November 20 2013

FRESNO STATE

COLLEGIAN.CSUFRESNO.EDU

SERVING CAMPUS SINCE 1922

WEDNESDAY ISSUE | NOVEMBER 20, 2013

Student killed in traffic accident on Shaw Ave.

By Jacob Rayburn The Collegian

A 43-year-old male student was killed Tuesday night when he was struck by a car while jaywalking across Shaw Avenue near Jackson Avenue, Fresno police Lt. Phil Cooley said.

Police responded to the 6:23 p.m. call to find the student on the ground with packing paper he had been carrying scattered around him, Cooley said.

The driver, who police believe to be in his 50s or 60s, of the sil-

ver Toyota Matrix that hit the victim, stopped and cooperated with police.

The student was taken to St. Agnes Medical Center, where he died from his injuries.

The driver told police he didn’t see the victim, Cooley said, and it appeared to have been a tragic accident.

He said no charges were expected against the driver.

Cooley added: “There are a lot of pedestrians near campus. Please use the crosswalks.”

Photos by Roe Borunda / The Collegian

A 43-year-old male student was jaywalking across Shaw Avenue near Jackson Avenue Tuesday night when he was hit by a Toyota Matrix, Fresno police said. The student died of his injuries at St. Agnes Medical Center.

Students urged to help rural America

Rachel Taylor / The Collegian

U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack spoke to students, faculty and community members Tuesday morning about the new farm bill and helping rural America.

Secretary of Agriculture visits campus to speak about farm bill

By Rachel Taylor The Collegian U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack discussed the significance of Congress passing a new food, farm and jobs bill and Fresno State’s role in helping rural America Tuesday morning during a public forum in the Satellite Student Union.

The Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology hosted Vilsack’s visit, during which he emphasized the importance of rural America and the bill’s effect on such areas.

“Rural America is extraordinarily important to all of America, and its contributions are far too often not fully appreciated in cities, suburbs and other parts of this country,” Vilsack said.

Most of the food America consumes, Vilsack said, comes from rural areas, making its contribution crucial to assuring the nation’s food security.

Vilsack also noted the value of rural America, which represents 16 percent of the country’s population, in helping to provide the nation with surface drinking water, energy and recreational opportunities.

But rural America, he said, has been challenged in recent years by the economy, climate change and an increasing world population.

See VILSACK, Page 3

Kennedy’s legacy discussed on eve of 50th anniversary of death

By Jesse Franz The Collegian Four Fresno State professors spoke Monday about the historical significance of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and his legacy as president during a panel discussion.

Friday will mark the 50th anniversary of the day Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy in Dallas.

The panel, hosted by Phi Alpha Theta, included subjects ranging from conspiracy theories sur-

rounding the assassination to Kennedy’s successes and failures in foreign policy.

The speakers included Dr. Lori Clune and Dr. Blain Roberts from the history department and Dr. Thomas Holyoke and Dr. Russell Mardon of the political science department.

Conspiracies surround his assassination Clune said when Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald on live TV,

there was a lack of answers about what actually happened and why.

“There is a mystery; there is an unknown, and into the unknown floods the weird and crazy,” Clune said.

Kennedy’s assassination has spawned conspiracy theories like few other events in history, Clune said. She said thousands of books and articles have been written about what may or may not have happened on Nov. 22, 1963.

The prevalence of conspiracy theories is so complete, Clune

said, that as of this April, 59 percent of people believe that a conspiracy occurred concerning the Kennedy assassination “That’s more Americans than agree on just about anything,” she said.

Clune said that Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy found it difficult to believe that Oswald worked alone to execute the assassination.

Quoting Johnson, she said, “What raced through my mind was that if they had shot our pres-

ident driving down there, who would they shoot next and what was going on in Washington, and when would the missiles be coming? And I thought it was a conspiracy, and I raised that question and nearly everyone who was with me raised it as well.”

Johnson created the Warren Commission to find answers.

Headed by Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren, it sought to create a definitive account of how See KENNEDY, Page 6

OPINION PAGE 2

OP-ED

GOT OPINIONS? We want to hear them.

COLLEGIAN-OPINION@CSUFRESNO.EDU WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013 1

COLLEGIAN.CSUFRESNO.EDU

A 50th Anniversary review of Kennedy's legacy

By Toini Hiipakka This Friday will mark the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy’s death.

Although Kennedy is discussed frequently and countless books are written about him seemingly every year, the 50th anniversary of his assassination surely calls for a more commemorative moment.

For many Americans, Kennedy was, and remains, a curiously special and intriguing president. To this day, he continues to capture our attention, interest and admiration. Kennedy’s intrigue is not entirely surprising; he was a unique president.

He was a magnetic presence, charismatic and charming, full of optimism, confidence and conviction. The youngest president to ever be elected to the White House, he was dynamic, and brought a new energy to the White House. His presidential leadership was accessible and exciting.

The promises Kennedy made throughout his presidential campaign of 1960 were bold and strong. Internationally, the United States was engaged in the threatening and monumental Cold War against the Soviet Union.

Domestically, Americans were faced with the violence of racial segregation in the South and were confronted with the Civil Rights Movement.

