Momentum - September 2021 Edition

Chairperson’s Note

With a view to aid practitioners and learners in the vast field of operations and interface areas, FORSE - the committee of enthusiasts has been making efforts to bring new and emerging concepts and topics for the readers. MOMENTUM is an outcome of these efforts.

I am sure the present issue will kindle your thoughts and further your knowledge in the field of Operations and Supply Chain. Congratulations to the team for their efforts in bringing out this issue.

Happy Reading !

Dr. Pramod Shetty Faculty In-charge - FORSE Area Chairperson (Operations) K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai

Editor’s Note Dear Readers, “Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family”—Kofi Annan We are delighted to bring to you the September 2021 edition of Momentum.

Through this quarterly magazine, we don’t only share knowledge but also provide platform to share your knowledge as we believe that knowledge is power. In the past editions we have seen the articles on supply chain in environment of industry 4.0, sustainability in supply chains, IT operations and many more. The area of Operational Strategy has been emerging as one of the prominent areas in the organizations today. The area compasses the topics such as Application of Blockchain Technology in Modern Manufacturing, usage of value chain analysis and benchmarking, warehouse automation and many more.

Thus, to explore this area more, we present you this edition with a theme “Strategic Operations in New Business Environments”.

We at FORSE, believe in continuous learning and improvement as it helps in constant expansion of skills. This cultural philosophy also reflects in our magazine. The structure of our magazine is such that it will give you detailed insights of the theme and add value to you. Our magazine has various enriching sections such as Recent Trends, Overview, Various Articles, Brain Teasers and many more engaging activities done by FORSE. We also have an interesting section- “Corporate Insights”, to get corporate perspective of the theme from industry experts.

The articles that are included in this edition provide good insights into various topics related to the theme like Warehouse Automation – A Move towards intelligent supply chain, Centre Procurement and Distribution of vaccine in India, The New Era of Manufacturing, 5G- An Essential Driver of Transformation in Supply Chain Industry and various other enlightening articles.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who has contributed to the magazine and wish for enthusiastic participation in the future as well. We hope you have a great experience reading this edition of Momentum. We also hope that we could provide a platform through this magazine to share and gain knowledge, leaving you with a richer knowledge base to cherish and apply in various aspects of your career.

Happy Learning, Team Momentum Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

FORSEian’s Note Dear Readers, We at FORSE (Forum of Operations Research & Supply Chain Enthusiasts), since our inception have been striving for excellence & building business acumen of students in K J Somaiya Institute of Management by not only organising simulation events, case study competition, international conferences, magazines but also by executing campaigns, posts through social media handles thereby utilising the digital media space to communicate the very fabric of supply chain, operations strategy and logistics with all the operations enthusiasts across different geographies.

MOMENTUM our quarterly magazine is an attempt to bring forward enlightening topics and concepts in the field of operations, supply chain and logistics to our readers. It contains articles based on different themes in each issue. Since its inception, Momentum has covered many topics under various themes including but not limited to , SCM & Logistics in E-commerce, Supply chain in 21st Century, Scope of Operations across different Industries & Business Functions, Industry 4.0 , Sustainability in Logistics and Supply Chain, IT Operations and many more.

In today's world, where technology has been the vital factor in transforming the industrial sector, it has been also equally important for the organizations to think and strategize their plans effectively in order to attain maximum efficiency and productivity. The usage of technologies such as Block Chain and the processes such as value chain analysis have facilitated the industries to refine their operational strategies to much greater extent.

Through the September 2021 Edition of Momentum which revolves around the theme “Strategic Operations in New Business Environments”, we strive to enhance the knowledge of our readers by the impactful recent industry trends and promising start-ups in today’s era.

On behalf of the FORSE Momentum Team, which has worked meticulously to bring this issue to you, we hope that the magazine gives you great insights and aggrandize your knowledge bank. Stay tuned for upcoming issues with more interesting themes.

Keep Learning!

Earnest Antony Green Convener

Krisha Sanghvi Co-convener

Hrushikesh Athare Co-convener

Dnyanesh Mahajan GSCM President Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Index

Overview of Operational Strategy in New Business Environments Page 01

Recent Trends in the Industries

Page 04

Corporate Insights Page 07

Smart Warehouse – Key Lever of Supply Chain Excellence

Page 10

Manufacturing as a Service Page 15

Centre Procurement & Distribution of vaccine in India Page 19

The New Era of Manufacturing Page 23

Warehouse Automation- A New way of managing inventory

Page 27 Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

5G- An Essential Driver of Transformation in Supply Chain Industry Page 31

Smart Warehouses – A Step towards Automation Page 34

Start-ups in the today’s era Page 38

What’s New & Exciting in FORSE?

Page 41

Internship Experience Page 42

FORSE in Frame Page 44

Article Writing Experience: December 2020 Edition Page 45

Brain Teasers Page 46

Index

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Overview

With the emergence of block chain

technology in the manufacturing sector, the transparency and trust in the industry value chain has also increased. Companies use block chain for exchanging the data within a complex supply-chain in a transparent manner.

Blockchain Technology in Modern manufacturing and the newer trends in Distributed Additive Manufacturing With the help of a block-chain enabled manufacturing technology, the manufacturers can track the entire journey into all the supply-chain tiers.

If block-chain has made a mark in the manufacturing industry so has distributed additive manufacturing.

Today’s consumers demand highly customized products which cannot be produced with the traditional manufacturing methods. The demand for a faster turn-around and superefficient supply chain can only be only achieved through the distributed additive manufacturing. With the simultaneous growth of additive manufacturing the demand for distributed manufacturing also grew.

The key advantage of distributed additive manufacturing is that the products can reach the market faster and the production time as well as the supply lead time is also reduced.

Mobile manipulators and Cobots and the Evolution in Flexible and Contract Manufacturing With the emergence of industry 4.0, more and more work is being done by 01

the robots in the manufacturing processes. These robots have not only replaced the humans doing the manual repetitive tasks but also they can enter into the hazardous zones in order to fulfill the dangerous tasks.

But out of all the different kinds of industrial robots, mobile manipulators have the highest demand because of their high mobility, collaborative feature and flexibility. Some of the key areas of application of mobile manipulators are logistics, manufacturing and assembly. Mobile manipulators are able to act predictively and are able to manage the resources i.e. the time as well as raw materials in an efficient manner.

The ability to adapt to changes in product requirements without compromising quality is known as flexible manufacturing.

Flexible solutions differ from one another in terms of the degree of flexibility they provide. Others embrace modern technologies to achieve similar results: flexibility of time, operation, and resources in general. Some focus on organizational aspects and are based on implementing management solutions that result in flexibility, while others embrace modern technologies to achieve similar results: flexibility of time, operation, and resources in general. With these considerations in mind, both new and established brands are turning to contract manufacturing as a viable option for meeting their requirements.

Modern contract manufacturers will need to be adaptable and responsive to both small independent businesses Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

and large corporations expanding their product lines in the future.

Warehouse Automation and Smart Asset trackingA move towards intelligent supply chain management Today everything is available online due to which the need for careful order fulfillment has also increased, and global warehouses are using supply chain management to its full potential just for this purpose. As a result, warehouse automation is required. Warehouse automation is gaining traction, with warehouses at the heart of supply chains and warehouse industry trends pointing to a growing client base and increased demand for rapid shipping. Customer demands such as same-day shipping have accelerated this growth, and warehouse automation helps ensure that business-critical operations meet those demands.

Not only an automated warehouse is in high demand, smart asset tracking, enabled by IoT and GPS solutions, has also started to build its presence in the supply chain management. Asset tracking enabled by IoT transforms data collected from a sensor-rich environment into actionable insights.

The smart asset tracking solution allows the company to collect, report, and visualize real-time data over a private network, and in the process, it has digitized manual, paper-based tasks. It has now become an important tool for businesses to use in order to create flexible supply chains that can respond to changing customer demands.

02

Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS) MaaS is a natural progression of the manufacturing business model: Manufacturers used to sell things in one-time transactions; later, they began offering their products as a rental service with aftercare; and now, making the product has become the service. Because of technology advancements such as quicker Internet, cheaper cloud resources, and increasing connection based on omnipresent sensors, actuators, and data protocols, the change to MaaS has been viable. The global supply chain has undergone a profound upheaval as a result of these advances. In the coming future it will entail the collaborative usage of networked manufacturing infrastructure, with production status being conveyed to customers in real time via the IoT. Quantum Computing and automation in manufacturing Quantum computers have the huge potential to optimize supply chains with many intersecting factors.

Everything from life-saving pharmaceuticals to technology, food, and simple consumer goods could be transformed as a result.

Quantum optimization algorithms could potentially work with real-time IoT data from vehicles, highways, and inventory endpoints in the future.

Indeed, quantum computers may be able to help address and overcome supply chain interruptions in the future, such as those caused by our present pandemic.

Overview

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Apart from the use of quantum computers in the manufacturing sector automation is also being used by manufacturers to improve precision, uniformity, and operational efficiency. The ability to view equipment run times may be enough to reduce downtime by modifying workflow to reduce changeovers, or it may highlight areas where further automation might produce a favorable return on investment. Automated monitoring provides a more

03

predictable model business decisions.

for

making

Quantum Computing and automation in manufacturing Cloud manufacturing is the use of some of the modern technologies such as IOT, RFID, Cloud computing for the manufacturing processes. These core technologies have changed the entire manufacturing sector and has made it from product-oriented sector to a service-oriented sector.

