and Guido’s suites are accompanied by programmatic poems for each season. Guido’s 7

multiple short movements match the charming conceits in the poems beautifully. It is really ingenious for him to have used the little episodes in the poems for brilliant Italian music organized into the short movements of a French suite.

We cannot answer with perfect clarity the obvious question of whose Four Seasons came first. It has been suggested that even if Vivaldi’s set was composed first, the idea of associating a poem with each season may have been Guido’s, and Vivaldi may have added his sonnets later.

Marc-Antoine Charpentier is one of the few important French composers of his time not to have been directly employed by Louis xIV. He did, however, manage to hold several prominent posts in Paris, and in his contemporaries’ eyes he was seen as at least the equal of the Lully, the official head of Louis xIV’s musical establishment.

Charpentier was born in or near Paris in 1643. His father was a scribe. We know virtually nothing about his youth, although some evidence points to a Jesuitical education. There seems to be no documentation for the claim that he came from a family of artists and made his visit to Italy specifically to study painting, not music. At any rate, he did arrive in Rome either in 1666 or 1667 and remained for three years. A 1681 issue of the Mercure Galant states that he studied for three years there with the composer Carissimi.

Charpentier certainly learned mid-17th-century Italian style and incorporated features of this music in his own work. He brought back to Paris with him copies in his own hand of music by Carissimi and other Roman composers, including Carissimi’s famous oratorio Jephte. The Italianate influence is clear in much of Charpentier’s early work, but elements of French style dominate his later church and instrumental music.

When he returned to Paris, Charpentier was given an apartment in the Hôtel de Guise by Marie de Lorraine, one of the wealthiest (and most pious) noblewomen in Paris. He became part of her private musical organization— one of the largest in France after that of the royal court—as her composer in residence and as a singer. Here he composed many oratorios in the general style of Carissimi, two charming Christmas pastorals, and many motets.

Marie de Lorraine’s daughter-in-law, considerably less religiously oriented, encouraged Charpentier also to compose secular theater works for the Hôtel de Guise musicians.

Very little of Charpentier’s music was published during his lifetime, and in fact, most of it remains unpublished to this day. He did, however, keep his autograph copies of everything. It is fortunate that most of his autographs were sold to the Royal Library (now the Bibliotèque Nationale) in 1727 and remain intact. Consequently we have a clear picture of his music. As a composer associated for most of his Paris career with important churches, it is not surprising that most of his output consisted of masses, motets, and other liturgical works. He is probably best known today, however, for the music written for Molière and his company of actors.

The Noëls presented here are a special and charming part of Charpentier’s opus. They come from his autograph manuscripts and are scored purely for instruments (strings and recorders). We have taken the step of matching the traditional carol words to the melodies. It was fairy easy to do so; most of 8

these songs were printed by Ballard in 1703 as simple noëls with a bass, and many of them are still sung today. In this music Charpentier has achieved a delightful balance of graceful French dance rhythms, deft part writing, and sophisticated harmony. All of it is suffused with the flavor of the original folk tunes, resulting in Christmas music that deserves to be better known.

In 1698 Charpentier was granted the post of music director for the second most important sacred music job in France after that of the royal chapel at Versailles: the stunningly beautiful Gothic chapel Sainte-Chapelle. He held this position until his death in 1704. According to a biographer, he was buried in the Sainte-Chapelle, although there is no marked grave. He did leave, however, a dramatic cantata in which “the shade of Charpentier” speaks to wanderers in the underworld. He says, “I was a musician, considered good by the good ones, scorned as ignorant by the ignorant… since those who scorned me were more numerous than those who lauded me, music became to me a small honor and a heavy burden. And just as at my birth I took nothing into this world, I took nothing from it at my death.”

We conclude our performance with Guido’s image of a joyous and “brilliant celebration” in the midst of the cold winter that beautifully conveys the spirit of the season.

—Robert Eisenstein

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POEMS ACCOMPANYING GUIDO’S FOUR SEASONS Each of Guido’s Four Seasons is accompanied by a descriptive poem which corresponds to the music. Note that the poetry and song texts printed here are taken from the early musical scores; often the spelling, accents, and punctuation vary from current usage.

Le Printemps

Spring

Le triste hyver n’est plus, le printemps prend sa place Tout renâit avec luy, tout rit sur nos coteaux; Les ruisseaux dans leurs cours, ne trouvent plus de glace Et les champs sont ouverts aux bondissants troupeaux.

Sad winter is no more, springtime takes its place, All things are reborn with it, all things smile under our hills; The streams in their courses find no more ice And the meadows are open to bounding herds.

Le tendre rossignol, par de charmants ramages, Se plaint dans ses amours, ou chante son bonheur; Tous les autres oyseaux en different langages, Expriment comme luy les secrets de leur coeur.

The tender nightingale, with its charming warbling, Complains of its loves, or sings of its happiness; All the other birds in different languages, Alike express the secrets of their hearts.

Quel son frape les airs? la trompette bruyante Avertit les guerriers, annonce les combats Volez, héros, volez a la gloire éclatante D’une victoire insigne, ou d’un noble trépas.

What song strikes the air? The strident trumpet Informs the warriors, announces combat; Steal, heroes, steal your shining glory, Of an honored victory, or of a noble death.

Et vous heureux bergers, accordez vos musettes Les brebis à leur gré, paissent de toutes parts; Les danses, les chansons dans vos douces retraites, Font nâitre autant de feux, que les tendre regards.

And you happy shepherds, tune your musettes; The ewes graze in all parts, as they please; The dances, the songs in your soft sanctuary, Give birth to as many fires as tender looks.

L’Eté

Summer

L’air s’enflâme: Phoebus dans sa course brillante A déjà rencontré le Lyon en courroux.

Zéphire disparôit, la campagne brulante Ne laisse plus chanter d’oiseaux que les coucous.

The air sets fire to itself: Phoebus in his brilliant course Has already met Leo in wrath.

Zephyr disappears, the burning countryside Leaves no birds to sing except the cuckoos.

Vole à notre sécours, o Ceres adorable, Viens honorer nos champs par tes divins appas Tempere du soleil la chaleur redoubtable Qu’il dore nos moissons et ne les brule pas.

Fly to our aid, o adorable Ceres, Come honor our meadows with your divine feminine charms, Sooth the formidable heat of the sun That it tans our harvest and does not burn it.

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She descends; already all things feel her presence; Let us celebrate her good deeds with tender chords, The harvesters clear the stubble within the abundance, Beginning to gather their treasures for her glory.

Les Faunes, les Sylvains et les Nimphes badines Retrouvent le printemps dans le milieu des bois Quelles danses, quels ris, quelles chansons divines!

La triste Echo les suit et repond a leur voix.

