Momentum - December 2021 GSCM International Edition by FORSE SIMSR

December 2021 GSCM Edition Volume XVIII

International Edition

Digital Supply Chain Corporate Insights

Loginext 69

Freightify

Driverless Vehicle Driverless vehicle

• Sustainability • Healthcare

FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY

• Circular Supply Chain • Freight Logistics

69 Vision Picking

Vision Picking

Striving Harder Soaring Higher Articles from across India

SIMS, Pune

IIFT, Delhi

IIM Indore

Dr. D Y Patil College of Law, Navi Mumbai

KJSIM, Mumbai

ICFAI B-School, Hyderabad

Chairperson’s Note

With a view to aid practitioners and learners in the vast field of operations and interface areas, FORSE - the committee of enthusiasts has been making efforts to bring new and emerging concepts and topics for the readers. MOMENTUM is an outcome of these efforts. I am sure the present issue will kindle your thoughts and further your knowledge in the field of Operations and Supply Chain. Congratulations to the team for their efforts in bringing out this issue.

Happy Reading ! Dr. Pramod Shetty Faculty In-charge - FORSE Area Chairperson (Operations) K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai

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Editor’s Note Dear Readers, “The more that you read, the more things you will know, the more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” — Dr. Seuss We are delighted to bring to you the December 2021 edition of Momentum. Through this quarterly magazine, we don’t only share knowledge but also provide platform to share your knowledge as we believe that knowledge is power. In the past editions we have seen the articles on supply chain in environment of industry 4.0, sustainability in supply chains, Strategic & IT operations and many more. Concept of Digital Supply Chain has been emerging as one of the prominent changes in organizations currently. The area encompasses topics such as AI in Forecasting and Scenario Planning, Application of Supply Chain Analytics and many more. Thus, to explore this area more, we present you this edition with the theme - “Digital Supply Chain”. We at FORSE, believe in continuous learning and improvement as it helps in constant expansion of skills. This cultural philosophy also reflects in our magazine. The structure of our magazine is such that it will give you detailed insights of the theme and add value to you. Our magazine has various enriching sections such as Recent Trends, Overview, various Articles, Brain Teasers and many more engaging activities done by FORSE. We also have an interesting section- “Corporate Insights”, to get corporate perspective of the theme from industry experts. The articles included in this edition provide good insights into various topics related to the theme like Application of Supply Chain Analytics, Green Transportation, Space Logistics, Artificial Intelligence for Continuous & ProActive Improvement in the COVID Era, Supply Chain Sustainability and various other enlightening articles. Last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who have contributed to the magazine and wish for enthusiastic participation in the future as well. We hope you have a great experience reading this edition of Momentum. We also hope that we could provide a platform through this magazine to share and gain knowledge, leaving you with a richer knowledge base to cherish and apply in various aspects of your career. Happy Learning, Team Momentum Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

FORSEian’s Note

Dear Readers, We at FORSE (Forum of Operations Research & Supply Chain Enthusiasts), since our inception have been striving for excellence & building business acumen of students in K J Somaiya Institute of Management by not only organising simulation events, case study competition, international conferences, magazines but also by executing campaigns, posts through social media handles thereby utilising the digital media space to communicate the very fabric of supply chain, operations strategy and logistics with all the operations enthusiasts across different geographies. MOMENTUM, our quarterly magazine is an attempt to bring forward enlightening topics and concepts in the field of operations, supply chain and logistics to our readers. It contains articles based on different themes in each issue. Since its inception, Momentum has covered many topics under various themes including but not limited to SCM & Logistics in E-commerce, Supply chain in 21st Century, Scope of Operations across different Industries & Business Functions, Industry 4.0 , Sustainability in Logistics and Supply Chain, IT Operations and many more. Adoption, implementation and leveraging of digital technologies have been vital factors in transforming organization’s efficiency and productivity. The usage of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Analytics, IoT, etc. have facilitated organizations to refine and improve their supply chains and thereby gaining competitive advantage. Through the December 2021 Edition of Momentum which revolves around the theme “Digital Supply Chain”, we strive to enhance the knowledge of our readers by the impactful recent industry trends and promising start-ups in today’s era. On behalf of the FORSE Momentum Team, which has worked meticulously to bring this issue to you, we hope that the magazine gives you great insights and aggrandize your knowledge bank. Stay tuned for upcoming issues with more interesting themes. Keep Learning!

Earnest Antony Green Convener

Krisha Sanghvi Hrushikesh Athare Co-convener Co-convener

Dnyanesh Mahajan GSCM President

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Index

Overview of Digital Supply Chain Page 01

Recent Trends in Digital Supply Chains

Page 04

Corporate Insights Page 06

Application of Supply Chain Analytics: Optimizing freight supply chains

Page 08

Artificial Intelligence for continuous & proactive improvement in the COVID era: Resilient Supply Chains Page 14

Strategizing Supply Chains towards achieving sustainability through circular economy Page 18

Rise of Warehousing Markets: A resilient asset class Page 22

India’s future in Circular Supply Chain

Page 25 Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Supply Chain Sustainability Risk Management Approach Page 28

Green Transportation

Page 32

Emerging trends in Healthcare Supply Chain Page 34

Space Logistics

Page 37

Start-ups in the today’s era Page 40

What’s New & Exciting in FORSE?

Page 43

Internship Experience Page 44

FORSE in Frame Page 45

Article Writing Experience: September 2020 Edition Page 46

Brain Teasers Page 47

Index

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Overview

Change

isn't the same as transformation. Supply chains have been in constant flux since the dawn of the industrial revolution, and the pace of change has only accelerated in the last few decades. Supply chains have become more efficient as a result of technological advancements. The digital supply chain is not new, and it has been successful, but it has been hampered by its "inability to connect disparate systems, provide end-to-end visibility into the supply chain, and crunch huge volumes of data." This is changing, thanks to recent technological advancements. Digital supply chain can access a wealth of data and enable better cooperation and communication across digital platforms, resulting in increased reliability, agility, and effectiveness.

Digital Supply Chain Transformation Strategy Plan, source, make, deliver, return, and enable are the classic SCOR procedures that supply chains follow. Businesses that have embraced and revived these elements through technological advancement have seen some spectacular outcomes. Integrated planning and execution, logistics visibility, Procurement 4.0, smart warehousing, efficient spare parts management, autonomous and B2C logistics, prescriptive supply chain analytics, and smart supply chain enablers are the eight primary areas technologies are divided into. All of these components are interconnected and build on each other. As a result, in order to fully profit from digitization, a digital supply chain strategy must take into account all of them.

The "connectedness" of digital supply chains is what sets them apart. Rather than being isolated and fragmented, as with traditional ERP systems, data, digital supply chain visibility, workflows, and so on are all seamlessly connected. The new, connected "digital supply chains" are customer-centric networks rather than chains; all partners are on an equal footing, have access to a "single version of the truth," and are capable of working together to serve the end-customer.

Estimated Profits: Why Digital Supply Chain? BCG says the leaders in digital supply chain management are seeing compared to their slower competitors:

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• •

• • •

10% better product availability 25% improvement in response to demand 30% improvement in the realization of working capital reductions 40-110% higher operating margins 17-64% fewer cash conversion days

Emerging Technologies in Digital Supply Chain “Digital supply chain is the nextgeneration concept to optimize the existing value chain with low cost and labor to meet the end customer’s expectation in terms of timeline and experiences,” says Sunny Mittal, consulting specialist, LogisticsIQ, Delhi, India. “It has to be conceptualized, designed, and implemented with the help of emerging technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, augmented and virtual reality, robotics and automation (AGV, AMR, AS/RS), 5G, digital twin, driverless vehicles, drones, etc.”

Companies need more resilient networks to assure supply in an increasingly turbulent business environment. Consumer preferences and personalization are constantly changing, necessitating greater flexibility and rapidity. With COVID-19 as an extra obstacle, having real-time data is a significant competitive advantage. Industry 4.0 constitutes a technical framework that emphasizes digitization and analytical skills for real-time event detection. Digital twins can help with this. A digital twin is a virtual supply chain duplicate made up of hundreds of assets, warehouses, logistics, and inventory positions that is gaining traction in the business as technological and computational capabilities with operations technology increase. The digital twin can be used in a variety of ways in supply chain management to efficiently and effectively deliver

Overview

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numerous benefits. Some of them are: • Faster problem solutions • Improvement in risk monitoring • In-depth long-term planning • Network optimization • Effective data management Many companies are becoming increasingly concerned about supply chain risk. Formal Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) procedures can help, which is the good news. SCRM uses a coordinated and collaborative approach to reduce supply chain vulnerability, encompassing all supply chain stakeholders, including subcontractors. SCRM identifies and analyses the supply chain's critical failure areas in a methodical manner. Mitigation plans are in place to ensure supply chain continuity in the event of an unforeseen catastrophe that would disrupt routine operations. Risk events or their precursors are constantly monitored in the supply chain environment. Also, now it’s a lot easier to find out where things are stored, how they're stored, and when they'll arrive at a specific location now. Thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, supply chains are now controlled in a very different way.

These connected gadgets will transmit their location to the GPS module, which can be used to track the whereabouts of things and eliminate supply chain faults. • Track when goods arrive: As a result of IoT's availability, distributors, producers, and distribution hubs can plan to collect items, shorten working periods, and ensure item processing efficiency. • Checking the storage status: Because of environmental detectors, management can keep an eye on shipping settings and react quickly to changes. Also, one of the biggest challenges faced by Healthcare SCM is maintaining sufficient inventory levels to sustain quality and timely patient care and reduce wastage. As the healthcare industry continues to change, organizations are trying to find new ways to remove waste, cut costs and improve patient care. Some of the key trends for future healthcare supply chain are: •

Some of the ways that IoT has changed supply chain management are as follows:

•

Individual storage facilities, raw materials, and completed items can all be connected via IoT

•

devices.

