BIM for project management in federated models by francesco.montaldo

POLITECNICO DI TORINO CORSO DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN ARCHITETTURA PER IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE

TESI DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Relatore: Prof.ssa Anna Osello

Candidato: Francesco Montaldo

Correlatore: Ing. Matteo Del Giudice

Luglio 2018

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

To my Family especially to Nonno Felice.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The success is achieved by ordinary people with extraordinary determination.â&#x20AC;? Z.Z

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly i want to thank all the people were collaborating with me in the BIMforHealth group, because a part of this work is the results of a larger collaboration. Then my gratitude goes to Anna Osello and Matteo Del Giudice for teaching me and to always providing many advices fundamental for this thesis development. In last i want to thank prof. Fabio Manzone for giving me a precious consulting for what concern the building site organization and the working time schedule redaction.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

ABSTRACT: In a constantly changing field like construction industry, BIM represents the latest revolution, which is deeply changing the whole process, from design phase until facility management during the entire life cycle. It is in this type of scenario that was developed this thesis, operating in a sensible facility such as healthcare complex like Trompone, where BIM was applied, firstly in order to restore the facility by shaping the state of affairs, creating a complex sharing strategy constituted basically by federated files and point clouds surveys, aimed to organize many actors working at the same project, and providing a common data environment following the British standard. In this context was developed the Winter Garden Project, situated in a facility courtyard, by creating a 4D and 5D model that represents the BIM strength, implementing the alphanumeric information degree applicable to the model, and using it to obtain a direct correspondence with the construction time schedule and a cost report, by means of a Gantt chart, implemented by the addition of human and material resources. The results expected from the data implementation of the project are to have a better management especially during the building site phase, for what concerns costs and timing, controlling the project also during the construction phase, in order to gain a complete knowledge and the possibility to modify some aspects during construction, and, as a consequence, improve of the construction process.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

CONTENTS:

Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1 BIM introduction 1.1.1 BIM history and definitions 1.1.2 BIM dimensions 1.1.3 BIM history and developments 1.1.4 BIM elements classification 1.1.5 Parameters 1.1.6 LOD 1.1.7 BIM strength and sharing 1.1.8 Italian & European BIM standards 1.1.9 CDE Common Data Environment

13 15 19 21 23 25 26 29 32 35

1.2 Case study 1.2.1 The facility 1.2.2 State of Art, BIM for healthcare facilities 1.2.3 BIMforHealth a working group

43 46 50

1.3 Construction management 1.3.1 BIM for 4D overview 1.3.2 WBS UNI 8290 Masterformat Omniclass Uniclass Uniformat Comparison 1.3.3 BIM for 5D

55 57 58 59 60 62 64 65 68

2. Methodology 2.1 Sharing strategies into federate models 2.1.1 Data collection 2.1.2 CDE (Common Data Environment) 2.1.3 Shared coordinates 2.1.4 Sharing strategies First scheme Second scheme Third scheme Fourth scheme Fifth scheme Fifth scheme adopted 2.1.5 Point clouds use in federated files 2.1.6 Adopted coding 8

71 74 76 79 81 82 84 86 90 92 94 98 102

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2.2 Shaping phase 2.2.1 Shaping state of affairs 2.2.2 Parametric families 2.2.3 Model division 2.2.4 Preliminary design considerations in Formit 2.2.5 Project model Structural model Architectural model MEP model Topographic model

109 111 115 116 119

2.3 Construction management 2.3.1 WBS 2.3.2 Activity code 2.3.3 Key Note, code insertion in Revit 2.3.4 Revit phases 2.3.5 Time schedule, Gantt chart 2.3.6 Resources and 5D 2.3.7 Interoperability tests 2.3.6 4D simulation

135 136 139 142 144 145 153 158 161

3. Results & Future developments 3.1 Results 3.1.1 Shaping results 3.1.2 Sharing strategies results 3.1.3 Project management Results 3.2 Future developments

121 126 129 132

169 171 174 175 181

Attachments References Bibliography Acknowledgments

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Acronyms: AEC “Architecture engineering and Construction” AIA “ American Institute of Architects” BEP “BIM Execution Plan” BIM “Building Information Modeling, Model or Management” BSI “British Standard Institute” CAD “Computer Aided Design, Drawing, Drafting” CDE “Common Data Environment” CSC “Construction Specification Canada” CSI “Construction Specification Institute” FM “Facility Management” GIS “Geographical Information System” GUID “Global Unique Identifier” HBIM “Historical BIM” HVAC “Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning” LEED “The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design” LIDAR “Light Detection and Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging” LOD “Level Of Detail or Level Of Development” LOG “Level Of Geometry” LOI “Level Of Informations” MEP “Mechanical, Electric and Plumbing” MTBL “Model To Be Linked” 10

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

NBIMS “National BIM Standard” QTO “Quantity Take Off” UNI “Ente Italiano di Normazione” WBS “Work Breakdown Structure” FORMATS: .IFC “Information and Comunication Tecnology” .MPP Microsoft Project format .RCP Whole point cloud format .RCS Point cloud regions format .RVT Revit format .NWC “Temporary trade specific file, Navisworks format .TXT Text document format .XLSX Microsoft Excel format

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

INTRODUCTION

.1 BIM INTRODUCTION .2 CASE STUDY .3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.1.1 History and BIM definitions: BIM intended as Building Information Modeling, is a method to plan, design and manage a facility, through a three dimensional model which also contains some other information further to dimensional ones. Those kinds of models can be used during all the life-cycle of the facility from the initial concept until the dismissal of the building. The range of use is large thanks to interoperability with other softwares that permit to share data between all stakeholders operating in different fields during the design and mange process. The American National BIM Standard (NBIMS) Committee introduces BIM as follows: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Image for a moment all the individual actors in all the phases of a facilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life-cycle. Imagine that all of the actors, working in familiar ways within their own specialty areas, are able to gather information, explore options, assemble, test, and perfect the elements of their work within a computer-based model before committing their work to be shared with or passed on to others, to be built, or to be operated. Imagine further that when it becomes necessary to share or pass a bundle of information to another organization, which may or may not be using the same tools, or to move it on to another phase of work, it is possible to safely and almost instantaneously (through a computer-to-computer communication) share or move just the right bundle of information without loss or error and without giving up appropriate control. In the imaginary world the exchange is standardized across the entire industry such that each item is recognized and understood without the parties having to create their own set of standards for that project team Facility manager

Construction manger

Facility manager

Construction manger

Architect

Builder

Structural

MEP

Architect

Builder

Project manager

Structural

MEP

Building engineer

Project manager

Building engineer

Sharing schemes comparison 2D drawings vs BIM models

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

or for their individual organizations. Finally imagine that for the life of the facility every important aspect regardless of how, when, or by whom it was created or revised, could be readily, captured, stored, researched, and recalled as needed to support rel property acquisition and management, occupancy, operations, remodeling, new construction, and analytics.[1]” The acronym BIM can be intended in different ways. Exist various definitions. In the written references we can find some different descriptions for it: - BIM as Building information Modeling: “With BIM technology, an accurate virtual model of a building is constructed digitally: When completed, the computer generate a model contains precise geometry relevant data needed to support the construction, fabrication and procurement activities needed to realize the building.[2]” “Building Information Modeling [...] is a method that is based on a building model containing any information about the construction. In addition to the contents of the 3D object based models, this is information such as specifications, building elements specifications, economy and programes. [3]” [...] “a model need only two essential characteristics to be described as a BIM model: the first is that it must be a three dimensional representation of a building (or other facility) based on objects, the second it must include some information in the model or the properties about the object beyond the graphical representation.[4]” - BIM as Building information Model: “Is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. [...] a basic premise of BIM is the collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of a facility lice-cycle. [...] the BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standard for interoperability. [5]” “BIM is a data rich, object oriented, intelligent and parametric digital representation of the facility [...] [6]” “A Building Information Model is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such, it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle from inception onward. [7]” - BIM as Beyond the Model: “BIM is not a software application. BIM is an information based system that builds long-term value and advances innovation. It improves how projects get designed and built. It builds economic value in many areas. It improves the environment and people’s lives. BIM is an evolutionary 16

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

change in how people relate to the built environment. The speed of this change creates many opportunities for ambiguity. [...] we define BIM as Beyond the Information Model to align with the universal nature of the concept[8]â&#x20AC;?. As already said, one of the most important aspects of BIM is the interoperability between softwares that are used by different actors, because engineering as well as architecture are multi discipline fields where it is essential to have informations exchange in a construction process that includes so many phases from the design concept passing through the facility management up to the building dismissal. This allows all the stakeholders to operate in a multi-discipline common environment while using the same model that brings many advantages in comparison to a normal CAD process where all information exchange between the actors is made without having any common environment, and where the most common formats as .dwg .dxf .pdf are not able to transmit enough information, the understanding of which always depends on the interpretation by the actors involved. In order to allow a better exchange of information between BIM actors there are a couple of files formats thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are .IFC or .XML where the BIM model is the base of the entire process and the central item, around which all the others fields involved in the process are gravitate around and take information from. The .IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) format is an object-data based file format with a data model that was developed by buildingSMART. IFC defines an EXPRESS based entity-relationship model consisting of several hundred entities organized into an object-based inheritance hierarchy.

Code checking Cost estimation

BIM Model

Structural analysis Energy analysis Facility Management HVAC

BIM and IFC files possible applications

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

At the most basic level, IFC divides all the entities present in a project into rooted and non-rooted. Rooted entities are identified through a GUID (Global Unique Identifier) that is 128-bit number used to identify information in a computer system, and that provides attributes for name, description and revision control. Non-Rooted entities do not have a proper identity they exists only if related to a Rooted entity. IfcRoot is subdivided into three abstract concepts: object definitions, relationships, and property sets: - IfcObjectDefinition captures tangible object occurrences and types - IfcRelationship captures relationships among objects - IfcPropertyDefinition captures dynamically extensible properties of objects. The .XML format is a simplified spatial building model and also an alternative of .IFC files. It is a way to share data from an BIM model to other software that allows a multi-discipline analysis of the facility, such as structural, thermic, lighting ecc.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.1.1 BIM Dimensions: The BIM model goes beyond the normal 3 dimensional drawing typical of CAD approach. A BIM model suitably used can reach many levels of information such as: 2D / 3D: Typical drawing dimensions, it can produce 2D/3D drawings. The strength in those dimensions is that the software produces automatically drawings, changing in all view when the operator makes modifications to the model. - 4D: The fourth dimension represents time. This is fundamental in manager activity to make a time - plan, to manage all the phases, the build site organization and all the activities inside the process, such as accessibility, and avoid overlapping of different activities that could slow down the entire process. - 5D: The cost represents the fifth dimension, which permit to monitor all the resources needed, to make more precisely plans than in the traditional way, thanks also to an exact count of materials and the interaction with the fourth dimension in order to cross check timing and costs data. - 6D: Sustainability: This approach allows to cross check all the data present in the model and, by means off interoperability tools, to make energy simulation aimed to create different scenarios in order to reach the best project choice in terms of sustainability.

Exsisting conditions models: - Laser scanning - Safety & logistic models - Animations, renderings - BIM driven prefabircations - Laser accurate BIM drivern field layout

ESTIMATING - Real timeconceptual modeling and cost planning -Quantity extration to support detailed cost estimates - Trade verification from fabricaSCHEDULING tion models - Project phasing -Structural steel simulation -Mechani- Lean scheducal/plumbing ling: - Value enginereeng -Last planner -Visualizations -Just in time - What-if scenarios Equipment - Prefabrication delivers solutions - Detailed -Equipments room simulation - MEP systems installation -Multi-trade - Visual validaprefabrication tion for payment -Unique arch. and approval structural items.

BIM dimensions

SUSTAINABILITY - Conceptual energy analysis - Detailed energy analysis - Susteinable element tracking - LEED element tracking

FACILITY MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS: - Life cycle BIM strategies - BIM As-Built - BIM embedded manuals - BIM maintenance plans and technical support - BIM file hostling on lend Leaseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s digital exchange

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

- 7D: Facility Management: Last dimension, applicable to the whole lifecycle of the facility, to making maintenance programs, and to organizing all the activities related with the facility usage.

As described by Eselman, BIM dimensions are increasingly and theoretically infinite:“4D is a planning process to link the construction activities represented in time schedules with 3D models to develop a real-time graphical simulation of construction progress against time. Adding the 4th dimension ‘Time’ offers an opportunity to evaluate the build ability and work-flow planning of a project. Project participant can effectively visualize, analyze, and communicate problems regarding sequential, spatial and temporal aspects of construction progress. As a consequence, much more robust schedules, and site layout and logistic plans can be generated to improve productivity. Integrating the 5th dimension ‘cost’ to the BIM model generates the 5D model, which enables the instant generation of cost budgets and genetic financial representations of the model against time. This reduces the time taken for quantity take-off and estimation from weeks to minutes, improves the accuracy of estimates, minimizes the incidents for disputes from ambiguities in CAD data, and allows cost consultants to spend more time on value improvement. 6D allows extending the BIM for facilities management. The core BIM model is a rich description of the building elements and engineering services that provides an integrated description for a building. This feature together with its geometry, relationships and property capabilities underpins its use as a facilities management database. Incorporating sustainability components to the BIM model generates 7D models, which enable designers to meet carbon targets for specific elements of the project and validate the design decisions accordingly or test and compare different options. The 8th dimension incorporates safety aspects in both design and construction. In summary, BIM allows designers to more easily predict the performance of projects before they are built, respond to design changes faster, optimize designs with analyses, simulations and visualization, and deliver higher quality construction documentations. [9]”

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.1.2 History and BIM development: The representation in architectural engineering has changed along the last 50 years, passing from a hand-drawing character to the introduction of CAD system in the late seventies which changed a lot the way to produce drawings, thanks to those kind of softwares that allow to produce 2D and 3D drawings, CAD has two definitions: Computer aided Drafting defines the computer technology field which aims to provide models typically in 2D of the technical drawing which describes the object without being the object. Computer aided Design is the field in computer technology whose purpose it is to use software for the 2D or 3D representation in order to model the item which is the object of the job. The employment of CAD systems grew strongly between ‘70 and ‘80 when the designers realized that this tool would let them make more precise and accurate drawings in less time, and these files could be shared digitally. Anyway the result is always a 2D drawing mostly printed in a sheet of paper, where any actor involved works by himself in a individual way. BIM was introduced in 1975 by Charles M. Chuck Eastman who defined BIM as following: “Interactively defining elements deriving sections, plans, isometrics or prospectives from the same description of elements. Any change of arrangements would have to be made only once for all future drawings to be uploaded. All drawings derived from the same arrangement of elements would automatically be consistent any type of quantitative analysis could be coupled directly to the description, cost estimating or material quantities could be easily generated, providing a single integrated CEN/TC 442 Business Plan database for visual and quantitative analysis, automated Date: building 2017-11-22 code Page: 7 checking in city hall or the architect’s office. Contractors of large projects may find this representation advantageous for scheduling and material ordering. [10]”

BIM maturity scale [11] Figure 1 Bim Maturity Map

There are several current national BIM standardization projects and more will probably be seen as implementation increases. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what are the available standards including the implementation of existing ISO standards, from ISO/TC 59/SC 13 and ISO/TC 184/SC 4.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

A BIM software was developed and commercialized first in 1986 by Graphisoft, an Hungarian software house, a long before those kind of programs were defined as BIM by Jerry Laiserin in 2002. Their first software called Archicad. As shown in the previous picture, CAD systems stand at level 0 which means the representation is made by simply and basics tool, that create a 2D drawing. It is not a big change from the hand-drawing methodology. As is know their main weaknesses is the lack of coordination between the single drawings which increase costs by 25%. Level 1 basically represents the step from 2D to 3D modeling, leading to the first but still not coordinated BIM application. At the second level when passing from a 3D representation to a BIM model, which allows to bring together a great variety of information such as costs, quantities, codes, or any other parameter composed by an alphanumeric sequence. Using this kind of softwares, the application of this methodology with sharing strategies such as the British standard BS 1192 : 2007, the same one used in this thesis, permits a better coordination between the different designers and the different files, that should reduce waste by 50%. Fourth level is what is still under development, and represents the interoperability in a opens source manner, leading to a complete share using an on-line platform available and queryable by anyone. Its aim is to connect all the stakeholders creating a new kind of file independent from any software, and readable by anyone, that should allow a complete integrated process in a collaborative environment.

Drawings technical evolution [12]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.1.3 Elements, Families, Types and Istances: The BIM environment in Revit, that is the software used throughout the thesis, has a hierarchical structure to classify all the elements presents into the models. This hierarchical scale is to render possibile work at many levels, allowing a deeper degree of detail and a better management of informations presents in the model. The purpose of this classification of all elements present inside the BIM environment is manifold, and depends on what your model is oriented to. Any object present in a Revit file is hierarchically classified into: Elements, Families, Types and Instances. This division is fundamental because each object has his own parameters connected to each of those levels. - Categories or Elements: any object inside a project is split into categories. This is the first and biggest categorization, and includes all the object inside their own category, for example all the doors added in a project will stay under the same category independently from their dimensions, materials or any other characteristics. A door will always be categorized into the door Elements group. - Families: the division into families is the second approximation made to distinguish the elements. A family is a group of elements having a similar geometry, but what makes two elements belong to the same family are basically the properties of those items. Inside the same family some elements can have different values for some proprieties, but the set and the meaning of those properties are basically the same. There are three types of families. - System families: are completely defined by Revit developers. They are the families already present in the software. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not possible to delete those families but you can modify or create new families using the existing one as a base for the new ones, by simply doubling the original ones. - Loadable families: this kind of families usually are construction components such as windows, doors, furnitures that in the construction process are usually installed in the building as a finished item. They can also be system elements compositing installations as HVAC, plumbing or electrical items. This kind of family may be created or modified directly in Revit families editor. Unlike system families which are created by users and saved as .RSA file and loaded into a project.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

- In Place Families: are normally created directly inside the BIM model with the same tools of loadable families. Those families are widely used when you need a unique element in your project, and you do not expect to copy or reuse it. It is not possible to create more types from a In Place Family as happens with the previous two. - Type: is the sub-category of families. Types are defined by parameters. There can be several types of the same family, depending on the values of those parameters, families with equal values of equal parameters will be categorized in the same type. - Instance: is the last degree of detail in an element. It basically depends on from the place where the item is loaded. For example, instance parameter for a window will be the position of the window related to the wall that hosts the item.

Categories, Families, Types, Ista When creating a project, you add parametric elements to the building design. Revit classifies elements by categories, families, and types.

ARCHIVE

REVISION Cnn

CLIENT SHARED AREA

BS 1192:2007 standard, workflow representation. [18]

NOTE The suffices for the A and B suitabilities refer to the stages.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

The CDE was divided as is prescribed in the standard, generating four subfolders that are: 1- Work in Progress (WIP): This is the first folder, where the members of the project team upload their work while still working on it, before the approval by the coordinator, who has the responsibly to check the level reached by each actor and the quality of the work done. As is explained in the regulation: “The WIP area of the CDE is where members of the project team carry out their own work using their organization’s software systems. Whether the common repository or an organization’s in-house repository is used, the models and documents should employ a similar management process as that used for the total project. The organization is responsible for the quality of the WIP information and should ensure that appropriate checking and review processes are in place. [19]”

BS 1192:2007+A1:2015 1192:2007+A2:2016 BS 1192:2007 BS 1192:2007+A1:2015 BS 1192:2007 Figure Figure 2 Figure Figure 2

WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIP)and and issue for architects WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIP) shareprocess  process for model architects model WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIP)and and issue for architects WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIP) shareprocess  process for model architects model 

ARCHITECTURE WIP

 Check,Check, Review, Review, Approve Approve

ARCHITECTURE WIP SUITABILITY VERSION ARCH. GRID

SUITABILITY S0

VERSION P01.1

ARCH. ARCH. GRID WALLS

S0 S0

P01.1 P01.1

ARCH. ARCH. WALLS COLUMNS

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P01.1 P01.1

ARCH. COLUMNS

P01.1

BS 1192:2007 standard, WIP folder. [20]

 

4.2.3

SHARED

4.2.3

When the data dataisisSHARED SHAREDwith withthe theother othermembers members the project team, When the ofof the project team, SHARED text deleted  code updated Text deleted  the the revision code isis updated the data data is is checked checkedand and issued to the CDE andrevision the revision code is When the data dataisisSHARED SHAREDwith withthe theother othermembers members the project team, When the ofof the project team, to indicate major revision, P01. e.g. P01. updated toaindicate a majore.g. revision, Text to deleted  the code is updated the data data is is checked checkedand and issued the CDE andrevision the revision code is  for When aa model has ae.g. that is is “ When model hasreached reached astatus status that “fitsuitable for co-ordination” it to indicate major revision, P01. updated toaindicate a major revision, e.g. P01. the as SHARED areain of made available in co-ordination” it should be  should be uploaded to the SHARED area36of the CDE illustrated  for When aa model has reached a astatus that is is “ When model has reached status that “fitsuitable for co-ordination” it the CDE3.as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure made available in the as SHARED areain of co-ordination” it should be  should be uploaded to the SHARED area of the CDE illustrated NOTE 1 The SHARED area ensures: the CDE3.as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure • 1 sharing of dataarea in aensures: well-defined context; NOTE The SHARED

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

2 - Shared: The shared folder represents the second step in the sharing process. The files are moving into this folder only after approval by the coordinator, who verifies that the work is completed and was made following all the guidelines previously agreed. Thus, before moving in this folder, the file must be checked, reviewed and approved by the coordinator according to the requirements established at the beginning of the process. It’ mandatory that all the files in shared area must be unique. If, for example, a file present in this folder is downloaded and used as background information by others ,it should never be re-uploaded to save the information’s uniqueness. As is described in the regulations: “When the data is SHARED with the other members of the project team, the data is checked and issued to the CDE and the revision code is updated to indicate a major revision. 1192:2007+A2:2016 BS 1192:2007 1192:2007+A1:2015 BS When a model has reached a status that is “fit for co-ordination” it should be made available in Shared area of the CDE. [21]” Models that are downloaded by others (see Figure 4), should never be re-uploaded to the SHARED area. When a model is used as background information by others (see Figure 5), it is important to ensure that this does not result in information in models being duplicated. Therefore, a procedure should be agreed that ensures information occurs only once in the SHARED area (see Figure 6). Figure 3

Architects model uploaded from WIP for sharing

 ARCHITECTURE WIP

SHARED

SUITABILITY

REVISION

ARCH. GRID

P01

ARCH. WALLS

P01

ARCH. COLUMNS

P01

Check, Review, Approve WIP to SHARED

SUITABILITY

VERSION

ARCH. GRID

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ARCH. WALLS

P01.1

ARCH. COLUMNS

P01.1

 BS 1192:2007 standard, from WIP to Shared. [22] Architecture models checked, reviewed and approved within an internal review process and uploaded to the Architecture SHARED area.models checked, reviewed and approved within an internal review process and uploaded to the SHARED area. The WIP model version is changed to a revision. The WIP model version is changed to a revision. The models suitability is moved to “suitable for purpose”. The models suitability is moved to “fit for purpose”. In  for co-ordination”. In this this example examplethat thatisisS1 S1“ “fitsuitable for co-ordination”.

NOTE Any the project team can can use the modelmodel files forfiles reference or co-ordination. Other design NOTE Anymember memberofof the project team useshared the shared for reference or co-ordination. Other team members can reference  the latest versions of models from the SHARED area of area the CDE as CDE shownasinshown design team members can download the latest versions of models from the SHARED of the Figure 4. These reference models models can background information onto which the recipient can overlay in Figure 4. These download canbe beused usedasas background information onto which the recipient can their design information. This produces a clash avoidance process. overlay their design information.

Figure 4

co-ordination(S1), (S1), Only graphical models approved, suitable for coordination Architects models uploaded to another disciplines WIP area should be used as a reference.

d models to SHARED

VERSION

P01.1

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

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STRUCT. COLUMNS

ARCHITECTURAL COLUMNS REMOVED

Figure 7 Figure

REV/VER

P02.1

P01

3 - Published: All the files are moving into this folder basically after the client’s approval. This is the second approval step to be done, after the first one made by the project coordinator or the BIM manager, that allows to move from WIP Check Review Approve to SHAREDwho to Shared. At this point the authorization has to come from the WIP client checks the project and decides if approve it or not. If the client decides not to approve, the files to be changed have to go back to the Work in Progress (WIP) folder. As is explained in the BS 1192 : 2007: “Before information in the SHARED area of the CDE is made available to the wider project team, for example for tender or construction, it should be formally checked, approved and authorized. Suitable checking and approvals processes should be defined and applied. Once the document has been approved and authorized, the revision changes from “Preliminary” to “Contractual” [23]”.

the revision changes from “Preliminary” (Pn) to “Contractual” (Cn) (see 15.2.3).

