BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
HISTORICAL
“ Rivers are physically and metaphorically more complicated than roads. That makes them more of a challenge, perhaps more interesting. ” 2 Row Wampum The original party, the Aboriginal, is built upon a philosophy that has interdependence at its core. This is the opposite of such European ideas as the melting pot, which was picked up by our neighbour as a way of explaining how you could get a new kind of European-style purity out of a mix of peoples. The idea of difference is central to indigenous civilization. These differences are not meant to be watertight compartments, not vessels of purity. It is all about working out how to create realtionships that are mixed in various ways and designed to create balances. It is the idea of a complex society functionning like an equally complex family within an ever-enlarging circle. That is the Canadian model. [p.107] JOHN RALSTON SAUL - “A FAIR COUNTRY”
Haudenosaunee Wampum The site is located historically on the sacred land of the Six Nations of the Grand River. In 1784, the Haldimand Treaty was signed between Six Nations and the Europeans granting them with ownership of the land from the head to the mouth of the Grand River and six miles two either side. Today, the Six Nations reserve is consolidated in Brantford, Ontario, just twenty minutes south of the site.
MODEL
Onandoga in the center are respresented by a White Pine as they are the Peacemakers, who united the nations. The second Wampum represents European settlers and the First Nations moving in the same direction on sperate but parrallel paths, symbolic of a healthy relationship between the two cultures. This spa/community building seeks to embody this relationship. Six Nations, generally known as Iroquois or Haudenoshaunee, are the “people who build the longhouse.” This resilient architectural form was not only a form of shelter but an embodiement of First Nations culture and therefore of human relationships and behaviours. It is this idea of form evoking culture and healthy human relationships that the spa as longhouse strives for.
PRECEDENT Hus-1 [Torsten Ottesjo; Scadinavia] Native Child & Family Services [Levitt Goodman Architects; Toronto]
The environment is certainly not linear. It does not respond to human behaviour in a linear manner. In case this does not sufficiently clarify how unromantic the indigenous view is, listen to Mohawk writer Beth Brant: “We do not worship nature. We are part of it.” That could be taken as an exact statement of how we need to think in the context of global warming or the rapid loss of species or the polluting of the water systems or the loss of arable land. If you see global warming as something precise that we humans have done, you are lost. If you see yourself as part of the situation, you can act. - JOHN RALSTON SAUL
Pictou Landing Health Center [Richard Kroeker Design]
SITE PLAN 1:500
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
VIEW OF ENTRANCE AND THREE SISTERS COMMUNITY GARDENS FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
ENERGY MANIFESTO
4 5 2 3
1
SITE STRATEGY AXONOMETRIC
The building is oriented primarily along the north-south axis with its long sides to the east and west. The plan gently curves to maximize southern glazing exposure. Sectionally the building adopts the vernacular form of the Iroquoian Longhouse. This sectional quality provides an effective and efficient water collection strategy and in the longitudinal axis the section increases in floor-to-floor height at the extremities to as to maximize direct solar gain whiile also providing adequate shading for the peak cooling season.
1
South Exposed Productive Community Gardens
4
Locate Warmer, Insulary Program at North End of the Site
2
Large Overhangs on South Face and Windows
5
3
Manufactured Wetland at Low-point of Site Accomodates Site Storm Water Management
Capitalize on Shading Effectiveness of Existing Tree Cover
SECTION PERSPECTIVE DIAGRAM The overall strategy for the design of the spa as longhouse was to find a new architectural language through the use of the sectional properties of the vernacular form of the Iroquoian longhouse with modern building enclosure and passive strategies. Like the longhouse the building is relatively solid along its lengths but opens up towards the south to capitalize on direct southern sun and reciprocally the saunas, which provide heat themsleves, are located at the northern end of the site. The primary structure is made of bentwood sapling trsses which are relatively inexpensive and can be sourced locally. The building acts as a homegenous shell which allows for ample cross-ventilation and stack effect throught the enclosure. Within this overall shell, the program is housed within rectilinear cores within the space allow for simple but efficient distribution of services. Finally, a central hearth uses a high-efficiency masonry wood-burning heater to heat hot water for radiant in-slab heating throughout the building.
BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER
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FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
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LEGEND GROUND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UPPER
THREE SISTERS GARDENS RECEPTION SOLARIUM WAMPUM WORKSHOP ELDERS ROOM KITCHEN CAFE DRUM CIRCLE STUDIO PEACEMAKER COURT
10 11 12 13 14
CHANGEROOM STORAGE / LOADING WET TREATMENT ROOM SAUNAS PLUNGE POOL AND SWEETGRASS GARDEN
FLOOR PLANS
1 2 3 4
PRIVATE TREAMENT ROOM RESIDENCE MECH. / ELEC. STORAGE
BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
WEST ELEVATION SCALE: 1:100
EAST ELEVATION SCALE: 1:100
Thomas King; “An Inconvenient Indian”
VIEW FROM GRAND AVENUE
BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE: 1:100
NORTH ELEVATION SCALE: 1:100 BUILDING SYSTEMS DIAGRAMS AND ENERGY SPREADSHEET
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966 Water Storage Tank (connected to water jacket & city water) Air Source Heat Pump (connected to ventilation fan)
Supplementary Hot Water Boiler
Fan Coil Unit (connected to fresh air intake and building ducts)
Manifold Distributing to Various Radiant Zones
HRV (connected to return ducts and exhaust vent) Fan Coil Unit (connected to fresh air intake and building ducts)
Water Jacket Surrounding Wood-Burning Masonry Heater
4 5 2 3
1
SITE STRATEGY AXONOMETRIC
The building is oriented primarily along the north-south axis with its long sides to the east and west. The plan gently curves to maximize southern glazing exposure. Sectionally the building adopts the vernacular form of the Iroquoian Longhouse. This sectional quality provides an effective and efficient water collection strategy and in the longitudinal axis the section increases in floor-to-floor height at the extremities to as to maximize direct solar gain whiile also providing adequate shading for the peak cooling season.
VIEW FROM PUBLIC RIVER PATH IN WINTER
1
South Exposed Productive Community Gardens
4
Locate Warmer, Insulary Program at North End of the Site
2
Large Overhangs on South Face and Windows
5
3
Manufactured Wetland at Low-point of Site Accomodates Site Storm Water Management
Capitalize on Shading Effectiveness of Existing Tree Cover
Energy Report Summary Fraser Plaxton
Project Designer
20299966
Student ID Number Total Net Floor Area
2 580 m
Window-to-Wall Ratio
0.21
2
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
0.61
812 m
Total Gross Floor Area
2 2173 m
Site Area excluding laneways
4
Window Spec: U-value = 0.19 SHGC = 0.47 Daylight Fraction 0.03
1 2
Estimated Total Annual Energy Use Energy Use by End-Use Space Heating Space Cooling Ventilation Water Heating Plug and Process Lighting Renewable Energy Generation
115350 kWh Energy Use by End-Use Table 521 8454 47733 7188 5730 49273 3548
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh
3
Space Heating 0% Space Cooling 7%
Lighting 42% Ventilatio n 40%
142 kWh/m /year 2
SITE WATER STRATEGY
The cladding system creates a gutter that runs the length of the exterior facade serving to control the flow of water off the roof at door openeings and windows while also providing a means to collect rainwater and filter it for use as irrigation water for gardening and other grey-water functions in the building.