Overview

The future supply chain will be a goldmine for data. Data from the healthcare supply chain will be used not only to make better decisions but also for predictive analytics. It will adapt to personalized medicine and the more-informed consumer.

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Digital Supply Chain Trends

Supply

chain technology leaders must adopt a mindset that accepts and embraces long-term, perpetual change. Some of the top strategic supply chain technologies which holds critical ingredient for good technology decision making areSmart Contracts In future, the tides of automation will continue to rise, but in multiple waves. Smart contracts, in addition to AI and robots, have emerged as a fantastic tool for achieving automation. Smart contracts are transaction protocols that are designed to run automatically when specific circumstances are met. It may mean automatically creating an invoice when a shipment arrives at its destination or executing financial transactions between stakeholders in the supply chain. Smart contracts are now being used to automatically settle payments made with cryptocurrencies. The need for a third-party arbitrator is eliminated due to Smart contracts, thus making the procedure significantly faster. Digital Twins Digital twins is one of the most fascinating logistics technology developments to watch. Products are never exactly the same as their computer models, as many logistics specialists know. Modeling as it is now ignores how parts wear out and need 04

to be replaced, how fatigue builds up in buildings, or how owners make changes to meet their changing demands. However, digital twin technology is altering this forever: now, the physical and digital worlds may be merged into one, allowing us to interact with the digital model of a real object or part in the same way that we would with their physical counterparts for the first time.

In logistics, digital twins can be used in a variety of ways. Digital twins can be used in the shipping industry to collect product and packaging data and use that data to discover potential flaws and recurrent tendencies in order to optimize future operations. Warehouses and facilities can also utilize the technology to produce precise 3D models of existing facilities and test layout changes or the addition of new equipment in a risk-free environment Hyper Automation Hyper automation is a framework for combining a wide range of technologies in the most effective way feasible, such as legacy platforms with newly deployed tools and planned investments. For each organization, the phrase has a different meaning, thus supply chain leaders must first determine their own definition. Hyper automation, when used effectively, can promote cross-domain collaboration and act as an integrator for diverse and siloed functions. Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Edge Computing and Analytics The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices correlates with the rise of edge computing, where data is processed and analyzed near to its collecting point. It's the technology that's required when low-latency processing and real-time, automated decision-making are required. The manufacturing industry is currently adopting edge computing. Some companies, for example, have implemented driverless forklifts in their warehouses. Edge computing can be used by heavy equipment suppliers to determine when a part requires maintenance or replacement. Paperless Warehouses Information is only as good as what you do with it. How do SCM executives leverage data now that data capture and analysis is at an all-time high? Continuing to utilize an obsolete tool, paper, is one way to ensure that you don't adequately exploit all of your data. Nearly 3,000 shipments are transported every second in the global supply chain. Reread that, and by the time you've finished, another 10,000 packages have left the building. There's no way that paper can fully use this type of huge data. Inventory management software is now available and will completely transform your business processes. Autonomous Trucking This is a hard one. Trying to predict the autonomous trucking sector has proven to be a dangerous endeavor. The return on investment will be 05

enormous. However, investing in this new supply chain technology is a risky proposition because there is no set deadline. Once it's in place, though, the flow of commodities and the workflows of people who rely on logistics will be more profitable than they've ever been. While the technology is in place,, there are still a number of obstacles to overcome. Driverless Vehicles Public acceptance and legal issues relating to the shift to driverless trucks have been the main roadblocks for driverless transport. While technology and innovation advance quickly, regulatory and infrastructure reforms will take several years. We may still be a long way from a future in which artificial intelligence (AI) alone controls trucks and ships. Nonetheless, for companies with large fleets spread over several geographic zones, preparing for a future that is more reliant on autonomous vehicles should remain a top concern. Smart Glasses in the Warehouse The most popular logistics application thus far is "vision picking," which projects visual cues and directions for order fulfilment into the user's field of view. Warehouse workers can be more productive by eliminating the need for RFID/laser barcode scanners and paper papers by obtaining hands-free, digital information. The smart glasses show instructions and information virtually, instead of paper instructions and allowing them to operate efficiently.

Digital Supply Chain Trends

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Corporate Insights Here is our detailed conversation on Digital Transformation Journeys In Supply Chain with Sandeep Chatterjee who completed his Ph.D. in Operation Management From All India Management Association. He joined as Director at Deloitte since 2017 and he heads the South Region for Emerging Technologies. We would like to kick start this discussion by asking you about your professional journey so far and it would be really great if you can share 3 key learnings. I started my career with Tata Motors straight from engineering college. It was a very fulfilling experience as I commanded tremendous respect. We had our first temporary worker strike and it was a collective call for us to keep the factory running. This was a clear example how teamwork can do wonders. After my MBA, I joined Lafarge where I understood how difficult sales is. I travelled extensively and there I understood human psychology. Infosys gave me an opportunity to see the world and understand various cultures. Oracle was a fast paced experience and pushed me to the brim and helped me appreciate dignity of labor. KPMG and Deloitte taught me that it is the how part which is more important than what. And not to forget the world of deadlines. What are key activities that are involved while transforming the conventional supply chains into digital ones? First and foremost it is the mindset which is critical. Secondly, it is important to prioritize and understand 06

ROI implications. Thirdly it is important to build a synergy between the physical and digital world.

What are some of the key challenge that emerge in the actual implementation of digital supply chain technologies and how do organizations overcome them? Organizations typically try to do a big bang approach which is a recipe for failure. It is important to understand the value and prioritize. What are some of the key benefits or advantages that organizations derive by implementing digital supply chain technologies? First and foremost organizations can plan faster as we have better data sensing. Secondly any business problem can be converted into a mathematical problem and arrive at a solution. Thirdly. Artificial intelligence is a key benefit Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

How are the startups today leveraging the technological advancements in the digital supply chain domain ? Startups offer solutions on open source and cloud which are affordable. They have the flexibility of an agile organization. Despite using or implementing digital supply chains in the organizations, do organizations still face any inefficiencies in their processes ? Finally it all boils down to human behavior. If intent is not there, nothing will work. How do you think the private companies and the governments can collaborate together to come up with new operational strategies for implementation of digital supply chains? Government can provide the framework but it is the private companies which need to take initiative. In the today's era of technological a advancements, how should the

workforce or the employees should train themselves in order to stay competent in the changing landscape? People need to reskill. Learn. Unlearn and relearn. Mindset has to change. How should the organizations in India should take steps in order to widely implement and make use of digital Supply chains ? People should take a long term view rather than looking at cost alone.

Finally, for any aspiring candidate who wants to embark his/her career into the field of Digital Supply Chain, what are the key trends/developments that he/she should focus upon ? Appreciate technology. Dirty your hands. Don't shy away from experimenting. Anything important you would like to share with us which has not been covered in the previous questions You are smarter than us as per Darwin's law of evolution. We have the experience. Together we can make a better world.

Corporate Insights

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Application of Supply Chain Analytics: Optimizing Freight Supply Chains - Deep Arora - Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), Pune “ The Supply Chain is like nature; it surrounds us all; yet the DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN has the potential to change our environment completely. ”

live in a country where the logistics industry is slated to be worth $160 billion. Several start-ups have emerged in India to tackle this globally unsolved problem statement. The freight scene also has its share of bottlenecks to deal with, which include but are not limited to problems such as fragmentation, inflated costs, lack of visibility into lanes, limited digital capabilities, and backhauling. Start-ups that are techdriven offer solutions to fleet owners by optimizing supply-demand matching, eliminating brokerages by connecting supply with relevant demand thereby reducing costs, exposing truckers and fleet owners to uncharted lanes and also facilitating reverse loads to reduce costs. Companies use data science and analytics to address these issues and grow. The most advanced technologies are being used by Uber Freight, BlackBuck, and Rivigo to monetize this market. The right logging of data can help industries grasp the intricacies of problems and help them overcome them.

As an example of implementation, a simple regression technique could be used to predict demand in a specific region so that supply can be exposed well within time. This would allow truckers to avoid idling periods.

4.12

North

4.17

East 4.36 4.28

4.31

4.18 West South 4.26 4.18

Pickups Deliveries

Indian trucking report for pickup and delivery performance across regions

Tracking key metrics such as supply turnaround time (TAT), truck time in transit (TIT), placement index, and other metrics can help organizations determine and optimize these metrics to maximize revenue. The industry has been a tough nut to crack with its convoluted systems, especially in a country like India.

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Process and Need With the advent of big data technologies and advanced data engineering techniques, the process of data collection and data audit has become even simpler. Organizations collect real-time GPS data about the trucks whereabouts, driver data through mobile applications and numerous other details. These organizations in turn provide shippers and carriers of every size with actionable insights to build their supply chains even more efficiently. Leveraging machine learning algorithms can help define a

successful supply chain. For freight forwarders, implementation of these algorithms can be on a varied range of business fronts like prices, routes taken, volumes moved, customer requirements, etc. The data on these metrics can help optimize supply chains, yield business-critical insights and process operations. One of the key techniques used from machine learning is the technique of demand forecasting, which helps the demand side of the supply chain in anticipating demand across regions and businesses.

