MAKE)l;OHCKA AKA.n;EMHJA HA HAYKMTE H YMETHOCTHTE
EAa*e
PHCTOBCKH
fopfHJA M. nYAEBCKH MEfHIIK
BO HAIIIATA KYATYPHO-HAl\IIOHAAHA IICTOPIIJA
CKOIIJE
1996
MAKE,lJ;OHCKA AKA,lJ;EMMJA HA HAYKMTE M YMETHOCTMTE
Bnasce PHCTOBCKH " " rOprHJA M. IlynEBCKH
MEtHHK BO HAIIIATA KYJITYPHO-HAIJ;HOHAJIHA HCTOPHJA CBEQEH COEI1P ITO ITOBO,ll; CTOrO,ll;I1IIIHI1H HA rOprI1JA
M. ITYJIEBCKI1, O,ll;P)l(AH
CKOnJE
1996
MEtIIHK
rOprHJA M. n v JIEBCKH BO HAmATA KYJITYPHO-HAUHOHAJII-IA no nOBO)]. crorO)].HmHHHA
HCTOPHJA
TA 0)]. CMPTTA
(1895-1995)
TOqHO npen ertno cronerae, BO jYHH 1895 ronnaa, KaKO eMHrpaHT BO na CKOPO 80-rop;HlUHa B03paCT, OTKaKO rH saspma H ra npenmua 06eMHHTe paKonHcH "CJlaBgHCKO-MaKhep;oHcKa omrrra HCTOPug" H ,,5huqH~a", 6ecrnYMHo 6erne acnparen aa CTapHTe CO<pHCKHrp06HlUTa eneu op; najsaa-rajaare, HO HCToBpeMeHo H enea on HajMaJIKY n03HaTHTe p;ejqu BO peaonyuaoaepnara H KYJlrypHo-HaquoHaJIHaTa acropaja na Maxenonnja on XIX BeK - 3HaMeHHTHOT MerHHK Mefy nae cynooaocaa enOXH Topraja M. IlYJleBcKH. H no neaecxa HH rp060T My ro aaaesre HH nOTOM[(HTe My ra npoaajnoave. A OCTaBH nnajua CHHOBH H naa BHYKa op; 3aKJIaHaTa cecrpa ... 1 Ep;HHCTBeHOTO OCHOBHOYQHJlHlUTe urro ro aoceme HerOBOTO HMe HCQe3Ha saemro co HerOBOTO POP;HOaexoram ,,rOJleMO ceno" raJIuqHHK. Floxorreanja BOCnHTaHHqu aa MaKep;OHCKHTe OCHOBHHH cpenna YQHJIHlUTa ro sanosomja casto HerOBOTO HMe, a sa pe30HOT aa YHHBep3HTeTCKaTa enara CH OCTaHa npeuaory aeyx sanap aa na ce aajne BO nporpasnrre aa <llHJI030<pCKHOT H <llHJIOJlOrnKHOT <paKYJlTeT BO npeCTOJlHHHaTa na npscanara aa xoja BJlO)KH ce urro HMarne. ,lJ;YPH H ronnaare aa pararsero H aa CMpTTa ceyurre pa3J1HQHO My ce naurynaar", a OMeJlHH up;OJlOnOKJIOHH[(HH Bo06pa3eHH KOMnHJIaTOpH
Byrapaja,
1 .IJ:.pE JI a lK e PH CT 0 B CK H, Tlopiiipeiiiu u iipoueca 00 uaxeooncxaiiia nuiiiepaiiiypa uciilopuja, ITpHJl03H aa pa3BHTOKOT na MaKe}:lOHCKaTaKYJlrypHO'Hal\HOH3JlHa MHCJla,I. ITopTpeTH on MaKe}:lOHCKaTanareparypaa H Hal\HOH3JlHaacropaja, .Kyrrrypa", Cxonje, 1989,254-289.
u /U11jU0/U1A/U1
2 rO}:lHHHTena paraa.ero H na cvp'rra 1838 H 1894 WTO ra nane E JI a lK e K 0 H e C K H Y'le6uul{u 00 19 ee« - Eoeu iipuno i KOU uciuopujaiua /U1 uaxeooncxatua iipepootia, 113}:1aBarJlaBHHOT ontiop ua Hap. ¢pOHT ua Maxenoaaja, I1CTopHcKa 6H6J1HOTeKa- 1, Cxonje, 1949, frJ), csepen reo p r H T P a it 'I e B 'b, Knuia 3a MUJll{uiilb (Hcropaxo-reorpadicxa osepx-s), CO¢HlI, 1941, 42, He ce TO'!HH H cexaxo rperia na ce nparparar KaKO ronaaa aa (MaKeooucKuiile
5
ceyurre He caxaar Aa MY ja rro-nrryaaar HH nOCJIeAHaTa JIerHTHMHa }l(eJI6a HMeTO na MY OCTaHe aa nOKOJIeHHjaTa BO HapOACKaTa ¢opMa Topiuja", KaKO mTO ce nOTITHmYBame BO CBOHTe nOCJIeAHH MaKeAOHCKH KHHrH H paKOITHCH. Bo npaara H ¢YHAaMeHTaJIHa xparxa xoaorparpcxa CTYAHja OA 1949 rOAHHa aa roram MJIaAHOT H ceCTpaH ncrpascyaax Bnasce KOHecKH ,,MaKeAoHHCToT Topra (Topro) IlYJIeBcKH'''' ynrre aa nOqeTOKOT ce onpenenysa HerOBOTO MeCTO BO ITJIejaAaTa aa "yqe6HHKapHTe",
HO H BO acropajara
aa MaKeAoHCKaTa HaQHOHaJIHa MHCJIa, HCTaKHYBajKH nexa "e sa Hac AaJIeKY nOBa}l(HO" mTO IlYJICBCKH e "eAHHCTBeH nocera n03HaT Ham qOBeK mTO ycnean nexarao
na HM nane H3pa3 aa HAeHTe OA MaKeAOHHCTHTe"S. Toj, BeJIH aa
xpajor KOHeCKH, KaKO "pa36YAeH caMOYK, qOBeK OA HapOAOT", CTaHYBa .aroaerrocpenen H3pa3HTeJI aa MHCJIHTe H CTpeMe}I(HTe aa HapOAHHTe HH1HHH, OAomTO HeKOH ToramHH nama HHTeJIeKryaJIQH mTO BO nOMaJIa HJIH rroroneMa Mepa cenax norrrarane nOA ryro BJIHjaHHe". 3amTO, IlYJIeBcKH "co CBOjOT SHAapCKH yM" H3pa3H ,,HemTO nOBHCOKO", 6HAejKH, 3aKJIyqYBa Bnasce KOHeCKH, ,,60p6eHaTa CBeCT BO aaunrre mHpOKH HapOAHH MacH nopacna. H He cauo mTO ro H3AHrHa rJIaCOT sa caMOCToeH MaKeAoHCKH mrreparypea ja1HK, aa MaKeAOHCKa caMoCTojHOCT, aMH TOj cofipa H csoja APY}l(HHa Aa ce 60pH sa HAeaJIOT mTO ro nporroaenanre - aa MaKeAoHCKa CJI060Aa,,6. ETe sar'oa H T.H. MaKeAOHCKH aaysen HHCTHryT BO CO¢Hja BO npBHOT TOM OA qeTHpHToMHOTO H3AaHHe ,}IaQHoHaJIHO-OCB060AHTeJIHOTO ABH}I(eHHe aa MaKeAoHcKHTe H TPaKHHcKHTe 6'bJIrapH 1878-1994" aa rrpso MeCTO Mety HOCHTeJIHTe aa ,,MaKeAOHCKIDIT aHTH6'bJIrapH3'bM" (urro HMaJI uen ,,060c06slBaHe na aHTH6'bJIrapCKa OCHOBana MaKeAoHIDI") ra rrocrasysa TOKMY toptHja IlYJIeBcKH H BeHHjaMHH MaqYKoBcKH7 , nyrero sa KOH xaj Hac He e H3pa60TeHa nary enna nOCOJIHAHaMOHorpa¢CKa CTYAHja.
1. Koj e BcymHoCT caMOYKHOT raJIHqKH SHAap H nenanfiap, KOMHTa H peBOJIYQHOHep, sojaona H rroer, yqe6HHKap H ¢OJIKJIOpHCT, JIeKCHKOrpa¢ H rpaMaTHqap, HCTOpHqap H HAeOJIor aa paHHOT MaKeAoHCKH KYJIrypHo-Ha~HOpararsero xpajor na 1817 PH
C T 0 B C K H, QHT.l\enO, 3 I1MeTo
e
231-253
aarnnuaao
H
4 En
a lK e
K
y'le6HHQH
19
S Ha
HCTOTO MeCTo,
87.
HCTOTO MeCTO,
96 (97).
6
iiloMa. Co¢HlI,
MeCTa
ua
cMpTTa
H3I\aHHe,
asnauajara
80
paxonaca
neno, 87-96;
HaI{UONOAHO-OC606oouiileAHoiilo
60Aiapu 1878-1944 6 'leiilupu 60AlapcKaiiia NOI{UR 1878-1893,
pa3HH
BO HerOBHTe
BeK. BTOpO
6 Ha 7
sa
pa3nH'IHO
0 H e C K H, QHT. 01\
H KaKO ronana
1895 (Il-p
E
Be.nrpan
H
n
a lK e
287).
Dop~e, Toeopiuu, Teopiu, HO oc06eHO CTOH: TbOPlbUR, Teopiuun.
MaKel\OHCKHTe
na 1818
HnH nO'leTOKOT
H C THO
I1HI1,
H nHCMa
T, KOH
BO
OJ\ nocnenanre
uatceooucxaiiia
50p6u
rOj\HHH
upepootia,
Cxonje, 1959, 87-97.
06u:HCeHUe NO uaxeooncxuiue
TOM rrspsa. 1994,20.
Codiaja:
U iiipaxuiicxuiiie
3a 3aUa36aHe NO eouuciiieoiiio
NO
HaJIeH pa3BI{TOK toptl{ja TIyneBCKI{? Koj e npeTXOAHUKOT aa MI{CHPKOB I{ qynoBCKI{, na PaU;I{H I{ Banuapos, HO I{CTOBpeMeHO I{ na Ilenses I{ ~IeHTo?
Topraja M. TIyneBcKH BO nexesmpn 1882 rOAHHa OMaJI 65 rOAHHI{8 3Ha'll{ nexa e pOAeH nexane KOH xpajor aa 1817 I{nl{ nO'leTOKOT na 1818 rOAHHa. CaMI{OT ce nexnapapa nexa e no HaQHOHaJIHOCT Maxeooueu; no rrporpecaja KHUJlCeBHUK, no <pYHKQHja "lieiUoBOOel1 sa ocnorionyaatsero na aamara TaTKoBHHa,,9, HO KOj, cnopen eAHO "CBugeTenCTBO" na CO<pHCKaTa rpancxa ormrraaa OA 26 MapT 1883 rOAHHa, e ,,)KeHeT, HMa conpyra na 45 rOAI{HH, nsajua CHHOBI{Ha 15 H aa 10 rOAHHH H nne neua, MOM'IUlba, OCTaHaTH Cl{patlUlba OA cecrpa MY, na 6 H aa 4 rOAHHH, I{ CUTe ja O'leKYBaaT H3AplllKaTa OA Hero; nOABIDKeH I{ HenoABIDKeH OMOT HeMa I{ ce aaora BO MOlllHe 6eAHa cocrojtia"'". A CaMI{OT BO enaa on Mon6UTe xascysa nexa ,,no 35-roAHlllHo apeue sa onurrorronesna patiora", na CBOI{ 65 rOAHHH, e OCTaHaT 6e3 eneMeHTapHH cpeACTBa sa )I(uBeelbe BO Corpnja". nrro
Mourne CKYAHHH aecarypan ce AOCTanHUTe nOAaTOQH sa )l(HBOTOT I{ nejnocra aa TIyneBcKH AO 60-TUTe rOAHHI{. TIpeKY sanapcxare MajCTopl{ H KaJI<pl{, MO)l(e61{ I{ co nocpencrso na EurOPCKI{OT MaHaCTl{p12, ra 3an03HaJI 6YKBUTe; rrpexy naponaara TPaAUQHja ro OC03HaBaJI MHHaTOTO, a co TaTKOBI{OT saaaer ce Hamon BO POMaHHja I{ rroroa BO Cp6Hja13.
Ynrre Bepojarno He
MnaA Toprnja 61{n BAaJ(HOBeH oA ocn060AI{TenHaTa MI{Cna. OCTaHaJI HaCTPaHa I{ OA aJI6aHCKI{Te BOCTaHl{'lKH p;BIDKelba BO 1845-1846 rOAI{Ha. Ho co cl{rypHoCT ce anae nexa no rrperpprryaau.ero BO Cponja, xora cpncKHoT KHe3 ce o6Hp;e BO Berrrpan na c03AaAe neirrap ,,3a ocnooonysaa,e I{ 06eAI{HYBalbe" aa jY)l(HUTe npaBOCnaBHI{ CnOBeHI{ na 'leno co Cprinja, xora MH03HHa Byrapa I{ MaKeAOHQH, KaKO ep;HHCTBeHH npanocnasan CnoBeHH BO rpaHHQHTe aa roramaa TYPU;l{ja, opranmapaa cneuajaJIHH BoeHH eAI{HHQI{ aa npercrojaare 6op61{ co BeKOBHHOT rropofiyaan, BO 1862-1863 rOAHHa (xora TYPCKHOT rapHH30H on Benrpancxara TBpp;HHa ro 60M6apP;l{pa rpanor I{ HaCTaHa opY)l(eH cYP;I{P co oncana na TBpp;HHaTa), saenno co 'IeTaTa aa I1JbO MaJIemeBCKH BO 60p6HTe y'leCTBYBa I{ ,,nPBHOT HapeAHI{K H;anorrroaepcxa sera" Toprnja TIyneBcKI{14 . 8
Il-p E
n a lK e PH e T 0 B e K H, Tlopiiipeiiiu
U
iipouecu.
.., !,273.
9 Ha HCTOTOMeCTO, 272-273. 10
Ha HCTOTOMeCTO, 277.
11
Ha HCTOTOMeCTO, 273.
