Momentum - March 2022 Annual Edition

Companies Practicing Circular Supply Chain

Chairperson’s Note

With a view to aid practitioners and learners in the vast field of operations and interface areas, FORSE - the committee of enthusiasts has been making efforts to bring new and emerging concepts and topics for the readers. MOMENTUM is an outcome of these efforts.

I am sure the present issue will kindle your thoughts and further your knowledge in the field of Operations and Supply Chain. Congratulations to the team for their efforts in bringing out this issue.

Happy Reading !

Dr. Pramod Shetty Faculty In-charge - FORSE Area Chairperson (Operations) K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Editor’s Note Dear Readers, “Reading is the gateway skill that makes all other learning possible” — Barak Obama We are delighted to bring to you the March 2022 Annual Edition of Momentum.

Through this quarterly magazine, we don’t only share knowledge but also provide platform to share your knowledge as we believe that knowledge is power. In the past editions we have seen the articles on supply chain in environment of industry 4.0, sustainability in supply chains, application of supply chain analytics and many more. Concept of Circular Supply Chain has been emerging as one of the prominent change in the organizations currently.

The area encompasses the topics such as Data Analytics in Circular Supply Chain, Application of Supply Chain in Circular Economy and many more. Thus, to explore this area more, we present you this edition with the theme - “Circular Supply Chain” We at FORSE, believe in continuous learning and improvement as it helps in constant expansion of skills. This cultural philosophy also reflects in our magazine. The structure of our magazine is such that it will give you detailed insights of the theme and add value to you. Our magazine has various enriching sections such as Recent Trends, Overview, Various Articles, Brain Teasers and many more engaging activities done by FORSE. We also have an interesting section- “Corporate Insights”, to get corporate perspective of the theme from industry experts.

The articles that are included in this edition provide good insights into various topics related to the theme like Trends and Innovation in Circular Supply Chain, Digital Traceability, Risk Management in Supply Chain, Reverse Logistics Strategies for E-commerce and various other enlightening articles.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who has contributed to the magazine and wish for enthusiastic participation in the future as well. We hope you have a great experience reading this edition of Momentum. We also hope that we could provide a platform through this magazine to share and gain knowledge, leaving you with a richer knowledge base to cherish and apply in various aspects of your career.

Happy Learning, Team Momentum

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FORSEian’s Note Dear Readers, We at FORSE (Forum of Operations Research & Supply Chain Enthusiasts), since our inception have been striving for excellence & building business acumen of students in K J Somaiya Institute of Management by not only organising simulation events, case study competition, international conferences, magazines but also by executing campaigns, posts through social media handles thereby utilising the digital media space to communicate the very fabric of supply chain, operations strategy and logistics with all the operations enthusiasts across different geographies.

MOMENTUM our quarterly magazine is an attempt to bring forward enlightening topics and concepts in the field of operations, supply chain and logistics to our readers. It contains articles based on different themes in each issue. Since its inception, Momentum has covered many topics under various themes including but not limited to SCM & Logistics in E-commerce, Supply chain in 21st Century, Scope of Operations across different Industries & Business Functions, Industry 4.0 , Sustainability in Logistics and Supply Chain, IT Operations and many more.

For the future of the company and the world as a whole, sustainability is becoming extremely important in supply chain management. A circular supply chain is a modern supply chain model that focuses on utilizing both waste and returns. It helps to reduce natural resource consumption, increase raw material productivity and lifecycles and reduce manufacturing costs which fulfills the need of sustainability.

Through the March 2022 Edition of Momentum which revolves around the theme “Circular Supply Chain”, we strive to enhance the knowledge of our readers by the impactful recent industry trends and promising start-ups in today’s era.

On behalf of the FORSE Momentum Team, which has worked meticulously to bring this issue to you, we hope that the magazine gives you great insights and aggrandize your knowledge bank. Stay tuned for upcoming issues with more interesting themes.

Keep Learning!

Earnest Antony Green Convener

Krisha Sanghvi Co-convener

Hrushikesh Athare Co-convener

Dnyanesh Mahajan GSCM President Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Index

Overview of Circular Supply Chain Page 01

Recent Trends in Circular Supply Chain

Page 04

Corporate Insights Page 07

Trends and Innovations in Circular Supply Chain

Page 10

Circular Supply Chain - Benefits and Examples Page 14

How the Circular Supply Chain Model Will Replace the Linear Supply Chain

Page 17

Reverse Logistics Strategies for E-Commerce Page 20

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Innovations in Logistics - A Push for Circular Supply Chain Model Page 24

Circular Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry (Minds of Momentum)

Page 28

Waste Management using SCM (Minds of Momentum) Page 32

Start-ups in Circular Supply Chain

Page 36

What’s New Page 39

What’s Exciting in FORSE?

Page 40

FORSE in Frame Page 42

Article Writing Experience: December 2021 Edition

Page 43

Brain Teasers Page 44

Index

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Overview of Circular Supply Chain

Today,

supply chain is one that tailors its methods and operations as closely as possible to consumer expectations. As a result, few topics top the list of customer concerns more than sustainability. Not only that, but governments all over the globe are pushing for sustainability, with a variety of fines and rewards for firms who follow their policies and recommendations.

As a result, businesses are rapidly transitioning to "green" supply chains. Supply chains that are less wasteful, employ recyclable resources, and have a lower carbon impact, among other things.

Making that move, however, is far from simple and necessitates a complete shift in the way supply chains are run and controlled. In essence, businesses require a new operational model. This is where the circular economy and circular supply chain concepts come into play. These ideas represent a 01

paradigm change, a new method for organizations to build their supply networks for long-term sustainability.

What is it?

A circular supply chain is one that is designed to reuse both its actual waste products and its returns. Its mission is to upcycle these materials and return them to new products that they can resell. As a result, supply chains are undergoing significant changes. A paradigm shift in which trash as we know it no longer exists or is maintained to a minimal minimum.

Naturally, this implies near-perfect long-term viability.

A circular economy is an alternative to the classic linear economy (make, use, dispose), in which we maintain resources in use for as long as feasible, extracting as much value as possible while the product is in use.

Core materials are collected and regenerated when a product reaches the end of its life cycle. The circular economy is designed to be waste-free and resilient.

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Why is it important?

It's a new supply chain model because, by its very nature, it meets a demand that businesses are frantically attempting to address. That is, the above-mentioned requirement for long-term viability.

Many preconceived notions are turned on their heads. There is value in garbage in a circular supply chain.

A circular economy turns waste into a resource, This resource results in additional items. Furthermore, it is a forward-thinking paradigm not just in terms of outcomes, but also in terms of management. It also represents a significant step forward in the marriage of technology and supply chain methods, since digitalization is critical to the creation of a circular supply chain. With that in mind, the next big thing in supply chain technology may be an allencompassing solution that allows organizations to "go circular" without having to adopt many technologies.

Why are they rare?

Despite the growing interest in circular supply networks, there are few working instances available. The reason for this is that successful circular supply chains tend to be rather local, and the items and services involved are made up of small number of components.. To optimize a performance cost trade-off, human-made products and services typically comprise multiple specialized pieces and widely dispersed operations. As a result, unless consumers are ready to sacrifice 02

performance and cost, circular supply chains will stay uncommon.

What are the challenges is Circular Supply Chain?

• The emergence of leasing- and renting-based systems enabled by digital technology will disrupt supply chain interactions - Issues will develop over how to incentivize asset use (pay per use models), particularly when suppliers are interested in maximizing product usage. It will be necessary to take a holistic strategy. Rolls Royce's "Power-bythe-Hour" aero-engines and Philips "Pay per Lux" are leaders in this field, but the prospects in many sectors have yet to be realized.

• Increasing supply chain structural flexibility by involving additional participants, some of whom may be small and local - Identifying and working with new partners with the proper skills and capacities to deal with returned items in a way that minimizes environmental consequences and provides value, again from a whole-chain perspective, is one of the challenges. Globechain is an example of this, as it assists in lowering the costs of finding new partners.

• New open loops must be created Loops that are open rather than closed (within the same firm, supply chain, or even sector) to maximize the chances of maintaining and developing value.

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This could also include transitioning between biological (materials processing) and technical processes (mechanical processing).

Close coordination amongst industries that often do not collaborate - Cement and tires are a fantastic illustration, but the problem needs to be addressed on a far larger scale. Different norms and even cultures can make it difficult for organizations to collaborate, even though doing so may be critical to resolving some of these difficulties.

It is notoriously difficult to establish industry-wide standards. Although the internet provides a common platform for data input and output, we are still a long way from having the same level of interoperability when it comes to waste data and processing.

Is there any evidence that a circular supply chain approach is effective?

Another significant problem is measurement - We discovered that harmonizing business data with regional and

national resource use efficiency and waste reduction measures is difficult. Indeed, a review of what corporation’s report on reveals a very limited attempt to incorporate circularity thinking into performance assessment, which now accounts for changes in inputs and outputs of various resources such as energy, water, waste, and so on. To truly incorporate the circular economy, organizations and suppliers must reconsider which metrics are utilized, such as the value of returned and recovered materials in supply chains, and how they share the advantages of this returned value.

Waste management is costly, resulting in taxes on both businesses and the general population. Although punitive taxes can and should assist eliminate waste, they are frequently insufficient to change behavior. Consumers, on the other hand, are looking for businesses to respond to their concerns about plastic waste, ocean pollution, and climate change.