Rank of Products shipped in the month of June 2020 by a top freight company

Application of Supply Chain Analytics: Optimizing Freight Supply Chains

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Analytics and Insights In a supply chain life cycle in the freight industry, a load is created when a demand wants to ship goods from point A to point B within x amount of time. Once a supplier relates to the relevant demand, is successful matchmaking done. The supplier sends the truck to the loading point, and products are loaded on the truck. On reaching the unloading point, the products are delivered to the destination location, and the full and final settlement is done. These individual phases of the life-cycle may be susceptible to many of issues and problems. Some of the typical issues might be • Load expires even before the relevant supply could see it • Document or truck-type mismatch resulting in order cancellations at the loading point • Spillage/product damage discovered while unloading point leading to deductions • Truck malfunction during the transit process • Payment/fulfilment issues due to settlement document mismatches. Hence, it becomes crucial to track each and every aspect of the supply chain life cycle, till the order is fulfilled to ensure smooth functioning of the same. This is where data capture comes into play. If the data are being tracked in every of these phases in the correct manner, advanced analytics methods and machine learning can be leveraged to

solve these issues.

Supply Chain Life Cycle in Freight

Pricing and Incentives Pricing especially in India is dependent on factors like market standard, seasonality, an affinity for products movement and a lot of other factors. An effective model could account the factors well while stating the price, and it could also account for the dynamic nature of pricing in realtime while monitoring the same. With effective data storage capacity and machine learning models, these daunting issues can be catered to. Brokers intervene in the entire shipping-cycle in the terms of pricing, and this hence results in a revenue loss for the freight company. There are companies that rely on user behavior and transaction data to roll out the best schemes possible and incentivize their efforts. This in turn leads to maximization of effort and results and leads to retention of these drivers/truckers in their businesses. Drivers' and truckers' performance

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Demand-Supply predictions for fourth quarter of the year of trucking market

data could be used by organizations to understand their drivers/truckers well so that the businesses could be monetized to the maximum through

advertising and other forms of revenue-generating mechanisms, such as social media and e-commerce.

Demand-Supply predictions for fourth quarter of the year of trucking market

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User Segmentation to Understand User Activities Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. In these types of problems, the user only has the input data, and the corresponding output variables are missing. The basic objective of the algorithm is to model the underlying structure of the data points in order to understand the data better. Businesses use clustering techniques to understand their user base and their affinity towards the business. Clustering techniques can be very

useful in a lot of industries ranging from freight to retail. Another instance of clustering implementation is in the retail sector wherein there is a need to understand customer buying patterns to be able to provide customtailored offers and shelf placement optimization techniques. With proper clustering implementation, users can be segmented into different clusters like high-value customers, returning customers, churned segments and highly active buckets. These buckets can then individually be targeted for marketing and other sorts of campaigns.

Supply base segmentation based on user properties

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Conclusion The shipping and transportation industry is an ever-growing market base that is becoming more relevant as technology advances. The increased demand for freight has led to a vast increase in the number of goods available worldwide, increasing logistics requirements and increasing shipping cost as well as fuel consumption. The industry's logistics professionals need to be able to take

into account all possible factors affecting the supply chain in order to make the best decisions concerning their companies’ products. There are various areas of improvement in Leveraging Analytics for Supply Chain Optimization in the Freight Industry in India and with the advancement of Data science, analytics and AI technology we will see a drastic change that will get better and better only.

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AI for Continuous and Proactive Improvement in the COVID era: Resilient Supply Chains - Nishant , Vasu Golyan - Indian Institute of Management, Indore

With

the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Artificial Intelligence rapidly occupied a central role to the fight against the virus. Ranging from infection-diagnosis to drugdevelopment, from forecasting the spread to population monitoring & surveillance, the tools of AI have been called upon to address the scope & scale of the pandemic. Even in the quest for an effective vaccine, AI & ML played an instrumental role in the development of a potential jab, helping in the augmentation of the scientific understanding of the disease and providing relief to battered economies worldwide. We need not look further than the topics’ popularity in the world of academia, to ascertain its relevance and importance. Several assessments reveal key & specific uses of AI, in the context of the pandemic, including but not limited to medical diagnosis & supply chain resiliency. Inspiration from History: Historically, global shocks have brought out moments of truth and reckoning. Such Black Swan events (such as Covid) usually handicap economies and societies beyond repair. They rapidly alter the business landscape, often in ways that aren’t recognized immediately. Yet, goes the cliched business saying - “In every 14

challenge, there lies an opportunity”. As history has witnessed, these shocks are often the springboard for newer technologies and trends to reshape economies and societies. The SARS outbreak of 2003 is held responsible for giving rise to ecommerce giants such as Alibaba & JD.com. Whereas companies such as American Express and Starbucks pivoted during the global financial crisis to digital operating models. And it wouldn’t be wrong to say that Covid is the event, where industry and economy whole-heartedly adopt AI to usher in the next wave of resiliency. What do we expect now? COVID-19 will greatly accelerate several major trends that were already popular before the outbreak. And these very trends will continue to dominate, as companies shift their focus to recovery. The current global unpredictability has already highlighted the substantial role that is played by supply chains in the macrolevel success of global MNCs. Industry 4.0 technologies such as AI were slowly being assimilated into global supply chains in the pre-pandemic era. The post-covid era will now demand these technological advances as basic Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

tenants for supply chain resiliency. their sourcing & production activities in a few low-cost locations, companies will actively attempt to incorporate more redundancy into their value chain & distribution systems. Recent studies have highlighted the affliction of over 90% of Fortune 1000 players, in terms of their Tier-II suppliers, in the most-impacted regions of China, while early on in the pandemic. Supply-Chains will now be spread across multiple geographical locations, minimizing disruptive risk, and AI would play a crucial role in managing supply-demand risks that comes with such spread out supply nodes. On the demand side, Consumers will now purchase more and more goods and services on online platforms. And an increasing number of people will now work remotely. This massive shift to the digital economy is bound to increase AIs relevance in both supply-demand

equations, and force companies to mandatorily invest in being AI-ready. In the next section of this report, we take a look at the integration strategy and principles that will be required by business to remain in the sweet 14% spot from the above curve. Role of the AI in the PC era We hold the stance that the application of AI-aided decisionmaking will be crucial & immensely valuable in allowing companies to adapt to these trends and acknowledge these changed business realities: • Advanced robots will use AI and machine learning to recognize objects and handle tasks that previously required humans. This will promote the operation of factories and other facilities 24/7, in multiple locations and with little added cost.

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•

demand dynamic labour forces. It will also help in accurate demand forecasting, given the changed buying behaviour of consumers all across the world. With data being the new oil, and people spending more time online than ever, there will be no dearth of insights for AI mechanisms to work with. Through advanced data analytics, AI can companies detect new consumption patterns and deliver “hyper-personalized” products to a discerning customer.

The most successful examples would be those which seamlessly combine the functionality of AI with human judgment and experience, thereby ushering into the Industry 5.0 era. The New Reality of Artificial Intelligence: Smart Supply Chains This new reality is bound to significantly impact factors such as

costs, revenue, and operating models for businesses across the world. Below we try to assess how the global business landscape is changing along three key dimensions—value chain redundancy, dynamic consumption patterns, and remote ways of working. We take a look at the role that AI can play in enabling companies to develop competitive advantage in this new environment Building the Real Human Driven Artificially Intelligent Company: We believe a successful AI-centered operating model is the need of the current business environment. And it must integrate hu man judgment and experience at its center. Industry 5.0 is no longer just a theoretical concept, but it’s something that we live and breathe in now. Five guiding principles to building what business can call a “Human + AI” operating model are:

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• • • • •

Onboard leadership by building a case for the advantages of AI Reimagine and Restructure the organization with Industry 5.0 at its Centre Transform into a human-powered AI business Adapt legacy processes to resilient systems Prepare people today for the changes that will come tomorrow

A Concluding Note: A survey conducted by BCG, regarding the business response to the COVID-19 crisis found that most companies have continued to focus on short-term reactive measures. But the current

period provides the best opportunity to take bold, transformative action and integrate the advantages of AI into continuous and proactive improvement in business processes Companies that have already introduced AI, should press ahead in order to achieve maximum impact in the near term while maximizing longterm strategic value for all stakeholders involved. They should not hesitate to scale up and invest into this technology, because AI will be a significant lever that can help them not only manage this crisis but come out more resilient, resurgent and ready for the future.

