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A legacy of action
Inside: An original IPPSter looks back How the Ford School got its name Shibuya (MPP ’88) negotiates trade for Japan
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
In 1969
, the University of Michigan launched a degree that was new not just to Michigan: it was the first of its kind in the nation, the Master of Public Policy. It was the brainchild of the brilliant young Pat Crecine and his colleagues, faculty at the Institute of Public Policy Studies (IPPS). Then an undergraduate at Yale, James Hudak was deeply moved by the plight of those rising up against poverty and racism in Detroit and other cities. He saw a poster advertising the new Michigan degree. Inscribed on the poster was a challenge: “Do you want to solve impossible public policy issues?” His answer—like the answer given by so many since then—was yes. Hudak went on to devote his successful career to improving health policy. His legacy now includes a professorship in health policy he’s endowed here at the Ford School. It’s currently held by social demographer Paula Lantz, a teacher and leader whose work seeks to understand and reduce racial and socio-economic disparities in health.
We approach our work with integrity and with a commitment to service. We say yes to the challenges of our time. Together, we’re building our legacy. In the mid-1970s, faculty leaders such as IPPS director Jack Walker envisioned naming Michigan’s policy school for the university’s favorite son, President Gerald R. Ford—an idea eventually embraced by Michigan and by Ford. The years have done nothing but burnish Gerald Ford’s legacy. His name today is synonymous with integrity and public service— and every student who earns a Ford School degree carries that worthy legacy forward.
In 2007, after two years of careful planning, the Ford School opened its doors to undergraduates for the first time in its long history. That first group of BA students graduated 10 years ago. They are now teachers, analysts, lawyers, and business owners. They’re leaders, and their accomplishments make good on the vision of the program’s founders. Today at the Ford School, we’re hard at work amid all the excitement and bustle of a new semester. We’re launching high-profile new initiatives such as the Weiser Diplomacy Center, which will bring Hillary Rodham Clinton, Condoleezza Rice, Samantha Power, Stephen Hadley, and Steve Biegun to campus this fall. We’re welcoming our first-ever Master of Public Affairs students into the school. We’re innovating in our curriculum, our classrooms, and our collaborations with other units on campus and in policy communities. There’s so much to do, and our hands and our minds are full of the present, yet we are also planning and striving for the future. We approach our work with integrity and with a commitment to service. We say yes to the challenges of our time. Together, we’re building our legacy.
M i ch a el S . B a rr Joan and Sanford Weill Dean of Public Policy Frank Murphy Collegiate Professor of Public Policy Roy F. and Jean Humphrey Proffitt Professor of Law
Fall 2019 The Magazine of the Gerald R. Ford School
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of Public Policy
Leg a cy State & Hill Dean: Michael S. Barr Associate Dean for Academic Affairs: Paula Lantz Associate Dean for Research and Policy Engagement: Elisabeth Gerber Director of Communications/Executive Editor: Laura K. Lee (MPP ’96) Art lead: Nicholas Pfost (MPP ’15) Editor and writer: Becky Moylan Contributors: Julia Henrickson (MPP/MSW ’19) Class Notes Editor: Elisabeth Johnston Coordinator: Margaret E. Mason Photographers: Austin Thomason, Peter Smith, Scott Soderberg, Bentley Historical Library Design: Savitski Design Printer: University Lithoprinters, Inc. Tell us what you think: fspp-editor@umich.edu, or Editor, State & Hill, Ford School, University of Michigan, 735 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091 Cover illustration: Alex Nabaum, The iSpot
Majoring in making a difference 6 Marking 10 years since our first BAs graduated
How the Ford School got its name 8 The inside story on how U-M named its policy school for President Gerald R. Ford
Hudak (MPP ’71) gives back 12 One of our first MPP students invests in health policy research and teaching
Michigan Public Policy Survey at 10 14 CLOSUP has been tracking key Michigan issues for over a decade
Faculty Findings 16 Legacy research from Axelrod, Corcoran, Courant, and Simon
In addition Meet the Masters of Public Affairs 11 Christina Cross (PhD ’19) breaks new ground on family structure, health 18 Kazu Shibuya (MPP ’88) negotiates U.S.-Japan trade deal 20 Poverty Solutions drives Michigan auto insurance reform 22
Departments Discourse, Ford School faculty in the news 25 Faculty News and Awards 26 Class Notes 28 The Last Word: Naomi Goldberg (MPP ’08) and Ian Swedish (MPP/MBA ’10) on alumni giving 30
Regents of the University of Michigan Jordan B. Acker, Huntington Woods Michael J. Behm, Grand Blanc Mark J. Bernstein, Ann Arbor Paul W. Brown, Ann Arbor Shauna Ryder Diggs, Grosse Pointe Denise Ilitch, Bingham Farms Ron Weiser, Ann Arbor Katherine E. White, Ann Arbor Mark S. Schlissel, ex officio
The University of Michigan, as an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, complies with all applicable federal and state laws regarding nondiscrimination and affirmative action. The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of equal opportunity for all persons and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability, religion, height, weight, or veteran status in employment, educational programs and activities, and admissions. Inquiries or complaints may be addressed to the Senior Director for Institutional Equity, and Title IX/Section 504/ADA Coordinator, Office of Institutional Equity, 2072 Administrative Services Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1432, 734-763-0235, TTY 734-647-1388. For other University of Michigan information call 734-764-1817.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
A legacy of results
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“Legacy. What is a legacy? It’s planting seeds in a garden you never get to see.” — Lin-Manuel Miranda
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ometimes, you do get to see your legacy. Or at least, see the green shoots making their way up through the ground. When we plant seeds of public service, of commitment to facts, of integrity, our legacy is certain.
. . . A new degree program whose graduates—now ten years out—are succeeding, making their communities better, starting new businesses, solving problems . . . A skilled and creative analyst applies his graduate education in the private sector, and finds solutions that improve both the bottom line and the lives of injured workers. . . . Two experienced public servants sitting across a trade negotiating table, each representing a superpower nation, discovering that they both trained at the Ford School decades ago. . . . The enduring inspiration for a policy school to be named for a president known above all else as a man of integrity.
In this edition of State & Hill, we reflect on commitments and contributions that grew and blossomed into big results—on public service that became legacy.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
Creating a Legacy
Majoring in making a difference The first Ford School BA cohort marks ten years since graduation By Becky Moylan
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n 2009, the first group of students to earn a bachelor’s degree in public policy from the University of Michigan walked across the commencement stage at Rackham. They had earned a liberal arts degree steeped in the social sciences. They were equipped, the program’s creators hoped, with the skills to think critically, to write well, and to devise solutions to public challenges.
That first cohort of 58 graduates has been out in the world for a decade now. The degree has led them to a diverse array of careers— on Capitol Hill, in classrooms, at hospitals, at nonprofits, and at law firms. Ten years out, graduates include analysts, consultants, lawyers, and high school teachers. They include the chief of staff for a Member of Congress, an assistant attorney general, and a judge. “It’s an interesting mix of jobs, which is what I hoped would happen,” says emeritus professor John Chamberlin as he looks over the list of where graduates work today. As the founding director, he shepherded the inaugural class through the program, with a hand in admissions, curriculum development, and advising. A rigorous liberal arts degree with an intense focus on writing, a BA in public policy trains people to think, maintains Chamberlin. The coursework embraces the complexity of policy
issues and challenges students to think about the whole problem. This approach was very attractive to students from the start, Chamberlin says. Policy seminars, each crafted around a specific topic, became a hallmark of the program, as did the requirement to identify a focus area. “Importantly, these interdisciplinary seminars offer students practice in analyzing controversial issues from a multitude of perspectives—a critical part of effective problem solving in the real world,” said Sharon Maccini , current BA program director. The small class size for seminars (the seminars were capped at 25 students at the beginning of the program, and now average just 20 students) is remarkable at a large university. It allows for individualized attention from teachers, such as detailed, extensive feedback on writing and high expectations for class participation.
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“Importantly, these interdisciplinary seminars offer students practice in analyzing controversial issues from a multitude of perspectives—a critical part of effective problem solving in the real world.” S h a r on M a c c ini
The students who were here in 2007 had rarely experienced such a learning environment. It clicked. Between the bright students (Chamberlin recalls faculty raving about and a bit amazed by the students in the early years) and dedicated faculty, “the chemistry worked,” says Chamberlin. Weill Hall, which opened just a year before the Class of 2009 entered, helped with that chemistry as well. (BA ’09), currently pursuing a PhD in pharmacy at the University of Washington, was on track to get a degree in political science before the Ford School BA started. Hoping to work in DC, she opted for a degree that promised to be less theoretical and more applied.
Borovitz as the BA student speaker, 2009 commencement
Elizabeth Brouwer
Brouwer recalls that in an early class at the Ford School daylight savings time was explored as an example of an issue with strong sentiments on both sides and far-reaching implications. “I knew I was in the right program at that point because I was learning about people who literally controlled time!” she quips. From the start, the program gave students access to faculty who would push them to work hard as well as practitioners who could teach from experience. “Congressman Joe Schwarz and Professor insight into public policy, the political system, and campaign management based on their previous experiences was unmatched,” says Drew Renacci (BA ’09), now a senior associate at Squire Patton Boggs.
