The origin of the word Jábega might come from the Arabic term shabbak, which means ship and, at the same time, it is related to the word shabaka, which means net. ÍNDICE The Jábega boat has been used as a patriotic and culture symbol. A Jábega stands out in the coat of arms of the village of Rincón de la Victoria as well as in the coat of arms of El Palo.
Saludo ............................................................................................... 1 Catedral de Málaga ........................................................................... 2 Castillo de Gibralfaro (Vanessa)....................................................... 9
Pablo Portillo Strempel
Cueva del tesoro (Luke Guilfoyle) ..................................................... 10 Castillo de Bezmiliana (Carmen Rocío Fernández).......................... 11 Cuevas de Nerja (José Francisco Fernández) .................................. 13 Parroquia Nuestra Señora del Rosario, La Cala del Moral (Ana Belén Martínez) ......................................................................... 16 La Jábega .......................................................................................... 23
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JÁBEGA FROM MÁLAGA GREETING This year we have a very special visit to our country, by the Holy Father. This is also special because it is the World Youth Meeting. It´s an opportunity to hear the Pope with other young people from all over the world. Our parish will receive the visit of the “Bagdad hope group”. We are happy to meet young catholic people from Iraq. I would like to thank Ana Belen Martínez and Luke Guilfoyle for having checked the translated texts. Young people from La Cala del Moral have prepared this cultural local guide to help you. God bless you all.
Rafael Rodríguez Sainz de Rozas, Parish Priest
The Jábega (a shallow-draft fishing boat) has very important ethnographic values closely related to an already disappeared way of life
Benigno Rodríguez Santamaría in his Diccionario de Artes de Pesca de España y sus Posesiones (1923) [Dictionary of Fishing Arts of Spain and its Possessions] defines Jábega as an art of fishing with trawls or seines. Nowadayes, in the coast of Málaga we can found 15 Jábegas with different lengths and ages. From the Calahonda Beach in Nerja, next to the Balcón de Europa (Balcony of Europe), to the beach of Huelin bordering the mouth of the River Gualmedina, passing through the beaches of Rincón de la Victoria, La Cala del Moral, El Palo and Pedregalejo we can find aground these boats in a relatively good state of repair. As far as sports is concerned, the regatas [boat races] are the reason why these Jábegas are best known nowadays and are continuously present in the bay during these summer evenings, either training or competing. It a very old art, that is why it is quite difficult to determined its origins. Nobody dares to fix a place or a date. Most important authors speak of a Phoenician origin given that these magnificent sailors used similar boats or with similar features to the current Jábega boats.
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CATEDRAL DE MÁLAGA
25. Eucharist
Bienvenido a la Catedral Basílica de Málaga
26. Confirmation 27. Holy Orders (Ordination) 28. Marriage 29. Anointing of the Sick 30. Saint Pasqual Baylon 31. Saint Josepth
Rafael Rodríguez Sainz de Rozas, Parish Priest La Cala del Moral, October, 30th 2009
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Titulada de la Encarnación por expreso deseo de los Reyes Católicos. Es el monumento más importante de la ciudad, así como el centro espiritual de la diócesis, allí donde el obispo de la misma tiene su sede o cátedra. El edificio que va a contemplar comenzó a construirse hacia 1528, reinando en España el emperador Carlos I. El proyecto gótico que en un principio pensó realizarse, pronto derivaría en modelo renacentista que a su vez recibiría importantes añadidos barrocos. Nombres como, Diego de Si loé, Diego de Vergara, Pedro Díaz de Palacios y Antonio Ramos, entre otros, fueron los maestros responsables de este templo de tres naves, con girola, y una altura de sus bóvedas de algo más de 41 metros. Las ceremonias de consagración se celebraron el 3 de agosto de 1588 por el prelado Luis García de Haro, si bien el espacio se quedaba limitado a la cabecera, cerrándose con un muro de mampostería la nave del crucero para facilitar el culto y la continuación de las obras hasta la fachada principal, que no fue una realidad hasta mediado el siglo XVIII. En el verano de 1782 se interrumpieron los trabajos, quedando por tanto sin finalizar el exterior del conjunto, y a falta de una de las torres, lo que ha propiciado que los malagueños denominen cariñosamente a su Catedral como "la manquita". A través de los siglos sus naves han sido testigos de la religiosidad de un pueblo que aquí ha vivido su fe, invocando el favor divino en tiempos de calamidades y ha festejado hitos históricos. El patrimonio que a continuación va a poder admirar en el recorrido de las distintas capillas es testimonio de estos sentimientos que trascienden sus evidentes valores artísticos.