Overview

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Recent Trends

Over the past years, technology has taken a drastic and disruptive upward trends causing businesses to reach great heights. In the new environment, businesses are banking on newer trends to maintain their competitive advantage and strategize to grow their businesses in line with these trend Some of the most recent trends include: Internet of Behaviour (IoB) The Internet of Things (IoT) is a interconnection of various devices so as to generate massive data from varied sources at all time. These interconnected devices are responsible for tracking online activity, geographical locations, interests, likes, purchasing behaviours and a lot more.

In an imaginary pyramid, consider IoT at the bottom of the pyramid that gathers data and turns it into information. IoB on the other hand converts that information into knowledge. IoB is a combination of Data Analytics, Technology and Behavioural Science.

Consider the example of a health app on the mobile device that tracks sleep patterns, pulse and heart rates etc.

The app can send alerts to any adverse events and suggest appropriate behaviour modifications towards a more positive or a desired outcome. Businesses believe that such an extent of personalization can create value and would prove vital to a service’s effectiveness.

04

Mirrored World or Digital Twin By definition a digital twin is a virtual representation that serves as the realtime digital counterpart of a physical object or process. In the present times digital twin are rocketing across many enterprises and industries and driving an irreversible inflection point—the birth of the mirrored world. When digital twins initially came into being they were applauded for their ability to keep track and streamline the data of different devices.

In the recent times the addition of AI and the scalability has just transformed the equation. Industry leaders are now connecting massive networks of intelligent twins. They are linking many twins together to create living models of the entire factory even, supply chains, ports and cities.

Companies across industries are now revisiting their five- and 10-year plans in light of the COVID pandemic and unpredictable times ahead. Intelligent digital twins are changing how new age businesses operate, how they collaborate and how they innovate and enterprises that get lag behind will struggle to grow in the markets and ecosystems of the future.

Intelligent Composable Business (ICB) Post pandemic, enterprises have accelerated their digital business strategies to drive speedy and efficient business transformation journey. In order for them to do so, they need to be agile and make faster decisions with the data on hand.

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

ICB supplements and augments decision making by adapting, accessing and reacting to data in an efficient fashion. Organizing business processes centered around the theme of ICB creates resiliency and stability in businesses in uncertain times.

Composable Businesses are made up of three main building blocks, namely; composable Thinking, composable business architecture and composable technology. These building blocks allow the businesses to pivot steadily.

Through ICB, companies can achieve customer experience success and technological innovation in a flexible environment.

Total Experience Gone are the days when just customer experience was centric to the business, the recent trend is total experience which combines multiexperience, customer experience, employee experience and user experience to transform the business outcome. The central goal in this approach is increase the overall experience where all the pieces intersect, right from technology to employee experience to customers and users.

Instead of improving each experience in a silo, tightly linking all these experiences differentiates a business form its competition in a way that is difficult to replicate, thus creating sustainable competitive advantage.

The COVID-19 disruptors including virtual set up, distributed customers, remote work have all enabled 05

organizations to capitalize on them.

Cyber Security Mesh The COVID 19 global pandemic has created innumerable opportunities for hackers and masterminds to prey upon the vulnerable and important data of the companies with ransomware which will turn into data breaches. With more resources and assets existing outside the traditional security parameter, cybersecurity needs to be redefined.

Cyber security spending is poised to grow as the employees and employers have turned to remote working style and the sensitive data keeps on increasing each passing day.

Cybersecurity mesh enables scalable, flexible, and reliable cybersecurity control via a distributed architectural approach. This perspective to network security renders a more sophisticated security approach by centralizing policy orchestration, distributing policy enforcement and limiting hackers from exploiting network.

The Me in Experience Focusing on customer experience has been a dominant strategy for growth for many companies but with the ever-increasing customer expectations, delivering a brilliant experience is just not enough to maintain sustainable growth.

In the digital era, people want customized experience but they don’t want their experiences overly determined for them without their knowledge. Customers are now

Recent Trends

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

inclining towards ownership. They now want an experience that has been created with them and not just for them. Empowering the customers to make relevant choices that inform their experiences, companies share

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control over the experience with their customers. They expect brands to align with their own values, like sustainability, equality, transparency, and fair employment practices.

Recent Trends

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Corporate Insights Here is our detailed conversation on IT operations and Service Delivery with Suharto Chatterjee completed his masters in Supply Chain From Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Malaysia Campus. He joined Swiggy in 2018 and since then he has scaled Swiggy's operations across the state of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

We would like to kick start this discussion by asking you about your professional journey so far and it would be really great if you can share 3 key learnings.

Hi Budding Professional. Firstly thank you for having me here. I have worked in a Steel PSU named Vizag Steel.

Here, I got exposed to Automation and Inventory Management.

This experience drew me to the world of Supply Chain.

I completed my masters in Supply Chain From Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Malaysia Campus. I joined Swiggy in 2018 and since then I have scaled Swiggy's operations across the state of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Recently I have joined Swiggy's Private Brands, where I design, pilot and execute various strategies and work on innovative business model to offer consumers a range of delectable cuisines.

3 Key Learnings: • Always be up for Challenge • Fail and learn. Analyze data to reduce the probability of failure • Speaking politely: Whether you speak to your colleagues, family members or Suppliers 07

As far as Operations Strategy is concerned, what are key activities that are carried out in the organizations?

Working on various business models.

Doing Financial modelling, sensitivity analysis and scenario planning. Apart from this the division works to increase marginal productivity. Most importantly it executes all strategies by asking how will the consumer benefit from it.

What are the key challenges in the organizations, while implementing the operational strategies that are laid down?

When the models are new and never tried before, convincing all stakeholders is an important step.

This also provides a huge check and balance mechanism.

• Sales forecasting, especially in the Pandemic era where the volatility is very high.

• Having the right people to execute and scale the newly formulated strategies.

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

How do you think we can better leverage the advanced technologies such as data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning in order to improvise the formulation of operations strategies in any organization?

The application of technology can be seen more crucial in the field of forecasting. The lower the RMSE or MAD value of the forecasting the better it is. To get accurate forecasts we need to leverage technology. We need technology for simulation. In simulations we can play with the input variables but the output can be more close to reality if we use advanced technology.

We have process improvement methodologies such as Six Sigma, Process Mapping, Pareto Analysis and many more. So, can you please explain how often these techniques form as a part of any operational strategy ?

These are very important tools and used quite widely. Pareto Analysis has the highest application. When we run an ecosystem there are so many aspects which run in parallel and dissecting the problem to understand the root cause is the critical part.

Another tool which we use is Regression to determine the Cause and effect and provide weights to independent variable so that we can determine the outcome (of the dependent variable).

How do you think the organizations have been adapting to new operational strategies especially in this COVID-19 pandemic?

Organizations have to be fast and 08

again with the single goal, of how will the consumer benefit from the offerings.

The Pandemic has taught organizations to have the right balance between Fixed and Variable cost, redesigning their supply chain keeping the core business to themselves and outsourcing the rest.

Companies are now more cautious using Cash Flow from Operations to expand business and buy Capex instead of increasing debt.

How do you think the private companies and the governments can collaborate to come up with new operational strategies for implementation?

The Pandemic has given lot of opportunities to improve the entire ecosystem.

In Andhra, we could deliver Fruits and Vegetables from the Sabzi Mandis, improving sales of our farmers, sellers and delivering convenience to consumers during the 1st wave.

According to you, how can organizations promote innovation among their employees while achieving the organizational goals and objectives?

It is culture. An organization should have the right culture to hear and give feedback to employees. Also, by giving responsibility - when Organizations make one person responsible for the end success of the project, the person manages to deliver the desired product or task.

Corporate Insights

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Finally, for any aspiring candidate who wants to embark his/her career into the field of Strategy and Operations, what are the key trends/developments that he/she should focus upon ?

• Dissect problem statement • Improve data analysis skills. If interested one can learn R or SQL or both.

• Understand Income statement thoroughly. Also be aware of its

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• •

dynamic with the Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. Learn Inventory management and Depreciation and its accounting in Financial statements.

If interested in logistics, one can learn Network Design by using Mixed Integer Linear Programming.

Practice presentation skills.

Whenever you present to VPs, CEOs or VCs always have a story.

Corporate Insights

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Smart Warehouse – Key Lever of Supply Chain Excellence -

- Ketan Joshi Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai

Warehouse and it’s purpose

Warehouse is defined as a location

based storage facility to store raw materials, goods and finished goods.

Purpose of Warehouse • Receive the items with ease • Take care of the items • Repacking, inventory counting, supplying production, or simply moving an item for optimal warehouse space utilisation • Choose the items • Send the items out Introduction to Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) Warehouse Management System (WMS) is defined as, a database driven computer application, to improve the efficiency of the warehouse by directing cutaways and to maintain accurate inventory by recording warehouse transactions. The systems also direct and optimize stock based on real-time information about the status of bin utilization.