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Strategizing Supply Chains towards Achieving Sustainability through Circular Economy - Monil Shah, Sagar Sompura - KJ Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai Introduction

The

earth’s natural processes are circular and play on an equilibrium, soil-plant-food & oxygen-animaldeath-decay-soil. Unfortunately, the human-generated waste doesn’t follow a similar cycle, and the waste we generate ends up in landfills 59%, dumps 13-33%, in other ways disposed of 6-26% of times. There is a complete transition observed in the global industries, where companies are moving towards sustainability and utilising wastes as a resource and creating joint value propositions. Today, CE has become a focal point in significant policy changes across the globe and is being endorsed for its potential to derive value. The common misconception towards CE’s focus goes beyond recycling, with the extended focus being on generating high value throughout the product’s lifecycle through: • • •

Closing the loop Slowing the loop Narrowing the loop

Strategies of circular economy Today, every company talks about the Circular BM, where businesses recover and recycle their by-products from other industries to create finished products. A circular BM communicates how an institution builds value to its stakeholders while minimizing 18

ecological impacts and cutting operational wastes. Creating a sustainable circular BM dependent on selecting a pathway that orients the organisation’s capabilities and resources and addresses the constraints on its operations. The three primary strategies to create a circular BM include: A. Retain Product Ownership (RPO) In this approach, the owner leases the goods to customers rather than upfront selling. Thus, ownership remains with the producer after the customer’s requirement is fulfilled. RPO works best with products that are relatively expensive and sometimes needed. For example, blazer’s rental model is gaining more attention in status-conscious societies. Several online fashion companies rent their designer clothes to people who need a smart outfit for a one time event. Their clothes may have little intrinsic value in their raw materials, but their brand value can be huge. Another example of RPO is Xerox which has been leasing its products to institutional clients. The company heavily invests in after-sales and maintenance services rather than the concept of sell and replace. B. Product Life Extension (PLE) A longer product lifespan equates to fewer purchases over time. But a key competitive differentiating feature. Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

here is durability, which also provides a strong rationale for premium pricing PLE can also help companies to maintain their brand loyalty. Bosch Power Tools remanufactures its used tools, thereby prolonging their life and enables it to compete with new products from low-cost, low-quality producers. C. Design for Recycling (DFR) Companies applying the DFR strategy redesign their products and manufacturing processes to optimize the recoverability of materials used in their new products. This strategy often relies on technical partnerships with companies having specific expertise in best recovering their materials. Adidas’s partnership with Parley for the Oceans is an example of this strategy. Plastic waste retrieved by Parley from and entering the ocean is used to make textile thread utilized by apparel. Organizations can decide

Adidas to manufacture its shoes and which combination of the three strategies will help them move towards sustainability by charting their current value propositions onto the CE matrix. Through this, they can design a BM to unlock the most value for their organizations. Designing Business Models for Circular Economy A company’s BM needs to recover value economically by reusing the product, thereby extending the value of the materials used and energy spent by breaking it down into parts or recycling it for different use. The model can unlock the value by rethinking manufacturing practices for socially conscious customer. External factors such as regulations, customer engagement, secondary markets or active commodity component markets also play an important role in bringing out the model’s value proposition.

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Quantitative assessment of value and cost, experimenting and testing along with integration of the above strategies gives the desired result. The correct model can be selected by answering two questions: A.

How easy is it to get the product back? The reverse supply chains and their enabling infrastructure determines the answer to this question. For example, Norwegians positively recycle their waste through the extensive retail ecollection network. The governmentrun deposit refund scheme makes it possible; the lack of such a system in other countries results in low circularity. The model becomes unviable if the captured value is not economical. If the product has a high resale value, customers might not want to part with it (electronics, iPhone), thus becoming difficult for the manufacturers to complete the loop. B.

How easily can value be recovered from the product? Reverse supply chains become complex and expensive for hazardous products. Products intricately constructed are challenging to break down and recover value from their parts, - e.g. smartphones vs desktopsthis becomes even more difficult if recovery is time and labor-intensive, thus violating the investment argument. The answer help organizations realize their position in the above circularity model.

Relevance of Circular Economy Business Models in Industry Paper: Since the 90s, CE adoption has been at core of Favini’s corporate strategy. It implemented the model when the demand for ecological paper was almost zero and companies weren’t yet equipped towards developing sustainable supply chains. Today, the company can reap all the benefits since it has been the first mover in the sector while still majorly involved in development projects. The phenomenal results achieved have put Favini at the forefront. This has allowed the organization to collaborate with important fashion brands to create ecological packaging for various product lines. Favini has also supported circular projects like Circo for valuing the waste deriving from coffee roasting. Additionally, Favini has reduced its water consumption by 40% due to implementing a closed water cycle system. Consequently, the carbondioxide emissions have been declined by 21% and energy consumption by 15%. Fashion: Luxury brands like Stella McCartney Gucci and Balenciaga developed sustainable BMs by integrating circularity in supply chains and product design. Kering, a parent company of these Haute couture brands, declared a circularity ambition in 2021 and aims to highlight current

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policies and practices to integrate circularity throughout product lifecycle stages. The practices in each of the brands are aligned towards sustainability and are utilizing principles of DFR and PLE through reusing and recycling leather, polyester, and cotton from old products, upcycling textile scrap into fashion supply chains. These practices can help save over 8000 tonnes of carbon per year, equivalent to a reduction of 19% carbon-dioxide emission of the company. Way Forward and Conclusion The shift towards circular economy can start with adopting strategic steps to bridge the gaps through leadership and action. The move towards circular BMs is an example of fundamental

change, which requires a pivotal approach in thinking and doing business. Without aligning the resources of the modern era’s industry to sustainability goals, organizations can’t envision achieving a sustainable competitive advantage against their competitors. It is only a matter of time that AI and the Circular Economy would converge to produce even significant value. AI could act as a catalyst and help scale the transition of the companies to enhance their circular BM and optimize their circular infrastructure. Both AI and the Circular Economy are by themselves breakthrough ideas that are set to change the world dramatically and are envisioned as the optimal pathway to sustainable development.

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Rise of Warehousing Markets: A Resilient Asset Class -

With

the advent of GST in 2017, Companies had started consolidating their warehouse networks as a part of rationalizing their needs. This decision got exposed during the pandemic when the logistics and operations of many companies were impacted owing to a limited number of warehouses in the country. There were expected delays in construction of new warehouses to disperse the existing network, and the supply side was severely disrupted, but the Warehousing market emerged out as a resilient asset class. “Modest absorption amidst the Covid-19 uncertainties hints that the fundamentals of the industrial and logistics sector is strong and set to take a faster revival route among

- Muskan Garg Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Delhi major real estate asset classes,” Ramesh Nair, CEO and Country Head, India, JLL said. Decentralised Global Manufacturing China accounted for 28.7% of Global Manufacturing output (UN Statistics Division). This manufacturing was severely impacted when travel and other restrictions were imposed. This led to a decentralization of global manufacturing and corporates looked for more avenues for manufacturing, giving a boost to Indian Logistics and Warehousing. The following chart depicts the warehousing stock for USA, China, UK and India. Indian Warehousing is still at a nascent stage and has a long way to go.

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Warehousing Gains Ground The warehousing sector has been witnessing a huge growth lately. This growth has been fueled through surge in demand in e-Commerce sector with the onset of pandemic, when this sector was instrumental in fulfilling all the demands of essentials and discretionary purchases. As per Knight Frank India’s Warehousing Market Report 2021, annual transactions in warehousing market are estimated to grow at a CAGR of 19%. Out of these transactions, the share of ecommerce has grown from 18% in FY 2017 to 31% in FY 2021. This has been attributed to the aggressive expansion of the e-Commerce industry into Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities with greater internet penetration. Stocking requirements have gone up by 3-4x to prepare for the pandemic. Although these requirements might seem to go down with normalcy resuming, but a risk of future supply chain disruptions make it unlikely, as claimed by experts. Pandemic also saw a steep rise in demand for

pharmaceuticals, which in turn relied on warehousing market for its cold storage services. Covid-19 Vaccines and API drug formulations pushed the need for temperature controlled distribution and storage. FMCG and Pharmaceutical industries remain highly dependent on warehousing services. The supply chain disruptions caused due to the pandemic have been eased by warehouses through automated, high quality services. Cold chain requirements have been further increased by growth in organized food delivery sector. Food retailing and it growing penetration has led to increase in demand of cold storage services. The increased demand of e-Commerce pharmaceuticals, food and FMCG is here to stay and will help boost demand of warehouses in long – term too.

The chart below shows the share of demand of key sectors for warehousing: for 2021 and predicted share for 2026.

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Increased Investor Interests Talking about the warehousing sector from the perspective of investors, warehousing has emerged as a huge area of interest of the investors, who earlier invested in just office and retail spaces. The warehousing market has seen an Institutional Investment of approximately $6 billion since 2017. Investors are hopeful of this market emerging out even stronger post the pandemic and continuing to show resilience. Hence, a lot of interest is expected from AIFs, REITs, and other secondary offerings for warehousing sector in the future. The Big Government Push The Indian government is playing a big role in giving an impetus to this sector. After the implementation of GST, the sector has been given the status of ‘infrastructure sector’ and 100% FDI has been allowed. Initiatives have been taken constantly to improve the road and port infrastructure in the country. Various schemes like PLI are boosting production and hence leading to increased demand of warehousing services. Several global firms such as Samsung, Foxconn, Hon Hai, Rising Star, Wistron and Pegatron have availed the benefits of these schemes. The government is consistently pushing for internet penetration and digitalization, which would further provide boost to e–Commerce

demand. The National Logistics Policy, which is scheduled to be launched soon, aims to bring down the logistics costs from 13-14% of GDP to 10% of GDP. All of these initiatives are set to incentivize this huge potential holding market of warehousing. Post Pandemic The warehousing market is expected to maintain the momentum it has gained post the pandemic as well. The ease offered by e-Commerce has ushered in a new trend of buying online and this will provide the growth opportunities for warehousing too. The pandemic has given a rise to new trends of sustainable supply chains, and D2C market chains, and these will be instrumental in sustaining the market. Along with E- Commerce, Pharmaceuticals, third- party logistics, food delivery and FMCG will be vital in maintaining and pushing the sector demand. Consistent warehouse park operations proved to be the way ahead for resilience, and uninterrupted supply chain operations during the pandemic. Institutional spaces backed by warehousing assets were provided resilience and fared better than their competitors. Hence, unequivocally, warehousing market has been one of the most resilient asset classes within the real estate and infrastructure sector.