IT e r a p q a K a p, H06U oiiocpuiuuja iio cnyua] 75-z00UWHUIUlITw 00 cMpl7Hua IUl Tly neecxu: Muja-ocu suoap - uajeuoen MaKeOOHuciU-Y<ie6HUKap, "HOBa Maxenoaaja", 25. VIII 1969, 10 - 4. IX 1969, 10; I' eo p r H T P a II lj e s », ~HT.lleno, 42; TOMO CMHJbaHHnE p a II H H a, Dopoe M. Tly.meecxu (Mujax TaAU<iKu), ,,JylKHH npernen", I, 2-3, CKOnJbe, 1927, 62; Ilp. X. IT one H a K 0 B H h, Mujauxu nexcuxoipaxp Dopoe M. Tlynseecxu; .Tnac Jyra", CKOnJbe, EOlKHn 1941,31. 12
topiu
13 T o,t;I 0 C M H Jb a H H n - 6 P a II H H a, ~HT. npHnor, 62. 14 ApXHB Cpfinje, Beorpan
(HaTaMY: AC),
MITe-IT, XII, 601, 1872.
7
IIo aKTHBHOTO yqeCTBO BO 6eJIrpap;CKHTe JIerHH H no 06pa3YBalheTO aa Byrapcxara ersapxaja (1870) mTO no-myna opranasapaao H 03aKOHeTO na npop;Hpa BO QPKBaTa H npocserara BO Maxenoaaja, npeseuajxa rH H QPKOBHo-yqHJIHmHHTe onmTHHH H JIeraJIH3HpajKH ja csojara HaQHOHaJIHa nporraraana BO EBpOnCKa TYPQHja, Topraja IIYJIeBCKH TPrHa aa enao nononro HCTPa)l()'BaqKO narysatse no CKonCKO, TeTOBCKO H KHqeBCKO. Toj BOP;HceKaKBH pasronopa (na p;ypH H co npH3peHcKHOT nama), ja rrpoy-ryaa (no nOp;OJIrOTO OTCYCTBO)cocrojfiara BO TaTKOBHHaTa H YCHJIeHO cofiapa P;HjaJIeKTOJIOmKH, npen ce JIeKCHqKH H ernorparpcxa MaTepHjaJIH, HO ro COHnnpa H CTeneHOT aa pa3BHTOKOT aa OCJI060p;HTeJIHaTa H HaQHOHaJIHaTa CBeCT aa HapOp;HHTe HH3HHH - na =apurajara, 3aHaeTqHHTe, c~emTeHHQHTe, ysaTeJIHTe H ceJIaHHTe mTO noroa 06HJIHO ra aaoraxe H BO nonrare cnacona na npeTllJIaTHHQHTe HJIH cpHHaHCHepHTe aa HerOBHTe KHHrH. Hnejara sa C03p;aBalhe peqHHQH HJIH pa3rOBOpHHQH, BeJIH caMHOT BO ep;Ho nHCMO op; 20 nexesmpa 1872 ronnaa, p;a ro npeseste OBOj snaxaea nor-par My ja p;aJIa TOKMy nOJIO)K6aTa BO xojanrro ro BH)J;eJIMaKep;OHCKHOTaapon, 3amTO, nemr, "CMe OCTaHaTH KaKO neua capasua,a mTO HeMaaT TaTKO na ra yqH H na ra rroy-tyna, 'ryxy KaKO saaecenn H He 3HaejKH mTO e nOTPe6HO na 3HaaT, a HeMajKH H3BOPH aa saaea,e, aajnpocaereaare ce 3aHHMaBaaT casto co 'IHTalhe QPKOBHH KHHrH,,15. 11 6Hp;ejKH BH)J;eJI KaKO cpncxara anana acrrpaxa BO
Maxenoaaja
"yqHJIHmHH KHHrH H ypenoa", KOH, KaKO cTPaHcKH, 6HJIe nOp;JIO)KYBaHHaa crpora ueasypa, na H 3allJIeHyBaHH on Hap;JIe)KHHTe ryPCKH BJIaCTH HJIH nax HM 6HJIe ace-rysaaa CTPaHHQHTe .xane mTO ce 360pyBa sa HCTOPHCKHpasjacayaaa.a'', nyrero He MO)KeJIe na rH KopHCTaT BO npocserara H "ce CBpTeJIe BO aapexjero na ce nooyrapyaaar", HaKO, BeJIH, ,,HHBHHOT H3rOBOp HeMa HH CMHCJIana ce Byrapa?", Eo cnOMHaTOTO IrnCMO P;OMHHHCTepCTBOTO aa npocaera aa Cpfiaja, npennarajxa ro aa nexarea.e CBOjOT rrpa peqHHK, IIYJIeBCKH aasenyaa: .Jac, OTKaKO ja pasrnenaa cocrojfiara na pa60THTe H pa3MHCJIHB KaKO THe nyre na ce 06pHaT KOH CBOjOT MajqHH ja3HK, na ce 3an03HaaT ceoeca H csojara Hapop;HOCT, ja aanmnaa osaa KHHra on noaexe ja3HQH, cnopen nOTPe6aTa, KaKO mTO Ke nOKa)KaT onne BO npHJIOr nsere MOJI6H ynarena P;O CJIaBHOTO MHHHcTepcTBo". Eo npanor ro p;OCTanysa ,,3a pasmenyaaise" CBOjOT ,,PeqHHK on sernpa jesnxa" saenao co npenopaxare op; II. CpeKKoBHK H M. MHJIOeBHK, co MOJI6a ,,3a paxorrouom" sa na MO)Ke npennosceaara KHHra ,,Aaja nesara H aa CBeT na ja H3p;ap;e,,17.
Haxo IIYJIeBCKH ce 06Hp;eJI na ja HCKOPHCTHcosnaneaara nOJIHTH'IKa KOHjYHKrypa BO aexe H3pa3eHHoT CTPeMe)K aa cpncxara nnana sa nponop KOH jyr, yurre aa 23 p;eKeMBpH My e onrosopeao nexa ,,Ap)KaBaTa BaKBH pa60TH He MO)Ke p;a nexara 15 Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO.
16 Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO.
17 Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO;
Flpapenao lip. KriHMeHT
8
aa csoja
CMeTKa" H My e sparea
paKonHCOT co
Fpaha sa uctiiopujy MaKeOO/lCKol uapooa U3 Apxuea T. III, Klh. I (1868-1873), Beorpan, 1983, 358-359.
UaM6a30BcKH,
Cp6uje.
npenopaxrrre'". Ho Topraja ro HMaIIIe npa paxa yqe6HHKOT rro reorparpaja sa cpeninrre yqHJIHIIITa (1871) OA yrJIeAHHOT nporpecop JOBaH ,UparaIIIeBHK, xane IIITO MaKeAOHQHTe ce TPeTHpaaT KaKO najcrap aapon aa EaJIKaHOT, a MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK KaKO rroce6eH H pa3JIHqe~ OA cprrcKHoT H OA 6yrapCKHOTja3HK19 , rra 6eIIIe H3HeHaAeH OA onrosopor na MHHHCTepCTBoTo. He3aAOBOJIeH OA TaKBHOT OAHOC,TOj na rrOqeTOKOT aa 1873 rOAHHa My ro rrOAHeJI paKOIlHCOT H aa MHHHCTepCTBOTO sa HaABopeIIIHH pa60TH aa Cpfiaja. OBa HaBHCTHHa ce CorJIaCHJIO na ro aanesara, HO non YCJIOB ,,r. r. EOIIIKOBHK H MHJIOeBHK na ro npepafiorar BO AorOBOp co cnouaaraor toprH,,20. ,,Ho - caenosar na 2 HoeMBpH 1974 rOAHHa n. CpeKKoBHK H M. C. MHJIOeBHK - AOAeKa ce peIIIaBaIIIe paoorara, Topraja CH aaora HeKOJIQHHa CBOH sessjana IIITO MY ro H3AaAoa AeJIOTO aa csoja CMeTKa H TOj CH ro pacryPH rro Crapa Cp6Hja.'<21
M HaBHCTHHa, non HaCJIOBOT aa KHHraTa e HaBeAeHO nexa nesarersero My ro IlJIaTHJIe HerOBHTe 3eMjawr OA eCHacpCKHOT CTaJIe)l( ,,<I>HJIHIl A. CTerraHOCKH, MajCTop Tep3HCKH OA CeJIJ~e" H "CTaMaT AHApejeBHK, MajCTop SUAapCKH OA raJIlf'IHHK", a HajrOJIeMHOT 6poj nperrrna'ramta MY 6HJIe nax OA Majaxajara H OA HapOAHHTe HH3HHH OA APyrHTe KpaHIIITa aa Maxenoaaja. Toj H JIlf'IHO rrarysan rro Maxenoaaja na CH ro nponasa peqHHKOT H HMaJI MO)I(HOCTHAa BUAH, KaKO IIITO rrHIIIYBa caMHOT, ,,KaKO Byrapare JIa)I(aT H na KOj HaqHH ro BOBeAYBaaT 6yrapcKHOT rOBOp AO xane IIITO MO)l(aT Aa CTHrHaT". 3aToa, BeJIH, H H3MHCJIHJI,,HaqHH KaKO MO)l(e na ce rrpenynpena 6yrapcKoTO YMHJIKYBaJhe" ,,3a Aa He ce uenxa H Aa ce nofiyrapysa aaponor co rrOMOIIITa aa 6yrapCKHTe BJIaAHl\H". A TOj HaqHH, crropeA Hero, 6HJI - ,,p;a ce aane=arar yqHJIHIIIHH KHHrH na CBOj rosop KaKO IIITO ce 360pyBa cera ... OA oBAeIIIHa Jaronana, rra aa jyr AO Erejcxoro Mope,,22 .
Haxo BO HaCJIOBOTCTOH AeKa e ,,PeqHHK OA serapa jeaaxa", HaKO H rpacpHqKH MaTepHjaJIOT e pa3AeJIeH sa serapa ja3HqHH rparpa, cenax JIeCHO ce KOHCTaTHpa nexa BCYIIIHOCTce pa60TH aa eaea iieiujasu-oiu«, 6UAejKH, rro18 Ha HCTOTO MeCTO, 360. Haxo, aa 10. I 1873 ron. MHHHCTepoT sa naneopeuraa pa60TH na Cptiaja JOBaH PHCTHK (sa C06HpafheTO "rpal)e sa Cpncxo-apfiaucxa je3HK" no .,CTapa Cptiaja") MY 113JJ aa ITyJleBCKH ner IIYKaTH "Ha HMe nonnope" - KaKO aa '10BeK "KOjH je H HHa'ie '1HHHO ycnyre y CTapO-CpncKHM xpajeaaua" (rpaba sa uciiiopujy MnKeOOHCKoZ uapooa li3 Apxuoa Cp6uje •..,
360). 19 Teoipadiuja
3a cpeon;e
WKOAe. 113paIlHO.u
par
a III e B H h. Ilpernenana
H 01l06pHJla
urxoncxa KOMHcHja. Y Beorpany y Ilpscasnoj urravnapaja, 1871, 114 H en. 20 AC, MITc-IT, XVI, 715,1874: ITHCMO aa 'IJIeHOBHTe aa Oll60pOT aa cpncxa yxanaurra H Y'lHTeJlH BO Crapa Cptiaja H Maxenoaaja IT. CpeKKoBHK H M. C. MHJlOeBHK Oil 2. XI 1874 ron, 110 OIl60poT BO MHHHCTepCTBoTo aa aanaopeuma pa60TH na Cptiaja; Tpaba ea uciuopujy uatceoonCKOZ uapooa U3 Apxuea Cp6uje. Flpapenao lip. KnHMeHT I,IaM6a30BcKH, T. III, KIh. II (1874-1878), Beorpan, 1984, 106. 21 Ha HCTOTO MeCTO. 22
06peHoBHK
AC, MITc-IT, cp. XVI, 715,1874: ITHcMo ua IV Oil 29. XI 1874 ron.
t. M.
ITYJleBcKH 110 cpncxaor
KHe3 MHJl3H
9
xpaj Ma1CeOOHCKIIOiii, BO npsara rparpa (HaCJIOBeHa co HeOCHOBaHO H He06HqHO, HO ~BOjHO IIMeHYBalbe: CpiiCKO-A.fl.Il6aHCKU) ce HaBe~eHH H 3HaqelbaTa aa CpiiCKU ja3HK H CeTO TOa nOCJIe ce npesenyaa aa a.rl6aHCKU, iiiYPCKU H ipll,KU23• BCYlllHOCT, 'roa He e HH pesaax BO BHCTHHCKaTa CMHCJIa, ryKY enea B~ ptl3i060PHUK lllTO aBTopOT CH ro crpaxan KaKO YlI,e6HUK. 3aToa H ro 03HaqHJI KaKO ,J-Ba sacr" sa OCHOBHOTO06pa30BaHHe. 3HaqajHo e nprrroa lllTO H caMHOT aBTOp BO npe~rOBopOT KIDK)'Ba nexa iipupauuuscoe 11M e HaMeHeT He cauo ua yqeHHQlITe, ryKY H aa B03paCHHTe KOPHCHHQH lllTO TPe6aJIo na ra 3HaaT lIJIH na rn pasoapaar ja3HQHTe lllTO 6l1JIe BO ynorpetia BO Toa apesre BO MaKe~oHHja24 . He nOMaJIKY e snanajao lllTO IlYJIeBcKH sexe ro aajaaysa H eiiiopuoiii pe-auuc, KaKO H nexe nnanapaaara ipaMaiiiuKa KaKO aipema ysetiaa KHIITa25• PeQHHKOB na Topraja IlYJIeBcKH He e nps BaKOB rrorrpar BO MaKe~OHCKaTa acropaja. Toj npeTCTaBYBa npO~OJI)KeHHe na Tpa~HQHjaTa IllTO ja 3anOQHa yurre ,!l;aHHHJI MOCKOnOJICKH co QeTHpHja3HQHHKOT (1802) H csoeB~HaTa npepaooreaa npenexarxa aa Teonocaja CHHaHTcKH BO COJIYHCKOTO H3~aHHe .Kanra aa HayqeHHe TPlIX ja3HKoB" (1841). Ho nonexa xaj npnaor MaKe~OHCKHOT ja3HK 6ellle nape-rea tiyiapcxu, a xaj BTOPHOT cnaejauo-tioniapcKuj, xaj IlYJIeBcKH BO QeTHpHja3HQHHKOB TOj e KOM6HHHpaH KaKO Cpiictco-Anatiauctcu IllTO noroa sexe Ke ce yTBP~H KaKO cnoeeuouaxeooncxu lIJIH cauo uatceooncxu.