ARCHITECTURE WIP

1. Introduction

Co-ordinated, reviewedand anduploaded uploaded models Co-ordinated, reviewed models issued sharedto the to the SHARED areaand andduplicate duplicate layers removed SHARED area information  removed

SUITABILITY

ARCH. GRID

ARCH. WALLS

ARCHITECTURE WIP

SUITABILITY

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

ARCH. COLUMNS

ARCH. GRID

ARCH. WALLS

STRUCT. COLUMNS

ct downloads, removes their duplicates and resubmits

stitution 2015

Check, Review, Approve

Concurrent upload and download reference Concurrentactivities activitieswith withcontinual continual upload and

BS 1192:2007 standard, published folder. [24]

At  stage completion drawing , all disciplines drawings, datafiles and from documentation  through extractions from model files the SHARED At predetermined predetermineddates dates, allordisciplines produce throughproduce extractions from model the SHARED area. This is checked, reviewed andfrom verified for area. This in is the checked, and  submitted for approval in the client authorization area. approval clientreviewed authorization area. On authorization, the drawings to be published and Textstored. deleted. authorization,the theclient clientallows allows the drawings to be published NOTE Once has been initiated andand the design teams continue development of the design a concurrent engineering environmentenvironment is establishediswith a Oncethe theprocess process has been initiated the design teams continue development of thedata design data a concurrent engineering established managed continuous reference  of shared as of illustrated in Figure 7. with a managed continuous download and data, upload shared data, as illustrated in Figure 7.

11 11

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction BS 1192:2007

4.2.5 ARCHIVE 4 - Archive: 1192:2007+A2:2016 BS 1192:2007+A1:2015 BS 1192:2007 A process should be put in place to enable the availability of This is the last step of the sharing process. This folder is thecontinued final destination BS to 1192:2007 the ARCHIVE area information (see Figure 9), subsequent the design of all the project files in order to guarantee availability of all information and construction phases the to support the following: 4.2.5 ARCHIVE necessary to permit following activities during allproject the information; life-cycle of the • history of the transfer of the 4.2.5 ARCHIVE A process should be put in place to enable the continued availability of facility: • change audits; theprocess ARCHIVE area information (see Figure 9), to the design should be put in place to enable the subsequent continued availability of - History of the transfer of Aand project informations construction phases to support the following: • asset area register; the ARCHIVE information (see Figure 9), subsequent to the design - Asset register and construction to support following: • the transfer of thethe project information; • history models;ofphases - Models history of the transfer of the project information; • audits; • change documents; - Documents change audits; e.g. Health and Safety file; • legal asset register; • purposes, - Legal purposes asset register; • operation models; • and maintenance information. - Operation e maintenance •informations models; documents; NOTE The ARCHIVE area of the CDE is for inactive or superseded - Change audits material in addition to the final signed-off “As Built” data and • documents; •

legal purposes, e.g. Health and Safety file;

documentation.

Figure 9

Figure 9 Figure 9

• legal purposes, e.g. Health and Safety file; operation and maintenance information. Audit trail, data, documents, asset and facility management • 1 The operation andarea maintenance TheARCHIVE ARCHIVE area of the CDE is or or superseded material NOTE of CDEinformation. isfor forinactive inactive superseded information held in ARCHIVE in additionintoaddition the final signed-off signed-off “Construction  and material to the final “As Record”. Built” data

NOTE The ARCHIVE area of the CDE is for inactive or superseded documentation. 2 addition For a serial the ARCHIVE be transferred into the client’s NOTE in material to client the final signed-offmay “As Built” data and Asset Information Model (AIM) for continued maintenance and update. documentation.

Audit trail, data, documents, asset and facility management information held documents, in ARCHIVEasset and facility management Audit trail, data, information held in ARCHIVE

BS 1192:2007 standard, complete workflow representation, archive folder. [25]

13 13

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

INTRODUCTION

.1 BIM INTRODUCTION .2 CASE STUDY .3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.2.1 The facility: - Location: The facility where we are operating is the Sanctuary of “Beata Vergine del Trompone”, that is located in Piedmont and more precisely in Vercelli province, 40 Km from Turin, in a tiny town named Moncrivello located in a flatland which is crossed by Dora Baltea river. This part of Piedmont is characterized by vast cultivation of rice and is situated close to one of the most important national highways and railway connection between Turin and Milan that are just a few km away. - The story: The sanctuary is located exactly in the place where the legend says that has taken place a apparition of the Madonna on 2nd April 1559, who made the miracle curing a woman (named Domenica Millianotto) who was hunchbacked, a stutterer and suffering from epileptics attacks. The miracle happened after that woman had seen the Madonna appear on top of a cut log usually called in the local dialect “trumpa” changed in “trompone” because of its big dimensions. After those events the place became famous as a holy place, and many people started to come here to be treated or to see the apparition. - First building “La Rotonda”: The first part of the whole complex was built in late 1563 and was terminated in 1568. “La Rotonda” is 22 meters high, with a 10 meters diameter covered by a wonderful dome surmounted and covered by a 20 sided lantern. Nowadays it is the central part of the church, but at the beginning was the only building present in this place, with its own facade, and represent the first sanctuary.

Trompone facility aerial photo. [26]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

- The Sanctuary construction: It was during 1594 when it was decided to build the sanctuary as we know it today. The project was entrusted to the engineer Melchiorre Piantino. One year later, in 1595, were built the structure’s foundations, that develop in a three naves church. The naves are divided by eight stones columns, and the original Rotonda was incorporated in the main church body, becoming the point of cross in the Christian cross shaped plant. The new facade is 20 meters high,15 meters wide, and anticipated by a front porch covering the entrance. The sanctuary has been consecrated on 13th October 1781 by bishop Gaetano Costa d’Arignano, and dedicated to the “Beata Vergine degli Angeli”. - The convent: On 21 September 1627, the complex was left under Francescan management. They started to welcome many pilgrims, and due this new function a further facility became needed where to welcome all those people. With this purpose, they started to build the convent whose construction took more than 20 years and was completely financed by faithfuls’ donations. The convent located beside the sanctuary has a square shaped plant with a big courtyard in the center, surrounded by a two-floors building where are located the accommodations for the pilgrims and for more than 20 friars.

Monumental facade photo.[27]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

- The Seminary: The last part of the whole complex was built in the late XIX century. More precisely construction started on 10th September 1881, after the facility had been expropriated and abandoned under a Napoleon’s Empire decision in 1802, then reused by the Cistercians for forty years. After that, the newly born Italian State had made a law in order to remove all religious congregations in 1855 and expropriated the facility once more, until it was finally re-bought by the Church in 1880. The entire facility was left under bishop Fissore’s control who established here the new seminary school, creating a new three floor building on the northern side of the complex. The new facility consists in two wings with monumental facades, which give stateliness to the entire complex. The new construction took 13 years also because of bishop Fissore’s death which occurred in 1889 and slowed down the building construction. - The new function, a Healthcare facility: The seminary was close in 1970, and has since assumed the still ongoing function as a healthcare institution under the auspices os Mons. Luigi Novarese who, in a certain way, wanted to restore the place to its origins since it had been here where the Miracle had occurred. Thus mons. Luigi Novarese founded “I Silenziosi operai della Croce”, a company established here in 1970, whose purpose is it to carry on the healthcare facility and take care of the unwell people. Nowadays the facility hosts many people, mainly people affected by serious motor-related disorder. The second floor hosts a residence for the elderly, and in the convent still live some priests. The last addition to the complex was made in 2006 and consist in a new healthcare facility built in front of the church. It is specialized in the recovery of people affected by motor-related disorder. The ground floor of the XIX century wing are also hosts some courses by the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.

Medical activities inside the facility. [28]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.2.2 State of art: BIM for healthcare facilities BIM approach is widely used in healthcare facilities, because of to the complexity of those buildings, and for the need they have to be continuously under control and to be checked with accuracy, because of the special environment required. Especially in a structure like Trompone, where patients are affected by serious disease, and need to stay always in a controlled environment. The use of BIM for this kind of facilities can be pretty useful. Thanks to the control of information, a better plan could be made for the facility management or manage some other aspects of the building, such as energy consumption, activities organization, actually to control any aspect of the building during the life-cycle. Of course this approach is also important during the design stages. As already described, it brings many advantages such as : saving times thanks to a detailed 3 dimensional project of all elements in order to avoid clash between construction items. Thanks to the seven dimensions of BIM methodology described in the previous chapter, in order to control construction organization in construction phase focused on saving time trough planning every activity in building site, predicting costs and managing sustainability in terms of energy balance. To better understand the potential of BIM approach in designing and managing healthcare facilities were studied some cases, two developed in Italy in Ferrara University and in Rome University â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Sapienzaâ&#x20AC;?, one by University of Western Australia and Chongqing University in China, and others in Sweden where was built the biggest hospital completely designed in BIM, and another case in USA. - The first case treated about the modeling in BIM environment of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi of Florence. This project is included in a larger one called STREAMER that is an industry-driven collaborative research project on Energy efficient Buildings, whose aim is it to reduce energy use in healthcare districts in EU by 50% in the next 10 years, by involving all the stakeholders in the process using BIM-GIS technology. The facility in this case was built at the beginning of 20th century and has been subject to many interventions during the past century. The project consists in three principal purposes: Renovation of the buildings, reorganization of the transportation network inside and outside the hospital area and to reduce the number of buildings merging university research and hospital activities [29]. The objectives achieved in this research work are: - Understanding the energy consumption in one of the complex buildings. - Modeling the oldest building in BIM environment to evaluate the way to intervene - The development of a district plan finalized to planning and managing 46

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

energy production. This research showed it is possible to save a considerable amount of money (over a million per year in energy saving), considering the size of the facility, and the number of actors populating this place daily such as patients, doctors, nurses, employers, visitors ecc. All those simulations have been possible thanks to the BIM methodology creating different scenarios useful to evaluate the best strategy to reach the sustainability goal. - The second case of BIM methodology applied to a healthcare facility was developed by the Department of civil engineering of University “La Sapienza” in Rome. This research article is focused on a low impact healthcare facility project. According to the American standards, the building operations are classified in accordance with the kind of work and the generation of dust, interruption of services, level of noise ecc; all these factors can disturb firstly the patients then all the actors in the hospital’s day-life. Another classification by wards, is based on the level of vulnerability of the patients. The matrix between previous classifications permits to identify any situation possible inside a construction site within a healthcare facility [30]. The second step was to identify all the activities and behaviors of all the actors in the healthcare facility and in the construction site and to compare them in order to avoid any interference between the activities. This purpose of this research is to define a common strategy between the actors of a construction site within a healthcare facility, through providing an integrated model for simulation in order to reduce the possibility of clash between the activities and to support all the professional actors of both environments in a constantly increase of cases of renovation or new constructions in existing healthcare facilities. - A very important aspect regarding the use of BIM related to healthcare facilities is the Facility Management. To elaborate this field, two research articles by Webb school of Construction, Arizona State University in USA, and a partnership research between Curtin University of Western Australia and Chongquing University of China, were examined that have the purpose to understand which are the information required for correct Facility Management for healthcare facility, beginning with a correct exchange of information between all the actors involved, and ending with streamlining the information flow. It appears clear that most common fails in the process happen during information exchange between the phases of the project. Basically, this is due to the complexity and great quantity of information needed to make a FM in a complex facility like an hospital. The Facility manager’s task is to organize all that informations, to find a correct way to share all the data between the actors and to make an 47

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

inter-operable BIM model oriented to a FM. The data required are divided into three categories: Attributes data, Portfolio and documents [31]. The FM is mostly used for the maintenance of the facility, to detect and program the ordinary maintenance in order to avoid critical situations due to the absence of an upkeep plan, and to organize all the activities in a complex public building such as cleaning service, maintenance service ecc. Another strength of this approach lies in the monitoring of energy use, that becomes widely used especially in public facilities such as healthcare buildings where the energy consumption is one of the biggest points in the economic balance. A practical example is included in the second article where the research group made a BIM model based on existing drawings of the Shanghai Disaster Tolerance Center oriented to make a FM plan, where for example a reciprocating compressor sited in the basement floor has to be changed. The FM plan developed shows what is the best path to reach the item, that allows the operator to take the quickest and the most save way in order to reduce times and risks in an normal maintenance intervention. This is just an example of how the potential of the data included in a BIM model could be used in a maintenance activity [32]. - The last article included in my research work refers to the biggest healthcare facility BIM model ever built, the New Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. This huge project obtained an overall investment of 3 billion $. It has over 320.000 square meters, with 12000 rooms and 35 operating theaters. Since the building site of this enormous structure was right beside an existing hospital and university research center, the high noise level an the great quantity of dust that could affect patients and employees of the existing facilities represented a major problem. The main task required by the Swedish government was to create a BIM model that could be used during all the life-cycle of the building for different tasks. After all, the model contains over one million items, each one with key attributes and precise location. Of course the model developed was not useful just in the design phase but was thought to be used during all the life of the building. For example the project includes 29 automated guides vehicles to connect the different parts of the facility to deliver medical supplies, clean sheets ecc. The staff will be informed of the delivery via their mobile devices, and BIM is used as address book to accomplish this new futuristic function. Also the transports used to materials delivery where scheduled using BIM with the aim to reduce transport traffic around the building site, using hybrid and lower-emission trucks according to Skanska Green Site protocol. As said before, to avoid disruption of normal activities in the existing Karolinska hospital and to make all the process faster, several prefabricated parts were used. Just consider for example the 740 bathroom pods completely prefabricated, transported in sealed containers to 48

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

the local storage and brought on site “just in time” to be placed, also this aspect was completely managed using BIM. Obviously BIM method required higher investments and additional time in design phase that will be repaid if. We consider all the life-cycle of the facility, including the management and the effect on the environment considering that is also a gold LEED rated building, that allows to save more than 65% of energy using technological supplies and renewable energy coming from geothermal system. First projections show that the new hospital will consume around 110 Kwh/sqm, thus 40% less then other comparable facilities. This example represents surely one of the best results obtained using BIM in a healthcare facility, it is not only the biggest project ever realized in this field, it also shows how to manage a high level complexity facility during the pre-design phase and the entire life-cycle as well as the facility management plan. BIM approach results really useful only if planned and applied at every single phase right from the beginning with a shared method involving all the actors [33]. Those five articles were selected between severals ones that had been read, because they treat different focuses of the BIM use in healthcare facilities worldwide. They witnesses how useful can be BIM approach in high complex buildings such as hospitals, but also show how sensible those kind of buildings are, due to the critical conditions of the patients who often suffer serious disease, and with regard to the needs of all the actors involved in a building process in a healthcare district to continue work under conditions that ensure patients’ and workers’ health.

New Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm [34]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.2.3 BIM for Health a working group: BIM for Health is a thesis working group born in September 2017, inside “Drawing TO the Future” office in DISEG (Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering) of Politecnico di Torino, with the aim to write a master thesis on BIM, related with an healthcare facility like Trompone. The first step was to create a photographic and metrical survey of the facility that was previously divided into five parts which are the RSA (the monumental ‘800 part) and the park behind, the sanctuary with the convent, the winter garden, the green house and the east wing used as storage. Each component of the group modeled a part with the purpose to create a coordinated federated model in order to have a base model to work on. Because of some trouble occurred during the job, the process did not follow a theoretically perfect path. For example, everyone had to begin modeling before receiving the photogrammetric survey, due the need to start working considering that we received the complete survey only three months after the beginning date when someone in the group had already finish his thesis. This caused many errors in the final model, which will be discuss in the next fully dedicated chapter about the usage of point clouds in federate BIM model. Anyway, the group was originally composed by five people, everyone with different focus to be developed, such as the project of the winter garden inside the courtyard with the related focus on construction management, or the new Alzheimer wing project with the augmented reality focus, or the LEED certification for the sanctuary part to be achieved adopting BIM methodology. These are just a few examples of what the group has done and is still doing with other students who have joined the original group after the first phase. This to introduce the first real step of this thesis, the modeling phase of a historical building also called HBIM. It is widely known that BIM softwares are not developed to model historical buildings characterized by elements unusual in contemporary architecture such as arcs, vaults, columns and decoration parts, and it’s easy to understand that many of those items were present in a historical facility like Trompone Sanctuary which is a six centuries old complex. For that reason, many items were shaped in an simplified way, in accordance with the goal established at the beginning because, as is explained in the previous chapter, one of the most important things in BIM pre-design phase is to decide which is the LOD (Level Of Detail and Level Of Development) to use in accordance with the goal to be achieved. Modeling every item with the highest level of detail is often a waste of time 50

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

and resources, and it results useless most of times. Thus, the first common aim was to create a federate model using linked models in a shared coordination system in a way that, when we joined all the models in the federated one they all went into the right position with the right orientation. All those sharing phases were created on an online platform such as Dropbox following the indications of British standard 1192:2007. While following the indications provided by the British Standard we committed some errors due to our lack of experience in this field, (for most of us this was the first approach to BIM), errors we tried to figure out as our experience grew and we gained more consciousness.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

INTRODUCTION

.1 BIM INTRODUCTION .2 CASE STUDY .3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.3.1BIM for 4D an overview: The fourth dimension of a BIM project represents time and, applied to a construction process, more precisely represents the time needed to do all the tasks required to complete a construction. Anyway, project management is not limited to construction industries but can be applied to any kind of product. Many people have tried to give a definition to project management. Maybe the first one was Oisen in ‘50: “Project Management is the application of a collection of tools and techniques (such as the CPM and matrix organization) to direct the use of diverse resources toward the accomplishment of a unique, complex, one-time task within time, cost and quality constraints. Each task requires a particular mix of theses tools and techniques structured to fit the task environment and life cycle(from conception to completion) of the task. [35]” Another definition is provided by the UK Association of Project Manager (APM): “The planning, organization, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all involved to achieve the project objectives safely and within agreed time, cost and performance criteria. The project manager is the single point of responsibility for achieving this” [36]. In construction industry project management represents a really powerful tool for designers and generally for any stakeholder involved in the process. This aspect that nowadays represent a weaknesses because most of the times it is redacted in an inaccurate way due to leak of data between the model commonly made by 2D drawings and time-line of the tasks. The time-line in Italy is still not mandatory for any new construction. It is required only for public works of a high degree of complexity and is regulated by decree Art 40 DPR_207/2010, perhaps because the importance of this tool is still not deeply understood. This powerful tool goes beyond the typical quantity and cost report, because by managing time is it possible to have a complete control and a whole overview of the entire process. Of course 4th and 5th dimensions are strictly connected, because costs depend on the time, and the timing depends on many elements such as: number of employees, tools and construction techniques used, ecc. Due to the peculiar characteristics of a building site, that are steadily changing, it is necessary to have a dynamic representation that allows the designer to better understand which could be critical issues and prevent them.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM is commonly used in design, but owners and contractors increasingly ask for models for subsequent phases, such as construction or maintenance, in the form of facility management . In this scenario, 4D is the first step to improve the BIM model, by adding the fourth dimension, i.e. timing applied to a construction process. This allows to manage not only the pure time dimension, but software like Autodesk Navisworks permits to navigate the complex model with regard to clash detection, in order to unveil possible causes of interferences between items, to organize and manage the operations in the construction site. Basically the fourth dimension can be resumed in the following four points: - Identification and resolution of interferences between all the stakeholders involved in the process. The use of 4D applied a building project can involve different figures with different tasks. One of the main purposes is to connect all of them and to find a common language in order to make an integrated project, where is considered the designing phase passing trough a time-line redaction. - Planning and designing of a 4D model that allows to make simulations in order to avoid spacial and temporal interferences in terms of organization of the tasks aimed at avoiding overlapping; designing the building site take consciousness of the spacial limits within which to operate; to assure feasibility; to make possible dynamic checking of the process progress; to control if deadlines are respected. - The possibility to use the building information model to make also a 5D project using the quantity estimation made in BIM environment implemented by the time dimension, and the work estimation to have a complete overview of costs thanks to the integrated project. All of those previous points were faced in this thesis. Obviously many tasks require specific knowledge, and many efforts. Usually, they are made by a working group that includes different professional actors. In a real situation the main challenge is to create a common strategy to be followed by all the components of the working group. They must follow an integrated process where the model can present a extremely high level of complexity in order to exploit the real strength of BIM. This said, the project treated in this thesis is a little structure composed mainly by prefabricated items, and represents a low level of complexity.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.3.2 WBS (Work Breakdown Structure): The WBS is a list of all the tasks to be carried out within a project. It is a powerful tool for the project manager, aimed at identifying all the activities on site. It helps understand all the sub-tasks, and to represent them in a hierarchical and easily readable way. The WBS creates a relationship between the final product, in this case a winter garden project, and all the tasks to be carried out in order to accomplish the final artefact. One of the fundamental principles that regulates the WBS is the 100% rule. It says that100% of the activities and the works must be included in the WBS, be they internal or external to the final product. All activities must be mentioned. This rule applies to every degree of the hierarchical representation. Secondary tasks should represent 100% of the main task that includes them. It is important to focus on the level of detail of the WBS, to understand which is the highest point of detail of the tasks sub-division, because if the items are too small and to many it will be difficult to track them, especially if are planned for a far future. An efficient method may be using the progressive elaboration, which consist in developing the most detailed parts of the WBS just before the work begin. The WBS for building industry is regulated in many countries, all of them proposing a different hierarchical classification of many categories, that could be not only constructive elements, but also activities, management process, spaces, ecc. All of them can be useful to recognize and classify an entity in a construction process, from the preliminary phase until the dismissal. In the following pages some of those standards that regulate the building construction industry are analyzed in order to understand the differences between the classification systems most commonly used worldwide, which includes Uniformat, Uniclass, Masterclass, Masterformat and the Italian standard UNI 8290. Some of them were created or upgraded recently, to new design standards and basically to be better used by BIM softwares. For example, italian UNI 8290 is from eighties and it is obviously not thought to be used by new design softwares, and it is also result obsolete for representing the actual construction industry.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

UNI 8290: UNI 8290 is an Italian standard released by UNI, the Italian standard organization,. It was released for the first time in 1983, in order to divide all construction elements into a three-level hierarchical classification, respectively: Class of technology units, technology units and class of technical elements. The standard was thought to be extensible by adding two further levels. Anyway, in the original version are present only the three levels already mentioned above. The decomposition of a building complex into its components is made in a hierarchical way, beginning from a biggest grouping called Class of technology units which in turn are decomposed into there smallest parts. Trough this classification is it possible to identify the technical elements and to understand which field they come from. This is useful in creating a table of codes aimed at making analytic estimations, and to create a hierarchical decomposition of the entire complex also called WBS, where it is possible to list all the tasks required to accomplish a building project. This kind of information is very useful together with BIM, that is the easiest way to obtain a 4D and 5D project. Applying those codes to items contained in BIM environment that could store much information in any elements in form of parameters, they can be used in project management, cost analysis.

UNI 8290 excerpt [37]

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Masterformat: Masterformat is a standard for information classification related to building industry, developed in the USA and Canada respectively by CSI (Construction Specification Institute) and CSC (Construction Specification Canada) with the aim to classify information related to facilities constructions and maintenance. It was released for the first time in 1995 when it contained 16 tables. The standard was upgraded in 2004 expanding from 16 to 50 divisions, then ® 2016 – Numbers and Titles MasterFormat April 2016 each division was split in many sections. 02 24 00

Environmental Assessment

02 24 13

Natural Environment Assessment

02 24 23 02 24 43

Chemical Sampling and Analysis of Soils Transboundary and Global Environmental Aspects Assessment

02 25 16

Existing Concrete Assessment

02 25 19

Existing Masonry Assessment

02 25 23

Existing Metals Assessment

02 25 26 02 25 29

Existing Wood, Plastics, and Composites Assessment Existing Thermal and Moisture Protection Assessment

02 24 13.13 02 24 13.43 02 24 13.73

02 25 00

02 25 16.13 02 25 19.13 02 25 23.13

Air Assessment Water Assessment Land Assessment

Existing Material Assessment

Concrete Assessment Drilling Masonry Assessment Drilling Welding Investigations

02 25 29.13 02 25 29.23

Waterproofing Investigations Roofing Investigations

02 26 23 02 26 26 02 26 29 02 26 33

Asbestos Assessment Lead Assessment Polychlorinated Biphenyl Assessment Biological Assessment

02 26 00

02 26 33.13

Hazardous Material Assessment

Mold Assessment

02 26 36 Hazardous Waste Drum Assessment Masterformat excerpt [38]

02 30 00

Subsurface Investigation

02 31 00 Geophysical Investigations 02 31 13 Seismic Investigations As we see, the four-level classification in Masterformat is very close to the 02 one 31 16already Gravity InvestigationsIt is still composed by a series of couples of previous explained. 02 31 19 Magnetic Investigations numbers that in a hierarchical way the item or the activity present 02 31 23 define Electromagnetic Investigations 02 31 26 Electrical Resistivity Investigations in a building process. 02 31 29 Magnetotelluric Investigations The difference between Masterformat and the others standards is that 02 32 00 Geotechnical Investigations Masterformat in and a unique 02 32 13 i compressed Subsurface Drilling Sampling table, whereas Omniclass and 32 16split in Material Testing Uniclass02are multiple tables that represent the first division in those 02 32 19 Exploratory Excavations standards. 02 32 23 Geotechnical Monitoring Before Construction 02 32 23.13

02 40 00 02 41 00

02 41 13

02 41 13.13 02 41 13.23 02 41 13.33

02 41 16

02 41 16.13 02 41 16.23 02 41 16.33

Groundwater Monitoring Before Construction

Demolition and Structure Moving Demolition

Selective Site Demolition Paving Removal Utility Line Removal Railtrack Removal

Structure Demolition

Building Demolition Tower Demolition Bridge Demolition

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Omniclass: Omniclass is a very useful tool to store information about buildings and projects. It was created in North America where it is widely used. It can be adopted during the whole building life-cycle, from the designing phase to the dismissal. Omniclass was thought to include all the construction levels of detail, and for any destination, industrial, residential or commercial. It is composed by 15 tables, each one treating a different kind of information, and anyone could be used separately from the others depending on the kind of information required. The 15 tables are: - 11 Construction function - 12 Forms - 13 Spaces by function - 14 Spaces by form - 21 Elements - 22 Works results - 23 Products - 31 Phases - 32 Services - 33 Disciplines - 34 Roles - 35 Tools - 36 Informations - 41 Materials - 49 Properties The classification of any set of tables can be used individually to identify an element, or several of those codes can be joined to identify a more complex item. As explained directly in the standard: â&#x20AC;&#x153;The scope of OmniClass is designed to encompass objects at every scale through the entire built environment, from completed structures, vast projects, and multi-structure complexes to individual products and component materials. It is designed to address all forms of construction, vertical and horizontal, industrial, commercial and residential. In a break from many of the systems that have preceded it, Omniclass also addresses actions, people, tools and informations that are used or take part in the design, construction, maintenance and occupancy of these facilities [39]â&#x20AC;?.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

OmniClassâ&#x201E;˘

OmniClass Number

Table 13 - Spaces b

Level 1 Title

13-25 19 00

Level 2 Title

Restricted Spaces

13-25 23 00

Refuge Spaces

Education and Training Spaces

13-31 13 00 13-31 13 11

A recess in a vertical wall plane that contains an access and egress to a tenant area, or amenity area, or building service area. Space that is normally available for use but is set aside by regulatory authority, such as clear space requirements for electrical closets. An enclosed space that is protected from the effects of fire permitting a delay in required egress travel time. Space used for education.