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India’s Future in Circular Supply Chain -

We Indians are known for our Jugaad

culture, there is no small amount of pride attached to the ability to make things last and to tinker with pieces of one thing to fix another thing. Indians have always been as inventive with repurposing stuff as they have been with just about everything else. We lost our innate ingenuity for imaginative reuse only when the period of incapacity arose lately since we got so infatuated with bright, new, and frequently inexpensive items, and what a mess this infatuation has caused. Approximately 9% of all plastic that has ever been produced worldwide has been recycled. The remainder is dumped in environmentally harmful ways. It not only generates environmentally harmful trash, but it also encourages the mining of virgin materials continuingly. Proponents of a Circular Supply Chain regard this mindless wasteful trend as a missed opportunity. In an environment marked by extraordinary economic dynamism and a rapidly increasing population, India is on the verge of making critical decisions regarding its future growth path. If current trends continue, the country's economic high growth rate would propel it to become the world's fourth-biggest economy in around decades. The country is at a 25

- Rahul Raj Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Delhi crossroads, with its young population and rising industrial sector, and it can now make structural decisions that will place it on a path toward good, regenerative, and value-creating growth. According to the research done by Ellen MacArthur Foundation When compared to the traditional linear growth route, a Circular Supply Chain path to development might deliver India yearly advantages of Rs 40 lakh crore (US$ 624 billion) by 2050 - comparable to 30% of India's current GDP and greenhouse gas emissions would be 44% lower than they are now, and other externalities like as congestion and pollution would be greatly reduced, giving health and economic advantages to Indians. Business executives and governments across the globe are increasingly going beyond the linear 'take, manufacture, dispose' paradigm of growth to make a strategic shift toward a long-term strategy. This optimistic outlook, however, is not without risk, as the country continues to grapple with issues such as growing urbanization, resource shortages, and high poverty rates. India must leverage its expected high levels of growth and development to build a more resource-efficient system, creating value for businesses, the environment, and the Indian population, by embarking on a Circular Supply Chain transformation – Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

launching new Circular Supply Chain initiatives and reinforcing existing efforts. The long-term planning implementation and building a Circular India will benefit our business, Environment, and Consumer. •

•

Business: Reverse logistics, remarketing, remanufacturing, and refurbishing would all see increased demand in a circular economy. By delivering service model contracts that develop long-term consumer connections, Circular Supply Chain practices might offer new methods to engage customers. Concrete profit prospects are found using circular economic models, Business expenditures associated with the usage of virgin resources would be greatly reduced under a circular economy. Reduced material utilization would also lessen their reliance on variable raw material costs and increase their resilience. Circular Supply Chain strategies increase income from growing circular operations by making more productive use of material inputs (including looping of goods, components, and materials). While certain sectors (such as the material extraction business) would see lower activity, the economy would see more activity, promoting economic growth. Environment: Firstly, the GHG emissions, hazardous chemicals, and other pollutants escape into local surroundings because of the

mining of virgin materials and the generation of energy from nonrenewable sources like coal and oil. Instead of bricks, steel, and concrete created from virgin, nonrenewable input, we would need to rely mostly on the use of more renewable materials and the recycling of fiber, plastics, buildings, and demolition debris. India is grappling with serious soil degradation challenges. Applying Circular Supply Chain ideas to the food and agricultural industry would boost land productivity, reduce waste in the food value chain, and replenish soil nutrients. A Circular Supply Chain would increase the regeneration potential of land and soil assets, enhancing their value. In comparison to the current scenario, applying Circular Supply Chain techniques, particularly regenerative agriculture at scale, would reduce synthetic fertilizer usage by 49% in 2050. •

Consumers: The cost of accessing the items and services needed for housing, food, and transportation would be lower in a circular economy, resulting in more discretionary household income. Lower food costs will also aid India's implementation of the National Food Security Mission. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Housing for All) project would benefit from lower housing costs. Customers' utility, or benefit, would be enhanced by the

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high-quality commodities provided by circular models. As manufacturers develop methods that allow them to modify products or services to better match client wants, choice expands. Applying Circular Supply Chain ideas to mobility, for example, would provide customers with additional vehicle alternatives while reducing the number of cars on the road. Barriers for Circular Supply Chain Product parts have proliferated and production has been centralized in the majority of human supply chains in order to achieve two critical goals: performance through part specialization (many specialized materials and designs that add functionality) and economic efficiency through economies of scale (large plants that share fixed costs and deliver to a wide area with an elaborate distribution system). Adopting circular business models is prohibitively expensive, at least in the near future, because most supply networks have been optimized for these purposes. To recycle and remanufacture items or components, collecting systems would need to span huge distances to return from the point of use to the point of manufacture. Furthermore, due to part specialization, amassing enough parts to make recycling viable is quite challenging (or it would require very deep stripping down to

the basic metals, the basic silicon, or the basic hydrocarbons that make up the thousands of different plastic variants). Conclusion The basic issue, at least for the time being, is that broad adoption of cyclical supply chains would require businesses to give up some of the efficiencies of their huge manufacturing units and reduce part specialization. Many stakeholders must work together to realize the Circular Supply Chain prospects mentioned in this Article. Businesses have the chance to lead the way in the transition to circular models, and governments can help by creating the necessary enabling circumstances. Collaboration between these and other actors, such as the informal sector, educational institutions, nonprofits, and international organizations, will be crucial for systemic change to occur. Setting up such alliances, including other stakeholders, and doing further research might enhance the foundations needed to begin the transformation in the short term. India is a vast country with a wide range of cultures. Many of the Circular Supply Chain prospects would be highly relevant to Indians and have a significant influence on the way we live and consume as a society.

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Supply Chain Sustainability Risk Management Approach - Swati Singh - Dr. DY Patil College of Law, Navi Mumbai “A relentless barrage of “why’s” is the best way to prepare your mind to pierce the clouded veil of thinking caused by the status quo. Use it often.” ~ Shigeo Shingo

When hearing about supply chains,

what’s the first thing that comes to your mind? - Activities required to sell services or goods to customers! Easy isn’t it? Well besides being that the Supply chain is a very myriad system, The term "supply chain" can be interpreted in a variety of ways. There are numerous definitions, models, and frameworks, but different industries, functions, and practitioners have distinct areas of focus, making the generic term somewhat ambiguous. It's not often regarded as the sexiest of business fields, which I think is a shame. To me, the supply chain is an association's soul. When done well, it can be a substantial competitive differentiator; when done poorly, it can be a prominent cause of business failure.

Before going into the realms of sustainability with a risk management approach in the supply chain, let's pause and find out what the supply chain is and why it matters so much to 28

a business's growth or failure. Supply Chain is a system of overseeing and controlling the movement of goods and services from manufacture to the customer. From the sourcing of raw materials through to delivery of the finished product to the customer, a supply chain describes a company's entire production and delivery process. It outlines all the segments of the production process, such as the activities involved at each stage, communications, the natural resources that are converted into useful materials, human resources, and other elements involved in producing the finished product. Though it can appear so arduous sometimes, it's very simple if done properly and understood.

Why is it necessary for businesses to handle Supply Chains? When performing a surface analysis in a strategic planning process, mapping out the supply chain is an essential step. The clarity of the supply chain Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

helps a company define its market and conclude what its future goals will be. An organization's corporate-level strategies often determine whether a single line of business should be operated or whether it should enter into an unrelated or related industry. There are essentially different industries in every stage of the supply chain, such as the extraction of raw materials and manufacturing. Taking your company along the supply chain can help you understand others involved in each stage, giving you some insight into the competitiveness or attractiveness of future industries you may want to enter.

refine and process them into a finished product. Following that, it is delivered to a distributor, who wholesales the finished product, which is then delivered to a retailer. The retailer sells the product to customers in a store. When the consumer buys it, the cycle is complete, but the demand then drives the production of more raw materials, and the cycle continues. •

An e-commerce company's Supply Chain.

Let's have a look at some examples of Supply chains. •

Generic Supply Chain.

The sourcing and extraction of raw materials is the first step in the generic supply chain. A logistics provider then transports the raw materials to a supplier, who serves as the wholesaler. The materials are delivered to a manufacturer, or more likely several manufacturers, who

An e-commerce company has a website that sells various products. When a customer orders a product, the order is processed by technology such as a checkout cart, an order system, or a third-party product such as Shopify. Payment processors then enter the picture and handle payment transactions for the order, thereby launching a new supply chain. Payment processors use their systems, but in most cases, third parties such as PayPal & Stripe are used, and banks & other providers are involved. When a product order is placed, it is received by the warehouse, which

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ensures that the product is ready for delivery. The warehousing firm can be in-house or a third-party logistics provider. The order is then delivered to the shipping company from the warehouse. Once again, shipping can be done in-house or through a thirdparty shipping company. The package arrives at the customer's door after shipping, and the customer accepts it.

We all know that technology can do many things, and transforming the world is one of them. We're privileged to be abiding in a time where science and technology can assist us, make our lives easier, and rethink the aspects we go about in our customary lives. Seeing the recent shift of today's world towards the digital era, technology has ascertained a strong foundation to carve the future. So it is no surprise that the Supply chain has gone through digitalization over the years. These shifts are making companies rethink the way they design their supply chain.