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Recent Trends in Circular Supply Chain

Circular

economic models are creating a paradigm shift for supply chain managers. With the help of Circular models, companies are reducing their impact on the environment and lowering their Total Cost of Business by using resources for longer. Companies are also considering building relationships with suppliers and vendors whose values match their own. Sustainability is much more than just environmental stewardship. It's also crucial to stay afloat as competing businesses and customers demand more transparency from corporations. Some of the recent trends in the Circular Supply Chain include: Product-as-a-Service Models Reclaiming products for reuse and recycling can be achieved only with the consumers' cooperation. As a result, companies like Signify are using product-as-a-service models that enable the company to maintain control over the product throughout its life span. One option for businesses to ensure that their items don't end up in landfills is to use the product-as-a-service model.

Incentivized Recycling They are incentivizing consumers in another way to ensure the return of products to the company or recycle them. Vodafone's trade-in program is an excellent example of this. The company offers trade-in value for an 04

old device, which can be used for a new one.

The old phones traded in by consumers can be used for parts and recycled, thereby reducing waste.

H&M, a clothing retailer, has also declared its intentions of making its operation circular by providing collection bins where consumers can drop off their used H&M clothes. H&M claims that more than half of the materials it uses are recycled or sustainably sourced, and it plans to attain 100% sustainability by 2030.

Vodafone's trade-in initiative allows the exchange of old devices for new ones

Plastic Pallet Pooling Pallet pooling allows warehouses, manufacturers, and distributors to rent pallet supplies. Before pooling, used wood shipping pallets led to large amounts of waste generated in the supply chains as they required frequent repair and ended up in landfills after more than twenty trips through a supply chain. The use of plastic pallets instead of wood makes pallet pooling genuinely circular.

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This is because plastic is resistant to damage from moisture and other environmental factors and has a much longer useful life than wood.

Plastic pallets are easily ground down and recycled into new pallets when they reach the end of their useful lives. Because the pallet pooling company keeps track of each pallet throughout its life cycle, it can assure that the pallets are reused, repaired, and recycled in a closed loop.

Downcycling of Materials Down cycling is the recycling of waste where the recycled product is of lower functionality and quality than the original material. Batteries remain one of the most challenging materials to recycle because of their complicated chemistry.

Currently, most batteries are "downcycled" into materials that may be used for road construction and landfill caps. Energizer, one of the world's largest manufacturers of batteries, launched EcoAdvanced- the world's first battery made with 4 percent recycled batteries. Levi's stores accept old shoes and clothes of various brands, which are then downcycled and transformed into materials that can be used for insulation for buildings, cushioning materials, and new fibers for clothing.

Proving Product Origins using Blockchain Blockchain's design supports two uses for the circular economy – first to incentivize a positive behavioral 05

change and to prove product origins.

Blockchain is a technology that helps develop a transparent digital supply chain and offers an immutable record of transactions that allows verifying the source of products.

Provenance, a blockchain startup, has tested the technology in the fishing industry, helping in tracking the tuna from line to store and authenticating the fishers with verified social sustainability claims.

Incentivizing Positive Behavior with Blockchain Blockchain can appoint tokens to natural resources, giving them a unique identity that people can trade.

This facilitates a new system of pricing and trading natural resources and allows individuals to adopt circular Behaviour. Plastic Bank, a recycling company, has developed digital tokens for plastics that individuals can use in partner stores.

IoT Integration for Circular Supply Chain As the world shifts towards a circular economy and sustainability, an IoTsupported innovative supply chain model setup can directly increase the performance and sustainability features of a circular supply chain. IoT allows the collection of data to gain better knowledge of actual and predicted infrastructure conditions and automate industrial processes.

IoT-driven technology makes smart decisions by recording all random undetectable queues and delays in the logistics systems in real-time.

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chain processes.

The dynamic visualization also allows determining product life cycle features, decisionmaking for sustainable production, measures for inventory mitigation, sustainable procurement strategies, and economic benefits in Circular Supply Chain.

Blockchain technology being used in a Digital Circular Supply Chain

Integration of Simulation Models Before implementing a circular supply chain, using simulation modeling techniques to realistically duplicate a logistics scenario depicts the reversed logistics model's future states.

Simulation models can coordinate operations using a standardized approach to visualize the reusability of circular supply chain products and processes. Simulation models can also operate as a medium to look for alternative solutions for real-time scenarios in circular supply

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Machine Learning for Sustainable Procurement Effective demand forecasting is responsible for an intelligent circular supply chain, and this requires a sophisticated Machine Learning heuristic.

A Machine Learning algorithm can absorb vast amounts of data patterns, create predictive analysis platforms, and develop better decision support systems for a circular supply chain. An optimized circular model for a circular supply chain will require IoT integration with simulation models and Machine Learning.

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Corporate Insights

Here is our detailed conversation on Circular Supply Chain with Mr. Dennis Vegter. He is a Ph.D. candidate in Performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management at the University of Twente and a Research lecturer of Supply Chain Management at NHL Stenden since 2010.

We would like to kick start this discussion by asking you about your journey so far, and it would be really great if you could share 3 key learnings.

My journey with circular supply chain management started around 6 years ago.

3 Key Learnings: • Circular is a means to an end. The end is sustainable development.

Circular doesn't necessarily lead to sustainable development. Circular is very much focused on the retention of materials. However, material retention may require a lot of energy for transport, disassembly, or turning alloys back into useful components. The amount of energy used determines to a large extent if circular leads to sustainable development.

• One particular circular strategy (reduce or reuse or recycle) will not lead to sustainable development. For circular to lead to sustainable development requires a combination of all strategies: reduce, reuse, and recycle.

• Therefore, in order to accomplish sustainable development, we need to focus more on circular supply 07

chains and less on circular companies. The circular supply chain determines if circular leads to sustainable development.

Can you explain how the concept of circular supply chain emerged and What benefits it brings to large organizations and small businesses?

The concept of circular supply chain emerged from two streams: circular economy and supply chain management.

Circular economy emerged from streams such as biomimicry, blue economy, cradle-tocradle. In supply chain management, the development has been from linear supply chains to reverse supply chains (introducing a reverse flow from customers), closed-loop and openloop supply chains (the reverse flow is used as input) to circular supply chains (focus on reducing, reusing, and maintaining resources in restorative and regenerative cycles).

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As per your opinion, will the concept of a Circular Supply Chain replace the traditional linear supply chain model on a significantly large scale? If yes, then how?

The concept of Circular Supply Chain has already replaced the concept of traditional linear supply chain. Every linear supply chain today is already a circular supply chain.

What are the problems you foresee one might face in managing the supply chain in case of both circular as well as linear supply chains? Can you give some examples?

There are many challenges ahead of us. One is visibility. Do we know where our materials are coming from, where they are going to, how they are used and how they can be reused?

That is because every supply chain starts and ends with the same supplier: the Earth. That is exactly what Circular Supply Chain thinking is all about. We have to care about the Earth because it is our one and only supplier of everything; otherwise, we have no future.

This information on the provenance of materials is a key challenge in managing supply chains, linear and circular. Another is complexity. Current supply chains are dispersed all over the world and extremely complex, with many suppliers, contractors, and subcontractors.

Managing supply chains is only feasible if we accomplish a huge reduction of this complexity: fewer suppliers and local short supply chains.

More from a business perspective: governments from all over the world are changing their regulations into the principle of 'the polluter pays for its pollution.' This is already in place with CO2 tax and Extended Producer Responsibility (the manufacturer remains responsible for the product during the complete lifecycle) and compulsory sustainability reporting in many countries over the world. This will continue to be extended in the upcoming years.

Businesses who don't take action now to reduce their footprint will be confronted with rising costs for pollution in the near future which will reduce their profit and make them run out of business. That is why the current linear supply chain model is out-of-date, and the circular supply chain model has the future.

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If a company currently follows a linear supply chain model and wants to shift to circular, what are the steps you recommend?

The first step is to organize a meeting with representatives of all departments in your company: sales, finance, operations, R&D, engineering, supply chain.

Take the main product you are selling right now to the meeting. Ask the question, "This product is returned from our customer. What can we still do with it? What is its value after endof-life?" and subsequently ask the question, "What are the bottlenecks for all departments - to increase and retain this value?" Organizing these

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meetings with representatives of all departments is the key to success.

Circular and sustainability require all departments to participate in this transition.

How do you think the cutting edge technologies available today or Industry 4.0 impact the implementation of Circular Supply Chain?

Technologies will support the transition to circular supply chains.

Many technologies are available and can be useful. It all starts with knowing what is required in the circular supply chain to turn it into a success. There you first need to have a basic understanding of the value of your product after end-of-life and bottlenecks in retaining this value.

How do you measure the efficiency and effectiveness of a circular supply chain?

As I have mentioned before circular supply chain is a means to an end.

The end is sustainable development.

Sustainable development is also known as the Triple Bottom Line or People, Planet, Profit and is measured by: Profit (revenues minus cost), Planet (environmental impact = materials used, energy used, water used, CO2 emissions, and amount of waste), People (social impact = FTEs employment at fair wage, occupational safety & health).

A circular supply chain is a means to an end. The end is sustainable development.

Sustainable

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development is also known as the Triple Bottom Line or People, Planet, Profit and is measured by: Profit (revenues minus cost), Planet (environmental impact = materials used, energy used, water used, CO2 emissions, and amount of waste), People (social impact = FTEs employment at fair wage, occupational safety & health).