The Fauns, Sylvans, and playful Nymphs Rediscover springtime in the middle of the woods; What dances, what laughter, what divine songs!

Sad Echo follows them and responds to their voices.

L’amant respectueux attend la nuit obscure Son amoureux martyre éclate dans les airs Et n’osant raconter les peines qu’il endure, Il fait parler pour luy d’agréables concerts.

The patient lover waits for the dark night, His amorous martyrdom splinters in the air And he does not dare recount the pain he endures; He has agreeable concerts speak for him.

Mais un soudain éclair interrompt son homage Le ciel gronde, des feux mille fois redoublez Annoncent a la terre un violent orage, Et des pales mortels tous les sens sont troublez.

But the sudden thunderbolt interrupts his homage; The sky grumbles, the fires a thousand times redoubled Announce to the Earth a violent storm, And the pallid mortals, all their senses are troubled.

JOIN US!

Elle descend; déja tout ressent sa presence Celebrons ses bien faits par de tendres accords, Les moissonneurs chaumez au sein de l’abondance Commencent pour sa gloire à cueillir ses tresors.

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L’Automne

Autumn

Celebrons à l’envy le retour de L’Automne Suivons les doux plaisirs et les jeux dans les champs Flore n’yregne plus mais la riche Pomone Nous offre au lieu de fleurs, de plus dignes presens.

Let us celebrate the return of autumn as we like it, Let us follow the gentle joys and games in the fields.

Flora no longer rules, but rich Pomona, Offering us not flowers, but worthier gifts.

J’entends les cris confus et les ris Bacchantes, Recoinnoissez Silene à sa tonante voix Du puissant dieu du vin, dans leurs fureurs charmantes Ils goutent les faveurs et chantent les Exploits.

I hear confused cries and the laughter of Bacchantes, Recognize Silene’s resounding voice, Of the mighty god of wine. In their lovely rage They taste the privileges and praise heroic deeds.

Dans les bras du Someil, la troupe s’abandonne Bachus vient d’assoupir tous leurs sens enchantez.

O! buveurs fortunez, le sceptre et la couronne Valent ils les plaisirs qui vous son presentez?

The drinkers sink in Morpheus’ arms, Bacchus has numbed all their beguiled senses.

Oh! Merry drinkers, the scepter and the crown— Are they worth the joys presented to you?

Mais quel bruit importun si matin les reveille?

Les cors font retentir tous les bois d’Alentour.

Les chasseurs et les chiens d’une ardeur sons pareille Bruslent de terrasser plus d’un monstre en ce jour.

What annoying noise wakes them at such early hour?

The sound of horns fills all the forests roundabout.

The hunters and dogs, in mood for battle incomparable Are yearning to deliver death today.

Le cerf epouvanté ne voit plus de retraite Il vole et veut en vain echaper au trepas La force l’abandonne et pleurant sa defaite Il se livre aux vainqueurs qui ne l’epargnent pas.

The stag, horrified, sees no escape.

He flies, attempting in vain to escape death.

His power leaves him, he cries of his defeat, He surrenders to his conquerors who deny him mercy.

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L’Hyver

Winter

La saison des frimats, attriste la Nature Le soleil affoibli se dérobe a nos yeux La terre aux animaux, n’offre au lieu de pature Que neiges et glaçons qu’il trouvent en tous lieux.

The season of freezing fog saddens Nature, The weakened sun escapes before our eyes To the animals, the soil offers in place of grass Only snow and icicles that are found in every place.

Le cruel aquilon nous declare la guerre Quels affreux sifflemens mugissent dans les airs!

Eöle furieux pour ravager la terre De ses sujets mutins, a-t-il brisé les fers?

The cruel boreal wind declares war on us; That awful whistling howls in the air!

Aeolus furiously ravages the earth Of his mutinous subjects, has he shattered chains?

Prenez soin de vos jours, O tremblante vieillesse Le soufflé de Borée est funeste pour vous Apeine la chaleur de la verte Jeunesse Peut-elle prevenir l’effet de son Courroux.

Take care in your days, oh trembling old age, The breath of Boreas is deadly for you, Scarcely the heat of green youth Can avert the effect of his wrath.

Cependant nos guerriers dans de brillantes fêtes Au milieu de L’hyver amenent les beaux jours Tout promet à leurs voeux les plus belles conquetes Ils en ont pour garant la Mère des Amours.

Nevertheless our warriors, in brilliant celebration, In the middle of winter, bring beautiful days; Everything promises the most beautiful conquests that they could wish, The Mother of Love guarantees their wishes.

Laissons gronder les vents, bannisons la tristesse Les dieux les plus charmans previennent nos desirs Livrons nous aux festins, aux jeux, a la tendresse L’hyver qui glace tout, ranime les plaisirs.

Let the winds howl, banish sadness; The most charming gods forestall our desires, Let us throw ourselves into feasts, our games, the tenderness Winter that chills all, revive the desires.

SONG TEXTS

Texts are provided for your enjoyment; occasionally verses are omitted in performance.

Vous qui désirez sans fin Vous qui désirez sans fin Ouïr chanter, Que notre Dieu est enclin A écouter Notre prière et complainte Tous les jours, Quand nous invoquons sans feinte Son secours.

You who wish to hear endlessly sung the songs our God is inclined to listen to, our prayer and lament every day, when we invoke in earnest His help.

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Une jeune pucelle Une jeune pucelle de noble coeur Priant en sa chambrette son Créateur L’Ange du Ciel descendant sur la terre Luy conta le mystère De notre Salvateur.

A young maiden of noble heart was praying to her Creator in her room, and the Angel of Heaven, descending to the earth, told her the mystery of our Savior.

La pucelle esbahie de ceste voix Elle se print à dire pour ceste fois Comment pourra s’accomplir telle affaire?

Car jamais n’eus affaire A nul homme qui soyt.

The maiden, amazed by the voice began to say “How can such a thing be? for I have had nothing to do with any man whatsoever.”

Ne te soucie, Marie, aucunement Celui qui seignerie au firmament Son Saint-Esprit te fera apparaitre Dont tu pourras connaitre Tout cest enfantement.

Do not worry, Mary He who reigns in the firmament will make his Holy Spirit appear to you, of whom you will soon Learn of this birth.

Sans douleur et sans peine et sans tourment Neuf mois sera enceinte de cet enfant Quand ce viendra à le poser sur terre Jésus faut qu’on l’appelle Roy sur tout triomphant.

Without sorrow, without pain, and without torment You will be pregnant for nine months with this infant and when the time comes to place him on the earth He must be called Jesus, King triumphing over all.

Lors fut tant consolée de des beaux dits Qu’elle pensait quasi-etre en Paradis Se soubmettat du tout à lui complaire Disant voicy l’ancelle Du Sauveur Jésus-Christ.