We were also facing other concerns, including an economic recession. Kennedy boldly commanded the American people’s attention in the first televised presidential debate in 1960, against Richard Nixon: “Therefore, I think the question before the American people is: Are we doing as much as we can do? [...] I should make it very clear that I do not think we're doing enough, that I am not satisfied as an American with the progress that we're making. This is a great country, but I think it could be a greater country…”

When Kennedy entered office in January of 1961, he took on a series of challenges and reforms which were aggressive, liberal and progressive.

On the one hand, he sought to push the country forward, in terms of science, tech-

nology and industry. He called his administration, “the new frontier.”

He made it a priority to secure funding for the space program with a request of nearly $9 billion from Congress, with the goal that we would land an American astronaut safely on the moon. He signed off on liberal legislation including an increase in the minimum wage, expansion of unemployment benefits, an increase of Social Security benefits and he sought to increase the development of infrastructure at home.

Only two months into his presidency, he also established the Peace Corps, an organization which allowed Americans to serve impoverished countries, with the hopes of establishing and sustaining peaceful relations through development.

Of significance, he was also a strong champion for women’s rights, evident in his creation of the Commission on the Status of Women in December of 1961. He and subsequent lobbied for the passage of the 1963 Equal Pay Act, which prohibited paying women lower wages than men for the same job. Kennedy was instrumental in the promotion of gender equality, both in education and employment.

Despite these progressive advances, Kennedy also revealed his human side in very real blunders — for instance, in the failed invasion of Cuba in the Bay of Pigs fiasco.

Under direction from the U.S., a group of CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempted to invade Cuba and oust Communist dictator Fidel Castro. Castro’s army stopped the invaders, and the plan failed, a huge embarrassment for Kennedy and his administration.

Although a public failure, Kennedy also publicly admitted responsibility. During the following year in October of 1962 an American U2 spy plane snapped pictures that showed the construction of Soviet missile bases in Cuba.

Kennedy immediately called a special meeting of his top advisers, who urged him during very intense hours of discussion to launch air strikes as soon as possible to destroy the bases.

Kennedy carefully considered all sides, understanding the very real danger behind

such an act, as this could bring the world to nuclear war if the Soviet Union retaliated.

Today, it seems rather levelheaded and logical of Kennedy to, instead, take a more cautious approach, opting for a naval blockade and negotiations with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.

Yet, at the time this was not necessarily the most-obvious choice. Considering the context of the Cold War and the various options, counsel and support for aggression, it could be said it was somewhat fateful Kennedy was president at this particular place and moment in time.

What soon followed was the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in August of 1963, as the Soviet Union and the U.S. both promised to not test nuclear bombs in air, space or water.

Historians also debate his stance on Vietnam, as he is partly responsible for escalating the American presence.

Kennedy tripled the amount of American economic and military aid to the South and increased the number of military advisers.

He is also critiqued for failing to take more initiative on the Civil Rights Movement, something he had promised to do throughout his presidential campaign.

Although he was initially lukewarm to political legislation for civil rights, by 1963 with massive demonstrations, violence and police brutality in Birmingham, Ala., he finally responded in June by proposing a new civil rights bill.

It made segregation illegal in all interstate rooms and housing, promised equal employment opportunities and gave the attorney general the ability to file school integration suits.

It also stipulated federal money would be withheld from federal programs that discriminated and removed a barrier that prevented voting by declaring a sixth-grade education to be sufficient for literacy. For the organizers and leaders of the civil rights movement, this was finally the longawaited legislative response for which they were hoping.

Although Kennedy’s record is mixed and we can recognize his blunders, mistakes and flaws, there are times in which we must recognize great leaders when we

are presented with them, and it does not happen very often.

Entering the presidency in 1961, he was seemingly eager, aggressive and ready to fulfill the large leadership role for which the office called. He made sure the American people knew he was more than just a president; he was a capable and strong leader who would boldly confront the challenges we faced.

Yet the overwhelming particularities and complexities he encountered in office called for different attributes, for something more.

Kennedy listened and contemplated; he showed intelligence, restraint, humbleness and the ability to face overwhelming events with a perspective that reached beyond his own role. It is my humble opinion Kennedy showed a type of leadership that is unique, as at particular crucial and key moments he responded to circumstances with a larger consciousness; beyond the realm of politics or power struggles.

He was capable of acting with a spirit focused on the larger picture, without worrying about ego, competency or credibility.

When circumstances called for it, Kennedy showed he was capable of rising above. He had a spark of a special quality, a particular character that came out at small moments, but they were moments that had historic consequences.

If Kennedy would have lived, would he have calmed down the escalation of Vietnam? We will never know. Was he perfect? Certainly not.

What we do know is that he delicately steered our country in a crucial and very delicate time, leaving a significant legacy behind that we as Americans can all continue to learn from; as great presidents not only shape their country, but are shaped by it in equal proportions.

About the author Toini Hiipakka is a graduate student studying history. She loves grapefruit and has a crush on Lyndon B. Johnson.

McClatchy-Tribune

THE

Collegian

The Collegian is a student publication that serves the Fresno State community on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Views expressed in The Collegian do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff or university.

The Collegian California State University, Fresno 5201 N. Maple Ave., M/S SA42 Fresno, CA 93740-8027 News Line: (559) 278-2486 Business Line: (559) 278-5735 http://collegian.csufresno.edu

Letters to the Editor (collegian@csufresno.edu) All letters submitted to The Collegian must not exceed 250 words in length, must be type-written, and must be accompanied by a full name and phone number to verify content. The Collegian reserves the right to edit all material for length, content, spelling and grammar, as well as the right to refuse publication of any material submitted. All material submitted to The Collegian becomes property of The Collegian.