What do you think of the legal implications of adopting a circular supply chain?

A circular supply chain certainly has legal implications.

Moreover, a transition to a circular supply chain implies taking up new and other activities in which a company is bound to existing regulations, which are sometimes developed for a linear world.

What areas in the circular supply chain that you think should be more explored and researched?

Performance improvement in a circular supply chain strives for sustainable development: People, Planet, Profit. By striving for these three performance dimensions, many tensions between these performance dimensions arise. Currently, I am doing a Ph.D. research project to develop a performance measurement system that enables the identification of these tensions and develop solutions that improve the performance on all performance dimensions in parallel: People, Planet and Profit.

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Trends and Innovations in Circular Supply Chain

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- Swarnendu Dey Management Development Institute(MDI), Murshidabad

The Beginning

In

today’s competitive market, companies tend to focus over speed and risk-free supply to meet their customer demands. Hence, they follow traditional supply chains compared to new and innovative ideas. But sustainability has been the talk of the new generation and traditional methods fail to achieve this goal.

Hence, the concept of Circular supply chain has come into existence supporting the idea of reusability rather than new and fresh procurements.

The Idea A circular supply chain is one that is designed to reuse both the apparent waste products and its returns. Its goal is to recollect these materials and recreate them into new items that they can sold again. As times fly by, supply chains are undergoing a structural change to assimilate new ideas. This new idea will help reduce wastage to the bare minimum and help generate more profitable products of the same or greater value.

This process is more economical to linear supply chains and requires the initial investment and integration of processes to create a viable method to achieve the output. One the integration has been done, companies will be able to cut costs on raw 10

material and also stick to eco-friendly concepts. This will also help companies adhere to various standards set across different countries.

‘Reuse-A-Shoe’ – Nike’s Success Story In early 1990, Nike began searching for ways to reduce the waste generated from their products which after rigorous use ended up un dump yards.

Nike’s Reuse-A-Shoe campaign was started. Nike advises customers to recycle their old shoes at local retail chains. Since 1990, 28 million shoes have been collected under this program. In 2008, Nike placed ReuseA-Shoe bins across all its retail chains to collect used shoes. In the recycling facility, these shoes are mixed with factory produced waste generated from new shoes to produce Nike Grind material. In the end, three high-quality materials are obtained: • Nike Grind Rubber • Nike Grind Foam • Nike Grind Fiber Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

The materials obtained are used in various ways like Nike Grind Rubber is used in track surfaces, medium for locking tiles and also in new Nike products. Nike Grind Foam is used as a cushion in outdoor basketball and tennis courts whereas Nike Grind Fiber finds application in synthetic and wood courts. Additionally, to showcase their ideas in circular supply chain, Nike has made changes in raw materials. Most of their products currently use recycled products like Nike Flyknit (based of plastic bottles), Nike Flyleather (based on recycled fibers) and Recycled polyester.

Transforming Agriculture – Accenture Ideation Story Accenture is providing the opportunity of digitization of supply chains and setting up circular supply chains as services via technology. The company takes pride in their circular supply

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chain capability which leverages cutting-edge technologies and a collaboration with Mastercard, Everledger, Amazon Web Services and Mercy Corps to encourage financial inclusion, provide information consumers, and incentivize and promote sustainable practices. Some technologies used are: • Blockchain for controlled and shared access of data • Digital Identity using biometrics and facial recognition • Payments using biometric verification for fast settlement and cash endpoints The ideas implied to achieve the service includes: • Circular Production for better resource planning and utilization • Digital Transformation to rise consumer interest and outreach • Positive Social Impact to change food and retail experience The idea discussed above needs to be connected to consumer goods and services industry, banking industry and retail industry to complete the circular chain.

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The idea works in the following structure: • The farmer is controlling of their data and determining which information is for public display or what information will be linked to a particular product as it moves around the supply chain. An app built has multiple uses like product registrations, check his tip balance, renew certifications and prepare a harvest for shipment.

• When the shipment is ready and registered, a barcode is automatically generated with underlying information regarding the coffee, the farmer and his farm (like its organic certification.) All details from producing to goods movement are maintained in logs to trace the product. From farmers to processors to grocery store shelves and finally, to end consumers, this provides a comprehensive flow of goods and helps provide more clarity and visibility to the product.

• Circular chain helps create a closer connection between the consumers and producers. The idea of incentives is to create a more inclusive economy so that farmers are encouraged towards produce which are healthier by nature and shift to natural cultivation techniques. The idea is wholesome and take the idea of circular supply chain to the next level where consumers and producers are connected and there is also transparency in payments.

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Sustainable Future via three modes Product-as-a-Service Models Signify is switching to product-as-aservice models that allow them to maintain control of their product throughout its lifespan. In DC, Signify agreed to help reduce these expenses by installing 13,000 LED lights–all at no upfront cost to the city. Instead, Signify will be receiving payment around $2 million as the savings cost for the plan. The idea shows a positive scenario for the District of Columbia and the environment by helping the city to reduce electricity usage and extra costs.

Incentivized Recycling Vodafone’s phone trade-in program is a good example. Old phones can be traded with small amounts if they are in working condition. Meanwhile, old phones are taken apart for parts so that they can be recycled based on usage. . This creates a value chain with customers and helps the company to reduce raw materials cost.

Plastic Pallet Pooling Warehouses, manufacturers, and distributors could now rent rather than buy their pallet supply thanks to the pooling model. These businesses

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no longer had to invest a significant sum of money in their own pallet fleet, which they would have to manage, repair, and store.

Future Expectations With world leaders pushing companies towards generating less waste and adopting sustainable methodologies, a time may come

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when linear supply chains will not be feasible anymore. Hence it will be wise for companies to start adopting these changes right now as these processes need to time to optimize and generate values. Thus, to serve the consumers of the current and next generations to come adapting to changes is the only way for companies to create powerful brands.

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Circular Supply Chain – Benefits and Examples -

Supply networks are changing at an

alarming rate, threatening to disrupt operations. Given the present and future market demand, the stable, elongated "take-make-dispose" supply chains that we have lived with for many years, if not decades, are rapidly losing relevance. Due to globalization, we have seen supply chains grow in the last two or three decades, with a tendency to centrally made items in low-wage regions eased by speedier communication and OEMs' proclivity to outsource production and supply chain ability to specialist third parties.

Outsourcing converts fixed expenses into variable costs, removing ability variance in manufacturing and supply chain operations. It is also a way of managing expansion without the agony of setting up operations — it is easier to hand it to someone who already does it.

The Economic Benefits Macroeconomic impacts of shifting to a new economic model With business and government leaders alike, the circular economy is gaining traction. The prospect of gradually decoupling economic growth from natural resource, encouraging innovation, increasing growth, and creating more robust employment has captivated their imagination. The effects of transitioning will be felt across society.

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- M Aswin Christ University, Bangalore

How Will the Linear Supply Chain Be Replaced by the Circular Supply Chain Model?

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The circular supply chain is a business concept that promotes product producers and dealers to repurpose abandoned materials.

The old "take, make, and throw away" paradigm is an economic dead-end costing firms' money as they deal with rising raw material costs and unpredictability.

Companies refurbish discarded parts or meltdown items to return them to their raw material form rather than develop one-time-use products.

Businesses are increasingly deciding to loop their supply chains rather than using a straight "in and out" model to reduce costs and waste.

Why Now? Our economy is trapped in a structure that favors a linear production and consumption model. However, this lock-in is eroding under the weight of many major disruptive developments.

We must seize this good convergence of economic, technological, and social elements. Circularity is infiltrating the linear economy and has progressed beyond proof of concept; the issue now is to mainstream and expand the circular economy.

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Societal Benefits of the Circular Economy In every industry, going green is still a hot topic.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, Americans produced 262.43 million tonnes of rubbish in 2015. This increases around 3.5 million tonnes from 2014 and 54.1 million tonnes since 1990. As the amount of waste produced by consumers increases year after year, it is up to businesses and individual consumers to choose items with low environmental impact.

Circular Supply Chain Success Stories • The strength of the circular supply chain is proved by Nike's "ReuseA-Shoe" campaign and Adidas' partnership with Parley for the Oceans.

Customers are encouraged to recycle their old Nike shoes at local Nike retailers.

• Those old shoes are then recycled into Nike "grind material," which is repurposed into new sneakers for sale. This not only keeps old sneakers out of landfills but also enhances Nike's image and saves them money on materials.

• Adidas' circular supply chain project is even more well-known.

They have promised to produce 11 million pairs of sneakers using recovered plastic from the ocean.

They have already had a lot of success with their recycled shoe line, and they are on course to make $1 billion (about $3 per person in the US) by helping to tackle the ocean pollution problem.

• Renault, a French automotive 15

•

manufacturer, founded outside of Paris, was one of the first companies to use the circular supply chain model before the phrase was created. When it was created in 1949, the company was looking for solutions to recover from the disastrous impacts of WWII. They started selling used vehicle parts at a 30% to 50% discount, with the same warranties and guarantees as new parts.

Their sole purpose was to maximize earnings and build a company that could thrive in a low-raw-materials environment.

Today, that same plant outside of Paris earns almost $270 million in annual sales! It now builds its primary car components to disassemble for even more profit easily.

Examples of Circular Supply Chain Models • Product-as-a-Service Models Part of the challenge of creating a circular supply chain is that reclaiming products for reuse or recycling requires the consumer's cooperation.