2. Toa 6ea npeJIOMHH rO~HHH He cauo BO CBeCTa aa IlYJIeBcKH, TYKY H BO npeTCTaBHTe aa MaKe~OHCKHOT napon noornrrro. Bo Toa apesre ByrapCKaTa ersapxaja BO rOJIeMa Mepa sexe ja HCTHCHa rpsxara QPKBa BO MHOry MaKe~OHCKH enapXHH, HO CKOPOce jasa )KeCTOKa peaxunja H npOTI-m nea, rra ce 06HOBH co yurre nOrOJIeM HHTeH3HTeT YHHjaTcKoTO ~BlI)Kelbe IllTO BO 1873-1874 rO~HHa ja sarpara CKOPO QeJIa Maxenoanja. Ha QeJIO na OBOj YHHjaTcKH 6paH 3aCTaHa toptHeBHoT c060peQ o~ Benrpancxara nernja ,!l;HMHTap Flonreoprnes-Bepoacsa urro BO Toa apeve BO COJIYH rH npaBerne no~rOTOBKHTe sa lllHPOKO OCJI060~HTeJIHO BOCTaHHe26.Toa 6erne MOMeHTOT xora
ce ~ecpHHHparne MaKe~OHCKaTa HaQHOHaJIHa nporpaMa 23
"CaM08UAa
Il-p B
JI
24 Pe'lNUKO TYPCKU. IV. TP'lKU. raJIH'IHHK"b
10
lK
oiiio
e
P
H C T 0
U "MaKeOONCKa
B C K H,
Topiuja
M.
IlYAe8cKu
H
/lH6paHCKo
jesuxa. I. CpuCKo-AAA6aNCKU. ll. aanacana OTb 0 0 P I) a M. IT Y 1872. ronaae.
l-sa
U ueioeuiiie
ja
KNUlIlKU
11<1>,Cxonje, 1973, 11-12.
uecnapxa",
'leiiiupu
Cxpojeaa
OKpYlKHje
'IaCTb.
Beorpam.,
Ap6aNCKU-ApNayiiicKU. JI
b
Ill.
B C K H, apXHTeKTa
Illravnapia
H.
y
Crerpauo-
1873,2.
BHha H ,I:(pYlKHHe.
cxaiiia
a
MaKeOONCKa"
IllTO najpaao
2S
Ha
26
Il-p B
HCTOTO MecTo,
nuiiiepaiiiypna
JI
4.
a lK e P H C TO B C K H, Tlopiiipeiiiu U Na~UONaANa uciiiopuja,
u iipouecu.
.., III. Ilpouecu
.Kyrrrypa", Cxonje, 1990, 35-65.
00 MaKeOON-
~.
YOqH H najpenjerpao ja onpasa 6yrapcKHOT HCTaKHaTrrpeponoencxa neeu IIeTKO P. CnaBejKoB27.
t.
Bo TaKBHOKOnHOCTH ynrre ua nOqeTOKOTaa jYHH 1874 ronaaa M. IIyneBcKH ja nOHYp;Hn aa nesarea,e csojara nropa KHHra IlITO seze 3HaqHTenHO ce pa3nHKYBa H no KOHQellQHjaTaH no HaQHOHanHaTaup;eorrornja on npsara. IIpaBH arrexarox crpaxaa.ero H ynorperiara aa MaKep;OHCKOTOHaQHOHanHOUMe, KaKO H OP;HOCOT KOH acropnjara, <pHnOnorHjaTIl H eraorparpajara na Maxenoaaja. Paxorracor 6Hn npenanea BO Op;60POT aa yqHnHmTa H ysarerm BO Crapa Cpfiaja, na na 2 HoeMBpH 1874 ron, xneHOBHTeaa OBOj0p;60p II. CpeKKoBHK H M. C. MHnOeBHK narranrynaar npenopaxa P;OMHHHCTepOTaa npocsera H QPKOBHHpa60TH. Ynrre aa 15 HCT.M. npensreror MY 6Hn p;ap;eHaa aexe a<pHpMHpaHHoTcpncxa HayqHHK CT. HOBaKOBHKsa p;a ro npernena H na KlUKe nana H sa KaKBa nen 6H 'rpefiano nenoro na ce nanexara aa npscaaaa cMeTKa28.Ho HOBaKoBHKua 29 HoeMBpH onronapa xparxo H oCTPo nexa asropor ,,He e BO cocrojfia na COCTaBHnerro IlITO 6H 6Hno P;OCTOjHO na ce nexara na p;p)KaBHacMeTKa,,29. Meryroa, oueaxara H aarascaparrare mrrepeca na HayqHHKOT He Mo~ea na ro pacxonetiaar naTPHoTcKHOT)Kap aa IIyneBcKH, nnafioxo YBepeH nexa BO Toa npenouao npesre TOj MO)Kep;a My nane aa CBOjOTaapon KHHra IlITO Ke My rroxasce KOj e, IlITO e H IlITO caxa na 6Hp;e.Hanyreaaor naTPHoT, ysepea nexa MHcnelheTO aa Ilparaureaax aa MaKep;OHQHTee MHcnelhe H na KHe30T, YIlITe HCTHOTnea My ro acnpaxa paKonHCOTaa cpnCKHOTKHe3 MHnaa 06peHoBHK IV co Mon6a KHHraTana My ce 06jaBH co p;p)KaBHanOMOIlI30• H TaKa BO cnennara 1875 ronasa op; )J;p)KaBHaTarresaruaua asneae sropara KHHra aa ,,MHjaKoT ranasxa" M. IIyneBcKH ,,PeqHHK on TPH je3HKa - c. Maxeooucxu, Ap6aHcKH H TypCKH,,31.Ep;HHCTBeHaTa OTCTaIIKaIlITO
t.
27 In. P. C JI a Be j K 0 BJ, MaKeooHcK;i1iii'b 8;;(UP0C'b, V, 3, Llaperpam., 1871, 2; L( 0'10 BHJllIPCKH -11J1HlI Fl a c x o s, Tlucua ua Tleiiixo Pasee CUlBeilK08 UO ynuniiia 8 MaKeOOHUR tipea 18742., .Bexose", XVIII, 1, Co¢HlI, 1989, 67-75; B JI a lK e K 0 H e C K H, KOIl uaxeooucxaiiia iipepootia ..., 72-82. 28
Tpaha ..., T. III, Klh. II (1874-1878),
29
Ha HCTOTOMeCTO.
30
AC, Mnc-n,
107.
¢. XIV, 715,1874.
Hacnosaa parse BO rpaHHQHTe na narave ja HMa nonnara CYJlTaHOTA61\YJI A3HC
ra xopaua aa pe'lHHKOT 6HJla aane-rarena BO I\Be Bep3HH (enna sa pacryTyPQHja, a npyra sa uansop 01\ TyPQHja). npHMepOKOT co KOjWTOpacno¢opMa, xane WTO ce narnacysa OTH KHHraTa H3J1erJla finaronapeune na H rnaca: nepeMeiiio-.lbu, MyljepeMeiiio-.lbu oa oepu e.lbucp UUlH/l-; CYJJT AH A5J(YJJ A3lfC A3AMET Ec[JEHP.-M-3 Cauc-noa 'iUKMUlU. PEl-HUlK Oil TpH jC3HKa C. MAKEllOHCKI1 APBAHCKM H TYPCKl1. Klbl1rA II. HAnl1CAO 'Bop!)e M. nYJLeOcKH. MI1JAK rAJbI1'1Kl1. cJ)JAJLTOP HK8 TPe rjyxa illKl1HI1IIIT MAKE.n;OHI1CE IIIKl1IT ene TYP'Il1ill. JbH6ePTH II. EKAillPYY 'BOp!)H IIYJLec. JLArYT y'l JLHCaHHIlCH MI1CHI1JMAHUE APHAYll'lEC Be C. MAKEllOHJIYUEC .TtI1TAB II. JA3Ml1ill 'Bop!)e M. IIYJLeorJlY. Y BEOrPAW Y llP)KABHOJ illTAMITAPI1JI1 TAB OJIYITMl1ill. 1875. 3a npaurasse'ro aa BojHHOTKOpH'IeH nacnos B.: B JI a lK e K 0 H e C K H, Maxeooncxuoiu XIX 8eK. Jaauuuu U KHUJlCe8HO-uciiiopUCKU iipunosu; .Kyrrrypa", Cxonje, 1986, 227. ITpaBH anevarox WTO 31
11
MOPaJI na ja npHcpaTH 6WIO KOpHCTelheTO aa cpncxara BYKOBa KHpHJICKa a36YKa, KaKBa mTO TOj HeMa ynorpetieao HH npen HH no roa. Illro e ocofieuo ssasajuo, roj H BO "CaMOBHJIa MaKe~OHCKa" H BO CTHX036HpKHTe .Maxe~OHCKa necnapxa" (1879), HO H BO "CJIOrHHIl,a pe-toscxa" (1880), 06jaBeHH BO Corpaja KaKO conCTBeHH H3~aHHja, ja ynorperiyname csojara crapa CJIOaeacxo-pycxa a36YKa, a Toa e nocetiao B~JIHBO BO 3aqYBaHHTe paKOTIHCH ,,5I3HQHHIl,a" H "CJIaBSlHCKo-MaKbe~oHcKa OTIlIITa HCTOpHSl". TIa ~PH H npBHOT, QeTHpHja3HQHHOT peQHHK o~ 1873 rO~HHa BO Benrpan ro 06jaBH co rparpnja mTO npeTCTaBYBa KOM6HHaIl,Hja na PYCKO-CJIOBeHCKaTaH BYKoBaTa KHpHJIHI~a. CJIe~CTBeHo, rparpajara ynorpefieaa BO TPHja3uqHHKOB He MO)l(e na ce CMeTa KaKO H3pa3 aa CTaBOT na TIYJIeBCKH, TYKY B~JIHB KOMnpOMHC co aaraacapaaare .nouarasa", HaKO raa co cpOHeTCKHOT npaauan H3BpmH onpeneno BJIHjaHHe BO npOIl,eCOT aa nO~OIl,HemHHTe aacrojysaa,a sa yrspnynaa,e aa MaKe~OHCKaTa asoyxa H cpOHeTCKHOTnpasonac" . MCTO 'raxa, Topraja TIYJIeBCKH ce 06H~e H co ,,nO~BaJIa" na ja HCKOpHCTH xacara na cpncxara nponaraana: ~OAeKa H3~aBaQHTe MaJIOTO C. BO HaCJIOBOT (c. MmceOOflCKU) CH ro QHTaa H ro CcpaKaa KaKO CpiiCKO-MaKe~OHCK~3 , caMHOT aBTOp CH ro saaeme H CH ro arrrepnperapame KaKO cnaejauCKO-MaKe~OHCKH34 , KaKO mTO TIHmyBa H BO CHTe CBOHnOAOIl,HemHH 06jaBeHH H He06jaBeHH nena. BnpOQeM, Toa ro nOTBp~Ba H npeBOAOT aa aJI6aHCKH yurre BO HaCJIOBOTna PeQHHKOT: LUKUflULUUl MaKe~OHHce35 .
r.
OBOj TPHja3HQHHK aa M. TIYJIeBCKH sexe HanOJIHO ce BKJIyqyBa BO onmTHOT TeK aa MaKe~OHCKHTe YQe6HHKapH O~ XIX BeK. Toj He casro IUTO ro acpHpMHpa BO nHCMeHaTa pes 3ana~HOMaKe~OHCKHOT ~HjaJIeKTeH CHCTeM ua Ham HOT ja3HK, TYKy craaysa H saacea MetHHK BO KYJITYpHO-HaIl,HOHaJIHaTa acropaja: TIYJIeBCKH He casro mTO OB~e sexe HanOJIHO ro OTcpPJIa 6yrapCKOTO HaIl,HOHaJIHOooenescje H co Toa npexaaa enaa nOAOJIra TPa~HIl,Hja mTO nocefiao 6eme noreauapaaa co aspaseaara Te~eHIl,Hja sa coananan.e saeoflUJ.tKU MaKe~OHcKo-6yrapcKH JIHTepaTYpeH erannapn (no yrnen aa cpncxoc. MaKeOoIlAY(leC e CTaBeH KaKO TpeT. HaMeCTO nps - KaKO WTO e BO MaKeAOHCKHOT H an6aHCKHOT uacnos
H KaKO WTO e BO KHHraTa. 32 I1HaKY.3a
CT a MaT 0 C K H, KOIl
a16YKaTa,
ja3HKoT
'ipa.pucKuofii
H npaaonacor
cucfiieM
ua
aa
IlYAe8cKu,
t. IlyneBCKH
na ce BHAH: Tp aj KO nay-mo-xy niiiypnu H e C K H. Maxeoonctcuoiii XIX 8eK.
36.:
5U'i0PCKU
cpeotiu, I uayueu C06Hp. rOCTHBap, 1971, 37-44; B n a lK e K 0 210-223; B n a lK e P H C TO B C K H. Kooudnocauujaiua ua MaKeOOIlCKuofii coepeueu ja:JUK 1lU3 oeAofiio na Tlapiiienuja Baipaqrcscu, Topiuja IlYAe8cKu, Tleiiiap Iloiiapcoe u Kpciue MUCUPK08 (CO uocetieu iio'iAeo 8p3 nexou ciieuutpuxu na 'ipatjJujafiia). 36.: " MaKeAoHcKo-ceBepHoaMepHKaHcKa cnaBHCTH'!Ka KOH<jJepeHQHja BO OXPHA, Cxonje, 1995 (BO nesar), TYpcKor
33 Tpaha ...• T. III, KIh." jeaaxa", 34
Il-p B n a
lK
e P
(1874-1878), H C T 0
106: "Pe'!HHK cpncxo
B C K H.
Topiuja
M.
MafieAoHcKor.
IlYAe8cKu
apsayrcxor
U neioeuiiie
"CaMo6IUUJ Maxeooncxa" U "MaKeoollcKa iiecnapxa ". 17; H C THO T. Maxeooucxuoiii uaxeooucxaiua uauuja. IlpHn03H aa pa3BHTOKOT ua MaKeAOHCKaTa ••cyrrrypno-nauaouanaa
I. "MHcna".
Cxonje, 1983, 341. 3~
12
Bn a
lK
e K
0 H
e
C K H,
Maxeooncxuoiii
XIX 6eK, 224-226.