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18. Saint Thomas His characteristic attributes are the Virgin’s girdle, an architect square and a spear which was the instrument of this martyrdom. In the 17th Century, the square virtually disappears.
Welcome to Malaga Cathedral Called the Cathedral of the Incarnation on the wishes of the Catholic Monarchs. It is the city's most important monument and the spiritual centre of the diocese, where the bishop has his See or cathedra. Work on the building you are about to see began around 1528, when the Emperor Charles I was on the throne. Although originally designed as a Gothic cathedral, it was built in the Renaissance style and major Baroque additions were made to it later. Among the master craftsmen responsible for the cathedral with its nave and two aisles, ambulatory, and vaults over 41 metres high were Diego de Siloé, Diego de Vergara, Pedro Díaz de Palacios and Antonio Ramos. The cathedral was consecrated on 3rd August, 1588, by the prelate Luis García de Haro, despite the fact that space was then limited to the sanctuary and the transept was enclosed by a masonry wall, built to facilitate worship and the continuation of the work up to the main facade, which was completed in the mid-18th century. When work was interrupted in the summer of 1782, the exterior was left unfinished and lacking one of its towers, which led the local folk to affectionately call their cathedral "the one-armed".
19. Saint Philip, apostle.
Over the centuries the cathedral has borne witness to the religious devotion of the people, who have shown their faith here, petitioning God's favour in times of catastrophe and celebrating great moments in history. The heritage you will now be able to admire during your tour of the various chapels is testimony to these sentiments, which transcend the cathedral's obvious artistic
He is often shown with a book, since he is the author of the Canonical Epistles, and also with episcopal ornaments, because of being considered as the first Bishop of Jesusalem. His fall in front of the Temple of Jerusalem is another preferred subject of inconography.
He is usually shown carrying a T-shaped cross, with which, according to the legend, he made a lot of miracles. His crucifixion is usually represented. 20. Saint Bartholomew, apostle. He is said to have been martyred in Armenia: he was flayed alive and crucified, head downward by order of the King Astyages. Because of this legend, Bartholomew is often represented as flayed and holding his own skin with his hands (a typical example is the “Final Judgment” in the Sistine Chapel). He is also represented carrying a knife, which is the instrument of his martyrdom. 21. Saint Mathew, apostle and evangelist. He was killed with a sword, according to tradition, when he was praying on the foot of the altar after the mass. This is one of his attributes which sometimes turns into a halberd or ax. 22. James the Minor, apostle.
23. Baptism 24. Reconciliation (Penance). 4
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Sometimes, he is depicted with an image of Jesus Christ on his chest, due to his relationship with Our Lord (according to the legend, he looked like him). One of the most classical features is the drop hammer, the supposed instrument of this martyrdom (until the 14th Century his was represented with a sword, a halberd and an axe. 15. James the Greater, apostle James is usually depicted with the typical cloths of a pilgrim: leaned on a walking stick or a cane, carrying a backpack or pouch and wearing a broad brimmed hat with a scallop shell which has always been the symbol of the pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela (Spain) 16. Saint John, apostle and Evangelist. A very common representation although its origin is not biblical. It shows Saint John with a glass in his hands, from which it sometimes a snake appears. The origin of this attribute is an apocriphal gospel from the 6th Century which states that John, from Ephesus, was offered to drink a chalice with poison by a pagan priest of the temple of Diana. He blessed it and the, drank it harmlessly. The image shows how the poison escapes from the calice in the shape of a snake. This attribute became popular in the 14th Century. 17. Saint Matthias, apostle. Matthias was chosen by the Eleven Apostles, led by Peter, “to hold the ministry of preaching” and to replace Judas (Hech. 1, 25; cf. 1, 15-26). But after this episode, Matthias is not mentioned again and we know nothing about his life. According to Eusebius, he was one of the seventy two disciples (cf. Lc 10, 1. 17). The apocryphal literature (for example the “Facts of Andrew and Matthias2) is very rich in details about his martyrdom: he was imprisoned by cannibals, blinded, healed and released by Andrew and, finally, beheaded. These legends have offered him several attributes: sword, halberd, stones, cross, ax. The latter has stood out. Saint Matthias does not play an important role 20 in the popular devotion.
