Tranchot - Muffling 41: Dülken

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period

region

subject

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< 1794 Before the French rule

JĂźlich

Agriculture

period

region

subject

During French rule

Roer

Mill

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> 1814 After French rule

Germany

City wall Residence

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name

student number

F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu

0679133 0825746

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Introduction You are reading our research paper about a part of the maps drawn by Tranchot and Von Muffling in 1806, as part of the course Strategies and Places in the mastertrack Architecture, Building and Planning at the University of Technology in Eindhoven.

The timeframe we use is the time around the period of French rule in the leftRhineregion, from 1794 untill 1814. The research starts with a short overview of the area and the developments in local and national infrastructure and political climates.

After this, we focus on our chosen area, map number 41; Dülken, before 1794 in order to establish the status quo of that area in terms of economy, city structure and business. We select three farm houses that have survuved from these days and are now historical sites, and present them. These buildings also appeared on the Tranchot map. This is related to the development of the agriculture in the region.

Subsequently, we write about the period the French were there. Although the city of Dülken did not change much during these times, the French brought with them systems and laws that had quite the influence on the economy of Dülken. The results of this are some remarkable buildings that still exist to these days, like an old windmill, featured in this report as well.

Most of the influence of the French in Dülken came to show after the French had left the area, that’s why the last part of this essay is about the period after 1814, when the economy had taken an upswing and particularly the textile industry. This had been of great importance to Dülken and it changed the city to what it is now. In this last part we will also feature some of the artworks that were created in the early 19th century to give a clear image of the city at that moment.

We made this essay with the intention of providing an image of the development of the Dülken region during these times, with the development of the economy as the main point, and the reflection of this in the local architecture.

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Front page Drawing of an old mill with the city of Dülken in the background.

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Eindhoven, 31st of January 2013 Figure 1 Overview of the Tranchot maps, with the area of research, map number 41; Dülken, in orange.

Written by; F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu As part of the course Strategies and Places, lectured by; dr. ir. A.H.J. (Jos) Bosman Eindhoven University of Technology

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The area of research Analysis of borders, infrastructure and climates As part of the research, an understanding about the area and it’s surroundings is essential. Infrastructure, natural borders or boundaries as well as the political, social or religious climate have always played a crucial role in the esteblishment of settlements that would eventually grow into villages or towns. In this chapter a wider understanding of the surroundings of Dülken will be gained.

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Figure 2 Tranchot map of the borders before 1794. Dülken, belonging to the Duchy of Julich, bordering the Duchy of Guelders in the North and the Habsburgian Duchy of Guelders in the west. To the east of Dülken, just falling of the map, lies Viersen, in an exclave of Guelders in the Duchy of Julich.

Before 1794 the area on both sides of the Rhine, between the river Moselle and the Dutch border, comprised a patchwork "rag-rug", made up of many different territories and princedoms. Not only secular rulers, like the Dukes of Jülich, Kleve and Berg, but also religious leaders, such as the Archbishops of Trier and Cologne, governed the areas later known as the Prussian Rhine Province. Accordingly, the inhabitants did not describe themselves as "Rhinelanders", but rather as "Jülicher", "Klever" or "Kölner" and did not form a cross-territorial identity. Although they lived in an empire, namely the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation", which disintegrated in 1806 with the abdication of the Kaiser, the territorial and regional laws and circumstances characterized and determined their lives.

The French Revolution of 1789 was the event which influenced the political landscape in that epoch, beyond the borders of France and also in the longer term. Although

Germany did not succumb to revolutionary change, nevertheless the wars with revolutionary France and its Commander, Napoleon Bonaparte, who for certain periods was able to call himself the ruler of half of Europe, severely shook the great German powers Prussia and Austria. They were trapped in what had suddenly become outdated structures of benevolent despotism and, like the other German countries organized in such a corporately feudal way, had nothing to counter liberal France, with its extremely motivated soldiers. Thus Napoleon won victory after victory and was finally able to dictate peace terms to his opponents. For the German countries this meant not only the partitioning of regions, but also a territorial change, which can be described as the reparcelling of agricultural land. The patchwork “rag-rug” of German countries was done away with and the states of the Rhine Confederation were merged together, thus forming a third German power beside Prussia and Austria.