Each member of the campus community is permitted one copy of The Collegian. Subscriptions are available for $25, on a semester basis. Staff positions at The Collegian are open to students of all majors. Contact the Editor in Chief for details.

All content Copyright © 2013 The Collegian.

Editor in Chief News Editor Assistant News Editor Arts and Entertainment Editor Opinion Editor Sports Editor Photo Editor Staff Photographer Staff Reporter Staff Reporter Staff Reporter Multimedia Director Multimedia Journalist Multimedia Journalist Multimedia Journalist Multimedia Journalist Webmaster

General Sales Manager Ricardo Cano Local Advertising Manager Jacob Rayburn National Advertising Manager Brianna Vaccari Art Director Megan Rupe Assistant Art Director Haley Lambert Distribution Manager Christopher Livingston Accountancy Assistant Roe Borunda Khlarissa Agee General Manager Rachel Taylor Financial Manager Careen Wong Advertising Faculty Adviser Crystal Deniz Faculty Adviser Rachel Waldron MCJ Chair Michael Price Yocelin Gallardo Julian Paredes Andrea Guyton Joseph Deutscher

Andrew Gustafson Courtnei Johnson Nicole Knod Diana Williams Martha Pinilla Emanuel Clemente Vanessa Rodriguez Rich Marshall Toni A. Carmona Jan Edwards Dr. Bradley Hart Dr. Katherine Adams

.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013

PAGE 3

THE COLLEGIAN NEWS

VILSACK: New farm bill overdue as Congress debates Lecture CONTINUED from page 1

within the 2008 bill through September as part of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of “Despite the great farm economy we’ve 2012. seen in the last five years—the most robust Lawmakers hoped the extension would farm economy we’ve had in the history of the afford them more time to reach a deal. country—we haven’t seen economic growth in However, when the extension expired on terms of job opportunities in rural areas to the Sept. 30, negotiations concerning the new bill extent that we should have in the past when were set aside as Congress shifted its focus farmers did well,” Vilsack said. “As a result of to the government shutdown and a possible that, we continue to grapple with persistent default on the nation’s debt. poverty in rural areas.”

The debate regarding the Supplemental Eighty-five percent of Nutrition Assistance poor counties in the country, Program (SNAP)—commonVilsack said, are predomily known as “food stamps”— nantly located in rural areas. has been perhaps the bill’s “The solution to all of biggest obstacle. those challenges depends to e haven’t seen economic The House version of the a great extent on the abilgrowth in terms of job bill would cut food stamps ity for us to make a case opportunities in rural areas to the by $39 billion, while the to bright, entrepreneurextent that we should have in the Senate’s would cut $4 bilial, innovative and creative lion. past when farmers did well.” young people—educated at Charles Boyer, dean places like Fresno State—to of the Jordan College of — Tom Vilsack, Agricultural Sciences and go back to, come and stay U.S. Department of Agriculture Technology, said it is inconin rural communities when Secretary ceivable that Congress has the allure of a city or another opportunity might be great,” not passed a new farm bill. he said.

“I think the politics are Without a new farm bill, playing out between the Vilsack said, rural America polarization of the left and will continue to suffer. the right,” Boyer said. “Good The farm bill, which is renewed about every sense has gotten lost, and it’s unfortunate. five years and represents billions of taxpayer The extremes are too extreme on either end, dollars, establishes federal legislation govern- and we’ve lost the middle that used to be the ing an extensive range of programs that affect majority.” food, farm and rural policy in the U.S. Boyer said it is undeniable that the Valley Provisions within the massive piece of legis- has “food deserts,” or areas where people do lation are categorized by titles. not have access to healthy foods, even though In the 2008 farm bill, titles encompassed it is one of the most abundant agricultural everything from farm commodity price and areas in the world. income supports to agricultural conserva“If you look at our disadvantaged communition, research, bioenergy, foreign food aid and ties in the Valley, the Supplemental Nutrition domestic nutrition assistance.

Assistance Program is huge. It’s critical,” he The last farm bill was passed in 2008 and said. “From an educator’s standpoint, a young expired in 2012, making the new bill one year child having a healthy meal and showing up to overdue. school ready to learn is going to make such a After discussions between the Senate and difference in their ability to achieve their full House failed to produce a new bill earlier potential. It really impacts all our lives.” this year, Congress extended some provisions The farm bill also directly affects Fresno

“W

90

Class of 2012 % ofbarthepassers are employed full-time as attorneys.

Learn more about the legal profession and what a law degree can do for you!

Contact SJCL Admissions Counselor Lisandra Carrasco at lcarrasco@sjcl.edu or 559/323-2100 or visit our website at www.sjcl.edu

appLiCation deadLine iS marCh 31 SJCL admitS StudentS of any raCe, CoLor, and nationaL or ethniC origin.

State and its connection to agriculture.

Boyer said Title VII within the 2008 farm bill—which includes funding for education, research and extension programs—for the first time extended recognition and funding to non land-grant universities like Fresno State.

A land-grant college or university is an institution that Congress has designated to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.

