October 11, 2022

Rampant inflation takes a bigger bite out of food, gas budgets

By Noah Chavez & Ramon Castaños Reporters

In regards to infation rates increasing throughout California and the Central Valley, the news team at The Collegian talked with students on their experience with increased prices on various subjects.

The struggles of commuting with record gas prices

As early as August many drivers saw the decline in prices, with some of the lowest in the Central Valley since the start of the RussiaUkraine War. Eventually, California saw a major spike exceeding previous records.

The Los Angeles Times has reported that “California is facing surging oil prices in the wake of shutdowns at several oil refneries that produce a specifc grade of fuel for the state.”

In Fresno County, the current average gas price peaked at $6.20 per gallon, according to AAA.com. Since last year, the county has seen nearly a $2 increase compared to the $4.35 average price in 2021.

Many Fresno State students feel the impact this has had on their wallets, especially with those who commute to the university.

Consuelo Ruiz, a Fresno State student, currently lives in Riverdale and commutes 33 miles to the university campus, as well as to her job located in Fresno.

Ruiz said she refuels her car two times a week, and with the increasing price of gas has to watch her spending to make it by.

“I know if I spend too much then I won’t be able to fll up my tank therefore meaning me not being able to go to school or work,” Ruiz stated.

Spending in excess of $700 a month on only half tank fll-ups, the thought of spending over $100 on one single full tank of gas is an unsettling thought that many like Ruiz have to face.

Other students that commute to and from school are now having to make use of alternative forms of transportation.

Fresno State Student Haylee Ortega said that she regularly uses her siblings to commute to and from campus as a way to save

money at the pump.

“I just don’t want to buy anything because of how expensive everything is at the moment. I feel like it’s going to get worse and it makes me think, ‘Is my paycheck going to be enough,” Ortega said.

Fresno State students are able to use some of the Fresno and Clovis transit systems for free, along with the Visalia V-Line to help commuters near the Visalia area.

Former services like the Bulldog Express have yet to become operational since the school reopening. Other transportation options for commuters such as the V-Line transit services, Fresno FAX buses and Clovis transit services are available for free for students through their Bulldog ID.

Food inflation leading to food insecurity

This past year has seen the largest annual spike in food prices since 1979, according to CNN Business. Since September 2022, the cost of food has risen 11.4%.

One reason is because food supplies can’t meet the demand due to COVID-19 and China closing its trade routes due to lockdown, according to Forbes. This has led to increased prices and higher rates of food insecurity.

Fresno State students shared their

experiences with food insecurity due to rising prices and expressed concerns about where to buy their food.

According to a 2018 report from Basics Needs Initiative, a research project funded by the California State University (CSU) Ofce of the Chancellor, 41% of CSU students said they face food insecurity.

Food insecurity is defned as a householdlevel economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food, according to the United States Department of Agriculture.

The rate of food insecurity for women, at 42.6%, was slightly higher than the rate for men at 39.3%, the report revealed.

It also said that 49% of frst-generation college students face higher rates of food insecurity than non-frst-generation college students within the CSU system. In addition, 43.2% of transfer students face food insecurity.

In terms of race and ethnicity, the highest food insecurity is 65.9% for Black students and second for non-white Hispanics at 62.7%.

Last fall semester, Hispanics and Latinos made up over half of the student population for Fresno State, according to the Ofce of Institutional Efectiveness.

Some students use the Student Cupboard, which ofers free food to Fresno State students every day, for convenient on-campus meals.

Others use it as an alternative to grocery stores.

Jared Carpenter is a Fresno State student who recently transferred from Fresno City College.

The cupboard has helped Carpenter focus on his studies rather than whether or not he has something to eat at school or at home.

“This really helps me because I have pasta and macaroni, and [now] I have dinner sorted out tonight,” Carpenter said.

He pitches in money for food for his family. He gives his parents $250, which is also needed for rent, but a majority of it goes to food, Carpenter said.

“It’s basically money for whatever my parents need to use. They can use that, but a lot of it does go toward food… That’s like two grocery trips. That’s a lot,” he said.

Another source students can use is CalFresh, a program that helps low-income individuals buy food and create nutritional meal plans. It’s a help in times of high infation.