Breakout Space

A space associated with a classroom or training room that is designated for discussions, side meetings, and breaks.

Lecture and Classroom Spaces

Spaces used for classes, lectures, symposiums, and speeches.

Lecture Classroom

13-31 13 13

Classrooms (age 9 plus)

13-31 13 15

Classrooms (ages 5â&#x20AC;&#x201C;8)

13-31 13 17

Lecture Hall (Fixed Seats)

13-31 13 19

Assembly Hall

13-31 13 21 13-31 15 00

13-31 15 11

Definition A portion of a floor required for access to some subdivision of the floor, that does not serve all occupants on a floor, and is not defined as primary circulation Space.

Door Set-Back

13-25 21 00

13-31 11 00

Level 4 Title

Secondary Circulation Spaces

13-25 19 11

13-31 00 00

Level 3 Title

A room in which teaching or learning activities can take place. A room in which teaching or learning activities can take place for older children, ages 9 and over. A room in which teaching or learning activities can take place for younger children, ages 8 and younger. A large room used for instruction, typically at a college or university, with a capacity in the hundreds. A hall where many students and teachers can congregate.

Seminar Room

A space for conducting a course offered for a small group of advanced students. A space used primarily for formally or regularly scheduled instruction that require special purpose equipment or a specific space configuration for student participation, experimentation, observation, or practice in an academic discipline.

Open Class Laboratory

An educational space that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed for teaching purposes.

Class Laboratories

13-31 15 11 11

Physics Teaching Laboratory

An educational laboratory space for teaching physics through hands on experimentation and demonstration.

13-31 15 11 13

Astronomy Teaching Laboratory

An educational laboratory space for teaching astronomy through hands on experimentation and demonstration. May require a planetarium and rooftop observation platforms.

13-31 15 13

Omniclass excerpt [40] 13-31 15 15

Research/non-class Class Laboratory

A space used for laboratory experimentation, research, or training in research methods; professional research and observation; or structured creative activity within a specific program or for sponsored research.

Laboratory Service Space

A space that directly serves one or more class laboratories as an extension of the activities in those spaces.

Here is shown a part of table number 13 (spaces by functions). It is possible 13-31 17 00 Spaces to see how similar itTraining is to the Uniclass. The code is composed by couples of numbers, beside the item name and a short description. In this case is specified the space name and a description of the activities expected National Standard 2012-05-16 inside . Space that is similar in configuration to a classroom but which contains specialized equipment or machinery used as part of a specific training activity.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Uniclass 2015: Uniclass is an English format, published for the first time in 1997. It covers a large range of any kind of classification in construction industry. It was strongly modified in 2015 and called Uniclass 2 or Uniclass 2015. It was modified basically to make it more usable by new architectural and engineering methodology and technologies such as BIM. The new structure also allows to modify the tables and improve them, adding new voices in accordance with future new adds due to technology improvements [41], it provides: - Unified classification system - Hierarchical chart suite - Decimal classification system - ISO 12006-2 Compatible system The tables are organized in order to define each item in a detailed hierarchical way. They are divided into eleven tables: - Activities - Complexes - Elements - Entities (by shape) - Entities (by function) - Project phases - Construction products - Spaces - Systems - Work results - CAD All those tables identify items, spaces or activities assigning a code to each of them. The code consists in couples of decimal numbers. The first couple define the general group which own the item, until reaching the sub-group where are specified the attributes of the selected element. -

SS_30 Roof, floor and paving systems SS_30_10 Pitched, arched and domed roof structure systems SS_30_10_30 Framed roof structure systems SS_30_10_30_25 Heavy steel roof framing systems

The one above is an example of a roof classification, beginning from a general horizontal building system as a roof or a floor, reaching the highest

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Uniclass 2015 excerpt [42]

level of detail and defining what kind technology system and which material is used in the selected item. Here is shown a excerpt of Uniclass from System table, which shows the entire code in the first column. It is composed by all the couples of numbers present in the following columns representing respectively Group, Subgroup, section and sub-section. The last column shows a short description.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Uniformat II: Uniformat II is a standard method to organize and classify information related to a building process, it was created in 1997 jointly with ASMT, CSI and CSC [43]. The criteria of Uniformat are: - Hierarchical classifications structure. - Content chosen by sector operators in base of high incidence of costs. Uniformat is a classification based on three levels: the first one includes the main object categories families such as foundations, partitions, enclosures ecc. The second level represent a decomposition of the first one in subgroups, the third one specifies the objects present in the previous one. In the latest version was introduced a fourth level with the deepest degree of detail. ASTM Uniformat II Classification for Building Elements (E1557-97) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Major Group Elements Group Elements Individual Elements A

SUBSTRUCTURE

SHELL

A10

Foundations

A20

Basement Construction

B10 Superstructure B20 Exterior Enclosure B30 Roofing

INTERIORS

C10 Interior Construction C20 Stairs C30 Interior Finishes

SERVICES

D10 Conveying D20 Plumbing

D30 HVAC

Uniformat II excerpt [44]

D40 Fire Protection

D50 Electrical

E EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS

E10 Equipment

64 E20

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION

Furnishings

F10 Special Construction

A1010 A1020 A1030 A2010 A2020 B1010 B1020 B2010 B2020 B2030 B3010 B3020 C1010 C1020 C1030 C2010 C2020 C3010 C3020 C3030 D1010 D1020 D1090 D2010 D2020 D2030 D2040 D2090 D3010 D3020 D3030 D3040 D3050 D3060 D3070 D3090 D4010 D4020 D4030 D4090 D5010

D5020 D5030 D5090 E1010 E1020 E1030 E1090 E2010 E2020 F1010 F1020 F1030

Standard Foundations Special Foundations Slab on Grade Basement Excavation Basement Walls Floor Construction Roof Construction Exterior Walls Exterior Windows Exterior Doors Roof Coverings Roof Openings Partitions Interior Doors Fittings Stair Construction Stair Finishes Wall Finishes Floor Finishes Ceiling Finishes Elevators & Lifts Escalators & Moving Walks Other Conveying Systems Plumbing Fixtures Domestic Water Distribution Sanitary Waste Rain Water Drainage Other Plumbing Systems Energy Supply Heat Generating Systems Cooling Generating Systems Distribution Systems Terminal & Package Units Controls & Instrumentation Systems Testing & Balancing Other HVAC Systems & Equipment Sprinklers Standpipes Fire Protection Specialties Other Fire Protection Systems Electrical Service & Distribution Lighting and Branch Wiring Communications & Security Other Electrical Systems Commercial Equipment Institutional Equipment Vehicular Equipment Other Equipment Fixed Furnishings Movable Furnishings Special Structures Integrated Construction Special Construction Systems

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Comparison: Examination of these five standards was made basically in order to have an overview of the systems of classification in building industry. That is the base to understanding and starting a classification work in accordance with the main aim of this thesis. It became necessary to make some comparison between the standards, including in a table of the attributes present in all standards. What emerged was that the most complete standard is Omniclass that includes all categories, not only in one table, but it is possible to have a multiple comparison between tables in order to obtain a more complex code able to represent an item in all its characteristics. Uniformat II like MasterFormat and UNI 8290 have just show the category identification, with their three degrees of specification, beginning from the more general one leading to a more specified item but still standing in a Uniformat II Classification for Building Elements (E1557-97) generalASTM category definition. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Masterformat instead defines the typology of the item. One example Major Group Elements Group Elements Individual Elements for better understanding: A10 in UniFormat II an exterior wall Foundations is defined at Foundations A1010 Standard A SUBSTRUCTURE A1020 Special Foundations the maximum level of detail as an “exterior wall”A1030 being part of “exterior Slab on Grade A20 Basement Constructionas shown: A2010 Basement Excavation enclosure” and before in “shell” category A2020 Basement Walls B1010 Floor Construction B1020 Roof Construction B20 Exterior Enclosure B2010 Exterior Walls B2020 Exterior Windows B2030 Exterior Doors B30 Roofing B3010 Roof Coverings B3020 Roof Openings C10 Interior Construction C1010 Partitions C INTERIORS Uniformat II excerpt [45] C1020 Interior Doors C1030 Fittings Instead, Omniclass givesC20usStairsmore detailed definition, having many C2010 Stair Construction C2020 Stair Finishes possibilities to define a exterior wall in base of the typology of the C30 Interior Finishes C3010 Wall Finishes C3020 of Floor Finishes construction. This difference represent an higher level definition in terms C3030 Ceiling Finishes ofD detailing. D10 Conveying D1010 Elevators & Lifts SERVICES D1020 Escalators & Moving Walks D1090 Other Conveying Systems D20 Plumbing D2010 Plumbing Fixtures D2020 Domestic Water Distribution D2030 Sanitary Waste D2040 Rain Water Drainage D2090 Other Plumbing Systems D30 HVAC D3010 Energy Supply D3020 Heat Generating Systems D3030 Cooling Generating Systems D3040 Distribution Systems Uniclass 2015 excerpt [46] D3050 Terminal & Package Units D3060 Controls & Instrumentation The same comparison can be made with other standards such as UNI 8290 D3070 Systems Testing & Balancing D3090 Other HVAC Systems & or Masterformat where the degree of detailing is the same as Masterformat, Equipment it defines just the typologyD40 of the selected item. D4010 Sprinklers Fire Protection D4020 Standpipes D4030 Fire Protection Specialties D4090 Other Fire Protection Systems D50 Electrical D5010 Electrical Service & Distribution D5020 Lighting and Branch Wiring D5030 Communications & Security D5090 Other Electrical Systems E10 Equipment E1010 Commercial Equipment E EQUIPMENT & E1020 Institutional Equipment FURNISHINGS E1030 Vehicular Equipment 65 E1090 Other Equipment E20 Furnishings E2010 Fixed Furnishings E2020 Movable Furnishings F10 Special Construction F1010 Special Structures F SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION F1020 Integrated Construction & DEMOLITION F1030 Special Construction Systems B

SHELL

B10 Superstructure

OmniClass ™

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study OmniClass ™ OmniClass Number

Level 1 Title

Level 2 Title

Level 3 Title

Level Table 6 Title 21 - Elements Level 7 Title 1. Introduction

Level 4 Title

Level 5 Title

23-13 19 11 11 11 23-13 19 11 11 13

OmniClass 23-13 19 11 11 15 23-13Number 19 11 11 17

Level 1 Title

Level 2 Title Exterior Vertical Enclosures

21-02 2011 11 19 23-13 19 23-13 19 11 13 23-13 19 15 21-02 201110 23-13 19 21-02 201310 10 23-13 19 13 11

Thin Wood Sheets

Level 3 Title

Level 4 Title

Thin Rubber Sheets

Textiles

Mesh for General Use Exterior Walls Exterior Wall Veneer

23-13 19 13 11 11

Exterior Wall Construction Solid Stone Sheets

23-13 19 13 11 13 21-02 20 10 30

Cementitious Sheets ExteriorSolid Wall Interior Skin

23-13 19 11 40 17 21-02 201310

Solid Glass Sheets Fabricated Exterior Wall Solid Metal Sheets Assemblies Solid Wood Based Sheets Parapets

23-13 19 13 11 15

Solid Mineral Sheets

23-13 19 13 11 19

23-13 19 11 50 21 21-02 201310 23-13 19 11 60 23 21-02 201310

Solid Plastic Sheets Equipment Screens

23-13 19 13 11 25

Solid Resin Sheets

Exterior Wall Solid Fiberglass Sheets Supplementary Hollow Core Sheets Components Hollow Core Sheets ExteriorWood WallBased Opening Mineral Hollow Core Sheets Supplementary Components Metal Hollow Core Sheets 22-08 50 00 Exterior Windows

21-02 20 10 80 23-13 19 13 11 27 23-13 19 13 13 23-13 19 13 13 11 21-02 20 10 90 23-13 19 13 13 13 23-13 19 13 13 15

21-02 20 20 Omniclass excerpt [47] 23-13 19 13 13 17

Plastic Hollow Core Sheets

21-02 201520 10 23-13 19

Blankets, Quilts

21-02 20 20 20 23-13 21 00

Blocks and Bricks

21-02 20 20 30

Exterior Special Function

Concrete Masonry Units Windows Concrete Blocks

OmniClass™ 23-13 21 11 11

21-02 20 50 23-13 21 11 13 Level 1 Title

Level 2 Title

21-02 201150 23-13 21 19 20 49-71 11 11 31

equipment capacities. Exterior

23-13 21 21-02 201350 70

Shape Properties

Exterior Doors inspection as good output. Oversize Prefaced Concrete Masonry Units Marble Stone

quantity(Magnesia) of Doors items used or collected to analyze Periclase SoundThe Absorbing Concrete Masonry Units a trend

Shape

Clay Masonry Units

Fire Clay

Bentonite

Describes the shape and form of an object, usually with Face Bricks Expanded Clay

Fire

Modular Hand - Left or Right

respect to mathematical shapes. Bricks Describes the characteristics of an item that can be used toVermiculite form other items, usually part of a larger assembly.

Glazed Bricks

23-13 21 19 21 41-30 10 25 13

Expanded Vermiculite Ceramic Glazed Masonry Units shape 1. The altering Clay or modifying of a product's to ensure

Ceramic

23-13 21 19 23

proper use or application based on the operator's 2. Door

Clay Tile dominant or preferred hand, eye, or ear.

handedness: The direction a door swings based on user Structural Clay Tiles

location (inside or outside of a room) and the location of an object that is not superposable on its mirror image. Brick

Clay Flue Linings the handle. 3. Chemical handedness (Chirality):

23-13 21 19 25

Marble which is used in products that benefit from a polished appeara

22-08 00is used in less demanding ways such as walls and colum Marble30 which

Describes the geometric layout or configuration of an National Standard 2012-05-16 Common Bricks object.

Geometry

22-08 10 00

Properties that describe the geometric shape of components. Describes the physical layout or configuration of an item.

Adobe Masonry Units Clay

41-30 23-1310 2125 19111917 11 49-71 15 19

Naturally occurring rock usually found in marble produced by metamo limestones. Sandstone that has been heated through pressure often as a result of compression. A rock derived originally derived from shale or other clay like materials A mixture of substances that forms an adhesive.

A malleable substance resulting from the weathering of rocks and oth long periods of time. A type of clay used in creation of ceramics and fire brick.

Page 6/32

A type of clay formed from volcanic ash, used in industrial purposes.

Clay that has been heated to make it more permeable, durable and be insulation. A type of clay that expands when heat is applied. Typically used in au linings, soil conditioning, and roofing. Vermiculite to which heat has been applied and has expanded past its

A substance made solid by heating and then cooling, typically used in pottery and other decorative means, but has gained popularity as a bin other materials in recent years. Also used in semiconductors.

Typically bound with mortar, brick blocks are a common building prod construct nearly every type of vertical structure. A common ceramic material, which is used extensively for pottery tab decorative objects. May also be glazed in order to become watertight Historically used for sculpture and pottery, as well as shingles and bric 1. Describes a two-dimensional view of an object. 2. The Joint Reinforcing is one of the earliest ceramics still in use. Typically not watertight and outline or outer edge of anContinuous object being viewed. glazed to ensure watertightness. Reinforcing Bars Fired Shale Shale that has been fired and hardened into a specific shape. Refers to the outside surface of an object that will typically bePorcelain inTies view. Masonry Primarily formed from Kaolin, this material originated in China and is r Refers to the physical outside boundary of an object. white color. Very resistant to thermal shock and considerably strong. Flexible Masonry Ties Typically expressed using angle measurements. The shapeChina or contour made from the Veneer outside limit of an Masonry Ties Vitreous A compound composed of clay and other compounds, the material is object, area or surface. coated with ceramic to ensure watertightness. Masonry Ties The pinnacle of a slope or Rigid the originating point of an angle. A compound composed of organic and inorganic materials, this subst

41-30 23-1310 212519132711

Terra Cotta Units

23-1310 21252113 13 41-30 23-13 21 21 11

41-30 49-71 10 15 25 21 13 15

Earthenware Masonry Anchorage and Reinforcement Masonry Reinforcing Terracotta

Profile

23-13 21 21 11 11 23-13 21 21 11 13

41-30 49-71 10 15 25 23 13 17 23-1310 212521131319 41-30 49-71 15 25

Face

49-71 15 27 23-1310 2125 2113132113 41-30

Edge Profile

23-1315 2129 21 13 15 49-71 41-30 10 25 15

Vertex

Soil

49-71 10 15 25 31 17 41-30

Point

Gypsum

Edge

23-13 21 21 13 11

Omniclass excerpt [49] 23-13 21 21 15 23-13 21 21 15 11

Single Dimensions

23-13 21 23

41-30 23-1310 212523191111 49-71 19 13

23-13 21 23 13

41-30 10 25 19 15 11 49-71 19 17 41-30 10 25 19 17 49-71 19 19 41-30 10 25 19 17 11 41-30 10 25 19 19 Omniclass excerpt [50]

Masonry Anchors

Refers to a particular location, often on a grid or map, Veneer Anchors usually visually denoted byMasonry a dot or point. Properties that quantify a specific distance or angle.

Stone Masonry Anchors

Designator given to an item based on its overall Silicate Standard or Custom Special Profiles for Masonry dimensions compared to predefined measurements or in Size

stock items. Asbestos Special Masonry Shapes The shortest distance between the ends on a specified Masonry and Thresholds pointSills of measure of the material. Usually differentiated from width by being the longer of the two. Masonry Moldings Calcium Silicate The shortest distance between the ends on a specified point of measure of the material. Usually differentiated Cement from length by being the shorter of the two. National

Length

23-13 21 23 15

41-30 10 25 19 13 49-71 19 15 41-30 10 25 19 15

41-30 10 27 11

and Alternate Terms 22-08Notes 42 00

Exterior Grilles

23-1315 2117 19 15 49-71 41-30 10 25 11 17

41-30 10 27

Table 49 - Properties

or find an average.

Glass Masonry Units

41-30 49-71 10 15 25 13 11 11 23-13 21 19 11 41-30 10 25 11 13 49-71 23-1315 2115 19 13 41-30 10 25 11 15

49-71 23-1319 2100 21 15 13 41-30 49-71 10 19 25 11 19

22-08 56 00

The averaged measurement of overall girth or extent of an

Exterior Function Preinsulated Concrete Limestone Marble item in a given data set Masonry ((X1 Special + X2 + Units Xn)/n).

Binding Compounds Form

23-13 21 19 17 Omniclass excerpt [48]

22-08 50 00

Split Face Concrete Units A defined parameterMasonry (measurement or tolerance) set to Clearance Quartzite allow for two or more elements to pass without Requirements Calcium Silicate Masonry Units Exterior Gates interference. Slate

41-30 49-71 10 15 25 11 11

23-13 21 19

Utility Doors

Molded Face Concrete Masonry Units Percentage of output from a process that passes

Batch Size

21-02 20 50 60

23-13 21 17

Refer to Function and Masonry Use and Facility Services for Interlocking Concrete Units

Mean Size

23-1311 2111 1137 27 49-71 41-30 10 15 15 41-30 10 15 17 23-1315 2100 15 49-71 41-30 10 25

Level 3 Title

Capacity

Exterior Doors and Exposed Aggregate Concrete Masonry Units Grilles Fluted Concrete Masonry Units Level 4 Title Definition Exterior Entrance Doors

Yield

21-02 201150 23-13 21 21 30

41-30 10 15 13 11 49-71 11 11 33 23-1310 21 231540 21-02 20 50 41-30 151113 49-71 11 11 35 23-1310 2115 1113 2517 41-30

22-08 50 00

Exterior Window Wall

21-02 201120 50 23-13 21

23-13 21 11 15

Exterior Operating Windows Exterior Fixed Windows

Gratings

23-13 19 17

23-1311 2111 1129 17 49-71

Table 22 Reference

Building Papers

Thin Plastic Sheets

Rigid Sheets, Slabs, Plates Solid Sheets

21-02 20 10 20

OmniClass™ Number 21-02 20 50 10

Syn

Thin Metal Sheets

Width

Portland Cement Refers to the measurement of the space between two points Mica or places. The maximum horizontal distance for supporting constructions for total load. Expanded Mica

Distance Span

Sand

Manufactured Mineral Compounds Pre Consensus Approved Draft 2012-10-30 Carbon Fiber

used for planting and vegetation purposes. A unique material that is moderately water-soluble but becomes less s temperatures. Typically used in finishes such as gypsum board and p

A compound containing a silicon earing anion. Typical silicates includ Portland Cement, as well as thousands of other minerals. A compound composed of six naturally occurring silicate minerals. Hi its sound absorption, tensile strength and resistance to fire, heat and e this substance has been found to be highly toxic and is no longer as e

A compound used as a safer solution to asbestos. Typically used for protection. A binding compound that, when set and hardened, binds two or more Typically used in mortar and concrete. Standard 2012-05-16 The most common type of cement in use worldwide. Typically used in

A compound classified as one or more of 37 phyllosilicate minerals th platy texture. Mica that has been heated to expand past its original volume. A naturally occurring compound made of rock and mineral particles.

Compounds which are man made but whose primary sources are nor occurring. Page 14/44

A material consisting of thin crystalline carbon filaments. Typically us strength to weight ratio. A compound with materials of both ceramic and metal. Typically used of capacitors, resistors and other electrical components. Ash that rises with other gases from combustion. Typically used in pr Portland Cement, Roller-compacted Concrete and applications such a as well as waste treatment. Compounds contain glass or primarily formed from glass materials.

In these four tables representing OmniCalass 21-23-41-49 one can see how combining different codes coming from different tables makes it possible to reach a high level of detail in an item classification using this standard, unlike others that do not even reach the material specification. As in the previous tabs representing Uniformat and Masterformat, in those above the external wall could be define in all it aspects. 41-30 10 27 13

Cermet

41-30 10 27 15

Fly Ash

41-30 10 27 17

Glasses and Glass-Like Materials

41-30 10 27 17 11

Glass

Pre Consensus Approved Draft 2012-10-30

A typically brittle and transparent compound with a variety of uses.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

Based on these considerations and researches it was possible to resume all the standards studied in a short and easily understandable chart that represents the standards and their fields of application. ATTRIBUTES

UNI 8290

MASTERCLASS

UNIFORMAT II

UNICLASS II

OMNICLASS

CATEGORY TYPOLOGY MATERIAL

52nd ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings DIMENTIONS

PERFORMANCES

frameworks. Also, these systems have different strategies for their internal organization and taxonomies. Although within each faceted classifications the tables can be used in combination with each other, the differences in PROPERTIES organization strategies of each system makes it challenging to cross reference tables among different classification systems. The challenge Comparison scheme.is to find logic between tables with similar terminology, sequencing, grouping and coding. If tables for elements, work sections and products align, work sections can be used to map designed elements to their Itcomponent is alsoproducts. important to say that thissystem representation was made what But even within one classification e.g. within OmniClass or Uniclass, tablesfor do not align (Gelder, 2011c). Future work should further this comparison analysis for other national product classification concerns the classification of an item intended as a building component. systems such as BSBA from Sweden and DBK from Denmark.

Some of these standards include many other categories that can define Table 1 aspects and not everyone was considered when making this chart. other Comparison between four classification systems based on the established criteria Classification systems Country of origin Produced by Language Purpose and properties

OmniClass

MasterFormat

UniFormat

Uniclass

North America CSI and CSC English Organization, sorting and retrieval of product information for all objects in the built environment in the project life cycle.

North America CSI and CSC English A master list for organizing construction work results, requirements, products and activities. Mostly used in bidding and specifications.

North America CSI and CSC English For arranging construction information, organized around the physical parts of a facility known as functional elements mainly used for cost estimates.

Framework

ISO 12006-2, ISO 12006-3, MasterFormat, UniFormat, EPIC faceted 15 inter-related tables categorized by number and name. A combination of Table 21, Table 22 & Table 23 allows for classifying a product precisely.