The bill, Boyer said, opened up many potential doors for Fresno State in terms of student programs and Capacity Building Grants for education, research and outreach.

However, obtaining the appropriations hasn’t been easy, Boyer said. He attributes the difficulties to the economy.

“We’ve gotten probably about $250,000.

Maybe two grants a year,” he said. “They’re competitive across the country.”

Boyd said there are three grant programs that are important for people in California: the Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Development Program (BFRDP), the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) and the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI).

The BFRDP, he said, can help young people who want to develop their own businesses and farms by offering education, training, outreach and mentoring programs.

Crop insurance, another important part of the farm bill, affects the Valley and Fresno State, Boyer said.

“It’s not unusual to have crop failure at the last minute, and, in fact, we insure some of our crops on our student farm,” he said. “We’ve had losses of apricots, and we recover some of that loss from the insurance program.”

Boyer said everyone, including Fresno State students, should be engaged in the process of making decisions about the farm bill in addition to other important pieces of legislation.

“You need to be a voice, and you need to be an informed voice,” he said. “That’s what this country has been based on—participatory government and citizen involvement, and we’ve lost some of that.”

discusses race, connection to religion

By Jacob Rayburn The Collegian

John Tehranian, a law professor at Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles, spoke Monday night to about 100 people at the Alice Peters Auditorium about ‘colorblindness,’ the use of Middle-Eastern and Islamic themes to attack President Barack Obama and the current debate on affirmative action and immigration policy.

The event was co-sponsored by the Henry Madden Library and Ethics Center and the Islamic Cultural Center of Fresno as part of the library’s “Bridging Cultures Bookshelf: Muslim Journeys” project.

It was the last event in the series for the project, said Allison Cowgill, head of reference at the library.

“I think we exposed some people to things they didn’t know about Islam,” she said. “I think it was a provocative and interesting talk.”

John Tehranian, an Iranian American, remembers when he was turned away from a teaching job at a law school because of his

See RACE, Page 6

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

PAGE 4

COLLEGIAN.CSUFRESNO.EDU

Summit guides young minds

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013

PAGE 5

Greeks cozy up for charity

‘Black Male Summit’ brings students, faculty and professionals together to discuss societal issues

“S

tudents will have a better understanding on relationships among males and females, family structures, reclaiming a positive male image, financial responsibility and creating a positive swagger...”

— Johnny Conley, Mentor and summit organizer

Photo courtesy of Abby Hudson

Members of Fresno State’s Panhellenic Association. The Jr. Panhellenic Association is the junior member of the association, which represents Fresno State’s five National Panhellenic Conference sororities.

Flyer courtesy of Johnny Conley

Part of the flyer for today’s Black Male Summit. The event will take place in the University Business Center from noon to 4 p.m.

By Jahziel Tello Special to The Collegian The Black Male Summit—happening today in Room 192 of the University Business Center from noon to 4 p.m.—is inviting students, faculty and the community to come out and get positive.

Johnny Conley, a mentor and one of the summit’s main organizers, said the event is designed to assist Fresno State’s current African-American males with societal issues he believes they encounter on campus and in the community.

Conley said the event will feature a guest panel of students, faculty and professionals who will discuss issues, such as low retention rates in high school and in college. He said the event also “brings awareness and dialogue to the concerns and challenges AfricanAmerican males endure.”

“I get satisfaction by educating our young people on the challenges they are going through and eventually will face after college,” Conley said. “It is about preparing them for the real-world corporate America.”

Conley said events like the Black Male Summit help to educate these young men and mentor them toward a path of success.

“I pursued this event because I have a passion on aiding in the development of our students,” Conley said.

Devon Boone has been under the wing of Conley and is the historian for Social Work Association, a member of Black Students United and will also be on the panel at the summit.

Boone said he is interning this semester for Men’s Alliance, which is a mentoring program through Fresno Unified School District.

“The program helps students to develop character development and leadership,” Boone said.

“My role is to meet with students one-on-one about their academic grades and the personal issues they face.

“I connect them with the kind of resources they need, as well as being there for them.”

Boone said he worked with Conley on the summit by collabo-

rating and coming up with questions on specific issues prevalent for African-American males in today’s society.

“I am hoping that students receive the knowledge on strategies on how to maneuver through school successfully, and who to talk to and discovering ways that can help their well-being,” Boone said.

The Black Male Summit will involve a question and answer discussion with the help of the community and other organizations, including Fresno State Black Faculty/Staff Association, E.D.G.E. and University Outreach Services.

Conley said he is expecting 40-60 people to attend and promises students will leave with a new perspective.

“Students will have a better understanding on relationships among males and females, family structures, reclaiming a positive male image, financial responsibility and creating a positive swagger,” Conley said. “This event will impact many lives and is intended to guide our young men to success.”

Fresno State’s Jr. Panhellenic Association hosts pajama drive benefiting Fresno Bring in your college ID Thursday & Saturday nights for discounts 1144 E. Champlain Dr #108 Fresno, California 93720

(559) 433-9200 http://www.hckusa.com

iPhones • iPads • iPods • Androids • Tablets

15% OFF Any Repair Service or Accessory (present coupon for discount at purchase)

Free Screen Protector With Any Phone Repair (present coupon for discount at purchase)

Buy • Sell • Swap • Flash • Unlock • Repair

By Noelle Chaney Special to The Collegian There is nothing quite like that warm and fuzzy feeling people get from a new pair of pajamas, unless it is the warm and fuzzy feeling they get from donating a pair to someone in need.