Then she was so well consoled by the beautiful words that she thought she was almost in Paradise.

She submitted entirely to his will saying “Here is the handmaiden of the Savior Jesus Christ.”

Mon ame magnifie Dieu, mon Sauveur Mon esprit glorifie son Createur Car il a euegard a son ancelle Que la terre universelle Lui soit gloire et honneur.

My soul magnifies God, my savior, my spirit glorifies his creator for he has considered his handmaiden; Let the whole earth give him glory and honor.

Or, nous dites, Marie Chantons je vous en prie Par exultation En l’honneur de Marie Pleine du grand renom.

Let us sing, I pray you, in exultation in honor of Mary full of great honor.

Pour tout l’humain lignage Remis hors du peril Fut transmis un message A la Vierge de prix Nommée, fust Marie Par destination De royale lignée Par generation.

For the whole human race (saved now from danger) a message was sent to the Virgin named Mary by destiny, of royal lineage by blood.

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Or, nous dites, Marie Quel fust le messager Qui porta la nouvelle Pour le monde sauver?

Ce fust Gabriel Ange Qui sans dilation Dieu envoya sur terre Par grand compassion.

Now tell us, Mary who was the messenger who brought the news of the world’s salvation?

It was the Angel Gabriel who God without delay sent to the earth in his great compassion.

Or, nous dites, Marie Que vous dit Gabriel Quand vous porta nouvelle Du vrai Dieu eternel?

Dieu soit en toi, Marie Dit-il sans fiction Tu es de grace remplie Et benediction.

Now tell us, Mary, what did Gabriel say when he brought you news from the true eternal God? God be with you, Mary, he said in truth, you are filled with grace and benediction.

Joseph est bien marié Joseph et bien marié A la fille de Jesse C’était chose bien nouvelle D’être mère et pucelle Dieu y avait opéré Joseph est bien marié.

Joseph is well married to the daughter of Jesse; It’s certainly something new to be mother and virgin; God has been at work— Joseph is well married.

Et quand cevint au premier Que Dieu voulut nous sauver Il fit en terre descendre Son seul fils Jesus pour prendre En Marie humanité Joseph est bien marié.

And when God came to save us He caused his son Jesus to descend to earth to take humanity in Mary— Joseph is well married.

Quand Joseph eut apperçu Que la femme avait conçu Il ne s’encontenta mie Faché fut contre Marie Et s’envoulut en aller Joseph est bien marié.

When Joseph had learned that his wife had conceived He was not at all happy— He was irritated with Mary and wanted to leave her— Joseph is well married.

Mais l’ange si lui a dit Joseph n’en aie dépit Ta Sainte femme Marie Est grosse du fruit de vie.

Elle a conçu sans péché Joseph est bien marié.

But the angel said to him “Joseph, don’t be spiteful— your holy wife Mary is great with the fruit of life.

She has conceived without sin— Joseph is well married.

Change ton pensement Et approche hardiment Car par sa toute puissance Tu es durant son enfance A le servir dedie.

Joseph est bien marié.

Change your mind and approach boldly for by all his power you are dedicated to serve him during his childhood.

Joseph is well married.”

A Noël, en droit minuit Elle enfanta Jésus-Christ Sans peine et sans tourment Joseph se soucie grandement Du cas qu’il est arrivé.

Joseph est bien marié.

On Christmas, at the stroke of midnight she bore Jesus Christ without pain and without torment; Joseph was greatly concerned by what had come to pass.

Joseph is well married.

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Les anges y sont venus Voir le Rédempteur Jésus De très belle compagnie Puis, à voix haute, jolie Gloria, ils ont chanté.

Joseph est bien marié.

The angels came there to see the Redeemer Jesus in a beautiful company and then sang in a loud voice Gloria.

Joseph is well married.

Les pasteurs ont entendu Que le Sauveur est venu Ont laisse leurs brebiettes En chantant de leurs musettes Disent que tout est sauvé.

Joseph est bien marié.

The shepherds heard that the Savior has come, left their sheep, and singing with their bagpipes said that the world is saved.

Joseph is well married.

Les Trois Rois pareillement Ont porté leurs presens Or, encens, myrhhe Ont donné, au fils, a Marie De lui sera grand éclarté.

Joseph est bien marié.

The Three Kings likewise brought their presents, gold, incense, myrrh; and said to Mary and the son “From him there will be a great light.”

Joseph is well married.

Or, prions dévotement De bon coeur et humblement Que paix, joye et bonne vie Impêtre Dame Marie A notre nécessité.

Joseph est bien marié.

Now, let us devoutly pray humbly and with good heart that Lady Mary obtain peace, joy, and a good life for us in our need.

Joseph is well married.

Le Createur Le Createur par sa haulte puissance Forma le ciel et chascun elemens Auxquels donna par divine science Forme et rondeur avec le movement Puis le Seigneur tant doulx, humble et clement Bestes et oyseaulx en la terre et air estre Et le poisson en mer habondamment Feist son sejour avoir leur place et estre.

The creator through his great power formed the heaven and each element to which he gave form, roundness, and movement through divine knowledge Then the Lord, so sweet humble and clement made the beasts and birds to have their place in the earth and air, and the fish abundantly in the sea.

Apres forma Adam le premier homme De ses deux mains de peschez innocent Mais par la femme, il mordit en la pomme Dont de sa faulte, il fust tot cognoissant Du beau vergier, dont estoit jouyssant Fust dechasse a son grant vitupere O quel morceau! Il rend et languissant Le genre humain en douleur et misère.

Then he formed Adam, the first man, with this two hands, free from sin, but through the woman, Adam bit the apple and through his sin, he was soon aware of the fair garden

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from which he was banished O that bite! It caused humankind to languish in sorrow and misery.

Ou s’en vont ces gais bergers Ou s’en vont ces gais bergers Ensemble côte a côte?

Nous allons voir Jésus Christ Ne dedans une grotte.

Ou est-il le petit nouveau-né?

Le verrons-nous encore?

Where are these happy shepherds going together, two by two?

We are going to see Jesus Christ, Born in a cave.

Where is the little newborn?

Can we still come to him?

Les Bourgeois de Chastres Les bourgeois de Chastres Et de Mont-le-Hery Menez tous grande joye Cette journée icy Que nasquit Jésus-Christ De la Vierge Marie Près le boeuf et l’anon, don, don Entre lesquels coucha, la, la en une bergerie.

Burghers of Chartres and of Mont-le-Hery: Rejoice greatly on this day on which Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary By the ox and the ass, between them he lay in a sheep-fold.

Les anges ont chanté une belle chanson aux pasteurs et bergers de cette region Qui gardoient leurs moutons Paissant les bergeries Disant que le mignon, don, don Etoit ne pres de la, la, la Jésus, le fruit de vie.