Industry practice and gradual development

ISO 12006-2 , Professional judgment

UK CPIc and NBS English For all aspects of the design and construction process. For organizing library materials and structuring product literature and project information ISO 12006-2 , SfB, CAWS, EPIC, CESMM

hierarchical One table with a series of six numbers and name: Level one with 50 divisions (2004 version) each is made up of level two, level three, and sometimes level four numbers and titles for more detailed areas of work results.

hierarchical One table with alphanumeric designations and titles in five levels: level one is in nine categories separated by their special function. Level 2 separates them into constituent parts, level 3, 4 and 5 further subdivide them.

Grouping principle Organization and taxonomies

faceted The division among facets is based on the alphabet in 11 tables and within each facet by decimal scale up to 6 digits. Table G, J, K and L can be used for classifying product models.

A Comparison of Construction Classification Systems Used for Classifying Building Product Models. Moreover, there is a need to have a structured guideline for combining classification systems in international scale. [51] In fact, mapping information between major product classification systems would benefit the industry. The rapid development of information technology within the construction sector and globalization of construction material and products, requires international coordination of standards and classification systems. There has been some studies in Sweden to map BSAB with IFC (Ekholm, 1999). Future study needs to clarify how the classification structure of IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) as a neutral international open standard can be coordinated with established 67 industry standards and classification systems. The buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD) which is an ISO based ontology for the building and construction industry (buildingSMART, 2016) can act as an international standardization of ontology to enable coordinating classification systems. So, future study needs to investigate the

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

1.3.4 BIM for 5D project: The fifth dimension is related to costs. As explained in the introduction chapter, it is strictly connected to the fourth dimension, due to this relationship it can also automatically estimate costs after completion of the 4D study. Nowadays the costs control is mandatory for any kind of project, in this period when one of the biggest challenges in construction industry is to avoid the waste of money, and to obtain a higher level of economic sustainability. This kind of tools permits a 360 degree control of the project, including any changes that could become necessary during the process. They make it possible that a dynamic model may be changed and adapt itself, giving instantly new costs reports. The importance BIM costs manager is becoming more important everyday. As P. Smith said:â&#x20AC;?[..] the value of the cost manager in being able to simulate and explore various design and construction scenarios for the client in real time through having their cost data and quantities integrally linked in the live BIM model. This certainly raises the value of the cost management service but is dependent on the cost manager having BIM capability/expertise, sharing their cost data in the model and having the experience, expertise and intuition to analyze and critique the information that is being generated by the model [52]â&#x20AC;?. Using the BIM it is possible to have an highly detailed Quantity Take-Off (QTO), giving to any item a cost in terms of parameter applied to the elements in the model. Integrating this information with the WBS and the timeline that defines timing and resources required to accomplish any task, it is possible to manage those aspects and to choose the best options for improving costs and building site organization. Instead of the traditional way, BIM approach aimed at defining quantity allows to have a direct connection between the items present in the model and the count reports are made automatically by the software. This charateristics of BIM allows to avoid data leak, that is the most common failure in the traditional CAD process. Passing through these two additional dimensions was the main goal of this thesis, which aims for a highly detailed tasks time-line connected to a QTO in order to establish the amount needed to accomplish the whole winter garden project. In the following chapter, which is completely dedicated to the methodology it will be explained all the process necessary to reach a 5D project in BIM environment, and finally the results obtained to understand how the BIM use integrated with other software can be useful and helpful to accomplish the goal to avoid wasting in terms of money and time, further others secondary tools like clash detection and building site organization.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

1. Introduction

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

METHODOLOGY

.1 SHARING STRATEGIES .2 SHAPING PHASE .3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Legend: Data collection

Initial sources

Results

Check path

BIM models

Normal connection

BIM models

Check point

Results

Other sources

Main files

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

DATA COLECTION

Methodology scheme:

Point clouds

Hand drawings

Various documents .pdf, .jpg

.pdf, .jpg

.rcp, .rcs

Piedmont price list

Written references

External consulting

CHECK

DATA RESTITUTION

STR

ARCH

MEP

TOP

.rvt

KEY NOTE .txt

WBS CODE .xlsx

CENTRALE

TIME SCHEDULE GANTT CHART

.rvt

.mpp

CHECK RESULTS

MODELS/ COORDINATION

GRAPHIC OUTPUTS

SHARING COORDINATIONS

CONSTRUCTION SIMULATION

REPORTS

CLASH DETECTION

USERS

Architect

BIM manager

Construction foreman

BIM coordinator

Construction foreman

BIM specialist

Architect

MONITORING RESOURCES

Architect

Construction foreman BIM coordinator

S CURVE & OTHER REPORTS

Costs manager

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.1.1 Data Collection:

The first practical step was a research phase, aimed at finding the gratest quantity of information about the facility, basically due to the need to have a base to start modeling on. Due to the lack of information at the beginning of the thesis, the firsts shaping steps were made on photographic surveys made by ourselves, basically for what concern the monumental facade. Obviously, this was not enough. The first complex mass model based on a photographic map took from Google maps, was used although it was clearly not reliable, but an approximate model was needed to start to work on. The firsts real spacial representation in the forms of drawings were provided by Ing. Luigi Barbero who made a refurbishment project for the facility.

First floor plant [53]

North monumental facade [54]

These two drawings are part of what provided by the engineer. After some survey made by ourselves was established that they were not reliable. They were discarded, because more precise drawings made by current Moncrivelloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mayor, arch. Pissinis were found.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Church south facade [55]

Ground floor plant [56]

These hand-drawings were incredibly rich in detail, and made in an incredibly accurate way. They were used them as a first really reliable sources. As said they come from Moncrivelloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mayorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thesis in architecture written in the late eighties. This thesisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; main goal was to represent the whole complex at a very accurate and high detail level. After several surveys made by ourselves using a common instrument like a laser yardstick, we found these drawings much more reliable than the previous ones, though the first ones are more recent and made using more precise electronic devices and CAD software. Data collection was the next step, based on the point-cloud survey provided by prof. Piras which was the most reliable source and the one which was used until the end. A dedicated following chapter will explain the use of this source. 75

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.1.2 Common Data Environment (CDE): The British standard adopted to make a sharing environment for all the students working on this facility was already explained in standards terms in the Introduction chapter. Following these guide-lines was created our own Common data environment, using an on-line platform such as DropBox, that is a file hosting service and that offers cloud storage, file synchronization and personal cloud. This sharing platform has been chosen because of its availability also in a free mode. It does not require particular procedures to be followed and the sharing environment can be joined constantly by new members. Its strength in terms of dynamism and the familiarity we already had with this platform are the reasons why it was chosen. But it has also some weaknesses. The service completely depends on the quality of internet connection, that means that sometimes it can be difficult to have a quick synchronization, or it can also be impossible in case of absence of internet connection, or there can be problems in case of contemporary use of the same file (one will be in conflict), or there can be some data lack.

Common Data Environment Overview.

The picture above shows the first folder containing the whole CDE for this project. It has four sub-folders as normed in the British standard 1192 : 2007, Work in Progress (WIP), Shared, Published and Archived, the content and the sharing rules of these folders are already explained in chapter 1. Out of the CDE folder was created another one independent from the common data environment, but always shared within all the participants called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Documentâ&#x20AC;?, where everyone stored their documents related to the thesis works, such as standards and sources in order to make them 76

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

available to the other group members. Below is shown the Work in progress sub-folder, that contains in turn other sub-folders for each member. Here, as explained in the British standard, are stored all the files composing the whole project in a temporary phase, before approval.

WIP folder contents.

Then the shared folder, that contains many items such as the approved and shared model files, split into two sharing sub-folders that contain two different strategies of sharing federated models into a BIM environment. Then all the ReCap files that represent the point-clouds survey split in regions and attached to the model files, passed files, shared parameters ecc.

Shared folder contents.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

condivisione cde Common Data Environment Scheme: Bim for Health

CDE

WIP

SHARED FRANCESCO

DOC.

PUBLISHED M.T.B.L

FRANCESCO

ALZHEIMER.rvt GIARDINO.rvt

ISABELLA

SERRA.rvt

SARA

PARCO.rvt RSA.rvt MASSE.rvt MASS_URB.rvt

IVANA MARCO PIETRO

ARCHIVED

SHARING 1

LUIS

IVANA MARCO PIETRO

CENTRALE.rvt MF_ARCH.rvt

LUIS

MF_STRUT.rvt MF_MEP.rvt

ELISA

condiv_1.pdf

SHARING 2

CENTRALE.rvt G.rvt A.rvt S.rvt condiv_2.pdf

POINTCLOUD

alzh.rcs giard.rcs casa.rcs chiesa.rcs parco.rcs conv.rcs RSA.rcs serra.rcs g_alzh.rcs totale.rcs

EXCEEDED

alzh.rvt giard.rvt casa.rvt chiesa.rvt parco.rvt conv.rvt RSA.rvt serra.rvt

ALZHEIMER.rvt GIARDINO.rvt SERRA.rvt PARCO.rvt RSA.rvt

POINTCLOUD .rvt

g_alzh.rvt totale.rvt costr+c.rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.1.3 Shared Coordinates: In order to make a federated model, with attached multiple single models, as will be explain in the following pages, it became necessary to have a shared coordinate system adopted by all the singles files. This coordinate file was made in Revit on the base of two points obtained by a topographic survey. Those two points previously obtained were inserted into Revit, where they are present in default template. The first one is the project base point that is at the origin of the project.

Plant view, with survey base point highlighted.

This point was left with coordinates N/S= 0.0000, E/W=0.0000. The only value that was changed is the angle between the real north and the project north, real north representing the real orientation of the project; the angle between the real north and the project north being considered as a straight line like a common representation of north, that is used to have an orthogonal representation of the project in order to permit an orthogonal shaping that could be difficult otherwise with the real orientation. The value insert was 345.02Â° degrees clockwise.

Legend:

Main folder Main folder (CDE) CDE division folder Personal folder (3rd degree) Central file Single .rvt files Coordination guidelines WIP .rvt files

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

The second point inserted into the project is the one that was measured through a topographic survey. It defines an exact point on the earth surface in terms of latitude and longitude, the values inserted through a GPS survey are N/S= 45.8357 and E/W=-3.9913. Of course, in order to materialize a point on the earth surface, it was necessary to insert also the altitude above the sea level that is = 322.000.

Plant view, with survey point highlighted.

Revit also allows to insert the real position into a map. As shown, the model was localized in the real place where it is. This tool can be useful mostly to make energetic simulations, because at any position are connected climatic average data such as wet bulb and dry bulb temperature taken from the closest weather station.

Project georeferencing in Revit.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.1.4 Sharing strategies: As already said, the main point of the first part was to understand and find a way to create a federated model using linked files inside Revit. This is one sharing methodology, the one that was chosen because it is the more congenial one in a situation where each group member modeled a different part of the complex, divided not by disciplines as architectural, structural and MEP, but by facility parts. This distinction changed after this first part which aimed at shaping the existing facility. In the second part where everyone was focused on their own project, the sharing strategy changed, because also the aim had changed. Beginning from an â&#x20AC;&#x153;as isâ&#x20AC;? model, were added our own projects made using the three disciplines joined model. Managing of point clouds in federated BIM model was a significal part of this thesis. Many attempts were made to find the best way to use these files linked to our models. The following schemes show a temporal work-flow used to make our federated model of the whole complex. Many attempts were made before finding the best way. Of course, this field is still under research and there is not a codified way to figure out any situation. This is why used five sharing strategies were used modifying according to our degree of knowledge and the available material. For example, one can easily see a big change after the whole point cloud survey was recived.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Sharing strategy11: condivisione

A_MEP

A_Str

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

MF_STRUT

MF_MEP

.rvt

S_Str

.rvt

S_MEP

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

.rvt

MF_ARCH .rvt

.rvt

.rvt R-pr-n .rcs

.rvt

.rvt np.tot .rcp

.rvt

A-pr-n .rcs

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

The first sharing phase was thought having in mind the basic scheme which was used until the end. The scheme is split into three main areas that are architectural, structural and MEP (mechanical, electric and plumbing), represented by the same number of central files that includes all the single models for all fields. As explained, all the architectural files were split by the team members in order to shape the existing complex. This operation was done without any survey, except for two point clouds made for the Alzheimer wing and the RSA wing by the students assigned to those parts, linked by Overlay, a kind of connection that means the loss of those information in the federate model. The winter garden was shaped firstly following a hand survey made by the operator and it was adjusted only later, when the whole point cloud was available. Other parts such as the church and the convent were shaped based on two documents such as Moncrivelloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mayorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thesis where he had redesigned the whole facility, and other drawings made by an engineer who had made a project in the complex. Thus, the central architectural model is made comprises all the single models compositing the whole facility with attachment links. This allows to have all the single models nested in the architectural federate file. The same procedure was used for the structural and MEP files, but those fields are present only in our single projects and not in the existing facility model. Due to evident limits it was not possible to shape any aspects of such a complex facility. All the federate files representing the three fields described are then joined in the central file, always by attachment links to all the single models. This allows the user to switch on or off the visualizing and other options for every single file compositing the central one.

Legend: Point clouds .rcp or .rcs

Overlay link

Model .rvt

Attachment link

Federate model .rvt Central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Sharing strategy 2: condivisione 2

A_MEP

A_Str

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

MF_STRUT

MF_MEP

.rvt

S_Str

.rvt

S_MEP

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

np.tot .rcp

.rvt

MF_ARCH .rvt

.rvt

np-tot .rvt

.rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

In this second scheme is represented for the first time the whole pointcloud survey. The general scheme is pretty similar to the first one, except for the treatment of the survey files and some files added. In this case, the whole point-cloud was previously saved into a Revit (.rvt) file linked into each architectural model by overlay link that is not an efficient procedure because of the repetition of the same file as many times as there are single models, and the loss of data uniqueness which is considered wrong in a federated file process like this one. For what concerns the survey, it is lost in the central architectural file due to the use of overlay links. The whole point-cloud is also charged into the central file directly as a .rcp file that is the extension for a point-cloud file, passed previously in Autodesk ReCap software. This procedure will be explained in a following dedicated chapter. It is also possible to see the addition of other files filling some blanks in the form of MEP files.

Legend: Point clouds .rcp or .rcs

Overlay link

Model .rvt

Attachment link

Federate model .rvt Central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

condivisione 3

2. Methodology

Sharing strategy 3: A_MEP

A_Str

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

MF_STRUT

MF_MEP

.rvt

S_Str

.rvt

S_MEP

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

.rvt

MF_ARCH .rvt

.rvt

MF_ARCH .rvt

parco .rcs

chiesa .rcs giardino .rcs

totale .rcs

RSA .rcs

conv. .rcs

np.tot .rcp

serra .rcs

casa c. .rcs

alzh. .rcs

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

In this third scheme the management of point-clouds becomes more complex. For the purpose of a more rational sharing of those file this attempt preserves the same layout of the previous ones. What changes is the management of the actual survey files. In order to overcome the repetition of information due to the wrong sharing of the point-cloud in the previous scheme, where the whole pointcloud was linked every time to all architectural files and was always visible entirely, an attempt was made to mix the sharing strategy introducing a Worksets file composed by different local files represented by all the regions made in Autodesk ReCap, where each region represents basically a building part divided by the team members. Creating a worksets model, the whole point-cloud was divided into many .rcs files that are sub regions of .rcp, which represent the whole survey. All those worksets represented by local files are included in the central model that is every time linked into all architectural files. In this way it is possible to switch off all those regions that are not useful in every single part and maintain visible only the part we are interested in. Anyway, also this sharing scheme was not considered satisfactory because found many troubles were during the process, such as sharing weaknesses due to mixing sharing methodologies as linked and worksets files. Strengths and weaknesses of sharing strategies for point clouds will be discussed further on.

Legend: Point clouds .rcp or .rcs

Exportation from .rcp to .rcs

Point clouds .rvt

Worksets

Model .rvt

Overlay link

Federate model .rvt

Attachment link

Central model .rvt Worksets central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

condivisione 4

Sharing strategy 4:

A_MEP

A_Str

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

MF_STRUT

MF_MEP

.rvt

S_Str

.rvt

S_MEP

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

.rvt

MF_ARCH .rvt

.rvt

np-tot. .rvt

np-giard .rvt

np-RSA .rvt

np-conv .rvt

totale .rcs

RSA .rcs

np-serra .rvt np-alzh .rvt

parco .rcs

chiesa .rcs giardino .rcs

np-parc. .rcp

conv. .rcs

np.tot .rcp

serra .rcs

casa c. .rcs

alzh. .rcs

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

The fourth and last scheme is the one finally used, it was obtained through many attempts and many considerations made at various stages because each attempt required a long time to be thought trough and actualized. In this case, the whole point-cloud called (np-tot .rcp) was split into many regions and loaded into Revit files, with the aim of obtain Revit files, that make it easier to manage the link procedure and the visibility settings after linking. Then every .rvt file containing the point-cloud portion is linked by overlay into all architectural Revit models, where the shaping phase can start, modeling on a detailed survey that allowed to understand the real shape of the facility and to correct all the errors made previously due to an incorrect survey. Here was noticed that all the sources used until this point were not correct at the level of detail required. The models were linked by overlay in order to loose these files in the federated model because it is useful until the shaping phase. Thus the general scheme remains basically the same from the beginning, creating three federated files, one for every main field all again linked into the central file that contains all information about what is modeled. This sharing strategy is also thought to be augmented by others actors who will work on the same facility. The structure used was created to be a base for the future to reach the highest level of detail and to be filled in with the missing parts in structural and MEP fields. The model â&#x20AC;&#x153;as isâ&#x20AC;? of the complex should also be improved because some parts were shaped by people who had already left the working group before the entire point-cloud was available.

Legend: Point clouds .rcp or .rcs

Exportation from .rcp to .rcs

Point clouds .rvt

Overlay link

Model .rvt

Attachment link

Federate model .rvt Central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Central federated model representing first sharing strategy adopted, with project browser highlighted.

This picture shows the whole Revit model during a project phase. It is possible to see some new intervention like the greenhouse, the Alzheimer wing and, more hidden, the winter garden inside the courtyard. The red frame contains the project browser that shows the hierarchical organization of the whole facility in BIM environment. This solution represents the fourth sharing strategy with three federated files, one for each main field (arch, strut, MEP) compositing the central model. Each federated entails some

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

nested models. For example, the architectural one is composed by seven files, the structural by three and MEP only by one. At the bottom of the list, one can see represented by a different symbol the whole point-cloud survey linked directly to the central file as shown in the scheme.

condivisione 5 BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Sharing strategy 5:

S_Arc .rvt

S_Str

S_MEP .rvt

.rvt

P_MEP

R_Str

.rvt

P_Arc

R_Arc

.rvt

P_Str

R_MEP

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

C_MEP

A_MEP

.rvt

A .rvt

.rvt

C_Arc

A_Arc .rvt

.rvt

A_Str

C_Str

.rvt

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

G_Arc .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

The fifth strategy represents the last step of sharing phase in this work. Some members of the group focused their thesis on new projects to add to the existent complex, for example the winter garden in the courtyard, the new building for people affected by Alzheimer disease, a new greenhouse, ecc. This scheme was thought to manage these projects. Each one is divided into three main files: architectural, structural, MEP, as usual. All linked into a new federated file, by attachment link so as not to loose the file in the second link degree. Then all those federated files are joined into a central one that contains all the projects. This second scheme completely different from the firsts four was made up specifically to represent the project phase of the process, and like the others is designed to be extended in a future phase. It could look like the existing complex was not present in this sharing work-frame, but this is not the case. The architectural file is made considering basically two phases (present and project phase). It is not the same for structural and MEP, because as already said, because those aspects of the existing complex were not designed. In this work-frame the basic organization of all files has radically changed, basically due to the need to have a federated file which is inclusive of all project files. Thus the intermediate federated file is not longer made by field but by project. In the previous strategy the federated intermediate file was made on the base of the field (architectural, structural or MEP) where the operation took place and it contained all those files belonging to its category. In this scheme the federated file is contains those files that typically form a project in BIM environment. These two sharing strategies were created in order to have a better organization in the common data environment, and to have project detection especially during the transition from WIP to SHARED folder. All strategies can be improved and added with future works. It was decided to work with both to leave all possibilities open.

Legend: Model .rvt

Attachment link

Federate model .rvt Central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Sharing strategy 5 adopted:

S_Arc .rvt

S_Str

S_MEP .rvt

.rvt

S_Tpgr .rvt

.rvt

R_Arc

P_Arc

.rvt

CENTRALE .rvt

A_MEP .rvt

A .rvt

C_Arc .rvt

A_Arc .rvt

.rvt

G_Tpgr

A_Str

.rvt

G_Str

G_MEP

.rvt

G_Arc .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

This one represent the scheme one finally adopted. The difference consist basically in the absence of structural and MEP files for what concerns the RSA wing, the park and the convent that were shaped just thinking about the architectural field. G, which stands for the Winter Garden, and S, the greenhouse, are implemented trough the addition of a topographical file, that results useful in construction management scenario aimed to calculate the quantity of ground to be moved in excavation activities, particularly in order to estimate a timing to accomplish the task and have a price based on the ground volume moved out of the building site.

Legend: Model .rvt

Attachment link

Federate model .rvt Central model .rvt

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Central federated model representing second sharing strategy adopted, with project browser highlighted.

In the picture above, that represents the second sharing strategy adopted in Revit, the project browser shows the division made by projects, and not anymore by fields, where the federated files A, G and S represent nested files containing respectively single project files like architectural, structural, MEP and topographic, and some single architectural files completing the whole facility such as the RSA wing, convent and church.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.1.5 Point-cloud use in federated model: The treatment of point-clouds inside our federated models deserves focus, firstly because it took a long time and many efforts were spent to figure out how to better use the survey provided by prof. Pirasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; office. Firstly, it is necessary to say that there was a fault in the process because the survey was received long after our thesis work beginning date, and some people had already finished their thesis. Most of the complex parts were shaped before the survey was available. This represent a important fault in the process which should be improved and corrected by future thesis students who will work on it. The survey was made by professor Piras and his collaborators in November 2017. It is the result of joining two kind of surveys. The first one located in the courtyard where the author was operating. This survey was made with laser scanner (LIDAR) technology that allowed a highly detailed model of this part of the complex. The rest of the facility was taken-over by photogrammetrical methodology using a camera integrated drone. The two surveys were then joined making a good quality point-cloud of the whole facility as far as the external shape of the complex is concerned. Obviously the survey did not take into account the inside environment, which would have required too much time and a huge file size difficult to use and definitely of no use to the designing purposes.

Point-cloud survey plant view.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Point-cloud survey plant 3D view.

The whole point-cloud was previously imported into Autodesk ReCap, that is a software whose purpose is it to manage this kind of surveys. One fundamental step in ReCap was the division of the point-cloud into eleven areas: the church, convent, courtyard, RSA wing, park, ecc. These regions were handled as explained before in the sharing strategies. When the point-cloud was imported into the file, it needed a re-orientation of the real north. Revit permits to have two different visualizations of the north in a project: Real north and Project north, the real north represents the real orientation of the project refered to the project north that has a classic orientation. In our case the facility presents a difference between real and project north of 14° 48’ 58”. The point-cloud was created and loaded into the project already having this orientation but refers to the project north instead of real north. In order to compensate this discrepancy, it was necessary to apply a negative angle value of -14° 58’ 48”.

Point-cloud orientation.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Central courtyard point-cloud survey made by LIDAR technology.

With regard to managing these surveys in the sharing strategies of the federated model treated in the previous chapter, some considerations were made, which made understand the different strength and weaknesses of each of these strategies, and finally led to the scheme to be used. - First scheme: This was the oldest strategy, taken into consideration in an information leak situation when operation was based on just two pointclouds referred to the RSA north facade and the Alzheimer wing, that represent the .rcs files present in the first scheme linked to files A and R. These surveys were completely inaccurate without any topographic reference between them. -Second scheme: This was the first attempt made with the entire survey available. It basically consists in a .rvt file containing the whole survey to be linked anytime by overlay at each architectural file compositing the federated model. Strengths: - Uniqueness of .rcp file containing all the survey information. - Easy to manage visualizing settings in the linked file. - Easy and fast of managing link as a sharing method. Weaknesses: - Redundancy of information due to the repetition of the whole file inside any architectural model. - Survey loosing into the central file, could be relinked. - Files containing the whole point-cloud too heavy.