Members of Fresno State’s Jr. Panhellenic Association, associated with the Panhellenic Association, will be holding a pajama drive today through Friday and are asking for

“T

here was a list of things that we could’ve donated, but we chose pajamas because every night, they [Naomi’s House] provide each woman with a pair of pajamas...”

— Abby Hudson, Jr. Panhellenic vice president and drive organizer

donations of new or gently used women’s pajamas.

Jr. Panhellenic vice president Abby Hudson coordinated the drive and said the pajamas will be donated to Fresno nonprofit Naomi’s House, which opened in 2002 to help women who live on the street.

“There was a list of things that we could’ve donated, but we chose pajamas because every night, they [Naomi’s House] provide each woman with a pair of pajamas,” Hudson said.

Having volunteered at Poverello House when she was younger, Hudson said she remembers seeing women come into the shelter for help.

“It’s women who want to be helped and be safe, so it’s amazing to know we’re helping with the high homeless rate,” she said.

Katherine Simmons, a member of the Jr. Panhellenic Association, said that group also wanted to get involved and help a local charity by providing those in need with something that isn’t commonly donated.

“There is always going to be a turkey drive or a canned food drive,” Simmons said. “Pajamas were something that more than one charity requested.

“They are necessary, appreciated and often looked over.”

In addition to providing shelter, Naomi’s House has collaborated with other organizations to provide hot food, medical and dental care, laundry and transportation to help women get back on their feet.

Tamara Hansen, another member of the association, said the organization chose to donate to Naomi’s House because they wanted a direct link of woman-to-woman.

“Since we are an organization of women, we knew we wanted to do something that would directly help women,” Hansen said.

Hudson said they have mainly received donations from fraternities and sororities, which have boxes for donations in every house.

For students not involved in the Greek system, Hudson said they can bring their donation of new or gently used pajamas to the members of the Jr. Panhellenic Association, who will have a table set up from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. in front of Taco Bell across from The Pit. The association will also accept monetary donations.

The drive ends Friday.

COMMENT: The Collegian is a

for student expression.

C forum http://collegian.csufresno.edu

.

PAGE 6

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013

THE COLLEGIAN NEWS

KENNEDY: Panel discusses conspiracies, policies

CONTINUED from page 1

dations for services which will enable women to continue their the assassination happened. roles as wives and mothers.’

However, Clune said that “So we’re going to help women Johnson told them not to dig too in the workplace, but really we deeply for fear of what they might think women should be wives and find or reveal to the public. mothers. In other words, the com“He argued if they proved that mission, by design, was someCastro was behind the assassi- what conflicted as to what women nation, the United States would should be doing: working or stayhave to invade Cuba. And then the ing at home.”

Soviets would respond and that She emphasized that there was would be the start of World War important legislation that came III,” Clune said. out of the Kennedy administraAs a result, Clune argued that tion, though. This included the the real conspiracy may have been Equal Pay Act, signed into law in what the Warren Commission the summer of 1963. covered up and not the assassinaThe law required that women tion itself. working the same jobs as men must receive the same pay.

Kennedy’s legislative Because of the high amount of legacy mixed sexual segregation amongst jobs in the work place, it was not as His assassination left a last- effective as it could have been. ing mark on U.S. history, but “A law that required equal pay there was more to his legacy than for comparable work would have his death. Roberts addressed had a larger impact,” Roberts his record on civil rights legisla- argued. tion for women U n l i k e and Africanthe women’s Americans. movement “He was at the time, a tragic hero the Africanis legislative achievements whose life was American civil are portrayed, in these cut short, his rights movebooks, in an overwhelmingly potential not positive light and sometimes even ment was more realized,” she established durinaccurately.” said of the ing Kennedy’s narrative of presidency.

Kennedy’s life — Dr. Blain Roberts, R o b e r t s and time as History professor said Kennedy president in passed up many early textbooks. opportunities “His legislative to strengthen achie v e m e nt s the cause unless are portrayed, his hand was in these books, in an overwhelm- forced. She cited the freedom ridingly positive light and sometimes ers and violence over southern even inaccurately.” black voter registration in which As time passed, Roberts said the government largely failed to historians changed their view of protect activists.

Kennedy in the 1980s. She said in “The Birmingham protest her own office is a “newish” text- finally jolted President Kennedy book that describes Kennedy’s to action, and in one of the most legislative achievements as mod- dramatic moments of his presiest and as making “no headway” dency, in June 1963, Kennedy on civil rights, aid to education addressed the American people and medical health insurance. on TV and radio, announcing his “I think it’s fair to say that his support for a civil rights bill.” record on women’s rights is modest,” she said. “To say he made no Political struggles of a young headway in regards to black civil president rights legislatively is accurate.

Though his assassination precludAmerica has come a long ed what might have been a major way politically since the time legislative achievement.” of Kennedy’s election, Holyoke K e n n e d y ’ s P r e s i d e n t ’ s explained to the audience.