Global Warming Potential Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
34 kg 78 kg
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Plug and Process 5%
18492 kg
Equivalent to CO2 emissions from
Water Heating 6%
Average Ontario Service Building [1]
436 451
Average Ontario Retail Building [1]
EUI (kWh/m2/yr)
Current Practice - Good [2]
400 300 200 100 0
Current Practice - Better Current Practice - Best
250 175 100
142
174
Fraser Plaxton's Project
131
Architecture 2030 Target - Today [3]
87
44
Architecture 2030 Target - 2015
0
Architecture 2030 Target - 2020 Architecture 2030 Target - 2025 Architecture 2030 Target - 2030
VIEW OF RECEPTION AND WAMPUM WORKSHOP
Curved Roof Sheds All Rainwater
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Continuous Gutter Detail Collects Roof Water
Rainwater cistern stores water for future use in outdoor irrigation
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Site graded towards low-point to acomodate site drainage in planted wetland (tall grasses and other resilient species with water filtration properties)
36.4 cars
Energy Use Intensity Comparisons
500
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Notes: [1] EUI for Average Canadian Office Building is from Natural Resources Canada "Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use Survey 2000" [2] EUI for Good, Better and Best Current Practice is based on current experience for this building type [3] More information about the Architecture 2030 Challenge can be found at http://architecture2030.org/
06/07/2013 11:26 PM
For the completion of the Energy Spreadsheet, I simplified the building form into a faceted massing that is equivalent in surface area to the actual design. This allowed me to calculate the total area of exterior surface for each cardinal direction and allowed me to approximate the area of roof to wall of the exterior shell. The key moves in the Energy Report were the addition of factors for mechanical and lighting efficiencies (i.e. masonry heater and LED fixtures) as well as ensuring all wall assemblies had high U-Values and Shading Effectiveness.
TOTAL SURFACE AREA BY ORIENTATION
46.97sqm
Surface area of each cardinal direction calculated using simplified fractions for curved exterior surfaces
N : 190.8sqm S : 114.2sqm E: 231.5sqm W: 180.0sqm
45.77sqm
15.34sqm 300.0sqm
679.21sqm
31.2sqm 20.83sqm
235.0sqm
46.4sqm
N
BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER COSTING BREAKDOWN Project
Fraser Plaxton -20299966
Location
Cambridge, Ontario
STRUCTURAL DETAIL SCALE: 1:20 Report Date Page No. Bldg Type C.T. Index
ELEMENTAL COST SUMMARY
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC DIAGRAMS
Spa
G.F.A. Element A
SHELL A1 SUBSTRUCTURE A11 wall footings foundation walls foundation wall excavation A12 Basement Excavation A2 STRUCTURE
Ratio to GFA
0.177 0.177 0.177 0.000
A21 Slab on grade (plain slab) Insulation Glulam Column Bentwood Sapling Trusses (custom wood construction priced based on 75% of typical glulam strcture)
0.838 0.838
2x8 Interior Wood Frame A22 2nd Floor Construction
0.467 0.162
Elemental Cost Quantity Unit Unit Rate m2 144 lm 144 lm 144 lm
110.00 340.00 75.00
Elemental Amount Sub-Total Total 1,142,721 75,611 15,851 48,960 10,800 0 152,099
813 m2 Rate per m2 % Sub-Total Total 1,145.56 29.7% 93.00 2.0% 19.50 60.22 13.28 0.00 187.08 4.0%
681 m2 681 m2 38 ea
45.00 93.90 265.00
30,645 63,946 10,070
37.69 78.65 12.39
38 ea
198.75
7,553
9.29
380 m2 132 m2