Important Entities Implementation:

10

in

Role of the entities is as follows: • Project Management - From start to finish, manage the project to ensure a smooth and successful WMS implementation • IT Solutions - Understanding the customer's business requirements and configuring installation/management of the WMS application and database in accordance with the requirements • EDI Integration – To connect WMS to the customer's systems as well as any other external systems • Development – To create any functionality required by the business and deliver the solution through the WMS platform • Training – To prepare resources to use the WMS functions in the application, they must first be trained The following illustration depicts the WMS overall workflow:

WMS

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Warehouse Automation Work Flow

and humans work together. Basic tasks are delegated to technology, such as moving packages and scanning barcodes. Human jobs still include sorting through packages and moving complex-shaped objects (such as bottles).

Over 400 robots and hundreds of human workers work in Amazon's automated warehouse. There isn't a shortage of work for either of them.

Smart Warehouse Management A smart warehouse is the culmination of warehouse automation (in other words, automating various components of your warehousing operations). These technologies work together to increase the productivity and efficiency of the warehouse, minimizing the number of human workers while decreasing errors.

Smart Warehouse Necessities:

DHL Smart Warehouse

DHL has tested a number of new ideas in its warehouses. Smart glasses, robots, drones, autonomous vehicles, and other technologies are used by the company. It's easier for a worker to identify products and sort through parcels when they have constant visual support.

DHL recently partnered with Cisco to develop a platform that would track supply chain activities in real time; however, the project is still in the works.

Components System

of

Smart

Warehouse

Robotics

WMS

Components of Smart Warehouse Management System

AI & IoT

Examples of Warehouse Automation

Amazon Warehouse Automation

Amazon recently opened a semiautomated warehouse where robots

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Warehouse Automation (A move towards intelligent Supply Chain Management)

RFID

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Integration of Digital and Physical Process for Warehouse Automation

Future Technologies of Smart Warehousing Warehouse Automation is a key solution to be implemented in complex supply chains which increases the productivity and efficiency of the process. It also helps in the improvement of asset management. Future technology to be implemented in Smart Warehousing is: •

Autonomous Drones in Logistics:

Drones in warehousing: a rapidly scalable solution that adapts to a variety of case/pallet storage formats, barcodes, QR codes, and inventory counting processes and is seamlessly integrated with warehouse management systems.

•

Smart Analytics Learning: Smart

and

Machine

Analytics and Machine Learning are expected to play a key role in improving customer satisfaction, accurately forecasting product demand, and 12

better utilising available resources.

As a result, the demand for accurate forecasting and decisionmaking is increasing. Example – Walmart owned- Flipkart (ecommerce giant) uses Machine learning for implementing Smart warehousing using robotics.

Flipkart’s Bangalore sortation faculty in warehouse has 450 robots working.

•

Blockchain

in

Warehousing:

Warehouse and inventory managers can instantly see how well a product is selling and track its physical location because of Blockchain. The technology aids store managers in detecting theft and better managing inventory.

Warehouse decision-making is improved by Blockchain, as store managers will be able to forecast demand based on the data logs provided by the technology.

Warehouse Automation (A move towards intelligent Supply Chain Management)

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

•

Automatic Identification and Data Capture technology (AIDC):

Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) is one of the most important technological advancements that manufacturers, warehouses, and distribution centres have benefited from in recent years. When implemented strategically, AIDC solves an array of problems, from trace and trace to identity verification and beyond.

•

Cloud

Computing:

•

Bar Coding: Bar Coding reduces

Cloud computing's increased efficiency aids warehouses in the delivery of goods, reducing costs previously incurred due to bottlenecks, logistics issues, or other mishaps.

Cloud computing can easily scale supply chains to meet customer needs during periods of high demand. human data entry errors, speeds up data entry into warehouse and administrative systems, and improves fulfilment accuracy. QR codes provide a more "2D" view of data. They provide you with a large number of data points. They provide information about a

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shipment's location, scanning times, the number of scans performed during the shipment's journey, and more. Example – Kaya Skin Clinic uses Bar coding to manage the inventory. QR code scanners are used which helps in storing the data about the products. D- Mart also uses Bar Coding technique in inventory management as D- Mart has products in large quantities.

Pros of implementing Smart Warehousing: • Human assistance not needed • Enables Turnaround time • Increase in productivity and efficiency • Increases Warehouse transparency Cons of implementing Smart Warehousing: • New skills and expertise are required, so existing or potential employees must be retrained in new processes • Warehouse layouts and processes necessitate the purchase of new machinery and systems, which are difficult to come by.

Graphical Analysis Automation

Warehouse Automation (A move towards intelligent Supply Chain Management)

on

Warehouse

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Future Scope of Smart Warehousing Warehouse Automation necessitates the development of a PeopleTechnology solution.

Due to automation, productivity of the company increases by eliminating idle time.

Also, it leads to customer satisfaction creating a win-win situation for company as well as the customer.

Warehouse transparency can be observed, Real – time Inventory management causes the process and

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the delivery to become more efficient and implementing of Machine learning will reduce human assistance decreasing the labour costs.

Further, new technologies are emerging like Blockchain, Cloud computing, Neural networks, etc. whose implementation in coming few years will lead to successful implementation of Smart Warehousing and thus would increase the productivity at higher levels.

Warehouse Automation (A move towards intelligent Supply Chain Management)

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Manufacturing as a Service -

- Sanket Aradhye & Meet Mehta Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai

Introduction

Machinery! Man! Land! - seems like a very huge investment right? And over that managing and maintenance looks even more of a hefty task! So what if instead of building a new setup by yourself, you can directly contact a company whose manufacturing setup is already ready with resources and ask them to manufacture and deliver your requisites in exchange for money.

Well, and there comes into the picture industries formed to overcome this traditional adversity which are included under the tag "Manufacturing as a Service".

Manufacturing as a service can be defined as the shared use of a networked manufacturing infrastructure to produce goods. In other words, manufacturers will be able to use the internet for sharing manufacturing equipment to reduce costs and make better quality products. Similarly, outsourcing and contract manufacturing has given a new direction to the supply chain thereby strategically managing the business and benefiting both parties.

With all the advantages of traditional outsourcing practices namely - less capital expenditure, less skill set and knowledge requirement there were some areas where the clients lacked the accessibility over customization, quality and production status at the vendor’s end which might have been resulting in customer dissatisfaction.

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Thus with the remarkable advancement in technologies like IIOT(Industrial Internet of Things) and Industry 4.0 it is possible to share the network and cost of manufacturing infrastructure with many industries to produce goods at a far lesser cost, capital, and with greater accessibility using the Cloud interface. MaaS takes advantage of “cloud networked manufacturing” for allowing customers on-demand controlled manufacturing.

Evolution If we observe keenly the manufacturing sector has transformed from its traditional component-based form to a modern service-based entity. In the olden days when a company used to come up with its product design, it also had to take care of the manufacturing part of it and henceforth it's prerequisites like machinery, labour (skill) and other technical expertise so there itself the service-based manufacturing laid its foundation stone by improving the shortcomings of old practices. The tables didn't turn overnight in favour of the MaaS sector, in fact, initially, the companies used to hire the technical expertise, engineering expertise or sometimes both which indirectly burdened the expenditure. Also, the new machines which were recommended by such expertise further inflated the budget and thus the MaaS came into the limelight Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

where all the above limitations were taken care of by service providers along with few additional incentives.

Why MaaS is better than Traditional practice?

The digitization of business firms has brought a new way of operating things for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and business-to-business operating companies.

These companies will collaboratively use emerging technologies such as sensors, data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing to fulfil their ownership of the assets they need to manufacture their products. This will allow the companies to shift their time and money for outsourcing these duties to a manufacturing-as-a-service (MaaS) company to improve their bottom line.

In essence, MaaS companies are contractors for several separate businesses that will equally share the costs for equipment, software, maintenance, and repairs. All in all this setup creates a sharing economy

between businesses and reduces the manufacturing costs for each entity involved, allowing companies to expand more quickly and efficiently because they’re not forced to pay for the expansion on their own which increases the ease of building and operating the business in the real world.

Trend and Examples As seen in the above bar graph, we can observe the increasing trend of the organizations towards various sub-practices included under MaaS on a daily basis Cloud-based Infrastructures are increasing year-toyear. More and more OEMs/ Startups/ Small and medium-sized enterprises are using such mediums for outsourcing which gives access to resources, data in a better way along with shared cost benefits. A classic example of “MaaS" is the 3D Printing service company - 3D Print Western which offers additive manufacturing services. The start-up's solutions work with a wide range of materials and

Traditional vs Cloud Campus Trend 16

Manufacturing as a Service

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

offer rapid prototyping and production of functional as well as custom parts. OEM uses this service to build their custom-built jigs, dies, and moulds, as well as fixtures, gauges, and patterns.

Maas Cloud Manufacturing enables the OEM to share/upload the CAD file and then monitor and control the parameters and get the exact quality and dimension. Another classic example of “MaaS" is the French start-up 'Beelse – Cloud Manufacturing' which provides cloud-based manufacturing solutions.

This start-up allows for on-demand production in locations around the world which enables companies to manufacture in the vicinity to their customers. The solution reduces the manufacturing lead time as well as the costs of industrial parts and also offer customers full control and insights into the manufacturing process of their parts.

