THROUGH THE PORTHOLE Learn more about Tall Ship cruising...
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A look at the different types of Tall Sailing Ships with Star Clippers During the 1800’s, tall ships were in their golden age. No
waters with varying wind directions. Many 19th century
two tall ships were the same, with each individual ship being
pleasure boats were rigged as schooners.
designed for a specific purpose. Some ships were specifically designed to sail long distances in the quickest amount of time, whilst other ships were designed to sail along the coast. This week, we take a look at the eight different types of tall ships and which category the Star Clipper fleet falls into. The names of the ship categories have changed over the course of time, but the categories provided in this blog are the most common. Brigantine Clipper Ship
Brigantine ships consisted of two masts, with square sails on
Clipper ships were all built with three masts and each mast
the foremost mast and gaff sails on the second (mainmast).
carried square sails. The original clipper ships scaled the
Gaff sails were easier to handle than square sails and so
globe to bring products such as gold from California and tea
required a smaller crew than that of a brig. These ships were
from China to the shores of Great Britain.
used in both coastal waters and on the high seas. This was possible because of the addition of square sails, which made
They were built with a protruding stem and the length of
them better suited than traditional schooners for sailing in
each ship was always at least five times the size of the width.
following winds.
The draught was approximately one half of the width. Between the 1840’s and 50’s – these ships were built of wood but, in the 1860’s, iron was often used for the frames.
Brig As stated previously, brigs and brigantines are very similar, with the main difference being that both of the two masts Schooner
carry square sails. These ships were most commonly
The most common schooner ships have two or three masts,
used for carrying cargo over large bodies of water, where
although some do feature more. Each of the masts is equally
following winds could be expected. A brig ship could be
tall and each carries gaff sails. Gaff sails are more efficient
easily manoeuvred under sail in restricted spaces and it was
in adverse winds, and were therefore used mostly in littoral
well suited for sailings to small harbours where there were
no tugs. Due to the addition of square sails, however, brigs
the South American west coast.
required a larger crew. Five-Masted Full-Rigger A five masted full rigger is a specifically defined ship as having five masts, with square sails on all of the masts. In 1902, Preussen, the only five-masted full rigger was built, was launched to serve the nitrate trade from Chile to Germany. She was the largest tall ship ever built and the large sail area (6,800 sq. metres) made her able to achieve the same speed as the fastest clipper ships. For eight years, Preussen gracefully sailed the seas. Barquentine
Unfortunately, the ship was accidentally rammed in the
Barquentine ships consisted of three or more masts, with
English Channel before drifting a shore and remaining
square sails on foremost mast and gaff sails on the others.
wrecked near Dover. Preussen was the only five-masted full-
These middle-sized ships often sailed within Northern
rigger to be built for 90 years, until the Royal Clipper was
European waters with variable winds. They were often used
built for Star Clippers in 2000.
in the lumber trade from Scandinavia to Germany and England across the Baltic and North Seas. Barquentine ships feature a simpler rig and needed a smaller crew than that of a barque, but did not sail as well in following winds. Both Star Flyer and Star Clipper are four-masted barquentines. Full-Rigged Ship These ships consisted of three, four, or even five masted ships and each of the masts carried square sails. The full rigging meant that these ships required a large crew, but in the late 19th century the full-rigged ships underwent a vigorous development to reduce the number of people on board. The hulls, masts and yards were all made of iron or steel and sail handling was simplified. This meant that the sail area could be easily adjusted for various wind forces and were best suited for following winds. They were mostly used for intercontinental voyages in trade winds and monsoons. Four-Masted Barque The second largest tall sailing ships consisted of four masts, of which the fourth mast (the jigger mast) carried a gaff sail and the remaining masts carried square sails. They were the most common sailing ships in the trans-oceanic trade between 1900 and the start of World War II and could carry a large amount of cargo. Innovations such as steam-powered winches made it possible to reduce the size of crews on board. Frequent cargoes were grain from Australia to Europe and nitrate and Guano from
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