Logan Mouawangyee, a Fresno State student and worker at the Student Cupboard, said he recently explained CalFresh qualifcations to students entering the facility, including how eligibility is determined by the number of hours per week an individual works, their monthly income and their household size.

International students can’t qualify for CalFresh, however. That’s a problem for students like Stephine Sharon, who is majoring in biotechnology.

“It’s really hard to get a part-time job on campus, so I use pocket money from my parents to help me pay for some food and needs,” Sharon said.

International students also aren’t allowed to work outside of school, which makes it particularly hard to buy food in times of high infation.

Sharon said the Student Cupboard is helping her with food items she can’t aford, like milk, which is ofered for free.

According to CNN Business, the price of milk increased 17% this year.

Other common grocery items, like bread, eggs and four, are also more expensive, as well as meat and poultry. Chicken prices jumped 16.6%, while meat rose 6.7%. Fruits and vegetables together are up 9.4%.

As of October, California residents are paying an average of over $6 per gallon. Wyatt Bible — The Collegian

Student fees increase next spring following the opening of RSU

By Jannah Geraldo Editor-in-Chief

In 2018, 67% of Fresno State students voted to approve the construction of the Resnick Student Union (RSU) along with a student fee increase to cover facility costs.

These students were told that student fees would not go into efect until the building’s opening.

Five years later, Fresno State students will see the fee increase this spring, most of whom were not at the university when the fee referendum was frst approved.

In total, students will pay $384 in student union fees in the spring. This includes a prorated amount of $114 for a fall 2022 RSU fee, the $149 spring RSU fee and the $121 student union fee.

“What we’re going to see happening now is that students are going to be charged a fee that they themselves had no say in implementing in the frst place… In other words, the students who are going to have to pay now had no voice in deciding,” said Thomas Holyoke, Fresno State political science professor.

An RSU fee of $149 per semester with an annual 3% increase will be added to the 202223 student union fee of $121 per semester.

This increase will be permanent, according to Debbie Adishian-Astone, vice president for administration and chief fnancial ofcer.

After the 30-year construction bond is paid of, fees will continue to be assessed in full. With the annual 3% increase applied to the RSU fee, by the 2051-52 academic year, student fees for the RSU will have reached $702.26.

Karen Carrillo, Associated Students Inc. (ASI) executive vice president, said she has noticed frustration from students, particularly from freshmen and sophomores who are new to the campus, regarding upcoming fee increases.

Carrillo said she empathizes with student frustrations, but noted that it is important for students to take advantage of the resources that will be available with the increased student fees.

“Nobody wants to pay more money than they have to. I understand that, which is why I always encourage all students to always be involved in the best way that you can be,” she said.

Student fee breakdown

Following the ofcial opening of the RSU, the prorated fall 2022 fee will be included in the spring semester for a one-time addition.

For the 2023-24 academic year, the prorated fee will no longer be included. RSU fees will be approximately $153.47 per semester in addition to the preexisting student union fee of $121 per semester. In total, it will be $274.49 per semester in 2023-24.

In 2024-25, with the 3% annual infation increase, the RSU fee will increase to $158.07 per semester. In 2025-26, it will increase to approximately $162.81 per semester. This 3% annual infation increase will continue indefnitely.

For the 2021-2022 year, Fresno State had one of the lowest student union fees, at $120 per semester.

One of the highest student union fees within

Ballot language

According to the ballot’s original language, the RSU fee will “fund and support new building services, additional stafng, building operations, additional programming, capital repairs and debt service for the new union.”

The 3% annual increase will “cover rising costs of maintaining and operating the facility.”

Holyoke, who was a member of the Student Fee Advisory Committee during the time of the fee referendum’s approval and the previous chair of the Academic Senate, said he was not a fan of the fee increase when it was being proposed and did “complain about the fees” at the time.

“I had some involvement with some of this stuf… But back then, President [Joseph] Castro wanted more than anything to build a new building, because that’s what university presidents like to do. They like to build big, new, shiny things,” he said.

In the original student union ballot language, the proposal for a new student union came about because the University Student Union (USU), which opened in 1968, was “inadequate for a campus of [Fresno State’s] size” and did not meet the needs of the campus, based on a 2015 external consultation study by the Association of College Unions International (ACUI).