Up untill the French invaded the region, Dülken and it’s direct surroundings belonged to the duchy of Julich. The surrounding land is mostly farmland, speckled with farms and clusters of houses. To this day, this part of the Tranchot map is still very rural and rustique. Dülken is located at the edge of the duchy, with the borders of Guelders just kilometres away.

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Figure 3 Tranchot map of the borders between 1794 and 1814, no borders are going through this area. The whole area in the map belongs to the Department of Roer.

Figure 4 Tranchot map of the borders after 1814 up untill the present, no borders are going through this area. The whole area in the map belongs to Germany.

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At that time France dominated developments throughout Europe. That was especially true for the Rhineland and – to a lesser degree – also for Westphalia. In 1794 revolutionary France conquered the regions left of the Rhine, which Napoleon subsequently annexed in 1801. They were systematically brought into line with the legal, administrative and political conditions in France. In 1802 the French constitution, le Code Civil, was introduced. The achievements of the revolution enacted in the Code Civil included the equality of all people before the law, an independent judiciary and the universal right to vote. Under the influence of Napoleon not only did the hitherto territorial and political order change, but the French occupation also brought social reforms with it.

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Figure 5 Dülken and it’s infrastructure from before the French period and after the French period. The city wall is marked with white, the new infrastructure after the French period of rule is marked with orange. The dotted line is the railroad, made in 1866.

to the Southwest of Germany, which makes a bend to the South around Dülken and makes its way via Monchengladbach and Koblenz to an interchange with the A6 near Hockenheim. This motorway is an important connection between the Netherlands and the south of Germany, therefore it is used extensively by tourists and for transport. The motorway bends to the south around Dülken, and passes between Dülken and Viersen, giving Dülken an important strategic position for business meetings.

In 1815 the time of French influence was over, but had left behind far-reaching changes, which had been appreciated as a change for the better, especially in the areas of commercial law and administration. Therefore the population also resisted having to sacrifice such achievements for the sake of Prussian citizenship.

Consequently, the Code Civil, also known as the Code Napoleon, remained in force as the first citizens’ compendium of laws left of the Rhine until it was superseded by the „Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch” (modern German civil code). Prussia itself had been forced to adopt the superior French State as a model and to carry out reforms. These reforms paved the way for the constitutional state of the 19th century. [1] 42

Infrastructure The most important roads to and from Dülken already existed even before the French occupied this area, and they still exist as the main connections to this date. One exception is an extension of Bundesautobahn 61, a Federal Motorway from Venlo

Figure 6 Dülken and it’s surroundings’ main infrastructure. The orange motorway, Bundesautobahn 61, is the only major change in infrastructure since the French period of rule.

Dir. Nettetal

Dir. Süchteln Süchteln

Boisheim Viersen

Dir. Viersen Dülken

Figure 7 The area of our research, marked with orange, right between major infrastructures, connecting the Roer-area and major cities along the Rhine with Rotterdam and the south of Germany. One of these major roads, the Bundesautobahn 61, crosses this area.

Amern

Dir. Amern

Dir. Süchteln Schwalmtal Dir. Schwalmtal

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Dülken

Dir. Boisheim

Hardt

Dir. Hardt

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period

region

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< 1794 Before the French rule

Duchy of JĂźlich

DĂźlken City wall Agriculture

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name

student number

F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu

0679133 0825746

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A brief history Dülken before the period of French rule (<1794) Before 1794 and untill 1820, Dülken was a city of craftsmen and farmers. An expression of this culture was the early existence of guilds and unities. There was already a guild for butchers in 1341, a guild for smiths in 1433 and a guild for shoemakers and also one for weavers in 1596. The textile industry would be the very foundation of economical growth during the years to come. [2] During the period of the French, a shift from farming to industry happened, but some of the old farms are still present in the vicinity of Dülken.

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Figure 8 and 9 Photo of the footprint of the former city gate. There were two gates, one after the other, bridging a moat. Figure 8 shows the footprint of the inner gate, Figure 9 shows the footprint of the outer gate.