Advantages of MaaS • It’s always a plus point for a company to have access to their equipment all the time, but when it’s not in use, they’re essentially losing potential profit while still paying for the equipment and other overhead costs.

• MaaS platforms can also make the manufacturing system more flexible, proactive, efficient, and responsive for the clients.

• MaaS enables a higher degree of utilization of installed production capacity.

• IIOT leads to More Real-time Data from so many sensors and controllers thus optimization can 17

•

• •

•

be easily done by Big Data analysis.

Fabricated parts are thoroughly tested and certified, minimizing risk as much as possible before delivering to the customers.

Customization can be easier than traditional methods.

Start-ups and small companies which highly rely on outsourcing can take advantage of this platform to get higher benefits.

Globalization in manufacturing, a stronger supply chain, and logistics worldwide are benefiting the customer in gaining the cost advantage.

Limitations of MaaS • MaaS platforms need to guarantee quality and reliability to their customers.

• MaaS platforms require a highly expensive initial investment infrastructure for connecting it to the Cloud with a huge amount of sensors and controllers apart from traditional Machinery, Capital and Maintenance costs.

• Cyber Security threat of the client’s data is a concern to be safeguarded by Maas platforms.

Data breaching through internal sources of MaaS for indirect competitive advantage needs to be handled carefully.

• Scheduling of Resources becomes more complicated.

• There are many machinery processes where computer integration is not yet possible and the traditional method still prevails.

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What future beholds?

Since all of the machines are computer and internet operated and automated, competition between service providers for traditional manufacturing practices is reduced and shifted to how the sensors and controlling devices are handled? How efficient scheduling of services is?

And how secured cloud data is? So that customer can get on-demand

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instant manufacturing with minimum risk of quality, time and cost.

Traditional contract manufacturers are most affected by this modernization and hence slowly shifting the traditional machinery to computer integrated flexible machinery. The experts believe that MaaS platforms will rule the manufacturing world in coming years as per the current trends.

Manufacturing as a Service

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Centre Procurement & Distribution of vaccine in India -

- Abhishek Keluskar & Nikhil Ghantial Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai

Our nation witnessed huge impact of

covid-19 well known as coronavirus but with great mind across our country it was able to develop vaccine and start vaccination drive from mid of January 2021, when centre launched CO-WIN application for pre slot booking to reduce queue at vaccination centre in addition government had exported 58 million doses across the globe considering our potential of the vaccine manufacturing company & distribution was seamless across the nation until the centre procured the vaccine, but both manufacturing and distribution got in trouble the former due to Raw material (RM) shortage and the later due to centre decentralized procurement decision from the first week of May 2021, in which private hospital, corporates, state government were willing to take their pie from the cake as soon as possible, but soon it was found that vaccination centre was facing a shortage of vaccine. The Conversion process of RM to FG of companies like SII (Serum Institute of

The critical point in Manufacturing & Distribution

19

India) faced supply constraints of RM(Raw material) due to Embargo imposed by the US which gave priority to the local manufacturer in supply.

The additional problem arising in the above value chain caused by the decentralized approach were • Capacity Planning • High transportation cost due to decentralized approach • High Cold chain Storage cost for state government and private hospital • Multiple points of contact Before decentralized approach companies directly supplied to GMSD (Government Medical storage depot), and then state government take on to distribute the vaccine.

Vaccine Procurement distribution

Owing to shortage of Jabs at vaccine centre and increasing price of vaccination, the centre announced to take up 25 % of procurement from state and decided that it will provide free vaccination for people from the age group of 18 to 44 starting from June 21, 2021, which was earlier was Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

only for people from 45 + age group.

I N D I A N P O P U L AT I O N Aged 18 -44

504.76

Aged 45+

178.2

Total Population

1320 0

500

1000

1500

No in Million

Population Data

From distribution perspective majority of the population is in the age group of 18 to 44, which make it critical to vaccinate people from these age group first but dur to capacity constraint company like Serum institute is able to produce 70 to 100 million doses and Bharat biotech has around 12.5 million doses which make average daily dose available for vaccinating roughly around 4 million which is now increasing, so at above nos. we can estimate it will take around 12 to 14 months to vaccinate the whole nation, although by the introduction of foreign vaccines in drive the pace are going to be much higher.

Population estimates of top 5 densely populated state for 2021

Looking at the distribution perspective it is undoubtedly to say that keeping population & Covid cases as a 20

reference the supply should be channelized. Moving ahead it should be concentrated by hospital-tohospital basis and vaccine centre to centre basis e.g.: on an average let say a vaccine centre having a daily footfall of 1000 people should be supplied with 30,000 doses + 2-3% additional to meet the demand across states proportionally and to reduce stockouts.

Some of the supply chain issue which alter the production are

Supply Chain Risk

Also, a report by the Centre’s Universal Immunization Program (UIP) mechanism says that the vast scale of India’s UIP is supported by more than 27000 functional points of cold chains of which 750 i.e., 3 % are located at the district level and above. The functional point can be increased substantially provided government build up cold storage point at taluka level and later it can use it for storage of farm perishable produce which will provide ROI (Return on investment) for the government, also Capacity planning in advance will help to

Centre Procurement & Distribution of vaccine in India

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

predict, forecast & gather information required to satisfy changing demand, Which will help in following ways • • • •

Alert of reorder level for PPE kits, vaccine.

Estimate for vaccination quantity Helps to be Agile for operational Excellence Reduce wastage

The manufacturing capacity, delivery pace, and doses administrated need to be in line to increase the pace of vaccination at an exponential rate. To reduce the bottleneck within the above activities’ technology support is that the need of the hour having deployed technology for booking slot for getting the jab, there's a lot of scope of improvement in the supply chain part of vaccination. Areas that can be improved from a technology perspective are as follows

them whether they should come today for vaccination or not. Automatic order placement on an area-to-area basis with the utilization of advanced analytics will reduce the human error, thus the short-term and monthly requirement of the dose are going to be ordered on a predictive basis.

Other pain points which need to be addressed should be Use of other manufacturing capacities If a decision of increasing capacity is taken by companies let say in June it may take them to implement it by Nov – Dec. which is a huge time, instead of in case of polio where old facilities like Halfkine Institute which undertook the production of the polio vaccine, facilities like these can be identified across the nation and can easily increase the production capability.

People Misinformed about Vaccine (Source: Quint)

Scope of Technological improvement

The Digital dashboard at the vaccine centre will also play an important role for people by showing them available vaccine count and no of people in queue and no. of people booked today slot which will help them to decide to call their peers and inform 21

As almost around 60 to 70 % of the Indian population is located in rural areas, but there is a lot of, while in case of urban areas people are coming up for vaccination but doses are not adequate, so awareness campaign by school children, the teacher can be set up to increase the jab rate in a rural area, also after convincing the whole village the drive

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should be started and the whole village should be vaccinated in just one day to avoid wastage, adding one household to other household vaccine campaign can amount for maximum vaccination such that no one is left behind in villages.

Social issue for vaccination

Finally the main agenda should be to vaccinate at a higher pace day by day

22

and modern methods, technology should be harnessed most efficiently.

We have already witnessed about 8.5 million vaccinations been done on June 21st which is the highest and almost double what was previously best achieved on April 5th, although to meet a demand of 950 million Vaccines inoculation till December 2021 still there is need to increase the pace and achieve a daily target of 10 million.

Hence, all responsible stakeholders should play a vital roll in an most optimum way to make vaccine drive a huge success and to complete it in a short time, also Government has the most important role to coordinate and act as an enabler and a facilitator in these mission.

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Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

The New Era of Manufacturing -

- Deep Arora, Nandita Kothari Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), Pune

“Our

future may include a zerocapital factory whose equipment will be financed (and operated) by finance houses.”

MaaS is one of the most important benefit unlocked by widespread company digitization. Take a look around, you at the competitive global economy and the urgent calls to action to reduce the squandering of Earth's resources.

Using emerging technology and connected services to make manufacturing more efficient and organisations leaner isn't a choice when faced with issues like these. It's a requirement. There are many emerging technologies in the modern factory. It features things like: • Industrial IoT systems, edge computing, and sensors • The use of big data analytics for enterprise resource planning (ERP) The main advantage of MaaS for businesses is that it allows them to consolidate their ongoing costs into a single, easier-to-manage contract. It translates to lesser overhead and more profits.

5 ways in which MaaS Revolutionizing Manufacturing

Controlling Overhead

Costs

and

Lowering

Manufacturers need a lot of standard 23

and specialized equipment to release product batches. Some of the most common types of industrial equipment include: • Industrial electrical systems and generators • Centrifuges and mixers • Boilers and coolers • Conveyors, robots and handling equipment • Sorting and packaging equipment It’s a significant amount of expense for an entrepreneur or small business trying to seize the moment and have their product manufactured. MaaS allows them to use third-party infrastructure to make their concept a reality. This allows them to save considerably on capital costs as well as labour, maintenance and upgrade costs.

Providing Access to New Technologies

A related issue for manufacturers is the accelerating pace of technological innovation. Many companies prefer to rent or lease essential equipment, because buying it now can mean it will be obsolete in a few years. The Internet of Things has introduced many innovations, Integrated device analytics, internet connectivity, automation, and machine learning are all tied to modern manufacturing. This raises barriers to entry and makes investment in equipment more difficult for small businesses to swallow.