“Maybe that’s true, but why should the students pay for it? Raise the money, or get the

state of California to pay for it… I guess they raised the $10 million from the Resnicks, but still, students have to shoulder a large portion of this cost, and I think it’s a little unfair,” Holyoke said.

Rebecca Perez, ASI vice president of external afairs (VPEX), said she has gone back-and-forth on discussions surrounding the fee increase.

As a student, she said she understands the frustration regarding former students voting on a future increase, but also noted that her role in ASI gave her a glimpse of how the student fees will impact the campus.

“I see so much more of how a campus works and how universities work. I really – especially now that I’m here so often in this ofce or in this building – think it’s a really nice building,” Perez said.

In the spring, Perez said she stopped by the USU and realized there should be more spaces for students.

“I walked in there even to get Juice It Up and I’m like, ‘We have outgrown this space. We don’t ft here,’” she said. “There needs to be another space for students to be able to congregate and more spaces available to us.”

Front Cover — Graphic by Wyatt Bible

the California State University (CSU) system for 2021-22 was at Sonoma State University at $446 per semester.

Left: Gas station sign shows prices of gas per gallon. (Wyatt Bible/The Collegian)

Right: A photo of the Resnick Student Union (Eric Martinez/The Collegian)

The north entrance of the Resnick Student Union (RSU). Fresno State students will pay $384 in student union fees in the spring. Eric Martinez — The Collegian

Campus brings awareness to domestic violence

By Ashley Flowers Managing Editor

What is Domestic Violence Awareness Month?

Domestic Violence Awareness Month (DVAM) began as a national “Day of Unity” conceived by the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence in October 1981.

In 1989, Congress passed Public Law 101-112 to designate that October as National Domestic Violence Awareness Month.

This legislation has been passed every year since and was reafrmed by President Joe Biden on Sept. 30.

The frst Monday of DVAM is celebrated as the “Day of Unity.”

What resources are there for students experiencing domestic violence?

Fresno State plans to hire another survivor advocate, with a total of two on campus.

Fresno State’s current survivor advocate, Mindy Kates, is available to assist students with crisis intervention, confdential advocacy services, resource referrals and assistance with housing, academics and work assignments if reasonable.

Students can contact Kates by calling her ofce number, (559) 278-6796, or emailing

her at mkates@csufresno.edu.

The Student Health and Counseling Center (SHCC) ofers physical exams, sexual transmitted infections (STI) testing and treatment, pregnancy prevention and testing and resource referrals for students.

The SHCC is opened Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 4:45 p.m., except on Wednesdays when it is open from 9 a.m. to 4:45 p.m.

The Fresno State Police Department ofers transportation to a hospital for a rape kit exam, resource referrals and anonymous reporting.

The campus police can be reached at (559) 278-8400 for emergencies or safety escorts.

Who’s the Title IX Coordinator?

The coordinator assists students with a

review of applicable university procedures if the decision is made to report an assault to Fresno State, and can otherwise assist with resource referrals, no contact orders and housing, academic or work accommodations.

Students can contact Jamie Pontius-Hogan, the current director of Title IX and clery compliance, through phonecall, (559) 2785857, or email, jphogan@csufresno.edu.

The Title IX Ofces will soon be moved to the upper levels of the University Student Union later this fall.

What is the Cross-Cultural and Gender Center (CCGC)?

The CCGC ofers peer support for students as well as resource referrals and other support services.

Its main ofces is located in the Thomas

Administration Building, Room 110A. The center can be contacted at (559) 278-4435 or ccgcevents@mail.fresnostate.edu.

What DVAM events can you attend on campus?

In “Healing Through Journaling,” student attendees will receive a free journal to decorate and snacks while they learn how to use journaling in their lives. The even will be held at Thomas 110 on Tuesday, Oct. 11, from 3-4:30 p.m.

On Thursday, Oct. 20, “Take Back the Night” is an annual event which includes a resource fair, speakers, a march around campus and a speak out. This year’s theme is lifting up LGBTQ+ voices. The event will be outside the University Student Union (USU) on the lower level.

“Wear Purple Day” is on the same day, where students are encouraged to wear purple to support domestic violence survivors and raise awareness by posting on social media with the tags #PurpleThursday and #DVAM2022.

On Friday, Oct. 28, “How to Help Presentation” will have students learn how to support an individual who discloses sexual trauma and/or interpersonal violence.