The angels sang a beautiful song to the shepherds of that region who were keeping their sheep and grazing their animals saying that the cute little boy was born nearby, Jesus, the fruit of life.

Laisserent leurs troupeaux Paissant parmy les champs Prirent leurs chalumeaux Et droit a Saint-Clement Vinrent dansant, chantant, Menant joyeuse vie Pour visiter l’enfant si grand Lui donnant des joyaux si beaux Jésus les remercie.

They left their flocks grazing in the fields and took their pipes and straight to St. Clement they came dancing, singing, rejoicing, to visit the infant so great, giving him jewels so fair, and Jesus thanks them.

Puis ceux de Saint-Germain Tous en procession Partirent bien matin Pour trouver l’enfancon Puis ouirent le son De la douce harmonie Qui faisoient les pasteurs joyeux Lesquels n’etoient pas las, la, la De mener bonne vie.

Then those from Saint-Germain all in procession left early in the morning to find the child; Then they heard the sound of the sweet harmony which the joyous shepherds made; They weren’t there to rejoice.

Lors, un nomme Corbon Faisoit du bon brouet A la soupe a l’oignon Cependant qu’on dansoit Lapins et perdereaux Allouettes rosties Canards et cormorans, friands Gillot Barbaut porta, la la A Joseph et Marie.

Next, one named Corbon made some good broth, an onion soup, while they danced; Rabbits and partridges roast swallows, tasty ducks and cormorants brought Gillot Barbaut to Joseph and Mary.

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Se sont pris a danser De si bonne facon Et puis en font fait boire Au gentil Ratisson Lequel le trouva bon Commeil nous fist accroire Puis demand pardon, sibon, et remercia, la, la Jésus, aussi sa mere.

They started to dance so nicely and then they drank to nobel Ratisson who thought it good imposed upon us; Then he asked pardon and thanked Jesus and his mother as well.

Or, prions tous Marie Et Jésus son cher fils Qu’il nous donne la vie La-sus en Paradis Apres qu’aurons vescu En ce mortel repaire Qu’il nous veuille garder d’aller Tous en Enfer, la-bas, la, la En tourment et misère.

Now let us all pray to Mary and Jesus her dear son that he give us life above in Paradise after we have lived in this mortal vale; may he defend us from going all to Hell, down below, in torment and misery.

Thank you to the sponsors of FOLGER CONSORT’s 2015/16 Season D. James Baker & Emily Lind Baker Andrea Kasarsky Karl K. & Carrol Benner Kindel Gail Orgelfinger & Charles C. Hanna Robert J. & Tina M. Tallaksen To learn more about sponsorship, please call 202.548.8777.

FOLGER CONSORT gratefully acknowledges the support of the Early Music Endowment Fund and the Eunice & Mones E. Hawley Early Music Endowment Fund.

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Corporate, Foundation, and Government Support to Folger Shakespeare Library The list below includes gifts of $1,000 or more received between Oct. 1, 2014 and Sept. 30, 2015.

Anonymous B.H. Breslauer Foundation The Morris & Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation Capitol Hill Community Foundation Anthony & Anna L. Carozza Foundation Central Children’s Charities, Inc. Clark-Winchcole Foundation Council on Library & Information Resources D.C. Commission on the Arts and Humanities, an agency supported in part by the National Endowment for the Arts Dimick Foundation Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation The Lee & Juliet Folger Fund The Foster Family Fund John Edward Fowler Memorial Foundation The Ann & Gordon Getty Foundation Heinz Family Foundation Corina Higginson Trust Holland & Knight LLP Humanities Council of Washington, D.C. Mark & Carol Hyman Fund Lannan Foundation The Ludwig Family Foundation

The Nancy Peery Marriott Foundation MARPAT Foundation Mars Foundation Marshall B. Coyne Foundation The Mosaic Foundation (of R. & P. Heydon) National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs Program and the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Overseas Hardwoods Company Pine Tree Foundation of New York The C.B. Ramsay Foundation The Nora Roberts Foundation Shakespeare in American Communities Share Fund The Shubert Foundation Diana Davis Spencer Foundation United Technologies Weissberg Foundation

Individual Donors to Folger Shakespeare Library The list below includes gifts and pledges of $250 or more received between Oct. 1, 2014 and Sept. 30, 2015.

$25,000+ Anonymous Vinton & Sigrid Cerf Susan Sachs Goldman J. May Liang & James Lintott

The Honorable Eugene A. Ludwig & Dr. Carol Ludwig The McKee family in loving memory of Lily St. John McKee Roger & Robin Millay Herman J. Obermayer Mark Pigott KBE & Cindy Pigott Stuart & Mimi Rose

$15,000 -$24,999 Louis & Bonnie Cohen Philip J. Deutch & Marne L. Levine David & Margaret Gardner Maxine Isaacs Helen & David Kenney and Family The Honorable John D. Macomber Ann K. Morales William & Louisa Newlin Andrew Oliver & Melanie Du Bois Dwight & Kirsten Poler Mr. & Mrs. Loren Rothschild Mr. & Mrs. B. Francis Saul, II Neal T. Turtell

$10,000-$14,999 Anonymous The Lord Browne of Madingley Twiss & Patrick Butler Heather & Dick Cass Nicky Cymrot Maygene & Steve Daniels Mr. & Mrs. Peter Edwards Mr. & Mrs. Amos B. Hostetter, Jr. Deneen Howell & Donald Vieira Edward & Patricia Leahy Jacqueline B. Mars John & Connie McGuire Darcy & Andy Nussbaum Gail Kern Paster Joanne & Paul Ruxin

$5,000-$9,999 Judy Areen & Richard Cooper Neal & Florence Cohen Mr. Kevin M. Downey & Ms. Michele Jolin Drs. Julian & Elizabeth Eisenstein Ms. Denise Gwyn Ferguson Lisa Fuentes & Thomas Cohen Mr. & Mrs. Michael P. Galvin Stephen H. Grant Wyatt R. & Susan N. Haskell Nancy Jacobson & Mark Penn Andrea Kasarsky Karl K. & Carrol Benner Kindel Dr. Anne M. King

Michael Klein & Joan Fabry Amanda & Tom Lister Ken Ludwig & Adrienne George John & Susan Magee J.C. & Mary McElveen Chip Newton & Liz Smith Mr. Dusty Philip Alice & Ben Reiter Mr. & Mrs. H. Axel Schupf Mr. & Mrs. Theodore Sedgwick Gabriela & Douglas Smith The Steinglass Family Louis B. Thalheimer & Juliet A. Eurich Scott & Liz Vance Tara Ghoshal Wallace Drs. Michael L. Witmore & Kellie Robertson Ellen & Bernard Young