Rusty Hills ’
At the heart of the instruction, reflects Chamberlin, is the notion that good ideas aren’t enough to change things. Students are asked to wallow in the complexities of governing: stakeholder perspectives, political realities, and effective implementation. The coursework explores, for
example, why ideas that seem good in theory (or at least, become law), sometimes do not pan out in execution. Thinking about things deeply and from different angles has helped Jeremy Borovitz (BA ’09) in his winding career path. “It was the Ford School that gave me the support to think about policy and its effects, but to think about it in a way that made sense for my life,” he says. Borovitz, too, thought he was bound for Washington when he entered the program. His passions, along with encouragement from Ford School mentors, led him instead to apply to the Peace Corps. After his service, he remained abroad and is now a rabbi living in Berlin. “What I learned in the Ford School about analyzing and writing policy is still a part of my everyday life,” he writes. “How do we define the strictures of our community? How do we determine the pillars upon which our community will stand? How do we balance a reverence for tradition with a commitment to openness, one that reflects our modern-day sensibilities and realities?” Class of 2009, we’re proud of how you write, how you think, and how you’re making a difference in your communities! ■
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
Creating a Legacy
A man of
enormous integrity How the Ford School got its name By James Tobin
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n December 1977, at the annual party of the Institute of Public Policy Studies (IPPS), a young graduate student named James McIntire (MPP ’78) found himself chatting with the Institute’s director, the political scientist Jack L. Walker, Jr. Out of the blue, Walker said: “Jim, what would you think if we named the Institute for Jerry Ford?” Professor Walker had been nursing the idea ever since the Republican Gerald R. Ford had lost the presidency to the Democrat Jimmy Carter the year before—and especially since Ford had signaled his interest in teaching at his alma mater. Walker was hoping to expand IPPS’s size and influence. He thought a closer association with U-M’s most prominent alumnus might be a force-multiplier. He was well aware that Ford’s pardon of his disgraced predecessor, Richard Nixon, made him persona non grata among many liberals—thus his question to young McIntire, who had recently left the U.S. Senate staff of the Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey. McIntire said: “Sure, you can do that, Jack. And then when I graduate I’ll call a press conference and burn my diploma on the steps of Rackham. “What does it say about policy that we would name the school after him? ‘I pardoned a crook’?” They changed the subject. In time, proponents believed, Ford’s reputation for integrity and bipartisanship would far outshine the passing storm over the Nixon pardon. But it would take nearly a quarter-century and a new vision of public policy at Michigan for Walker’s notion to be realized. The key obstacle was not the opposition of liberals like McIntire. It was the ex-president himself. A number of programs in higher education were associated with the names of former presidents, and some had been jump-started by congressional appropriations. But as a deficit hawk in an era of endless federal red ink, Ford said he wanted no funding from Congress for any program with his name over the door. He had chosen U-M as the site of his official presidential library (with an affiliated museum in his home town of Grand Rapids, which he represented in Congress for decades.)
But construction of the library and museum would be paid for with private donations. Only their day-to-day operations would be funded by the National Archives. In any case, U-M officials were leery of developing two Ford projects—the federal library and a public-policy school—at the same time. So the idea of a Ford School at U-M went back into Jack Walker’s filing cabinet.
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n the 1980s and early ’90s, IPPS remained a small and little-known enclave in U-M’s sprawling empire of colleges, schools and research centers. Its offices were split between Rackham and a downtown office building, then later occupied a floor in the Econ Department’s building. Its faculty had tenure lines in separate departments. There were only a handful of graduate students and no undergraduates. Meanwhile, schools of public policy elsewhere were building endowments and new facilities—tough competition for any effort by Michigan to recruit the best faculty and students. In 1995, led by Professor Edward Gramlich , IPPS made its bid for autonomy, and the Regents approved an upgrade. IPPS would hereafter be a free-standing School of Public Policy. A committee was named with the chief aim of building an endowment.
At the same time, to the surprise of Republicans and Democrats alike, an expanding economy did away with the federal deficit during the Democratic administration of Bill Clinton. So much for President Ford’s caution on that score. Ford had been as active an alumnus as a university could hope for. He visited the campus to teach one-off classes and meet with students and professors. He dined with residents of Martha Cook, hobnobbed with the football team, and participated in any number of forums and conferences at the Gerald R. Ford Library. Then, in 1999, when the University was defending its affirmative-action policies against lawsuits that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, Ford took the side of his alma mater in a widely-read essay in the New York Times. He recalled his friendship with Willis Ward, the AfricanAmerican U-M football star of the 1930s who was benched when Georgia Tech’s team refused to play if a black player took the field. Ford declared that “tolerance, breadth of mind and appreciation for the world beyond our neighborhoods . . . can be learned on the football field and in the science lab as well as in the lecture hall, but only if students are exposed to America in all her variety.”
Photos: Credit, left: Bentley Historical Library. Right: Michigan Photography
His “op-ed” bolstered his standing in Ann Arbor. And it was published just as a new dean was joining the School of Public Policy.
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n talks with U-M President Lee Bollinger, Rebecca Blank — a professor of economics at Northwestern, then a member of President Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisors—had asked if Michigan meant to make its School of Public Policy a national leader. She said the School must have its own professors. It must expand its doctoral program and create a curriculum for undergraduates. It needed new facilities. And to bring all that within reach, it must raise money—lots of it. Bollinger said yes to each point. So Blank took the job. No sooner had she arrived than she said the time had come to name the School for Gerald Ford. The idea had remained in the air since Jack Walker’s day. (Walker had died at 55 in an auto accident in 1990.) Any reservations among the faculty about the Nixon pardon had faded.
“My faculty colleagues thought it was a fine idea,” recalled Paul N. Courant , professor of economics, a past director of IPPS and later U-M’s provost, among other leadership roles. “And although, as a group, faculty in the public policy school are more liberal than members of Congress, they’re probably less dogmatically liberal than members of, say, the Anthropology Department.” A prominent Democrat on the board of regents, Rebecca McGowan, also pushed for the plan.
Bollinger, Ford, and Blank as U-M Regents approved the naming, 1999.
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“She believed in Michigan and she believed in the School,” said Michael Staebler, the prominent attorney who was then McGowan’s husband as well as chair of the committee charged with raising an endowment. “And if the School was named for Joe Schlabotnick, nobody was going to know who we were talking about.” But first the former president had to agree. Dean Blank knew it was a delicate “ask.” Ford retained strong ties to old friends in Grand Rapids. They were potential competitors as fundraisers, since they had long backed both the Gerald Ford Museum and the president’s foundation. “Our thought was: ‘They have to be with us on this,’” Blank recalled. “‘If we’re on opposite sides, the president is not going to agree to this.’” So she and Susan K. Feagin, then U-M’s vice president for development, made the pilgrimage out I-96 to meet with Marty Allen, chair of Ford’s foundation, and other Ford allies. To their relief, the friends were in favor. They called Ford, who said he would welcome a call from Dean Blank. She spoke with him about what his name might mean for the School, the University, and his home state. “And immediately after that conversation,” she said, “I got the green light.” “She can be quite compelling when she makes an argument,” said Catherine Shaw , then the School’s communications director, now U-M’s associate provost for academic and faculty affairs.
Ford at Lorch Hall with policy students, 2003.
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Creating a Legacy President Ford (third from left) at the ceremony commemorating the school’s renaming in 2000
Blank saw three enormous advantages to naming the School for Ford. First, the president’s name was all but synonymous with “Michigan.” So it would instantly identify the School with the University in a way that even the wealthiest donor’s name never could. Then there was his extensive network of wealthy friends and associates. With Ford’s help, their doors and checkbooks would open to U-M fundraisers. Finally, and most important, there was the meaning of Ford’s name in American public life. “You want a name that will last forever,” Blank said. “People will always know who Gerald Ford was. He’s had an important place in American history. “And I will say this more strongly now than I would have before I met the man — I read a lot of biographies and books about Gerald Ford; I met him and got to know him and his family; and the School will never, ever be embarrassed by the fact that they took Gerald Ford’s name. That’s not unimportant. This is someone you can be very, very proud of having as the main name on your School. He wasn’t just the president, but a man of enormous integrity and presence.” On September 12, 2000, a crowd of 2,500 gathered at Hill Auditorium for the official naming ceremony. Henry Kissinger, Ford’s Secretary of State, gave the keynote address. Ford himself told the audience: “There is no higher honor for a man than to have a school bear his name, especially when it is dedicated to public service.”
Naming the School for Ford was perhaps the indispensable step in a chain reaction of growth, including the expansion of the doctoral program, the creation of a twoyear undergraduate curriculum and increased engagement with policymakers at all levels of government. Those expansions fueled the drive for a fine new building. There, too, Ford played a key role in the campaign to raise funds for the construction of Joan and Sanford Weill Hall at the highly conspicuous corner of State and Hill. (The Ford School later sought and received two federal grants, but they were for programming, not construction.) “This is a sign it was the right idea,” said Blank, who, after ten years as dean and four years in leadership roles at the U.S. Department of Commerce, was named chancellor of the University of Wisconsin in 2013. “The name ‘Ford School’ got picked up immediately. There were still a few alums who would show up and refer to it as ‘IPPS,’ but they would almost immediately correct themselves. It signaled ‘Michigan.’ It signaled ‘policy.’ There are a lot of ‘institutes of public policy’ out there. That could be anywhere. This said ‘Michigan.’ “It’s hard to suss out what the effect of that is. But creating that name at the same time that we were building the School — the two are entwined in some important ways. I would like to believe we did a lot of things to build the reputation of the Ford School over those years. But the naming was at least as important if not more important than some of the more substantive, programmatic things we did.”