City Wall Dülken, belonging to the duchy of Jülich is situated at the border of Jülich, northwest of Cologne. It is accompanied in the Tranchot-map by small clusters of houses, one of which is Boisheim. The clusters of houses are connected by small roads, which will be there for centuries to come. A few kilometers to the East is Viersen, a town the size of Dülken, but totally different in character. This is because Dülken had a city wall and Viersen did not. Dülken also had an impressive church and Viersen did not.

The reason for this is that the town of Viersen was situated in an exclave of Guelders.

Because of this, Viersen was surrounded by enemy territory, making it easy to take over, and hard to defend, since invaders could come from every side. Therefore the duke of Guelders saw no need to invest in the town, and protecting it would be very

costly. If the duke of Guelders would send troops to this territory, this might even evoke an attack on Viersen, since this would mean that Viersen is worth defending.

Dülken however, was situated on the border of Jülich, an area that would be very prone to enemy attack. Contrary to the duke of Guelders, the duke of Julich saw great importance in investing in his towns on the border of his land. Therefore Dülken got a city wall, complete with guard towers and even a prison tower, most of which are still present to this day. The outline of the entrance gate is still visible in different color stone in one of the streets in Dülken. This wall was supposed to protect Dülken from invaders. At the same time, Dülken was also provided with a church to spread the power of religion.

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Figure 10 Photo of the remnants of the Dülkener Prison tower and parts of the city wall, after restoration.

Figure 11 Photo of the remnants of a guard tower, some old houses and parts of the city wall, after restoration.

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Figure 15 Neu-Fegers-Hof, in orange letters, on the Tranchot-map

Figure 16 Top view of Neu-Fegers-Hof.

14 Figure 17 Current condition of Neu-Fegers-Hof. 40

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Neu-Fegers-Hof The complex, situated along the secondary road to Waldniel consists of a main house and an attached barn, both made out of masonry. The structure is a type of Lower Rhine hall house. It was built in 1719. Somewhere in the 18th or 19th century it was extended, and presumably the roof of the main building was heightened. During renovations in 1977, the 18th century wing was demolished. The keystone of the gateway to the inner courtyard bears an inscription of the year 1832, most likely the year of construction of this addition, the same year an office building was added.

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It is believed that the farmhouse has previously been related to a court, which must have been the former Crusadersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Monastery, assigned in DĂźlken. In fact, the map of Tranchot/von Muffling dating around 1804 shows a similar court on the opposite side of the road, one that still exists. [3]

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Figure 15 Nießenhof, in orange letters, on the Tranchot-map

Figure 16 Top view of Nießenhof.

17 Figure 17 Current condition of Nießenhof.

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Nießenhof This former residence, already recorded on the maps of Tranchot and Von Muffling, was located in a barn in a well-preferred agricultural settlement area in that time. It is located between Dülken and Boisheim, along the course of the brook Pletsch.

The house, made of brick, hides an internal structure of oak-wooden posts and beams. The structure is preserved well and consists of five repeating segments. This was the typical way of constructing a residential house with the barn in the nave and under the roof. The living part was equipped with a fireplace. The combination living-stable house as the smallest economical unit is one of the few that managed to survive in this residential area. The building is an example of lower-Rhine, rural architecture. It is an important piece in the history of the settlement of Dülken, especially seen from the point of architecture and folklore.[4]

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Figure 18 Wohnstallhaus, in orange letters, on the Tranchot-map

Figure 19 Top view of Wohnstallhaus, showing it’s almost square base.

20 Figure 20 Current condition the Wohnstallhaus.

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Wohnstallhaus Tillerhöfe The dwelling on the Rheindahlenstrasse is situated in the Tillerhofe, belonging to the region to the south of the old city center of Dülken. In this region there were a number of farms that paid taxes to the local monastery. Among these was the ‘van Teyl’ farm, on the road from Dülken to Hardt, the Rheindahlenstrasse. This group of farms was mentioned officially in the beginning of the 15th century, and was also present on the maps of Tranchot and Von Muffeln.

The inside of the house is preserved quite well. Most of the windows were replaced over time, but they still reflect the typical internal layout; the separation of business on one side and the nave on the other side. The house has an almost square base and a sharp roof with an attic. On the gable ends, there are two different dates to be found; 1712 on the residential gable and 1751 on the barn gable.