Several technologies have emerged that are disrupting traditional modes of operation. Furthermore, megatrends and customer expectations alter the game. In comparison to the traditional method, a digital supply chain provides significantly more visibility into the chain's operations. The increased near-real-time visibility of supplier performance and customer needs enables supply chain owners to develop more complex relationships with more suppliers, thus insuring themselves against the majority of sources of disruption. Digital supply chains are more customer-centric, aiming to meet today's three pillars of demand fulfillment excellence: speed, personalization, and choice. Importance of Sustainability and Risk Management in Supply Chain. The term "supply chain sustainability“ refers to companies' efforts to consider the environmental and

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human impact of their products' journey through the supply chain, from raw materials sourcing to production, storage, delivery, and every transportation link in between. The goal is to reduce the environmental damage caused by factors such as energy consumption, water consumption, and waste generation while also having a positive impact on the people and communities in and around their operations. Building a sustainable supply chain requires businesses to understand risks, assess and monitor how their suppliers manage those risks, and diversify their supplier portfolios to reduce vulnerabilities. Solutions to Sustainable Supply Chain To solve any problem, the first thing we need is to Identify it! and then have a proper plan. When it comes to risk management, there is no such thing as "risk elimination." There are too many players in the ecosystem, especially for large companies with extensive supply chains, to identify and eliminate all operational risks. Companies, on the other hand, can implement processes to identify risk areas in their supply chains and develop specific action plans to anticipate, monitor, and solve problems as they arise. Next comes transparency, it can eliminate the damage that supplier is doing to the environment given the

fact that for example if a supplier were found to be polluting nearby water sources, and simply walking away and not solving it. An approach to engage with that supplier, agreeing there’s a problem, and coming to a joint understanding of what needs to be changed can help facilitate a transparent process with fewer risk factors. Finally, we should also be able to understand that we have work that impacts and contributes to society, which in turn brings us great responsibility. Over the years, the digital approach has been emerging quite a lot when it comes to having a sustainable supply chain strategy. We must understand that digital transformations are far from guaranteed but, by increasing our digital sophistication, sustainable supply chain management can lead to innovation during the digital transformation. In conclusion, we can say that businesses may resort to more extreme or drastic measures in the name of environmental stewardship in the coming years. Some may choose to commit to sustainable manufacturing processes or to strive for zero-waste status. However, achieving these milestones may take a lot but it will surely be an impactful change towards the betterment and development of the future of supply chain management.

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Green Transportation - Aaratrika Lahiri -ICFAI Business School, Hyderabad

carbon emissions. They wanted to test this method before implementing the same in the whole of the country of Taiwan. Taiwan was looking for a zerocarbon island green transportation policy that will regulate the total number of electric scooters, gasoline motors and influence government subsidies. These above-mentioned factors interact with each other to form a complex and dynamic system that directly impacts the policy as well as the current way of living. The thought behind quoting this section was to highlight the fact that moving to a mode of green transportation currently seems the most logical and viable step for everyone. Various fuelefficient technologies, like hybrid vehicles, eco-friendly vehicles, are essentially the solution to fulfil the world’s need for a greener environment. Now there are multiple options when it comes to green transportation, here is a look across the types:

One such case was during the year 2010 where the Taiwan government planned a four-year plan or project with a whopping 300 million US dollars budget called: “The Penghu Low Carbon Island Development Project.” Here, the objective was to use the island in concern and use it as a test platform to evaluate newer and more effective and efficient methods of conserving energy and reducing

•

layman’s terms transportation means the process of taking people or goods from one point to another. Traditional modes of transportation depend primarily on the usage of fossil fuels which contributes to 27% of carbon emission. Hasty usage of fossil fuels results in the rapid depletion of these resources and price inflation as well. Not to forget the amount of pollution that these noxious gases cause and in turn cause harm to the environment and human health issues. Given the condition that the world is currently in, it is pivotal for mankind to move to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. Despite, talking about these issues for the last several years, these issues have not been gravely addressed or taken an action. Now, this has become the responsibility of the international community to work on these to make sure that environmental issues are taken into consideration.

Bicycles: Traditional bikes and electric bicycles are here to stay. A small electrical engine does all the work of supplying power which comes from just a light peddling. The advantages are that it is faster than a traditional bicycle and does not emit any gases that cause pollution. Now, traditional bikes are never going out of fashion because, in the end, that is what Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

•

the disadvantages of this type are its complexity which denotes that this kind of bicycle comprises many parts which make its repair process a little harder when the engine malfunctions. Electric Cars: These cars are simple in the terms of their functionality; a battery is included in the car and it stores electricity once the car works. The engine can be charged once a day. However, the main disadvantage of this car in this limited range is that most of the cars have a low range and on the other hand, it is very cheap and economical, the recharging of the battery doesn’t take time. Green Trains: Now these are something that has made the buzz around the world. With most of the governments are now supporting the movement towards ecofriendly transportation, electrical trains are posing as the new necessity. These trains work with hanging wires and electrified rails and can go up to 200 MPH which saves a lot of time and provides more efficiency in reducing the distance between destinations. The only disadvantage here is that any electrical failure will lead to of this type. Hybrid Cars: Hybrid cars can move without fuel or electricity. The main advantage of this method of transportation is that it becomes automatically recharged while the car is at the braking stage. The major disadvantage of this mode is that the main source of power that runs the engine is fuel. Hence, the emission is not clean.

Let’s quickly browse through the advantages of green transportation: • Limitation of gas emission: The major aim of this transportation is to reduce or to bring down the amount of gas emission which leads to a decrease in pollution rates. • Lower cost: The majority of the green transportation modes are made from low-cost materials and they use low-cost energy. • Building a sustainable economy: Going green will, in turn, lead to a huge investment in the sector of transportation as the less operating cost will lead to creating many jobs because more industries will lead to growth and prosperity. Of all the methods of transportation we are aware of, most harm is done by road transport as far as the air contamination and traffic noise are concerned. With a head start, governments mostly take general measures to lower the construction of normal streets. In places, bringing in vogue versatility streets are planned to prompt a concurrent reduction of noise pollution and also air contamination secondly, they are taking particular measures for specialized changes in the vehicle framework. Transport represents 26% of worldwide carbon emission and is one of the only mechanical areas where emission is as yet developing. Therefore, it’s time we bring forth a change. Green is the way to go. And, let’s make these small efforts, till we see each other on the greener side.

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Emerging Trends in the Healthcare Supply Chain

Minds of Momentum -

The

sustenance of every business can be traced back to the company's capability to meet the required demand and keep the customer satisfied. The business needs to accurately forecast the demand and then plan its manufacturing and logistics accordingly to meet the demand. The company's supply chain includes activities required by the company to procure the raw materials and then deliver the finished products to the end buyer. It consists of a network between the company, its material suppliers, and the final retail sellers. Supply chain management refers to the oversight and control of all actions required for a business to transform raw materials into completed products that are then sold to consumers. The planning, design, production, inventory, and distribution processes required to manufacture and sell a company's products are all consolidated under SCM. Healthcare has become one of India's most important industries in terms of revenue and employment. Hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical equipment are all part of the healthcare industry. The Indian healthcare system is expanding rapidly due to improved coverage, services, and increased spending by both public and private entities. For 34

Kedar Ashtikar & Tanmayi Gosavi

every global health system, the COVID19 pandemic is a significant shift and transformation... The crucial relevance of supply chain infrastructure and capacity to supply critical supplies that every health system need is one of the most significant implications. The existing healthcare supply chain lacks sophistication and agility, as shown by the coronavirus health crisis. Existing systems have not only been found to be tragically ineffective in addressing crucial supply shortages, but they are also unsuited to the evolving post-pandemic health ecosystem, which requires better robustness, efficiency, and visibility. Threats and calamities tend to come with no warnings in advance. It is critical to be resilient, having the ability to positively and proactively respond to change. In today's world, when supply chain demands are higher, healthcare providers must be prepared to respond to and anticipate change and obstacles. In the healthcare system, most notably a persistent problem with the capacity and resilience of healthcare supply chains. Since the pandemic, 59-83 percent of the organizations have reported delays or longer lead times in obtaining supplies. To weather the demand swings and disruptions, 81 percent of these firms modified their inventories, the majority by increasing inventory levels. Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Important Risk Factors or Underlying Issues for Healthcare Supply Chains Lack of Resilience: COVID-19 highlighted the need for improved supply chain resilience. The significance of better adaptation to changing pandemic conditions while positioning healthcare companies "next to normal" post-pandemic. Of course, preventing supply chain interruptions in healthcare has enormous financial and patient-care implications. Perhaps this is why, according to a recent survey, supply chain disruptions are now the secondhighest priority for healthcare CEOs, after patient safety. Lack of visibility: Poor visibility, notably a lack of quick access to centralized, consumable, real-time data from distributed data sources and siloed systems, is a common cause of healthcare organization resiliency. This makes determining what is needed, in stock, and the spectrum of future demand challenging. You cannot manage something you cannot see and measure in the end. Cost control: As demand for personal protection equipment (PPE) and medical supplies rose during the epidemic, prices skyrocketed. Supply costs are now expected to overtake personnel costs as the most significant healthcare expense. According to studies, most inventory decisions made in response to disruption are suboptimal, and nearly half of them are unneeded. Given the 35

lack of visibility and the fact that health systems often acquire supplies based on historical models and physician preference rather than actual utilization and predicted demand, this is unsurprising. As a result, there is waste, procedures are delayed, and inventory and carrying costs are high. Interoperability and integration: Cost increases and visibility concerns are also caused by integration obstacles from an organizational, process, and technological standpoint. To connect the dots, data integration across different ERP, legacy supply chain systems, and external sources is required, and interoperability between instruments such as RFID barcode readers that feed product data back into these systems. Analog supply chains are the common denominator for these problems, and the Covid-19 pandemic has vividly highlighted this fact to us. Companies in the healthcare sector have started understanding this fact and are working towards upgrading their supply chains in regard to supply chain 4.0. Supply chain 4.0 is the new Digital Supply chain. A supply chain that integrates the Internet of things (IoT), advanced robotics, electronics, and automation and incorporates sophisticated Big Data Analytics to provide accurate solutions to reduce operating costs and operating time and improve visibility and customer satisfaction is termed as a Digital Supply Chain.