As a result, some companies, such as Signify (previously Philips Lighting), are transitioning to product-as-aservice models, allowing them to keep control of their product throughout its entire life cycle. Washington, DC, like any other large metropolis, has significant energy costs. Signify agreed to aid the city in lowering these costs by installing 13,000 LED lights at no cost to the city. Instead, signify will be paid out of the $2 million the city expects to save each year.

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Allowing the city to minimize electricity use and expenditures delivers a solution where everyone benefits the District of Columbia and the environment. Of course, the strategy allows Signify to profit from the cost savings.

• Incentivized Recycling Businesses should use the productas-a-service model to ensure that their items do not end up in landfills.

Another strategy is to reward customers for returning or recycling their products. A notable example is Vodafone's phone trade-in program.

Any old device can be exchanged for a trade-in value that can be used to buy a new one. Meanwhile, outdated phones returned to the company can be harvested for parts and recycled, minimizing waste.

H&M, a multinational clothing company, is using a similar approach.

The company has stated that it seeks to operate in a "circular" manner, and one of the method it is implementing is by sustainably collecting worn H&M apparel for recycling into new clothes – H&M locations now have collection bins where customers can drop off used items. H&M states more than half of the material it uses in its garments is recycled or sustainably produced, to reach 100% by 2030.

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The Barriers Adopting circular business models is prohibitively expensive, at least soon, because most supply networks have been perfected for these purposes. To recycle and remanufacture products or components, collection systems would need to span huge distances to return from the point of use to the point of manufacture. Furthermore, due to part specialization, amassing sufficient parts to make recycling worthwhile is quite challenging Longer-term, technical advancements are underway to ease some progress toward more circularity.

Conclusion At least for the time being, the basic line is that widespread adoption of cyclical supply chains will need businesses giving up some of the efficiencies of their huge manufacturing units and reducing part specialization (and thus feature performance).

Consumers would receive slightly less sophisticated items, and history suggests that most consumers are unwilling to sacrifice performance for environmental sustainability at this time. Businesses follow consumer preferences. As a result, circular supply chains are likely to stay uncommon, at least in the short term, outside of naturally local and easy to begin with.

Circular Supply Chain – Benefits and Examples

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

How the Circular Supply Chain Model Will Replace the Linear Supply Chain -

- Aditya Sethia K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

Currently, the world's population is 8 billion. According to the UN, the world's population will reach 9.2 billion people by 2050. That's many people utilizing resources and creating significant amounts of garbage daily. Not only is that number increasing, but so are living standards.

Total consumption and demand for resource-intensive items rise as the middle-class population grows, placing our planet under constant strain.

Another important fact is that two of our most valuable resources, water, and air, are deteriorating. According to the World Health Organization, 785 million people will lack safe drinking water in 2021, and half of the global population will live in water-stressed areas by 2025. Our air is likewise under grave danger. Air pollution kills 7 million or more people every year due to the tremendous growth in energy usage and annual increases in industrial productivity.

Since people began producing and distributing goods to one another, the supply chain structure has remained chiefly unaltered. Raw materials flow in, are transformed into a product, and are subsequently dispersed and utilized until they are eventually discarded.

Although this linear network has kept economies running, 17

a new, more lucrative supply chain model is gaining traction: The Circular Supply Chain.

Difference Between Linear and Circular Supply Chains A linear supply chain is a straight path starting from raw materials through manufacturing and then disposal. This is not a very cost-effective option. In any case, the products are eventually rejected by the consumer at any point in time. As a result, when a new product is released, the old one is thrown away in a landfill. In addition, any leftover raw materials from the manufacturing process are disposed of in the same manner.

On the other hand, in a circular supply chain, The raw materials are utilized and are recycled back into the production process. They are upcycled for use in the creation of a new product. In general, the goal of a circular supply chain is to eliminate waste and lower carbon emissions.

The circular economy helps enterprises, the economy, and the natural environment and individuals.

Many new markets and business models will appear with innovative ideas and a redesign of business processes. Moving to a circular economy will help companies and brands improve their reputation and increase client loyalty.

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Driving Force of the Circular Supply Chain The federal government pushes manufacturers and supply chain entities to move toward a circular supply chain. The government sets limits on what items may be thrown out, what products must be recovered, how much raw materials a company can use, and what processes are necessary for supply chain companies that have moved away from the standard product sale relationship. On the other hand, consumers are the primary driving factor behind the circular supply chain. Some of the reasons why circular supply chains will eventually supersede linear supply chains in the following decades are as follows: Save Money and Grow Business Value At first look, the circular supply chain appears to be only a mechanism for businesses to lessen their environmental effect, but it is much •

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more than that. Companies can get the most value from the raw resources they buy by recycling components and materials. Instead of discarding items at the end of their useful lives, they can be repurposed for profit at a cheaper cost than creating a new one.

Throwing away products wastes the money that has already been invested in the product. Refurbishing or recycling resources into new things are just less expensive. Companies can save money by decreasing the overall cost of creating their products by linking the end of the linear supply chain to the beginning.

• Societal Benefits In almost every business, going green is still a hot subject. As the amount of garbage produced by consumers increases year after year, it is up to businesses and individual customers to pick items with low environmental impact. Consumers are becoming more aware of their purchasing selections.

How the Circular Supply Chain Model Will Replace the Linear Supply Chain

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

According to a Nielsen survey, 66 percent of worldwide customers are prepared to pay more for environmentally friendly companies.

Companies that wish to stay relevant and expand their market share must appeal to a public becoming increasingly aware of their influence on the environment.

• Protects Against Price Volatility Many organizations are constantly battling raw material prices to manage their budgets and keep total costs of items under a certain level. Many types of virgin resources are continually fluctuating in price, particularly metals, which have seen greater volatility in the last decade than any other decade. Companies can more accurately gauge their expenditures and keep expenses under control by estimating the quantity of reused and recycled materials employed to create new items.

Helps Companies Meet Regulation Standards Many government norms, such as rules and regulations governing recycling and trash disposal, pressurize firms to implement the circular supply chain method. Others are rewarding businesses who make active attempts to "become green," regardless of whether the eventual aim is to decrease environmental impact or merely increase profits.

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Conclusion If you've ever heard the quote, "One man's trash is another man's treasure," you could have understood the whole concept of the circular supply chain that has been explained above. Earth's resources are finite, and its ability to absorb waste we generate is diminishing. Technological advances and fresh circular business models are essential for creating a circular economy, yet they are inadequate. To speed this transformation, we must also be responsible and engaged customers. As customers, we must demand circularly designed and environmentally sustainable products.

We must also develop an efficient supply chain network and infrastructure to enable successful and efficient reverse logistics.

Governments are increasingly searching for more environmental friendly methods of collecting and disposing of things. They are developing regulations and executing this cyclic flow while also building more efficient supply networks. Many businesses have adopted this technique and reported significant reductions in output costs and increased customer satisfaction. In today's age, allowing materials to keep as much value as possible is critical to any successful firm, and employing methods like the Circular economy enables the company to develop while creating far less waste than traditional operations.

How the Circular Supply Chain Model Will Replace the Linear Supply Chain

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Reverse Logistics Strategies for E-commerce

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- Srijan Awasthi and Huda Khalid Department of Chemical Engineering, Galgotias University

Customer expectations have shifted,

What are the grounds for e-commerce returns?

It is reasonable to assume that reverse logistics and refunds have become a crucial component of conducting business online in today's world. However, when online buyers' habits change to include returns in their buying journeys, the cost of reverse logistics dramatically rises. To keep expenses down, e-commerce stores might look at measures to limit the number of returns that could have been avoided.

What is reverse logistics?

The process of returning items from customers to the producer or seller is known as reverse logistics. The entire returns management process is becoming increasingly crucial, especially in online purchasing.

Returning items to the supply chain and transporting them back to the appropriate warehouse, fulfilment center, or manufacturing plant are all part of this process. The items are then either recovered, processed, and made functioning again after a quality inspection on-site.

If the malfunctioning product is beyond repair, it is appropriately disposed of.

Types of Rs in Reverse logistics• Returns • Recalls • Repairs • Repackaging • Recycling

Importance of Reverse Logistics in eCommerce • Customer retention It is critical in ensuring that we keep our customers coming back. One approach to achieve this is to have a simple return procedure. When we make it easier for customers to return things, they are more inclined to select our brand over rivals.

and a customer-friendly return policy has resulted in more return requests than ever before. Returns are a nuisance for everyone, including merchants and manufacturers. We've probably purchased something from Amazon and returned it. The expense of doing business in e-commerce is permitting rapid and easy returns. The customer-facing side of the ecommerce sector is e-commerce reverse logistics.

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• Investment return The reverse logistics process takes a significant amount of effort. You can, however, make a significant profit on your investment.

According to statistics, 40% of purchasers made a second purchase on the website while processing their return. Our earnings will be enormous if we make our returns smooth and comfortable for our consumers.

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• Strategic benefit The e-commerce industry is highly complicated. Customers can be attracted in one of two ways: through the interface or through the fulfilment procedure. If any of these two are discovered to be absent on an ecommerce website, the buyer may lose trust in making a purchase from the shop.

Helps identify problematic items (high-risk products) Analyzing consumer input while processing returns can assist the store in identifying products that aren't selling well and are causing big returns.