$2,500-$4,999 Anonymous (2) Gary & Mary Ellen Abrecht Keith & Celia Arnaud Jarrett & Nora Arp D. James Baker & Emily Lind Baker Roger & Julie Baskes Hon. & Mrs. Samuel R. Berger Michael S. Berman & Deborah Cowan Mr. Peter England Blau Bob Bradway Bill & Evelyn Braithwaite Ms. Marilyn Brockway Mr. & Mrs. Charles P. Brown Howard M. Brown Peter Brown & Margaret Hamburg Mr. Mark D. Colley & Ms. Deborah A. Harsch Brian & Karen Conway Jeffrey P. Cunard Porter & Lisa Dawson The Honorable & Mrs. John Deutch Barbra Eaton & Ed Salners Marjorie & Anthony Elson Jeff Franzen Wendy Frieman & David Johnson Ruth Hansen & Lawrence Plotkin Catherine Held Ms. Deidre Holmes DuBois & Mr. Christopher E. DuBois William L. Hopkins Rick Kasten Professor John N. & Pauline King Mr. Arthur Koenig Julianna Mahley Drs. Daniel & Susan Mareck Mark McConnell & Leslie Delagran Mr. & Mrs. Leander McCormick-Goodhart Pam McFarland & Brian Hagenbuch Peter & Mary Jay Michel Martin & Elaine Miller

Jane & Paul Molloy Hazel C. Moore Cullen & Anna Marie Murphy Carl & Undine Nash Melanie & Larry Nussdorf Gail Orgelfinger & Charles C. Hanna Craig Pascal & Victor Shargai Mr. Scott D. Pearson & Ms. Diana Farrell Jon Ralph & Patty Gibson Dr. Sara D. Schotland David Smith & Ilene Weinreich Robert J. & Tina M. Tallaksen Ayanna & Derek Thompson Mr. James Timberlake & Ms. Marquerite Rodger Tessa van der Willigen & Jonathan Walters Toby & Stacie Webb Nyla & Gerry Witmore Anne & Fred Woodworth

$1,000-$2,499 Anonymous (4) John & Nancy Abeles Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Allbritton Mr. Brent James Bennett Mr. & Mrs. Joseph S. Bracewell Ms. Gigi Bradford & Mr. Jim Stanford Mr. & Mrs. David G. Bradley Mr. & Mrs. I. Townsend Burden, III Mr. & Mrs. Peter J. Callahan William J. Camarinos Professor Carmen A. CasĂ­s Mr. Richard H. Cleva Mr. Edwin P. Conquest, Jr. Mr. Eric Cooper Ms. Harriet H. Davis Mr. John F. Downey Ms. Kristin L. Dukay Rose & John Eberhardt Dr. William E. Engel Professors Sheila ffolliott & Shepard Krech, III Nancy M. Folger & Sidney Werkman Mr. & Mrs. Bill Foulkes Carla & George Frampton Debbie Goldberg & Seth Waxman Mr. & Mrs. Kingdon Gould, Jr. Ms. Patricia J. Gray Ann Greer Dr. Martha Gross & Mr. Robert Tracy Dr. & Mrs. Werner L. Gundersheimer Dr. Elizabeth H. Hageman Mrs. O.B. Hardison, Jr. Martha Harris Florence & Peter D. Hart Dr. Peter I. Hartsock Mr. Joseph M. Hassett & Ms. Carol Melton John & Meg Hauge Ms. Karen L. Hawkins Mr. & Mrs. Keith B. Hennessey Ms. Anita G. Herrick

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Eric H. Hertting Mr. Michael J. Hirrel Mr. & Mrs. David H. Jones Sherman & Maureen Katz Ms. Caroline Kenney Ms. Maria L. Kocylowsky Mr. & Mrs. J. Ronald Langkamp Richard & Jane Levy Finlay & Wilda Lewis Mr. & Mrs. Robert Case Liotta David Lloyd, Realtor Mr. & Mrs. Jan Lodal Ms. Caroline Lopez Mr. & Ms. Michael & Nga Lopez Mr. & Mrs. Richard L. Lyon Mr. Thomas G. MacCracken Mr. Winton E. Matthews, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Gregory McBride Mr. Christopher McKee Ms. Barbara M. Meade Mr. Hilary B. Miller & Dr. Katherine N. Bent Dr. Barbara A. Mowat Mary Muromcew Dr. Rebeccah Kinnamon Neff Mr. & Mrs. Robert Nordhaus Timothy & Linda O’Neill Anne Parten & Philip Nelson Drs. Eldor & Judith Pederson Ms. Rebecca Penniman & Mr. Louis Wittenberg Dr. & Mrs. Joram Piatigorsky Earl & Carol Ravenal Mr. & Mrs. Trip Reid Ms. Lola Reinsch Mr. David Roberts & Dr. David Spencer Dr. Markley Roberts Howard & Melinda Rubin Lelia & Robert Russell John & Lynn Sachs Mr. & Mrs. K. Dudley Schadeberg Dr. Richard Schoch Christopher Schroeder & Alexandra Coburn Dr. Marianne Schuelein & Mr. Ralph M. Krause Dr. Lois Green Schwoerer Dr. James Shapiro Ms. Joy Shashy Joan Shorey Norman & Ellen Sinel James Baker Sitrick Shirley & Albert H. Small Ms. Ann L. Starkey Ms. Joanne M. Sten Dr. Ann Swann Mr. Leslie C. Taylor Mr. & Mrs. Tim Thornton Mr. Nigel Twose & Ms. Priscilla Annamanthodo Mrs. Eric Weinmann Gail Weinmann & Nathan Billig Mr. David Weisman Mr. Theron Westervelt Mr. Donald E. White & Ms. Betty W. Good-White Professor R L Widmann Philip & Tricia Winterer Beverly & Christopher With Mr. Douglas Wolfire

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Mr. & Mrs. Alan Wurtzel Laura Yerkovich & John Winkler