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Basic Outlay of Digital Supply Chain Simply put, the Digital Supply Chain (DSC) works by gathering data from various databases and database management systems like Transport Management System (TMS), Quality Management System (QMS), Warehouse Management System (WMS), Purchase Database, Supplier database, Inventory Database, etc. This data is cleaned and filtered by the Master Database Management (MDM) department. This filtered data is then stored in the data warehouse. The data warehouse is connected to the analytics department. The analytics department analyses the data and presents it via dashboards and other techniques. This output is sent to the control tower. The control tower monitors, measures, and manages material, process, transport, and inventory movement across the supply chain and provides the supply chain partners with high product visibility.

Considering the healthcare sector, the company's market tracking and forecasting department would identify the fluctuation in demand for medicines /medical equipment required, earlier and more accurately. The analytics department then analyses this data considering the 36

inputs from the inventory and warehouse management systems and communicates the necessary changes to the control tower. The control tower then automatically communicates this change in demand to the manufacturing department. After receiving these instructions from the control tower, the manufacturing department automatically adjusts the production plan accordingly. The manufacturing department shares the updated material demand plan based on the output adjustment with the control tower. The control tower communicates this change in demand to the supplier. The updated production plan is then automatically conveyed to the TMS and the WMS to make the required adjustments in the schedule. The control tower centrally manages this entire process. The control tower provides inputs to the frontend applications through which the consumers can remain up to date on when the product is being manufactured and by when it will be delivered. Conclusion Digital supply chains and digital supply networks provide a significant advantage over the analog supply chains in terms of time and cost control and a considerable boost in customer satisfaction. Digital supply chains through the Internet of things provide more visibility and improved supply chain resilience. The companies that would incorporate a digital supply chain could operate with the flexibility, versatility, and agility needed in this digital age.

Emerging Trends in the Healthcare Supply Chain

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Space Logistics

Minds of Momentum - Aviraj Jain & Hari Shankar

The

International Space Station (known as ISS) is one of the enormous artificial structures in Space. Orbiting Earth at around 400 km and with an angular velocity of 7.7 km/s weighs about 441 tonnes. It took an investment of 160 Bn USD, combined with the technical prowess and investment from five international Space agencies, namely, NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA, to construct this massive structure. It stretches for about 109 meters, and Russia and USA occupy the prominent satellite space. The daily cost of astronauts staying at ISS is about 7.5 Million dollars. Thousands of people at Earth function 24X7 from control centres globally to keep the ISS running and monitor all the activities.

To keep this massive structure functioning effectively, logistics forms an integral part of the operation of the ISS. The requirements are of 5 broad crucial categories, namely, • Food for the crew members • Water for drinking, cooling and other use • Technical supplies for the craft • People • Oxygen Out of these five essential elements, the systems can recycle water, and generation units can produce Oxygen from an onboard system. People also are only transported as and when required. There are always at least six astronauts in the ISS at any point in time. Even the technical supplies can be reused, to some extent.

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

And hence the logistics of food items form the most critical part of logistics for the ISS as it is the single nonreusable resource essential for the survival of the astronauts. Logistics of Food Items Russia and the USA take the responsibility to supply food on a 5050 split. The food items provided to the ISS have to be dehydrated first. The food that is sent into outer Space for astronauts to consume is preplanned by the mission team. The astronauts themselves often choose the menus. Scientists have invented methods to make foods last longer in Space and packaging options for astronauts on ISS. Scientists and Mission Control teams choose lightweight, nutritious, and easy to eat food while also being tasty. An Automated spacecraft arrives at the ISS every two months. This craft may be the European Space Agency's 'Automated Transfer Vehicle' or the Russian's 'Progress' spacecraft, which carry fresh food and water for astronauts aboard the ISS. Astronauts on board create a sense of teamwork by sharing their national foods. For example, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has invented a rehydratable noodle. In China, they have created a specially processed Kung Pao chicken to be eaten in Space. The Italian Space Agency (ASI) started to work on a coffee machine in s designed explicitly for Space and low gravity conditions. It was called ISSpresso. On May 3rd, 2015, astronaut

Samantha Cristoforetti had the first espresso coffee in Space.

Space Commercialization The commercialization of space has been made cheaper than ever for the first time in human history, while it is getting even more affordable day by day. This feat is possible today because of two leading companies globally funded by the richest and second wealthiest persons, SpaceX and Blue Origin. After successfully achieving reusable rocket technology, NASA awarded SpaceX the first U.S. commercial project under the 'Gateway Logistics Services' contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost in March 2020. At the spaceship, NASA will gain and fine-tune experiments to prepare for human missions to Mars in the coming years. The Gateway mission will be a satellite orbiting the Moon, providing essential support for more sustainable and long-term missions to the Moon's surface. It will also act as a crucial point for deep space exploration. The Gateway is a port for deep space transportation intended for lunar landing or Spacecraft missions beyond the Moon. It is also a destination for astronaut expeditions and science investigations.

Space Logistics

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Deep Space Logistics (DSL) handles commercial cargo and deliveries to the ISS. DSL coordinates with NASA in pre-ISS stages to ensure safe and efficient delivery, thus enabling deep space exploration. The Kennedy's Deep Space Logistics office in Florida is the primary launch site for all Gateway activities conducted at the spaceport, including: • Contract management • Commercial acquisition • Commercial End-to-end mission management service • Spaceport host for commercial & deep space logistics • Payload processing and delivery services On the other hand, Blue Origin mainly aims at becoming a pioneer in "Space Tourism". Blue Origin marked a significant milestone in July 2021 with the launch of its New Shepard spacecraft. The New Shepard is a sub -orbital reusable rocket system that can take astronauts and payloads past

the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space. The vertically taking off spacecraft, named after Alan Shepard (The first American in Space in 1961), is an autonomous aircraft. The trip marked the world's first unpiloted flight to space with an all-civilian crew. No trained astronauts were navigating the spacecraft as it lifted off from Texas. Like SpaceX Falcon-9 rockets, the spacecraft is designed to take off and land vertically and has a pressurized crew capsule that can accommodate six passengers with large windows to offer a good view of the planet from Space. A few centuries ago, journey into space was nothing more than just a dream for humanity. However, with ambition alongside technological growth, the unconquered territories of space are now within our reach. And logistics in the transportation of people and materials has played a very vital role in achieving it.

Space Logistics

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Startups

The

advancement of technology is exponential, to say the least. Apart from the urge to digitize operations to make them more focused, the fact that customers have become more demanding with preferences that have to be addressed, has made technological thrusts as relevant as ever. There is practically no sector or business that has not benefited in this technological revolution. Technology advances to make the customer experience seamless and complete from end to end have made innovative solutions possible. This, in turn, offers ample opportunities to entrepreneurs to innovate and invent to meet demands and expectations. Tagbox Tagbox is a start-up whose vision is to make the benefits of technology available to both businesses and customers. The company is founded in 2016 by Adarsh Kumar and Saumitra Singh. Tagbox streamlines the supply chain by leveraging technology and enabling the customer to get products whose quality is not compromised. They do this by a series of processes to monitor the health of products by tagging and monitoring them in real time. Tagbox claims that by “tagging” a product it is ensured that one can predict and prevent supply chain failures, ensure traceability, and 40

improve efficiency. It uses technological initiatives like IoT for sensing, Machine Learning for predictive information and AI for the control function. Working across industries like pharmaceuticals & healthcare, food & beverages, and industrial & technology, Tagbox boasts of an enviable client list. Unlike other IoT providers, Tagbox offers a fully integrated solution that encompasses hardware, software, analytics, and AI, allowing their customers to have a seamless experience. TagBox also offers fully wireless hardware solution as well as a highly customizable software platform. Tagbox doesn't believe in a one-size-fits-all solution; instead, they contextualize and personalize the solution to the needs of the customer. Rather than focusing solely on data collection, they concentrate on insights and recommendations.

Bringg With their unique offering, Bringg promises smart logistics and faster delivery by making the whole end to end process, including the “last mile,” seamless and efficient. The company Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

was founded in November 2013 by Lior Sion and Raanan Cohen. The COVID experience has made us inculcate certain habits and practices that are here to stay. This being the case, delivery of services and merchandise has become one of the key factors to make or break a business. And, simple though it may seem, the last mile performance needs a lot of attention to detail and specialist professional oversight. Bringg assists logistics leaders in scaling up and optimizing delivery services for maximum efficiency, best price, speed, control, and experience for both shippers and consignees. Bringg's cloud platform enables to achieve more with the customer’s resources by boosting route efficiency, automating dispatch, and decreasing call center load. It is no surprise that Bringg has received a lot of funding. Being based in Tel Aviv, it already has clients such as Walmart, McDonalds and Coca Cola in its bag, and it has further launched an app called BringgNow to enable small and medium sized players to manage their own crew, or third-party delivery service providers.