7) Chapel of the Virgin of the Rosary One of the greatest artistic masterpieces of the cathedral is the canvas after which this chapel is named. A mature work by Alonso Cano of around 1665-1666, the upper part represents the Virgin and Child surrounded by clouds and angels while the lower part depicts Saínt Dominíc de Guzmán receiving the rosary from one of the angels, accompanied by Saint Francis of Assisi and other saints. On each side of the painting are two or nate display cases with sculptures of Saint Bias by Fernando Ortiz, and Saint Lawrence by an anonymous eighteenth-century artist. On the left wall, the altar of the Virgin of the Nativity has a copy of a lost sculpture of that Virgin by Pedro de Mena, while on the right is an interesting sculpture of Saint Louis the French bishop saint. This is an eighteenth-century work by Jerónimo Gómez carved for the tabernacle of the high altar which was later replaced by the present one. 9) Chapel of the Virgin of the Kings Following the conquest of Malaga, Isabel the Catholic gave the cathedral a sculpture of the Virgin which she had in her chapel: a polychrome, wooden, Gothic image dating from the late fifteenth-century. This chapel was founded under the protection of the Virgin in the mid--seventeenth century in thanks for the end of an outbreak of plague which had decimated the city. Juan Niño de Guevara and Pedro de Mena were entrusted with the construction of an altarpiece to house the sculpture. What we see today is actually a copy of the original, destroyed in the Civil War, although the praying images of the Catholic Kings by Pedro de Mena, located on either side of the Virgin, are original. 5
11. Stained glass window of the Our Lady of the Rosary. Heaven at Our Lady’s feet and the rosary is used to recognize this advocation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. 12. Saint Peter, apostle. (The keys) Symbol of the authority granted to him by Our Lord to rule the Church and forgive on his behalf. 13. Saint Paul, apostle. (The sword) The sword in his hand reflects the loyal soldier and ambassador of Christ. 14. Saint Andrew, apostle He was Saint Peter’s eldest brother and, like him, a fisherman in Galilee. His name, which is Greek not Hebrew, means manly, brave. He was the first one to follow Jesus, which is the reason why the Greeks called him Protokletos or Protoclite (the first to be called). He is mentioned twice in the Gospels: one regarding the vocations of the two first apostles, and the other regarding the feeding of the five thousand. His legend comes from the Aprocyphal Acts according to which, after Jesus’ death, he would have been appointed to evangelize Scythia, the current Russia. When he was preaching in Scythia, an angel appeared to him and told him: “Go towards Matthew”. Miraculously, he was guided to Ethiopia, where Saint Matthew had been blinded and imprisoned. The door of the prison opened before him, he kneeled before Mathew, and began to pray. Then, Mathew’s eyes saw again. Once his mission had been fulfilled, he arrived in Greece and then to Minor Asia, where he performed some miracles. He was imprisoned by the Roman Consul Quirinius, Legate Governor of Macedonia, who accused him of having promoted the destruction of the temples and led the people away from the cult of gods. He was thrown to the beasts, but they respected him. When he visited the Peloponnese, in Patras, he cured Consul Egeas’ wife. But this Consul, who reproached him for preaching to disobey the Emperor, ordered to whip him with sticks and then to crucify him with ropes on an X-shaped cross (crux decussata) where he died on the third day. 6
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him to spread this devotion. Her festivity is celebrated in October 7th. . 6. Image of Our Lady of the Mount Carmel. The first Christian monks, who lived as hermit, were in the Cave of Mount Carmel. When Christians were expelled from the Holy Land, these monks went to Europe and began a life in community. In the 13th Century, Saint Simon Stock received the Brown Scapular by the Blessed Virgin Mary. This Scapular is carried by the Virgin Mary on her right hand. Her festivity is celebrated in July, 16th. 7. Image of the Our Lady of Pain. This image reminds us the pain of the Blessed Virgin Mary before the passion and death of her Son. Saint Mary suffered but she also knew that her Son, the true God and true man has come to the world to reconcile us to God Father. Her image is displayed on a religious parade on Good Friday. 8. Candle which is next to the Tabernacle. When it is lit, it means that Our Lord is in the Tabernacle, which remains empty after the Mass on Good Friday until Easter Vigil.