23.20 21.30
8,816 2,812
10.84 3.46
Roof 0.891 725 m2 21.30 Exterior Wood Frame Walls 0.680 553 m2 23.20 Solid Masonry Chimney 0.136 111 m2 474.00 EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE Walls Above Grade: Cedar Rainscren Cladding (w/insulation and membrane included + 10% for extra insulation) 0.693 564 m2 605.00 A33 Glazing: Triple Glazed Windows 0.106 86 m2 850.00 Triple Glazed Skylights 0.012 10 m2 1,500.00 Triple Glazed Curtain Wall 0.115 93 m2 1,000.00 A34 Roof Coverings: Wood Deck (Sheathing & Strapping) 0.835 679 m2 250.00 Green Roof 0.056 46 m2 250.00 Insulation 0.891 725 m2 91.60 Membrane 0.892 725 m2 200.00 B INTERIORS B1 PARTITIONS & DOORS B11 Wood Frame Partitions 0.418 340 m2 23.40 B12 Doors Wood Entrance Doors 4 ea 2,500.00 Glass Entrance Doors 4 ea 5,000.00 Bi-folding Doors 0.013 11 m2 1,500.00 Interior Glass Doors 5 ea 3,000.00 Pocket Doors 5 ea 1,250.00 Interior Hollow Core Wood Doors 14 ea 1,000.00 Automatic Door Openers 6 ea 2,500.00 B13 Garage Doors 1 ea 10,000.00 B2 FINISHES B21 Polished Concrete Topping 0.838 681 m2 15.00 Harwood Strip Flooring 0.162 132 m2 138.00 B22 Cedar Strapping Ceiling Finish 0.892 725 m2 14.80 Suspended Gypsum Ceiling 0.388 315 m2 12.70 B23 Cedar Strapping Wall Finish 0.883 718 m2 14.80 Painted Gypsum Wall Finish 0.999 812 m2 5.73 B3 FITTINGS & EQUIPMENT B31 Kitchen 1 ea 22,000.00 Toilet 8 ea 1,200.00 Sinks 10 ea 1,320.00 Shower Stall 6 ea 2,260.00 B32 Reception Desk 0.005 4 lm 165.00 C SERVICES m2 C1 MECHANICAL C11 Radiant System Piping 1.000 813 m2 50.00 C12 Wood Bruning Masonry Heater 1 ea 50,000.00 C13 Misc. Pumps & Storage Tanks 0.001 1 ea 50,000.00 C14 HRV 1.000 813 m2 25.00 C15 Plumbing 1.000 813 m2 200.00 C16 Ventilation Ductwork 1.000 813 m2 150.00 C17 Hydraulic Lift 0.001 1 ea 50,000.00 C18 Controls 1.000 813 m2 100.00 C2 ELECTRICAL C21 Service & Distribution 1.000 813 m2 100.00 C22 Lighting, Devices, & Heating 1.000 813 m2 250.00 C23 Systems & Ancillaries 1.000 813 m2 75.00 NET BUILDING COST - EXCLUDING SITE D1 SITE WORK D11 Site Development - Landscaping 1 m2 400,000.00 Plunge Pool 1 ea 300,000.00 Stormwater Management 1 ea 200,000.00 D12 Mechanical Site Services 1 ea 150,000.00 D13 Electrical Site Services 1 ea 100,000.00 D2 ANCILLARY WORK D21 Demolitions 0.000 Sum D22 Alterations 0.000 Sum NET BUILDING COST - INCLUDING SITE Z1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS & FEE Z11 General Requirements n/a 8.0 % n/a Z12 Fee n/a 4.0 % n/a TOTAL CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE - EXCLUDING CONTINGENCIES Z2 ALLOWANCES Z21 Design & Pricing Allowance n/a 15.0 % n/a Z22 Escalation Allowance n/a 8.0 % n/a Z23 Construction Allowance n/a 10.0 % n/a TOTAL CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE - INCLUDING CONTINGENCIES HARMONIZED SERVICES TAX Harmonized Services Tax n/a 13.0 % n/a TOTAL CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE
15,436 12,822 52,595
18.99 15.77 64.69
A23 A24 A25 A3 A32
915,011
865.47
340,954
419.38
73,100 15,000 93,400
89.91 18.45 114.88
169,750 11,425 66,383 145,000
208.79 14.05
23.8%
19 x 140mm Cedar Rainscreen 38 x 89mm Cedar Furring Fastened to Joists 19mm Plywood Sheathing w/ Self-Adhearing Water Retardant Membrane 38 x 140mm Wood Joists @ approx. 650mm O.C. Fastened to Truss w/ Sampson Strong-Tie Joist Hanger 140mm of Rockwool Batt Insulation Continuous Vapour Barrier 19 x 140mm Cedar Strapping Fastened to Truss Bentwood Sapling Truss (150-200mm dia.)