Commission on The Status of When Kennedy was elected, his Women, headed by Eleanor religion was a major topic of disRoosevelt, was his biggest wom- cussion but it was different than en’s right’s accomplishment, recent religious debates regardaccording to Roberts. ing presidential candidates. He Even then, however, Roberts referenced his grandmother, who said there was a damaging contra- he said hated Kennedy because he diction at the core of the commis- was Catholic. sion.

“She was certain that Kennedy “The commission was respon- was taking daily phone calls from sible for ‘developing recommen- the Vatican,” he said. dations for overcoming discrimiOnce in office, Holyoke said nation in government and private Kennedy’s administration was employment on the basis of sex, largely reactive rather than proacand for developing recommen- tive.

“H

Abbie Rowe/National Parks Service/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum/MCT

Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy escorts Jacqueline Kennedy past the Honor Guard at the grave of President John F. Kennedy, during the burial ceremony for the president at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va., on Nov. 25, 1963. Sen. Edward M. Kennedy follows behind.

He said one reason for this was He argued that the first three of the fact that he only barely beat these policies could be viewed as Richard Nixon in the election of failures.

1960.

The first was the Bay of Pigs “We have a young president invasion. The plan was to train coming in, who has barely won an Cuban refugees and equip them election. This is a president who with American weapons to invade is coming in with no mandate. He the island. can claim no broad public supThe hope was that it would galport.” vanize a revoAs a result, lution to over“Everything is throw comabout strategizmunist leader ing for that next Fidel Castro. here were no good options. election.”

The attempt, Eventually Kennedy opted H o l y o k e which was for what made a logical progresexplained that organized by issues like civil Dwight D. sion. Let’s start with a blockade.” rights drove a Eisenhower’s wedge between administra— Dr. Russell Mardon, northern and tion and exePolitical science professor c u t e d e a r l y s o u t h e r n Democrats, makin Kennedy’s ing Kennedy’s presidency, relationship with failed and was Congress contena black mark tious and a nearly on his record. impassable obstacle for passing The second was Kennedy’s legislation. expansion of aid to South Vietnam “Had Kennedy not died, could in its fight against the communist he have passed civil rights? My North Vietnamese forces. suspicion is probably not. Simply “Immediately after he comes because Kennedy had started his into office, he ordered an executime in office with very little clout, tive order through the National and by ’63 he really had no clout Security Council to expand milileft at all,” Holyoke said. tary assistance,” Mardon said.

“In the end, the Kennedy legacy “And by the time that Kennedy in domestic policy and dealing died, we had about 25,000 troops with Congress, there’s really not a in Vietnam. So things were buildlot there.” ing up.”

Kennedy believed in the “domKennedy’s controversial ino theory:” that if one country foreign policy fell to communism, so would its neighbors.

Although Kennedy only had a The third piece of foreign short time in office, Mardon talk- policy was Alliance for Progress, ed about four policies he initiated. designed to send aid to build up

“T

the infrastructure and military of allied South American countries to fend off communism.

“The thinking was, first we will give the governments of those countries military assistance to build up their militaries so that revolutionaries can’t overthrow them. They’ll have the power edge,” Mardon explained.

“We will give them economic assistance to help them build ports and better power plants and better railways, but the idea, of course, is to integrate them into a strategic alliance with the United States economically.”

However, he said that this led to a military buildup that outpaced industrial development, leading to well-trained armies that started to seize power in coups.

Mardon wrapped up the discussion with the tense political and military showdown between the Soviet Union and the U.S. during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

“There were no good options.

Eventually Kennedy opted for what made a logical progression.

Let’s start with a blockade,” he said.

Although Kennedy might have looked strong publicly, Mardon noted that a secret deal between Robert Kennedy and the Soviet Union’s ambassador was hatched.

In exchange for removing the missiles from Cuba, America removed its own missiles from Turkey and vowed not to invade Cuba.

COMMENT: The Collegian is a

for student expression.

C forum http://collegian.csufresno.edu

RACE: ‘It’s about who gets the goodies in society’ CONTINUED from page 3 race.

Except it wasn’t for the reason many would think.

Tehranian said the chair of the hiring committee called and told him that a group of eight faculty members voted against hiring because of his race.

“I start muttering something about discrimination against minorities and he goes, ‘No, John it has nothing to do with that,’” Tehranian recalled. “‘The eight faculty members who voted as a block against you categorically refused to have another white male on the faculty.’

“The only thing I said is, ‘I’m not white at the airport,’” Tehranian said.

In a supposedly colorblind America, Tehranian said the issue of race is still prevalent.

“What we understand as white is not grounded in any science,” Tehranian said.

“It’s a social construct. It’s about who gets the goodies in society.”

Until 1952, a person had to be white or black to become a naturalized citizen. As a result, people would appeal to the Supreme Court when rejected to argue that they were white.

He studied how Armenians and Arabs fared in tests of whiteness.

“The real test the courts were using didn’t use skin color,” he said. “It was about who acted correctly. Armenians did well.

They were Christian, they married other

Christian people and they were educated.”

He said that religion became connected to race. He referenced people’s surprise that the Boston Marathon bombers were white Muslims.

He said religion was used as a way to identify race was how people attacked President Barack Obama’s authenticity as an American during the 2008 and 2012 election.

“Drudge Report would put up pictures of him in what looked like Islamic garb when he was visiting Kenya,” Tehranian said.

“They would talk about his early childhood in an Indonesian Muslim school.