100

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- Third scheme: first attempt to rationalize and organize the point-cloud through the division by region in Autodesk ReCap. The file is decomposed into smallest .rcs files, in order to avoid the repeated sharing of the whole survey. To make this possible, were created as many worksets as regions present in the survey and, subsequently, a central file composed by eleven worksets, thus mixing two completely different ways to share models into Revit, i.e. linked files and workset files. Strengths: - Uniqueness of .rcp file containing the point cloud. - Easiness to manage visual settings of different worksets into linked file. Weaknesses: - Difficulty of managing rights in the central file containing all the worksets representing the survey regions. Can be modified only by the owner of those rights, thus by who has created it. - Opening and visualization of central file slow and complicated, needs every time the workset and worksets properties release. - Impossibility to manage and visualize settings in the second link. - Fourth scheme: Use of the point-cloud divided into .rcs regions by Autodesk ReCap, each one loaded into the same .rvt file copied as many times as are the regions. In each file were deleted 9 regions in order to obtain 10 .rvt files, each one containing just the fair region. Then each .rvt files containing a region was linked to the correspondent .rvt architectural file by overlay. In this way the survey is lost in the second link degree, so as not to show up in the central file, where the whole .rcp point-cloud is linked directly in order to make easier the managing of the regions directly in the central file. Strengths: - Easy managing of visualization properties in the linked file. - Easy and fast of managing link as a sharing method. - Subdivision by regions avoids information redundancy as in the second scheme. Weaknesses: Too long and complex procedure making ten different files, each containing a different part of the whole point cloud.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2.1.6 Adopted Coding:

2. Methodology

It was mandatory to follow a process based on Standard BS 12192 : 2007 in order to have a clear classification for any file involved in the sharing scheme previously explained. Nomenclatura dei file: Having an identified and clear classification is not just mandatory by the British standard but also suggested. Without Nomenclatura a codification used dei andfile: respected by all the stakeholders involved, NB: particularly in a federated file process it could be impossible to have a  Rispettare le maiuscole e i trattini in modo da non creare problemi nella Nomenclatura dei file: successful coordination, and it could entail several problems and waste NB: lettura dei percorsi dei file nei collegamenti. of timeand money.con Rispettare le maiuscole Lavorare Revit 2018.e i trattini in modo da non creare problemi nella TheNB: following codings were created: lettura dei percorsi dei file collegamenti.  Utilizzare correttamente le nei cartelle Dropbox tenendole ordinate il più One for linked con files’ name depending onmodo the folder where file is  the Rispettare le maiuscole e i trattini in da non creare problemi Lavorare Revit 2018. possibile: ognuno deve provvedere all’eliminazione deithe propri file dinella stored (WIP or SHARED). lettura deicorrettamente percorsi dei file collegamenti. Utilizzare le nei cartelle Dropbox tenendole ordinate il più backup. The second classification’s aim was to rationalize andFEDERATI create dei an order  Lavorare con Revit 2018. possibile: ognuno deve provvedere all’eliminazione propriin file di AVVERTIRE PRIMA DI MODIFICARE I MODELLI (MF…) sharedfolder that contains shared Revit files, point-cloud survey files, shared il più Utilizzare correttamente le cartelle Dropbox tenendole ordinate backup. deve all’eliminazione propri file di parameter text files,ognuno and old filesprovvedere that were also stored in a dei dedicated  possibile: AVVERTIRE PRIMA MODIFICARE I MODELLI FEDERATI (MF…) 1) WIP folder (Work inDI progress) backup. folder inside the common data environment. 1) classification AVVERTIRE PRIMA DIprogress) MODIFICARE I MODELLI FEDERATI (MF…) The third wasWIP_architectural made to codify all levels present in all projects. WIP folder (Work in This classification mandatory, but was decided to have a more Study case was not Codify Example tidy view the model. 1) of WIP folder (WorkWIP_architectural in progress) Alzheimer wing A_aaaa_mm_gg A_2017_12_15.rvt Study case Codify Example Winter Garden G_aaaa_mm_gg WIP_architectural Alzheimer wing A_aaaa_mm_gg A_2017_12_15.rvt RSA R_aaaa_mm_gg Study case Codify Winter Garden G_aaaa_mm_gg Example Park P_aaaa_mm_gg Alzheimer wing A_aaaa_mm_gg A_2017_12_15.rvt RSA R_aaaa_mm_gg Convent C_aaaa_mm_gg Winter G_aaaa_mm_gg Park Garden P_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_aaaa_mm_gg RSA R_aaaa_mm_gg Convent C_aaaa_mm_gg Mass M_aaaa_mm_gg Park P_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_aaaa_mm_gg Convent C_aaaa_mm_gg Mass M_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_aaaa_mm_gg WIP_structural Mass M_aaaa_mm_gg Study case Codify Example WIP_structural Alzheimer wing A_STR_aaaa_mm_gg A_ STR_2017_12_15.rvt Study case Codify Example Winter Garden G_STR_aaaa_mm_gg WIP_structural Alzheimer wing A_STR_aaaa_mm_gg A_ STR_2017_12_15.rvt RSA R_STR_aaaa_mm_gg Example Study Wintercase Garden Codify G_STR_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_ STR_aaaa_mm_gg Alzheimer wing A_STR_aaaa_mm_gg RSA R_STR_aaaa_mm_gg A_ STR_2017_12_15.rvt Winter Garden G_STR_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_ STR_aaaa_mm_gg RSA R_STR_aaaa_mm_gg WIP_MEP Greenhouse S_ STR_aaaa_mm_gg Study case Codify Example WIP_MEP Alzheimer wing A_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg A_ MEP_2017_12_15.rvt Study case Codify Example Winter Garden G_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg WIP_MEP Alzheimer wing A_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg A_ MEP_2017_12_15.rvt RSA R_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg Example Study Wintercase Garden Codify G_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_ MEP_aaaa_mm_gg Alzheimer wing A_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg RSA R_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg A_ MEP_2017_12_15.rvt Winter Garden G_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_ MEP_aaaa_mm_gg 102 RSA R_MEP_aaaa_mm_gg Greenhouse S_ MEP_aaaa_mm_gg

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2) Cartella SHARED (fase di prima pubblicazione)

Study case Alzheimer wing Winter Garden RSA Park Convent Greenhouse Mass Coordination file

SHARED_architectural Codify Example Alzheimer Alzheimer.rvt Giardino RSA Parco Convento Serra Masse MF_disciplina MF_ARCH

Study case Alzheimer wing Winter Garden RSA Greenhouse Coordination file

SHARED_structural Codify Example Alzheimer_STR Alzheimer_STR.rvt Giardino_STR RSA_STR Serra_STR MF_disciplina MF_STR

Study case Alzheimer wing Winter Garden RSA Greenhouse Coordination file

SHARED_MEP Codify Alzheimer_MEP Giardino_MEP RSA_MEP Serra_MEP MF_disciplina

Example Alzheimer_MEP.rvt

MF_MEP

In the WIP folder, which represents a temporary phase of those files they are named with the letter that distinguishes each project in accordance with its location as widely explained, the name is completed by the date of the last upload. In the Shared folder the naming was changed, because files are not supposed to change frequently. The files are named with their proper name plus the add of a suffix (MEP or STR). Only the coordination file is named with the date that shows the last update.

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Organizzazione della cartella shared: collocazione dei file Nella cartella shared si trovano le seguenti cartelle: Folder name Contain .rvt file of the federate architectural model

SHARING_1 File name MF_ARCH.rvt

.rvt file of the federate structural model

MF_STR.rvt

.rvt file of the federate MEP model

MF_MEP.rvt

Central .rvt file divided by disciplines

CENTRALE.rvt

Sharing strategies .pdf scheme adopted by federate models and the central model

Condivisione_1.pdf

Folder name Contain .rvt file of the federate model not divided by disciplines instead by areas .pdf scheme of the connection strategy adopted in the federate model

SHARING_2 File name CENTRALE.rvt S.rvt G.rvt A.rvt Condivisione_2.pdf

RVT nuvola di punti folder, contains the .rvt files where were imported the .rcs file to be connected by Overlay, as shown in sharing strategy 1

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Federate model of the ambit, used in sharing strategy 2 BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

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The .rvt structural files

MODELS TO BE LINKED File name Alzheimer.rvt Giardio.rvt RSA.rvt Masse.rvt Serra.rvt Convento.rvt Parco.rvt URB_Masse Topografia Alzheimer_STR.rvt

The .rvt MEP files

Alzheimer_MEP.rvt

Federate model of the ambit, used in sharing strategy 2

A.rvt

Questi file negli schemi di condivisione vengono indicati con la sola lettera iniziale maiuscola

Folder name Contain Folder and files of the pointcloud survey

POINT CLOUDS File name 171114_Trompone_PointCl oud_georef_tesisti REGIONI.rcp Alzheimer.rcs Giardio.rcs RSA.rcs Masse.rcs Serra.rcs Convento.rcs Parco.rcs eccâ&#x20AC;Ś.

Nome cartella Contain The .rvt architectural files of any model region, are the files to be linked in the federate models in both condivision strategies

Any ambit has is own pointcloud region .rcs

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RVT nuvola di punti folder, contains the .rvt files where were imported the .rcs files to be connected by Overlay, as shown in sharing strategy 1 1

ndp_alzheimer.rvt ndp_giardio.rvt ndp_rsa.rvt ndp_masse.rvt ndp_serra.rvt ndp_convento.rvt ndp_parco.rvt ecc..

Folder name Contain Shared parameters folder that contains the parameter .txt file .

SHARED PARAMETERS File name Comune.txt

Folder name Contain Exceeded folder that contains the exceeded files previously loaded in Models to be linked folder.

EXCEEDED File name Normally are .rvt files

2. Methodology

These tables show the order in SHARE folder inside the common data environment. The two sharing strategies adopted and previously explained have each one a dedicated folder containing the federated file and the .pdf where are explained the rules to be followed in the sharing process. Other folders contain all those files to be linked as named before in WIP folder. One is dedicated to the point-clouds survey files split in .rcs that is the extension for those kinds of file previously elaborated in Autodesk ReCap, and .rvt that represent point-clouds loaded into a Revit file. Then there are two other folders: one for text files containing shared parameters and the last one for obsolete files.

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Nomenclatura dei livelli: Methodology Il file sarà organizzato in almeno due fasi, lo2.stato di fatto e lo stato progetto, dove previsto aggiungere quella di demolizione e costruzione.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Floor

LEVEL NAME Alzheimer wing example

Ground floor: Fact status Project status

0_SdF_A 0_SdP_A

First floor: Fact status Project status

1_SdF_A 1_SdP_A

Second floor: Fact status Project status

2_SdF_A 2_SdP_A Winter Garden example

Piano terra: Fact status Project status

0_SdF_G 0_SdP_G

Piano primo: Fact status Project status

1_SdF_G 1_SdP_G

Piano secondo: Fact status Project status

2_SdF_G 2_SdP_G

preso ad esempiowere il casocodified della manica dell’alzheimer giardino Levels E’ in stato different projects basically so as otodelhave and’inverno, poi og il livello con l’iniziale che appartiene al proprio caso studio come order inchiamerà the different views in federate models. Every single project has aindicato nelle tabe precedenti. codification for both phases (existing and project). The name is composed firstly by the floor number, secondly by the code that identifies the phase, thirdly by the letter which defines the project according to the general codification.

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METHODOLOGY

.1 SHARING STRATEGIES .2 SHAPING PHASE .3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

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2.2.1 Shaping state of affairs: The first shaping phase done was about shaping in BIM environment the existing part of the courtyard enclosed between the RSA wing and the convent. This is a complicated space that had not been designed, but is the result of buildings constructed in different periods (RSA is XIX century, while sanctuary construction began in XVI century), which surround the courtyard. Its shape is a this non-organic space. So the first model of this space comes from a manual survey made by an electronic meter. It will result wrong when compared with the survey obtained by laser-scanner. The first phase was to create a mass file containing all the buildings represented as a mass beginning from a plan. This kind of representation is not precise but it was necessary to have a common coordinate system as a base for all the others model to relate to.

Imagine of mass file from Autodesk Revit.

The mass file is really useful, not only as a base to all the others files, but also for town planning counts and to have a general representation that allow to make preliminary considerations. It can also be used to shape the context in an urban situation, for example, to evaluate the shadow created by the others building around our object.

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Beginning with the mass model, modeling of the courtyard was started which will host the winter garden project. A high LOD was used to shape this part. Because of the nature of the buildings that surround this space that required a high accuracy, it was necessary, in accordance with the project standards, to detail the model creating also some families in order to represent in the best and more accurate way the built environment. Remembering that this first phase was shaped only according to a manual survey and to some other sources such as the thesis by the current mayor of Moncrivello, Mr. Pissinis, who is an architect and who had written his thesis on this complex.

Courtyard state of affairs BIM model in Revit.

With regard to shape, the model â&#x20AC;&#x153;as isâ&#x20AC;?, permits several hypotheses related to materials because of the impossibility to certainly know the structure of items like walls, roofs, columns, decorations ecc. Anyway, we assumed correctly that structure such as walls or vaults are composed by bricks recovered by plaster, roofs are covered by bricks tile. To be more precise were created some families, basically windows families, in order to reach an higher level of detail, and the pre - uploaded families in Revit were not enough to satisfy this LOD.

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The plant represented below is a correct representation obtained through the usage of a point cloud survey. It helps to understand how the space is shaped by uneven walls in the oldest part. This had been represented wrong after first survey. Here it is possible to see that all the walls are considered of the same type, modeled in Revit as 50 cm thick walls with 46 cm of full brick and 2 cm of plaster per side. It is also possible to see how the windows are shaped creating completely parametric families, which required quite some time. Another particularity is the floor that presents slopes towards the center where there is a drain gate which collects meteoric water.

Courtyard plant.

There are three spaces signed as locals, the one in the north-west corner is an elevator, the other with almost the same shape in the diagonally opposite corner is a bell tower, and the biggest one is probably an abusive space create by prefabricated items to host a small relax area with a coffee machine and some chairs. Access to the courtyard is given basically by four doors, one on each side, and several windows are distributed at different levels. This weird position is due to the different ages of those buildings, and set clear limits to the winter garden project.

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As already mentioned, the courtyard is enclosed between two buildings that were already shaped by other group members, so my model could be a duplicate for those elements already present in the model. It is obvious that the attachment of those other two models (RSA and the convent) were not correct because of the unavailability of the point-cloud survey during the shaping phase. Thus, after the survey became available, the modeling phase started, with an high level of accuracy, trying to improve what already existed increasing the level of detail to what was considered satisfactory for a small portion like this one. Once the courtyard was shaped as described before, in order to avoid the repetition of all those items already shaped in the two models compositing the courtyard, it was necessary to split the model into two parts to be pasted into those model in order to replace the wrong parts.

Courtyard model with point-cloud survey.

Splitting the model into the others compositing the courtyard was not easy, because of many interferences with the existing models. It was necessary to delete many items and replace them with those shaped. Basically two attempts were made, using two different tools present in Revit. The first attempt was through the use of Copy/Monitor tool, the second one was using the more easy Copy/Paste command. In the following pages will be described those two approach.

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2.2.2 Parametric families:

Window parametric family 3D picture.

Parameters panel.

The most challenging and time consuming work was the creation of parametric families at a high level of complexity such as the windows that surround the courtyard. It was necessary to shape the windows because historical windows of that kind were not present in the pre - loaded families in Revit. This kind of families are defined as a high level of complexity [26], due to the multiple families nested in the final one. For example, the family shown in the pictures above is the result of many nested families. The first step was shaping the structure that hosts the windows, thus the wall hole, then the space that hosts the windowsill. Afterwards was shaped the sill, then the windowsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; proper structure beginning from the window sub-frame, passing through the frame containing the real window, composed by the frame and the glassed part. All those sub families are nested inside each others, that allowed the complete control of the whole family and permit to change dimensional parameters moving all the elements compositing the family coordinately. All the families created can be managed in the parameter settings. Basically were created two kinds of parameters: dimensional and material parameters, respectively divided in type and instance parameters, aimed at gaining complete control of all the aspects characterizing those windows.

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2.2.3 Model division: Copy/Monitor is a Revit tool that permits to share items between models. It has already been shortly described in the introduction chapter when the sharing methods were explained. It is a tool that allows to copy selected items from a model and paste them in another one. The peculiarity of this tool is that the item pasted can be monitored in the new model. In that way, when the item changes in the original file, an alert appears to notify that change. If operating in a federated file with the same coordinate system in both files, copied items will automatically go into the correct place. This would have been a perfect tool to split the model in two parts owned by two different files. However, an important minus with Copy/Monitor tool is that it is able to operate just with some kind of items and families, such as levels, columns, walls, floors. Thus it resulted impossible to copy many items compositing my model, for example all the windows were represented by simple rectangular holes in the walls. Due to these limits this tool was definitively discarded.

Items copied by the copy/monitor tool.

Above is shown the result of Copy/Monitor use. As said, it is able to copy just a few category items, which is clearly insufficient.

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Copy/Paste is a simple tool that allows to copy selected items and paste them into another file. Unlike the Copy/Monitor, it can be used with any kind of element. This is the second attempt but not really satisfactory, basically control between the origin file and destination file was not possible. It is just a simple copy/paste made into any software. Unfortunately, this was the only way to achieve the goal, i.e. to split the model into two others copying every item with all its properties and parameters. It was a slow and mechanical process to copy and paste every single item. This procedure as high potential for errors, like forgetting elements or pasting them in the wrong place.

Courtyard model split in the Convent and RSA files.

A complicated phase was to render organic the different parts (existing and attached ones), because only the courtyard was shaped correctly based on the point-cloud survey. Thus the task was to adapt the existing model to the new one composed by irregular walls as in reality. It required several tries to make all three models coincide.

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Copy/paste tool in RSA wing.

Pasting selected items into the final file is inaccurate as well. Anyway, the dashed guide line shows the right place to attach the selection. This operation has to be made by the operator, with the risk to make errors, unlike the previous attempt with Copy/Monitor tool where the selection was automatically pasted into the correct place.

The whole model after the split process.

Result is a detailed model, which became the central part of the project. The only one carefully shaped and based on a laser scanner survey, that represents the original point which the whole model is based on, and the starting point for a future improvement of this facility model.

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2.2.4 Preliminary project considerations in Formit: After those preliminary steps, aimed at preparing the context where the project will be inserted, started the real project phase, whose aim is it to design a winter garden to fill the empty space in the courtyard. This project is desired by all the people who daily live this complex and are affected by ill health, by their families, and by all those people who works here like doctors, nurses and people who manage the facility. Now it is used just in the warmer seasons, but the aim is to make this space livable during the whole year. The first real designing step was made to understand how the buildings that surround the courtyard affect this place with their shadows, and how to optimize the solar radiation. In order to make that kind of considerations was used a preliminary project software like Autodesk Formit, expressly created to make preliminary designing steps considering the environment characteristics, especially to make preliminary studies on shadows, orientation, sun analysis. A problem was immediately encountered in the exportation of the existing model from Revit to Formit, because the latter can read just some kind of elements, like mass, walls (with some exceptions), floors and few others. Thus the model was loaded into Formit, to be completed and integrated in the missing parts, by shaping directly in Formit environment, that allows a basic shaping very close to some other software like Sketchup where it is possible to design basic solids.

Courtyard model in Autodesk Formit.

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Solar analysis made on courtyard surfaces.

As said, it is possible to create some kind of analysis, like solar analysis shown in the picture above. It was very useful in a project like this where the solar radiation is a main aspect in the design process. Anyway it was not possible to extrapolate a precise output or a average value for solar radiation. The only output was a colored model based on the legend that shows a value in Kwh/sqm. It can be read just as a reference to better understand the solar incidence. This kind of analysis was made on the existing facades that surround the courtyard, and also on some project proposals for the winter garden.

Solar analysis made on project proposal surfaces.

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2.2.5 Project Model: As explained in the fifth sharing scheme the project was divided basically into four files, each one corresponding to one fields, i.e. architectural, structural, MEP and topographic. It was necessary to split the project and to use different templates according to the field where we were designing.

Structure: The first part designed was the structure, following a logical design path, so the structure was thought of as a steel frame based on a concrete foundation. Firstly was created a structural grid aimed at a precise placement of all items in the project. As explained in further on, it will be part of the identification code and will be useful for building site organization.

Structural grid.

As is possible to see, the structure was designed to respect the morphology of the existing complex. Not to cover the several windows present in the courtyard was a mandatory point to be respected. Distance between the lines of the structural grid was determined by the distance between the windows in the north facade. The main structure is represented by vertical lines from 1 to 4, and horizontal A, B, C. All the others horizontal lines are secondary beams.

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First part of the structure shaped are the foundations that are represented by concrete plinth positioned one meter deep below ground level. It was decided to use this kind of foundation for the small entity of the project that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t required a more complex foundation system.

Plinth foundations.

Then, for project managing necessity, were shaped the framework inside the concrete plinth and the quarterdeck aimed to show all the phases of the construction, so it was required the designing of all the components presents in the process.

Plinth surrounded by formworks.

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The second step was to position the steel columns. HE300A steel columns were used, one for each plinth, and bolted to the foundation.

Columns assembled on concrete foundations.

Steel connections were made with a Revit extension called Advance Steel Connection for Revit. This is a very useful tool and easy to manage it can create in a semi-automatic way steel connections between structural items which are modifiable through a parameter managing tool that allows the user to manage and change determinate parameters. One weakness of this extension is the impossibility to add new parameters, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also difficult to manage the existing parameters in the abacuses. The connection between the columns and the plinth is a Base plate bolted with four screws, all those parameters could be edited by means of the parameter panel shown in the following picture.

Steel connection between column and foundation detail made in Advance Steel.

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Following a logical path were created the beams, that are basically of two types: HE260A for the main warping and HE100A for secondary warping. All these beams, 23 in total, were shaped with several steel connections.

Main beams assembled.

In the picture below is shown a complex node between a pillar, an orthogonal beam and an sloped beam that required a multiple steal connection where many parameters were managed.

Steel connection between column and beam detail made in Advance Steel.

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The last step with regard to the structure was to create the secondary beams system composed by HE100A steel beams leaning on the main ones.

The complete winter garden structure.

In the picture above can be seen the whole structure, a simple structure based on a simplified orthogonal grid.

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Architectural: The architectural model is pretty basic. It consists mainly in glass parts which cover the entire winter garden. Glass was chosen because of its transparency and because it allows exploitation of solar radiation for eating the environment during winter. The fixtures compositing the cover are thought to be open as the frame used to close the winter garden in the courtyard at the ground level. In that way the project can be opened by more then 80% of external surfaces, in order to guarantee a complete environmental condition control, especially during the warmer seasons when the space inside the enclosure could become too hot to be comfortable. Beside the enclosures, the architectural model includes a new floor since the old one will be demolish in order to permit the digging for the foundations and the creation of a new slope in order to collect meteoric water in a new plumbing system.

Architectural items present in the model.

The picture above shows the components of the architectural model, i.e. the glass cover which, thanks to a motorized frame may be opened by two thirds, two big French windows which can be completely open, and some fixed glass surfaces.

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Architectural and structural models joined.

Chronologically,the first work to carried out is the new floor to be realized in two steps: first a concrete basement, then a finishing layer made by ceramic tiles posed above a thin sloping (under 1%) concrete layer in order to collect meteoric water.

Finish floor stratigraphy parameters.

Concrete floor stratigraphy parameters.

The pictures above show the material parameter settings. They also show the type of material, the width and the position related to the element layers, as well as some physics parameters that allow to check in real time the changing between layers and physics setting.

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It is very important to explain that many efforts were spent to shape the model elements in a way to reach the final aim of this thesis that is to focus on a 4D project. To do that, for example, the roof cover was shaped firstly as a curtain glass roof. Then, to make any of the windows compositing the system distinguishable and to allow the applicability of different parameters aimed at the project managing it became necessary to model a new family that represents a motorized window, and to apply it to the curtain glass roof system. In that way the cover is not composed anymore by panels impossible to be distinguished one from the other. Where possible, parameters were applied only to the entire roof system.

Activity code parameters underscored applied to a project item.

The concept becomes clear if one looks at the picture above which shows one of two parameters applied to one of the windows compositing the cover system. Here was used a position parameter aimed at defining exactly where the item is related to the structural grid, and a manufacture parameter connected to manufacture list made by Piedmont Region to allow a direct identification of what kind of work this element needs and what are the costs connected to this element and the relative work connected.

A roof window parametric family.

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MEP: Technological systems were required, and though they are only a secondary part of the project it was necessary to shape them, even without knowing the exact dimensions because of unavailability of physics calculation due to lack of time, and because they were not object of this work. This represents a weak point to be improved, maybe by students who will work on this facility in the future. The system project basically includes two kinds of installations. The most important one, in terms of costs, resources required and shaping phase efforts is for sure the HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning), made to accomplish the strong necessity to have in all climatic situations a controlled environment and to guarantee always good air quality, due to the specific conditions of the patients presents in the facility who need always specific climatic conditions. As said, the system project is made by an HVAC system and a plumbing system basically to collect meteoric water, because the project is in a open courtyard where collection of meteoric waters is mandatory.

An HVAC and plumbing systems 3D representation.

Above picture shows both systems used with all the items compositing them. This part was shaped in a different file, beginning from a dedicated template that allowed to design the installations very precisely.

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The HVAC system is shaped to be attached to the beams and to stay suspended at more then 4 meters above ground floor level in order to avoid interference with the activities that take place in this space. The designing phase of those kind of system is pretty easy in Revit, because it is made automatically. The only step required is to position the pipe unions and the conditioner. The software then creates many options to connect the items previously positioned, and the designer just has to choose which option results more congenial to the project.

HVAC system insert in the whole model.

Thus the HVAC installation in made by three pipe unions positioned in the best way to cover all the surface inside the winter garden in order to have a good ventilation. The system is composed by an initial part of conduct with a square section of 25x25 cm, and by three smaller conducts with 20x20 cm section. All the conducts are completed by special parts that will be listed as all other parts compositing the project in order to make the project managing, filled in with custom parameters as shown for the windows in the roof cover.

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The second part of this model, in designing phase was about the plumbing system. As already said this was a tiny part just aimed at collecting the meteoric waters, but was mandatory because the project is situated in an open courtyard. This system already exists, but has to be remade because of the demolition of the existing floor due to the foundations of the winter garden structure. A new plumbing system is necessary also because of the new floor slope and because of the two new French windows to close the winter garden in an area where is present a drain gate.

Plumbing system insert in the whole project.

The system is very simple. It is composed by two drain gates connected to each other by a 65 mm diameter tube increasing to 100 mm diameter after the second drain gate, to collect water coming from both. The tube was designed until the existing facility, imagining its connection to an existing plumbing system which, however, was not possible to locate with precision.