H
KIlUUlKU WlpOO U MHcna.
xpBaTCKHOTp;OrOBOpon 1850.), ryK)' npsrrar BO enea MaKep;OHcKHY'le6HHK 6eIIIe MapKHpaHOuaxeooncxoiuo HMe KaKO HaL(UOIUl.IUIO (H na ja3HKoT KaKO uaxeoouocu, a He KaKO ,,MaKep;OHCKO aapesae") H 6ea npeTCTaBeHHKOHrypare na MaKep;OHCKaTa Hau;HOHaJIHa Hp;eOnorHja.Toa jacao ro nOKa)KYBaHerOBHOT CTaB nexa ,,H Maxenomnrre ce aapon H MeCTOBOHHBHOe Maxenonaja", Osaa nexnapanaja sa nOHMHTeaapon H TaTKOBHHace nOBTopYBaco enao (sa Hero KaKO cnoaeaorpan) Ba)KHO P;0YTO'lHYBalhe:"HaIIIeTo OTe'leCTBOce BenHT Maxenoaaja H MHe ce HMcHYBaMecprasjano-] Maxenoaua". Bo P;YXOTaa Hp;eOnorHjaTa IIITO HMame p;na60KH xopeaa H BO Maxenoanja (Mo)l(e6H H He 6e3 snajaaaero aa c03HaHHjaTana n::pMaHcKHOTacrpaacyaas JI. $. Tlacorp) nexa H aHTH'lKHTe MaKep;OHu;H6une CnOBeHH, Ilyneacxn ropno HCTaKHYBaOTH .Maxenoaaja 6una norpanena Y spesre napa senaxor Anexcannpa". Ho sa Hero MHOry e Ba)l(HO IIITO ,,MaKep;oHcKHjOTja3HK je aajcponea co QPKOBHo-cnaBjaHCKHTe KHHrH H TOj je crapocnaajaacxa", nopana IIITO H HHe "ce HMeHYBaMeCrapocnaajaaa, nexa KHHrHHe QPKOBHH Kapan H Meronnje xora 'H npenonene on ja3HKoT rpsxa aa cnaajaacxa, Hamne 3a p;06po p;a HanrnunaT6YKBH cna~aHCKH H p;a npeBep;aT KHHrHHe 60rOMOJbHH no crapocnasjancxn ja3HK H ryje BO Maxenoaaja Crapocnasjamrre )l(HBYBajeT",36. He 6eIIIe casro PYCKHOTMaKep;OHonorByrapaaor Tlerap Ilparaaos mTO norpanao ce H3pa3YBaIIIe aa TPHja3H'lHHKOTaa Ilyneacxsr". Ilpojasaja HHTepeCH HCTaKHaTHHMHlha BO cnaBHCTHKaTa,KaKO Becenoscxa, MHKnoIIIH'l, AKcaKOB H rtp., a MOCKOBCKHOT cnoseaorpancxa opraa na MB. AKcaKOB .Pycs", BO MOMeHTOTxora Maxenoaaja ce rrosexe cranysatne npep;MeT sa cnaBHCTHKaTaH MeryHapop;eH HHTepec BO nOnHTHKaTa,aamnna: ,,PetIHHKOT aa r. Flynescxa e op; ronesr mrrepec aa sanoaaaaatsero aa MaKep;OHcKOTO aacenenae, xoe Cp6HTe TonKY HaCToj'lHBOro npaxnysyaaar KOH cpncxoro nneue. BoonIIITO, - nena .Pycs" - TPe6a na 3a6ene)l(HMe nexa Maxenoanja sa cnaBHCTHTenpeTCTaBYBa- aKOMO)l(eMeTaKa p;ace H3pa3HMe- Hen03HaTa norma IIITO rH 'leKa CBOHTeacrpascyaaaa"." KaKO IIITO Ka)KYBacaMHOTaBTOp BO norosopor aa TPHja3H'lHHKOT, TOj BO nexoj jaaea ornac seran nexa TyKa Ke 6Hp;e aanesrarea H eneu nen IIITO Ke npeTCTaBYBa,,6yKBap, KOjH je ou '1eTHpHjeaaxa - ryPCKH, cnoseaCKH, naraacxa H rpsxa", a HCTOTaKa H nen co "cTapop;peBHH 06H'IajH H njecHH jyrocnoseacxa"?", HO na xpajor op; KHHraBa ce p;ap;eHHcasro cnosea36 D 0 P !) 37 11.
e M. 11Y Jh e
n par
a HOB
B C K H, Peunux 00 tiipu b,,3iiilloipaljJu'IeCKiu
jesuxa, 40-42. oueptcu
CAllBRllCKOU «aciiu:
Maxeoouiu.
Iletipsue: Apnayiuo-Aptianac»t U AJl6a1l0-MUill{U, "I'I3BbCTili Ci-Fle'repfiyprcxaro Cnaasuccaro Bnaroraoparensuaro 06ll\eCTBa", 2, Ci-Fle'reptiypr-s, 1888, 89; H C THO T, MaKeOOllCKOCnaenuaciu 3iiilloipaljJu'IeCKiu C60PllUKO, Bsm. I, Ci-Fle'reptiypru, 1894, 231. 38 Kjy 3 M a H III a n K ape BI, Hapoouu iibcuu. U ciiiapuuu, "MapHL\a", V, 378, I1noBIIHBb, 16. IV 1~, 2. 39 D 0 P !) e M. 11 Y Jh e B C K H, L\HT.neno [V).
13
CKaTa, rpsxara H naTHHCKaTa a36YKa (6e3 rypcKaTa, aepojaruo nOpaAH CnO)KeHHOT rrpofinejs na apanCKOTO llHCMO). Toa ro narrpanan 3aTOa urro, sena, "yllHC~ Many ce cofipaje", na OAHOBO seryaa OTH 06HqaHTe H neCHHTe ra 3aAP~Ba aa TPeTaTa KHHra sa xoja H nOBHKYBa "CBaKOra, 6paTa POAOJby6HTeJbja H CnOMOIllTeCTBOBaTeJbja Aa nOMO)Ke H sa rpehy KU,Hry Aa ja
naurrasmasre"?". 3. Pearrasapajza ro yrropno CBOjOT najasea H3AaBaqKH nnan, aa 25 Maj rOA., BO.spcxa co ,,IIOKaHaTa OA rocnOAHHOT MHHHCTep sa rrpocaera H QPKOBHH pa60TH yurre OA nOqeTOKOT aa osaa rOAHHa, ynarena AO CpnCKOTO YQeHO APYIllTBO, sapana pamapysaa,e aa cpncxare KHIDKeBHOCTH", IlynenCKH ro npennosom BO MHHHCTepCTBOTO paKOllHCOT aa csojara aexe nOArOTnena .Pe-nrana" (Fpaaaraxa") ,,3a oueaysatse"?", HO HaAne)KHHTe casro samunane nexa npHAPY)KHOTO nHCMO na ITyneBcKH TPe6a Aa ce AOAaAe KOH aKTOT co nopaaenmoro HeraTHBHO MHCneu,e na HOBaKOBHiC. PaKOllHcOT aa ,,PeqHHQaTa" My 6un aparea na aBTopOT42 •
1875
Ho Toa e speuero aa BOCTaHHeTO BO Bocaa H XepQerOBHHa, a nenaam rroroa H AnpHnCKOTO BO Byrapaja H Pa3nOBeQKOTO BO Maxenoanja. 3a na ja aasesse Bocna, Cptiaja if 06jaBH aeycnemna sojaa aa TYPQHja, a cero ce saspura co Llaparpancxara xonrpepemmja, na xoja Mefy npyroro 6ellle pemeao na ce 06pa3YBa enaa (nyanacrasxa) AP)KaBa nOA HMeTO .Byrapnja" co ABe nocefinn 06naCTH (Byrapaja H Maxenonaja) urro iCe rrperCTaBYBa 6a3uqeH MefyHapOAeH aKT H BO HapeAHHTe ocn060AHTenHH nOT<paTH na Maxenoamrre. Cocesr npHpOAHO nojne H roneaara Pycxo-rypcxa sojaa (1877-1878), xora H Cpoaja ja npOAOTI)KH npaapeueao sarrpeaara Cpncxo'rypcxa nojna, BO xoja KaKO A06poBoneQ ce BKny'lH H aamaor Topraja ITyneBcKH43• BpXOBHaTa KOMaHAa na Pycxa'ra apanja ce anrascapa OA peBonyQHOHH3HpaHHTe eMHrpaHTH MaKeAOHQH BO Cpfiaja H BO POMaHHja na <popMHpa QeTHpH A06pOBOneQKH '1eTH co BojBoAHTe Hn.o Mapxos, .D:HMHTPuja TPH<pOHOB, Fopraja ITyneBcKH H Fopm OrHeHoB co nOMOlllHHKOT MBaH'1O P06e44• THe craaaa nocrojaaa asaarapna npa TelllKHOT PYCKH soea noxon 40
Ha HCTOTOMeCTO.
41 AC, MITc-IT, CKU U
neioeuiiie 42
KIIUWKU
<p. VIII,
.•• ,
AC, MITc-IT,
pe/l 80, 1876; Il-p 5 JI a sc e PH C T 0 B C K H, Topiuja M. IJYAeB18; Fpaba..., 160-161.
<p.
naryvor 25. V 1876 ron., na Maj 1875, KaKO WTO nartauian
VIII, pen 80, 1876: aKTOT 6p. 2503 ro HOCH sanauraa BO apxaaara jacuo YWTe nana .Pesnauara'' ITYJleBCKH ja npennoscan ua 25 caMHOT aBTOp co csoja paxa, HJlH nax aa 25 Maj 1876 ron., KaKO WTO
He e
aasen Ha/lJle)l(HHOT '1HHOBHHK"PH "pHeMOT. 43
Il-p 5
JI a )I( e
cxaiiia auiiiepaiiiypna 44
14
u
P
H C T 0 B C K H, Ilopiiipeiiiu
uciuopuja, I, 281-287. Ha HCTOTOMeCTO, 259-261. Hal{UOHaAHa
u iipouecu. .., Ilopiiipeiuu
00 uaxeoon-
HH3 Byrapaja. A 6lfAej.m 6eme BeTeHO H oCJI060AYBalhe na Maxenoaaja, sapana mTO 6HJIa sexe rrOArOTBeHa H cneuajanaa rrpOKJIaMaQHja45 , MaKeAoHCKHTe eAHHHQH aaaneroa ce AO Tlajaaen H, cnojysajxa ce co rrepaaaearaare BOCTaHHqKH CHJIH na ,lJ;. Flonreopraea-Beposcxa, 6eme c03AaAeHa cJI060AHa reparopaja co aocnocraseaa MaKeAoHcKa aaponaa BJIaCT46• MaKeAoHcKHTe sera BO osaa sojaa noxascaa 6cCrrpHMepHa xpaopocr H 60p6eHa YMcmHoCT, sapana mTO H sojaonara IlYJICBCKH A06HBa BHCOKH BoeHH npasaanaja on PyCKaTa KOMaHAa47 H ca6ja on PYCKHOT uap mTO TOj co rOPAocT ja HOCH He caste AO xpajor aa BojHaTa,TYKY H BO rrOAOQHemHOTO MaKeAOHCKO KpeCHCHCKO BOCTaHHe, KaKO H rro YJIHQHTe aa CO¢Hja48• Ho noara OAPHHCKOTO npasrapje H CaHCTe¢aHCKHOT (npeJIHMHHapeH) PyCKOTYPCKH MHpOBeH AOroBOp. OAHOBO, Bp3 OCHOBaaa AHeQe3aTa aa Byrapcxara ersapxaja H aKTOT aa Llaparpancxara KOH¢epCHQHja, 6emc 3aMHCJIeHa orrmHpHaTa npscasa .Byrapaja". Toa rrpeAH3BHKa 6ypHa peaxuaja xaj Cpfiaja H Tpuaja, HO H xaj eBpOrrCKHTe rOJIeMH CHJIH, rra nojne AO ECPJIHHCKHOT KOHrpec (1878), AO peaasaja na caHCTC¢aHCKHTe BH3HH H apaxan,e na MaxenoHHja BO rpaHHQHTe aa TYPQHja - co MarJIHBH, HeKoHKpeTH3HpaHH BCTYBalha aa asroaoaaja H perpopaa H BO Maxenoaaja. A MaKeAoHCKHTe 60PQH ce uanesaa AeKa co PYCKHOT rrOTIIHC non caHCTe¢aHcKHTe naparparpa H MaxeAOHHja Ke ce OCJI060AH OA TYPCKOTO porrCTBo H, BO COrJIaCHOCT co peurennjara na Llapnrpancxara KOH¢CpeHQHja, K~ ce 06pa3YBa enna AYaJIHCTHqKa MOHapxHja - rro yrJICA aa aacxopo roram KOHCTHryHpaHaTa ABCTpO-
Yarapaja". MaKeAoHcKHTe A06pOBOJIeqKH '1eTH OCTaHaa M06HJIHH BO mToTYKY oCJI060AeHoTo KHe)f(eBCTBO Byrapaja - BO osexyaarse TYPQHja na rH HCrrOJIHH npeaesremrre 6epJIHHCKH 06BpCKH. Kora CTaHa jacao nexa cYJITaHOT HeMa 4S
X P H CT
0
X P H CT
uuiiie mpJICa8U 1876-1878,
EAH,
nanna Pyuensja" 6Hna sane-rareua TOp na MaKeI\OHHja; 11. r. C e H K 6aiiia na M. A. XUiiip060. 46
Jb Y 6 e
euoiii opiauusaiuop
47
Oneca,
a M.
A.
e B H 'I, Iloxyueniuu
BO 3a-
onpenenea BeKe sa ryoepaauctuopujaiua ua Maxeoouuja 80 apxu-
XHTPOBO 6Hn 00
na l1Hl1", X. 1. 1966, 179.
Jl a n e, Pa3J108e'lKOiiio eociiiauue 00 1876 ioouua u nustuociiia ua ueioTloii Teopiuee Bepoecxu; l1Hl1. Cxonje, 1976, 71-73; Il-p En a lK e
H
Iluuuiuap
Il-p E
u iipouecu. ..• Tlpouecu
00 MaKeOOHcKaiiia nuiiiepaiiiypna
n a lK e PH C T 0 B C K H. Tlopiiipeiiiu
II uauuonanna
u uauuouanna
48
,UyPH H eI\HHCTBeHaT.a cpOTorpacpHja ITyneBcKH
49
IT.