Strategies for Improving Reverse Logistics Process Reverse logistics is a critical issue for a lot of businesses. That said, conventional supply chains are designed to get commodities out .to the customer and not back to the supplier. Digital purchasing has been reduced to a single-click process. The user is at the heart of e-commerce, with most businesses depending on an order-management system to do the heavy work. The supply chain's last frontier is to make returns as simple as purchase. While product returns are an unavoidable aspect of conducting business, they do not have to hurt a company's bottom line.

Aids in the identification of problematic (high-risk) buyers This may be accomplished by segmenting your customers and listening to their input.

By personalizing the comments offered, you may define the character of highrisk consumers.

When a corporation takes too long to offer a refund after a return, it risks severing ties with both the client and the supplier. Returns may be damaging to a company's reputation, but if managed correctly, they can help to improve the company's image and inspire customer loyalty.

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Reverse Logistics strategies for E-commerce

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The way a company handles customers during the return process might be a differentiator. Several strategies to improve the reverse logistics process of E-Commerce:

Understanding why returns occur in the first place is essential Given the high cost of returns, merchants must make an attempt to identify the fundamental problem.

That way, they'll be able to see if the present return policy is contributing to a high number of costly returns.

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Put in establish transparent monitoring systems Throughout the sales process, many firms maintain a tight check on their products. Customers, on the other hand, are not always aware of how the product is handled on its journey back to them or to a manufacturer.

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By having visibility into the reverse supply chain, businesses may find areas for improvement and affect overall product quality. Multi-channel

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inventory management benefits from this type of tracking.

• Implement explicit return policies In the e-commerce world, customers have particular expectations when it comes to purchasing and, in this case, returning things. Shopping has never been easier with to one-click transactions and next-day deliveries.

As a result, buyers anticipate the same level of ease when returning items.

• Invest in the proper technology There are additional pieces of technology you can integrate into your supply chain to make the returns policy even easier, in addition to a robust inventory management system.

The employment of a transportation management system (TMS) with a warehouse management system can improve the efficiency of a reverse logistics operation (WMS). These tools work together to keep us informed about where a product is at all times while preserving accurate documentation.

Reverse Logistics strategies for E-commerce

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Replace the original packing with return labels This is a simple adjustment to make. It may drastically cut down on delays while also enhancing customer satisfaction. In the majority of circumstances, the retailer can include pay-per-use postage in an invoice. It can then be printed on a sticker that the consumer can peel off and apply on the merchandise for a quick return.

Not only does this benefit the buyer, but it also expedites the return of the product to the seller, increasing the overall efficiency of the process.

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Preventing problems while developing a good reverse logistics strategy To minimize product and money loss, solutions to anticipated difficulties must be established before the process begins. Every industry and firm will have its own standard for handling returns, and having a strategy in place before the items are returned to the site will boost efficiency. The following are some possible return plans: • Re-packing, Refreshing, refurbishing

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• •

Market your products to exporters Returning to the provider or to stock

Framework for Reverse Logistics in ECommerce Assessing and analyzing your eCommerce reverse logistics requires an understanding of the important components for excellent eCommerce reverse logistics. The most significant components are the Returns Policy, Returns Preparation, Receiving, Ship an Exchange or Issue a Credit, Inspection and Sorting, and Asset Recovery, which might include Restocking, Repackaging for Sale, Return to Vendor, Disposition, and Scrap.

During the process, we must please two groups: consumers and your corporation. Most of the return operations we've seen are laserfocused on the consumer, but they don't always pay enough attention to the company's needs. There are frequently significant chances to increase profitability by paying closer attention to our company's demands.

Reverse Logistics strategies for E-commerce

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Innovations in Logistics – A Push for Circular Supply Chain Model -

The

global population is rapidly expanding, considerably exceeding available resources in the linear economy's typical "take-make-waste" strategy. As the world changes dramatically, with increasing resource scarcity and severe climate change, and the consequences for the earth and its people, the need to expedite the transition from a linear to a circular economy has never been higher. This is why there is a transition to a circular economy. The circular economy concept is gaining traction in the sustainability debate. Waste and resource use are minimized in this regenerative business model; when a product approaches the end of its life, it is reused to create additional value.

A circular economy can provide significant economic benefits while also encouraging innovation, growth, and job creation. Corporate and public stakeholders are coming together to shift away from a linear supply chain and toward a closed-loop supply model. Stakeholders all around the globe are attempting to figure out how to transform present economic and social activity into "loops," and circularity is becoming an increasingly important component of sustainability strategy across industries. Circularity refers to the distribution of physical goods and is dependent on the precise coordination of the physical supply loop in many ways. Many of 24

- Nimesh Sakpal Narayana Business School

the most eye-catching circular solutions in the circular supply chain are found in the logistics business, and the sector's involvement in the transformation is significant. Logistics solutions are a crucial facilitator when it comes to optimizing production rates and supplies, improving product life cycles, launching unique usage models, and providing creative solutions for end-of-life recycling. It will help the companies to lower both their operating cost and carbon footprints.

Particularly creative business strategies which include Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) approach, such as reselling, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling, will demand the construction and administration of fresh omnidirectional flows. As a result, as goods and raw materials near the end of their useful life, logistics will become increasingly critical. The transparency afforded by digital technology will be crucial in dealing with the increasing complexity of product flow while guaranteeing customercomfort of use. Traditionally, logistical value creation networks were defined by a continuous flow of materials that ended in item disposal, resulting in enormous material and resource losses. This strategy leads to huge material and value losses throughout a whole economic system.

Logistics In the circular supply chain must differ from logistics in the waste management and recycling industries.

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Modern logistics must do more than traditional take-back and dumping logistics in the circular supply chain. IT services will assist the integration of all aspects throughout the value chain as well as the development of new business models.

Trends for Innovative Logistics Atomization in delivery: With the continued growth of e-commerce, logistic units are becoming increasingly atomized, resulting in considerable transportation interdependencies between manufacturers, merchants, and endusers. As a result, there are opportunities in the existing collection of small and micro quantities of valuable materials in the context of take-back systems vs. traditional redistribution logistics.

Data Sovereignty in Information Logistics: Information Logistics is a centralized, integrated knowledge base system that contributes significantly to the development of business processes. It's a useful tool for data collecting and integration, as well as a possible solution to the problem of data disruption between distributed systems.

The IDS “industrial data space” concepts can also be used to postconsumer value chains in the Circular Economy, where they aid in the provision of information about product material components even after the products have reached their end of life. This can make a significant contribution to the close of the material cycles.

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Manufacturing Technology: New manufacturing technology and procedures allow for greater usage of recycled material. Only innovative logistics solutions will allow for the application of novel industrial production processes. In additive manufacturing techniques, efforts are already being made to utilize secondary raw materials or re-use production waste for new metal and plastics-based goods.

4th Industrial Revolution: The fourth Industrial Revolution is introducing an autonomous system that advanced in artificial intelligence (AI), Robotics, and the internet of things (IoT). It will accelerate automation and datadriven decision-making in the manufacturing industry.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) will enable self-organizing processes in unexpected ways. CPS are intelligent systems composed of components, mechanical or electronics, and sensors. The revolution will usher in self-organizing supply chain networks that support efficient industrial processes at maximum production and transportation capability.

Global Social Networking Industries: The concept of a socio-technical system in which humans and machines collaborate as a team inside. Industrial ecosystems is presented as a new dimension of Industry 4.0. In the future, the Social Networked Industry’s approaches could be able to help the invention of appropriate interfaces to assist the man-machine interaction.

Innovations in Logistics – A Push for Circular Supply Chain Model

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

In line with the future factory, this means that people and machines will be able to connect with one another through (digital) social networks, resulting in more efficient operations and putting people closer to the center of production. Workers in the recycling industry face a significant physical load on a daily basis, which might be alleviated with the use of a socio-technical system.

Logistics Transformation The shift from a traditional, linear supply chain to a closed, circular supply loop must be structured in a way that benefits all stakeholders and society as a whole. At the same time, when system-changing ideas are evaluated and new policy frameworks and commercial models are built, circularity necessitates tight coordination among stakeholders. At many levels of the value chain, the trends and innovations detailed in Logistics can contribute to the longterm goal of the Circular Economy.

They can improve logistics in linear value chains that place a low focus on cycling resources, as indicated in the diagram.

They can close information gaps between manufacturing, use phase, 26

and downstream waste management processes, as well as between manufacturers, recycling industries, and third-party systems that are currently not fully aligned to each other, in such value chains.

Closing the loop Current logistical trends and innovations in all areas of product manufacturing and distribution can assist in the transition to a Circular Economy. In turn, the Circular Economy's promise will only be fulfilled if innovative logistical solutions are implemented.

Businesses should assess their present returns operations and develop a reverse logistics plan that works for them. Companies that want to increase their profits must think about reverse logistics just as much as they do forward operations. This involves investigating the product design stage to ensure that items and materials may be reused, remanufactured, recycled, or mended.

The ability to own the process is critical to an efficient reverse logistics operation. A Circular Economy is characterized by dynamic but largely continuous mass flows and material streams. This creates a slew of logistical chores and obstacles, which can be addressed using widely viable logistical and technology solutions.

The logistics industry holds essential solutions and answers in the collaborative effort toward supply chain innovation and is pushing the boundaries to propose novel ways for a sustainable economy.

Innovations in Logistics – A Push for Circular Supply Chain Model

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Circular Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry Minds of Momentum -

- Antarip Biswas and Parshwa Shah K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

Recent times have been fascinating and challenging for the Global Automotive Industry. With rapid changes in technology and consumer preferences, manufacturers are on their toes to redesign their products.