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2. Methodology

Topographical model: In project managing phase, that represents the following one, when all the tasks were listed, it became necessary to have a fourth model to be attached to the previous three. It is a topographic model whose only purpose is to represent the excavation to be made to create the concrete foundations.

Topographic model with the excavations.

It became necessary because it was mandatory to estimate the quantity of earth to be removed to make the foundations, that represent the first task after the demolition. Trough the use of Revit abacus it is easily possible to estimate the volume of ground to be removed in a very fast way and to establish a timing and make a cost forecast. These next steps will be explained in the following, entirely dedicated chapter.

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2. Methodology

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2. Methodology

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

METHODOLOGY

.1 SHARING STRATEGIES .2 SHAPING PHASE .3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

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2. Methodology

2.3.1 WBS:

1 WINTER GARD

1.1 Construction site preparation

1.2 Demolition

1.3 Structure

1.2.1 Bulding demolition 1.2.2 Floor demolition

1.4 New floor

1.3.1 Foundations

1.4.1 basement c

1.3.1.1 Dig

1.4.1.1 Structura

1.3.1.2 lean concrete trow

1.4.1.2 Formwor

1.3.1.3 Structural frame

1.4.1.3 Jet

1.3.1.4 Formwork

1.4.1.4 Vibration

1.3.1.5 Jet

1.4.1.5 Disarmam

1.3.1.6 Vibration

1.4.2 Finiture tile

1.3.1.7 Disarmament

1.3.2 Pillars 1.3.2.1 Base plate connections 1.3.2.2 6m pillars 1.3.2.3 7m pillars

1.3.3 Main beams 1.3.3.1 Column beam set angle connections 1.3.3.2 3.9m main beams 1.3.3.3 Knee of frame at web with plate 1.3.3.4 Knee of frame bolted 1.3.3.5 Apex Haunch 1.3.3.6 Travi primarie m 5.5 1.3.3.7 travi primarie m 3.2

1.3.4 Secundary beams 1.3.4.1 Purlin connections 1.3.4.2 8m secundary beams 1.3.4.3 11.25 m secundary beams

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2. Methodology

DEN PROJECT

1.5 Plumbing system

conceret floor

1.6 HVAC system

1.7 External partitions

1.8 Building site dismiss

1.5.1 Manholes

1.6.1 25x25 straight conduct

al frame

1.5.2 65mm staight tube

1.6.2 20x20 straight conduct

1.7.1.1 Motorized windows

1.5.3 100 mm staight tube

1.6.3 25x25 curved conduct

1.7.1.2 Fixed window

1.5.2 65mm curved tube

1.6.4 20x20 curved conduct

1.5.3 100 mm staight tube

1.6.5 Pipes union

ment

floor

1.7.1 Cover roof

1.7.2 Vertical partitions 1.7.2.1 Fixed glass

1.6.6 Transition conduct 1.6.7 Cross conduct 1.6.8 Conditioner

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1.7.2.2 French windows

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

The WBS creation was the first step towards complete knowledge of all the task required to accomplish the project. As shortly explained in the introduction chapter, the Work Breakdown Structure is aimed at decomposing in a hierarchical way all the activities connected to the project. In this case activities are strictly connected to materials required, based on the Piedmont price list. At first stage, the tasks were split into eight bigger categories, i.e.: Construction site preparation, Demolition, Structure, New floor, Plumbing system, HVAC system, External partitions and Building site dismissal. These categories were identified in order to have a generalized first classification. Subsequently, they were divided into more specific tasks. It is possible to deduce from the WBS scheme that the structure is the main part of the whole project, the one that requires more tasks to be accomplished, and surely the category that need more time to be finished. As regards structure, it is possible to decompose the whole hierarchical scale, because the first degree, as said, is represented by â&#x20AC;&#x153;structureâ&#x20AC;? split into: Foundations, Pillars, Main beams and secondary beams, all of which, in turn, are divided into smallest tasks representing the last degree of this hierarchical scale. The WBS is represented by a sequence of numbers separated by points. Every number represents a degree of the scale as shown below. 8m Secondary beam WBS code:

1.3.4.2 First degree (Winter Garden)

Fourth degree Structure (8m beam) Third degree (Secodary beams)

Second degree (Structure)

In this way, the decomposition is clear and easy to be managed and improved adding more tasks when required. The WBS was come up with in project management field, in order to have an initial decomposition aimed at giving a clear overview of all tasks. Then the whole code was implemented by the creation of another more complex code which includes further informations.

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2.3.2 Activity Code:

2. Methodology

Following the WBS structure and after a thorough analysis of the existing codification standards present in construction industry, it became necessary to create a customized code to be applied to all items present in the project, in order to get a clear classification of all elements and a bidirectional correspondence between the model in Autodesk Revit and the time schedule made in Microsoft Project. The code created is split in three main parts that include a large range of information. They all were considered important in a project management scenario. Anyway, because of the high level of complexity of the code, only the first part is used in the construction simulation, leaving the others parts as a theoretical implementation for a more complex project. The first code part was created following the WBS scheme. It was applied to all elements exactly as developed in WBS and explained in the previous pages in order to have an univocal identification for all elements. The second part of the code represents the position of each item inside the model and is based on the grid made in the structural model. This second part will not be used, because the specificity degree does not go beyond the Type in Revit, being the position an Instance attribute, that characterizes every single element. The last part of the codification is the correspondent code in the Piedmont price list that represents the work required for each item to be done, and it contains other information such as prices and labor percentage.

1.3.2.2_A1_01.A18.A20.005

WBS Code Work Code (Piedmont price list)

Position Code (structural grid)

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2. Methodology

Keynote labels applied to some structural items.

The second part represents the grid above. Anyway, as said, it was not applied to the items because after thorough consideration, due to the very small size of the project it was thought to be useless to distinguish in the project management equal elements positioned in different places. Due to the short work time related to them, these items it would require an extremely detailed time schedule by hours instead of a more manageable daily schedule. It was included at the beginning but definitely not applied once understood its uselessness. Instead the position code could be a very useful and powerful tool in big size building sites, where the spacial organization in an high complex environment is recommended. The last part represents the work required per item, it is useful to carry out the following step in a project management process, i.e. the 5D, represented by costs. source is the Piedmont price list. It was not used to make Sezione 01:Official Opere Edili a 4D simulation but to apply prices in order to have a costs overview that was Codice one of the main goals of EurothisManod thesis. % Manod % Descrizione U.M. Codice Descrizione U.M. Euro lorda

01.A17.N00.030

204

01.A17.N00.035

01.A17.N00.040

01.A17.N00.045

Piedmont price

01.A17.N00.050

Piccole riparazioni di tende alla veneziana comprendente la rimozione della tenda,revisione dei meccanismi di manovra, la sostituzione delle funicelle, il ricollocamento della tenda: 27,50% al m del prezzo della tenda nuova Medie riparazioni di tende alla veneziana comprendenti la rimozione della tenda, la sostituzione di parte dei meccanismi di manovra, la sostituzione delle funicelle o dei nastri a scaletta, il ricollocamento in opera della tenda: 55% al m del prezzo del Revisione di serramenti in legno consistente nel ritocco alle battute nella revisione della ferramenta senza applicazione dei rappezzi: 8% del prezzo del serramento nuovo Piccole riparazioni di serramenti in legno consistenti nell’applicazione rappezzi in legno ai[57] monlistdiexcerpt tanti ed alle traverse, revisione della ferramenta, aggiustaggio delle battute: 15% del prezzo del serramento nuovo Medie riparazioni di serramenti in legno consistenti in rappezzi ai montanti ed alle traverse,sostituzione di qualche parte in legno secondaria, sostituzione di parte della ferramenta,raddrizzatura ai montanti riassestati ed incollatura di parti rotte: 25% del prezzo del

Manod

lorda

01.A18

Manod

OPERE DA FABBRO Nota: 1) la saldatura, nelle opere in cui e’ prevista, e’ stata computata aumentando del 7% la quantita’ riguardante la provvista del materiale metallico. 2) i serramenti metallici che vengono pagati a mq debbono essere dimensionati in modo da poter superare la prova di inflessione e quella sottocarico. 3) i collocamenti in opera comprendono la provvista e posa di ali e tasselli, e, dove occorrano, gli scalpellamenti, il piantamento delle bocchette sul pavimento, il trasporto del manufatto dal deposito al luogo di posa l’opera del muratore e l’assistenza del fabbro alla posa

27,50

55,00

8,00

15,00

140

01.A18.A10

Carpenteria per grandi orditure o industrializzata, capriate, tralicci, pilastri e simili,compresa coloritura ad una ripresa di antiruggine, escluse le sole opere murarie

01.A18.A10.005

In ferro in profilati normali e lavorazione saldata

1,96

0,74 37,96%

01.A18.A10.010

In ferro in profilati normali e lavorazione chiodata o bullonata

2,44

0,88 35,88%

01.A18.A20

Posa in opera di carpenterie in ferro,per grandi orditure, tralicci, capriate, pilastri e simili

01.A18.A20.005

In profilati normali con lavorazione saldata, chiodata o bullonata

01.A18.A23

Carpenteria leggera costituita da tralicci a u o a v elettrosaldati dell’altezza fino a cm 20 esterni, data in opera nelle casseforme, non verniciata, per l’armatura di travetti, coppelle e lastre

01.A18.A23.005

In acciaio tondo nervato B450C

01.A18.A25

Carpenteria varia per piccoli lavori non di serie, come travi isolate, opere di rinforzo, passerelle pedonali, centine, archi, capriatelle, pilastri composti, compresa la verniciatura ad una ripresa antiruggine

01.A18.A25.005

A lavorazione chiodata o bullonata

4,67

3,54 75,81%

01.A18.A25.010

A lavorazione saldata

4,16

3,03 72,82%

01.A18.A30

Profilati dell’altezza di almeno cm 10 forniti con una ripresa di antiruggine

2,77

3,45

2,44 88,21%

2,77 80,30%

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Structural items abacus, with activity code parts.

The entire code was created in the abacuses by combining the three existing parameters previously explained. Although only the key note was used as a Type parameter in the time schedule in the Gantt chart, the predisposition to this more complex code was made at a previous stage when the uselessness in small projects had not been considered. Anyway the creation of a mixed code obtained by combining Type and Instance parameters cannot be applied to the items through the abacuses. Instead should be created an operation passing through Dynamo, a visual programming tool, that permit to manipulate different parameters, combining and finally applying them to selected items.

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2.3.3 Key note, code insertion in Revit : The WBS parameter was applied to all elements present in the model through the Key Note parameter. That is an existing Type parameter already present in Revit, as explained in the introduction chapter. Element parameters in Revit are split in Type and Instance parameters. In this case was used a Type parameter like the Key Note to insert the code into the model, because it was not considered important to specify the position of each element. The items identifications in a WBS structure is enough to accomplish the project management goal. In order to import the WBS code into Revit and use it as a Key Note parameter it was necessary make a tabs content. Once all the WBS structure, is imported into Revit it is easy to apply a Key Note to each element. To make the table readable by Revit, the whole WBS structure was created in Excel content. As shown in the next page, the Excel sheet contains the WBS code, a short element description and a hierarchical structure that allows Revit to recognize the classification and make it quickly selectable. The Key Note can be also applied to materials. Anyway, this possibility was not used in this case, due to the absence of complex elements composed by different materials such as a multi stratigraphy wall.

Keynote parameter assignment.

In the picture above is shown the Key note panel, opened from the Type property, where it is possible to choose the key note from a hierarchically structured table imported into Revit as a .txt file, obtained from the following Excel table.

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1 Giardino d'inverno 1.3 Struttura 1.3.1 Fondazioni 1.3.1.1 Scavo fondazione 1.3.1.2 Magrone di sottofondo 1.3.1.3 Armatura plinto 1.3.1.4 Cassero Plinto 1.3.1.5 Plinto 1.3.2 Pilastri 1.3.2.1 Base Plate 1.3.2.2 h=6m 1.3.2.3 h=7m 1.3.3 Travi principali 1.3.3.1 Column beam seat angle 1.3.3.2 l=3,9m 1.3.3.3 Knee of frame at web with plate 1.3.3.4 Knee of frame bolted 1.3.3.5 Apex Haunch 1.3.3.6 l=5,5m 1.3.3.7 l=3,2m 1.3.4 Travi secondarie 1.3.4.1 Purlin connection 1.3.4.2 l=8m 1.3.4.3 l=11,25m 1.4 Pavimento 1.4.1 Sottofondo cls 1.4.2 Finitura piastrelle su magrone 1.5 Impianto Idraulico 1.5.1 Scarico pavimento 1.5.2 tubazione dritta d=65mm 1.5.3 tubazione dritta d=100mm 1.5.4 tubazione curva d=65mm 1.5.5 tubazione curva d=100mm 1.5.6 Tubazione transizione 1.6 Ventilazione 1.6.1 condotto dritto 0,25x0,25 1.6.2 condotto dritto 0,2x0,2 1.6.3 condotto curvo 0,25x0,25 1.6.4 condotto curvo 0,20x0,20 1.6.5 Diffusore mandata 1.6.6 Condotto rettangolare transizione 1.6.7 Condotto rettangolare croce 1.6.8 UTA 1.7 Partizione esterna 1.7.1 Finestra copertura .txt file containing thetripla WBS motorizzata code, loaded in Revit. 1.7.1.1 Finestra con binario integrato 1.7.1.2 Finestra fissa 1.7.2 Partizione verticale 143 1.7.2.1 Vetrata fissa 1.7.2.2 Porta a libro

1 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3.1 1.3 1.3.2 1.3.2 1.3.2 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3.3 1.3 1.3.4 1.3.4 1.3.4 1 1.4 1.4 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.1 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.2

2. Methodology

1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1 1.3 1.3 1.3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.7 1.7 1 1.7 1.7

1 1 1 1

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.3.4 Revit phases: The first step done to manage the fourth dimension was to create different phases in Revit. The project phases in Revit are a powerful tool that allows to manage all the items present in a model related to the correspondent phase. This tool result very useful in the abacus manage making some phase filters to separate and apply each element to the correspondent phase, thus avoiding for example information overlapping due to the mixing of elements coming from different phases. In this case were created several phases in all files composing the federate model, to allow a correct visualization in a temporal scale, beginning from the demolition of the existing floor, passing through the excavation, until the real construction from the foundation till the finish. It is also possible to match all the phases coming from different files by creating a correspondence between them in order to not lose the single file phases in the linked model.

Phases creation in Revit.

The phasesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; creation in Revit did not result useful to the final 4D simulation, because the timing was managed in a more complex and detailed way using tools like Gantt chart and a time schedule in MS Project. Anyway, splitting various items connected to their faces is a good method to obtain ordered classification that can be very useful in big dimension projects where the abacuses may contain thousands of items. Phase classification can make the model more manageable, and quantity counts related to each phase can be essential.

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2. Methodology

2.3.5 Time schedule Gantt chart: The most important moment in a 4D project is the redaction of a time schedule thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a powerful tool widely used i many industry environments, not only in the construction industry and can be applied to all production activities. It consists in associating a portion of time to each task previously individuated in the WBS. In this case, the goal was also to implement the project with a costs analysis and to reach the fifth dimension applying to each task the resources in terms of costs. The Gantt chart developed for the first time in 1917 by the American engineer Henry Laurence Gantt [58], it is an easily readable time schedule where to each task is applied a portion of time, i.e. a start and end time, a resource in terms of material, work or cost resource. In that way is possible to manage in one integrated tool all data concerning costs, time, human resources and to monitor in real time the accomplishing degree of the project. This permits to have a complete overview of the process and a detailed control of all the entities that have an influence on the construction process. In order to create a time schedule was used an apposite software, i.e. Microsoft Project, which allows to import the previous WBS and to apply a portion of time to each task, showing directly a Gantt representation, that is a chart composed by time on the horizontal axis, and the tasks on the vertical. In order to have a tidier organization, the software creates relationship between the tasks. Four types of relationship are possible: End - Start: This is the most common relationship used. The following activity begins when the previous one ends. Start - Start: Two or more activities begin at the same time. End - End: Two activities are connected by the final date, so they can start at different moments but must finish on the same date. Start - End: The selected activity has to end when the other starts. As previously introduced in MS Project, is possible to load for each task the correspondent resources that allow the highest control level, through the working team organization, avoiding overlapping of tasks and enabling precise workers organization.

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2. Methodology

In order to have a complete time schedule and a detailed organization, it is also important to insert into the MS Project other parameters aimed at specifying some significant aspects in the building site organization: - Homogeneous working groups: First step is to divide all tasks by main group. This subdivision helps to monitor the activities and the workers in order to organize in a temporal way the entire process. - Intervention squad: Determining the number of employees required to accomplish the project is one of the first steps. It is important to establish who is to do a determinate task and when. For example, in an excavation job, one will move the excavator, two will place the ground and possibly a fourth person helping in case of need. - Costs: As said, in the Gantt chart are entered also the costs in form of resources. Costs can be of material or work force. They were taken from the Piedmont prices list. - Working hours: It is also mandatory to enter a working hours program, that simply defines the daily working hours. A normal time schedule was used. The final report shows the total amount of working hours. Adaption to special necessities and possible issues is feasible. - Working days: These are the days normally worked in a week, i.e. Monday to Friday, from 8 to 12 a.m. and from 1 to 5 p.m. resulting in 40 work hours per week for all employees. - Works overlapping: In order to avoid overlapping of tasks as well as multiple employee assignment, MS Project generates an alert notice. Overlapping can be planned in a correct way if into more employees. It results clearly wrong if one employee has more then one task assigned at the same time.

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2. Methodology

Focus should be made on the timing sources. It results clear that there is a leak of information about timing in construction industry. Only for what concerns the metal structure was possible find a safe source, though 40 years old, it was used. For all others activities was consulted professor Fabio Manzone who is an expert in construction tasks timing. He provided all the missing data, based on his personal experience.

Assembly timing table, for steel structure [59]

The table shows the timing for different tasks such as transport, dump and assembly giving a timing based on the elements weight, calculated in hour / ton. All these factors were calculated in Revit abacuses through the new parameter creation, obtaining the mass from the multiplication of two existing parameters such as density and volume.

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Pillars abacus with assembly time calculation.

Beams abacus with assembly time calculation.

These two abacuses illustrate what said before. The two existing parameters like volume and density, when multiplied, result in the mass of all elements. Then all are multiplied by the correspondent value, representing the time needed to dump, move and assemble all those structural elements, resulting in the final count of all the hours required to accomplish those tasks, that represent a main structural model. The use of abacuses is one of the strengths of BIM. There is no possibility of information leak between the model and those kind of reports, because the abacuses are just a representation of the parameters present in each model element, where it is possible to combine, add and make operations between parameters. Thus, this is the way used to obtain a timing for what concerns the structure, which was entered into MS Project to make the Gantt chart. The source used shows a range for each value, always the lowest value was taken because of the obsolescence off the 40 year old source. Otherwise, the values of the single voices could result excessive.

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2. Methodology

Piedmont price list

Costs parameters

BIM Model

Internal parameters

Revit abacuses

volume, density, mass, ecc.

Timing parameters

External consulting

Woriking hours

Written references

Total Costs

Time schedule MS Project

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Modalità attività

Nome attività

Durata

Inizio

Fine aprile 2018

1 Progetto Giardino d'Inverno 81 g mar 08/05/18mar 28/08/18 2 1.1 Allestimento Cantiere 3g mar 08/05/18gio 10/05/18 3 1.2 Demolizione 8g lun 14/05/18mer 23/05/18 4 1.2.1 Demolizione fabbricato macchinette 2g lun 14/05/18 mar 15/05/18 5 1.2.2 Demolizione Pavimentazione 5g gio 17/05/18 mer 23/05/18 6 1.3 Fondazioni 13 g gio 24/05/18 lun 11/06/18 7 1.3.1 Scavo 2g gio 24/05/18 ven 25/05/18 8 1.3.2 Getto magrone 1g lun 28/05/18 lun 28/05/18 9 1.3.3 Armatura 2g mar 05/06/18mer 06/06/18 10 1.3.4 Casseratura 2g mar 05/06/18mer 06/06/18 11 1.3.5 Getto 1g gio 07/06/18 gio 07/06/18 12 1.3.6 Vibratura 1g gio 07/06/18 gio 07/06/18 13 1.3.7 Disarmo 1g lun 11/06/18 lun 11/06/18 14 1.4 Pilastri 3g mar 17/07/18ven 20/07/18 15 1.4.1 Connessione Base Plate 0g mar 17/07/18mar 17/07/18 16 1.4.2 Montaggio pilastri 6m 2g mer 18/07/18gio 19/07/18 17 1.4.3 Montaggio pilastri 7m 1g ven 20/07/18ven 20/07/18 18 1.5 Nuovo Pavimento 19 g lun 23/07/18gio 16/08/18 19 1.5.1 Pavimento di battuto in cemento4 g lun 23/07/18 gio 26/07/18 20 1.5.2 Pavimento finitura 6g gio 09/08/18 gio 16/08/18 21 1.6 Impianto idraulico 1 g gio 26/07/18 ven 27/07/18 ID Modalità Nome attività Durata Inizio Fine aprile 2018 22 1.6.1 Scarico a pavimento 1g ven 27/07/18ven 27/07/18 attività 23 1.6.2 Tubazione dritta d 65mm 1g ven 27/07/18ven 27/07/18 24 1.6.3Attività Tubazione dritta d 100 mm 1 g Riepilogo inattiva ven 27/07/18ven 27/07/18 25 1.6.4Divisione Tubazione a gomito d 65mm 0 g Attività manuale gio 26/07/18 gio 26/07/18 26 1.6.5Cardine Tubazione a gomito d 100mm 0 g Solo-duratagio 26/07/18 gio 26/07/18 Progetto: Winter Garden Trom 27 1.7 Travi primarie 6 g Riporto riepilogo lun 30/07/18lun 06/08/18 Riepilogo manuale Data: lun 18/06/18 28 1.7.1 Montaggio Column beam seat angle 1g lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 Riepilogo progetto Riepilogo manuale 29 1.7.2 Montaggio travi primarie 3.9m 2 g lun 30/07/18 mar 31/07/18 Attività inattiva Solo inizio 30 1.7.3 Montaggio Knee of frame at 1g mer mer 01/08/18 Cardine inattiva Solo-fine web with plate 01/08/18 31 1.7.4 Montaggio Knee of frame bolted 1 g gio 02/08/18 gio 02/08/18 Pagina 1 32 1.7.5 Montaggio Apex Haunch 0g gio 02/08/18 gio 02/08/18 33 1.7.6 Montaggio travi primarie m 5.5 2 g ven 03/08/18lun 06/08/18 34 1.7.7 Montaggio travi primarie m 3.2 1 g lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 35 1.8 Impianto ventilazione 13 g mar 07/08/18gio 23/08/18 36 1.8.1 Montaggio condotto dritto 0.25x0.25 1g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 37 1.8.2 Montaggio condotto dritto 0.20x0.20 1g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 38 1.8.3 Montaggio condotto curvo 0.25x0.25 1g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 39 1.8.4 Montaggio condotto curvo 0.20x0.20 1g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 40 1.8.5 Montaggio diffusore mandata 1 g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 41 1.8.6 Condotto rettangolare croce 1g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 42 1.8.7 Condotto rettangolare transizione1 g mar 07/08/18mar 07/08/18 43 1.8.8 Montaggio UTA 1g gio 23/08/18 gio 23/08/18 ID Modalità Nome attività Durata Inizio Fine aprile 2018 44 1.9 Travi secondarie 1 g mer 08/08/18mer 08/08/18 attività 45 1.9.1Attività Montaggio Purlin connection 1 g Riepilogo inattiva mer 08/08/18mer 08/08/18 46 1.9.2 Montaggio travi secondarie 8m 1 g mer 08/08/18mer 08/08/18 Divisione Attività manuale 47 1.9.3 Montaggio travi secondarie 11.25m 1g mer 08/08/18mer 08/08/18 Cardine Solo-durata 48 Progetto: Winter Garden Trom 1.10 Partizioni esterne 6g ven 17/08/18ven 24/08/18 Riepilogo Riporto riepilogo manuale Data: 49 lun 18/06/18 1.10.1 Montaggio partizioni verticali 3 g ven 17/08/18mar 21/08/18 Riepilogo progetto Riepilogo manuale 50 1.10.1.1 Porta finestra a libro 2g ven 17/08/18lun 20/08/18 Attività inattiva Solo inizio 51 1.10.1.2 Vetrata fissa 1g mar 21/08/18mar 21/08/18 Cardine inattiva Solo-fine 52 1.10.2 Montaggio finestre copertura 3 g mer 22/08/18ven 24/08/18 53 1.10.2.1 Finestre automatizzate 3g mer 22/08/18ven 24/08/18 Pagina 2 54 1.10.2.2 Finestra fissa 1g mer 22/08/18mer 22/08/18 55 1.11 Dismissione cantiere 2g lun 27/08/18 mar 28/08/18

150

2. Methodology

Testo 3

maggio 2018 30 03 06 09

Operaio1;Op Operaio1;Ope

Demol Demoliz

1.3.1.1 1.3.1.2 1.3.1.3 1.3.1.4 1.3.1.5 1.3.1.5 1.3.1.5 1.3.2.1 1.3.2.2 1.3.2.3 1.4.1 1.4.2 Testo 3