,U
sa
I\HnnOMaTHja
co
"npeKy
BHHQHHTe MH3Hja,
1\06HeHaTa
sojuara Tpaxaja
aa
co
xoja neaecxa pacrronaraue ja
na Hlle
y6uuciii60",
01\ 1877-1878
qrJl\aBalheTo
00 uaxeooucxaiua
nOCBeI\O'lYBa
pYCKa ca6ja.
e rt H p a 1\ e B (j(RJloiiio oiii neioeoiuo
u iipouecu ..., Tlpouecu
1.259-268.
uciiiopuja,
aa
cJlY'lQl130 ioouuouoiaiiia npamau,e
BO
ua saiiao-
",Uo aaceneaaero
III,60-63.
nuiiiepaiiiypua
ropnocra
OC8060JICOeHUeiiio na 51>JllapWl u iionuiuuxaiiia
CoCPHlI, 1968, 182: ITpoKJIaMaQHjaTa
"rnaCHHK
PH CT 0 B C K H. Tlopiiipeiiiu uciiiopuja,
0 B,
rOI\HHa
CaIlOaIlCKu. ••B1>3CiloMenaiiieJlell nuciii
"ee
Ma'lena"
Caacrerpaacxa Byrapaja -
H MaKeI\OHHja.
MeryToa,
iio
CoCPHlI, 22. IV 1945. 3) nHlIJYBa nexa pycxara
na ro
peuia
enaa Mane'lKa
06HI\OT II nponanua
H MaKel\OHCKOTO
cpel\epaQHja
01\ npo-
BO Bepnan".
15
cepH03Ha HaMepa na ra nOqHT)'Ba THe 06BPCKH, KOH xpajor aa 1878 ron, MaKep;OHQHTe OP;HOBOro xpeaaa 3HaMeTO aa HOBOTO Kpecaeacxo BOCTaHHe, HaCOqeHO H nporas EepJIHHCKHOT noroaop, co jacao fiapan.e sa cosnaaau,e MaKep;oHcKa p;p)KaBa. Topraja TIYJIeBCKH OP;HOBOja onama cafijara H KaKO sojnona npBHH aa III H noroa na V qeTa H qneH aa BoeHHoT COBeT aa BOCTaHHeTO OCTaHa nocnenea
aa 60jHOTO nOJIe - ce P;OMaj
1879 ronaaa."
4. Pasonapan op; nOJIHTHKaTa na rOJIeMHTe CHJlH, HO npen ce on OP;HOCOT aa HOBOOCJI060p;eHaTa Byrapaja, xojaurro ce nojaaa KaKO rJIaBeH cpaKTOp aa anoynorpeoynaa,e, HCKopHCTYBau,e H sanyuryaan.e aa BOCTaHHeTO, TIYJIeBCKH ja nponorraca 60p6aTa CO npyra cpencrsa. Yurre p;op;eKa rpaeme BOCTaHlfqKHOT noneu TOj ja aanexara BO Corpaja, KaKO npHBaTHO cenaparno H3p;aHHe, csojara npsa oojaaena noercxa TBop6a - noesrara "CaMOBHJla MaKep;OHCKa,,51. Toa e HCTOBpeMeHO H npBaTa MaKep;OHCKapeBOJIYQHOHepHa nOJIHTHqKO-naTPHOTCKa neCHa CO jacHa HaQHOHaJIHOOCJI060p;HTeJIHa onpep;eJI6a BO MaKep;OHCKaTa mrreparypaa acropaja, Hamnnaaa na enen CBeCHO apxaasapaa ja3HK, CO CTPHKTHH CBoeBHp;HHYKa)KYBau,a KaKO Kap;e p;a ce nee, noexara 3anOqUYBa COCTHXOBHTe: Ceepx iinanuu.e uaxeooucxu esceoneeua iiieuuuua: P'M' iioxpuna iUeMfla uoina U.Il' iUeMefl 06.1WK? P'M' eciiieciiieo note CiU60PU.110- iiieuuo oa 6uoeiU Kpaneeuny Maxeooucxy 00
-6
iiia
6
epeuja ouo iUOKY ce cnytuaiii ciiipatueu
iiieuuuua
00 eexa, 6UKOiil, iitbycKoiUuiU?
Ouo ue je iiieuna uoi.aa, uuiiio iUoiUOH., a nu iiioiioeu; iUOKY je iiioJ/C6a CaM06U.IlCKa ceepx C6U iinanutee. TIYJIeBCKH ro p;aBa IIJIaqOT na CaMOBHJIaTa MaKep;OHCKa mTO ra noBHKYBa CHTe ceCTPH op; MaKep;OHCKHTe IIJIaHHHH sa na ja syjar necpexara aa Maxenoaaja, 3amTO:
Bepnunctcu tcouipec tuiiio uaiiuca - ycnoeuja He uciionuu; iua iionotuo uu uaiipaeu 6 Matceoouuja: MaKeOOHCKU uajxu iiuuuiiaiu, a Jeepoiiy MU.IlflO MO.lbaiU: Jeepoiio xpuciiiujanctca, OM' ue C./lyuuuu tuuuu iina-«? Ieepoiio, MU.Ila uajxo, uuiio nu ociiiaeu iioo iUYPCKU enaciii?"
"a
a
so Il-p E n a "CaMo8UAa
MaKeOOItCKa" Sl
16
Ha
lK
e
P
H C T 0
B C K H,
u ••MaKeOOItCKa
HCTOTO MeCTO,
25, 39-43
iiecuapxa", H
67-68.
Topiuja M. IlYAe8cKu 20-25.
U ueioeuiiee
KItUUU<:U
Ho aBTopOT He OCTaH)'Ba aa TmKelheTO H pesaruauajara, TYK)' HM KlUK}'Ba aa COHapOA~e aa CJlaBHaTa MaKeAoHCKa ncropaja, sa Il>mmna H AJIeKCaHApa (mTO ra cuerame HCTOTaKa CJ10BeHH) H sa HHBHHTe COBpeMeHH nOTOMlVi. Osoj peeonynaoaepea pOMaHTH3aM 6eme H H)')KeH H n0J1e3eH HMnyJ1C npa cj>opMHpalheTO aa HalViOHaJIHaTa CBeCT H npa M06HJ1H3alVijaTa BO KOHKpeTHaTa OCJ1060AHTeJ1Haaxuaja. 3aToa TIYJ1eBCKH, oropsea OA Esporra H WIa60KO aaspenea H paaosapaa OA cocemrre, eaeprasao H3BHKHYBa:
"Iyiiue, :HeUUieAUMaKeOOHC1CU!Hase uuuuiio He HU uexaiu: 00 asujauiuu - uacunuje, a 6 UiyiuHa - YKopcUi60. Tyia ciiipaua je neiipujaiiiua; 6 iuyiuna ee uaiioptcu zAeoaUi H HeCHOCHUiipetuetiouu ceujesc HU eemaiii: Ilan' ciue uyne, Maxeoouuu; ciiiapu /byou uuuo z060paUi: 00 Maxeoonuu iiojynauu uao HUX He 6UJlOLlap Anexcauoep Maxeooucxu iiipuciiio neiiia upeo Xpuciua co Maxeoonuu C6Y 6ceAeHY iioenaoan. Hauc Kpan. (/JUJlUU - CAa6jaHuH e, Llap Anexcauoep - CAa6jaHKUfl, natuu 6a6u CAa6jaHKu ZU pooune. Maxeoouuu, ceiiiuiue ce sa jytuucciiieo uaxeooncxo, iiia ciipotuu ciiiapux eue ceia oa cneoyeaiue! He je ciiipauoiiia ceoje uctcaiiiu; HU 3a:HeM ea ceoje yMpeiiL TYPCKU ayAyM HU iipeesenu Hao uatua 'lecUi MaKeOOHCKa, JM' tipauuiue cu UJl' C6U 00 eOUH oa U3ZUHeMe! POO tipauuiue 00 Aiapjanuul C6U 3a eoeu :HeU60Ui oa CJlO:HeUM! 3aUio, jyuauu. uaxeooucxu; upotiyiuuue ce! Iloxapuo je 00 U3ZUHeMe 6 natua MUJla UiaUiK06UHa, OUiKOAU 060Ke aa ZAeOaMe cejaxo enociiiopciiieo. He cnysajao TOKMY K. Illanxapes BO QeJ10CTja nperrestaru onaa 3Hasajaa noejaa BO IIJIOBAHBCKHOT BeCHHK .Mapaua?"', KaKO mTO H TIYJ1eBCKH, MaKap H 6e3 oaaa-rysaa,e, BKnyqH enea saasaea AeJ1OA HerOBHOT yqe6HHK BO CBOjOT TpHja3~HHK53. Toa 6eme cBeAomTBO aa eAHHCTBOTOaa MHCJ1aTa xaj 6YAHHTe Maxenonua He3aBHCHO xane ce aaoraar. TIa H fiecaparrcxao'r ByrapHH H BHAeH PYCKH CJ1aBHCTTI . Ilparaaon yurre BO 1894 rOA. ja BKJIyqH rroeMaTa BO csojor (sa Hac MHoryCTpaHO auasaea) ,,MaKeAoHCKO-CJ1aBHHCKiH C60PHHKD ,,54. . S2
K., Hapoouu
S3
B JllPK e K
0 H
S4
II. n par a
HOB
iibcHU
Mapaua", V, 377, 13. IV 1882, 4-5
U CiUaPUHU, ••
H
V, 378, 16. IV
1882,2. e C K H, KOH
MlJKeOOHCKaiUa
'h, MaKeooHCKo-CIIllBRHCKjil
apepoota, 88-90. C60PHUKb, 1,231-234.
17
CaMIIOT ITYJIeBCKII6eme HanOJIHO CBeCeH sa saaxersero II YJIOraTa aa peBonyQIlOHepHaTa necaa BO Taa aruocrpepa, na BO 1879 rOA. BO Corpnja ra aarre-rara II ABaTa AeJIa aa npaara CTIIXo3611pKaaa MaKeAoHCKIIja3IIK BO aamara mrreparypaa acropaja nOA HeABOCMIICJIeHIIOT HaCJIOB,,MaKeAoHCKa necaapxa="; KaKO II HaCJIOBIITeaa rroeuara II ua neCHapKIITe, TaKa II npBIITe Tpll IIcu;eJIO HerOBII CTIIXOTBOp611BO npnara CTIIX03611pKa (OTneqaTeHII co nonynpa CTapOCJIOBeHCKII mparpr), 611jaT B Oqll nOTeHQIlpaHIITe HaQIlOHaJIHO IIHTOHllpaHIIHaCJIOBII:.Flnaserse .MaKeOOHCKO", ,,MaKeooHu,U.M yn npanor" II ,,)KaJhOCT .MaKeOOHCKa". Ilonexa npBIITe ABe necaa ce co enea CneQIlcpuqHO HerOB 113pa3eH CTIIJ1,cmrtea aa ITpJIuqeBIIOT OA enea rrepaon, 'rperara naTpIlOTCKa necaa e aanamaaa HanOJIHOBO AYXOTna aamara HapOAHa necaa, 3apaAII mTO e II nparpareaa OAHapOAOTAOnama AeHOBII.Ilecaara ,,)KaJhOCT MaKeAOHCKa"BOu;eJIOCTrJIacII: He »canu, Ciiiano scapu, He iinauu, He POHU iiiuje C'1l3U tcpeaeu, He POHU iiiuje c'1l3U Kp6a6U
iio iauje, nene, tieau otipasu, He pacuiiyeaj cu nuueiiio. - KaKO oa, IlYOO scope, He JlCatla.M: saiiie-iepa ciuapu iiiaiiocajytcoiiax, saiueuepa ciuapu iuaiiuca jyxotiax oeuecxa .MU/l(J,uajxa .MUyupe, oeuecxa uuna uajxa .MUyupe, a euepa, nene, KHu'ia.MU oojoe, a euepa; nene, tcuuia .MU oojoe: 80 6atlKaH .MU/lU 6paiU .MU saiuuanl Ociuauae, nene, cupax cupoiiia, 6e3 iuaiioca, uope IlYOO, 6e3 uajxa; 6e3 iiiaiiuca, IlYOO uope, 6e3 uajtca,
ociiiauae, nene, iiiypctca potiuu.a: ,o;YPIl II aKO neCHaBa npeTCTaBYBa aAallTaQIlja OA nOCTapa HapOAHa necaa, rpeoa na ce npasaae nexa raa e ycrreumo axryanaaapaaa. CJIIIQHII nOTcpaTII ITYJIeBCKIIliMa npaaeao II BO APyrIITe HaBIICTIIHa HapOAHII yMOTBOp611 mTO ra oojasyaa BO npOAOJI)I(eHlle. Ho CIITe TIle aocar II enaa CneQIlcpuqHa rparpnxa sa yxascynaa,e aa MeJIOA"CKaTa JIIIHllja npa BOKaJIHOTO IICnOJIHYBalhe: co CBoeBHAHOnosropyaarse aa BOKaJIIITe (HaMeCTO co HOTaQIlja) aBTopOT caxa Aa yxazce KaKO Tpe6a Aa ce nee CTIIXOT.Toj IICTO TaKa 113peqHO HaBeAYBa co KaKBa IIHCTpYMeHTaJIHanpHAPY)I(6a ce near OAAeJIHIInecaa, Ce saae nexa neCHIIBe 6I1JIe MomHe nonynapaa II BO eMurpaQIlSS
18
Il-p E
11
a
lK
e
PH
C TO
B C K H, QHT.
neno, 25-28
H
47-73.
jara H BO Maxenoaaja, ocofieao nax BO Maja-rajara." Me-rrara sa ,,KpaJIeBHHa Maxenoaaja" co Ae~HaTa nOTeHQHpaHa HaQHOHaJIHa HAeOJIOraja ja nOKpHBaJIa panasocra aa CTIfXOBHTe H HeCMaCHOCTa ua OMeJIHH ja3~HH KOHcrpYKQHH.