The added difficulties faced in the complex supply chain network adds costs and bring in delays. Further, there is a common consensus of reducing emissions and carbon footprint from the industry.

The circular economy paradigm emphasizes the reduction of nonrenewable resources and energy, the promotion of renewable feedstocks and energy, and the reuse of products and materials throughout a system's life cycle. As a result, circular economy initiatives could lower life cycle environmental burdens associated with vehicle manufacturing, usage, and disposal; however, there is no comprehensive circular economy framework for the automotive industry.

Light-duty cars account for 15 percent of global energy demand and dominate the current share of automotive fleets and transportation energy demand consumption.

Automobile manufacturing is highly resource-intensive; for example, automotive steel and Aluminium, two significant contributors to a vehicle’s 27

mass, account for 12 percent and 27 percent of global use, respectively.

The circular economy paradigm tries to shut the loop on material and energy flows throughout a system's life cycle, extending its useful life. The product's life cycle is increasingly being promoted to improve sustainability.

Figure-1 – Current circular economy framework for automobiles.

Cars have an average material mass of 1.4 tons. After a vehicle's life cycle, only a tiny amount of this material, mostly metal, was salvaged and repurposed. The circular economy shifts away from the present linear "take-make-dispose" approach and toward the "reduce-reuse-recycle.“ It is an economic system that focuses on lowering carbon emissions, waste, and resource extraction. The expected annual material savings alone from having an industrial system "restorative by intention and design" is more than $1 trillion.

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We've started to see circular systems in the automotive industry, with improved reuse, sharing, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling procedures incorporating complete value chains. The sector can gain economic value while lowering its environmental impact by investing more in design and enhancing end-oflife management. Raw material management, sustainable materials, waste-as-a-resource, and product life extension are examples of developing markets with increasing demand and significant R&D investment. We now deep dive into these elements and explain them through examples.

Materials Manufacturing and Sustainability Mining or extraction, refining, transporting, and processing substances into materials of the desired quality required for later product and part manufacturing are all part of materials manufacturing.

Almost three-quarters of the steel used in an automobile is virgin steel, with the rest being recycled steel. The conventional processing of pure steel in the blast and basic oxygen furnaces, which uses coke, limits its sustainability; non-fossil energy contributes just 8% to the production of virgin steel on average. On the other hand, recycled steel is processed in an electric arc furnace and produces 54 percent fewer emissions per unit mass than pure steel. As a result, using renewable electricity in the steel-making process can assure long-term material sustainability. Aluminium’s growing 29

importance in automotive manufacture, frequently as a substitute for iron or steel, is significant. Aluminum substitutions can theoretically reduce vehicle weight by 11–25%. Because of the benefits of Aluminium in the usage phase, OEMs should employ it in greater quantities in their products.

Cast and wrought Aluminium are the most frequent types of Aluminium used in vehicles. Cast Aluminium in automobiles has a higher recycled percentage than wrought metal.

Plastics are also a significant material used in production.

Today manufacturers are focusing on recycled plastics instead to reduce plastics pollution. BMW is attempting to establish a market for salvaged sea plastic by incorporating it into its vehicles, such as the upcoming BMW i3. More than 80% of the surfaces visible to passengers on the i3s are constructed from recycled or renewable materials. The interior upholstery of several of Jaguar Land Rover's new vehicles, including the Range Rover Velar, Range Rover Evoque, and Jaguar I-PACE, now includes sustainable materials.

The battery value chain has been put under much stress due to the rise of the electric car market, governmental interventions, supply bottlenecks, and customer expectations. Presently, there is no commercial alternative to the lithium-ion battery and the NickelManganese-Cobalt (NMC) electrode material as a power source for electric vehicles.

Circular Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Circulor, a UK-based start-up, has created a unique digital platform to track such raw materials along giant corporations' supply chains, creating a digital ledger for both miners and consumer-facing businesses that use battery materials. OEMs are actively using the solution to guarantee that they are achieving their commitments to more ethical sourcing practices, and we anticipate that such solutions will become more broadly utilized.

Product Design An efficient Platform design can reduce the need for parts and processes. This has led to many manufacturers investing in Common Platforms for their vehicle models.

Ford, VW, and Skoda have a common shared platform between their models. Dematerialization, where the same level of product functionality or service is provided with fewer materials; reduced material intensity, where parts are down gauged while maintaining vehicle durability; increased material efficiency, where a greater share of feedstocks is converted into finished products and material selection, where alternative materials are used to achieve these outcomes.

Reverse Logistics and End-of-Life Circularity Resource-recovery methods are required to close the loop and achieve more circular vehicles. Economic markets for valuable materials and vehicle design—aspects including component longevity and reliability, 30

simplicity of disassembly and reassembly, ease of cleaning, inspection, and maintenance—are critical to the success of various recovery efforts.

The first technique comprises reusing vehicle parts with resale value directly; if they cannot be reused, they must be remanufactured, reprocessed, or upgraded before being returned as useable components. Most of the remanufacturing occurs during the usage phase, when damaged parts from on-road cars are repaired. Using recycled and recyclable materials and innovative and effective recycling technologies, the goal is to maintain raw materials in the production loop as much as feasible. Part of this entails the creation of a disassembly and recovery design philosophy.

Figure-2 – Circular Economy at Ford Motor Company.

Given that cars purchased today will be in use for 10 to 20 years, design is the first place to start to ensure that in 20 years, we will be able to recover practically all, a car's components and reuse them following circular economy principles.

Circular Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Predictive maintenance uses artificial intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT) to allow manufacturers to compare real-time data from connected equipment sensors to previous performance data. This realtime data can assist automotive OEMs and fleet managers in precisely measuring the state of their vehicles and predicting the need for replacement parts in linked automobiles.

Car Fit and Pitstop are two notable firms that use machine learning to analyze data from automobiles. As a result of the sensor technology and algorithms used, cars can do predictive maintenance to detect degradation patterns and problems before they become an issue, making them both greener and safer.

With its Choisy-le-Roy factory, Renault remanufactures or reconditions

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existing automotive parts, reintroducing them to the market with a 30–50 percent price reduction and the same warranty and quality control test as new parts.

Additional techniques to decrease and eliminate solid waste that now goes to landfills could be considered by automobile OEMs. Plastics and foams can be managed at the end of their lives using techniques such as mechanical separation, energy/heat recovery (using thermochemical processes like pyrolysis or gasification) and reprocessing the fines fraction for use as a filler in asphalt, concrete, or other composites. However, because market economics are unfavorable, financial incentives and lucrative business propositions must be built first.

Creating economies of scale in endof-life management could help to ensure long-term viability.

Circular Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Waste Management using CSCM Minds of Momentum -

- Radhika Saraf & Shivam Raghuwanshi K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

Over

the decades Supply Chain Management (SCM) was limited to the traditional linear approach which involved an integrated process that involved paving the source of raw material, manufacturing, assembling, and delivering the final product to customers. However, current trends put more focus on sustainability which has led to organizations adopting an SCM which has a viable future in terms of both economy and environment.

Circular economy emphasizes remanufacturing, recycling, and reusing materials. It also deals with reverse SCM where the used materials enter the cycle of end-of-life management.

The incorporation of the circular economy into supply chain management is known as Circular Supply Chain Management. Circular Business Models concentrate on innovative business practices which lead to value creation and enhancement of delivery systems that ensure a zero wastage strategy. Rather than creating complexities, Circular Supply Chain Management reduces the leakage and waste emission in the network.

Approaches of Circular Supply Chain for waste management The closed-loop of a circular supply chain involves the reverse flow of 32

used materials from the customers back to the manufacturers for value creation in the form of reassembly, recycling, and waste management.

Reusing and recycling materials are the two main perspectives adopted by companies. This ensures minimal waste generation throughout the Supply Chain.

Example: It is known that plastics when integrated into road construction can make the roads last longer. Close the loop is an Australian company that combines soft plastic and printer cartridges with asphalt and recycled glass to make road surfaces of a higher quality which can last about 65% longer than traditional asphalt. The slowing loop of the circular supply chain works on extending the useful life of the product which reduces the overall materials outflow, which in turn reduces the material consumption.

Example: Mori, initially known as Cambridge Crops uses invisible, natural, and edible coating which can extend the shelf life of the food up to twice its original. This reduces wastage and the food can also be transferred to a longer distance. The narrowing loop of the circular supply chain focuses on reducing the resources used per product during the manufacturing process.

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Example- DyeCoo is a Dutch company that uses highly pressured carbon dioxide and dye to color fabrics, rather than a lot of water and chemicals that are traditionally used in the textile industry. The carbon dioxide which is between liquid and gas dissolves dye and after taking it to the deepest parts of the fabrics evaporates, which in turn gives the fabrics vibrant colors as they absorb about 98% of the dye. By this, the company helps in saving a lot of water and prevents the creation of huge amounts of toxic waste.

The intensifying loop method goes beyond the slowing phase by transforming products into services. The approach involves new procurement methods that promote sharing of assets.

Example- Uber, Ola, and Rapido have majorly reduced the need of owning a vehicle. These companies have created a major ripple effect in the economy as well as have reduced the need to produce a large number of vehicles. This in turn, also reduces the wastage caused when the vehicles turn into scrap.

The dematerializing loop method creates a structure that is driven by renewable energy sources without devaluing the material subject. For example, when a product is required for a short period of time, renting the product is better than purchasing it.