The event will be held via Zoom from 3-4 p.m.

RSU hosts ribbon-cutting ceremony

By Ashley Flowers Managing Editor

Fresno State celebrated the opening of the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Student Union (RSU) with a ribbon-cutting ceremony on Oct. 4 that highlighted the students involved and the Resnicks’ donation.

The event attracted students, staf, faculty, alumni and community leaders, including council members Tyler Maxwell and Nelson Esparza, Rep. Jim Costa and Assemblyman Joaquin Arambula, before opening the building to the public at the north entrance of the building.

Fresno State student Nancy Campos Ledezma, who serves as chair of the Student Union Board of Directors, opened with the land acknowledgment that the RSU is built on the traditional homelands of the Yokuts and Mono peoples and recalled the history behind the RSU’s construction.

“In 2018, thousands of students came

together to leave their legacy at Fresno State. From the beginning, this building has been a student-led efort,” Ledezma said.

Following Ledezma, fellow student Francisco Licea represented Lynda and Stewart Resnick, whom the building is named after, as one of the Wonderful Scholars.

As the son of a father who works for the Resnicks’ corporation, The Wonderful Company, Licea was able to join the Wonderful Education Program in the ninth grade to receive tutoring and coaching.

Upon realizing his dream to be an aerospace engineer, the Wonderful staf helped Licea with his college application and recommended Fresno State’s mechanical engineering program.

“I started here in the fall of 2018 and I couldn’t have been happier with my decision. Support from Wonderful Education didn’t stop when I got to college. [It] ofered me and over 900 Wonderful scholars across the country a scholarship throughout college,” he

said.

Associated Students Inc. (ASI) President Caroline Alvarez and Fresno State President Saúl Jiménez-Sandoval thanked student leaders and community sponsors who assisted with the building’s construction during their remarks, with Jiménez-Sandoval acknowledging the struggles that delayed its opening.

“The [RSU] is a testament to the ingenuity and tireless eforts of our construction and facilities team, our architecture frm as well as our many partners who battled supply chain challenges and a global pandemic,” JiménezSandoval said.

David Bautista, a fourth-year transfer student, visited the facility during that time and later attended the ribbon-cutting event. He praised the inclusivity of Tuesday’s event.

“Of course, you know, you have Lynda and Stewart on the building, but, as a student, I didn’t know there were other organizations that kind of added to the whole construction

of it,” Bautista said.

In 2018, two-thirds of students who voted approved a fee referendum of $149 per semester to support the construction of the RSU. As a recent transfer student, Bautista did not vote but believes the increase is worth it.

“I feel like fnding a good place to study or just hang out and escape the heat is pretty hard. It’s another building to relax [in and] get out of the heat,” he said.

Fresno State community members gather for the ribbon cutting cere mony on Oct. 4. Alexa Barraza — The Collegian

The Student Health and Counseling Center. Eric Martinez— The Collegian

Absentee ballots being mailed out with Fresno State-related Measure E included

By Ashley Flowers Managing Editor

Absentee ballots for the upcoming Nov. 8 election are being mailed out now, and this season a Fresno State-related measure is included.

Next month, Fresno County voters will be deciding on Measure E, a proposed 0.2% county-wide sales tax that would raise funds over a 20-year period to help improve the university.

It’s estimated to bring $36 million to the school each year, of which two-thirds must be spent on academics and no more than onethird, or $12 million, can be used to support Fresno State Athletics.

The Fresno State Improvement Zone

Committee is leading the campaign in favor of Measure E, having gathered over 25,000 petition signatures within a six week period to get the measure included on the ballot, reported The Fresno Bee.

The measure was brought before the Fresno County Board of Supervisors in August, who agreed unanimously to send the measure to voters in November. As a citizen’s initiative, the proposed measure only needs a simple majority of yes votes next month to pass.

Richard Spencer, who owns Harris Construction, leads the Fresno State Improvement Zone Committee, which also includes leaders from other local construction companies. Educational leaders in Fresno County such as Marc Johnson, the former superintendent of Sanger Unifed School

District, are part of the committee as well.

“I’ve been supporting this efort since the frst week of April, maybe the second, because I understand the need. I love Fresno State,” Johnson told The Collegian.