5. Bo MOMeHTOT xora MaKeAoHCKaTa eMHrpaQHja BO Byrapnja ja opraHH3Hpa MaKeAOHCKaTa JIHra, a aa I'pexrea-Texe e KOHCTHTYHpaHO HaponHOTO coopanae na Maxenoanja H e <popMHpaHa IIpHBpeMeHaTa BJIaAa na Maxenoaaja (1880),57 Topraja IIYJIeBcKH BO Corpaja, co <pHHaHCHCKaTanOAnpmxa
oA CBOHTe 3eMjaQH, ro
TeKCT
nOA
06jaBH npsaor
AeJI on CBOjOT rpaMaT~KH
He06~HHoT
HaCJIOB "CJIaBSlHCKO-HaCeJIheHHCKH-MaKeAOHCKa CJIOrHI1l.J;A PEQOBCKA'.5S mTO BcymHOCT npeTCTaBYBa npsa oojaseaa Ma-
KeAoHCKa rpaxaraxa BO acropajara aa Yqe6HHKOB e HaMeHeT sa III OMeJIeHHe aamnnaa,
MaKeAOHCKHOT nHCMeH ja3HK. aa OCHOBHHTe yqHJIHmTa H e
KaKO mTO BeJIH caMHOT, aa "CJIaBSlHCKO-MaKeAoHCKHSl3HK'b".
KOJIKY H Aa 6eme <pHJIOJIOmKHnecrpysao COCTaBeHOBOj npHpaQHHK, BO Corpaja 6eme npesexaa KaKO aecaxaa rOCTHH. AKO HeKaKO H MO)l(eme na ce TOJIepHpaaT necaapxare H noeuara, cenax, 06HAOT sa rpaMaT~KO HOpMHpalhe aa MaKeAoHCKHOT ja3HK nexe He MO)l(eme na ce nOAHeCYBa HH KaKO HaMepa. 3aToa IIYJIeBcKH AOJIrO mera 6e3pa60TeH no CocpHCKHTe YJIHQH, 6e3 enexerrrapaa er3HCTeHQHja, HO ynopHo c06HpajKH HapOAHH YMOTBOp6H H pa3HH CTapHHH OA npeCeJIHHQHTe H 6eraJIQHTe OA Maxenoaaja. KY3MaH Illanxapes CBeAOQHnexa Toprnja (casro AO 1882 rOA.) HMaJI cofipano 60raTH H nparoneaa MaTepHjaJIH, HO HHKaKO He MO)l(eJI na aajne H3AaBaQ. A xora ce OCMeJIHJI na rrofiapa AP)l(aBHa cJIY)l(6a, My nOCTaBHJIe YCJIOB na ja CPPJIH HapOAHaTa MHjaQKa 06JIeKa, na rOPAHOT MHjaK peCKO HM OTCeKOJI:,,AKO BHe caxare Aa CH ro CPPJIaM HapOAHOTO 06JIeKJIo, co xoenrro CyM nOpaCHaJI H TOJIKY spesie CyM pa60TeJI sa CBOjOT HapOA, rorain jac He BH ja caxau HH ~6 K., Hapoouu iibcuu u ciiiapunu; "MaplfQa", V, 377, 13. IV 1882,5 If V, 378, 16. IV 1882,2; n. }J; par a HOB D, 3iUlto'ipaljJu'tecKiu ouepx» CIU16R1tCKOU uaciiiu Maxeoouiu: .., 89; If cT If 0 T, Maxeaoncxo-Cnaenucxiii C60pItUKO,I, 231. ~7 C JI a B K 0 }J; If M e B C K H, Bnano nOnOBCKH, CBeToMHp illKapHI( H MHxaHJlO AnoCTOJICKH, Maxeooucxatua AUla U Yciiia60iU sa OpJICa6HO ypeoyeasee na Maxeoouuja 00 1880, "MHCJla",-CKonje, 1985; Il-p D JI a lK e PH C T 0 B C K H, Tlopiiipeiuu u iipouecu ..., Tlpouecu 00 uaxeooucxaiiia stuiiiepaiiiypna u Ha~UOHaAHa uciuopuja, III, 71-91. ~8 D. K., Fpauaiiiuxaiiia ua t. IlYAe6cKu, "MaKe/lOHCKH ja3HK", IV, 2, Cxonje, 1953, 45-47; X. n., 3a Tpauaiiiuxaiiia ua IlYAe6cKu, "MaKe/lOHCKH jasax", IV, 8, 1953, 188-189; Tp ajKO CTaMaTocKH, Maxeoonuciiioiii Topiu Ilyneecxu; aeiuop ua iipeaiiia 'ipaMaiUUKaua uaxeooucxuotu jasux, "HoBa Maxenoaaja", XI, 3432, Csonje, 4. XII 1955, 5; H C THO T, 50p6a 3a uaxeOOHCKU nuiiiepaiiiypen jasux, "MHCJla", Cxonje, 1986, 83-93; top f If jaM. n y JI e B C Kif, 006paltu ciupaouuu. I'hoop, penaxuaja, npenrosop H 3a6eJle1llKH /I-P Bnasce PHCTOBCKH, "MaKe/loHcKa KHHra", Cxonje, 1974, 155-181.
19
cny)l(6aTa
HH nnarara"
- H HM ja TpeCHan 3a)J,ce6e sparara
aa xaanenapa-
jara." Hosonpoaajneaara )J,OK)'MeHTaWlja nOK~Ba nexa rroaexe O)J,TpH rO)J,HHH TIyneBcKH MOnH sa nOMOIn HnH neasaja , KaKBa InTO HM 6Hna nasaaa aa CUTe nanexy nOHe3Ha'IajHH Y'IecHHWf BO ocnoconyaaa.ero aa Byrapaja. Ho Ha)J,ne)I(HHTe BnaCTH HaMeCTO rreasaja - MY HY)J,aTHHBje aa CTapOCTH na ra ofipafioryaa BO OpeXOBCKO HnH JIOMCK061 - casro H casro )J,aHe 6H)J,eBO npecromranara, na He ce 3aHHMaBa CO MaKe)J,OHCKHTepa60TH H na He 6H)J,e CO CBOUTe 3eMjaWi. H xora aajnocne BO 1883 ron. )J,06HBa cxpouaa 60pe'IKa neasaja sa Y'IeCTBOTO BO Pycxo-rypcxara nojaa H ocnotionyaarsero aa Byrapaja'", TIyneBcKH acueno sexe My ce nocseryna aa MaKe)J,OHCKOTO xyrrrypno-nauaoaarmo H ocn060)J,HTenHO neno. HerOBHOT lIOMna)J, H Y'IeH COllJIeMeHHK, lI03HaHHK H sepea cnenoeHHK ,!J;HMHTpHja qY"OBCKH (BO 'IHja 6H6nHOTeKa fietne 3a'IYBaHa H "CnorHHQaTa pe'IOBCKa" na TIyneBcKH, )J,06HeHa nepojarno rrpa 3ae)J,HH'IKHOT npecroj BO Corpaja BO lIO'IeTOKOT aa 90-THTe rO)J,HHH), CO IIHeTeT CBe)J,O'IH (06jaBYBajKu ja H aerosara rpororparpaja) nexa BO 1888 rO)J,HHa 6Hna OCHOsaaa "Clla6jaHoMaKeooHcKa KHUJlce6Ha OpYJlCUHaO)J,esmrpaura MaKe)J,oHWI BO Corpaja, non npercenarencrso aa Topraja TIyneBcKH, xojaurro HMaIlIe uen )J,a ja npepona aaponaara MaKe)J,OHCKarnrreparypa", HO xoja ,,6yrapCKaTa anana ja pacTypH H MH03HHa Hej3HHH '1neHOBH ra HCTepa O)J,repaTopHjaTa aa KHe)KeBCTBoTO,,63. Cauo lIO )J,Be rO)J,HHH 6eme <popMHpaHa HOBaTa Mnaoa scatceooncxa KHUJlC061-taOpYJlCuHa BO Corpnja IlITO co CBOjOT aajasea ceiiapaiiiusasc ro aaanese Haj)KeCTOKHOT peBonT aa CTaM60noBaTa BnaCT.64
6. Fopraja TIyneBcKH HMan lIO)J,rOTBeHO nosexe pa3HH paxorracmr KHurH mTO MY OCTaHaa He06jaBeHH. 3acera, MeryToa, HH ce lI03HaTH casro )J,Ba O)J, OBHe HerOBH paKOlIHCH IlITO ce '1YBaaT BO Corpaja: "CnaB5IHCKOMaKbe)J,OHCKa OIIIllTa HCTOPH51,,65(0)J, 1668 paxonacan CTpaHHQH) H ,,5I3H'I59 K., HapOOHu
rl5CHU U ciiiapunu;
"MapHl.\a", V, 377, 13. IV 1882,4.
Llenrpaneu m.pscaeen HCTOpH'IeCKIIapxus, Co¢lIl1, ¢. 708, on. 1, apx. en. 397, J1. 5-6 II 06.; ll-p D J1a lK e P II C T 0 B C K II, Tlopiiipeiiiu u rlpO/~ecu ..., 1,271-274. 60
61
Ha IICTOTOMeCTO,274-280.
62
Ha IICTOTOMeCTO, 278-279.
63
Y n p a B J\ a, Keu» 6blAa Boniapusi OAR MaI,eOOHiu, V, 5, Cr-Fle'repoypr-u, 5. IX 1913,77.
"MaKeJ\OHCKili r0J10Cb
(MaKei\OHCKII rnac)", 64
469-602;
Il-p D J1 a
lK
e
P II
flPUA03U sa paaeuilioxoiii ua KHllra", Cxonje, 1993, 42-122. 65
215-257.
II,
Maxeooncxuotu
uapoo
U uaxeooncxaiiia
neiiioiiuc. PaCKOrlKU NO nuiiiepaiiiypnu
uaxeooncxaiua
DbJ1rapCKII ICTOp"'leCKI
I.\IIT.J\eJ10, 29-3111
20
C T 0 B C K
II C T II 0 T, Maxeooncxu
KYAiilYPNO-NOl{UONOANO
apXIIB, Codiax , N° 32/1958;
top
uauuja,
I,
U NOl{UONOAHU iileMLL MUCAa,
f II jaM.
I, "MaKeJ\oHcKa IT y J1e B C K II,
HHQa" (OA HaA 470 rrpeIIHlIIaHH paxorracaa C1'paHHQH)66.3aBplIIeHH BO rroCJIeAHHTerOAHHHOA)l(HBOTOTaa aBTopOT, THe ce BCYlIIHOCTH aajsaa-rajaare HerOBH AeJIa, HaIIHlIIaHHaa HajqHCT MaKeAoHCKHja3HK. ITo ce H3rJIeAa, Hcropajara na ITYJIeBCKHe sarronaara YlIITe npa HerOBHOTnpecroj BO Benrpan, a e saspmeaa H nperramaaa sa nexar rro 1892 rOAHHa67, xojaurro rrOCJIeAHace crrosoryaa BO rrpenrosopaaor TeKC aa aBTOpOT. CKOPO 1'pH AeQeHHH TOj C1'pIIJIHBOcofiapa MaTepHjaJIH, rH rrpoysyna AOCTaIIHHTeH3BOPHH mrreparypa, QHTHpa nenecernaa asropa H AeJIa H ja H3rpaAYBa npsara aamnnaaa acropnja aa MaKeAoHCKHOTHapOA ,,ITOCJIaBSIHCKH-MaKbeAoHCKO aapesenaje". KOHCTaTHpajKH nexa ryfllTe acropasapa He ja rrp"Ka)l(aJIe BIICTIIHCKaTa ncropaja aa Maxenoaaja H nexa e HeOIIXOAHOCaMHTe MaKeAOHQII na ro cropar roa, Topraja ITYJIeBCKIICOMHOry Harrop II II COrra1'pIlOTCKII)l(ap ja nperpecysa QeJIaTa 6aJIKaHCKa II CJIOBeHCKaacropnja II ra 6apa HIIlIIKIITe aa MaKeAoHCKIIOTpa3BIITOK. Ce pasoapa, KaKO lIITO rrpaBea II npyrure IICTOprrtapa OA HerOBIIOT KaJIlI6ap, JIeTOrrllCOT ro no-rayaa "OA AeAa Mocoxa, lIIeCTIIOT CHHJarperoa" II CTllrHYBa ce AO BpeMeTO OArrpeA xpajor aa HeroBHOT )l(IIBOT. 3a Hero 6HJIO MHOry 611THOna noxasce nexa MaKeAoHQIITe "ylIITe OAHell3BeCHOnpeste CII HMaJIe corrcraeao AP)l(aBHOnpasrreaae II CBOI1 BJIaAeTeJIII", nexa raa ncropnja cpaKa KopeHII ynrre OA"CTOII 1'pl1eCeT II enna rOAHHa rro nororror BCeJIeHCKII",nexa "CI1crojane non yrrpaBJIeHHe OA CBOI1 BJIaAeTeJIII nasce AO 900 rOAIIHII npen Xpncra", nesa BO .Tpojaacxnor 60j" THe ,,H QapOT ITIIJIIIMOHaCI1 ro 3ary6I1JIe", HO nexa orryxa HaBaMY, BeJIH, "TOKO pesa HajBepHI1 AOKa3aTeJICTBa naxomnre aa OT MaKeAOHCKIITeuapeBII,,68. 3a Hero MaKeAOHQHTe "ce cTapOMecTHII rrOJIOc1'pOBCKII)l(I1TeJIII H rocronpajesnm II 60JIrapCKII, H cpncxn II rpU;KIIII OAnpyra HapOAHOCTI1",HO nexa "OT cnasjaacxaor POA najnarrpen rrpl1AOIIIJIeEOJIrap", a rro EOJIrapl1 OKOJIY200 rOAI1HIIrrpl1AOIIIJIeII Cp611". Kora OA1396 rOA. ,,ITpOrraAHaJIO60JIrapcxoro QapCTBO, TI1KII11MaKeAOHQH11Cp611 norrranaane non TypCKO BJIa66 Llerrrpanea I\bplKaBeH HCTOpH'IeCKHapXHB, COqJHlI, cpo771, on. 1, apx. en. 330. Toa e npenac aanpaseu 01\ enen cryneur sa nporp. Map-rea. Konajara 01\ OBOj npenHc cera e BO
06pa60TKa
H nOl\rOTOBKa sa 06jaBYBa",e, KaKOH I1CTopHjaTa.