This adds value both economically and environmentally.

Example- Netflix is one of the most widely used platforms to stream 33

movies and TV shows. It initially used to provide movie rentals over the internet, then DVD rentals and sales, and then it allowed subscriptionbased renting of DVDs at a monthly price in 1999.

Figure: Circular business models are business models that are closing, narrowing, slowing, intensifying and dematerializing loops that minimize the resource inputs needed and the waste leakage out of the organizational system.

Global Circular Economy Trends If we look at Graph 1 the primary motivators for investing in the circular supply chain (CSC) according to responses received in 2019 by Statista in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa is their belief that it is the right thing to do, for regions like Asia and Australia and rest of the world too ethics play an important role in the adoption of CSC. However, most Northern and South American region responders state that they do not

Waste Management using CSCM

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Graph 1

have any plans to invest.

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Another great motivator for the adoption of CSC is the financial payback a company can receive as it reduces wastage and can also result in decreasing the overall cost of manufacturing for the firms.

Scope of Circular Supply Chain in India. Along with the lack of willingness of firms in adopting green initiatives which would cost them in terms of labor and resources, there is also a lack of legislative norms due to which there is a lack of compulsion for the firms.

According to data collected from supply chain firms worldwide during 2019 many firms had a positive view towards adopting Circular economy practices. Most of the firms either had adopted or were willing to adopt circular economy practices within two years or beyond two years. However, ‘Creating separate business units for circular economy activities to drive growth‘ was not considered as very acceptable by the firms, the reason for this could be the capital expenditure that would be involved.

It is important that the government educates companies about green initiatives to increase the acceptance of circular supply chain management and divert their attention from shortterm costs to long-term benefits.

Government can also push companies to initiate robust strategic models to not only track resource flow, but also do waste management and track carbon footprint. Government can also decrease FDI to make green initiatives attractive to stakeholders and suppliers.

Waste Management using CSCM

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Graph 2

Banks too can promote the adoption of SCM by redirecting loans towards organizations with social initiatives of resource management.

Waste procurement and material handling programs by the government can also be encouraging for the organizations as well as for the individuals to reduce waste.

The consumer’s mindset is also an important variable that can highly affect waste management by the adoption of recycling and reuse of materials. This can be done through consumer awareness programs. This can reduce the effects of problems like global warming, and scarcity, and can reduce wastage. Organizations planning operations, in the long run, can also ensure the saving of resources for future generations by adopting the CSCM model.

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Conclusion Waste management is a responsibility of organizations that can cost a little in the short term but can reap benefits for the organization in the long term, not just in terms of profits and lowering of costs but also in terms of goodwill in the eyes of its stakeholders. An efficient waste management system through Circular Supply Chain Management can ensure lowering of wastage of material and can also increase the efficiency of production by lowering the material required to produce a good.

Ultimately, this can benefit the firm and also ensure that sufficient resources are available for the future generations to come along with reduction of environmental degradation.

Waste Management using CSCM

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Startups in Circular Supply Chain

Circular

Recykal was founded in 2016 in Hyderabad, India, by five entrepreneurs, namely Abhay Deshpande, Abhishek Deshpande, Anirudha Jalan, Ekta Narain, and Vikram Prabakar. It has raised a total of $26M in funding over two rounds and is backed by marquee names such as Vellayan Subbiah, Circulate Capital, and Morgan Stanley India.

Startups help businesses provide endto-end solutions to make data-driven decisions to transform existing supply networks and instill ethical responsibility. Several startups have been at the forefront of this revolution, as mentioned below:

Recykal started with a consumerfacing app for recycling domestic waste called Uzed. Later, it realized that it wasn't cost-effective and a sustainable business model. Hence, implementing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) to electronic waste and plastic waste, it decided to focus on businesses to provide traceable waste management solutions around 2019.

supply chains are increasingly replacing the traditional linear supply chain models due to various reasons such as consumer awareness, regulatory push, and sustainability pro-active measures by business organizations themselves.

Redesigning an existing supply chain to meet environmental standards and foster a circular economy requires decision-making.

Consequently, companies have to plan and establish viable, scalable, sustainable production practices without disrupting the operations.

Recykal Recykal is an end-to-end digital solutions provider facilitating transactions for all stakeholders across India's waste management and recycling value chain. Its unique, integrated approach connects waste generators, processors, recyclers, and brand owners to solve some of the industry's biggest challenges, including demand-supply mismatch and lack of transparency and traceability.

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The company works with a few of the world's largest consumer brands to assist them in implementing sustainable solutions in India and has also launched India's first B2B marketplace for waste that connects participants across the waste value chain. It also has plans to build a hyper-local waste processing infrastructure.

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Halotrade Manufacturers need to be environmentally responsible, and switching from a linear supply chain to a circular supply chain is an integral part of sustainable production. The startups offer trading platforms with multiple capabilities to aid circularity as these online platforms integrate stakeholders at different levels of the value chain to streamline trading.

Britain-based startup Halotrade offers end-to-end solutions for sustainable and transparent supply chains. It can track shipments from production to destination and provide lucrative financing to suppliers and other stakeholders in return for ethical business practices. It provides a platform with governance tools for corporates and investors.

The startup's trading platform automates trade, finance, and certification to integrate data from multiple tiers, certification bodies, and auditors and map it onto suppliers and their products. With this comprehensive traceability, the startup's governance tools help corporates automate structures to improve the sustainability and resilience of their supply chains.

Shona Tatchell, former head of Trade Finance Innovation department of Barclays Bank, conceived the idea of 37

Halotrade in 2015, and it has been backed by prominent names such as Barclays Accelerator and Techstars.

Bext360 It is challenging to track the exact status of raw materials and products in a supply chain using conventional tracking systems as circular supply chain networks involve multiple vendors, suppliers, and manufacturers at different tiers. Internet of Things (IoT) enables startups to track packages in real-time. The supply chain solution provides end-to-end transparency when backed by an antitamper security system like blockchain.

US-based startup Bext360 provides comprehensive accountability for complex supply chains. The SaaS platform offers maximum blockchain traceability and quantifiable measurements for sustainability and promote transparency. It helps consumers track goods and agricultural commodities from farm to table.

The Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platform provided by the startup allows users to grade, weigh, and instantly pay the farmers and input the data into traceability software. The startup offers business intelligence and sustainability metrics by providing transparency in the supply chain with its tamper-proof system.

Startups in Circular Supply Chain

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Bext360 was co-founded by two individuals, Daniel Jones and Dean Kingston, in 2016. It has raised a total of $3.6M in funding over four rounds with contributions from Fashion for good and Techstars focused on sustainability.

Bizlog A significant portion of materials that can be recycled and reused are discarded regularly. An efficient circular value chain optimizes the utility of recyclable products. Startups now offer reverse logistics services to promote and practice circularity in supply chain networks. For instance, a digital platform connecting consumers and the recycling or refurbishing industries facilitates material movement, ensuring circularity.

India-based startup Bizlog offers reverse logistics to ensure circular supply chain management for rental companies, manufacturers, and refurbishers, among others. The reverse logistics offered by Bizlog serves B2B, B2C, and C2C & C2B with a single operational engine, modular technological platform, along with technically trained workforce for each vertical. The startup's value chain solutions to facilitate circularity include re-commerce, e-waste, product returns, amongst many others. Its logistics services transport the products from last-mile delivery to 38

the concerned parties for recycling, refurbishing, or remanufacturing.

Aethon Engineering Automation and robotics improve the operational efficiency of the entire value chain. Warehouse and logistics automation uses robotics and Machine Learning to reduce downtime.

IoT offers digital traceability of the supply chain. For example, automation provides real-time data evidence that helps in wastage reduction and predictive monitoring to forecast trends in the value chain.

Aethon Engineering, a Greece-based startup, comprises engineers, programmers, analysts, and consultants who design, plan, and generate innovative and sustainable solutions to promote circular supply chain and reverse logistics. The startup aims to optimize the supply chain for enhanced efficiency and sustainable workflow. That startup's end-to-end solutions provide automation and digitalization to drive the supply network into a circular economy. It automates warehouses and transportation systems across a supply chain. With prediction models, it leverages AI and Machine Learning the real-time data collected from IoT for data-driven decision-making to reduce waste and improve overall efficiency.

Startups in Cicular Supply Chain

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

What’s New in FORSE Engagement Vertical Social media has become an integral aspect of practically everyone's everyday life, especially in this unprecedented era. Social media engagement is the newest type of venture for the FORSE team. FORSE has always been focused on providing relevant, informative and exciting content to various stakeholders associated with multiple online and offline platforms.

With the establishment of a dedicated vertical for Engagement, FORSE aims to enhance, refine and redefine the content even further to ensure the best quality. The vertical aims to increase the engagement of various social fronts of the committee like Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn and Facebook and even on Spotify in the form of podcasts, potentially. The prime focus is on providing planned

strategies to the committee to increase the reach and quality of engagement.

The target audience is aimed at but not limited to students, working professionals, faculty, industry experts and aspiring operations management personnel from all over the world. The vertical also aims at creating an active environment where students are exposed to developing real-world and hands-on experience with various promotional tools like SEO, Social Media Analytics.. The vertical would provide tailor-made and carefully curated strategies for other verticals in FORSE to align with the overall aim of the committee as a whole.With aspiring set of students, the engagement vertical is all set to work on strategies to create meaningful interactions with a varied group of audiences on social media and digital platforms.