9. Stained glass window of Jesus Christ. Jesus is on the world because He is the King of the Universe. The letter A (alpha) and the letter â„Ś (omega) remind us that Jesus Christ is the beginning and the end, He is eternal.
10. Stained glass window of the Our Lady of the Mount Carmel. The brown habit, the boat and the scapular in her hand is used to recognize this advocation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. 18
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Above the altar, an urn houses a head of Christ brought from Oran in 1708, the only surviving element of a late sixteenth--century sculpture destroyed during the capture of the city by the Algerians. The decoration of the chapel is completed by various canvases, among them the monumental Beheadinq of Saint Paul, painted by Enrique Simonet in 1887.
12) Chapel of the Incarnation In the centre of the apse-aisle we find this chapel, dedicated to the titular Virgin of the Cathedral. For this reason great care has always been devoted to its decoration since Bishop Friar Bernardo Manrique, the main promotor of works on the cathedral in the sixteenth century, reserved it for his own funerary chapel. Later, Bishop JosĂŠ Molina Lario also decided to be buried here, and the original decoration was thus considerably altered, adapting it to eighteenthcentury classicising taste, as is evident today. Molina Lario had the altarpiece in veined Mijas marble installed, with its Corinthian columns and broken pediment. On it are marble sculptural groups of the Annunciation, and Saints Cyriac and Paula, the patron saints of Malaga. Above the entablature, four figures of angels surround a burst of glory. The design of the altarpiece has been attributed to both Ventura RodrĂguez and Juan de Villanueva, while the sculptures are by Juan de Salazar y Palomino. 8
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE ROSARY, LA CALA DEL MORAL
The first foundation stone of this Church was laid in August, the 8th, 1988, when Mr Ramón Buxarais was the bishop of this diocese, and Mr Antonio Estrada González the parish priest and driving force of this building.
On the side walls are the tombs of the two bishops, on the left the Plateresque one of Friar Bernardo Manrique who died in 1564, showing him in prayer, and on the right the classical one of Bishop Molina Lario, also with a praying figure above the funerary urn. CASTILLO DE GIBRALFARO
1. Side Chapel (Tabernacle, Word coming from a Latin word which means sacred receptacle). At the Last Supper, Our Lourd said farewell to his disciples and gave them the great present of his presence in the Sacred Host. Mistery of love. We greet Our Lord when we enter the Chapel making a genuflection. "The presence of the true Body and Blood of Christ in this sacrament “is not known by our senses, as Saint Thomas put in, but only by our faith, which is based in the authority of God.” That is why, when we discuss the text by Saint Luke 22,19: “This is my body, which will be given up for you”, Saint Cyril states: “Do not ask if this is true, but receive with faith Our Lord’s words, because He, who is the truth, does not lie.” 2. Altar on Our Lord’s tale, on which the Holy Mass is celebrated. 3. Ambon of the Word 4. Confessional Booth 5. Image of Our Lady of Rosary. In the 13th Century, Our Lady taught Saint Dominic of Guzman how to pray the rosary and encouraged 16
The name of this castle is Arab origin (Yabal) what means mount and Greek origin (Faruh) what means lighthouse. It uses like a watchtower on the coast. It built in s.XIV but the castle needed to build this stronghold. The castle is famous because it was the final scenery of the conquest of Malaga by Catholic Kings in 1487. After three months of siege the Spanish army achieves to take the town of 15000 African warriors and Spanish that only gave up because they are hungry. All that remains of this monument it is these fantastic towers. El nombre de este Castillo es de origen árabe (Yabal) que significa monte y derivado del griego (Faruh) que significa faro. Este castillo tiene como uso una atalaya costera. Se construyó en el s.XIV. Se vio la necesidad de edificar esta fortaleza para proteger la alcazaba. El castillo es famoso por haber sido el escenario final de la conquista de Málaga por parte de los Reyes Católicos en 1487. Después de tres meses de asedio, el ejército español logró tomar la ciudad por 15,000 guerreros africanos y españoles que sólo se rindieron cuando fueron vencidos por el hambre. Todo lo que queda de este monumento son estas fantásticas torres. 9
TREASURE CAVE The Treasure Cave is located in Rincon de la Victoria, just over the hill from La Cala del Moral. 1500 metres in length, it is one of only three visitable caves of marine origin in the world and the only one in Europe. It is of great scientific, historic and cultural interest as cave paintings of animals, fragments of neolithic pottery and stone age objects have all been discovered there. There is a spoken and written tradition that speaks of the existence of a treasure hidden by emperor Tasufin Ibn Alí in the XIIth century and from the XVIIIth century treasure hunts started and were continued in the XXth century by Manuel Laza Palacios.