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n the meantime, James McIntire, the young grad student who had threatened to burn his diploma if IPPS were named for Ford, had earned his Ph.D. and joined the public policy faculty at the University of Washington. In 1998 he was elected to the Washington state legislature. When the School of Public Policy took Ford’s name, McIntire still had his doubts. Then he spent 10 years as a Democratic state legislator and another eight as Washington’s elected state treasurer. In that time, he said recently, “I developed kind of a passion for practicality and getting things done.” His support across the political spectrum was such that after one term as state treasurer, Washington’s Republicans asked him to run for a second term as an independent. When he remained a Democrat, the GOP decided not to nominate anyone to run against him. By the time he left office, his opinion of Gerald Ford had changed. “What I learned from President Ford didn’t have much to do with policy,” McIntire said. “It was more about statesmanship. Pardoning Nixon probably cost him his presidency. He was trying to turn the nation from retribution to reconciliation. Frankly, I don’t know that he was very successful in doing that. But it was absolutely the right thing to do. And in doing it, I think he taught us something about statesmanship. “I would say today I’m proud to be a graduate of the Ford School.” ■
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Meet the MPAs This fall the Ford School welcomes its first Master of Public Affairs students. This powerful new nine-month degree for mid-career professionals combines rigorous training in the Ford School’s hallmark policy analysis suite with the development of high-level public and nonprofit management, leadership, and communication skills. Get to know a few of the 22 students who comprise a diverse and extremely impressive inaugural cohort.
grew up hearing his dad ask “If not you, then who?” He’s taken that call to service to heart: he’s been an intern for the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, a City Year AmeriCorps volunteer in Columbia, SC, an English teacher in Japan, and most recently, a development manager with the Mayor’s Office of Cultural Affairs in Charleston. After five years in city government, Rooney comes to the Ford School to diversify his portfolio on domestic and international affairs and strengthen his management skills. “I’d like to find new ways to serve, and the Ford School will be excellent training ground,” he says.
Gordon Rooney
With a passion for music, Dominic P. Arellano founded Forward Arts, a nonprofit that grows and sustains Detroit’s arts communities and industries by producing arts programming, providing services to artists and organizations, and supporting long-term strategic planning for Detroit’s art community. This work, along with roles at the Detroit Symphony Orchestra and the Detroit Electronic Music Festival, led Arellano to realize that he needed more skills around public policy to achieve his vision for arts and culture in the community. “It became clear to me that while the nonprofit sector can be a great supporter of public leadership and government, it cannot replace it,” explains Arellano as he describes his journey to the Ford School.
» Read more profiles online at fordschool.umich.edu/mpa-1st-cohort
Inés Jiménez Llorente grew up in Spain, but found herself studying in the south of France, then working in England, and eventually moving to the United States. Her work has been as diverse as her travels, with stints at Amnesty International, American Express, the Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, and the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Over the past few years, Llorente’s personal experiences in the U.S. and her most recent job— supporting grassroots organizations working on forced-displacement and migration issues in Cambridge, MA— drew her attention to immigration policy and migrant/refugee integration. “My own experience as a migrant opened my eyes to a reality I had hardly seen beyond the perspective of a national,” said Llorente. With the skills she gains in the MPA program, she hopes to influence immigration and integration policies.
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Regression on integration Greeted by a full crowd in the Ford School’s Betty Ford classroom in April, U-M graduate Rucker Johnson (PhD ’02 Econ) returned to Ann Arbor in April to discuss his new book. Drawing on the longitudinal studies that underpin Children of the Dream: Why School Integration Works (2019, RSF Press), Johnson showed students, faculty, staff, and community members how students who attended integrated and well-funded schools were more successful in life than those who did not—and that this held true for children of all races.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
Creating a Legacy
An original IPPSter gives back James Hudak’s gift establishes a named professorship in health policy
By David Pratt
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want to use my money, not to change my lifestyle, but to change the world,” says James Hudak, MPP ’71. “And I believe that education is the way.” “Most Ford School graduates work in the public sector,” Hudak continues, “and do not make a lot of money. I happened to do well in the private sector, so I wanted to give to the Ford School.” Hudak has done many good things for the Ford School, including student and faculty support and a recent gift to WeListen, a student group that facilitates dialogue across the political spectrum. Hudak has also served on the Ford School Committee literally longer than he can remember, including more than 20 years as chair. He was instrumental in the Ford School’s raising $47 million as part of U-M’s recent Victors for Michigan campaign. Michael Barr, the School’s Joan and Sanford Weill Dean of Public Policy, calls Hudak “a great and wonderful friend to the School.”
Hudak in Madrid, 1987
Our friend is now doing yet another good thing: establishing the James B. Hudak Professorship in Health Policy here at the school. The inaugural Hudak Professor is social demographer and associate dean Paula Lantz. For Hudak, the drive to help the disadvantaged began more than 50 years ago, when he watched a city burn. In 1967, Hudak came home to Ohio from Yale, looking for a summer job. A Chrysler plant in Detroit hired him as a
water pump inspector, but uprisings in the city that summer closed the plant. “I watched Detroit burn,” he recalls. “I thought, someone has to do something about our cities.” Back at Yale, Hudak saw a poster: “Do you want to solve impossible public policy issues?” The ad was for a new master’s program at the University of Michigan. This was what Hudak wanted to do. He came to Ann Arbor with his wife and their new baby in the fall of 1969; a HUD Fellowship helped with tuition and provided a stipend. “The Master of Public Policy was brand new,” Hudak Lantz remembers. “We all wanted to go out and solve big problems. We have all had positive careers in public service, consulting, or teaching. We have made a difference in the world.” (This year of course marks the silver anniversary of that first MPP class’s entrance into the school.) Hudak’s first jobs did indeed involve cities. He did an internship with the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments about problems in Detroit, and later, as a consultant, tackled a strategic plan for Detroit, when Coleman Young was mayor. “Detroit is one of the most segregated cities in the country,” Hudak says. “Racism is rearing its ugly head in a big way now, but the issue has always been with us. The problems in center cities are as bad as or worse than they were in the 1970s and 1980s.” Hudak also worked internationally, including on a Japanese-Australian study to create a city of the future. In South Africa, he helped envision what the country’s post-apartheid urban future might look like. He returned to the United States in 1989. “Thirty-seven states were in deficit,” he remembers. “They had no money for what I did.”
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Hudak with Susan M. Collins, former dean of the Ford School
But Andersen Consulting took him on to work with their health care clients. “They figured, here’s a guy who worked with Japan and Australia, maybe he can do something with doctors.” It turned out he could. Pathologists at Kaiser Permanente had fought for years over doing lab tests locally but expensively, or sending them away, losing time but saving money. No one had thought of Hudak’s solution: if results were needed right away, get them locally; do everything else regionally. “This is a good example of using my public sector skills in the private sector,” Hudak says. “Thus, I started my health care career!” Six years later, Hudak was Global Managing Partner for Andersen’s Health Care Practice. His education at U-M helped. “One of the great strengths of Ford,” he points out, “is you learn basic business analysis and how to deal in a complex political environment. A public policy degree equips you for both the public and private sectors and for going back and forth between them. I would encourage undergrads today to consider a public policy education to equip themselves for the complex future we face.”
Says Lantz, “I am thrilled to be honored in this way. Jim and I have both dedicated our careers to defining policies and other interventions to make health care more affordable and to address the disparities we have by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and geography. Jim will be a great expert who can help with my research.” Given Jim Hudak’s energy and dedication to service, one might wonder, is he really retiring? Well, not quite. He has just become treasurertax collector for the County of Napa, CA, where he lives. “It is telling of Jim’s commitment and values that he is back in the public sector,” says Dean Barr. Jim Hudak himself says, “Once again, I am finding it fun switching between the private and public sectors—given the kind of education I received at Ford!” ■
Hudak subsequently held positions at UnitedHealth Group, CRC Health Group, and as Chairman and CEO of California-based Paradigm Management Services. I can’t hold a job!” he jokes. “But I have a strong desire to make a difference in the world.” “Paradigm was able to get vastly superior outcomes for badly injured workers and reduce lifetime costs by 40 percent. This showed me that the American health care system could be better. Health care in the U.S. is more expensive than anywhere else,” he declares, “but with some of the worst outcomes. I thought the best way to make an impact on the field would be through a professorship in health policy at Ford. Moreover, Paula is a tremendous scholar and teacher. She is all about improving outcomes for disadvantaged populations.”
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Powerful remarks Ford School senior (now grad) Yvonne Navarette (BA ’19) (right) took the stage at the Big House in May and declared herself “undocumented and unafraid.” Navarette, the second Ford School student in as many years to deliver remarks at the university-wide ceremony, was joined at commencement by Zoha Qureshi (BA ’19), Dean Michael Barr , and Governor Gretchen Whitmer . Just days prior, Gov. Whitmer attributed running for office in part to her time at the Ford School as a Towsley Policymaker in Residence.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
CLOSUP’s Michigan Public Policy Survey turns 10 By Becky Moylan
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t’s been a tumultuous decade in Michigan: three governors, a cratered economy and its recovery, the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history, a public health disaster in Flint, and more.