$500-$999 Anonymous Dr. Robert S. Adelstein & Mrs. Miriam A. Adelstein Dr. Peter J. Albert & Ms. Charlotte Mahoney Mrs. Jo Ellen Allen Mrs. Janet Baran & Mr. Mark LeVota Ms. Lisa U. Baskin Ms. Kyle Z. Bell & Mr. Alan G.R. Bell Mr. D. Jeffrey Benoliel & Mrs. Amy Branch Benoliel Drs. Robin & Clare Biswas Ms. Mary C. Blake Dr. Jean C. Bolan Mr. & Mrs. Richard Bott Dr. Mary H. Branton Mrs. Adrianne Brooks Kathleen Burger & Glen Gerada Ms. Maria Alexia Burke John Byrd & Lina Watson Mr. & Mrs. Lewis R. Cabe Ms. Diana Carl Mr. Wallace W. Chandler Mr. Todd Christofaro Mr. Charles W. Clark Leslie & Ray Clevenger Mr. Eli Cohen & Dr. Virginia Grace Cohen Dr. Anne Coldiron Mr. & Mrs. John J. Collins Ronald M. Costell, M.D. & Marsha E. Swiss Mr. & Ms. Robert W. Cover Mr. & Mrs. Warren J. Cox S. Cudiner Mr. & Mrs. David & Janice Curtin Dr. & Mrs. William Davis Mr. Steven des Jardins Ms. Dorothea W. Dickerman & Mr. Richard Kevin Becker Ms. Sheri Dillon Clark & Emilie Downs Mr. Craig G. Dunkerley & Ms. Patricia Haigh Mr. Steven H. Dunn Louise H. Engle Mr. Douglas H. Erwin & Dr. Wendy Wiswall Mrs. John G. Esswein Ms. Marietta Ethier Ms. Tracy Fisher Mr. Gregory Flowers Mr. Robert Fontenrose Mrs. Florence Bryan Fowlkes Mr. William V. Garetz Ms. Elizabeth H. Gemmill Jere Gibber & J.G. Harrington Ms. Michelle Gluck & Dr. Walter Smith Mr. & Mrs. Daniel L. Goelzer Dr. Nancy E. Gwinn & Dr. John Y. Cole John & Gail Harmon Dr. & Mrs. Robert M. Hazen Terrance & Noel Hefty June & George Higgins Mr. David H. Hofstad Mr. & Mrs. Richard W. Jackson

Mr. Kenneth Karmiole Ms. Linda Katcher Mr. & Mrs. David Kelly Mrs. Margot Kelly David & Anne Kendall Wendy & Robert Kenney Mr. & Mrs. James King Mr. & Mrs. George Koukourakis Col. Denny Lane & Ms. Naoko Aoki Mr. David W. Lankford Dr. Robert Lawshe Mr. Michael Lebovitz Dr. Carole Levin Lilly S. Lievsay Ms. Rachel M. Lilly Mr. Douglas T. Lwin Mr. & Mrs. Mark A. Mancini Ms. Catherine McClave Dr. Heather A. McPherson Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson Beverly J. Melani & Bruce E. Walker Ms. Kristie Miller & Mr. Thomas Hawkins Dr. & Mrs. Andy B. Molchon Mr. & Mrs. Geoffrey C. Morell Ms. Sheila A. Murphy Mr. Terence R. Murphy & Ms. Patricia A. Sherman Ted & Mary Eugenia Myer Ms. Essence Newhoff & Dr. Paul Gardullo Dr. & Mrs. Malcolm B. Niedner Mr. & Mrs. Dave Nurme Mr. & Mrs. Michael J. O’Connell Mr. Lee Oestreicher & Ms. Alejandra MirandaNaon Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Parr Ms. Sheila J. Peters Mr. & Mrs. Gary M. Peterson Mr. & Mrs. Carl F. Pfeiffer Ms. Julie Phillips Mr. & Mrs. Paul W. Phillips Dr. & Mrs. Warren S. Poland Mrs. Jacqueline L. Quillen Mrs. Donald Rappaport Ms. Shana Regon & Mr. Timothy O’Toole Gerd & Duncan Ritchie Mr. David Riz Mr. & Mrs. Albert L. Salter Ms. Tatiana Serafin & Mr. Mick A. Kalishman Prof. Barbara A. Shailor Ph.D & Mr. Harry W. Blair II Marilyn & Hugh South Mr. & Mrs. Thomas P. Stanley John & Alison Steadman Ms. Theresa A. Sullivan Dr. C. Jan Swearingen Ms. Marsha E. Swiss Mr. John M. Taylor Mrs. Mary Augusta Thomas & Mr. George Thomas Mr. & Mrs. J. R. Tonkel Ms. Kathryn M. Truex Mr. & Mrs. James T. Turner Mr. Scott F. Turow Mr. & Mrs. Robert F. Van Voorhees Mr. Christopher White Webster Ms. Carolyn L. Wheeler

Mr. & Mrs. Kevin B. Wilshere Mr. & Mrs. David A. Wilson Ms. Katherine Wyatt & Mr. Al Vasquez Dr. Robert G. Young

$250-$499 Anonymous Catherine N. Abrahams Ms. Monica Lynn Agree Mr. Thomas Ahern Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Charles T. Alexander Dr. Boris Allan & Ms. Kathleen L. Pomroy Mr. & Mrs. Douglas J. Alspach Ms. Jerrilyn V. Andrews & Mr. Donald E. Hesse Ms. Pamela Auerbach Ms. Doris E. Austin Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Bachmann Ms. Suzanne Bakshian & Mr. Vincent A. Chiappinelli Bess & Greg Ballentine Mr. Seymour Barasch Mr. & Mrs. David B. Barefoot Ms. Christina Baumel Mr. & Mrs. David M. Beckmann Mr. & Mrs. Robert F. Benson Mr. Kirke Bent Dr. James E. Bernhardt & Ms. Beth C. Bernhardt Ms. Katherine A. Berry Mr. Michael C. Blaugrund Mr. James L. Blum Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Bochner Professor Jackson Campbell Boswell & Mrs. Ann C. Boswell Ms. Gail S. Bower Ms. Gwen W. Brewer Mr. & Mrs. John R. Brinkema Capt. & Mrs. John Brownell Dr. James C. Bulman Colonel & Mrs. Lance J. Burton Dr. Rebecca Weld Bushnell & Mr. John David Toner Professor Charles Butterworth Ms. Karen Canova Dr. & Mrs. Kent Cartwright Colonel & Mrs. Larry M. Cereghino Dr. Morris J. Chalick Mr. John Chester Linda & John Cogdill Mr. Eli A. Cohen Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey Cohen Mr. & Mrs. William D. Coleman Mr. & Mrs. Gary R. Correll Dr. John Cox & Dr. Lo-Ann Nguyen-Cox James & Ann Coyle Ms. D. Elizabeth Crompton Ms. Christina C. Daub Mr. Daniel De Simone & Ms. Angela Scott Dr. Janice F. Delaney Mr. & Mrs. Paul Denig Mr. Robin L. Dennis Mr. & Mrs. Robert F. Dodds Ms. Colleen Dougherty Ms. Frances G. Durako Mr. & Mrs. Charles L. Eater Mr. & Mrs. Michael Eig