Johnson and other proponents of Measure E said that the funds developed from the tax raise will contribute to repairing and renovating older buildings, providing scholarships and expanding programs.

Opponents of the measure cited issues with using taxpayer dollars to fund a state university that many Fresno County residents may never even attend.

The Libertarian Party of Fresno and others fled an argument against the measure on Aug. 22 that alleged corruption from public ofcials behind the measure

In November, the measure will be competing with other potential tax increases such as the renewal of Measure C, a half-cent sales tax aimed at improving transportation in Fresno County, and Measure M, a proposed 0.125% sales tax, or one-eighth of a percent, to improve services and facilities for veterans.

Vote-by-mail, or absentee, ballots started to be distributed on Monday, Oct. 10 and will continue to be mailed out through Nov. 1. Election day will be held on Tuesday, Nov. 18.

The next issue of The Collegian, which will be published on Oct. 18, will feature multiple articles detailing opposing perspectives on Measure E as well as sharing information about other measures and propositions on the ballot, how to register to vote and where Fresno State students can vote.

Fourth Paws-N-Go location opens in new student union

By Maxwell Gallegos Reporter

Fresno State’s Resnick Student Union (RSU) now hosts the university’s fourth PawsN-Go location.

At Paws-N-Go’s around campus students can purchase a variety of snacks, including treats, frozen food, a grab-and-go sandwich or other convenient foods for students. Each location is unique and ofers diferent snacks.

There currently are Paws-n-Go Market locations at the North Gym Building, the Snack Bar at the Satellite Student Union (SSU) and the Café at the Peters Business Kremen Education building.

The newest location is the Paws-N-Go Café on the north side of the RSU, which ofers snacks and has its own cofee machine that allows students to customize their drink, ofering an alternative to other on-campus options like Starbucks.

The cofee machine ofers new syrups including peppermint, pumpkin spice, white chocolate, classic hazelnut, classic caramel, french vanilla and sugar-free. As of right now, it is the only available dining option in the RSU.

Employees said that some of the most popular snacks available now are the protein bars and the Snak Club treats like trail mix, dried fruit and candy.

With the latest Paws-N-Go being in such close proximity to busy students, it is a convenient place to get a snack or beverage before continuing with their day.

The latest location will be open Mondays through Fridays from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.. Each Paws-N-Go location has diferent hours that

can be referenced at Fresno State’s dining options section of the website.

Since the RSU’s soft opening on Sept. 22, the space has become a new and easy place for students to study, work and relax.

“I have been coming to the RSU because it is new. Instead of going to the old student

union or library, I like coming here. On top of that, the architecture is amazing,” said Fresno State senior Izaiah Cazaras.

In the future the RSU will feature not only the existing Paws-N-Go, but also a Habit Burger and Grill; a healthy soup and salad option; and an expanded Taco Bell.

The fourth Fresno State Paws-N-Go is located in the north side of the Resnick Student Union on the first floor. Manuel Hernandez — The Collegian

Community commemorates Kapoor during 33rd annual Gandhi celebration

By Diego Vargas A&E Editor

Fresno State hosted the annual celebration of Mahatma Gandhi’s 153rd birthday while also honoring the work of Sudarshan Kapoor on Oct. 4 at the Fresno State Peace Garden.

The celebration, which served to spread the message of “Stop the Hate, Stop the Gun Violence, Build a Culture of Peace,” commemorated Kapoor’s eforts in spreading peace and anti-violence rhetoric.

He was the founder and frst director of the Peace and Confict Studies Program and also served on Fresno’s Human Relations Commission for 12 years.

Kapoor is currently a philosophy professor at Fresno State and founded the Peace Gardens project to fund the Peace Garden where the event was held.

The event featured speeches from guests such as Fresno State President Saúl JiménezSandoval and Fresno Mayor Jerry Dyer.

The speakers emphasized the importance of building a culture and community of peace in Fresno.

“Our students and faculty come from all backgrounds and corners of the world, and it’s especially important that we promote Gandhi’s legacy of nonviolence,” JiménezSandoval said.

“Indeed, Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals of social concern and care for human dignity are more relevant today than ever.”

Dyer reiterated the necessity of a united community.