While the outside of the house is made of brick, the inside has a wooden construction, covered with plaster. This house has become a very rare intact example of a residential house with barn in rural house form. From the 19th century on it was common to distribute the living and stable functions around a courtyard, as is done with the 19th century extension of the aforementioned Neu-Fegers-Hof. The house shows traces of a renovation [5]

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map number

period

region

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During the French rule

Department of Roer

DĂźlken Mill

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name

student number

F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu

0679133 0825746

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The French in Dülken Dülken in the period between 1794 and 1814 Growth of the economy When one would ask the question what positive gains the French Revolution and the twenty years of affiliation (1794 - 1814) brought to the left-Rhine region, the answer one finds is always the same; breaking the old structures of society, introduction to the times of a modern administration, improvement of education, major improvements to structures for transport and economy, and last but certainly not least, the liberalization of trade and commerce. Particularly the introduction of commercial freedom. [6] Together with the economical changes, the existing old and complicated tax system was abolished. Before, every territory used to have its own tax system and even its own currency, which made trade between the territories very complicated. When the French introduced a tax system that applied for all parts of the empire, together with the commercial freedom, entrepreneurs grabbed their chances to expand their business.

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Consequently, in the turn of the 18th and 19th century the first textile factories were established in Dülken. A yarn- and linnenfactory, two linnenspinningfactories, one established in 1798 by Gerhard Mevissen and one in 1814 by Mathias Bucklers and Anton Weyers. Both factories existed untill around the mid-60’s ofthe 19th century.

In these facilities the home workers were brought together under one roof. Therefore the equipment and materials were the workers’ property. There was already a woolindustry in Dülken, made up of home workers, and in 1786 the velvet industry was added to that.

In 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree forbidding his allies and conquests from trading with the British. As a reaction to this decree, the UK forbade French trade with the UK, its allies or its neutrals. Napoleon’s plan to defeat Britain was to destroy its ability to trade. For Britain, being an island nation, trade was its most vital lifeline.

Napoleon believed that if he could paralyze Britain economically, he would be able to invade the nation after the economic collapse.

Napoleon decreed that all commerce ships wishing to do business in Europe must first stop at a French port in order to ensure that there could be no trade with Britain.

He also ordered all European nations and French allies to stop trading with Britain, and he threatened Russia with an invasion if they did not comply as well. [7]

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The Continental Blockade brought a lustrous, albeit short-term and overincreased upswing for the Industry in the area to the left of the Rhine, because the competition from the right of the Rhine was eliminated. In a short period of time, the industry in the left-Rhine area was able to develop as fast and strong as in France. With the end of the Continental Blockade the British returned to the market and pushed the industry in Dülken back because, working together with Belgium, they could make cheaper products. [8] The economical growth caused entrepreneurs to build factories and production facilities like mills in and around Dülken. People started living close to the factories, outside the city wall, which had no real function anymore.

Figure 21 Painting of the Dülkener funfair in 1809.

In the background the church before it was expanded in 1910. On the foreground some French troups are present.

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35 The ‘Fools’ Mill’ The Narrenmühle or Fools’ Mill is located along Rheindahlen road. It has a sails gate and rare wings. Its design has similarities to the Flanders-cotta tower mills (torenkotmolen). The mill was completed in 1566, two years after the fools’ association was founded in 1554. The Fools’ Mill stood in the north of Dülken before the Süchtelner gate. Since the 1799, the fools’ activities played every year in front of the Süchtelner gate post at the mill, which was also referred to as potions mill or Dülkener high mill. However, on 9 September 1800, an autumn storm destroyed many parts of the mill, and the rest of it was burned one month later, on the 2nd of October. [9] Because of the upswing of the local economy and agriculture, courtesy of the French presence, the Holtz family acquired several new mills and they rebuilt a similar fools’ mill in the south of Dülken in 1809. The rebuilt mill remains the form of the old one, but the material was brick, instead of wood. Until 1906 it worked as a corn mill in operation, supported by the underlying grinding stones. The mill is the emblem of Dülken, and until 1950 it was a museum. Then, the mill was sold to the ‘Fools’ Academy of Arts and Sciences’ (Academia Equestris Artium et Scientiarum), after that the lower part remained a Fools’ Museum and in the upper section became the socalled ‘Wisdom Hall’. On 11 November each year, the members of the fools Academy, mainly academics, business people and city councils, gather to ride wooden hobby horses to the windmill and to open the Dülkener carnival season. [10]

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Figure 22 An artwork, as seen on the front page, showing the business around the old mill with the Dülkener church and watch tower in the background. On the foreground appear to be French troops and businessmen.