Placemaking in Flint, Michigan
Through it all, the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS) has taken the pulse of local government leaders’ opinions and perceptions about the many issues they face. The survey was created by researchers at the Ford School’s Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) as a way to meet the center’s founding mission of providing public service to the state and its communities—and because of the information gap they saw in the policymaking process. That is, business leaders and citizens in Michigan were regularly surveyed, but not so with local leaders— despite the key roles they play in shaping local economies and providing the frontline services on which Michiganders rely. In close collaboration with the Michigan Association of Counties, the Michigan Municipal League, and
the Michigan Townships Association, CLOSUP researchers sent the first MPPS into the field in the spring of 2009. It posed questions on fiscal and economic development issues, including the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The response was off the charts: 65 percent of leaders completed that first survey. Local officials have remained hungry to share with and learn from colleagues: the average response rate remains an incredible 72 percent, and all but six of the state’s 1,856 jurisdictions have participated over the years. Launching the survey in the midst of the Great Recession proved core to the program’s purpose: researchers investigate new topics with each wave, but also repeat the original questions on fundamental issues of fiscal and operations policies. Tom Ivacko (MPA ’93), interim director of CLOSUP, describes the annual tracking of those key
Ivacko
issues as “running film” of the economic health of the state’s local governments. While in many counties the reported outlook is markedly improved since 2009, the data reveal huge challenges. “The system of funding local government in Michigan is broken,” Ivacko says, naming it the biggest issue the MPPS has identified. Michigan offers few revenue mechanisms for localities to employ, even as it has cut revenue sharing and kept strict caps on local property tax growth. Ivacko explains that at one time the state judged a locality’s fiscal health on a 10-point indicator scale using administrative data, but academic research pointed to flaws in that system. More recently, Stephanie Leiser , and others crosstabulated data from the state’s former indicator system with MPPScollected data, in which localities describe their fiscal health. The
Sarah Mills ,
flint photo: Michigan Municipal League
Creating a Legacy
Snapshots of the state
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CLOSUP in the Classroom “CLOSUP in the Classroom” is an initiative that links the Center’s research activities with teaching. Students in Debra Horner ’s undergraduate class on Michigan Politics and Policy, for example, conduct original policy analyses using MPPS and other CLOSUP datasets. From autonomous vehicle development to drinking water infrastructure, students have examined some of the state’s most critical issues. Read Ashley Tjhung ’s (BA ’19) working paper, Equitable Placemaking in Detroit: http://closup.umich.edu/equitableplacemaking-detroit.
MPPS captured concerns that weren’t reflected in the state’s administrative data. CLOSUP and Leiser are now expanding this research with a team of Ford School students, to identify better ways for states to monitor local fiscal health. Fiscal health is not the only longitudinal tracking the MPPS does. The survey also regularly collects data on local government employee pay and benefits, trust in government, citizen engagement, environmental policy, and public sector unions, among other topics. It will be no surprise to Michiganders to hear that the condition of Michigan’s roads and other infrastructure has stood out as a concern. “In the first survey we asked respondents to list the top three greatest challenges their communities were facing. In our most recent survey launched 10 years later we asked the same question, the same way. Roads were in the top three in 2009, and remain among the most frequently named problems today.” While there’s been little progress on some issues, in other areas the MPPS has found great strides. One concept tracked by the MPPS has been the economic development approach known as “placemaking,” in which communities capitalize on unique assets to create places where talented people want to live, work, and play. The MPPS has documented how local leaders have become increasingly confident in this new approach over time. The MPPS also polls on timely topics with input from partner organizations and other advisors.
The opioid crisis, housing, poverty, wind power, medical marijuana, and K-12 education are just a few of the topics that make up the 68 total issues covered in 75 reports. Timely polling leads to informed legislation. “The MPPS data has been used to inform lawmakers when [the Michigan Townships Association] testified on bills. The outcome is legislation that better serves the public interest, accomplishes its intended objective, and avoids unintended outcomes,” says Larry Merrill, senior consultant, Public Policy Associates and former executive director of the Michigan Townships Association.
“We’ve learned a ton in a decade and can learn a ton more in the next 10 years,” Ivacko says. “MPPS has gathered unique data not available from any other source.” Through that work, the survey team has had a front seat view of Michigan’s history, and in the process has served the people of the state. ■ Read all 75 MPPS reports at closup. umich.edu. Better yet for the data wonks out there: anyone can download the MPPS data for free. CLOSUP staff deposit public-use datasets for each MPPS survey at U-M’s world class data archive: icpsr.umich.edu.
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Spirit Day Around the globe, Fordies and IPPSters gathered in July for the 9th annual Worldwide Ford School Spirit Day, celebrating the birthday of the school’s namesake, President Gerald R. Ford. Pictured clockwise from upper right: Chicago, Sacramento, Seattle, the Korean Demilitarized Zone, and Singapore.
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Creating a Legacy
F a c u lt y fi n d i n g s Speaking of legacy
Revisit some of our senior faculty members’ lasting research
By Becky Moylan
Mary Corcoran and Paul Courant on gender wage discrimination The gender pay gap is notoriously alive and well, decades after women entered the workforce in large numbers. Mary Corcoran and Paul Courant explored this issue together many times over the years. In one important study, published in 1993, the two, with co-author Robert G. Wood, used data from University of Michigan Law School graduates to explore earnings fifteen years after graduation. Their model was clever: it ensured that the men and women in the sample had identical training and education. They found that a year after graduation, pay for the women was 93 percent of that for their male counterparts. By year fifteen, the gap had ballooned: women earned just 61 percent of what men were paid. But why? The study broke new ground on answering that question because the researchers built a model that accounted for work histories and other theoretically important determinants of women’s wages. Sure enough, their findings linked some of the wage gap to those variables, such as women’s greater role in childcare, switching jobs more frequently, and having practiced law for fewer years. Having empirically accounted for those factors, the authors could be more certain that any gap remaining was likely due to employer discrimination. Since that first study was published, many others have used this same approach, applying the model to other professional fields and more effectively identifying gender discrimination in the labor market.
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Read “Pay Differences among the Highly Paid: The MaleFemale Earnings Gap in Lawyers' Salaries” in the Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3 originally published in July 1993.
Carl Simon on the spread of HIV Carl Simon and his research group were among the first to estimate the contagiousness of HIV. This was difficult to do simply with empirical data since many of those infected, especially in the first San Francisco epidemic, did not know when or by whom they were infected. Simon’s team applied a rigorous calculus-based model to San Francisco data to conclude that it was the recently infected who were especially contagious. A disproportionate amount of HIV transmission occurred in the very first months of infection, often before the infected was aware of his or her infection. This observation has guided many interventions since then. Their work was recognized by the Howard Temin International HIV Prize. Last year, in celebration of this work, the Jacquez-Koopman-Simon scholarship was established to support graduate students using complex systems techniques to shed light on epidemiologic policies.
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Read “Modeling and analyzing HIV transmission: the effect of contact patterns” originally published in Mathematical Biosciences Volume 92, Issue 2, December 1988.
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Robert Axelrod on the evolution of cooperation Using the prisoner’s dilemma from game theory through a biological lens, Robert Axelrod, along with evolutionary biologist W. D. Hamilton, unearthed a theory on the evolution of cooperation that ultimately influenced views on war, governing the internet, cancer research, and more. The journal article, and subsequent book with the same title, emphasized that individuals may interact more than once, which alters behavior. Axelrod and Hamilton posited three sequential questions of robustness, stability, and initial viability of strategies used in the prisoner’s dilemma—defecting to preserve oneself or cooperating with another for longer-term benefits for both. They found that the simplest of strategies, tit for tat, is evolutionarily stable. This research has been cited tens of thousands of times, by scholars from a wide range of disciplines, helping Axelrod earn an eye-popping Google Scholar h-index of 63. Originally a journal article, then expanded and published as a book, the work has been translated into 11 languages.
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Read “The Evolution of Cooperation” in Science Vol. 211, originally published March 27, 1981.
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Read more about these “faculty findings,” and many others, at fordschool.umich.edu/faculty-publications.
Spotlight
Lessons in grassroots organizing It started with a Facebook post—and almost by accident, she started a political movement in Michigan. In April, Katie Fahey spoke with Ford School students, faculty, and staff about the improbable grassroots journey to end gerrymandering, an effort that was so popular that over 60 percent of Michigan voters cast their ballots in support of it.
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All healthy families are not alike Sociologist Christina Cross advances our understanding of dynamics among family structure, inequality, and policy By David Pratt
A family = Mom + Dad + kid(s). Many researchers and policymakers still treat this as the standard. But Christina Cross (PhD ’19) knows a different reality. One she has lived. Cross, a 2019 graduate of the Ford School’s joint PhD program with U-M Sociology, researches family structures and dynamics and their influence on child wellbeing. Cross’s own youth prompted her interest. “My biological parents divorced,” Cross says, “and I lived with my mom and our extended family, but then at times I lived with neither parent. I became curious how family support or the lack of it impacts child outcomes.” These include education and health outcomes and young people’s ultimate success in the labor force and in establishing independent households. Cross is originally from Milwaukee, one of the five poorest and most segregated cities in the U.S. (Detroit is another). She credits support from her family and community as critical to her own success. “My education was complicated,” Cross recalls. “I changed public schools more than a dozen times, corresponding with changes in family structure.” She wanted to go to college but was not sure how. At the Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Milwaukee, she found the Stein Scholars pre-college program, funded by Milwaukee businessperson and philanthropist Marty Stein.