“We have a vision today of being an inclusive, prosperous, beautiful city where people take pride in their neighborhood and their community,” Dyer said. “[We need] the message of nonviolence, peace, oneness and unity.”

Dyer announced that Oct. 4 would be recognized as Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Day in Fresno, presenting Kapoor with a plaque of the city’s proclamation to recognize the professor’s service to the community.

Kapoor was also awarded the Community Service Excellence Award by the Central California Society of India (CCSI).

Deepika Shiroy, the current president of the CCSI, presented Kapoor with the award and commending his devoted work in Fresno.

“Community work sometimes can be [a]

disheartening, back-breaking afair,” Shiroy said.

“Every community needs a pioneer that inspires us to continue the good work day in and day out.”

During the event, Kapoor spoke about the hardships he experienced in his life.

Having moved from India across the continent and then across the world to the U.S., he came to the San Joaquin Valley in 1967.

“[My family and I] love Fresno. We have raised our children here,” Kapoor said.

“I belong to Fresno State, and Fresno State belongs to me. That’s the kind of relationship I have with this university.”

Songs and dances were performed during the celebration, including a performance by Fresno Unifed School District students of “Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram,” a prayer song popularized by Ghandi.

The event also featured a performance by the Raging Grannies, an activist group composed of older women who sing songs promoting social justice and peace.

The celebration was part of a larger event known as “The Highway to Healing:

Join campus in ‘Celebrating the Bulldog Legacy’

By Ashley Flowers Managing Editor

Fresno State is celebrating more than just homecoming this October.

This year, the campus will embrace its 2022 theme “Celebrating the Bulldog Legacy” with a special visit from former Bulldog and current Las Vegas Raiders wide receiver Davante Adams to retire his No. 15 jersey.

The events will kick of on Monday, Oct. 10 and conclude with Fresno State’s homecoming football game against San Jose State on Saturday, Oct. 15 at 7:45 p.m.

Tuesday, Oct. 11:

· “Red Wave Craft Corner” at the lawn in front of the Kennel Bookstore from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Students can create their own airbrush pennants, decorate a spirit paw and stuf their own plush Bulldog

· “Tie Dye & Good Vibes” at Student

Housing from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. Students can tie-dye white t-shirts and bandanas to wear for the Homecoming game

Wednesday, Oct. 12:

· “Bulldog Recharge” at the lawn in front of the Kennel Bookstore from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. The event will feature music, relaxing activities and giveaways for students

· “Bulldog Cinema” at Valley Children’s Stadium with food from 5 to 7 p.m. and a movie from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.“Thor: Love and Thunder” will be shown on the feld of Valley Children’s Stadium with relaxed parking available in Blue and Red lots.

Thursday, Oct. 13:

· “Kicking it at the Resnick” at the Resnick Student Union (RSU) from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Students can visit the RSU for live music, activities and giveaways

· Live Band Karaoke at the RSU event plaza from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. Featuring mocktails, caricatures, body art, animal balloons and Live Band Karaoke

Friday, Oct. 15:

· “Red Friday” at the Leon S. Peters Outdoor Event Plaza from 9 to 10 a.m. “Red Friday” will feature a performance from the Fresno State Marching Band, cheer, music, games and prizes for faculty and staf, leading up to the announcement of the winner of the faculty/staf door decorating contest

· “Disco with the ‘Dogs” at the RSU in the Ruiz Ballrooms from 7 to 10 p.m. The event will feature a silent headphone disco for students

· Students can follow Fresno State Homecoming for more information on Twitter and Instagram under the handle @FSHomecoming.

Understanding the Ocean of Oneness.”

The two-day program featured talks about Gandhian principles and Jain/Hindu Dharma

traditions, discussing how they can help people fnd peace during times of disorder and turbulance.

Officials from Fresno State and the city of Fresno celebrate Gandhi’s 153rd birthday. Diego Vargas — The Collegian

Tree planting begins to beautify campus

By Diego Vargas A&E Editor

Students participated in a tree planting event to celebrate “Clean Air Day” on Oct. 5 thanks to a partnership between Fresno State and Tree Fresno.

Attendees planted approximately 65 crepe myrtle trees on Chestnut Avenue in the frst of several phases Fresno State and Tree Fresno have planned to beautify the campus. Organizers hope that these events and the trees planted will promote cleaner air and a greener campus.