Figure 23 An image of Dülken around 1760. The city is completely sorrounded, and in the bottom left corner, at the North gate the old mill, along the road to

Figure 24 Mühle am Gladbacher Tor by Herbert Straüds, showing the new mill, built in 1809, with thatched roofing which has later beenreplaced with stone.

Gladbacher Tor was the tower that guarded the South gate, where the road leading to Gladbach passed through.

Figure 25 (next page) The mill from 1809 in the present day, nowadays the headquarters of the carnival association, hence the name Narrenmühle, Fools’ Mill. The difference in appearence is noticable when compared to Figure 22 23

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map number

period

region

subject

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> 1814 After French rule

Germany

DĂźlken Textile industry City Wall Residence

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name

student number

F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu

0679133 0825746

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After 1814 The effects of the French presence

Figure 26 Der Hühnermarkt by Herbert Straüds.

This drawing gives a good impression of the appearance of Dülkens public space just after the French rule.

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Figure 27 Vogelsanggasse by Herbert Straüds.

This drawing gives a good impression of the appearance of the streets and alleys of Dülken. The streets were poorly maintained and houses were in poor condition.

In the beginning of the 19th century, Dülken was described by Norrenberg as being completely surrounded by the city wall, with two towers - a prison tower and a watch tower - and a city gate. The prison tower and the watch tower, as well as the wall that connects them is still present to this day. The inner city was formed by narrow streets and mediaeval houses. The street were in very bad condition. Dülken had mail connections with Krefeld, Gladbach and Kaldenkirchen. The inhabitants of Dülken were mainly operational in the craft of linnen and velvet. They worked in their homes for the factories in Süchteln and Krefeld.

In 1820, the ditched land surrounding the city of Dülken was sold to the public and in this year the city wall was starting to be demolished. In the next fourty years, the city would explode in growth, more than doubling it’s citizen count from 1831 in 1817 to 4083 in 1858. In comparison, Süchteln had only 2825, and Kaldenkirchen only had 2735 inhabitants, even though these cities had factories long before Dülken [11]

in order to make the manual labour more efficient. In order to further develope, the manufacturers had to educate their employeesin more and more advanced techniques to improve the quality or reduce the cost of manufacturing. Therefore the employees were schooled in the factories, but the entrepreneurs also financed the construction of schools in Dülken, one of these entrepreneurs was the Cornely family.

The changes the French brought, propelled the whole left-Rhineregion into the future, and this growth manifested itself long after the French left the region. The buildings and developments featured in this part are therefore to be seen as indirect results of the French presence.

Over time, almost every building has been replaced with newer buildings, without changing the fabric of the inner city. Also the first factories from the 18th century have been demolished and replaced. However, some of the factories that were built during the industrial revolution remained, for example the factory of A. Weyerman Sohne (Weyermann and sons), as seen on the next page. The factories were still based on bringing home workers together, untill the big machines were introduced

Figure 28 Photo of the Vogelsanggasse, photographer and date unknown. Not everything has changed in Dülken after the French rule.

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Figure 29 (next page) Picture of one of the first textile factories in Dülken, just outside the former city wall. It was owned by A. Weyerman Sohne (A. Weyermann and sons)

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35 The expansion of Dülken outside the city wall Dülken was on the northern edge of the Duchy of Jülich. In 1404, the city wall was built for protection against the Archbishopric of Cologne. Previously, it was a woodand-earth-fixing city wall with gravel and planks.