Cross received funding to attend Emory University in Atlanta, where she majored in sociology and participated in the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Program, administered by Emory’s Department of African American Studies. Mellon Mays supports underrepresented students pursuing PhD and academic careers. Christina went about applying to the Ford School to pursue a joint PhD in public policy and sociology. “Coming into Ford, I wanted to understand social inequality,” Cross says. “Why do race, class, and other social identities overly determine who gets ahead and who falls further behind? I wanted to understand interactions between policy and what I had studied in sociology. I wanted to translate research into policy that would impact people’s lives. In the Ford School’s joint social science PhD program I got very strong empirical training that was grounded in theory. Ford does a great job with providing professionalization opportunities, which helps grad students prepare for the job market. I got great training on both sides: from U-M Sociology and from the Ford School faculty.” Cross cites in particular assistant professor her PhD advisor on the Ford School side, who studies multigenerational families. “Natasha was instrumental in helping me see connections between my work on family structure and implications for social policy, especially welfare reform,” Cross says. “The two-parent nuclear family as a solution for alleviating poverty does not align with the realities of many kids. Research needs to catch up with more diverse families.” Natasha Pilkauskas ,
“Christina is moving us beyond how we have thought about families and policy,” Pilkauskas says, “toward giving more value to families that don’t fit traditional models. She has pushed on the socioeconomic and racial side in a way the field has not seen before.” On the sociology side, Cross tells how associate professor Karyn Lacy helped her understand “the unwritten rules of academia.” Cross explains, “I was a first-generation, low-income student coming from public schools. Academia was new to me. I did not fully understand the cultural norms. I had to think sociologically, to respond to the question, ‘How do you frame that in a sociological way?’ Karyn’s guidance was instrumental in helping me develop my voice.”
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Cross recently accepted postdoctoral and tenure track positions in the Harvard Sociology Department. She reports, “I’m polishing research begun at U-M, about race and class differences in family structures, family social support—financial, emotional, practical— and children’s outcomes. In the United States we emphasize personal responsibility in a way that blames individuals who simply may not have access. I want to highlight differences in access to resources that exist across families, that determine how far each generation goes and what resources they pass to the next generation. Understanding families is important for understanding hidden inequalities.”
“In the United States we emphasize personal responsibility in a way that blames individuals who simply may not have access. I want to highlight differences in access to resources that exist across families, that determine how far each generation goes and what resources they pass to the next generation.” Cross has in turn served as a mentor to many students and has been heavily involved with diversity, equity, and inclusion issues at U-M. “Minority students at Ford have sometimes struggled with receiving advising and support,” she says. To her mentoring, Cross has brought her own experience as a first generation college student. “I came into an environment that largely had students from more welloff backgrounds,” she points out. “They had attended elite private schools. I had had serious gaps in my education because of moving. Universities are often unaware of barriers that low-income, first-generation students face. I had to make an effort to get support. I’m not easily intimidated, but many young people hesitate to say, ‘You are making references I don’t get,’ or, ‘Please explain this concept I struggle with.’ I remember as an Emory freshman, interacting with kids that I knew had attended private schools, and they sometimes wondered aloud if I deserved to be there with them. Now, as a professor, I am committed to helping all students feel included in the university environment.” Cross points out that financial issues may directly impede scholarship; it may prevent graduate students from low-income backgrounds from attending conferences, for example, because they must pay airfare and hotels upfront, with reimbursement sometimes coming months later.
In particular, Cross wants to draw attention to the gulf between the demographic reality of American families and current policies related to family structure. Three of the four goals of welfare reform are predicated on the ideal of a two-parent nuclear family. But fifty percent of children today will live away from their biological parents at some point. “There is a disconnect between welfare policy and these kids’ experiences,” Cross says. “A more pluralistic perspective would improve policies so they would truly support children. We need to see families for who they are S potli g ht today, rather than manipulate them to fit an ideal that may never really have been. Family economic resources, stability, and good parenting—including In the midst of a tense government supervision and monitoring— shutdown earlier this year, U.S. are most important for child Representatives Debbie Dingell (D-MI) wellbeing. This can be done and Fred Upton (R-MI) still made it a in any family.” ■
Conversations across difference
priority to visit the Ford School to discuss opportunities for and obstacles to bipartisan cooperation, while also engaging in a thoughtful dialogue around some of the most pressing issues dividing Republicans and Democrats today. The event was held as part of the Ford School’s Conversations Across Difference initiative.
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The road from transport infrastructure to international trade By Miriam Wasserman
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etween mid-April and early August, Kazu Shibuya (MPP ’88) had already made nine trips from Tokyo to Washington D.C. and he was getting ready for his tenth. It is what his role as deputy minister and leading negotiator for the government of Japan calls for while his country and the United States are in the thick of negotiations to craft a bilateral trade agreement.
Shibuya applied to IPPS from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, where he had worked for three years after earning a law degree from Tokyo University. He had backing from a Japanese government program for graduate studies abroad that has sponsored over 150 Master in Public Policy degrees for Japanese ministry officials at the Ford School since 1973.
There is a lot at stake for the two economies. Japan is the fourth-largest U.S. trade partner, behind Mexico, Canada, and China. In 2018, U.S. exports to Japan accounted for over $120 billion while U.S. imports totaled nearly $180 billion. Foreign direct investment is also important for both countries. The United States holds significant investments in the Japanese finance and insurance sector while Japanese investment in U.S. manufacturing supports thousands of domestic jobs, especially in the auto industry, according to the Congressional Research Service.
“Because I worked for the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, what I wanted to study at IPPS was economic policy and other things related to domestic policy,” Shibuya said. He laughs now at the thought that he was not so interested in international relations or international trade at the time.
Although Shibuya comes to the table as a seasoned expert in trade negotiations, his path has been unusual and it was not at all what he had in mind when he signed up for a degree in public policy at the Institute of Public Policy Studies, or IPPS, (the predecessor to the Ford School).
Shibuya found classes like microeconomics and organizational design very practical and directly useful in his subsequent career. But it is Professor Paul Courant ’s cost-benefit analysis class that he credits for helping him become an expert in the analysis of infrastructure policy and transportation policy. “At that time, more than 30 years ago, benefit-cost analysis was very new to the Japanese government,” Shibuya said. He didn’t know it then, but the same policy evaluation skills would come in handy when he was recruited to take a leading role in international trade negotiations. Before Japan joined negotiations to establish the TransPacific Partnership (TPP) in 2013, the Japanese government was reluctant to enter free trade agreements in part because the politically powerful agricultural sector was very opposed to opening the market for agricultural goods.
Kazuhisa Shibuya (Deputy Chief Domestic Coordinator) and Shinji Yada (Counsellor), speak during a briefing about the status of the TPP on May 15, 2015, Tokyo, Japan. About 500 people attended a meeting to listen to the Japanese Government task force explain the status of Japan's participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Shibuya
Photo, top: Tom Fisk / Pexels. Shibuya photo: Rodrigo Reyes Marin / Nippon News
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Shibuya found classes like microeconomics and organizational
But when President Trump decided to withdraw from the TPP, Japan took the lead with design very practical and directly useful in his subsequent the remaining countries to career. But it is Professor Paul Courant’s cost-benefit analysis finalize an agreement and Shibuya’s return to his home class that he credits for helping him become an expert in the ministry was postponed. “We had to start a new project analysis of infrastructure policy and transportation policy. of TPP 11, which is TPP without the United States,” Shibuya said. In order to participate in the negotiations for the 12-nation TPP 11 became effective at the end of 2018. free-trade agreement spearheaded by the Obama adminNow Shibuya’s return to his home ministry has been delayed istration, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe decided to centralize once again. President Trump and Prime Minister Abe TPP negotiations and decision-making into one office directly agreed to enter into negotiations for a bilateral agreement under the prime minister’s control. Before, negotiations had in September 2018. What had been the TPP headquarters been divided ministry by ministry with each office negotiating was charged with leading the Japan-U.S. negotiations. on equal footing for the sectors within its purview. This As the new round of negotiations began, Shibuya’s IPPS made it difficult to offer a unified voice and to resolve the background was helpful once more—but in a surprising differing interests of the Ministry of Industry, which way. The mood was tense in discussions regarding the sought greater trade openness and those of the Ministry industrial sector, Shibuya recalled. Then, he discovered of Agriculture, which opposed it, according to Shibuya. that his counterpart, Jim Sanford , Assistant U.S. Trade Shibuya was recruited to this new TPP headquarters in Representative for Small Business, Market Access, and part due to his policy analysis expertise but also because Industrial Competitiveness was also a graduate of IPPS– he could play a neutral role between agricultural and MPP ’92. industrial interests, given that he was coming from the “When we found that Jim and myself are alumni of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport. University of Michigan, we became good friends and the The negotiation has been both with international partners negotiation started going very smoothly,” he chuckled. and with domestic constituents, where Shibuya’s experience “That is partly what we have in mind by having in domestic policy has been key. The new TPP headquarters international students and having some breadth of was charged with creating a policy package that would background in the class,” said Paul Courant after mediate the impact TPP would have on farmers as well as learning about IPPS alumni meeting on opposite sides of small and medium industries. “In that scene, the knowledge the table. “It is a very important Michigan value and this I got from IPPS or the Ford School was very, very, very is a very nice outcome of it,” Courant said. useful,” Shibuya said. Before the negotiation even started and during the more than three years of negotiations, Shibuya went before the ruling Liberal Democratic Party many times to persuade them about the benefits of participating in TPP, give assurances that they would not go over negotiating red lines set by the parliamentary group, and offer measures to strengthen the Japanese agricultural industry. The TPP agreement was approved by the National Diet, Japan’s legislature, after 133 hours of deliberation.