“We’re going to continue [planting trees] down Chestnut towards Bullard,” said Mona Cummings, CEO of Tree Fresno.

“[Eventually,] there will be a fnal planting, and we’re excited to be working with the city of Fresno on a potential planting on Willow [Street].”

Cummings was present at the event to help over 140 volunteers checkin and hand out tools and refective vests.

Also present was Mike Mosinski, the senior special projects manager for Facilities Management at Fresno State.

“The next phase would then go from the midway point up to Bullard Avenue and plant another 60 or so trees there, and then on Willow Avenue to the east of us,” Mosinski said.”

Mosinski explained that while carbon capture and beautifcation were important factors that were considered, the amount of shade that they would provide to pedestrians and drivers was also important.

“We haven’t chosen the species of tree

[yet], but it would defnitely be like a larger type of tree that has better carbon capture and a larger canopy,” Mosinski said. “That’s in the planning stages. Primarily, that row of trees would be positioned on the trail [by Willow Avenue] where anybody using that trail would have shade the whole distance of the trail, at least from Barstow to Escalon.”

Earlier this year, work being done on the Central Utility Plant Replacement (CUPR) project led to at least 260 trees being impacted by the construction.

Mosinski explained that the trees that were removed by the construction will be replaced and said there are also plans to bring new species of trees to the campus.

“Part of the contract agreement requires that any trees that are removed would be replaced on campus at a two to one ratio,” Mosinski said. “We may plant a tree that grows better in the eastern U.S., Canada or Asia, so we try to fnd a microclimate that the tree could survive in. The minimum we want is 100 specifc varieties of trees.”

Plans for the replacement of trees afected by the construction are not expected to start until a year from now, according to estimates from Mosinski.

Plans could be delayed further depending on the status of the Central Utility Plant Replacement project construction.

Natalie Hedden, a senior majoring in natural science biology, talked about some of the concerns she and other students have

regarding the removal of trees due to the CUPR construction.

“The main goal is to just get sustainability integrated into campus as much as we can,” Hedden said. “I’ve seen plans regarding replacing the trees with more eco-friendly landscaping, which could afect our water usage.”

In total, around 205 trees are slated to be planted within the next year and a half.

Students interested in participating in future tree planting events can learn more about volunteering opportunities through Tree Fresno’s website.

— Natalie Hedden, Fresno State junior

The event is a partnership between Fresno State and Tree Fresno as part of a multiple-phase plan to beautify the cam pus with more trees. The plan seeks to also improve the air quality of the campus. Diego Vargas — The Collegian

Students plant trees down Chestnut Avenue to create shade and to improve the carbon capture of the campus. Diego Vargas — The Collegian

“

The main goal is to just get sustainability interated into campus as much as we can.

‘Queering Mariachi’ introduces frst all LGBTQ+mariachi group, Mariachi Arcoiris De Los Ángeles

By Estela Anahi Jaramillo Sports Editor

The Cross-Cultural and Gender Center (CCGC) continued its celebration for Hispanic Heritage Month with a virtual interview session featuring two members of the frst allLGBTQ+ mariachi group, Mariachi Arcoiris De Los Ángeles.

Fresno State students, community members and local high school Gay Straight Alliance (GSA) clubs listened to the origin story of the group through the accounts of Carlos Samaniego, the creator of Mariachi Arcoiris, and Natalia Melendez, the frst ever transexual mariachi musician.

Samaniego shared how the mariachi group was created and its two beginnings.

He said he felt a “personal need” to create the group during his time as an undergraduate student at California State University, Los Angeles, in the early 2000s. During this time, Samaniego had just come to terms with his

sexuality and wanted to surround himself with a positive support system.

Samaniego searched for something to be a part of on campus and found the Gay and Lesbian Alliance (GLA) club, which set up the opportunity for him to create the mariachi group.

The GLA hosted a yearly pride event for Cal State LA where students could volunteer to participate in a mock wedding to protest the law against same-sex marrige at the time. At this event, Samaniego came up with the idea for the frst ever all-LGBTQ+ mariachi group.

“For more than personal reasons of needing to have this group, I felt that I couldn’t be the only one going through this. There have to be other musicians that need this space as well,” Samaniego said.