FORSEdu New Series FORSEdu is continuing the journey of explaining and helping people understand various concepts and the latest events regarding the world supply chain and operations through videos. Standing tall with over 1.3k subscribers, a great response from the viewers, and achieving the feet of monetization, it has made an excellent name for itself. It is expected to grow with the fantastic YouTube team of FORSE. FORSEdu has developed a new YouTube series related to India's Oil and Natural Gas Supply Chain supply.

It talks about India and its dependence 39

on oil imports and the Upstream supply chain, The Midstream supply chain, and The Downstream supply chain. It also shares insights on challenges and opportunities in Oil and Gas Supply Chains, the role of cartels in the oil world, and how they impact India. The ongoing series talks about the Automotive Industry of India, its Successes, Failures, and the way ahead. FORSEdu aims to grow and reach a wider audience by covering various topics related to supply chain and operations.

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

What’s Exciting in FORSE Global Supply Chain Conference

K J Somaiya Institute of Management hosted the 9th Global Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Conference on 10th December, in association with ISCEA and powered by FORSE, the official operations committee of the institute. The conference theme was ‘Intelligent Supply Chain Management’.

The inaugural session featured Mr. Rohit Bhat (Vice President Process Operations, Resilinc), Dr. Sachin Kamble (Professor, EDHEC Business School, France), Mr. Vasant Mugada (Senior Director, GEP), and Mr. Sandeep Chatterjee (Director, Deloitte India). The panel shared insights on procurement & supply chains that face uncertainties and the way forward. The discussion also focused on Digital Supply Chain and Supply Chain Resilience framework research.

the theme Digital Supply Chain, followed by a paper presentation by three guest speakers and provided views on the latest developments in the field of operations and supply chains. The session was followed by a round table conference on Intelligent SCM having Mr. Deepak JakateModerator. The esteemed speakers were Mr. Mukesh Kapoor, Dr. Santosh Rane, Mr. Lalit Deshmukh, Mr. Balpreet Singh, and Mr. Sriram Balasubramanian. Finally, there was a case study presentation by the winning team of Sanrachana 2021 and a vote of thanks by Dr. Sanjiwani Kumar.

This was followed by the launch of the international edition of the quarterly magazine of FORSE, Momentum, on

Lean Six Sigma Certification by KPMG FORSE successfully conducted Lean Six Sigma Certification Course by KPMG from 21st February to 25th February. It was a success as it attracted many students from the K J Somaiya Institute of Management.

FORSE facilitated the entire process and ensured a smooth and seamless journey for every student throughout 40

the course by bridging the gap between the students and KPMG mentors. Students got practical insights into Lean Management and Six Sigma while learning different software to understand in detail the application of concepts in various fields of management studies.

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

OpsSpardha Ops-Spardha, the flagship event of the FORSE Committee, was conducted between 15th to 27th February as a part of the Institute's Annual Management Fest: Melange 2022!

The event was conducted through three rounds. Round 1 was the Quiz Round, the basic elimination round testing critical and logical thinking.

Round 2-The Hangman Game was designed using HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript for its UI and operation. It was based on the concept where we asked questions from three categories, i.e., Operations, Marketing, and General Management.

The participants had to guess the word based on some hints in 10 minutes

allotted time.

Round 3- The Last Mile is a map-based Excel game designed using visual basics in which the map tests your analytical skills, where on every step, the participants need to decide the network they want to choose, solve the hurdle it has and then move on to the next hurdle. The game involved elements of strategy, time, distance, and money to traverse the last mile successfully.

OpsQuest OpsQuest is an event of Forse under Melange '22. Forse had come with a splendid opportunity to play a fantastic Simulation game, 'OpsQuest 2022', that will test your problemsolving acumen. This game involves strategic decision-making and forecasting the demand for power required to fight the coal supply shortage in India's northern region at the least cost possible. Wear your thinking hats and be ready with your teammates to apply your problemsolving skills. It had two rounds. 1st round was the quiz round, and 2nd round was the online live simulation game.

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1st Round (quiz) checked the knowledge on the latest happenings in the operations field and general awareness. The 2nd round (online live simulation) tested supply chain knowledge, problem-solving skills, and strategic decision-making.

.

What’s Exciting in FORSE

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

FORSE in Frame

•

•

Roshan I Winner of Sarvodaya – Social Business Case Competition In Health & Nutrition Category

Monil Shah Gold Category Certificate - 8 week Management Consulting - Case Solving Bootcamp organized by Strategy Co.Global

•

• •

Parshwa Shah Runner Up in National Level Operation Case Study Competition – “Ikshna” 1st

Ankur Mahajan Winner - February-Article of the month – Marque, the Marketing Club, IIM Rohtak Winner – Dhyuti - Call For Articles, XLRI, Jamshedpur

Eshita Rastogi • 1st Runner Up in Excaliber’22, IMI New Delhi

FORSE congratulates everyone for their Achievements!!

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Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Article Writing Experience “FORSE always brings out new trends and the latest developments in Operations and Supply Chain Management. This time, the topic of Digital Supply Chain drew me to write a detailed article on "Application of supply chain analytics: optimizing the freight supply chain." To have my articles published with some of the brightest minds is honoring. Continuing to be a valuable resource for students and operation enthusiasts, I wish FORSE all the best for future editions.!”- Deep Arora, Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), Pune Winner and writer of Application of Supply Chain Analytics: Optimizing Freight Supply Chains, December 2021 Edition “I had the pleasure of writing for KJ Somaiya's student-run Operations Magazine, Momentum, in the past month, and it was a fantastic experience. Right from selecting topics, they wanted the participants to put forth their thoughts to the very end. The organizing team played a crucial role in working with the participants to refine their articles and put their best foot forward. The end-publication was an engaging read & I look forward to more of their events!”- Nishant & Vasu Goliyan, Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indore 1st Runner-up and writer of Artificial Intelligence for continuous and proactive improvement in the Covid Era: Resilient Supply Chains, December 2021 Edition “Sagar and I had a very enriching experience writing on the sustainable circular supply chain topic as it is the need of today, and not many mid to small-sized companies can implement it. We got great insights from various international companies and industries in the developed economies and their Circular SCM practices and how advantageous has it been for them. While writing the article, we came across the latest megatrends. All in all, it was a good learning experience.”Monil Shah & Sagar Sompura, KJ Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai 2nd Runner-up and writer of Strategizing Supply Chains towards achieving Sustainability through Circular Economy, December 2021 Edition “I had this opportunity to write for Momentum, and it was a great experience overall, I would say. The theme was chosen carefully and in line with the ever-changing world and the latest innovations. I am grateful to the organizers and congratulate them for hosting such a platform!.”- Muskan Garg, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), Delhi Writer of Rise of Warehousing Markets: A Resilient Asset Class, December 2021 Edition 43

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Brain Teasers •

44

Opswords

Complete the puzzle below 1. _ _ _ _S_ _R

6. _ _ T_R_ _ _

Hints Also known as the vendor S is in the word but wrong position R is in the correct place

Hints The manufacturer's customer T is in the correct place R is in the word but wrong position

2. P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D

7. L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T

Hints Type of logistics which focus on flow of materials to work stations P is in the correct place D is in the word but wrong position

Hints Commercial activity of transporting goods to customers L is in the correct place T is in the word but wrong position

3. _ _ _ _ H _ _ _ _ W

8. _ _ G _ _ O

Hints Where goods are stored throughout supply chain W is in the correct place D is in the word but wrong position

Hints The word “Logistics” is derived from this French word G is in the correct place O is in the word but wrong position

4. T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y

9. M _ _ _ _ _ F_ _ _ _

Hints a complete listing of merchandise or stock on hand, work in progress, raw materials, finished goods on hand, etc.

Y is in the correct place T is in the word but wrong position

Hints Produce goods or material M is in the correct place F is in the word but wrong position

5. _ P_ _ _ _ _ _ _ N _

10. _ _ _ T_ _ _ _E

Hints It is the term that is used to refer to the process of sourcing or obtaining services or goods for a business.

P is in the word but wrong position N is in the correct place

Hints To utilize a third-party provider to perform services previously performed in-house T is in the word but wrong position E is in the correct place Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Brain Teasers •

Answer for Opswords of September 2021 edition

Across

45

Down

1.

REALL

2.

Solder

4.

Outbound

3.

Bullwhip

5.

Remanufacturing

7.

Aggregate

6.

Processing

8.

Group

9.

Service

10.

Decoupling

Momentum March 22 Edition, Vol XIX

Achievers-Conquerors 2021-22 Ops-Quest Game for Melange’ 22

Ops-Spardha Game for Melange’ 22

FORSE Animal Shelter CSR Activity at Mumbai

“Coming together is a beginning, staying together is progress, and working together is success.”

- Henry Ford

TEAM MOMENTUM

“Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much” – Hellen Keller Faculty In-Charge

Designer

Dr. Pramod Shetty

Shatakshi Bajpai Ayush Agrawal

Area Chairperson Operations

Editor Ankur Mahajan Basir Quadri

Key Contributors Earnest Green | Krisha Sanghvi | Hrushikesh Athare | Kaveri Holkar | Basir Quadri Dyanesh S. Mahajan | Ankur Mahajan | Ayush Agrawal | Shatakshi Bajpai Viram Vora | Tanushree Agrawal| Radhika Saraf | Simantini Maiti | Paras Lodaya Antarip Biswas | Parshwa Shah | Tanmayi Gosavi | Shivam Raghuwanshi

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