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The use of manufacturing services give access to emerging technologies & their benefits for the client company.

The MaaS provider pays for the equipment and schedules its decommissioning and replacement. In the meantime, the corporate customer is enjoying the benefits of technology without worrying about the oftendifficult upgrade cycles.

Boosting Innovation, and Time-to-Market

Customization

Additive manufacturing, known as 3D printing, could become the cornerstone of service manufacturing.

Many companies are demonstrating how 3D printing can become the most shareable manufacturing asset yet. As consumers embrace the ability to personalize the goods they buy - as each consumer reflects different tastes – MaaS is being rolled out around the world, particularly in rental factories.

Armed with technology that makes it easy to manage customization, factories are positioning themselves to respond to MaaS deployments providing organizations with a wide range of flexibility. It helps them gauge how much they want to produce and when, without having to worry about machines lying around and depreciating with nothing in return for the business.

A Lower Barrier of Entry for All

MaaS are currently lowering barriers to entry to industry, so more businesses can now happen quickly and run. These small start-up companies do not have to buy their 24

own expensive equipment, it is not necessary to pay maintenance and help reduce the initial cost. As a result, this company is the possibility that distributors are purchased because they can charge low prices and always maintain the same margin.

Blocking technology and MaaS cooperation have significantly reduced barriers to entering industry.

These benefits have been added to the popularity of Maas and younger businesses and new businesses and new businesses have been added solely in the popularity of Maas.

Flexibility

MaaS implementations offer great flexibility to companies.

• MaaS has changed the way businesses operate and the way goods are produced and distributed globally. This approach improves efficiency and profitability - and provides access to a wider range of resources and technologies - for all stakeholders.

• The manufacturing industry must make effective use of the benefits of technological progress in our world. MaaS can save businesses so much time and money that we will see a significant increase in the number of businesses taking advantage of these services in the near future and beyond.

• MaaS encourages efficient collaboration and creates a sharing economy with less waste where everyone benefits if they are willing to work side by side with other companies and in the share ownership process.

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Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

A better, faster way tuned to:

“Integrating the work across the organization at a size big enough to make a true difference, and then embracing the new ways of working required to maintain the momentum.”

With MaaS, businesses leverage a network of interconnected manufacturing infrastructures.

Machines (maintenance, controls, software and everything in between) work together to create better and faster products. Once a manufacturer or subcontractor is connected to the network, their software applications can be integrated and connected to others. Design review is fast with automated quotes generated from material review and handling, estimated labour, and intelligently calculated uptime. For example, a customer can submit an order, network actors enter that order, match it with their available resources, and the order can be routed and scheduled to put it into action quickly.

25

The net result is speed, from the initial proposition to the product shipped.

“What is remarkable about the market is not only the speed of conversion, but the variety of products. In addition to managed cybersecurity and performance optimization, hosting complex business applications in hybrid clouds can enable integration of services as they are delivered. “ Manufacturing as a service comprises of two parts • Process as a Service • Manufacturing Operations as a Service

5 Top Emerging Manufacturing-as-aService (MaaS) Start-ups

The New Era of Manufacturing

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

• • • •

•

Beelse – Cloud Manufacturing Screvle – Smart Electronics Production Argonaut – Drug Product Manufacturing 3D Print Western – Rapid Prototyping MagicMon – Custom Products

Conclusion MaaS provides organizations with a variety of flexibility. It enables them to decide how much stock to produce and when they want to produce it without having to worry about machinery sitting idle on the floor and depreciating without bringing any profit to the company. With MaaS, industries now operate more efficiently and products are manufactured and sold internationally. Using this approach improves productivity and effectiveness, while offering greater access to a wider range of tools and technologies for all interested parties.

Manufacturing as a Service has also shown to have a significant impact on

26

the cost and speed of R&D and prototyping, especially for high-tech products such as semi-finished products.

Moreover, many companies have changed to MaaS, i.e., they only have to pay for equipment when they are actively working, and when they do not use it, other companies pay for its use instead. This process limits the cost of needs that the company must occur, reduces the cost and improves revenues. The concept of asset sharing gains benefits to all parties involved.

In addition to this, the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has also played a large role in developing manufacturing as a service. By being able to monitor products after they have been sold, manufacturers can gather usage data and use predictive analysis to offer preventative maintenance. In the coming years, this will definitely revolutionize the service industry.

The New Era of Manufacturing

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Warehouse Automation- A new way of managing inventory -

- Ashwini Karodi Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Kozhikode

Automation is disrupting every sector

of the businesses and companies are therefore on the lookout of adopting new technologies and changing the way processes are carried out to fulfill consumer needs in a more effective manner and stay ahead of the competitors.

The role of automation in supply chain and logistics is also increasing day by day and the human-machine interaction is on the rise. The logistics market has evolved from the traditional transport companies to full-fledged customized logistic service providers who offer the complete package with transportation facility, warehousing facility and other services and this evolution has now reached a new level where technology has been incorporated into it and one

27

such area where technological intervention is scaling new heights is Warehouse Automation.

Warehouse automation is the process of automating the movement of inventory into, within and out of warehouses to customers within minimal human assistance. This helps reduces cost and time by reducing the repetitive manual tasks and also increases speed, efficiency, reliability and accuracy of the tasks.

Though, warehouses automation does not necessarily involve the uses of robots but in most cases simply involves the use of software to reduce manual tasks.

Automation in warehouse can be of 2 main types: Digital automation and Physical automation.

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Digital Warehouse Automation Digital automation uses the data such as the inventory data and converts it into a digital form such as transforming it into software systems like Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in order to reduce the manual workflows. An example of digital warehouse automation is the automatic identification and data capture technology like mobile barcoding.

Elements of digital automation can include: • Cloud database • ML algorithms • Platforms for data analytics • Smartphones etc.

The advantage of digital automation is the elimination of human errors in collecting and analyzing the data therefore ensuring accurate and timely fulfillment of customer orders.

Physical Automation Digital automation is simply the upgrade of the manual workflows to digital formats whereas physical automation is the real transformation involving robots and robotic systems.

Elements of physical automation can include: • Vertical lift systems and conveyor belts • Warehouse Robotic systems

• •

AGVs- automated driverless guided vehicles High speed sorting machines etc.

The major purpose of incorporating physical automation in warehouse is to enhance efficiency and reduce employee movement.

Other advantages include, enhanced warehouse capacity, reliability, scalability of services and performance.

Along with these advantages, physical automation also comes with multiple disadvantages such as huge expenses, maintenance costs and lack of skilled workers to operate these systems. This type of automation is hence suited for large volume warehouses with skilled workers and sufficient area to accommodate these systems.

Trends in Warehouse Automation Technology Nowadays, with rapid growth in technology, every sector is going digital and incorporating new ways of doing things or carrying out processes with the usage of technology.

Similarly, all modern warehouses are using one or more type of technological solutions, which are designed specifically for the simple, mundane and labor-intensive jobs easy to automate, to enhance productivity.

Some of the current trends are:

Cloud Based Warehouse Management System This eliminates the need to maintain the hardware and software for onpremise WMS solutions which reduces 28

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Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

the burden on the IT department allowing them to focus on other high value activities. Other advantages of Cloud based WMS are: • Scalability • Easy integration with other systems and software • Centrally accessible information • More control over inventory • Cheaper than maintaining an inhouse data center

Big Data

In order to achieve the goal of warehouse automation, which is to enhance efficiency and productivity and reach the highest level of customer satisfaction, analysing performance data becomes utmost important. This is where big data is beneficial. The huge volumes of data generated by warehouse activities can help streamline order fulfilment processes. Big data can hence help firms to identify and improve operational inefficiencies.

AGVs/AMRs

Automated guided vehicles and autonomous mobile robots are becoming increasingly popular across warehouses. They come in different sizes and are helpful in carrying out certain specific functions in

Advantages of Warehouse Automation Apart from the advantages, like enhanced efficiency, productivity, reduction in human errors, which have been already mentioned some of the other important benefits of Warehouse Automation are: • Throughput Optimization The success of any firm lies in the customer satisfaction and a customer can be satisfied by making available what they want and getting it to them quicker than they expected. This can be ensured by high throughput capacity achieved by automation.

• Accuracy Improved accuracy is one of the biggest advantages of warehouse automation. Reduction in error rate leads to enhanced customer loyalty and stronger relations with them.

• Inventory Control Automation leads to increased knowledge therefore leading to better control on the inventory. Automation also helps in better analyzing the data and hence making a more accurate forecast thereby leading to efficient inventory management.

Challenges of Warehouse Automation Despite numerous advantages, warehouse automation also come with some challenges, such as: • High Cost It requires significant capital to establish and maintain the automation systems which many companies find it difficult to deploy.

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• Skilled labor Such systems require expertise to operate and maintain. Companies therefore need to hire a separate team of experts who are also skilled in maintenance and repair and ensure the new systems and machines stay operational.

Indian warehouse automation market is on rise and hence big players like Amazon have announced an investment in automated warehouses across India. Amazon is also one of the first few companies in India which introduced and adopted robotics in the warehouses.