Dr. Robert J. Fehrenbach Ms. Susan Feinberg & Mr. John Popham Mr. & Mrs. Charles Fendig Melody & Albert Fetske Mr. & Mrs. Camden Fine Anne & Lucas Fischer Ms. Laurie Fletcher & Dr. Allan Fraser Mr. John FranzĂŠn Mr. Roland M. Frye, Jr. & Ms. Susan M. Pettey Mrs. Joanne Garris Ms. Nancy C. Garrison Mr. Mark Gilkey Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Mr. Lawrence J. Goffney, Jr. & Dr. Betty J. Forman Mr. Gregg H.S. Golden Mr. James Robert Golden Mr. & Mrs. Michael Goldstein Ms. Ann V. Gordon & Mr. Martin Singer Professors Suzanne & Philip Gossett Mr. & Mrs. Michael C. Grace Mr. John E. Graves, RIA & Ms. Hanh Phan Dr. Sayre N. Greenfield & Professor Linda V. Troost Neal & Janice Gregory Janet & Christopher Griffin Dr. & Mrs. Joseph R. Guerci Mr. & Mrs. C. David Gustafson Mr. & Mrs. Donald B. Haller Col. Wesley P. Hallman & Dr. Silvana RubinoHallman Margaret & David Hannay Dr. Susan R. Haynes & Dr. Carl C. Baker Ms. Barbara W. Hazelett Mr. Robert Hebda Mrs. Anthony E. Hecht Dr. Heather A. Hirschfeld & Prof. Anthony Welch Dr. Dee Ann Holisky Dr. Mack P. Holt Dr. Henry Ridgely Horsey Ms. Elizabeth M. Janthey Mr. Herbert A. Johnson Dr. Candace Katz & Mr. Hadrian R. Katz Ms. Mary E. Kelly Christopher Kendall & Susan Schilperoort Mr. Joseph P. Kerr & Dr. Andrea M. Kerr Mr. Robert L. Kimmins Ms. Lynne Myers Klimmer Mr. Michael Kolakowski Dr. Natasha Korda Kim & Elizabeth Kowalewski Mr. Richard Krasnow Mr. Michael Laird Dr. David R. Lampe David Larch & Deborah Roudebush Drs. Douglas & Janet Laube Ms. Susan Lee & Mr. Stephen Saltzberg Mr. & Mrs. Terry Lenzner Mr. & Mrs. Marc Levinson Mr. & Mrs. Roger N. Levy Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence H. Liden

Mr. Roy Lind Dr. Frances Litrenta Mr. & Mrs. Peter Lockwood Mr. Joseph Loewenstein & Ms. C. Lynne Tatlock Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Lotterman Mr. & Mrs. David J. Lundsten Dr. Kathleen Lynch & Mr. John C. Blaney Mr. & Mrs. Timothy Lynch Mr. William F. Maher, Jr. & Ms. Michelle M. Berberet Dr. Deborah L. Malkovich & Dr. William Freimuth Mr. & Mrs. Martin C. Mangold Ms. Allison Mankin & Dr. Jim Carton Dr. Kevin B. Marvel Mr. & Mrs. James W. McBride Mr. Patrick J. McGraw Mr. Steven J. Metalitz & Ms. Kit J. Gage Ms. Linda S. Moore Mr. Gerald J. Morris Mr. Jeffery Moser Ms. Melissa Moye & Mr. Joel Starr Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey Myers Dr. & Mrs. Alan Nelson Ms. Martha Newman Mr. Mike Newton & Dr. Linda Werling Ms. Diane Ney Mr. John F. Niemeyer & Mrs. Mary Frances Niemeyer Ms. Alice L. Norris Ms. Laurie E. Osborne Mr. & Mrs. Ernest T. Oskin Mr. & Mrs. David M. Osnos Dr. Betty Ann Ottinger Mr. Henry Otto Ms. Patricia J. Overmeyer Dr. Jessie Ann Owens Mr. & Mrs. Larry D. Palmer Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Park Dr. Michael P. Parker Mrs. Margaret Bouslough Parsons Ms. Barbara A. Patocka Mr. & Mrs. Kevin L. Pearson Linda Levy Peck Drs. Maria T. & Thomas A. Prendergast Mr. Woodruff M. Price Ms. Gerit Ann Quealy Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Quinn Ms. Barbara Racine Mr. Robert E. Ramsey & Ms. Elizabeth Brown Mr. & Mrs. Erik M. Rasmussen Mr. Leon S. Reed & Ms. Lois S. Lembo Dr. Joshua S. Reid Mr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Reynolds Ms. Jennifer Richards Mr. Christopher J. Robey Winnie & Alexander Robinson Ellen & Richard Rodin Ms. Emily Rose & Mr. James H. Marrow Miss Rhonda Rose

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Mr. Leslie Rosenbaum & Ms. Debra Derickson Mrs. Betty Sams Ms. Janet A. Sanderson Mr. Thomas Glenn Saunders Mr. Kurt R. Schwarz & Ms. Patsy G. Kennan Mr. D. Stanton Sechler Professor & Mrs. Mortimer Sellers Dr. Sherry Wood Shuman & Mr. Philip B. Shuman Mr. Paul M. Siegel Kay & George Simmons Mr. Joseph L. Smith & Ms. Cheryl S. Roesel Ms. Phyllis Smith Ms. Rose Solari & Mr. James Patterson Ms. Cathleen Ann Steg & Mr. Schuyler E. Schell Mr. Daniel Steiner Mr. Carl Wesley Stephens & Ms. Catherine L. Moore Ms. Margaret Sulvetta Dr. Deborah F. Tannen & Dr. Michael Macovski Mr. & Mrs. John V. Thomas Mr. & Mrs. Grant P. Thompson Mr. Anand Trivedi Mr. & Mrs. James C. Tsang Mr. George S. Tulloch Mr. & Mrs. Stephen M. Vajs Dr. Arina van Breda Drs. Alden & Virginia Vaughan Dr. & Mrs. Peter J. Ventimiglia Mr. Eliot A. Wadsworth Dr. Barbara A. Wanchisen Ms. Patricia A. Webster Dr. & Mrs. John R. Wennersten Ms. Marice C. Werth & Mr. Peter Dodson Ms. Dorothy B. Wexler Mr. James E. Whittaker Sandy & Jon Willen Gary & Josephine Williams Mr. & Mrs. Roy L. Williams Dr. Duncan Wu Mr. & Mrs. Alan S. Wyatt Mr. Daniel Yabut Dr. Georgianna Ziegler

$100-$249 Additional support for the Folger Consort received between Oct. 1, 2014 and Sept. 30, 2015 Mr. Henry Barton Drs. Elizabeth & Michael Biernoff Dr. & Mrs. David W. Blois Dr. Joanne Bollhofer-White & Mr. Douglas W. White Mr. Tom Brock & Mr. Bill Sawyer Chris Brown & Mary Rollefson Mr. & Mrs. Leigh Buckner Ms. Katheryn L. Cranford Mr. & Mrs. Robert P. Donaldson Mr. & Mrs. Emerson J. Elliott Mr. & Mrs. Francis M. Garrison Mr. Bruce N. Gregory & Ms. Paula Causey Ms. Rebecca Jensen & Mr. Chris Biemesderfer