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In 1568, the oval city wall had twelve towers, and later in 1609, the number was increased to 19. There were two city gates, one on the north side, the Süchtelner tower and one in the south, the Lindener or Gladbacher tower. In the West was a passage as well. A moat was added to the defense in the 16th century. At the end of the 18th Century, the city wall had fallen into decay and from 1831 the moats were filled and the fortifications were demolished. In 1963, the round guardtower of the city wall was rebuilt on the foundation of the old one. It’s worth noting that the old part of the wall can be easily recognized from the new one by the difference between the two kinds of bricks. The former moat that runs along the wall became a park. Further north (west part) is another piece of the wall, patched intermittently by plastering, this part works as a monument to show the old overall system “walls”. At the end of this part, there is a semi-circular tower on the east wall. There is evidence showing that this tower was built in the 19th century.

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The decline is a direct result of the French presence. When the French came, they introduced new systems to distribute land. So in 1820, in accordance with the remaining system, the land around the city wall, mostly consisting of moats and defensive structure, was sold to the citizens. The city wall had lost all of its defensive puroses, and had merely become a barrier between the new parts of Dülken, outside the city wall, and the old city center. Because of the decline of the security and boundary function of the city wall, as well as the growth of the local textile industry, the urban area of Dülken expanded much faster than before. A number of textile factories were built outside the city wall. After that, more and more dwellings were built around these factories. [12]

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Figure 30 Drawing of the city of Dülken around 1760, the city is totally constrained within its limits, but still wuite empty within. The city will grow first during the decades after, but will not break its walls until around 1790.

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Because the city wall was demolished at a relatively late time and Dülken never became a big city, most of the structure in the inner city is still the same as before the city wall was demolished. The city wall itself provided the structure for a ring around Dülken.

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32 Figure 31 Top view of the city of Dülken, the city has three entrances, one to the west, in the direction of Boisheim, to the South in the direction of Gladbach and to the North in the direction of Süchteln and Viersen. The map was originally drawn with the North pointing down.

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Figure 32 Drawings of the presumed structure of the city wall before it was demolished.

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Figure 33 Photo of the remains of the city wall on the right. The dark stone are the preexsiting remains of the city wall, the lighter stones are relatively new.

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Figure 31, 32, 33 and 34 Mapped growth of the city limits of D端lken and the diminishing of the city wall in the following years; 1760 (Figure 31), 1803 (Figure 32), 1903 (Figure 33) and 1979 (Figure 34). The orange parts are parts of the original wall, the yellow parts have disappeared.

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Figure 35 D端lken in 1903, with the factories marked orange. Around these factories dwellings sprouted, connecting with D端lken.

Figure 36 Mapped change in the borders of the municipality of D端lken.

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35 The ‘Old Orphanage’ This house, known as the ‘altes Waiseshaus’ or ‘old orphanage’ was originally a house with farm buildings, owned by the family Cornely, a family of entrepreneurs. The Cornely family was one of the major contractors in Dülken during the 18th and 19th century. In 1801 the house was owned by Melchior Cornely, a beer salesman. Among other family members were goldsmiths and merchants.

Johann Cornely, a goldsmith from origin but later referred to as businessman, set up a cotton factory in Dülken around 1820 with his business partner Matthias Gierlings and A.H. Kamp. Because of the rapid development in the textile industry, mainly catalyzed by the French presence and their competition with England and Germany, he could afford to buy his own farm and rebuild his house with a neoclassical style.

During this period, he also founded a school for higher education, which he located in the old monastery, the Kreuzherrenkloster. Johann’s son Gustav gave the house to the Catholic Church of St. Cornelius in 1889 and the house was transformed into an orphanage. [13]

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The function of the original house is unknown, but both the front and the back house already existed before the late 18th century. The front house was smaller than it is today. It used to be a two-story building, similar to the neighboring house of Johann Cornely’s business partner Kamp. The rear courtyard building is a simple two-story brick building with a gable roof. There is a large cellar, which indicates extensive warehousing and therefore it is possible that the original purpose of the building was to house a factory or a workshop with living accommodations for the shopkeeper.

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The change of the facade speaks of a growth in wealth and with the unchanged ‘brother’ of the house next to it, this is clearly visible. The growth in wealth is an indirect effect of the French presence. Cornely was a businessman who started a business in the textile industry, an industry that was booming during these times as an effect of the French structural reformations to the economical and political system. Cornely became a very wealthy man, and continued to invest this wealth in the Dülken community.