Chamber of Our Lady. This name was given by Manuel Laza who discovered the space on the 12th of Octuber 1951, the feast of Our Lady of Pilar. Objects from two different eras were discovered in the chamber; pottery from the neolitic period and pieces of stone and ceramics from the Arabian period.
Ballet (Sala de la Cascada o del Ballet). It is here that concerts and festivals of dance are staged and there are about 100 seats set permanently in the cave. This large cavern has little to separate it from the Hall of the Phantoms (Sala de los Fantasmas) apart from some columns. The Hall of the Phantoms is named after an unusual speleothem. At the end of this cavern is a large rockfall which separates it from the Hall of the Cataclysm (Sala del Cataclismo) which is over 100 m long and dominated by the huge central column which is the biggest in the world, measuring 13 m by 7 m at the base and standing 32 m high. Further down into the hall is the Organ Corner (Rincón del Órgano) where fluted columns can be struck to produce different notes. Some of the columns seem to have been intentionally altered to produce different notes by the prehistoric inhabitants of the cave. High up in the far corner of this cave is the opening which allows access to the Upper and New Galleries. Upper and New Galleries The Upper and New Galleries are each divided into two halls. In the Upper Hall are the Columns of Hercules (Columnas de Hércules) and the Hall of Immensity (Sala de la Inmensidad), while in the New Gallery there are the Hall of the Lance (Sala de la Lanza) and the Hall of the Mountain (Sala de la Montaña). These two areas contain many of the cave paintings, but tourist access is restricted to specialised caving "speleothem tourism". Technical Data
The eagle chamber. Here you can see a rock formation in the shape of an eagle. Cave paintings of a horse and fish have been discovered as well as marine sediments. 10
Length of the cavity: 7 219,28 m. of polygonals. Levels spread: 67,95 metres 32,99 + 34,96 Total Surface: 35 484 m2 Total Volume: 264 379,33 m3
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By 21,000 BC the human population had taken up year round residence in the caves and had increased in number. A culture based on hunting in the local area had evolved, illustrated by first cave paintings found in the cave which date to around the time. Pine nuts and snails were also important elements of the diet. Up until around 10,800 BC the hunting culture continued to develop with more prey species being taken, including goats, rabbits, fish and marine mammals. A wide variety of animal bones, shells and fish bones from this time have been found in the cave, including the remains of a number of offshore species, along with stone and bone tools. By 4500 BC domesticated animals were being kept and the area around the cave was being used for farming and the production of pottery. By 3800 BC textiles and more advanced styles of pottery were being produced and parts of the cave were being used as a burial chamber. Galleries Show Gallery Each of the galleries has a number of halls, areas where the walls, floors or ceilings close in to subdivide the main caverns. The Show Gallery is accessed by a 8 m flight of stairs leading to the Entrance Hall (Sala de Vestibulo) where archaeological excavations took place and where some of the finds are now displayed. Off to one side a passage leads the Mine Hall (Sala de la Mina), and Hall of the Sink (Sala de la Torca) where further archaeological excavations take place. This area is not normally open to the public. Back through the Entrance Hall is the Hall of the Nativity (Sala de Belén) which is filled with columns of calcite. A skeleton recovered from the cave is on display in a glass case in this subsection. From the Entrance Hall a passage called the Hall of the Tusk (Sala del Colmillo) leads down to the Hall of the Waterfall or 14