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Mr. & Mrs. Gregg Kampschroeder Ms. Sara W. Kane Dr. Arthur B. Kennickell The Honorable & Mrs. Charles F. Lettow Mr. & Mrs. Thomas E. Lipe Mr. Jack Lord & Mrs. Barbara Deal Mr. John Makepeace & Mr. Vladimir Poletaev Ms. Susan McNabb & Mr. Brent Hillman Mr. Barry Moyer Dr. Klaus Nehring Mr. & Mrs. Phillip G. Nelson Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. O’Sullivan Ms. Betsy Sanford Mr. Eugene Schied Ms. Ann Imlah Schneider Mr. & Mrs. John L. Sibert Dr. Donna Sieckmann & Mr. Neale Ainsfield Mr. & Mrs. David S. Simons Professor Richard E. Spear & Professor Athena Tacha Ms. Elizabeth Stanford Dr. Nancy Eve Thomas & Mr. Nick Olmos-Lau Mr. Rodney M. Thomas Mr. & Mrs. Warren Dean Thrasher Mr. & Mrs. Richard K. Von Seelen Drs. Betsy & Alkinoos Vourlekis Mr. Ronald E. Wagner & Dr. Ruth Scogna Wagner Ann & Mark Walbridge Ms. Betsy L. Wolf Mr. Christopher A. Yim

The First Folio Society The list below includes all friends who have included the Folger Shakespeare Library in their estate plans through a will commitment, a life income gift, or a beneficiary designation in a life insurance policy or retirement plan.

Anonymous (2) Professor Judith H. Anderson Ms. Doris E. Austin Dr. Carol Barton Ms. Mary Cole The Honorable Esther Coopersmith Dr. Elizabeth L. Eisenstein Wendy Frieman & David Johnson Dr. Elise Goodman (bequest will be in memory of Elise Goodman & Rolf Soellner) Mrs. Karen Gundersheimer Dr. Werner L. Gundersheimer Dr. Elizabeth H. Hageman Dr. Jay L. Halio Catherine Held Eric H. Hertting Mr. Michael J. Hirrel Dr. Dee Ann Holisky Ms. Deidre Holmes DuBois & Mr. Christopher E. DuBois Ms. Elizabeth J. Hunt Maxine Isaacs

Mrs. Robert J.T. Joy Dr. Elizabeth T. Kennan Karl K. & Carrol Benner Kindel Professor John N. King Pauline G. King Merwin Kliman Professor Barbara Kreps Dr. Carole Levin Lilly S. Lievsay Dr. Nancy Klein Maguire Pam McFarland & Brian Hagenbuch Mr. Gene B. Mercer Professor H. C. Erik Midelfort & Ms. Anne L. McKeithen Roger & Robin Millay Dr. Barbara A. Mowat Ms. Sheila A. Murphy Herman J. Obermayer Gail Kern Paster Linda Levy Peck Dr. Sylvia Holton Peterson Professor Kristen Poole Professor Anne Lake Prescott Dr. Mark Rankin Dr. Markley Roberts Dr. Richard Schoch Mrs. S. Schoenbaum Lisa Schroeter Dr. Lois Green Schwoerer Mr. Theodore Sedgwick Albert H. Small Drs. Alden & Virginia Vaughan Mr. William McC. Vickery Barbara Wainscott Dr. Barbara A. Wanchisen Dr. Richard M. Waugaman, M.D. & Elisabeth P. Waugaman, Ph.D. Professor R L Widmann The Honorable Karen Hastie Williams Dr. Georgianna Ziegler Every effort has been made to ensure that this list of donors is correct. If your name is misspelled or omitted, please accept our sincere apologies and inform the Development Office at 202.675.0321.

FOLGER SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY

Home to the world’s largest Shakespeare collection, the Folger Shakespeare Library is a worldrenowned center for scholarship, learning, culture, and the arts. The library—a gift to the American people from industrialist Henry Clay Folger and his wife Emily Jordan Folger— opened in 1932.

Inspired by an Emerson lecture, Mr. Folger bought his first work by Shakespeare while a student at Amherst College. Mrs. Folger shared his passion, and the couple devoted themselves and their means to gathering thousands of books about Shakespeare and his times. They chose to build their library in the nation’s capital, as Mrs. Folger explained, because Shakespeare is “one of the wells from which we Americans draw our national thought, our faith, and our hope.”

The building, designed by Paul Phillipe Cret with consulting architect Alexander Trowbridge, is on the National Register of Historic Places.

The exterior is strikingly Art Deco with bas-reliefs depicting scenes from favorite Shakespearean plays. The interior is appropriately Tudor-Stuart in flavor, from the majestic Exhibition Hall to the intimate 250-seat Elizabethan Theatre.

Through its extraordinary collection, which extends beyond Shakespeare to include the whole of

the early modern period (1500– 1750), the Folger Shakespeare Library is an internationally recognized research library offering advanced scholarly programs in the humanities; an innovator in the conservation of rare materials; a national leader in humanities education for grades K– 12; and an award-winning producer of cultural and arts programs—Folger Theatre, Folger Consort, O.B. Hardison Poetry Series, PEN/Faulkner fiction series—which connect broader audiences to its collections and support the living legacy of Shakespeare in contemporary life.

201 East Capitol Street, SE Washington, DC 20003

202.544.7077 folger.edu

Monday–Saturday, 10am–5pm Sunday, 12–5pm Extended hours Fridays until 8pm

Building Tour Monday–Saturday, 11am, 1pm & 3pm Sunday, 12pm & 3pm

Reading Rooms Tour Saturday at 12pm; reserve in advance at tours@folger.edu

Gift Shop Hours Tuesday–Saturday, 12–5pm

JOIN US! January 22-23 At Washington National Cathedral

THE WONDER OF WILL Early and New Music Celebrating Shakespeare

Songs and dances from Shakespeare,

music by his contemporaries Dowland and Byrd, and work by acclaimed modern composer Nico Muhly, featuring vocal ensemble Stile Antico. vocal ensemble STILE ANTICO

March 18-20

PLAYING WITH FIRE

Virtuoso Instrumental Music of the Renaissance

Remarkable fantasias, dances, and

virtuoso diminutions from Renaissance Italy, Spain, France, and England— plus, lively country dances and tunes from Shakespeare’s plays.

April 8-10

SHAKESPEARE AND PURCELL Music of The Fairy Queen and Other Works

Songs, choruses, and instrumental

music of Purcell’s Fairy Queen, along with other memorable settings of Shakespeare by Purcell.

See wonderofwill.folger.edu

Tickets On Sale Now folger.edu/consort 202.544.7077