M a II C K H, CeemAOCeHKU. Ctiupxa om nesatipaeuuu otipasu U - paKonHc BO ApxHBoT na Maxenouaja BO Ckonje, K. 2. Toj HaBOI\ na 1865 ronaua Majcxn ro nasa aa paxonucor ,,}'I3I1'1HIIl\a" WTO ro HMaJl B paue saenao co Hcropajara, HOaKO ce 3eMaT npenaan 6apa",aTa na ITYJleBCKII01\ 1880 rOI\HHa na My ce nparar YKpal\eHIITe paxonaca BO Cptinja (AC, MY,IJ" IT cpoXI, 214, 1880) H cauara conpscnaa aa paxonacor "CnaBlIHcKo-MaKbeI\OHCKa onurra HCTOPHlI", rpetia na ce 1\0nywTH nexa H I\BaBa paxonaca ce 3anO'IHaTH YWTe BO Cpoaja. Oc06eHO aKO ce liMa npensan nexa ITYJleBCKIIYWTe BO 1880 rOI\. ja 1131\al\e csojara "CnorHHl\a peuoscka" (nps nen) BO Corpaja, lIaKO Hej311HlloT TeKCT 1\0CTa ce pa3JlIIKYBa 01\ TeKCTOTua serosara 06eMlla ,,51111'IIIIIl\a".ITo ce H3rJlel\a Topruja ITYJleBCKlIl\OJlrO pa60TeJl Bp3 OBHe I\Ba paxonaca, sepojarno 1\0 2-3 rOI\HIIHnpel\ CMpTTa. 67
H II K
0
Jl a K
H
P
0 B
Cb6umWl. 'facT TpeTa, COcpHlI, 1958,89-90
68
topfllja
M.ITYJlesCKH,l\HT.l\eJlo,215-217.
21
p;H'leCTBO, a Byrapa Maxenoaaja"?".
ce pasoerane",
rra ,,p;a)Ke
no
cera TYPQlf
snanear
Hap;
OHa mTO 6eme Ba)KHO sa PaRKa H sa Tlaacaja, He e rrosranxy Ba)KHO H aa HamHOT PaKOBCKH: crapara CJIaBa Tpe6ame na 6JIemTH co JIerHH on xpanesa H napeaa - CBOHH TYrH. Ce pasfiapa, aajomnapao H co MHOry neraJIH e npocneneaa acropejara aa aHTHqKaTa MaKep;OHCKa npacana, 3amTO Toa 6eme TeMeJIOT aa QeJIa enaa aneonoraja mTO P;YpH H neaecxa MHoryCTpaHO O)KHBYBa. 3aToa IIYJIeBcKH ynrre BO CBOjOT npep;rOBOp ce TpyP;H nenatrruo na npecuera ,,KOJhK)' uapesa OMarre Maxenoana CBOjH H KOJhK)' TYrH uapesa", na aanenyna: ,,1-BO. 3a OT CTO H Tpup;eceT H enaa ronaaa no nOTonOT BCeJIeHCKH, THKH P;O p;eBeTCTOTHHHrop;HHH npen XpHCTa He je TOqHO H3BeCTHO 6pojOT aa napeaare OM MaKep;OHCKH, sape npen crojaurre BpeMeHCKO pacrojanae He MH 6HJIO B03MO)KH0 Hap;JIe)KHHTe cxasasaja na ra H3Hajp;aM H caM p;a ra nperJIep;aM, Ta p;a ra 3a6eJIe)KHM. TOKo, sapana npen peseaa cxaaarmja OCTaBaM 6eJIemKH BO nOp;OJIHHBe penosa sa npyra nOCJIep;OBaTeJIH aexa rH HCKa)KeT KOJhK)' uapesa 6HJIe.
npen
2-po. A OT p;eBeTCTOTHHHroP;HHH npen XpHCTa nasce no 148 romraa XpHCTa MaKep;OHQIf OMarre 82 napa on csojaaponaa BJIap;eTeJIH.
3-KO. A OT 148 ron, npen XpHCTa p;a)Ke p;o 395-Ta Maxenoaua OM QapYBarre 34 uapeaa pOMCKH. uapysane
uapesa
ron,
no XpHCTa Hap;
4-TO. A OT 395-Ta ron. no 1360-Ta no XpHCTa Hap; Maxenonna OM 70 QapeBH BH3aHTHCKH H enen xpan, 60JIrapCKH H p;Ba napa cpncxa.
5-TO. A OT 1361-Ba p;o 1892-pa TYPQlf.,,7o
ron.
Hap; MaKep;OHQlf HM napyaane
29
Meryroa, nocetina spenaocr HMaaT rrornaajara mTO ce onaecysaar aa apeuero mTO ro onaurysa KaKO CBep;OKHJIH yqeCHHK. Haxo rJIaBHO xopexrao ra UHTepnpeTHpa CTapHTe H3BOPH, TOj He acnynrra na aanpana ,,HcnpaBKa" KaKO onroaop aa THe HCTOpH'lapH, HO H KaKO paajacayaaa,e
aa cassara Heropaja:
,,1-BO. rope 3a6eJIe)KeHH HCTOpHQIf - IIHmyBa IIYJIeBcKH - HJIH on OKO (no TaMHH) HJIH He saojane reorparpaja, HJIH caste npHCTpaCTHO nacane, THKH HaMeCTO ncropaja xasane norapaja. A cexoj qHTaTeJh, 6UP;H KaKBO 6HTHje, KaTO qHTaT caxar p;a saojer KaKBO je 6HTHjeTo OT acropajara H Jhy60BIIHTeH je p;a pastieper sanrto H xone je norapajara, 2-po. IIo HCTOPHKCKOTOxasysan,e, ynrre rroonaanpen Ka3aXMe oTY aa nnanora nomne BOJIrapH BO osaja crpana, a npsajor nOT aamare CTapHHQIf ra HCnOp;HJIe aasan BO CTapHHaTa HM. A no HCTOPHKCKOTO xaayBallie Ka3aXMe H sa nOBTopHHjOT nOT ory enea nen BOJIrapH neuron BO Beca69 70
22
Ha Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO, HCTOTO MeCTO,
217-218. 218.
paoaja co Acrrapyxa HJlH oA Hy)K)J,a HJlH npecaneaa. A rro HCTOPHCKOTOxasaxsre ory TIOJIOCTpB Ba.rrKaHCKH rr'JIHO 6HJl HaCeJIeH, xa H cera: KOH cesep H KOH cesepcxa HCTOK AO AyHaB, a KOH HCTOK AO U;PHO Mope co CJIaBjaHH, a EJIHHH - Cnapra H ATHHa, a TpaKH BO My3HKHja HaCeJIeHH 6HJle, xa IlITO xasane HCTOp~ H HCTOPHjH. A BO rope pexea XXI-BH § peseaa HCTOp~ CHjOB TIOJIOCTpOB Banxancxa ro npercranane casro sa rpsxa H aa 60JIrapCKH HapoAHoCT na 6HJl HaCeJIeH, a sa CJlaBjaHcKH HapoAHoCT HHrAe He cnoxmane H BOCTOqHHTe ~apeBH He ra xasane MaK~AOHCKH CJIaBjaHH, TOKO Tpna H rpsxa napesa ra xasane. A rro HCTOPHKCKOTOH HCTOPHqKO xasysaa,e, ymre noonnanpen xasaxxse, ory Bocrpop H Tlenaroanja, H Ilapnaaja, H ,lJ;OJIHaH Topaa MaxeAOHHja, H MH3Hja, H Tpaxaja, H ,lJ;OJIHaMH3Hja, H Ilposanaja, H CTPeAe~, H Kpaana, H Pacaja, H AyKarHH, H Jenap, H Tecannja, H IlIYMaAHja, H Massa H Ilocrrannja YIliTe na 1400 rOAHHH rrpeA Xpaera co CJIaBjaHH 6HJIe HaCeJIeHH. EHo - BeJIH ITYJIeBCKH - rope pexeaa HCTOPHCKHJIOrapHjH HH nanajer rroson, THKH H sa 60JIrapCKaTa acropnja co CHTe AOKa3aTeJhCTBa, a H sa OT npyra HapOAHOCTH }l(HBYllIqUX BO ITOJIOCTPOB Ba.rrKaHCKH HCTopHjHTe HM na ra Ka}l(eMe sa cexoj HapOAHOCT, sa cexoj HapOA xoramea je BO osaja crpana, nexa CH ra 3HojaT.,,71 Bo csojara Hcropaja ITYJIeBCKH ja npana H npsara rrepaonasanaja aa MaKeAoHCKHOT pa3BHTOK, AaBajKH ja rrapa.rreJIHO H aeropajara aa cocenHHTe HapOAH sa Aa ce pasfiepar HCTOpHCKHTe npoueca BO Maxenoanja, HO aaaneryna H BO npaurarsa OA cexojnaeajero, BO 06HqaHTe H 6HTOT aa aannrre rryre OA pa3HHTe KpaHIlITa, rra naaa AypH H rpaMaTHqKH npernen aa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK H serysa nperrren H na MaKeAOHCKaTa rnrreparypa. Toj H non6HBHO KpHTHKYBa OMeJIHH HeAOCTaTO~ xaj aaumor CBeT, noceoao aa¢pJIajKH ce rrpOTHB ,,MaKeAOHCKHTe rparaaa" IlITO "CHHe ce B03BHllIaBajeT sa 6JIarOpOAHH~ MaKeAOHCKH, a YUJTe He ce cexasajer ory ce MalliH sa CHTe JIOIlIOTHjH IlITO ce aaaocar na xpacrnjaacxoao HaCeJIeHHe MaKeAOHCKO"n. 3a.rrarajKH ce aa eAHO Ha~OHa.rrHO ofienanynaa,e, ncrnapajxa ce npen ce Bp3 CeJIaHCTBOTO H eCHa¢cTBoTO BO Maxenonnja, ITYJIeBCKH nanrysa nexa ,,JIOllIoTHjHTe rparaacxo-aaaenoacxa ce 3aTOBa ory He ce cooripasyaajer co CJIaBjaHcKHHe nneuaa,a, 3aTOBa HMajeT JIOIliO HMe. A npen rrOCJIeAHO HMe, KaTO He je sa xaacynaa,e BO KHHraBa, TOKO MaKeAOHCKH rparaaa nexa ce rroTPYAaT na CH norrpasar HMeTO CH, sape - rrpeAyrrpeAYBa TOj - rrpsa rrOCJIeAOBaTeJIH Ke ro Ka}l(eT.'.?3
Topraja ITYJIeBCKH nocetiao BHHMaHHe HM nocaerysa ua MHja~HTe, npa IlITO npaaa H orrcepsauaa IlITO ce HHTepeCHH OA noaexe acnexrn: 71
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO,
236-237.
72
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO,
253.
73
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO.
23
,,MHja~ - BeJIH TOj - sa HaYKa cnocooaa JbygH ce, aMa KaTO He ce 06pa3yBaHH ynrre MaJIH no MajKHHHja 8M ja3HK, 3aTOBa ocraaynajer cocesr npoera BO )KlfBOTOT CH. a) KaTO onpacrar MomHe BH8MaTeJbHH ce H Jby60BUHTJIHBH aa xao HegoBeTHH na cnyrnajer 6HAH KaKBO npen HJIH nocne xascyaarse ytIeBHO. 6) BHCTHHa, BHHMaTeJbHH ce sa pasfiaparse Majaua, aua OT npocTOTa aaxoro He npasaaaajer sa ysaren, KH 8M je HJIH KH 8M 6HJI, TOKO CO npocroro CH ropnejetse gejCTBYBajeT xao MomHe 3HojHH npocrana, B) A Majaua BO CBe ryPCKO uapynarse He 8M je sanpeao ysen-ero sa no MajKHHHja HM ja3HK, aMa sapana HeMalhe yqHTeJIH ce ysane casro BO QPKOBHH KHHrH, THKH 3aTOBa He ce KHIDKeBHH.,,74
ysea,e
3aToa TOj 8M ynarysa OCTpH npexopa H 8M BeTHTeJICKH COBeTH aa CBOHTe COUJIeMeHHQH:
nan a
nOCOBpeMeHH npoc-
,,r) A Majaua aexa He ce nanysajer xao xepeeo Ha :lKap co npOCTOTa CH, TOKO nasce ra MeTKajeT nenana co QPKOBHH KHHrH, TOKO co gOJIy pexermae KHHrH aexa ra yxar neuara CH BO gOMamHHTe 8M yqHJIHmTa: CJIaBjaHcKa H rparancxa 6yKBapKH H a3-6yKH rnnnetse; Bepcxa MOJIHTBHKOJIKY aa ce6e na saajar H C8MBOJI; CTPeqOBHHQa (gHKTOBKa) na saojar: Ja3HqHHQa (rpaaaraxa) Il.a aaysar; CJIOrHHQa (apHTMeTHKa) Il.a H3YQaT; PaCTeHHjHQa (60TaHHKa); 7-Ma. Jlerormc (aaponna acropaja); 8-Ma. )KHBoTHIhHQa (300JIOrHja); 9-Ta. IlHcMoBHHQa H nHCMeHH C006pa:lKeHHjH; lO-Ta. H 3eMjH-oUHcaHHe nOJIOcTPoBCKO.
I-Ba. 2-po. 3-KO. 4-Ta. 5-Ta. 6-Ta.
A raTaHKH H nOCJIOBH~ H neCHH H npHKa3HH - H3JIHIDHH ce sa BO gOMamHH YQHJIHmTa npell.aBalhe, 3ape nosexe ra MeTKajeT yqeHHQHTe.,,75
7. OBHe 3all.OQHeTH npOCBeTHTeJICKH Hll.eH aa IlYJIeBcKH cenax rH onpa3YBaaT 6apalhaTa Ha MaKell.OHCKHTe HH3HHH H CTeneHOT Ha MaKell.OHCKHOT pa3BHTOK. OT<ppJIajKH rH HapOIl.HHTe YMOTBOp6H on nporpauara aa YQHJIHIDTaTa, roj He npecraayname ynopao na ra cofiapa H caMHOT Il.a ra 06jaBYBa. HHBHOTO aaaxea,e HanOJIHO ro cornenysame, HO cano KaKO nOKa3 na aaponnara KYJIrypa H KaKO nOTTHK aa 6ygelhe aa aaponaaor JI.YXH sa axraaapaa,e BO OCJI060ll.HTeJIHOTO Il.BIDKelhe. 3aToa H cocesr e pa36HpJIHBO 30mTO IlYJIeBcKH nsara pe-raaxa H rpauaraxara ra CMeTame KaKO yqe6HHQH H rH asnaname non penea 6poj, nonexa rH HCKJIYQHoil. Taa aysrepauaja noe-
24
74
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO,
252.
7S
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO,
252-253.
MaTa "CaMOBHJIa MaKeAOHCKa" H ABaTa AeJIa aa ,,MaKeAoHCKa rrecaapxa". TIOCJIeAilHBe 6ea HaMeHeTH CaMO sa B03paCHHTe H aa CBeTCKaTa jaBHOCT. Heropajara, MefyToa, He CTHrHa na ja BKJIyqH BO CBOjOTyqe6HHKapCKH CHCTeM.
t.