2
FOUNDATIONS
Poured -in-place concrete footings bearing on bedrock with one-way slab on grade
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1
Steel re-inforced concrete footing: 400mm wide
2
Concrete slab: 300mm depth
Pre-finished Formed Copper Rainwater Gutter
Steel Bolt and Welded Steel Plate Connection
178.35 220,962 108,156
271.79 133.03
7,956
9.79
10,000 20,000 16,200 15,000
12.30 24.60 19.93 18.45
14,000 15,000 10,000
17.22 18.45 12.30 53,786
10,215 18,216 10,730 4,005 10,620 4,653 22,000 9,600 13,200 13,560 660
40,650 50,000 50,000 20,325 162,600 121,950 50,000 81,300
1.4%
72.60
1.5%
811.50 386.50
24.0% 15.0%
425.00
9.0%
2,228.84 799.51
59.4% 29.9%
Nineteen couples of bentwood sapling trusses form the primary building structure. These trusses bear on glulam colums and are connected by a welded steel plate and bolt detail. The outward thrust on the trusses is accomodated by butressing the glulams against the concrete foundation.
300mm Slab-On-Grade 150mm of Rigid Polystyrene Insulation 200mm Drain Rock
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Bentwood Sapling Trusses: 150-200mm in diameter
2
180mm x 500mm Glulam Column w/ Steel Plate
3
Butressing of Glulam Column
150.00 100.00
2,286,033 1,150,000
100.00 250.00 75.00 $ 492.00
184.50 123.00 0
665,381 $
66.16
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
2
1
61.50 25.00
400,000 300,000 200,000 150,000 100,000
577,254 307,869 384,836 $
Pressure-Treated Plywood Boxing Around Glulam Foundation
50.00
345,525
274,883 137,441 $
3
27.06 11.81 16.24 16.68 0.81 922,350 576,825
0 0 $
5.7% 2.8%
12.56 22.41 13.20 4.93 13.06 5.72 59,020
81,300 203,250 60,975 $
180 x 500mm Glulam Column
3,436,033 412,324
3,848,357 1,269,958
5,118,315 665,381 5,783,696
1 0.00
0.00 0.00 $ 338.11 169.05 $ 710.03 378.68 473.35 $ 818.43 $
CEDAR STRAPPING
0.0%
3,028.35 507.16
89.3% 10.7%
3,535.52 1,562.06
100.0%
Lapped cedar strapping forms the interior finish conforming to the irregularity of the bentwood sapling form while providing a cavity for insulation and a surface to apply building membrane
1
Lapped 19mm x 89mm Cedar Strapping Nailed into Truss
5,097.58 818.43 5,916.01
1
Thomas King; “An Inconvenient Indian”
SECONDARY STRUCTURE 2
Joists run perpendicular to sapling trusses to provide lateral shear strength and provide structure for the cedar rainscreen cladding.
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38mm x 184mm Wood Joists Fastened Perpendicular to Tangent of Truss with Sampson Joist Hangers
2
Typical 38mm x 184mm Wood Stud Wall Pinned at Top of Glulam Column and at Foundation Wall
2
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURAL WALLS
Interior Volumes and Sauna are constructed of a typical wood frame assembly of 38 x 184mm studs and 38 x 235mm floor and ceiling joists.
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1
Curtain Wall End Walls
2
Sauna Pavillion
1
RAINSCREEN CLADDING 2
VIEW OF CAFE AND DRUM CIRCLE STUDIO
CROSS-SECTION THROUGH PRACTITIONERS RESIDENCE SCALE: 1:50
Faceted Cedar Rainscreen conforms to building form supported on varying sizes of horizontal cedar strapping. The cladding is lapped so as to create a continuous gutter at the 3m datum.
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Cedar Plank Rainscreen Cladding on Cedar Strapping
2
Continuous Gutter Detail
BENTWOOD GRAND RIVER WELLNESS CENTER
FRASER PLAXTON 20299966
UNFOLDED LONGITUDINAL SECTION SCALE: 1:100
Richard Wagamese; “Keeper In Me”
VIEW OF DRUM CIRCLE STUDIO FROM RESIDENCE BALCONY
CROSS-SECTION THROUGH HEARTH AND DRUM CIRCLE STUDIO SCALE: 1:50