1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 Attività esterne 1.5.4 Cardine esterno 1.5.5 Scadenza

maggio 2018 30 03 06 09

Avanzamento

1.3.3.1 Avanzamento manuale 1.3.3.2 1.3.3.3 1.3.3.4 1.3.3.5 1.3.3.6 1.3.3.7 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.7 1.6.6 1.6.8

Testo 3

1.3.4.1 Attività esterne 1.3.4.2 Cardine esterno 1.3.4.3

maggio 2018 30 03 06 09

Scadenza

Avanzamento Avanzamento manuale

1.7.2.2 1.7.2.1 1.7.1.1 1.7.1.2

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

giugno 2018 30 02 05 08

luglio 2018 29 02 05 08

agosto 2018 29 01 04 07

2. Methodology 16

settembre 2018 31 03 06 09

peraio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 eraio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

lizione locale[0,67];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 zione locale[0,67];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

Demolizionepavimento[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 pavimento[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 Demolizione 11/06

Scavo[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 Scavo[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 Magrone sottofondo[1];Operaio1;Operaio2 Armatura[1];Operaio3;Operaio4 Cassero[1];Operaio2;Operaio1

Calcestruzzo[1];Getto calcestruzzo[1];Operaio1;Operaio2 Vibratura[1];Operaio3;Operaio4

Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3 17/07

Acciaio pilastri 6m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

Acciaio pilastri 7m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 Pavimento cemento[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

Pavimento finitura[1];Operaio specializzato1;Operaio s

giugno 2018 02 05 08

Progetto: Winter Garden Trom Data: lun 18/06/18

luglio 2018 02 05 08

agosto 2018

settembre 2018

Scarico acque[1];Operaio specializzato1 29 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 Tubazione 65mm[1];Operaio specializzato2 Tubazione 100mm[1];Operaio1

Attività

Riepilogo inattiva

Attività esterne

Divisione

Attività manuale

Cardine esterno

Cardine

Solo-durata

Scadenza

Riepilogo

Riporto riepilogo manuale

Avanzamento

Riepilogo progetto

Riepilogo manuale

Avanzamento manuale

Attività inattiva

Solo inizio

Cardine inattiva

Solo-fine

26/07 26/07

Travi principali 3.9m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

Pagina 4 02/08

Travi principali 5.5m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4

Travi principali 3.2m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2;Operaio3;Operaio4 Condotto dritto 25x25[1] Condotto dritto 20x20[1] Condotto curvo 25x25[1] Condotto curvo 20x20[1] Diffusore di mandata[1]

Condotto rettangolare croce[1]

Condotto rettangolare transizione[1] 24

giugno 2018 27 30 02 05 08

Progetto: Winter Garden Trom Data: lun 18/06/18

luglio 2018 29 02 05 08

agosto 2018 29 01 04 07

UTA[1]

Attività

Riepilogo inattiva

Divisione

Attività manuale

Cardine

Solo-durata

Riepilogo

Riporto riepilogo manuale

Riepilogo progetto

Riepilogo manuale

Attività inattiva

Solo inizio

Cardine inattiva

Solo-fine

Pagina 5

151

settembre 2018 31 03 06 09

ot 3

Attività esterne

Travi secondarie 8m[1];Operaio1;Operaio2 Cardine esterno

Travi secondarie 11.25m[1];Operaio3;Operaio4 Scadenza

Avanzamento Avanzamento manuale

Portafinestra a libro[1];Operaio specializzato1;Ope

Finestra copertura motorizzata[1];Operaio1;O

Finestra copertura fissa[1];Operaio4

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

In the Gantt chart made to have a detailed time schedule it is possible to understand how complex can be a construction management process, if for such as a small dimension project, constituted by a basic level of complexity, were managed many tasks combined with resources and costs. All the tasks represent a Type in the Revit model, associated by the WBS code entered into Revit as Key Note passing trough the process previously described, and in MS Project as a value present in the last column of the previous picture, entering the WBS code manually, that means errors are possible during this data filling phase. The first column in the Gantt chart represents task numbering, basically in temporal order, as though in the work program. In the following column are written the tasksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; names, in terms of a short description, just to easily identify the tasks. Beside was created automatically a WBS code by MS Project, that does not match the one created by the operator that is compositing the activity code used in the construction management process. Every task then has an initial and final date, established by the construction manager, in this case obtained by the previous calculus for what concerns the steel structure or the values provided by professor Fabio Manzone. Then, the last column contains the WBS code applied also to the Revit model and useful to have a direct connection between the element and the correspondent task in the simulation software such as Navisworks that will be treated in the following pages. In the chart composed by horizontal lines representing the tasks, easily readable where length represents the craft duration, and with a proper symbology is also represented the relationship between the activities. Further, to each lines are associated the resources needed to accomplish the selected activity. MS Project can also make some reports about costs, employees and work organization, that is a very powerful tool to manage all the aspects in a construction management process in construction industry.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.3.6 Resources and 5D: In the Gantt chart it is possible to see all the material resources used in the project, obtained through the Piedmont price list, applied to the respective values calculated in the Revit abacuses. Thus, the time schedule in MS project integrated with the BIM model reaches the fifth dimension. One goal of this thesis was to have a 5 dimensions complete managing of a simply project passing trough the BIM use. As said, the costs are calculated using the following price list that includes also the labor percentage. Thus was obtained a complete price including materials and labor. The process was calculated through the abacuses in BIM environment, achieving an estimation of the quantity for each element. Then each quantity was multiplied by the corresponding cost identified in the price list, and finally applied to the Gantt chart where timing and costs are included and subsequently applied to the model. In the following pages are shown the complete tables containing all the elements present in the project, with the respective costs, quantities and a short labor description taken from the Piedmont price list.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Picture

Name

Work

2. Methodology

Quantity Price

Cost

EXCAVATION

Scavo in trincea a pareti verticali di materie di qualunque natura purche’ rimovibili senza l’uso di mazze e scalpelli, compresa ogni armatura occorrente per assicurare la stabilita’ delle pareti, con sbadacchiature leggere, compresa l’estrazione con qualsiasi mezzo delle materie scavate ed il loro deposito a lato dello scavo. Con mezzo meccanico ed eventuale intervento manuale ove necessario, fino alla profondita’ di m 3 e per un volume di almeno m³ 1.

122 m3

17,4

1.948,80 €

LEAN CONCRETE

Sottofondo per pavimenti di spessore fino a cm 15 Formato con calcestruzzo cementizio avente resi-stenza caratteristica di kg/cm² di 150, per ogni cm di spessore e per superfici di almeno m² 0,20

56 m2

3,53

197,68 €

QUARTERDECK

Casserature per strutture in cemento armato, semplice o precompresso, asezione ridotta quali solette, traversi etc., compreso il puntellamento ed il disarmo misurando esclusivamente lo sviluppo delle parti a contatto dei getti In legname di qualunque forma

38,40 m2

43,37

1.665,41 €

1,5 Kg

234,45

351,67 €

98,34 m3

23,04

2.265,75 €

37,95 m3

23,04

874,37 €

ARMATURE

CONCRETE PLINTH

CASTING

Barre per cemento armato lavorate e disposte in opera secondo gli schemi di esecuzioneIn acciaio ad aderenza migliorataB450A o B450C per gli usi consentitidalle norme vigenti Calcestruzzo a prestazione garantita, in accordo alla UNI EN 206-1, per strutture di fondazione (plinti, cordoli, pali, travi rovesce, paratie, platee) e muri interrati a contatto con terreni non aggressivi, classe di esposizione ambientale xc2 (UNI 11104), classe di consistenza al getto S4, Dmax aggregati 32 mm, Cl 0.4; fornitura a piè d’opera, escluso ogni altro onere: per plinti con altezza <1.5m, platee di fondazione e muri di spessore < 80 cm. Getto in opera di calcestruzzo cementizio eseguito con l’ausilio della gru compreso il nolo della stessa. In strutture di fondazione.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

VIBRATION

PILLARS

BEAMS HE260

BEAMS HE100

CONCRETE BASEMENT FLOOR

FINISH TILES FLOOR

MANHOLE

Vibratura mediante vibratore adimmersione, compreso il compensoper la maggiore quantita’ dimateriale impiegato, noleggio vibratore e consumo energia elettrica o combustibile Carpenteria per grandi orditure o industrializzata, capriate, tralicci, pilastri e simili,compresa coloritura ad una ripresa di antiruggine, escluse le sole opere murarie In ferro in profilatinormali e lavorazione chiodata o bullonata. Carpenteria per grandi orditure o industrializzata, capriate, tralicci, pilastri e simili,compresa coloritura ad una ripresa di antiruggine, escluse le sole opere murarie In ferro in profilatinormali e lavorazione chiodata o bullonata. Carpenteria per grandi orditure o industrializzata, capriate, tralicci, pilastri e simili,compresa coloritura ad una ripresa di antiruggine, escluse le sole opere murarie In ferro in profilatinormali e lavorazione chiodata o bullonata. Pavimento di battuto in cemento, lisciato e bocciardato, spessore cm 10, con calcestruzzo a dosaggio 200 kg, compreso spolvero di cemento in ragione di kg 5 per m². Servizio materiali eseguito con l’ausilio di mezzi di sollevamento (Per ogni cm in più di spessore aumento del 12%) Posa in opera di pavimento in piastrelle di monocottura e similari, eseguita con idoneo adesivo cementizio conforme alla norma UNI EN 12004, compresa la sigillatura dei giunti con idoneo stucco cementizio, escluso il sottofondo

Fornitura di caditoie o chiusini con telaio in PVC antiurto, con portata minimagarantita di q1011 di carico concentrato, adatti per marciapiedi, cortili,impianti sportivi, aree verdi. Per pozzetti in cemento dimensioni cm40X40

155

8,55 m3

2. Methodology

23,04

196,99 €

2,44 Kg

5367,28 13.098,60 €

2,44 Kg

4314,91 10.528,38 €

2,44 Kg

1230,44

3.002,27 €

41,38 m2 210,67

8.717,52 €

39,24 m3 210,67

8.266,69 €

38,78 cad

77,56 €

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

TUBES 65mm

Posa in opera di tubazioni, raccordi e pezzi speciali, per condotte di fognatura, tubi pluviali, etc, per condotte tanto verticali quanto orizzontali, compresa la saldatura elettrica deigiunti, staffe in ferro per ogni giunto se verticali e staffe speciali per ogni giunto se orizzontali fissate ai solai,esclusi gli eventuali scavi e reinterri. in polietilene duro tipo Geberit pe

10,01 m

9,24

92,44 €

TUBES 100 mm

13,33 m

9,22

122,84 €

4999,1 cad

4.999,10 €

16,15 Kg

82,33

1.329,57 €

16,15 Kg

19,43

313,79 €

16,15 Kg

4,67

75,42 €

UTA

AIR CONDUCT

AIR CONDUCT CURVED

AIR CONDUCT JUNCTION

Provvista e posa in opera di armadi condizionatori raffreddati ad aria: Per potenzialita’ fino a 9000 fr/h

Provvista e posa in opera di canalizzazione in lamiera di acciaio inox, di qualsiasi sezione, tipo graffato o chiodato o saldato, di qualsiasi dimensione, forma o spessore, comprese eventuali flange per giunzioni, staffe o tiranti di sostegno, opere murarie, ecc. Provvista e posa in opera di canalizzazione in lamiera di acciaio inox, di qualsiasi sezione, tipo graffato o chiodato o saldato, di qualsiasi dimensione, forma o spessore, comprese eventuali flange per giunzioni, staffe o tiranti di sostegno, opere murarie, ecc. Provvista e posa in opera di canalizzazione in lamiera di acciaio inox, di qualsiasi sezione, tipo graffato o chiodato o saldato, di qualsiasi dimensione, forma o spessore, comprese eventuali flange per giunzioni, staffe o tiranti di sostegno, opere murarie, ecc.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

AIR CONDUCT SPECIAL SHAPES

AIR CONDUCT PIPE UNION

FRENCH WINDOW

MOTORIZED ROOF WINDOW

FIX ROOF WINDOW

Fornitura e Posa in opera di Serramenti metallici esterni, completi di telaio in profilati a taglio termico e vetro montato tipo camera bassoemissivo, per finestre, e portefinestre con marcatura CE (UNI EN 14351-1),di qualunque forma, tipo, dimensione e numero di battenti profili fermavetro, gocciolatoio, serratura, ferramenta e maniglia. Con trasmittanza termica complessiva Uw=<2,0 e =>1,6 W/m²K (UNI EN ISO 100771)esclusa la fornitura al piano. In alluminio, ad ante, aventi superficiesuperiore a m² 3,5 Fornitura e Posa in opera di Serramenti metallici esterni, completi di telaio in profilati a taglio termico e vetro montato tipo camera bassoemissivo, per finestre, e portefinestre con marcatura CE (UNI EN 14351-1),di qualunque forma, tipo, dimensione e numero di battenti profili fermavetro, gocciolatoio, serratura, ferramenta e maniglia. Con trasmittanza termica complessiva Uw=<2,0 e =>1,6 W/m²K (UNI EN ISO 100771)esclusa la fornitura al piano. In alluminio, ad ante, aventi superficiesuperiore a m² 3,5

2. Methodology

25,77 Kg

2,29

59,01 €

49,95 cad

149,85 €

386,97 m2 54,35

21.031,82 €

386,97 m2 109,14

42.233,91 €

263,45 m2

8,62

2.270,94 €

157 123.870,38 €

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.3.6 Interoperability tests: The import files in Navisworks were subject to some interoperability tests, aimed at understanding the difference between three kind of files: .rvt, .nwc, .ifc, and of course the best way to obtain a correct import into the simulation software. - .rvt the normal Revit file extension was the first attempt, following the previous scheme, the five .rvt files were imported into Autodesk Navisworks, where there was some lack, basically regarding the structural connections previously shaped in Advance Steel. That was the only weakness. Because otherwise below representation would be the faster way to export all other elements and import them in Naviswork in a correct way.

WBS

Key note .txt

G_Arc .rvt

G_Str .rvt

G_MEP .rvt

G_Sdf .rvt

time schedule .mpp

G_Tpgr .rvt

Simulation .nwc

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- .IFC files, are the common type of files for interoperability. They work between Revit and Navisworks. There are some imprecisions in the shape of some elements once they are open in Navisworks, imprecisions that could be easily fixed changing some value in .IFC exportation panel. The following scheme represents one more step, that consist in the exportation from .rvt to .IFC.

WBS

Key note .txt

G_Str

G_Arc

.rvt

G_MEP

G_Sdf .rvt

.rvt

G_Arc

G_Tpgr .rvt

.IFC

G_Str .IFC

G_Sdf .IFC

G_MEP .IFC

time schedule .mpp

G_Tpgr .IFC

Simulation .nwc

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- .nwc, (temporary trade specific file), is the Navisworks format that can be exported directly from Revit, using a tool specially present in Revit. After the previous tests with .IFC and .rvt files this is the one which gives best results, exporting the whole model without lack or geometric errors. Settings were managed to have a correct exportation especially for what concerns structural connections, due to a improvable interoperability between Revit and Advance Steel. The scheme structure is the same as the previous one. There is always one more step converting .rvt files in .nwc, before connection with the .mpp time schedule in Autodesk Navisworks.

WBS

Key note .txt

G_Str

G_Arc

.rvt

G_MEP

.rvt

G_Arc

G_Tpgr .rvt

G_Sdf

.nwc

G_Str .nwc

G_Sdf .nwc

G_MEP .nwc

time schedule .mpp

G_Tpgr .nwc

Simulation .nwc

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

2.3.7 4D simulation: Once obtained the BIM model in Revit and the time schedule in MS Project, the last step to be done is to make a construction simulation, connecting the two previous documents then the five Revit models containing the whole project split in the various disciplines and the time schedule. To accomplish this goal was used Autodesk Navisworks. This very useful software permits many activities. Firstly it is an accurate navigator that allows to navigate the project to make a clash detection between all the elements present in the project in order to find possible interferences, thanks to a highly developed navigation tools, and to make a review reporting the eventual interferences with drawing tools to all the actors involved in the design process. Then the possibility to create a correspondence between the time schedule and the BIM model, by means of automatized identification between specified parameters. In this case the WBS code in MS Project and the same code present as a Type parameter in all Revit elements permit to create matching rules that associate automatically all elements with the corresponding task and to timing. Thus, in Navisworks it is possible to create a simulation that shows the construction process following the timing decided in the time schedule. This tool allows the construction manager to understand immediately if there is any fail in the process.

Gantt chart loaded in Navisworks, with WBS code highlighted.

In the picture above is shown the Time schedule imported into Navisworks. thanks to the WBS code in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Utente 1â&#x20AC;? column, and the matching rules shown in the picture below, it is possible to create the connection between the documents, that is the real strength, and permit to save time due to a extremely complex association process, otherwise would have to be done manually.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

Association rules in Autodesk Navisworks.

The matching rule puts into contact the various documents loaded in Navisworks, creating an automatic association.

Project view in Autodesk Navisworks.

Once the simulation had been done, the model moved to find possibly interferences. Then to all categories was applied a color to distinguish the elements contained in the model.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- Foundations: Here there is a representation in Navisworks of the construction simulation. In this picture is shown the foundations creation in the excavation. New constructions are shown in green.

4D simulation, excavation phase.

163

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- Columns: this following step shows the pillars assembly, immediately followed by the new basement concrete floor.

4D simulation, pillars assembly phase.

164

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- Beams: the main beams assembly, represented in yellow, is done after the steel connection mounting.

4D simulation, main beams assembly phase.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

2. Methodology

- The whole project representation in the simulation. It is possible to see the different items compositing the project, glass parts are light blue, columns by red, beams in yellow and HVAC system in orange.

4D simulation, the completed project.

166

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167

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3.1.1 BIM Modeling results: The first result reached in this work is the possibility to shape a project in BIM environment, using different templates such as Architectural, Structural and MEP, each one with its own properties. The deep knowledge reached in parameters use, aimed at accomplishing the main tasks of this thesis through parameter creation, manipulation and application to the items present in the project, is surely the most valuable result reached in shaping phase. By this is intended the ability to shape the items present in the model with the clear purpose to reach a goal that in this case was the construction management, then the fourth and fifth dimension. Shaping intended as the restitution of the existing complex was improved by the point clouds use, and by the creation of new parametric families at high levels of complexity that helped to understand what a parametric item really is and its potentiality. A preliminary consideration was done on the LOD to be use in the project. This aspect of the BIM shaping is still not completely codified. The LOD choice was done in accordance with the project aims, but it is still not possible to associate a LOD to a defined goal such as 4D or 5D or even virtual reality ecc. Anyway, the LOD used to shape different parts of the model was heterogeneous, leading to an higher LOD for what concern the structural connections, due to the precision of the Advance Steel tool. The LOD definition is a very important step in the decision making process in the preliminary phase because it is what will establish the efforts to be spent in the shaping phase, and the modeling results to be reached aimed at obtaining a determinate output from the BIM model, though it was not possible to understand what LOD was actually used, because of the unavailability of a certain LOD average calculation between different items shaped with different LOD. Restitution of the Trompone to a completely satisfactory degree was not possible because of some process fails, due to the late availability of a reliable survey. Thus the federated model still has many errors and leaks, to be adjusted and improved in the future. Anyway this work is an important and solid base to work on. It is the first BIM model for this facility and a sharing strategy that can surely be improved in the future. This work establishes the guidelines to be followed when working in BIM environment on this complex, surely one of the goals of this whole work. The facility shaping has reached the following degree as showed in this scheme.

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LOD 100 Winter Garden

Architectural Structural MEP Topographic

Green house

Architectural Structural MEP Topographic

Alzheimer

Architectural Structural MEP

RSA

Park

Convent church

Alzheimer park

Architectural

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

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Topographical models were made basically to materialize the excavation in the construction simulation, to understand the volume excavated and to report it in the resources.

MEP models were shaped in three projects, respectively the winter garden, the greenhouse and the Alzheimer building,mostly with regard to construction management.

Structural template was used in the same project where was used MEP, in order to have a complete project in all the fields.

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Architectural

Structural

MEP

Topograph.

Architectural models are the highest number. They are the base for shaping the existing facility. Then the areas where are present new projects in the architectural model are divided into two phases: as is and project.

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

3.1.2 Sharing strategies results: Surely most time in this work was spent finding the best strategy to share the BIM models in a common data environment created following the British standard. Due to the use of the point-clouds our strategies repeatedly changed but finally led to the two strategies adopted. The use of links is a quick and useful method to share big data quantities coming from a multitude of files otherwise impossible to be contained in one single model. The two strategies finally adopted responds to the necessity to operate in a common data environment. Of course, the strategies were developed weighing various options, and it is clear that were not tried all t sharing possibilities because theoretically infinite. We used different kind of links and in some attempts also tried to mix basic sharing methods, links and worksets, in order to manage the visualization of point clouds survey files nested in multiple link degree. Anyway, some weaknesses were found in the process, such as the impossibility to share the same path of nested files in different federate files, or the need to relink the entire connection when some files present in the federated one are moved. The strength is that these kind of connections made all the models easily manageable, where a federate file never passes 5 mb, even if many heavy files are connected. The objective was to create a sharing strategie that works, satisfying sharing and visual necessities. It was also thought to be implemented by theoretically infinite other models, in order to have a growing degree of detail, improving the existing model, that can also be implemented by new projects on the facility. As previously said, a base was created to work on in the future, for what concerns the shaped model, and also with regard to sharing strategies into federated models that compose the whole BIM model of the Trompone facility. The two strategies finally adopted were widely explained and discussed in the methodology chapter. In conclusion, it can be said that this kind of sharing method results useful in a dynamic environment, specially in our case where the working group was composed by several people who constantly change. The two sharing strategies adopted are thought to be used in different moments of the process and by different actors. The first strategy is though to be used by BIM specialists during the shaping phase. Instead, the second strategy adopted is to be used by the BIM coordinator during in a clash detection phase, especially during the transition from WIP to Shared folder in the common data environment.

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3.1.3 Project management results: Project management is aimed to control all aspects of the construction phase, basically passing through the time and costs control. In this paper was developed this aspect, that represents a higher control level of the construction process, whose needs are constantly growing especially in big structures, containing a huge number of resources to be managed. In this scenario, the Gantt chart connected to the BIM model was already widely explained in all it strength, but it was possible to extrapolate from MS Project some reports that better illustrate the relation between timing and resources applied to this project. This study can be very useful in order to understand how a construction process works, and how the related resources can be managed.

COSTS

- S Curve, this chart is fundamental in project management. It represents the relation between costs and time, the two main elements that had to be controlled in this project. Normally the curve has a S shape, where the first part has a low slope, growing in the central part due to the main effort in terms of resources spent related to time, leading to a low slope again in the final part which normally represents the construction site dismissal when most efforts have already been spent. The derivative of the curve in any point represents the effort coefficient spent in that determinate moment of the construction process[60].

S-curve graph [63]

TIME

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S CURVE TIME/COSTS Costo cumulativo % COMPLETAMENTO

€ 140.000,00 € 120.000,00 € 100.000,00 € 80.000,00 € 60.000,00 € 40.000,00 € 20.000,00 € 0,00

Winter garden S-curve project.

Costo cumulativo

The chart above represents the S curve extrapolated from the time schedule made in MS Project. It is possible to find immediately several differences from the one shown on the previous page, firstly because the ideal S curve previously shown represents a medium-long time work, whereas this project lasts 81 days. This aspect makes above curve flatter. Secondly, the central part has zero slope due to the 28 days needed for the seasoning of the concrete in the foundations. This usually happens also in normal temporal length project, but the concrete seasoning time is spread on a longer period of time and does not make the curve so flat. Anyway, the chart preserves an S shape. These charts represent one powerful tool used by the project manager aimed at understanding the relationship between the resources that he has to administrate and to manage in the best way to accomplish the project goals. They also represent the results of the application of traditional methodologies such as time scheduling and quantity surveying compared to new technology like BIM which are revolutionizing the construction industry.

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Lavoro cumulativo rimanente CUMULATIVE WORK REMAINING 1.400 h 1.200 h 1.000 h 800 h 600 h 400 h 200 h 0h

Lavoro cumulativo rimanente Cumulative work remaining chart.

The chart above shows a kind of reverse S curve, representing on the vertical axis the remaining working hours, while on the horizontal is shown the construction process timing. It is possible to find a correspondence between this chart and the previous one where is always represented a flat central part due to the concrete seasoning of the foundations. The same chart content is shown below, but working hours are replaced by activities created in the Gantt chart in relationship with time in the horizontal axis as before. REMAINING ACTIVITIES AttivitĂ rimanenti 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Remaining activities chart.

AttivitĂ rimanenti

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

COSTS PIE CHART

In the chart above is shown a pie representing the project costs. It is possible to see how the external partitions cover almost 50% of the whole project costs. The second biggest voice is represented by the structure that covers 20%. Also this chart obtained as an 5D project output is the result of the combination of BIM model and Gantt chart in MS Project, and represents a reliable report aimed at understanding and managing the project costs.