Warehouse Automation in India The automation of warehouses is more prominent in developed nations but it is finding its ground even in developing nations like India.

According to MarketWatch, the Indian warehouse automation market was valued at USD 86.2mn in 2020 and is expected to reach USD 512.2mn by 2026.

Conclusion Warehouse automation has become a significant part of distribution, Warehouse automation has become a significant part of distribution, fulfillment and manufacturing operations and it is rapidly changing the way processes are carried out at warehouses and distribution centers.

Automation is also changing the way labor is utilized at these facilities, eliminating manual effort from repetitive tasks and enhancing employee focus on high value jobs, leading to achievement of end goal of increased productivity and customer satisfaction

India’s warehousing market is undergoing a significant transformation, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic which has opened up new avenues for incorporation of technology in almost all sectors. The

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Warehouse Automation- A new way of managing inventory

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

5G- An Essential Driver of Transformation in Supply Chain Industry -

- Mahima Agarwal Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai

“Two critical success factors today

for the supply chain are agility and flexibility – agility to quickly react and flexibility to adapt as demands and need change.” ~ Jim Topkins To many 5G may be a mere upgradation of the existing technology which is a little faster, a little better and something that is not earthshattering. But, let me burst your bubble. This technology goes much beyond, it’s also about device density and latency that has the potential to transform myriad industries around the globe, particularly the logistics and supply chain industry, in a big way. Dense population areas generally compete for bandwidth as the current 4G network allows around 10,000 devices only per square mile

31

compared to over one million devices that can operate within the same area under 5G technology. Additionally, 5G offers five times the bandwidth and is eight times faster. Owing to such ground-breaking features, 5G can improve visibility and efficiency at every stage of the supply chain by giving real-time data to managers.

Let us take a deep dive into how 5G is all set to bring about the next wireless revolution sooner than we think and transform supply chains forever.

• Real-time Location tracking and Route Optimization: Vehicle tracking is a serious problem for fleet owners, especially in those places where location tracking is not functional, that is, in the “dead zones”.

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

• 5G’s high speed network, using GIS mapping and GPS features, will provide these fleet owners spot-on tracking of the on-road vehicle and situation-rich, context-rich analysis of road conditions.Through a series of cameras, radars and LIDAR sensors attached to the vehicle, 5G network can timely alert the driver and aid in minimizing mishaps in transit. This will prevent delays and permit route- optimization which forms the heart of modern logistics.

• Virtual Mechanic: Using vehicle diagnostic data, 5G technology can improve the vehicle’s efficiency by constantly monitoring its condition and sending regular alerts in case of potential repair or maintenance, thereby reducing the risk of a malfunction as breakdowns will be anticipated well in advance.

• Product Monitoring: Today, a majority of the companies still use manual methods for tracking and tracking items. 5G can provide ease to such companies to label, track and trace each shipment automatically, thereby solving issues like that of lost cargo, misplaced containers, smuggling and so on.

Unlike the current technology, 5G allows one to monitor the products not just at the vehicle level but also at the SKU level, examine where precisely is the product, what condition is it in and when it will reach the customer. 5G enabled sensors will enable tracking even smaller items economically 32

than what can be done now.

• Seamless Automation: Autonomous vehicles need advanced sensors to keep themselves within their specified lanes so as to avoid collision, post real-time delivery status updates and request for emergency services. Connectivity and bandwidth offered by 5G makes it possible. For instance, test vehicles with 5G prototyping can come to a halt from a very high speed instantly and much faster than human reflexes with its advanced sensors operating flawlessly due to 5G’s high speed low latency network. In case of autonomous trucks or robotic fleets employed in the same inventory, it could also aid in seamless machineto-machine a better optimized human workforce through a fully autonomous cargo fleet logistics but also streamlines supply chain operations resulting in big-time savings in the long run.

•

Video

Surveillance

Solutions:

Improved coverage in indoor settings facilitated by 5G’s high frequency band will smooth the way for remotely monitoring and managing workers through automatic face detection, ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Identification) at entry and exit points, and on spot detection of any intrusion attempt. This will significantly enhance workplace safety at the warehouse along with tracking the workers’ location and activities using geo-fencing.

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Present application of 5G in Supply Chain Management • Port of Livorno: It is one of the largest seaports of Italy with around 7,000 ships and 30 Million cargo passing through it every year. In an attempt to avoid bottlenecks arising due to the high volumes of cargo, achieve higher operational efficiency by simplifying a complex turnaround process and integrate their employees scattered in different locations, it incorporated an integrated 5G-based management solution network in partnership with Ericsson. Unmanned ground vehicles powered by automated remote control via cloud and distributed computing handled a chunk of the port’s activities.

Subsequently, it resulted in an annual estimated saving of $2.95 million by bringing down vessel mooring time and improving productivity. Besides creating a safer working environment through enhanced security, the port was also successful in reducing its carbon emissions by over 8%.

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•

Huawei’s Intelligent Warehouse:

Collaborating with Huawei, KSEC International Trading Co. boosts of an intelligent stereoscopic warehouse where augmented reality applications have tremendously improved the performance of the pickers, promoting green warehouse practices. 5G and computer vision technologies help AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) always lead the right way without getting lost at a low cost because of its stable connection. Only a few technicians are stationed at the control room to oversee the operations and logistics. With 5G’s network, they can check how the machines are running in real time.

A computer model also collects on spot information through 5G and predicts what will happen 5 seconds in advance.

The Road Ahead As companies move swiftly to the adoption of 5G, they will have to reimage and reinvent their current infrastructures, evaluate the capacities of their existing platforms for rapid scalability, adopt AI enabled analytics solutions, new data management strategies as well as shift from cloud-scale data services to localized, low latency services. 5G, on the cusp of a radical transformation, is sure to bring new opportunities for the logistics and supply chain industry to grow. All companies should buckle up!

5G- An Essential Driver of Transformation in Supply Chain Industry

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Smart Warehouses – A Step towards Automation -

- Sunetra Bhattacharyya & Shreya Ghosh K J Somaiya Institute of Management (KJ SIM), Mumbai

A

conveyor moves inventory from point A to point B; a forklift is used to pick up heavy boxes of goods, cameras and sensors are used to navigate a warehouse, and so on. We are aware of these activities (a lot more) that happen in a factory or a storage building. We marvel that a physical machine or digital software has made life so much easier for factory workers. Let us deep-dive into the intricacies of it.

Decoding the basics Before we start to understand the concept in its totality, let us first decode what these individual words mean. A warehouse is a large building where raw materials and finished goods are stored until they are used for production or distribution for sales. Automation is using technology to perform tasks with minimum human intervention.

The supply chain system comprises all the activities involving the procurement of raw materials by the manufacturers to deliver the finished goods and services to the customer.

Bringing all these words together, we get the idea that, that companies need to automate the process of entry, movement, and exit of inventory in and out of the warehouse to the required location, to reduce labour intensive work, increase efficiency, 34

and essentially become an intelligent component of the supply chain.

Why opt for it?

The benefits of warehouse automation become evident when implemented, but before the switch from manual to automatic happens, a company must realize the problems that this shift would solve.

Do customer orders get delayed? Are the inventory counts inaccurate? Are frequent changes in labour capacity required to meet the increase or decrease of demands? Are the existing warehouse processes slow and labour intensive? Has data maintenance become a menace? If the answer is yes to one or more such questions, it is time to automate.

To start with Warehouse automation starts with incorporating a warehouse management system (WMS).

It comprises replenishing, receiving, returns, sorting, picking, packaging, and shipping. Broadly, warehouse automation is of two types: Digital Automation which uses data and software to minimize manual operations (using barcodes, integrating with ERP systems) and, Physical Automation that aims to reduce employee movement (using robots on the floor). Even though it requires significant upfront costs in Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

implementing the same, the benefits outweigh the costs, and the result is efficient process flow and reduced human error.

implementation of automation that may be faulty.

How to implement?

Based on its scale of operations, every company can choose to implement automation ranging from basic, mechanized and advanced levels of automation.

The booming technologies used in this field are Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs), Pick-to-Light and Put-to-Light Systems, Goods-to-Person (GTP), Automated Sortation Systems, Voice Picking and Tasking, Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), and Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS).

•

Checklist To implement one or more kinds of the above mentioned technologies, a company must have a checklist.

•

• • • •

The first is to know which technology to apply and what would be best suited for the particular warehouse.

Set up a committee.

Work on existing data and collect new data.

Evaluate existing inventory operations.

Set up a warehouse management system.

•

•

•

How much does it cost?

Costs for warehouse automation solutions are highly dependent on how complex and extensive they are.

An integrated, holistic solution requires more equipment and integration with a complicated warehouse control system (WCS).

Costs are higher, but accuracy and efficiency improve, as does space utilization. As a result, you will need to find a software and hardware solution that will fit your business needs based on the automation you're implementing.

•

• •

Best Practices Having a checklist and following best practices helps to have a budget estimate and avoid a haphazard 35

Scale the operations by investing appropriately.

Keep a cyclic count and check the procedures.

Start with automating data collection, proper storage, retrieval, and sorting of the received data.

Evaluate the architectural design of the warehouse itself.