The exchange with Japan that brought Shibuya to IPPS continues at the Ford School today. “Our longstanding partnership with the Government of Japan remains critically important to us,” says director of student services Susan Guindi . “We benefit from the expertise and contributions of the ministry students who come each year. They broaden and strengthen classroom dialogue and grow our students’ co-curricular understanding of and admiration for Japanese culture and values.” ■
“After concluding the TPP negotiations I thought I was released from my office and would go back to my home ministry,” Shibuya said.
Editor’s note: On August 25 Japan and the U.S. reached
a preliminary trade agreement; many details are yet to be resolved, and the work continues.
Strengthening ties In May Dean Michael Barr traveled to Asia to meet with leaders in the region—including deputy trade minister Kazu Shibuya (MPP ’88)—to grow the Ford School’s intellectual and cultural connections with alumni, academics, business leaders, and government officials. “The trip was incredible! I was inspired by meeting so many alumni and others with connections to the Ford School and U-M. Our hosts were so gracious and welcoming. I am excited to keep building those relationships,” says Barr. Barr and other Ford School representatives visited Hong Kong, Shanghai, Seoul, Tokyo, and Beijing. He met with journalists along the way, sharing his expertise on financial regulation with The Korea Times, Asia Times, JoongAng Daily, and other outlets.
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Driving Michigan’s auto insurance reform How Poverty Solutions used community input to direct research that changed state law By Lauren Slagter
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fter months of studying the cost of auto insurance, Joshua Rivera (MPP ’17) finally had the data he needed to see how much Michiganders spend to keep their vehicles insured.
Auto insurance as an economic issue
What he found shocked him.
Poverty Solutions’ interest in auto insurance came naturally from the university-wide research initiative’s mission to work with community partners to find new ways to prevent and alleviate poverty.
“When I saw that 97% of the zip codes would be considered unaffordable, I thought I messed up,” said Rivera, senior data and policy advisor at the University of Michigan’s Poverty Solutions initiative.
As Poverty Solutions began in 2018 to evaluate a job training program in Detroit, the cost of auto insurance kept coming up as a barrier that prevented people from owning a vehicle or driving it legally—thus limiting their job options.
He ran the analysis again and reached the same conclusion: in 97% of Michigan zip codes, the average auto insurance rate accounted for more than 2% of the median income, which the U.S. Treasury Department’s Federal Insurance Office deems “unaffordable.”
“We didn’t look for it; we didn’t expect it,” Shaefer said. “But it came up over and over again as a major barrier to getting to jobs, schools, health appointments—all the things people need to live healthy and productive lives. While I had never thought of it as such, it is a poverty issue in Michigan.”
That finding proved vital in reforming Michigan’s auto insurance system. In March, Poverty Solutions published a policy brief on the link between auto insurance and economic mobility, based on research by Patrick Cooney (MPP ’11), assistant director of Poverty Solutions’ Detroit Partnership on Economic Mobility; research consultant Elizabeth Phillips; and Rivera. Two months later, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed into law historic auto insurance reform measures. The legislation included many of Poverty Solutions’ recommendations, such as eliminating automatic unlimited personal injury protection coverage, imposing fee limits on medical care related to personal injury accidents, and restricting the use of non-driving factors like credit score and zip code to determine auto insurance rates. It’s uncommon to see research so quickly translate to a change in state law, said Poverty Solutions faculty director H. Luke Shaefer , an associate professor of social work and public policy. “I think it had the impact it did because it was the right type of research product, at the right time,” Shaefer said. “It looked at the issue from a different angle than other work had, and I like to think it provided some concrete, non-partisan policy recommendations— recommendations that straddled party lines.”
The work eventually led Poverty Solutions staff to data from The Zebra, an auto insurance rate comparison company that tracks average rates by zip code. The average annual auto insurance premium for Detroiters is $5,414, roughly double the statewide average, which already is the most expensive in the country. More than one-third of Detroit residents live at or below the poverty line, and for a family of four with an income right at the poverty line, the average cost of car insurance in Detroit would take up 22% of their annual income. “What was striking was that you could see the problem starting to spread throughout the state, particularly in Southeast Michigan,” Rivera said. “While there was a heavy concentration of unaffordability in the City of Detroit, it was creeping over time to the suburbs. More people had a stake in whether or not reform happened.”
Growing demand for reform It didn’t take long for Poverty Solutions’ findings to garner national attention. Media coverage highlighted the reasons auto insurance was unaffordable for so many Michigan households, and lawmakers reviewed Poverty Solutions’ analysis to inform their approach to reform, Rivera said. Whitmer cited Poverty Solutions’ work in a mandate in early May for the state’s Department of Insurance and Financial Services to review how auto insurance rates are set and strengthen consumer protections.
Rivera testifying before the U.S. House Financial Services Committee’s Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee
That same day, Rivera testified about Michigan’s auto insurance policies before the U.S. House Financial Services subcommittee. The high cost of auto insurance in Michigan served as a cautionary tale in the national debate about the federal government’s role in regulating the industry, Rivera said.
Whitmer signs bipartisan auto insurance reform
Car insurance as percent of pre-tax income by zip code
“The reason our report was so helpful in this discussion was because it represented an outside interest in a debate in which there are millions of dollars at stake,” Rivera said.
Measuring impact After weeks of debate, a bill to reform Michigan’s auto insurance law passed with bipartisan support. Still, critics question whether the changes will translate to a meaningful reduction in costs for consumers as promised. Rate reductions for personal injury protection are guaranteed and drivers will have the option to carry varying levels of coverage, which also could save them money. But personal injury protection accounts for only a portion of the cost of auto insurance, and there’s no requirement for insurers to reduce charges overall. The new law also prohibits insurance companies from using non-driving factors like gender, marital status, home ownership, educational level, occupation, credit score or zip code to set their rates. However, insurers can still set rates based on an “insurance score” that incorporates credit and by “territory,” which could be an area as small as a census tract and contribute to redlining.
• <=2% (Affordable) • 2.1%–4% • 4.1%–8% • 8.1%–12% • 12.1%–24% • 24.1%–36%
Detail of greater Detroit region
Photo, upper right: Zoe Clark / Michigan Radio
With some aspects of the reform yet to be defined by regulators, it’s too soon to estimate how the new law will impact the overall affordability of auto insurance in Michigan, Rivera said. Shaefer said Poverty Solutions will continue to monitor the issue, assess the impact of the reform, and think about other ways to make auto insurance affordable in Michigan. “One bill isn’t the end of work on a policy area,” Rivera said. “It’s the beginning of a conversation on how to do better.” ■ Graphic source: The Zebra, the State of Auto Insurance 2018; U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates via Poverty Solutions
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Francisco
Brianna Wells (BA '20) at
Gonzalez
ACLU Michigan
(MPP ’20) at the U.S. Embassy, Bogota
Aprisale Malale (MPP ’20) and Hannah Mesa (BA ’20) with Andrew Schroeder
(MPP ’07) at Direct Relief
Walter Aguilar (BA
'21) at Citizens Against Government Waste
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Interns around the world Summertime is internship time for many Fordies—who take jobs around the world with nonprofits and NGOs, governments and agencies, and consulting firms and businesses— applying the skills and knowledge they’ve learned here at the Ford School to the real world. Miriam Chung (BA '20) at Cannon House Office Building Akin Olumoroti (MPP '20) at Walton Family Foundation
Taylor Rovin
(MPP ’20) at UN Women Maximillian Grahl (BA '21)
at U.S. Department of Transportation
Discourse
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Ford School faculty in the news
“If people start to worry about an economic downturn, consumers start saving their money instead of spending, and businesses put investment decisions off, making the likelihood of things going south greater.” Betsey Stevenson on the effect of pessimistic economic expectations. Vox, March 27, 2019.
“If you look around a college campus and you’re thinking about who got in because of a thumb on the scales, it’s the rich white legacy kids.” Susan Dynarski on inequities in college admissions. Huffington Post, March 13, 2019.
“In the criminal justice system (we) are always trying to reach toward scientific explanations because somehow we see that as objective, as standardizable—and that that can somehow take out human judgement in the system.” Shobita Parthasarathy on how use of predictive algorithms could entrench biases in criminal justice. NPR Michigan Radio, April 15, 2019.
“What we’re seeing is a tale of two climate nations. The split has become much more pronounced in recent years. It potentially makes the question of how you weave together a future federal climate policy very challenging.” Barry Rabe on the growing divide in climate change policy between red states and blue. New York Times, June 21, 2019.
“In economic terms, the new deal is not, in fact, better than the old one, but it may (only may) benefit U.S. workers to a small extent. I don’t see any way that it actually brings in money to our government.” Alan Deardorff on the North American Free Trade Agreement renegotiation. USA Today, January 10, 2019.