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RESULTS & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS .1 RESULTS .2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

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3.2 Future developments: Construction industry has been deeply changing in the last years, and BIM methodology is a fundamental part of this process, leading to a more automatized industry, managed by BIM softwares. This thesis represents an attempt to deepen these aspects, trying to use BIM to reach other goals beyond normal BIM modeling. Surely the shaping phase can be implemented by further information, improving the LOI, that was not developed to a sufficient degree for what concerns the existing facility due to the lack of information such as: materials, systems, physics attributes ecc, basically all information except dimension. Sharing strategies can be improved. Due to the many difficulties met and already explained, it was not possible to establish common families, materials and parameter to be used during the shaping phase. This should be done in order to have an organic model composed by the same items agreed by all the actors in the preliminary phases. As well, the LOD used in the model are not organic and were not decided previously in accordance with the model goals, but were developed step by step while the project grew. This led to an inorganized LOD value, and the impossibility to establish an exact LOD used in the developed of project. This point occupies a central spot in the speech about construction industry and BIM, the necessity to understand which LOD is required for each task and find a way to calculate an average LOD value in models composed by different detail degree. The project management that represents a large part of this thesis is a fundamental tool in construction industry, but also in other industry fields. In this thesis it was treated beginning with project tasks decomposition in the WBS code, made after analyzing the most common standards codification currently used, where a multitude of classification was found. One future improvement could be the creation of a common code to be used worldwide putting in contact all the various classifications. Anyway, the activity code created for this project is composed by three parts, where only the first one was actually applied to the BIM model in order to create a temporal simulation, because of the small entity of the project as widely explained in the methodology chapter. Surely, future development will apply also the other parts of the activity code to all elements in the project assuring firstly a more detailed plan taking into consideration every single element with its positioning attribute. This was not needed in such a small project, but will be necessary in larger size buildings. Application of the last code part will establish a connection with cost source and enable a cost survey . 181

BIM for Project Management in Federated models: The Trompone case study

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BIM for Project Management in Federated models: The Trompone case study

ATTACHMENTS

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

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lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 Lavoro Lavoro lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 Lavoro Lavoro lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 Lavoro Lavoro lun 30/07/18 lun 30/07/18 Lavoro Lavoro 3DJLQD

186

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3DJLQD

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Demolizione fabbricato macchinette

Demolizione Pavimentazione

Inizio: lun 14/05/18 ID: 4

Inizio: gio 17/05/18 ID: 5

Fine: mar 15/05/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: mer 23/05/18 Dur: 5 g

Ris: Demolizione locale[0,67]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Ris: Operaio4 Demolizione pavimento[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Fondazioni

,QL]LR JLR ,'

)LQH OXQ 'XU J &RPSO

OXJ OXJ / 0

'HWWDJOL 0

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

Scavo

Getto magrone

Armatura

Casseratura

Getto

Inizio: gio 24/05/18 ID: 7

Inizio: lun 28/05/18 ID: 8

Inizio: mar 05/06/18ID: 9

Inizio: mar 05/06/18ID: 10

Inizio: gio 07/06/18 ID: 11

Fine: ven 25/05/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: lun 28/05/18

Fine: mer 06/06/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: gio 07/06/18

Ris: Scavo[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Ris: Magrone sottofondo[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2

Ris: Armatura[1]; Operaio3; Operaio4

Ris: Cassero[1]; Operaio2; Operaio1

Ris: Calcestruzzo[1]; Getto calcestruzzo[1]; Operaio1; Opera

DJR /

Dur: 1 g

32h

DJR /

32h

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

3DJLQD

32h 0,17 8h 8h 8h

Lavoro

24h 8h 1 8h

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

Lavoro

1 8h

Lavoro Lavoro

Lavoro

1 8h

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

OXJ OXJ / 0

'HWWDJOL 0

Lavoro

DJR /

:LQWHU *DUGHQ 7URPSRQH

3DJLQD

32h

Lavoro

32h

Lavoro

0,5

32h

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

8h 8h 8h 8h

Lavoro

8h 8h 8h

Lavoro Lavoro Lavoro

64h

32hLavoro Lavoro

32h

32hLavoro

0,5

0,5Lavoro

8h 8h 8h 8h

8hLavoro 8hLavoro 8hLavoro 8hLavoro Lavoro

Lavoro Lavoro

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3DJLQD

187

DJR /

Dur: 1 g

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Planning Tables:

188

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

189

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Reticular Diagram:

Progetto Giardino d'Inverno ,QL]LR PDU ,'

)LQH PDU 'XU J &RPSO

Allestimento Cantiere Inizio: mar 08/05/18ID: 2 Fine: gio 10/05/18

Dur: 3 g

Ris: Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Demolizione

,QL]LR OXQ ,'

)LQH PHU 'XU J &RPSO

Demolizione fabbricato macchinette

Demolizione Pavimentazione

Inizio: lun 14/05/18 ID: 4

Inizio: gio 17/05/18 ID: 5

Fine: mar 15/05/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: mer 23/05/18 Dur: 5 g

Ris: Demolizione locale[0,67]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Ris: Operaio4 Demolizione pavimento[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Fondazioni

,QL]LR JLR ,'

)LQH OXQ 'XU J &RPSO

Scavo Inizio: gio 24/05/18 ID: 7 Fine: ven 25/05/18

Dur: 2 g

Ris: Scavo[1]; Operaio1; Operaio

Nuovo Pavimento

,QL]LR OXQ ,'

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3DJLQD

190

3DJLQD

o2; Operaio3; Operaio4

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Getto magrone

Armatura

Casseratura

Getto

Inizio: lun 28/05/18 ID: 8

Inizio: mar 05/06/18ID: 9

Inizio: mar 05/06/18ID: 10

Inizio: gio 07/06/18 ID: 11

Inizio: gio 07/06/18 ID: 12

Inizio: lun 11/06/18 ID: 13

Fine: lun 28/05/18

Fine: mer 06/06/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: gio 07/06/18

Fine: lun 11/06/18

Ris: Armatura[1]; Operaio3; Operaio4

Ris: Cassero[1]; Operaio2; Operaio1

Ris: Calcestruzzo[1]; Getto calcestruzzo[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2

Dur: 1 g

Ris: Magrone sottofondo[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2

Vibratura

Dur: 1 g

Disarmo Dur: 1 g

Ris: Vibratura[1]; Operaio3; Operaio4

Pilastri

,QL]LR PDU ,'

)LQH YHQ 'XU J &RPSO

Dur: 1 g

Ris: Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3

Connessione Base Plate 'DWD FDUGLQH PDU ,'

Montaggio pilastri 6m

Montaggio pilastri 7m

Inizio: mer 18/07/18ID: 16

Inizio: ven 20/07/18 ID: 17

Fine: gio 19/07/18

Fine: ven 20/07/18

Dur: 2 g

Ris: Acciaio pilastri 6m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Dur: 1 g

Ris: Acciaio pilastri 7m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Pavimento di bat

Inizio: lun 23/07

Fine: gio 26/07/1

Ris: Pavimento ce

3DJLQD

191

eraio4

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Reticular Diagram:

Disarmo Inizio: lun 11/06/18 ID: 13 Fine: lun 11/06/18

Dur: 1 g

Ris: Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3

Connessione Base Plate 'DWD FDUGLQH PDU ,'

Montaggio pilastri 6m

Montaggio pilastri 7m

Inizio: mer 18/07/18ID: 16

Inizio: ven 20/07/18 ID: 17 Fine: ven 20/07/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Acciaio pilastri 6m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4 Ris: Acciaio pilastri 7m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Fine: gio 19/07/18

Dur: 2 g

Pavimento di battuto in cemento Inizio: lun 23/07/18 ID: 19 Fine: gio 26/07/18

Dur: 4 g

Ris: Pavimento cemento[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

3DJLQD

3DJLQD Impianto idraulico

,QL]LR JLR ,'

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Scarico a pavimento Inizio: ven 27/07/18 ID: 22 Fine: ven 27/07/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Scarico acque[1]; Operaio specializzato1

Tubazione dritta d 65mm Inizio: ven 27/07/18 ID: 23 Fine: ven 27/07/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Tubazione 65mm[1]; Operaio specializzato2

Tubazione dritta d 100 mm Inizio: ven 27/07/18 ID: 24 Fine: ven 27/07/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Tubazione 100mm[1]; Operaio1

Tubazione a gomito d 65mm 'DWD FDUGLQH JLR ,'

Tubazione a gomito d 100mm

3DJLQD

'DWD FDUGLQH JLR ,'

Travi primarie

,QL]LR OXQ ,'

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Montaggio Column beam seat angle Inizio: lun 30/07/18 ID: 28 Fine: lun 30/07/18

Dur: 1 g

Ris:

Montaggio travi primarie 3.9m

Montaggio Knee of frame at web with plate

Montaggio Knee of frame bolted

Inizio: lun 30/07/18 ID: 29

Inizio: mer 01/08/18ID: 30

Inizio: gio 02/08/18 ID: 31

Fine: mar 31/07/18 Dur: 2 g

Fine: mer 01/08/18 Dur: 1 g

Fine: gio 02/08/18

Ris: Travi principali 3.9m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

Ris:

Dur: 1 g

Montaggio travi primarie m 3.2 Inizio: lun 30/07/18 ID: 34 Fine: lun 30/07/18

Dur: 1 g

Ris: Travi principali 3.2m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

3DJLQD

Impianto3DJLQD ventilazione

,QL]LR PDU ,'

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Montaggio condotto dritto 0.25x0.25 3DJLQD Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 36

Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto dritto 25x25[1]

Montaggio condotto dritto 0.20x0.20 Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 37 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto dritto 20x20[1]

Montaggio condotto curvo 0.25x0.25 Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 38 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto curvo 25x25[1]

Montaggio condotto curvo 0.20x0.20 Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 39 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto curvo 20x20[1]

Montaggio diffusore mandata Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 40 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Diffusore di mandata[1]

3DJLQD

Condotto rettangolare croce Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 41 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto rettangolare croce[1]

Condotto rettangolare transizione Inizio: mar 07/08/18ID: 42 Fine: mar 07/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Condotto rettangolare transizione[1]

Travi seconda

,QL]LR PHU

)LQH PHU &RPSO

3DJLQD

192

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

3. Results & Future Developments

Pavimento finitura Inizio: gio 09/08/18 ID: 20 Fine: gio 16/08/18

Dur: 6 g

Ris: Pavimento finitura[1]; Operaio specializzato1; Operaio specializzato2; Operaio1; Operaio2

3DJLQD

Montaggio Apex Haunch 'DWD FDUGLQH JLR ,'

Montaggio travi primarie m 5.5 Inizio: ven 03/08/18 ID: 33 Fine: lun 06/08/18

Dur: 2 g

Ris: Travi principali 5.5m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3; Operaio4

3DJLQD

arie

'XU J

3DJLQD

Montaggio UTA Inizio: gio 23/08/18 ID: 43 Fine: gio 23/08/18

Dur: 1 g

Ris: UTA[1] Montaggio Purlin connection Inizio: mer 08/08/18ID: 45 Fine: mer 08/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris:

Montaggio travi secondarie 8m Inizio: mer 08/08/18ID: 46 Fine: mer 08/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Travi secondarie 8m[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2

Montaggio travi secondarie 11.25m

3DJLQD

Inizio: mer 08/08/18ID: 47

3DJLQD

Fine: mer 08/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Travi secondarie 11.25m[1]; Operaio3; Operaio4

Partizioni esterne

Montaggio partizioni verticali

)LQH YHQ 'XU J

)LQH PDU 'XU J

,QL]LR YHQ ,' &RPSO

Porta finestra a libro

Vetrata fissa

Inizio: ven 17/08/18 ID: 50

Inizio: mar 21/08/18ID: 51

Fine: lun 20/08/18

Fine: mar 21/08/18 Dur: 1 g

Dur: 2 g

Ris: Portafinestra a libro[1]; Operaio specializzato1; Operaio specializzato2

Ris:

Montaggio finestre copertura

Finestre automatizzate

,QL]LR PHU ,'

)LQH YHQ 'XU J &RPSO

Inizio: mer 22/08/18ID: 53 Fine: ven 24/08/18 Dur: 3 g Ris: Finestra copertura motorizzata[1]; Operaio1; Operaio2; Operaio3

Finestra fissa Inizio: mer 22/08/18ID: 54 Fine: mer 22/08/18 Dur: 1 g Ris: Finestra copertura fissa[1]; Operaio4

Dismissione cantiere Inizio: lun 27/08/18 ID: 55 Fine: mar 28/08/18 Dur: 2 g Ris:

193

DJLQD

3DJLQD

BIM for Project Management in Federated models: The Trompone case study

References:

[1] National institute of Building Science, National Building Information Standards, Vols. Part 1, Overview , Principles and Methodologies, United States, p. 11. [2] Teicholz P. Sacks S. Liston K. Eastman C., BIM Handbook. A guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, Hoboken, New Jersey: Jonn Wiley & Sons, 2008, p. 1. [3] Digital Construction, 3D Working Method 2006, Copenaghen: Ballerup, 2007, p. 12. [4] Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, National Guidelines for Digital Modeling, Brisbane, 2009, p. 1. [5] AIA California Council, A Working Definition - Integrated Project Delivery, MC Graw Hill Construction, 2007, p. 2. [6] «http://www.wbdg.org/bim/bim.php,» [Online]. [Consulted on 4th April 2018] [7] Associated General Contractors of America, The Contractors’ Guide to BIM, Las Vegas: AGC Research Foundation, 2008, p. 3. [8] Jernigan F. , Big BIM little bim. The practical approach to building information modeling. Integrated Practice done the right way!, Salisbury, 2007, p. 22. [9] Smith P., BIM & the 5D Project Cost Manager, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, n. 119, pp. 475-484, 2014. [10] Teicholz P. Sacks S. Liston K. Eastman C., BIM Handbook. A guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, Hoboken, New Jersey: Jonn Wiley & Sons, 2008, p. 14. [11] [Online]. Available: https://blog.synchroltd.com/author/suedengenis/page/2. [Consulted on 15th March 2018]. [12] Osello A. , Il futuro del disegno con il BIM per ingegneri e architetti, Palermo: Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2012, p. 24. [13] Osello A., Working with Revit architecture, University lession slides, Torino. [14] [Online] Available: https://www.pinterest.se/ pin/524810162802717416/. [Consulted on 16th March 2018]. [15] ISO International standard organization, ISO/TC59/SC13 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM), 2014. [16] Coordinating European Council, standardization, CEN/TC 442 Business Plan, 2017, p. 8. [17] British Standard, BS 1219:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 1. [18] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 6. 194

BIM for Project Management in Federated models: The Trompone case study

[19] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 3. [20] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 7. [21] British Standard, BS 1129:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 7. [22] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 8. [23] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, pp. 9-10. [24] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 11 [25] British Standard, BS 1192:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007, p. 15. [26] [Online]. Available: http://www.trompone.it/. [Consulted on 20th March 2018]. [27] [Online]. Available: http://www.luiginovarese.org/2014/11/04/ aiutaci-donare-accoglienza/. [Consulted on 20th March 2018]. [28] [Online]. Available: http://www.coopselios.com/struttura/residenzasanitaria-assistenziale-mons-luigi-novarese-palestro-pv/. [Consulted on 20th March 2018]. [29] Bizzarri G., Turillazzi B., Marzi L., Quentin C., Di Giulio R., The BIM-GIS model for EeBs integrated in healthcare districts: an Italian case study, in Sustainable Places 2015, 2015. [30] Simeone D., Fioravanti A., Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Alessandro D., Coraglia U. M., An Integrate Model of Simulation to Design a Low Impact Development Construction Site in a Healthcare Facility, pp. 147-162, 2015. [31] Chasey A., Ghosh A., Structuring Data Needs for Effective Integrations of Building Information Modeling (BIM) With Helathcare Facility Management, New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction, pp. 1-5, 18-23 June 2013. [32] Jun G. Yung P. Wang J. Wang X. Wang Y., Engagement of Facilities Management in Design Stage through, Advances in Civil Engineering, pp. 1-8, 2013. [33] Boston Consulting Group, New Karolinska Hospital, Shaping the Future of Construction, pp. 21-22, 2016.

195

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

[34] Boston Consulting Group, New Karolinska Hospital, Shaping the Future of Construction, 2016, p. 24. [35] Atkinson R., Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, n. 6, pp. 339, 1999. [36] Atkinson R., Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, n. 6, pp. 338, 1999. [37] UNI Ente italiano di normazione, UNI 8290, 1983. [38] CSI Construction specification institute , Masterformat, 2004. [39] O. D. Committee, OmniClass A strategy to classifying the buil environment, introduction and userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s guide , 2006, p. 3. [40] O. D. Committee, OmniClass 13, 2006. [41] National Building Specification (NBS), Uniclass 2015, 2015. [42] National Building Specification (NBS), Uniclass 2015, 2015. [43] CSI Construction Specifications Institute , Uniformat II Classification for building elements, 2010. [44] CSI Construction Specifications Institute , Uniformat II Classification for building elements, 2010. [45] CSI Construction Specifications Institute , Uniformat II Classification for building elements, 2010. [46] Uniclass 2015, 2015. [47] O. D. Committee, OmniClass 21, 2006. [48] O. D. Committee, OmniClass 23, 2006. [49] O. D. Committee, OmniClass 41, 2006. [50] O. D. Committee , OmniClass 49, 2006. [51] Eastman C. M., Kereshmeh A., A Comparison of Construction Classification Systems Used for Classifying Building Product Models, in 52nd ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, 2016. [52] Smith P., BIM & the 5D Project Cost Manager, in Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, n. 119, 2014, p.476. [53] Ing. Luigi Barbero, Refurbishment project for Trompone facility, Caluso, 2014. [54] Ing. Luigi Barbero, Refurbishment project for Trompone facility, Caluso, 2014. [55] Carando C., Pissiniss M., Architettura religiosa nel territorio della diocesi di Vercelli : il Santuario della Madonna del Trompone di Moncrivello. Storia e riuso. Âť rel. Patrizia Chierici, Torino, 1988. [56] Carando C., Pissiniss M., Architettura religiosa nel territorio della diocesi di Vercelli : il Santuario della Madonna del Trompone di Moncrivello. Storia e riuso. rel. Patrizia Chierici, Torino, 1988. [57] Regione Piemonte, Prezzario Regione Piemonte, Prezzi di riferimento per opere e lavori pubblici, 2018. 196

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

[58] [Online]. Available: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Gantt. [Consulted on 20th June 2018]. [59] NascĂ¨ V., Dal Pont E., Tecniche di montaggio, Milano: CISIA, 1975, p. 345. [60] Zartha Sossa J. W, Palop Marro F., Arango Alzate B., Velez Salazar F. M., Avalos PatiĂąo A. F., S Curve analysis and technology life cycle Application, in Espacios, vol. 37, n. 7, p. 19, 2016. [61] [Online]. Available: http://www.financialmodellinghandbook.com/ tag/financial-modelling/. [Consulted on 3rd June 2018].

197

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Bibliography: Books: Silenziosi Operai della Croce, La Beata Vergine del Trompone, Roma, CVS edizioni, 2016. Osello A., Il futuro del disegno con il BIM per ingegneri e architetti, Palermo: Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2012. Nascè V., Dal Pont E., Tecniche di montaggio, Milano: CISIA, 1975. Picone M., Tecnologia della produzione edilizia metodiche industriali e tecnologie operative per i cantieri edili, Torino: UTET, 1984. Pozzoli S., Bonazza M., Villa W. S., Revit 2017 per l’architettura: guida completa per la progettazione BIM, Milano, Tecniche Nuove, 2016. Del Giudice M. , Bocconcino M., Manzone F., Il disegno e l’ingegnere il disegno e la produzione edilizia tra tradizione e innovazione, Torino: Levrotto & Bella, 2016. Artichles: Smith P. , BIM & the 5D Project Cost Manager, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, n. 119, pp. 475-484, 2014. Teicholz P. Sacks S. Liston K. Eastman C., BIM Handbook. A guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, Hoboken, New Jersey: Jonn Wiley & Sons, 2008, p. 14. Bizzarri G., Turillazzi B., Marzi L., Quentin C., Di Giulio R., The BIM-GIS model for EeBs integrated in healthcare districts: an Italian case study, in Sustainable Places 2015, 2015. Simeone D., Fioravanti A., D’Alessandro D., Coraglia U. M., An Integrate Model of Simulation to Design a Low Impact Development Construction Site in a Healthcare Facility, pp. 147-162, 2015. Chasey A., Ghosh A., Structuring Data Needs for Effective Integrations of Building Information Modeling (BIM) With Helathcare Facility Management, New Developments in Structural Engineering and Construction, 18-23 June 2013.

198

BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Jun G. Yung P. Wang J. Wang X. Wang Y., Engagement of Facilities Management in Design Stage through, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2013. Boston Consulting Group, New Karolinska Hospital, Shaping the Future of Construction, pp. 21-22, 2016. Atkinson R., Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, n. 6, pp. 339, 1999. Eastman C. M., Kereshmeh A., A Comparison of Construction Classification Systems Used for Classifying Building Product Models, in 52nd ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, 2016. Smith P., BIM & the 5D Project Cost Manager, in Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, n. 119, 2014, . Zartha Sossa J. W, Palop Marro F., Arango Alzate B., Velez Salazar F. M., Avalos PatiĂąo A. F., S Curve analysis and technology life cycle Application, in Espacios, vol. 37, n. 7, p. 19, 2016. Azhar S., Hein M., Sketo B., Building Information Modeling (BIM): Benefits, Risks and Challenges, 2015 Gledson B. J., Greenwood D. J., Surveying the extent and use of 4D BIM in the UK, in Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 2016. Bounds N.H., AEC Jobs in Healthcare Facilities Management through BIM: Preparing our students for the next level of detail, In 122nd ASEE annual conference & exposition, American Society for Engineering Education, 2015. Thesis: Carando C., Pissiniss M, Architettura religiosa nel territorio della diocesi di Vercelli : il Santuario della Madonna del Trompone di Moncrivello. Storia e riuso., rel. Patrizia Chierici, Torino, 1988. Barbero A., BIM 4D - pianificazione e gestione della manutenzione: il caso studio dello Juventus stadium, rel. Anna Osello, Torino, 2016.

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BIM for project management in federated models: The Trompone case study

Antoniello M., Project Management di opere cantieristiche in stabilimenti industriali con l’utilizzo di simulazioni 4D con il software Navisworks, rel. Anna Osello, Torino, 2016. De Mori M., La pianificaione operativa del cantiere con metodi innovativi : l’ impiego del BIM, rel. Francesco Ossola, Fabio Manzone, David Erba, Torino, 2014. Baldini G., Lupi A., Grassi L. C., Modelli di controllo e di gestione dei progetti: WBS e BIM quali strumenti di garanzia per uno scenario del progetto esente da errori. Il caso della scuola primaria di via Hermada. rel. Masimiliano Papetti, Gianni Utica, Milano, 2014 Pollara A., Sistemi di classificazione, rel. Alberto Pavan, Milano, 2017. Standards: ISO International standard organization, ISO/TC59/SC13 Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM), 2014. C. E. C. f. standardization, CEN/TC 442 Business Plan, 2017, p. 8. British Standard, BS 1219:2007, Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - Code of practice, 2007 UNI Ente italiano di normazione, UNI 8290, 1983. CSI Construction specification institute , Masterformat, 2004. O. D. Committee, OmniClass A strategy to classifying the buil environment, introduction and user’s guide , 2006 National Building Specification (NBS), Uniclass 2015, 2015. CSI Construction Specifications Institute , Uniformat II Classification for building elements, 2010.

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Web pages: http://www.envirobatcentre.com/upload/document/bim/bimocentre. [Consulted on 21st March 2018] http://www.wbdg.org/bim/bim.php [Consulted on 4th April 2018] http://www.valerizoia.it/blog/2016/02/il-bim-in-architettura/. on 16th March 2018]

[Consulted

http://www.cadlinesw.com/sito/software/archline-bim/la-guida-al-bim. [Consulted 15th March 2018]. https://blog.synchroltd.com/author/sue-dengenis/page/2. 15th March 2018]. https://www.pinterest.se/pin/524810162802717416/. March 2018].

[Consulted

16th

http://www.financialmodellinghandbook.com/tag/financial-modelling/. [Consulted on 3rd June 2018]. http://www.trompone.it/. [Consulted on 20th March 2018]. http://www.coopselios.com/struttura/residenza-sanitaria-assistenzialemons-luigi-novarese-palestro-pv/. [Consulted on 20th March 2018].

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Grazie alla professoressa Anna Osello e all’ ing. Matteo Del Giudice, al laboratorio DrawingTOtheFuture del DISEG e a tutte le persone che ci lavorano e lo vivono, per avermi aiutato in questo lungo percorso di tesi, sopportato e supporato e per creare un ambiente virtuoso dove l’apprendimento e la ricerca sono uno stimolo ancor prima di essere un obiettivo. Grazie alla mia famiglia per il costante sostegno, per aver sempre creduto in me, e non avermi mai fatto mancare niente. Grazie a Meuri e Matte senza i quali non riuscirei neanche a immaginare questo lungo viaggio. Grazie a La Coruña, l’ETSAC, agli amici, il surf, le feste, la spiaggia e per aver segnato un capitolo indelebile della mia vita. Grazie a New York, a chi mi ha accolto a braccia aperte, e ha avuto la pazienza di insegnarmi, e di trasmettermi un’attitudine. Grazie a tutti gli amici di Ande semplicemente per essere quello che sono, una seconda famiglia. Grazie a chi, con il suo cammino, è stato fonte di ispirazione continua. Grazie a Via Baltimora. Grazie a Cri, Muz e Matti. Grazie al Gruppo I. Grazie ai viaggi in treno, le sveglie alle 6 del mattino e a tutte le giornate passate al Poli. Grazie a tutte le persone che ho incontrato durante il mio percorso, che inconsapevolmente mi hanno lasciato qualcosa, e che mi hanno reso la persona che sono oggi, e saranno parte della persona che diventerò domani. Grazie.

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