•

An improvement system for conventional picking will run anywhere from $500,000 to $1 million A mechanized solution costs anywhere from $1 million to $5 million A semi-automated installation costs between $5 million and $15 million A fully automated solution will cost at least $25 million

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Real-World Examples The popularity and growth of eCommerce have increased the demand for warehouse automation.

The following industry examples illustrate how it works:

Amazon

&

Barcode

scanning:

Automated barcode scanning and labels help Amazon dominate online retail and optimize warehouse operations. Automation is the key to Amazon's famously innovative storage system.

Barcodes are placed on incoming products and on shelves where they are displayed. In order to ship a product, employees use the updated picking list to find the product location based on automated routes optimized for efficiency and flow.

Nike & Picking Automation with GTP Systems: As part of Nike's GTP picking

system, autonomous robots are used to carry products loaded onto shelves or pallets directly from shelves to warehouse workers. Nike's new warehouse automation has helped streamline logistics and enabled Nike to offer same-day delivery to customers in Japan.

IKEA & Inventory Automation with AS/RS Systems: IKEA utilizes highly automated systems in its worldwide warehouse facilities.

These distribution centres have triple stacker cranes and conveyor rack systems that can automatically transfer 600 pallets an hour. IKEA was 36

able to lower significant costs with the implementation of automated warehouse solutions.

Coca-Cola & Full Warehouse Automation: Coke's fully automated warehouse for the EMEA region is a sophisticated facility that provides onsite storage, eliminating the doublehandling process that slows down logistics when stock is shipped to local warehouses.

Coca-Cola's warehouse houses 25,224 pallet locations and is designed to accommodate future expansion.

Challenges Of Warehouse Automation Despite many benefits, automating warehouses can be a challenge as it requires rewriting business processes and workflows because it requires rewriting business processes and workflows.

The costs to set up and maintain the system can be substantial, and many companies lack either the expertise or the resources to do so.

A breakdown can also occur during the worst of times, resulting in downtime and maintenance costs.

Besides, an oversight can cause supply chain failures that may be extremely costly.

Businesses need to plan ahead and assess risks properly to mitigate some challenges. As part of the planning phase, regular inventory audits should be conducted to verify the accuracy of new data generated by automated processing against existing records.

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Conclusion Automation has proved to be a good fit for warehouses because they carry out several repetitive, measurable and recurrent tasks.

Moreover, ecommerce places an additional strain on supply chains by requiring quicker delivery and greater quantities of work. AI technology and robotics are working together to improve inventory management speed, scalability, and responsiveness.

Over the next few years, automated warehouses will become an

37

increasingly appealing alternative to manual storage.

Warehouse automation is seen as a positive change in the operating environment because of labour costs, labour shortages, and greater throughput demands that it guarantees.

In the wake of Covid-19, when the world continues to wrestle with the pros and cons associated with the different working environments, automation has managed to keep business afloat and ensured society has what it needs to live and thrive.

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Startups

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused

disruption in each and every sector of industry. Although, large organizations have introduced multiple strategies to get the maximum output, but it has been interesting to see how the emerging startups have reacted to the current pandemic. So, in this section, we are going to see the startups that have been making their mark in the industry sector by introducing new technological products, specially in the field of supply chain and operations.

Alloy Alloy is digitized company, built mainly to cater the changing demands of the customers. In this era of 21st century, where there has been rapid development and change for the consumer goods companies, Alloy makes the use of modern technology platform which helps them to ensure the products are available whenever the consumer needs them. The company was founded in 2015 by Joel Bal and Evan Goldenberg. It has its headquarters in San Francisco, United States.

The product of Alloy is an Artificial Intelligence and Cloud based software 38

for end-to-end supply and demand planning, visibility and optimization.

Their solution collects and organized supply and demand data. They also have pre-built connections to trading partners and thereby offer the integration with EDI feeds, portals and APIs from retailers, distributors and contract manufacturers. The collected data can be systematically categorized to store-level data and based on this, Alloy analyzes sales and inventory metrics to determine out of stocks, unusual sales lifts, overstocks and any price changes. The cloud platform of Alloy enables shipment visibility and end-to-end inventory with sell-in and sell through analytics in order to get the real time relevant insights. Using this platform, team members and leader are able to proactively address risks and maximize the opportunities by monitoring the demand trends, evaluate performance against forecasts and thus drive collaboration internally and also with partners to execute the plans at the SKU/store level. The company has products such as demand intelligence for retail and e-commerce analytics, inventory intelligence through supply chain analytics, demand planning which involves the usage of POS driven forecasting and planning, data platform for powering speed and flexibility and finally data sources for automating data integration. The Companies in the Fortune 500 to the companies who are adopting the digital natives use Alloy everyday to grow their service levels and improve Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

customer relationships. Along with preventing the loss of revenue from phantom inventory and out-of-stocks, they also effectively lower the costs of inventory holding, and expedited freight by efficiently responding to what and where customers purchase or buy. So, this is how company has strategically transformed its services using the technological advancements.

Rivigo Rivigo is an India based logistics startup that was established in 2014.

With the logistics sector increasing steadily in India, the $300 billion business needs around one million additional drivers annually. It's a sector that struggles to attract many truck drivers because they don't just have a low marital prospect because of the weekly long drives, but also the truck drivers sometimes have to sleep in narrow spaces with barely any headroom, which has a substantial adverse effect on venereal or back health. This is why logistical companies pay the highest salaries (about 40,000 rupees or $610 per month) for the white-collar workers to recruit sufficient truck drivers.

Rivigo offers a simple yet brilliant solution to mitigate this problem. The idea is pretty straightforward: a massive network of pit stations was set up by the corporation to function as a relay system. This Network pans 39

over the entire country of India, with more than 70 stops/stations across the country and a distance between 200 and 300 kilometres between each pit stop. A driver is called by the company from his home station to the next station on the day-to-day pilot's itinerary. He takes a ride back to his home station on a return trip on a different vehicle while another colleague drives his handed over the vehicle to the next pit stop. In this scenario, the driver is able to have a regular private life, because the completion of both trips only takes roughly 8 to 10 hours. There are also no health hazards arising as a result of sleeping in unhealthy positions in tight spaces. Rivigo's portfolio also contains a plethora of sensors used to monitor the temperature, the location of cooled shipments and the performance of each vehicle down to individual parts.

Adopting this seemingly simple yet people-focused strategy, Rivigo stands out as a pioneer that adds value to both the consumers and employees, thus increasing the retention factor.

Trucknetic Trucknetic is a tech-first logistics company in India that specializes in long-haul inter-state road transportation of large B2B commodities.

It's building a marketplace/aggregation platform for both shippers and carriers, where loads are delivered both ways (fronthaul and backhaul) utilizing cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Trucknetic is made out of the words

Logistics Management in the 21st Century

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

truck and kinetic, which meaning "always in motion." This is precisely what the company is aiming for with its platform and product offering, where no truck would ever stop and there would always be a cargo.

By uniting shippers and carriers onto one platform, Trucknetic is changing the digital freight forwarding landscape by creating a market-place where trucks can move freely. It provides carriers with both front-load and return-load capacity. The platform is responsible for ensuring that each and every truck on the platform receives consistent business.

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Trucknetic even aspires to achieve 0% waste on kilometres for trucks, boost asset utilization of vehicles, eliminate brokers and transporters from the market, automate the process by installing vehicle tracking systems, and digitize the necessary paperwork.

Its purpose is to reduce the percentage of empty miles per total distance travelled while also increasing the percentage of total income per truck each day.

Trucknetic's technology is at its foundation, and it uses machine learning, automation, and other software services to link shippers and carriers efficiently. It ensures that all loads are available to all carriers at all times by providing access to freight. It attempts to reduce the number of truck kilometres driven without carrying cargo, increase truck asset allocation, and eliminate brokers and transporters from the supply chain.

Logistics Management in the 21st Century

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

What’s New & Exciting in FORSE New YouTube Series Our YouTube channel, FORSEdu, has started a new series on “Softwares and Tools Used for Operations and SCM”. This series, as the name itself suggests, specifically focuses on two things: The IT related aspects of production and supply chain management and the tools used in the field to effectively decrease costs, eliminate waste, and improve efficiency in not only the manufacturing businesses but also in service operations as well. These tools and softwares have also enabled organizations to maintain a good relation with their respective suppliers and procuring the best service from them. As we are fast moving on to more automated processes and trying to convert as many manual processes as we can, be it large businesses or MSMEs, these tools help a business to

ease this conversion and eventually remain competitive and afloat in the stiff market competition that it faces from other players.

We have majorly focused on topics such as Oracle SCM, E2Open, Epicor and Blue Yonder on the IT applications side, and, Lean Inventory Tools, Shipping Status Tools, Order Processing Tools and Demand Forecasting Tools on the tools that are been frequently used by organizations Finally, in addition to all these, we have also changed our style of presenting the information from a monologue to a dialogue kind of conversation which makes the videos and the concept learnings from them all the more engaging, impressive and interesting and eventually the channel getting more recognized to learners across different specializations.