“The FBI is doing yeoman’s work to try to combat this threat but it doesn’t have enough resources on that domestic terrorism side. They would have to make an internal decision to shift more agents, analysts, investigators in the field.” Javed Ali on law enforcement options for the growing threat from white nationalists. The Rachel Maddow Show, August 5, 2019.
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Faculty News Axelrod
Robert Axelrod , the William D.
Hamilton Distinguished University Professor Emeritus, retired in May. A University of Michigan celebration to recognize his decades of tremendous service and his lasting research legacy is planned for September 26. Michael S. Barr and the Center on
Finance, Law, and Policy received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to explore the mandate and design of central banks and whether they might play an even stronger role in promoting financial inclusion. He is conducting the research with Adrienne Harris , Towsley Policymaker in Residence and professor of practice. Paul Courant was named a Distinguished University Professor, U-M’s most prestigious title. He chose the title of “Edward M. Gramlich Distinguished University Professor of Economics and Public Policy” to honor Ned Gramlich, who twice served as director of the Institute of Public Policy Studies and was the school’s first dean.
Addressing “The Cost of NonCompletion: Improving Student Outcomes in Higher Education,” Susan Dynarski testified in May before the House Committee on Education and Labor’s Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Investment. In addition, Dynarski gave a Sulzberger Distinguished Lecture titled Understanding and Reducing Inequality in Education at Duke University. Ren Farley has joined the Ann Arbor Complete Count Committee for Census 2020. Farley exhibited a poster presentation titled “The Racial Integration of the Detroit Suburban Ring” at last April’s Population Association meetings in Austin. Elisabeth Gerber ’s work on the ViewPoint simulation software was honored with the University of Michigan Provost’s Teaching Innovation Prize for original approaches to improve student learning.
Courant
Edie Goldenberg testified before
the Michigan Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on the subject of student voting access in Michigan. She and Alton Worthington were part of a team that received a Staff Impact Award for work on the Big Ten Voting Challenge. Goldenberg chaired and participated in a panel about the Big Ten Voting Challenge at the Midwest Political Science Meetings in Chicago. Catie Hausman and the College of Engineering’s Johanna Mathieu received a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to use economics and electrical engineering to explore the social costs and benefits of utility-scale battery storage. Hausman published a paper, “Price Regulation and Environmental Externalities: Evidence from Methane Leaks,” with Lucija Muehlenbachs for the Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. Her paper, “Shock Value: Bill Smoothing and Energy Price Pass-Through” was accepted to the Journal of Industrial Economics.
Welcome Charlotte Cavaillé joins the Ford School as an assistant professor of public policy. Her research examines the dynamics of popular attitudes towards redistributive social policies at a time of rising inequality, high fiscal stress, and high levels of immigration. Cavaillé received her PhD in Government and Social Policy from Harvard University. Adrienne Harris is a newly-appointed
professor of practice, with support from the Towsley Foundation Policymaker in Residence program. She previously served as special assistant for economic policy to President Obama at the White House National Economic Council and as senior advisor to the Deputy Secretary in the U.S. Department of Treasury.
Jennifer Haverkamp joins the Ford School as a professor of practice. She is also the director of the U-M Graham Sustainability Institute. She’s an internationally-recognized expert on climate change, international trade, and global environmental policy and negotiations.
The Honorable Sander Levin joined the Ford School last winter as Distinguished Policymaker in Residence and professor of practice, with support from the Towsley Foundation Policymaker in Residence program. For 36 years, Levin represented residents of Southeast Michigan in the U.S. Congress and chaired the House Ways and Means Committee.
Cavaillé
Harris
Haverkamp
Levin
Lewis
Morenoff
Earl Lewis joins the Ford School as the Thomas C. Holt Distinguished University Professor of History, Afroamerican and African Studies, and Public Policy. Lewis’ work explores critical questions including
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Dynarski
Gerber
Goldenberg
Morse
Smith
Spencer
Brian Jacob was named a Rackham Distinguished Graduate Mentor. The honor is given each year to just five tenured University of Michigan faculty who have demonstrated superior mentorship of doctoral students.
David Morse was awarded a fellowship by the Institute for the Humanities. He and the other U-M lecturers, tenuretrack faculty, and graduate students who received the fellowship spent eight weeks this summer in residence at the Institute.
Amanda Kowalski won the 2019 ASHEcon medal. This award recognizes “an economist age 40 or under who has made the most significant contributions to the field of health economics.” She officially received the award during a ceremony at the ASHEcon Conference in Washington, DC in June.
Natasha Pilkauskas , along with
Paula Lantz was named the inaugural
James B. Hudak Professor of Health Policy. Melvyn Levitsky addressed the Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM) Summit in Atlanta in June. He spoke on the international repercussions of marijuana legalization in the United States. Levitsky received the Lifetime Achievement Award from SAM during the conference.
the role of race in American history; diversity, equity and inclusion; graduate education; humanities scholarship; and universities and their larger communities. Lewis is the recipient of several honorary degrees and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Jeffrey D. Morenoff joins the faculty as a professor of sociology and public policy. He directs the Institute for Social Research’s Population Studies Center. Morenoff’s research interests include neighborhood environments, inequality, crime and criminal justice, racial/ethnic/ immigrant disparities in health and antisocial behavior, and methods for analyzing multilevel and spatial data.
Institute for Social Research postdoctoral fellow Angela Bruns, published “Multiple Job Holding and Mental Health among Low-Income Mothers” in Women’s Health Issues. The article won the editor’s choice award. Pilkauskas and coauthor Kathy Michelmore published an article titled “The Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Housing and Living Arrangements” in Demography. Daniel Raimi hosts the “Resources Radio,” a weekly podcast produced by Resources for the Future. His guests have included Barry Rabe and Sarah Mills . His recent publications include a report on the greenhouse gas effects of the recent U.S. oil and gas boom and a paper on clean energy subsidies. Joe Schwarz has continued to work on the implementation of the “Voters Not Politicians” ballot initiative, which will create a new reapportionment commission to redraw all congressional and legislative district lines in Michigan. He is also in the early stages of work to end term limits in Michigan’s legislature. Conan Smith has been named CEO of the
Michigan Environmental Council, a coalition of more than 60 organizations that lead the state’s environmental movement. Molly Spencer ’s poetry manuscript, If the House, won the 2019 Brittingham Prize and is forthcoming from University of Wisconsin Press this fall. A second poetry manuscript, Relic and the Plum, won the 2019 Crab Orchard Open Competition in Poetry, and is forthcoming in fall of 2020. David Thacher ’s article, “The Aspiration of Scientific Policing,” was published in the February 2019 edition of Law & Social Inquiry. Thacher also contributed a chapter, “The Limits of Procedural Justice,” to the forthcoming book Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives, 2nd edition (October 2019).
Thacher
Waltz
Megan Tompkins-Stange received the
2020 Henry Russel Award. The Russel Award recognizes extraordinary achievements in scholarship, research, teaching excellence, and creativity and is the University of Michigan’s highest honor for early- to mid-career faculty. Maris Vinovskis attended the General Assembly of the International Academy of Education at the National Research University in Moscow. While there he gave a talk titled “U.S. Government Efforts Since 1950 to Promote Preschool through High School Equity and Excellence.” Susan Waltz offered testimony on the
human rights implications of proposed firearms export regulations before the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee in March.
Congratulations H. Luke Shaefer
has been promoted to professor of public policy and social work. Shaefer is a renowned scholar on poverty and social welfare policy. He directs the University’s Poverty Solutions initiative. Betsey Stevenson
was promoted to professor of public policy and professor of economics. Stevenson’s research focuses on the labor market and the impact of public policies on outcomes for families as they adjust to changing labor market opportunities. Sarah Burgard
has been promoted to professor of sociology, epidemiology, and public policy. Burgard’s research examines how systems of stratification and inequality impact the health of people and populations.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
Class Notes
Robert F. Goeckel (MPP ’74) is a professor of political science at SUNY Geneseo. He published Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia: Playing Harmony in the Singing Revolution (Indiana University Press, 2018). The book is based on extensive research in Soviet-era archives. David Sichel (MPP ’78) recently retired
after a 30-year career at the Vermont League of Cities and Towns. He worked in establishing and operating risksharing pools for Vermont municipalities including health, property and liability, and workers compensation insurance. Steven Moss (MPP ’85) is leading an effort to build affordable housing in Rwanda, with groundbreaking on an initial 40 units expected in September. What a long and winding road it’s been since graduate school, he writes, from the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to founding an energy nonprofit, and now constructing homes. “Thank you, Ford professors!” Angela Banks (MPP ’97, JD ’02)
was recently appointed as a federal administrative law judge for the Social Security Administration. She had previously served as a senior attorney advisor with the Social Security Administration, having joined the agency after several years in private practice. Richard (Beaman) McManus (MPP/ MSW ’00) was recently promoted to managing consultant at the Lewin Group, a national health and human service consulting firm. He is in the program design and implementation capability group and advises federal and state governments on operations of health and human service programs.