“The attacks were not overtly on blackness, they were attacks on Middle Eastern ‘Muslimness’. You have this connection of

Middle Eastern to Muslim.”

More recently, Tehranian said the fact that some people believe affirmative action is not only unnecessary, but racist, is counter to the argument the courts are making about race.

He said there have been decisions by lower courts supporting the policies of profiling people who look Mexican near the border, who look Middle Eastern in airports and are black for suspicion of a crime.

“At the same time we have the Supreme Court telling us we can’t discriminate on the basis of race and we have this bold new colorblind America,” Tehranian said.

“We have this very odd disparity in this discourse of what is permissible and what is not in ‘colorblindness.’

.

THE COLLEGIAN SPORTS

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013

PAGE 7

MOUNTAIN WEST IN REVIEW WEEK 12 SCOREBOARD

7 48

WYOMING BOISE STATE

28 21

SAN DIEGO STATE HAWAII

DOGS: New Mexico’s run attack will test ‘Dogs CONTINUED from page 8 Gongbay stepped in for an injured Carrier and ran for 98 yards. “[The Lobos] were very effective last week, they threw for 250 yards off play-action,” said Fresno State coach Tim DeRuyter.

“If your eyes aren’t disciplined enough, they will run by you.”

On Nov. 8 against Air Force, New Mexico finished with 451 rushing yards, averaging 6.9 yards per carry.

“Schematically, New Mexico presents a lot of challenges offensively,” DeRuyter said. “Being a triple-option team, it’s very different than the offense we have faced the last few weeks.”

Offensively, the team that most resembles New Mexico

that Fresno State faced was the Nevada Wolf Pack and its pistol offense. Nevada quarterback Cody Fajardo led the team with 98 rushing yards while completing 14 of 24 passes for 206 yards.

Defensively, the Bulldogs had three sacks in the contest.

Despite the lack of familiarity with New Mexico’s offensive style, DeRuyter is confident that the bye week has the Bulldogs ready for the run attack.

“It’s difficult, but luckily we had two weeks to prepare for [New Mexico’s offense],” he said. “Hopefully we’ll execute on Saturday.”

COMMENT: The Collegian is a

for student expression.

C forum http://collegian.csufresno.edu

PUBLIC LIVE AUCTION THIS SATURDAY STARTS AT 10:30 a. m.

Toys FEATURED Appliances ITEMS Office: 559- 439-9777 Furniture 11040 Highway 41 Madera, CA 93636 Electronics

Looking for ways to help during the holidays?

Helping Hams

Help raise money from November 19 - December 18 to provide holiday hams to benefit families around the Fresno State community.

Donations accepted at the Gibson Farm Market!

Caroling For Cans

sno

associated students inc.

fre

Toys for Tots Marathon

sta te

Join ASI on December 12th as we carol around campus collecting cans for the Bulldog Pantry.

We’re helping the Marines on Saturday, December 7th from 2-5 p.m. at the Riverpark Shopping Center on El Paso.

Activities include sorting, counting and boxing toys for needy families.

Get Involved! 278-2656 or visit ASI in USU 316

COLORADO STATE

NEW MEXICO

SAN JOSE STATE

NEVADA

66 42 16 38

STANDINGS MOUNTAIN

FOOTBALL

WEST

BOISE STATE (5-1)

FRESNO STATE (6-0)

UTAH STATE (5-1)

SAN DIEGO STATE (5-1)

COLORADO STATE (4-2)

SAN JOSE STATE (4-3)

WYOMING (2-4)

UNLV (3-3)

NEW MEXICO (1-5)

NEVADA (3-5)

AIR FORCE (0-6)

HAWAII (0-7)

VOLLEYBALL COLORADO STATE (16-0)

MEN’S BASKETBALL (OVERALL) UTAH STATE (3-0)

FRESNO STATE (11-5)

BOISE STATE (2-0)

UTAH STATE (11-5)

NEW MEXICO (2-0)

NEW MEXICO (10-6)

WYOMING (3-1)

UNLV (10-6)

COLORADO STATE (2-1)

SAN DIEGO STATE (8-8)

FRESNO STATE (2-1)

WYOMING (7-9)

UNLV (2-1)

SAN JOSE STATE (4-3)

AIR FORCE (2-2)

BOISE STATE (6-11)

NEVADA (2-2)

AIR FORCE (3-12)

SAN DIEGO STATE (1-1)

NEVADA (1-15)

SAN JOSE STATE (0-4)

SPORTS

PAGE 8

COLLEGIAN.CSUFRESNO.EDU

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2013

FRESNO STATE MEN’S BASKETBALL

’Dogs focus on defense against Cal Poly

By Christopher Livingston The Collegian

When the Cal Poly Mustangs come to the Save Mart Center tonight, Fresno State men’s basketball coach Rodney Terry expects his team to be physical and maintain its control of the basketball.

That’s because the Bulldogs understand an experienced Mustang squad will be on the court.

“Cal Poly is an older team that knows what it’s looking for offensively,” Terry said, “and it will run when given that opportunity. We have to get back, get our defense set and do a great job at trying to guard these guys.”

In order to do so, transition defense is

something Terry stresses each and every practice.

“Teams really struggle the first part of the year in transition defense, so that will be a work in progress,” Terry said. “We’ve made some progress with that part of the game, and that is predicated by shot selection and having a flow offensively.”