BEZMILLANA'S FORT-HOUSE Emplacement The Fort-House of Bezmiliana is located in Rincón de la Victoria, which is a well situated village in the east of the Axarquia region in the heart of the Costa del Sol. It is only 12 km from Málaga city center. Rincón de la Victoria is a wondeful place by the Mediterranean Sea and has four main areas: La Cala del Moral, Rincón de la Victoria, Torre de Benagalbón (coast) and Benagalbón (interior). History of the town The first inhabitants of the city were from the Palaeolithic Age. Later, Phoenician, Roman and Andalusi civilizations colonized this area. The town received the category of 'Medina' in the 11th century and with King Carlos III, the city became more important. Finally, The Minimo's arder gave Rincón de la Victoria its name. Origin The Fort-House of Bezmiliana was built around 1766 A.D. as a military defense post. According to the type of building, it is clear that it has a the military use because everything is covered and defended. It has a capacity to shelter 33 soldiers and 13 horses. The purpose to build this military fort was a royal policy of protection and defense of the Spanish coasts against England. Malaga's coasts were easy targets for the English army, after the occupation of Gibraltar in 1704. 11
Therefore, a wide network of military fort buildings was created along the coast of Malaga, Granada and Almería (the main cities of the south of Spain and in Andalusia). AII these buildings owned to the 'Organization of Military Defense', which existed since 16th Century. This is one of the best examples of the 18 Century military architecture in the South of Spain. Structure It is surrounded by a heavy exterior wall (built with big stones and bricks) with two towers for the defenses which are placed in the Northeast and Southwest corners (from where they could always control the sea), and two gates: a main one in the north wall (with a neoclassical structure and with an heraldic shield in the center which belonged to the royal family of Carlos III-1759-1788) and a smaller one in the south wall. It once had a trench around it.
CAVES OF NERJA
The Caves of Nerja are a series of caverns close to the village of Nerja in Andalusia. Stretching for almost 5 km the caverns are one of the main tourist attractions in Spain. Concerts are regularly held in one of the chambers which make up a natural amphitheatre. The caves were re-discovered in modern times on 12th January 1959 by five friends, who entered through a narrow sink hole, known as "La Mina" which constitutes one of the two natural entrances of the cave. A third entrance was created in 1960 to allow an easy access for tourists. The cave is divided into two main parts known as Nerja I and Nerja II. Nerja I includes the Show Galleries which are open to the public, with a relatively easy access via a flight of stairs and concreted pathways to allow tourists to move about in the cavern without difficulty. Nerja II, which is not open to the public, includes the Upper Gallery discovered in 1960 and the New Gallery discovered in 1969. History
Nowadays The building hasn´t been used for its original purpose, and it has been used as a yard and storage room of the “Casa Cuartel de la Guardia Civil” [Headquarters of the Spanish Military Police], a building situated between the Fort-House and the main road (N-340). The house is now used as an important exhibition place for contemporary art.
Approximately 5 million years ago, during the Upper Miocene, water penetrated the fissures of the marble rock and dissolved it, forming a huge subterranean cavern. Seismic movement and landslides during the Holocene forced the water to find new pathways through the cave system and began the formation of the giant stalactites and stalagmites that can be seen in the cave.
The Fort-House was restored in April 1992, being one of the best examples of the historical-cultural heritage of our beautiful coastal town, Rincón de la Victoria.
Skeletal remains found in the caverns indicate that they were inhabited from about 25,000 BC up until the Bronze Age. Cave paintings from the Paleolithic and post-Paleolithic eras have been discovered on the walls of the cave. For about 4,000 years from 25,000 BC the caves were used seasonally by a small group of humans, and were occupied by cave hyena during the periods that the humans were absent.
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