M. TIYJIeBCKH CH HMame csoe pastiapaa,e H aa acropajara H aa eraoreaesara aa CnoBeHHTe H nocetiao aa MaKeAOHl\HTe. TIpHPOAHO, OA TaKBOTO ccpatalhe npoaanerysa H HerOBOTO pasfiaparse aa MaKeAoHCKHOT ja3HK. Toa 6eme ce BO paMKHTe na ToramHaTa HAeOJIOrHja aa T.H. ,,M~KeAOHHCTH", KOH ce rrpOCYAYBaa HH3 crrexrapor aa KOHTHHYHTeTOT aa aHT~KHTe MaKeAOHqR KaKO CJIOBeHH. 3aToa TOj ynrre BO npenrosopor KOH Hcropajara BeJIH: ,,A CJIaBjaHcKo-MaKe));OHCKOBO aapexeaaje, aKO je OTCPPJIeHO ynrre OT xparsa <DHJIHIIa II-pH, aMH rrax je OCHOBaHO sa omnr CJIaBjaHcKH ja3HK. THKH, sa Aa ce yseper Jhy60BIIHTCTByjymTH qHTaTeJIH, aexa BHAeT BO nera ));eJI, KHHra XI-Ta, a BO rnasa IV-Ta H BO V-Ta AejCTBHTeJhHO ce Bo06pa3eHH CBHja3HqHH CO));p)KHlhe.,,76Bo COrJIaCHOCTco Toa, TIyJIeBCKH H cera (xaxo H BO 1875) ja HarJIacYBa rrorpeoara aa 06e));HnyBalhe na CHJIHTe BO H3rpaA6aTa Ha e));HHCTBeHJIHTepaTYpeH CTaH)l;ap));, cera co TeHneannja aa onrpaxaa,e H aa nomapoxaor CJIOBeHCKHEaJIKaH: ,,A CTapH rrpaBOCJIOB~ pexne oTY sa cojenmrynau,e enea aaponea ja3HK CHTe ja3~HH pa3JIHKH ce cofiepynajer, THKH e));HaKOBCJIOBeCHOCTce cypenysar aa CBH COjesa na ro pastiapajer. A sa KaKO mTO peKJIe CTapH rrpaBOCJIOB~, H HCTOPHjasa je HaIIHcaHa aa onmr CJIaBjaHcKH jasasea OCHOB, a HCKa)KaHa OT rrOMHO)KeCTBeH e));HaKOB CJIOBeCHOCT rro CJIaBjaHcKO-rrOJIOcTpoBCKO napeqeHHje 6e3 nopoxa H pa3JIHKa sa na ja pasfiapajer CBH rrOJIOcTpoBCKH CJIaBjaHH.,,77 Hocefiao BHHMaHHe 3aCJIy~Ba aerosara paxonncaa ,,~13~lIHQa" mTO ja HMaMe casto BO TYl' nperrac, 6H)l;ejKH, cnopen TBp));elheTO na paoor~e BO Byrapcxaor HCTOPHCKH apxas BO Codiaja, OPHrHHaJIHHOT npaMepoK ,,HCqe3HaJI" oA nerroara. Ilopana onrrereaocra, npsara H rrOCJIe));HHTe CTpaHH~ He 6HJIe npenamaaa, na He snaesre TOqHO HH KaKOB 6HJI rrOJIHHOT HaCJIOBHH mTO e Ka)KaHO BO aBTopOBHOT yBO));eH));eJI78. ,,Ja3~HHQaTa" scynmocr H He e HeKaKOB qHCTO rpavara-txa TeKCT, TYKy IIpOCTO 1CHUla sa .AW1CeOOHC1Cuoiii jasutc, co MHOry 6eJIe3H aa CBoeBH)l;eH iiionxoeeu pe-oaoc, co napanerm H co npyrare CJIOBeHCKH H 6aJIKaHCKH jasmta, KaKO H Tparop TIpJIHqeB npen Toa79, H nYJIeBCKH JIHTepaTYpHHOT 16
Ha HCTOTO MeCTO,
11
Ha HCTOTO MeCTO,
219. 219-220.
18 Bo 1962 ron, ToraWHHOT paKOBO/lHTen aa PaKonHCHHOT onnen na Haponuara 6H6.Kapan H MeTO/lHj" BO Corpaja /I-P M. Crojaaos HH /lOnyWTH /la ro pasrnenaue paxonaHcropajara, HO aa ,,Ja3H'IHHl\an" aape-uro IIH pe'le: "Hea HeMa na BH ja /la/laM HH na ja
nHOTeKa COT na
BH/lHTe, 3aWTO Ke ja HCKOPHCTHTe npOTHB Hac. OC06eHO npenrosoport" 19
r p
U:eJlaKOCKH [HJ ipascuauaoca.
H
r
0
p C. IT P n
H 'I
e
B,
HMHTap CMHneCKH, DHToJla,
Kpaiiixa
CIlOBeHCKa ipauaiauxa.
Kpaiioca
.
CIlOBeHCKa 'ipaMlliIiUKa.
1992; r p H r 0 Ilpapenane:
p
IT P
Ilpapenane
JI H 'I e B, Kpaiiixa
;IJ;HMHTap
Tlaanea
H
Hayu
CJU1BRHCKa
Ilpara Crerpa-
25
H3pa3 3HaqHTeJIHO ro apxaasnpa, KOHcrpyHpa H3BeCeH AeKJIHHaIJ,HCKHCHCTeM, yrrOTPe6YBa HeKOH nanesora ¢OpMH mTO He MY ce cBojCTBeHH aa HapOAHHOT rOBOp H c03AaBa cneuarpasaa rpaaa'rasxa TepMHHOJIOrHja, co 60raTCTBO aa HeOJIOrH3MH H MomHe HHTepeCHH xanxapaa,a. Eo cnopenfia co 06jaBeHHoT nps AeJI OA .Cnoraaua pe-roscxa" ce KOHCTaTHpa nexa ce pa60TH aa nocetiaa KHHI'H, HaKO co H3BeCHH Mefyce6HH CJIHqHOCTH. Tparpajara e pesnca HCTaTa. YrroTPe6YBa 36 6yKBH, HO HeKOH casro aa npeaecysaa,e aa crpaHcKH 360pOBH. KapaKTepHCTHqHO e mTO BO
ne-tareaara "CJIorllHQa pesoncxa" TIYJIeBCKH ro IIHmYBa xpajnaor -'b xaj 3aTBOpeHHTe CJIOrOBH, AOAeKa BO ,)a3uqH~aTa" BO TaKBa ¢yHKIJ,Hja sexe ro HeMa. MCTO TaKa e Ba)KHO mTO aBTopOT BO paKOIIHCOT, 6apeM cnopen npenaCOT, yrrOTPe6YBa aKQeHTHpalhe aa 360pOBHTe, a noceoao BHHMaHHe 8M rroCBeTyBa aa MeKHTe KOHCOHaHTH BO MaKeAoHcKHoT ja3HK, 06eJIe)K)'BajKH ra (CO rrouourra aa MeKHOT 3HaK b) CO ABojHH 6yKBH mTO rH TPeTHpa KaKO enaa: Kb, lb, JIb, Hb. Cocesr HOPMaJIHO, KaKO CrreIJ,H¢HKa aa MaKeAoHCKHOT ja3HK, aBTopOT rrocetiao ja rrOTeHIJ,Hpa ynorpeoara aa TPOjHHOT qJIeH, HaKO HepeTKO ra CMemYBa rpaaarasxare xareropaa, 3HaqH, .Jasa-raanara" e AeJIO mTO norrpsa Ke ro rrpHBJIeKYBa BHHMaHHeTO aa HCTPa}KYBaqHTe He casro BO paMKHTe aa HHTepeCOT aa AeJIOTO aa Topraja TIYJIeBCKH, TyKy H aa npoysysaa-ero aa pasnojaare TeHAeHQHH aa IIHCMeHOCTa BO HamHOT XIX BeK BOOIImTO. He HH e rr03HaTO AaJIH He ce OCTaHaTH MO}Ke6H H APyrH paxonacn OA TIYJIeBCKH, HO TOj aajasa yurre HeKOJIKY CBOH AeJIa: ,,POAOCJIOBlIHQa", .Haponaa rreCHOCJIOBHHQa(Meranoraja)", "CMHCJIeHHQa (JIofHKa)", .Byxsap OA qeTHpH jasaxa" H ,,06HqaH H necna jyrOCJIaBeHcKH". A HHKoJIa qyrroBcKH (6paToT aa AHMHTPHja l..IyrroBcKH) BO csojara aeaaspmeaa asrooaorparpaja (1925), IIHmyBajKH aa MHjaIJ,HTe H sa HHBHHTe npecenoa
Topraja
HH3 Maxenoaaja, HaBeAYBa (xaxo OA HajaBTOpHTeTeH H3BOp): "CrropeA KHHraTa aa Feopra TIYJIeBCKH, POAYM OA raJIHqHHK, [MHjaIJ,HTe] 6HJIe rBaAejIJ,H na A. MaKeAoHcKH"gO, a aa Apyro MeCTO, xora nanrysa aa coceAHOTO IIJIeMe .Bpcjaua (Ep3aIJ,H)", HHKoJIa ce apryaearapa: "CrropeA KHHrara aa noxojaaor Teopra TIYJIeBCKH, POAYM OA CeJIOTO [raJIHqHHK], 'BeJIaT nexa Ep3aIJ,HTe 6HJIe 6p3aTa apvaja aa AJIeKcaHApa MaKeAOHCKH".sl. ABTO6Horpa¢OT He Ka}KYBa OA xoja KHHra aa TIYJIeBCKH ra KOpHCTeJI OBHe IJ,HTaTH, HO TOKMY THe HajHJIYCTpaTHBHO rrOKa}KYBaaT KaKBO BJIHjaHHe H KaKOB aBTOpHTeTeH H3BOP sa saaersa 6HJIe THe KHHrH BO rrpOQeCOT aa ¢opMHpauaja, necer
OXPHj\, rOj\HHH 80
1994. Osaa rpawaraxa e nOj\OQHa (1878) Flpnaxee Il-p B 11a lK e PH C TO B C
naystno-nuiiiepaiiiypno opyiapciueo cxo-pycxuiiie epcxu u paeeuiiioxoiii
1978,54. 81 Ha
26
HCTOTO MeCTO,
57.
COCTaBeHa ja K
BO
aanamysa
H
H,PUMuiiipuja
eo Ileiupoipao. ua uaxeooucxaiua
Haparpan BO 1868 ronana, a aa TOj necaara "Pa60B"b OCB060j\HTeJIIO!". Hyiioecxu
Tlpunosu
(1878-1940)
ja3HK
u Maxeooucxoiiio
KOIl iipoyuyeaseeiiio ua MaKeOOIlIiaI{UOIiaAIia MUCAa, I, .Kynrypa", Cxonje,
lbeTO na HCTOpHCKaTa H aa Ha~OHarrHO-nOJIHTHqKaTa CBeCT, aa npeTCTaBHTe aa MaKep,OHQUTe aa CBOeTO nOTeKJIO H K)'JIryPHHOT pa3BHTOK HH3 BeKOBHTe. He cnyxajao H BHCOKO npocserenaor AHMHTpHja qynoBcKH QeJI )KUBOT aa caanapsero aa CBOjOT qaCOBHHK CHja HOCHnapara co JIHKOT aa AJIeKCaHp,ap MaKep,oHcKH82, a KaKO cHM60JI-aM6JIeM aa MaKep,OHCKOTO 3HaMe ro ynoTpe6H enaoporaor KOlb aa AJIeKCaHp,pa EYKecparr83 .
* Toa e aBTop,Hp,aKTOT Topraja M. TIYJIeBCKH, qOBeKOT mTO HeCOMHeHO rrosexe caxaine OTKOJIK)' mTO MO)Keme, HO KOj OCTaBH nena co ocooeaa HCTopHcKa Bpep,HOCT BO 06JIaCTa aa MaKep,OHCKaTa nexcaxorparpaja, CPHJIOJIOrHja, ncropaorparpaja, JIHTeparypa, CPOJIKJIOpHCTHKa,npocsera H rrocefiao BO peaonyuaonepaoro Ha~OHarrHOOCJI060p,HTeJIHO p,eJIO, nOCTaBYBajKH neMapKa~oHa JIHHHja nosrery p,Be Cyp,60HOCHH enOXH op, MaKep,OHCKHOT pasBHTOK: TIYJIeBCKH npa llHCMeHO ra p,ecpHHHpa Ha~OHarrHHTe 3ap,aqH na MaKep,oH~Te KaKO noce6eH eHTHTeT, 3aCHOBaHH Bp3 K)'JIryPHO-HCTOpHCKOTO MHHaTO, nOTpe6HTe aa coapexeaocra H osexysatsara BO HAHHHaTa, na ro saapum nepaonor aa xynrypao-npoceeraoro pasneaacyaaa,e H ro 3anoxaa aauaoaanao-peaonynaoaepsnor. Toj npa nojacao cornena nexa cavo npexy aeonxonaara aarmouanaa npocsera H BOCllHTaHHe, HO H co napanemra opyscena pesonyrmaoaepaa 60p6a MO)Ke na ce H3BojYBa nOJIHaTa aauaoaanaa H nOJIHTJf'lKa CJI060p,a aa MaKep,OHCKHOTnapon, KaKO "caMO pasoynea caaoyx, qOBeK on aaponor, mTO He 0p,6HpaIlle MUOry on rpavarasxa npanana H mrreprrynxtnrja, MaKap H na rosopeme sa THe pa60TH", TOj HaBHCTHHa CTaHa .noaenocpenea H3pa3HTeJI na MHCJIHTe H CTpeMe)KHTe na aapomrare HH3HHH, onourro HeKOH ToramHH aaura arrrenexryanua IllTO BO nouana HJIH nOrOJIeMa Mepa cenax rrornarane non ryro BJIHjaHHe'.84. Toa 6eme H ep,HHCTBeHHOT H3JIe3eH nar PaQHH H qeHTO.
IllTO ro nparparnja
82
Ha
HCTOTO MeCTO,
II, 293-294.
83
Ha
HCT TO MeCTo,
285-296.
84
B 11 a
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AeJIqeB,
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iipepootia,
97.
27