Seniors Allen Huddleston and Tyler Johnson have served as leaders for the Bulldogs heading into the 2013-14 season.

Freshman Paul Watson has the most average points per game (ppg) on the team (16.3) and is tied for second in steals (4).

Sophomore Marvelle Harris is second with 15.7 ppg. “[The seniors] started the leadership back in the spring,” Terry said. “They have logged a lot of minutes over the two years that I’ve been here. Those guys know exactly what’s expected of our team in terms of how we carry ourselves on and off the court.”

FRESNO STATE MEN’S BASKETBALL

(0-2)

(2-1)

Tonight, 7 p.m.

Save Mart Center Radio: 940 AM ESPN

Scouting the Mustangs T h e Mustangs are winless coming into Fresno,

Roe Borunda / The Collegian

Fresno State men’s basketball coach Rodney Terry chats with officials about a play during Fresno State’s victory over Cal State Northridge on Saturday night.

but they won the last matchup against the Bulldogs (65-46 on Dec. 17, 2011). Fresno State holds the all-time record against Cal Poly (45-18), including 20-3 at the Save Mart Center.

Joe Callero is in his fifth season as the Cal Poly head coach. During the 2012-13 season, the Mustangs set program records in conference victories (12), win percentage (.667), and they played in their first postseason game in 27 years.

Three seniors lead the veteran squad.

Forward Chris Eversley is coming off his 36th career double-digit scoring game with

19 points against Nevada on Nov. 12. The 6-feet-7, 225-pounder is second in the Big West Conference with 18 ppg and fifth with nine rebounds.

Guard Kyle Odister is ninth in the Big West in three-point shooting (41.7 percent) and averages 16 ppg this season. Jamal Johnson has provided the assistance for the Mustangs and leads the Big West with five assists per game.

The game will begin at 7 p.m., and then on Saturday, Fresno State will visit the University of the Pacific.

FRESNO STATE NOTEBOOK

’Dogs prepare for Lobos’ quick option attack BCS No. 15 Fresno State hosts Lobos on Senior Day

By Christopher Livingston The Collegian

Roe Borunda / The Collegian

Fresno State’s defensive line hits the field during the Bulldogs’ 41-23 victory over Nevada. The Bulldogs will face Cole Gautsche, Kasey Carrier and the New Mexico Lobos on Saturday at Bulldog Stadium.

The New Mexico Lobos (3-7, 1-5 Mountain West Conference) will visit Bulldog Stadium on Saturday to test the No. 15 Fresno State (9-0, 6-0 MWC) football team’s defense.

Despite being second in the nation in rushing, the Lobos are in the bottom of the conference standings, with only one win against Mountain West opponents. However, their recent play does not resem-

ble a team with a losing record.

With the triple-option offense, New Mexico quarterback Cole Gautsche has used his legs more than his arms. While throwing for 639 yards this season, Gautsche has rushed for 777 yards, the second highest total on the team.

The Lobos’ rushing leader, senior running back Kasey Carrier, has 1,122 yards.

On Nov. 16 against Colorado State, the Lobos had 278 rushing yards. Gautsche had 63 of those yards. Backup rusher Crusoe See DOGS, Page 7

Bulldogs boast national attention on offense

By Ricardo Cano The Collegian

It’s no secret.

Fresno State’s top performers are attracting many national accolades as a result of a surge in offensive production and returning veterans on a defense that forced 35 turnovers last season.

Quarterback Derek Carr and wide receiver Davante Adams headline the Bulldogs – who, at No. 15 in the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) standings, remain the nation’s top-ranked non-automatic qualifying team – in the potential national accolades that they might rake in at the end of the regular

season.

Carr, who has thrown for 3,421 yards and 32 touchdowns, was named one of five finalists for the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award, which is awarded annually to the nation’s top quarterback, on Tuesday.

On Monday, Adams was named one of 10 national semifinalists for the Biletnikoff Award , which recognizes the country’s top wide receiver. This season, he has 91 carries for 967 yards and 15 touchdowns.

“It’s humbling,” Adams said.

“It’s a great honor to be mentioned as one of the top guys in the nation, but you can never look at those things as individual awards. It’s obviously a team award because I couldn’t make any of the plays

that I’m making out there without the guys in the trenches, without my quarterback, the coaches who have the belief in me to go out there and make plays. It’s way bigger than me.”

In total, eight Bulldogs are on watch lists for a combined 23 awards.

A Heisman Trophy campaign was launched for Carr after Fresno State’s 41-40 win against Boise State on Sept. 20.

The last Bulldog quarterback to earn a national award was Carr’s older brother David, who won the Golden Arm Award in 2001.

Fresno State has had success earning the country’s attention under head coach Tim DeRuyter.

Last season, former strong safety Phillip Thomas (now playing professionally for the Washington Redskins) was named one of three finalists for the Jim Thorpe Award, which recognizes the country’s top defensive back. Thomas was the school’s first unanimous All-American.

Fresno State hosts New Mexico (3-6, 1-5 Mountain West) Saturday at Bulldog Stadium on Senior Day at 1 p.m.

A win for the Bulldogs would clinch them a spot in the Mountain West’s inaugural conference championship on Dec. 7, which will be hosted at the home site of the divisional champion with the highest BCS ranking.