LogiNext Founded in 2015 with headquarters in Fremont, California, LogiNext leads the field workforce and logistics optimization solutions market with industry benchmarked products for last mile, field force, on-demand 41

delivery, and management.

linehaul

express

Businesses not only need to undertake deliveries, but they also need to predict routes as well as the expected time for completion. LogiNext’s models running on AIbased algorithms predicts locationbased decisions, automate delivery processes such as route planning, ETA calculation, traffic prediction, and manage notifications, exceptions, and the customer experience in real-time. Its revenue model consists of charging an annual fixed fee per unit across various business functions such as order capturing, capacity management, dispatch, and analytics. It has been backed by prominent organizations such as Indian Angel Network (IAN) with seed round funding of USD 5,00,000 and PayTM through series A round financing of around 10 million USD from Paytm.

LogiNext has been accepted as the fastest-growing SaaS enterprise in solution space with more than two hundred clients across various regions such as Middle-East, North America and South as well as South-East Asia. Centering the technological, logistics, and process optimization services, LogiNext boosts the business integration and economic potential of all the organizations with whom it partners. Growing at a rate of 100%

Startups

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

YoY, LogiNext has also helped all its clients reduce an average of 20% logistics cost per quarter. The benefits of the cost-saving are then passed on to the end customer. By fulfilling the requirement for optimization and progress across industries, LogiNext serves the entire ecosystem.

Freightify of empowering freight forwardWith the goal ers of any size and capacity to participate in global trade digitization, Freightify was founded in the year 2016. It empowers freight forwarders by providing white-labeled rate

automation solutions to ease digitizing their rate procurement, management, and quotation processes. Track and trace solutions provided by Freightify, permits freight forwarders to acquire the real-time exact location of vessels and automated milestones within seconds. At Freightify, there is a strong and supportive team of 100+ Logistics professionals from Europe, the USA, and India who work every day to solve complex problems of the trilliondollar logistics industry using technology. It has been able to raise USD 5.5 million until now to expand its operations. Freightify enables freight forwarders to go digital by offering plug-and-play technologies and services for the full Logistics Value Chain.

Startups

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

What’s New

New YouTube Series There can be no better way of illustration than using videos to define what one wishes to define. The visual analogy clarifies the concept better than any other thing and that is exactly what our YouTube channel ‘FORSEdu’ does. FORSEdu has come up with a new YouTube series related to China’s operational strategies and supply chain efficiency. It talks about how COVID-19 has impacted China’s supply chain management and it’s impact as a global manufacturer. Following the pandemic, many countries are trying to reduce their

dependency on China. Because of the delays in orders from Chinese factories and suppliers, several businesses have suffered losses. This latest YouTube series talks about the China +1, or simply plus one strategy which is the business strategy to avoid investing only in China and diversify business into other countries. The main focus of the series has been on the strategies that can be used to improve the efficiency of the Supply Chain Management of our country and help India compete with China.

Guest Lecture Series Guest lectures are a highly useful medium to provide exceptional knowledge to students, it also adds an extra variety to the classroom routine . Guest lecturers are the “real-world” arriving in the classroom in order to make classes more interesting. Providing guest lectures is one of the most important teaching practice at K J Somaiya Institute of Management. This year FORSE took the initiative of hosting an exclusive guest lecture series, “ideaSpark” in association with the GSCM (Global Supply Chain) conference. This new event is meant to provide the students with insights through industrial experts from

esteemed companies like HUL, Yokohama, Aragen and ARaymond. Guest speakers make students aware of current business scenarios and situations which help them get to know about the existing problems from industry professionals who are facing them and also present the solutions for it are presented by them. There are hundreds of undiscovered opportunities for students, which they get to know about after interacting with the such eminent speakers. New updates in the industry that the current syllabus has not yet covered are something that the students get to know from such guest lectures.

What's New

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

What’s Exciting in FORSE

Lean Six Sigma Certification by KPMG FORSE successfully conducted the Lean Six Sigma Certification Course by KPMG on 17th September. It was a huge success and attracted a crowd of over 100 people from K J Somaiya Institute of Management. FORSE facilitated the entire process and ensured a smooth and seamless journey for each and

every student throughout the course by bridging the gap between the students and KPMG mentors. Students got practical insights into Lean Management and Six Sigma while learning different software to understand in detail the application of concepts in various fields of management.

Wert and Wise Consulting FORSE could also bring in a Live Project exclusively for its junior committee members. The Live Project was conducted by Wert and Wise, a tax consulting start-up. It was an immersive learning experience for the students who got hands-on experience in Market Research and Digital Marketing and

constant guidance from the industry experts to broaden their knowledge base. Students across different specializations could explore research topics of their preferences, learn new software and brainstorm to apply their knowledge and creativity to complete their research reports.

Sanrachana

FORSE successfully conducted Sanrachana, a National Level Case Study Competition, as a part of the Global Supply Chain Management Conference (GSCM) 2021 in association with the International Supply Chain Education Alliance (ISCEA). It comprised a Quiz Competition Round followed by a Case Study Competition Round. The event witnessed the registration of more than 400 students from the best B-Schools across India. Sanrachana provided a brilliant 45

opportunity to enhance their problem-solving skills and apply their academic knowledge to formulate scalable and feasible solutions for complex real-world problems. The case study was designed to test the holistic understanding of the concepts and intricacies of Supply Chain and Logistics Management. It helped students get practical insights into how industrial problems are tackled and resources to be optimized to provide end-to-end solutions.

What's Exciting in FORSE

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

FORSE in Frame

•

Tanya Singh Winner of Fundamentals- Fresher's quiz by Acumen, K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

Monil Shah Winner of Commercio Artikel - Article Writing Competition Trade Winds 2021, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), New Delhi

•

Antarip Biswas runner up in Call for Articles - The Marksman Magazine by Interface Committee, K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai 1st

Ankur Mahajan Winner of Ops_Magnum - Operations Article Writing Competition held by Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), New Delhi

FORSE congratulates everyone for their achievements! 45

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Article Writing Experience “I have a keen interest in Supply Chain Management, and writing an article based on Supply Chain Management was my aim. It got successful because of Momentum. I wrote an article that helped me explore the field of SCM, and finally, to my surprise, my article won first place! I am grateful to FORSE for such a fantastic opportunity!”- Ketan Joshi, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai, Winner and writer of Smart Warehouse - Key Lever of Supply Chain Excellence, September 2021 Edition

“Writing an article for Momentum, FORSE, about Warehouse Automation was an insightful experience as it demanded sufficient research and the ability to present information concisely. Shreya and I worked together to collect data and conveniently accumulate the same to provide our readers with a good experience. Thank you for publishing our article. We hope to be able to contribute again.”Sunetra Bhattacharyya, K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Writer of Automating Warehouses for Smart Supply Chains, September 2021 Edition

“Firstly the topic and the sub-topics provided were very interesting. Most of them were about some of the disruptive technology in the current world. Thank you for giving us a platform to highlight our views and help us enrich our knowledge base. It took a lot of research, and in the process, we learned a lot, and it was fascinating when we got an appreciation for the same. I feel all efforts were worth it..”- Abhishek Keluskar & Nikhil Ghantial, Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai, 2nd Runner-up and Writer of Centre Procurement & Distribution of Vaccine in India, September 2021 Edition

“It was a fantastic experience to write for the previous edition of FORSE since it was my first write-up after joining a b-school. I was a little nervous about the content and topic selection, but the editorial team had clearly explained the theme and the sub-topics and instructions for the writer's ease..”- Sanket Aradhye & Meet Mehta, Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai, Writer of Data Fabric – Manufacturing as a Service, September 2021 Edition 46

Momentum December 21 Edition, Vol XVIII

Brain Teasers •

OpsWords Complete the crossword puzzle below

Across 1.

Which reactive algorithm produces best results, i.e., the minimum number of tardy orders over the planning horizon and the smallest horizon length?

4. The ________ supply chain pertains to the distribution of goods and services to the end customers. 5. The process of restoring end-of-life products (cores), components, modules, and parts to an almost new condition is called ___________. 6. ___________ cost is the cost involved in direct labor. 9. ___________ positioning is the strategic choice a firm makes on the degree of customer contact, degree of divergence, and degree of complexity pertaining to the service.

Down 2. _______________ Reflow is one of the basic processes involved in SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY (SMT) ASSEMBLY. 3. _____________ effect denotes the increasing severity of distortions in demand information and ordering patterns as the information travels from one layer of the supply chain to the next layer. 7. The main input for master scheduling is ____________ planning. 8. _______ technology is the analysis and comparisons of items to group them into families with similar characteristics. 10 ___________ inventory is used when product manufacturers set aside extra raw materials for stages in a production line, so that a low-stock situation or breakdown at one stage doesn't slow or stop operations.

Brain Teasers •

Answer for OpsWords of September 2021 edition Across

Down

Collaborative

Green

Water

Sustainability

Ethical

Sustainable

10.

Detoxification

Synchro

11.

Operational

Machine

14.

Collaborative

GHG

15.

Quantum

12.

Green

13.

IOT

TEAM MOMENTUM

“The strength of the team it’s each individual member, the strength of each member is his team.” – Phil Jackson Faculty In-Charge Dr. Pramod Shetty Area Chairperson Operations

Designers Shatakshi Bajpai Ayush Agrawal

Editors

Minds of Momentum

Ankur Mahajan Basir Quadri

Tanmayi Gosavi | Kedar Ashtikar | Aviraj Jain | Hari Shankar

simsr.forse forsesimsr.com

forsesimsr

forse.simsr FORSEdu