Figure 40 The old orphanage next to its former ‘twin’. The difference between old and new is very clear. The house had the same facade as the neighboring house, seen in Figure 41, and received the new facade as seen in Figure 42.

Figure 44 (next page) The new facade of the old orphanage, the classical influence is expressed in the symmetry as well as the tympan on the roof. On the ground floor, breaking with the symmetry, the entrance to the workshop and warehouse. The neighbouring house too has an entrance like this.

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Figure 43 Alter Waisenhaus und Kamp Haus by J. Therstappen.

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period

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> 1814 After French rule

Germany

Local artworks

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name

student number

F.J. (Frank) van Kessel Y. (Yijian) Lu

0679133 0825746

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Local artworks These artworks have been made during and after the period of French rule. They show Dülken as a city that has been almost the same since middle ages, but just before the industrial revolution. The only part of Dülken that still remains is part of the city wall and the structure in the inner city, but the buildings are gone forever.

There was no place for all these pictures in the main text, so it was decided to put them in a separate part, since they are too precious not to be shown.

Figure x Haus Langestraße, J. Therstappen.

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42 Figure x Moselstraße, J. Therstappen.

Figure x Cap Horn, Herbert Straüds

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Figure x Haus van Bussel, Herbert Straüds 40

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45 Figure x Ecke Lange-Velostraße, Herbert Straüds

Figure x Alter Markt Westseite, Herbert Straüds

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Figure x Vogelsanggasse by Herbert Straüds 40

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48 Figure x Poeth Gasse [...] Balsamium Gasschen jetzt Ligusterstraße vor dem Abbruch 1889 by Herbert Straüds

Figure x Hellebrands Huske in den Klosterstraße

by Herbert Straüds

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Figure x A drawing of the art on a door, artist and date unknown.

Figure x Haus Stern by J. Therstappen

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Sources Notes

Webpages

[2] Hüppmeier, B. (Münster, 1994) Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Dülken (Niederrhein) von der

[1] http://www.wir-rheinlaender.lvr.de/engl_version/rhineland_french/

Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges. Münster. Universität Münster. p. 41 [3] Datei:14 Neu-Fegers-Hof, Waldnieler Straße 53, (Dülken) , http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:14_ [6] Ewers, M. (2000). Die Franzosen in Viersen / Les Francais en Viersen 1794 – 1814. Viersen.

Neu-Fegers-Hof,_Waldnieler_Stra%C3%9Fe_53,_(D%C3%BClken).jpg

Stadtgeschichtlicher Arbeitskreis und Stadtarchiv Viersen. p. 104 [4] Datei:480 Wohnstallhaus Tillerhöfe, Rheindahlaner Straße 399 (Dülken), http://de.wikipedia.org/w/ [8], [11] Hüppmeier, B. (Münster, 1994) Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Dülken (Niederrhein) von

index.php?title=Datei:480_Wohnstallhaus_Tillerh%C3%B6fe,_Rheindahlaner_Stra%C3%9Fe_399_

der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges. Münster. Universität Münster. p.

(D%C3%BClken).jpg&filetimestamp=20120107202036

41 [5] Datei:175 Nießenhof, Bistard 41a (Bistard), http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:175_

Literature

Nie%C3%9Fenhof,_Bistard_41a_(Bistard).jpg&filetimestamp=20120107110934

Wüsten, W. (Dülken, 1961) Beiträge zur Geschichte Dülkens und umgebung: vor allem der Jahre 400 –

[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_System

1400 n. Chr. Ahlen. Buchdruckerei E. Sommer.

[9] http://www.Dülken.de/Geschichte/Narrenmuehle/Narrenmuehle.htm Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken.

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Republication of the work; Norrenberg, P. (Viersen and Dülken, republication from 1874)

[10] http://www.viersen.de/C125704A004B545A/html/A2A2252425E39F85C125716200377213?open

Moralgeschichte des Niederrheines: Drittes Bändchen: Chronik der Stadt Dülken, Ihre Geschichte

document&nid1=30755

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und ihr Volksleben, zumeist nach den Quellen des Stadt- und Pfarrarchivs und nach der mündlichen Ueberlieferung. J.H. Meyer.