In April, Jeff Kosseff (MPP ’01), an assistant professor of cybersecurity law at the United States Naval Academy, published The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet (Cornell University Press), a history of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. He developed an interest in the issue as a student in Virginia Rezmierski’s internet policy class in 2000. Tarek Anandan
(MPP ’03) will be celebrating the first birthday of his son, Casper H. Anandan (left), in September. Brian Pappas (MPP ’03) took a new job
as assistant vice president for academic affairs at Eastern Michigan University. Sharon Dolente (MPP ’04) works
Ari Sznajder (MPP/MBA ’08) is the
founder of Kapel Real Estate, a firm based in Lebanon, PA that invests for social impact. Sznajder was invited to serve on the economic revitalization committee for the city. Jonathan Shepard (MPP ’09) serves
as a senior business operations analyst with BigCommerce, a technology company in Austin, TX. Menna Demessie (PhD ’10), serving her second term on the Ford School Alumni Board, was appointed by the Prime Minister of Ethiopia as the Secretary of the Ethiopian Diaspora Trust Fund Advisory Council. The effort aims to raise funds from the diaspora for socio-economic development in Ethiopia and has raised $4.4 million as of July 2019.
as the voting rights strategist at the ACLU of Michigan. She wrote and led the successful effort in 2018 to pass a statewide ballot initiative expanding voting rights. In early 2019, she was appointed to Michigan’s first Election Modernization Advisory Committee convened by newly-elected Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson.
Melissa Forbes (PhD ’10) joined the federal senior executive service in June as FEMA’s deputy assistant administrator for recovery. In this role, she oversees programs that directly support survivors and communities as they recover and build resilience following major disasters.
In 2018, Ina Ganguli (MPP ’04) received the Russian National Prize in Applied Economics, awarded biennially to recognize published research on the Russian economy. She was given the prize based on a series of three articles she published on Russian scientists after the end of the USSR. Ina is an associate professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
national press secretary and director of African American messaging for the Beto for America campaign. Before that, Wilhite served as the press secretary and spokesperson for Lambda Legal. Wilhite began his career on the Hill as an aide to Congressman Joe Kennedy III of Massachusetts and Senator Debbie Stabenow of Michigan.
Ian Wilhite (BA ’10) was named deputy
Raeesa Khan (BA ’15) and Matthew
Dara Alpert Lieberman (MPP ’07)
Mejia (BA ’12) were married February
was recently promoted to director of government relations at Trust for America’s Health. In her new role, she oversees the development and implementation of TFAH’s advocacy strategy with federal policymakers.
17, 2019 with close friends and family in Puerto Vallarta.
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Cerrezuela
Demessie
Forbes
Salvador Maturana (MPP ’12)
became a Mason Fellow at Harvard while pursuing a mid-career MPA at the Harvard Kennedy School in July 2019. Kate Saetang (MPP ’12) is now the manager of public engagement at the Obama Foundation in Chicago. She is working to launch the Obama Presidential Center on the south side of Chicago. Monica Cerrezuela (BA ’13) was promoted to chief of staff at the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) in July 2019. Vanessa Kargenian (MPP ’13) was
Malhotra
Wilhite
Talha Aziz Mirza (BA ’18), completed his first year of law school at the University of California–Berkeley. He serves as the editor-in-chief of the Berkeley Journal of Middle East and Islamic Law and co-president of the Berkeley Law Muslim Students Association. He is currently working as an in-house legal counsel at LiveStyle, Inc. the world’s largest live EDM production company. Talha hopes to eventually become a human rights lawyer, but also plans to work privately in entertainment law.
one of 30 women selected from 500+ applicants to form the inaugural Rise Up cohort at the Money 2020 conference; one of the youngest nominees, Vanessa was recognized for her fintech expertise. Vanessa covers cybersecurity/IT supervisory matters and emerging technology trends at the FRBNY.
Juan Jaimes (MPP ’18) published a journal article titled “DREAMers: Growing Up Undocumented in the United States of America” in the Handbook of Children and Prejudice— Integrating Research, Practice, and Policy. Juan and his co-author Jaime Chahin, a professor and dean at Texas State University, wrote the article pending a decision on the issues of immigration and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). Anna Zinkel Walters (MPP ’19) was hired as a consultant at Guidehouse LLP. She works in the Detroit office on the state and local government team.
Nathan Boll (STPP ’15, MS ’15) is the ASCEND program executive at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics where he is leading the development of a national space technology, commerce, and leadership initiative. Molly E. Reynolds (PhD ’15), senior
fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute, received the Legislative Studies Emerging Scholar Award from the American Political Science Association. The award recognizes scholars who have informed the study of legislative politics through innovative and rigorous scholarship. Nishant Malhotra (MPA ’17) started a new venture, called The Middle Road. The Middle Road alludes to a moderate road for an insightful and fulfilling life. The aim is to bring a fresh and out-ofthe-box perspective on various facets of living with ingenuity.
Spotli g ht
Brain trust One poster was not quite like the others at this year’s Gramlich Showcase of Student Work. And neither was its presenter. At the annual event named for Ned Gramlich, Michael Barr got to share with folks about former IPPS director and founding dean—and Barr’s former mentor—Ned himself: his prescience about the subprime mortgage bubble, his leadership, and his beloved sense of humor.
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gerald r. Ford School of Public Policy
The Last Word Goldberg and Swedish make the case for alumni giving
T
he Ford School recently announced a new way for alumni and others to give back: the Ford School Fund for Student Support. As we aim for more alumni donors over the next year—with gifts of any size—State & Hill caught up with Naomi Goldberg (MPP ’08)
and Ian Swedish (MPP/MBA ’10), co-chairs of the alumni board’s fundraising committee.
State & Hill: Tell us about your experience at the Ford School. Did you receive support? IS: My experience at the Ford School was pivotal for a lot of reasons. First, I met my wife at Michigan! But what I reflect on a lot is how the faculty, staff and fellow students opened my eyes to the unlimited possibilities and impact my career could have. And I did receive financial support. It helped keep my attention on my studies and not finances. NG: The Ford School kicked my career to a whole different level. I was working full time while in school, and getting financial support allowed me to work a little less and help pay for living expenses.
You’re on the Alumni Board. How else are you involved? I live in Ann Arbor so I get to attend events and meet with students in person. Last year I judged the student internship NG:
pitch competition. I also take seriously helping to recruit the next class and love connecting with admitted students through phone calls. IS: I have enjoyed being a resource to students through resume reviews, mock interviews and informational interviews. I find it a rewarding way to stay connected.
And you’re donors! Why does alumni giving matter? Yes, and we’re donors! Our school is stronger when our alumni are engaged and giving. Everybody from faculty and students to fellow alumni benefit from a vibrant community. IS:
NG: Agreed! And alumni giving sends a strong message to students and prospective students: that we’re committed to the school and that we value the education we received. That demonstrated evidence of commitment helps us recruit and enroll the students that we see as future leaders.
Why is now the right time to give? This is an exciting moment at the Ford School with so much success, growth and visibility. Giving is an opportunity to be part of and invest in that future. Whether its $5 or $500, contributions specifically support current students and recruit new ones.
IS:
Advice for current students? NG: Don’t forget to enjoy your time in Ann Arbor! The friends you make over Econ problem sets and the connections you build talking about Michigan football or bonding over the cold winters—those relationships will last. ■ Ian Swedish is the vice president of analytics and client strategy for CCS Fundraising. Naomi Goldberg is the director of policy and research at the Movement Advancement Project.
Please help us reach
500 alumni donors to unlock a
$50,000 matching gift from the Ford School Committee.
To give to the Ford School Fund for Student Support visit myumi.ch/ford-alumni-giving.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN’S GERALD R. FORD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY PRESENTS:
THE WEISER DIPLOMACY CENTER BIEGUN
HADLEY
POWER
NEUMANN
CLINTON
U-M’s dynamic new hub for the study and practice of diplomacy brings to Ann Arbor an all-star lineup of leaders in foreign affairs.
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U.S. SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR NORTH KOREA
SEPT
THE HONORABLE
SEPT
13
STEPHEN BIEGUN STEPHEN HADLEY & AMBASSADOR DANIEL FRIED
FALL 2019
Moderated by Liz Schrayer SEPT
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FORMER U.S. AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS
SAMANTHA POWER
Vandenberg Lecture Series OCT
04
OCT
10
FORMER U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE
HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
REFLECTIONS ON FOREIGN POLICY Weiser Diplomacy Center Inaugural Lecture (tickets required)
NOV
21
AMBASSADORS
GERALD FEIERSTEIN, JOHN LIMBERT, RONALD NEUMANN, DEBORAH MCCARTHY SECURITY IN THE PERSIAN GULF
FORMER U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE
CONDOLEEZZA RICE
MASTER CLASS: DEMOCRACY AND AMERICA’S FOREIGN POLICY IDENTITY (tickets required)
FOR MORE INFORM ATION VISIT FORDSCHOOL.UMICH.EDU
H O S T E D A S P A R T O F T H E F O R D S C H O O L’ S C O N V E R S AT I O N S A C R O S S D I F F E R E N C E I N I T I AT I V E Photo Credits: Stephen Biegun by Josh Burek/Belfer Center and Stephen Hadley by Ralph Alswang
RICE
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» Grant Newsome (MPP ’20) Credit: Office of Congresswoman Debbie Dingell. Dingell’s Chief of Staff is Greg Sunstrum (BA ‘09), who was a member of the first class of Ford School BA students.
»
Stay Connected
fordschool.umich.edu/stay-connected