Exciting Intern Diaries FORSE successfully conducted Intern Diaries session on 1st August 2021, which was the first event conducted by the FORSE in K J Somaiya Institute of Management. The intention behind this event was to share the information of internships by having the direct interaction and guidance from the previous interns who had recently completed their internships in various companies. The event was a huge success, witnessing around 500 students. The session included the speakers who had recently interned in the companies such as GEP, HSBC, J P Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, ITC, EY 41

GDS, RSM India, Accenture, Arcesium, TATA Capital, CITI Group, Cognizant, Nestle and many more companies.

The session helped the juniors to effectively gain information on all the companies, which will help them to prepare for their internships and secure the internships at their dream companies. With this event, FORSE marked the start of the academic year for the juniors, with the determination of hosting many such wonderful events round the year, thus carrying on the legacy of the committee.

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Internship Experience

INTERN @

Adrain Lobo MBA Operations 2020-22

As an MBA aspirant starts their B-

client KYC’s on a centralized platform called the Central KYC managed by CERSAI. The second project I worked on was to test & deploy a registration & annual fee recording module on the RXIL platform & also identify different avenues for enhancement. Both projects helped me get a broad background of the developments happening in the fintech space and how they affected MSMEs.

School journey, they are often caught up in the midst of numerous assignments, presentations, case studies & committee work pressures.

But the one thing that everybody puts in their 100% effort is in securing a summer internship opportunity at the best of companies that colleges have to offer. My journey also started the same way, with preparing for placement processes beginning in September. Although I had prior work experience, I didn’t consider it an advantage and prepared thoroughly.

I was glad to get an opportunity to intern at RXIL – a Fintech firm in the Operations domain. To give a brief about RXIL, it offers a Trade Receivables Discounting (TReDS) system specifically meant for MSMEs to replenish their working capital within 48 hours instead of traditional 30–90-day payment cycles. At RXIL, I was assigned two projects. The first project was to streamline the process flow of Client Onboarding (KYC) and help the company shift their existing

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RXIL is a flat organization that enables you to talk to anyone in particular & solve your doubts or ask for guidance.

RXIL also had recruited from other renowned B-Schools & we were constantly encouraged to communicate & network with them which, enabled us to express our concerns, projects & experiences continually. RXIL also allowed us to voice our concerns every week & also personally tracked our progress which motivated & boosted our confidence.

To sum it up, I would say these two months were the most amazing months of my B School journey, where I enjoyed my work and learned a lot.

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

INTERN @

Gaurav Tewari MBA Operations 2020-22

Summer Internships are a great way

for MBA students, especially freshers, to identify their strengths and shortcomings in the specialization they have chosen. I got one such experience during my internship at Coastal Marine Construction and Engineering Limited (COMACOE).

During my internship at COMACOE, I understood the functioning of the Supply Chain Management department in the field of Marine Construction and Project management. The internship period was divided into three parts, each dedicated to a specific project that focused on entirely different type of work.

The first project was to create a vendor database universe, for the SCM division, that included the information of vendors of different type of material, machinery and equipment.

This not only introduced me to the domain but also gave me an idea about the details that companies stores of their vendors. The Second project was to thoroughly study the COMACOE used PO T&Cs and compare them with the standard format used in 43

various MNCs and Project Management Companies. While going through those PO T&Cs and comparing them with the FIDIC suggested T&Cs, I got an idea of how crucial it is to include all the necessary details in the PO, while keeping it crisp and concise.

The last project was to test all the skills that the interns may have learnt during the internship, and to provide hands on experience to the interns in order finalizing and procurement.

The project was Equipment Branding, where the interns were given the responsibility to finalize on how the company should brand their equipment. In this we had to find the best method by weighing the pros and cons of various methods. These projects helped me understand the functioning of an SCM division and the importance of every small backend process that happens in the division apart from managing the supply chain.

In the end, through my experience, I can only say that doesn’t matter which company you are interning for, you should put in your 100% efforts.

Not only will you learn new things, you will learn how to approach different kinds of problems.

Internship Experience

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

FORSE in Frame

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Monil Shah Winner in Sarvatra, an article writing competition by XLRI, Jamshedpur

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•

• • • • 44

Kedar Ashtikar nd 2 Runner up in MBA Case Study Competition by Today Mania

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Antarip Biswas Winner in Entrepreneur Crusade Quiz by Pathfinder E-Cell of K J Somaiya Institute of Management Finalists (Top 10) in Fruitoholic Case Competition by NavKiran

Eshita Rastogi 15th Rank in MBA Case Study Competition

by Today Mania

Ayush Mehrotra Winner in Spriha Summer Project B-School competition (Inter School) by K J Somaiya Institute of Management Winner in Spriha Summer Project B-School competition (Intra School) by K J Somaiya Institute of Management 1st Runner up in Balderdash: The Farrago of Marketing by IIM Kozhikode 1st Runner up in Commercio by IBS Committee, K J Somaiya Institute of Management Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Article Writing Experience ❖ Varsha Vijay, T.A. Pai Management Institute (TAPMI), Manipal

“Delighted to have participated in the article writing competition organised

by KJSOM where you encourage ideation. As the world transforms during the progression of Industry 5.0 into a Data enabled, Data hungry and a Data driven globe, Data becomes the prized resource to create information of value to feed into strategic thinking of Corporations, National governments, Thought leaders , impacting outcomes in the operations of the economy, it is natural that data management with reliability and security becomes a top- end priority.”- Winner and Writer of Data Fabric - Future of Data Management, June 2021 Edition

❖ Sanchita Chavan, K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Mumbai

“I really appreciate FORSE for giving us the opportunity to pen down our ideas and thoughts on AI and Machine Learning, which also enabled us to broaden our knowledge. We are immensely grateful to contribute and be a part of FORSE's informative e-Magazine. Looking forward to reading all the upcoming issues.”- 2nd Runner-up and Writer of Transforming through AI and Machine Learning, June 2021 Edition

❖ Roshni Panda, Xavier Institute of Management (XIMB), Bhubaneswar

“We have been frequently advised about how to increase our reading speed and also comprehend it all. However, the real challenge begins when we sit to pen down the ideas and learnings. Therefore, this was a great opportunity to research through the topic and feed our brains with some exciting knowledge on product development and management! This gave us a chance to showcase our cohesive take on the topic along with incorporating learnings from our research.”- Writer of Product Development & Management, June 2021 Edition

❖ Dhairya Mehta, S.P. Jain Institute of Management, Mumbai

“Management studies is a lot about combining different learnings and using them together. That is what I attempted to do when I wrote the article about data analytics and operations working together. It felt great when the article was published. That way I could share my views with a lot of people! I'm grateful my article was selected”- Writer of Implementing data driven decisions, June 2021 Edition 45

Momentum September 21 Edition, Vol XVII

Brain Teasers •

Opswords Complete the crossword puzzle below

Across

Down

4. _______ Warehousing is an example of how goods and items are exchanged between warehouses and storage spaces.

1.

7. Shipping refers to the use of shipping and transportation approaches by many organisations at the same time.

2. Is part of the Green Supply Chain Management that reduces the presence of toxic substances.

8. ___________ computing has the ability to minimize energy consumption in the supply chain.

3. Adoption of Green Supply Chain is a challenge for corporates due to high _____ costs.

10. Sourcing involves focusing on human, animal and environmental well-being.

5. The key component of green manufacturing is minimizing the use of energy and _______

11. The term _______ should be considered during the conception of the product, the design phase, and the development stage.

6. Procurement, involves procurement of raw materials and services to achieve the green LSCM targets.

14. Modality algorithm records the pickup and drop-off locations of shipping companies using GPS data.

9. Deep reinforcement learning is a subset of ____ learning that entails teaching an algorithm to make the best decisions possible.

15. Green supply chain is a subset of _____ supply chain.

Can be considered a three-legged stool with a leg for social, financial, and environmental responsibility.

12. Long-distance shipping contributes to the release of ________ by burning fossil fuels.

13. Devices that track product movement in the supply chain.

Brain Teasers •

Answer for Opswords of December 2020 edition Across

Down

1.

DFE

1.

Democracy

3.

Perpetual

2.

Sustainability

6.

Avoidance

4.

PRN

8.

Reverse Logistics

5.

Reuse

10.

PTN

7.

Perpetual

11.

Two

8.

Reduction

12.

OEM

9.

ECO Design

13.

Periodic

FORSE 2021-2023 THE CONQURERS

“Teamwork gives you the best opportunity to turn vision into reality.” – John C. Maxwell

TEAM MOMENTUM

“Many of us are more capable than some of us, but none of us is as capable as all of us.” – Tom Wilson Faculty In-Charge Dr. Pramod Shetty

Designer Shatakshi Bajpai Ayush Agrawal Tushar Jain

Area Chairperson Operations

Editor Ankur Mahajan Basir Quadri

Key Contributors Achintya Ranjan |Adrian Lobo | Akarsh Dave | | Arquam Abdullah | Ashish Soni | Devpriya Lakhanpal | Dyanesh S. Mahajan | Earnest Green | Harita Kakkad | Harshraj Chavan | Krisha Sanghvi| Monil Shah | Pranav Salvi | Puja Chakraborty | Purnendu Pradhan | Sambharta Dutta | Sambhav Mehta | Sankalp Tiwari | Sudarshan Mandal

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