[11] http://www.viersen.de/C125704A0030C552/html/A43862A03BFFE50BC1257371004F570B?Open Document

Hantsche, I. (Bottropp; Essen, 1999) Atlas zur Geschichte des Niederrheins (part 4). Bottrop; Essen.

Druckerei und Verlag Peter Pomp GmbH. Fohl, W. dr. (Dülken, 1964) Sechs Jahrhunderte Stadt Dülken. Kempen-Ndrh. Gesamtherstellung Thomas-Druckerei und Verlag.

Dohr, F. (Viersen, 1976) Aus dem alten Dülken Viersen-Süchteln. Buchdruckerei Joseph Thelen.

Doergens, H. dr. (Dülken, 1925) Chronik der Stadt Dülken Stadt Dülken Strau Denkmalplflegeplan Dülken: Leitfaden zur Gestaltung und Erhaltung

All textual material has been adapted and/ or translated from the original before publishing. All visual material has undergone some form of alteration by a digital medium before publishing.

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Visual material

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[Front page] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 124-125

[29] Hüppmeier, B. (Münster, 1994) Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Dülken (Niederrhein) von

[1] Picture provided to us by dr. ir. A.H.J. (Jos) Bosman

der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges. Münster. Universität Münster,

[2] Own production, based on Tranchot map

Page145

[3] Own production, based on Tranchot map

[30] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 52-53

[4] Own production, based on Tranchot map

[31] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 52-53

[5] Own production, based on Tranchot map, and google earth

[32]Tourist information board, Dülken

[6] Own production, based on Tranchot map, and google earth

[33] Own production

[7] Own production, based on Tranchot map, and google earth

[34] Own production, based on the map of Dülken in 1760

[8] Own production

[35] Own production, based on the Tranchot map

[9] Own production

[36] Own production, based on the map of Dülken in 1903

[10] Own production

[37] Own production, based on the map of Dülken in 1979

[11] Own production

[38] Own production, based on the map of Dülken in 1903

[12] Own production, based on Tranchot map

[39] map of borders of Dülken from 1824 to 1973, from archive in Viersen

[13] Own production, based on google earth

[40] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 100-101

[14] Datei:14 Neu-Fegers-Hof, Waldnieler Straße 53, (Dülken) , http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:14_

[41] Own production, based on bin map

Neu-Fegers-Hof,_Waldnieler_Stra%C3%9Fe_53,_(D%C3%BClken).jpg

[42] Own production, based on bin map

[15] Own production, based on Tranchot map

[43] Own production, based on bin map

[16] Own production, based on google earth

[44] Datei:467 Altes Waisenhaus, Eligiusplatz 2 (Dülken), http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.

[17] Datei:175 Nießenhof, Bistard 41a (Bistard), http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:175_

php?title=Datei:467_Altes_Waisenhaus,_Eligiusplatz_2_(D%C3%BClken).jpg&filetimesta

Nie%C3%9Fenhof,_Bistard_41a_(Bistard).jpg&filetimestamp=20120107110934

mp=20120107201956

[18] Own production, based on Tranchot map

[45] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 24-25

[19] Own production, based on google earth

[46] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 80-81

[20] Datei:480 Wohnstallhaus Tillerhöfe, Rheindahlaner Straße 399 (Dülken), http://de.wikipedia.

[47]Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 80-81

org/w/index.php?title=Datei:480_Wohnstallhaus_Tillerh%C3%B6fe,_Rheindahlaner_

[48] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 80-81

Stra%C3%9Fe_399_(D%C3%BClken).jpg&filetimestamp=20120107202036

[49] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 100-101

[21] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 336-337

[50] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 100-101

[22] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 124-125

[51] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 8-9

[23] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 8-9

[52] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 24-25

[24] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 52-53

[53] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 8-9

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[25] Own production [26] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 100-101 [27] Perdelwitz, G. (Dülken, republication from 1964) Chronik der Stadt Dülken. Page 100-101 [28] Strau Denkmalplflegeplan Dülken: Leitfaden zur Gestaltung und Erhaltung

All textual material has been adapted and/ or translated from the original before publishing. All visual material has undergone some form of alteration by a digital medium before publishing.

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