Both Samaniego and Melendez were part of the original group. They performed for a couple of months until the group “fzzled out.”

Samaniego continued on his career as a mariachi musician, performing in groups from the West Coast to the East Coast. Through these groups, he encountered discrimination and homophobia. In 2013, he decided to bring Mariachi Arcoiris back to life as a safe space for other LGBTQ+ musicians.

“We rehearsed and we tried to make something out of nothing, and it was great,” Melendez said.

Samaniego and Melendez were both raised in a musical environment, and their love for mariachi music developed at a young age. Their Latine roots and love for music inspired their pursuit for mariachi music.

Melendez found her love for mariachi music at a family party when she was young. She didn’t speak Spanish at the time, but she knew that was the music she wanted to create.

Before joining Mariachi Arcoiris for the second time, Melendez had already transitioned and was at a comfortable place in her life. So when Samaniego gave her a call about creating the group again, she was up for the journey, not knowing what a “lightforce“ it would turn out to be for the LGBTQ+ community.

“For me, being an elder [at 42 years old], it’s a blessing to me, just to be a part of it. Just to be a part of the movement and what [Samaniego’s] dreams have created for other people out there. The platform that [has] given them the safe space to express themselves,” Melendez said.

Melendez’s story became something that

Samaniego said would change the paradigm of mariachi music and its “machista,” or toxic masculinity background. He said her being the frst transgender woman in the history of mariachi music would make her a role model for many people.

“It’s important for us to state this fact because with visibility comes normality,” Samaniego said.

Mariachi Arcoiris has continued to make history for its culture and sexuality through its music. The band is featured in the U.S. Library of Congress; in a textbook from the Oxford University Press; and recently performed in the Zócalo in Mexico City for Mexico’s Pride event.

The band’s performance in Mexico was a full circle moment for Samaniego and Melendez, who were able to perform the music they love where it was created.

“To be there live and to share our music and to be on the stage and people loving it. What can you say about that? That’s history for us,” Melendez said.

The group continues to perform for various occasions. Mariachi Arcoiris’s weekends for this month are booked for the celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month and National Coming Out Day on Tuesday, Oct. 11.

Mariachi Arcoiris is currently recording its second album. Its frst album, “Mariachi Arcoiris,” can be found on Apple Music, Spotify and Amazon Music

Natalia Melendez, center, who is believed to be the first openly transgender female mariachi performer, sings with Mariachi Arcoiris (Rainbow Mariachi) during a performance at a San Fernando LGBT Center event in San Fernando, Calif., on Aug. 15, 2015. Anne Cusack — Los Angeles Times — TNS

Mariachi Arcoiris (Rainbow Mariachi) performs at a San Fernando LGBT Center event in San Fernando, Calif., on Aug. 15, 2015. Anne Cusack — Los Angeles Times — TNS

Fresno State needs to do more for commuters

By Manuel Hernandez News Editor

Fresno State is well-known as a commuter school, with many students driving to campus from Madera, Kings and even Kern counties. Students from non-Fresno County areas made up 44% of last year’s fall semester student population, amounting to 10,893 Fresno State students.

Out of that group, one of the highest rates of students enrolled were from Tulare County, reaching 13%.

My hometown of Visalia is within Tulare County, and as a student who drives a roundtrip of over 100 miles Monday through Friday to get from there to Fresno State, I think the university needs to embrace its identity as a commuter school.

Fresno State and the California State University system need to do more to help student commuters.

The university needs to provide, or at least advocate for, additional funding for transportation and programs to aid students who live farther away. Whether it be creating more programs like the V-line for other counties, or returning previous programs like the Bulldog Express for local students with no other means of transportation, more needs to be done.

Most important, students need more fnancial aid to pay for gas to drive these long distances so they can focus on school rather than gas prices.

Financial aid is already determined on various factors like family income or household size on a sliding scale. Why not also consider how far away a Fresno State student lives from the campus.

It’s not my fault or any other commuters fault for living farther away from the university, and with a campus theme that

focuses on inclusivity, Fresno State should have to accommodate; not the other way around.

This is one of the reasons Fresno State can’t rely solely on fnancial aid, like Pell Grants, as a solution to this problem.

Now in my fnal year as a Bulldog, I’ve spoken to many students in my shoes who intended to eventually move to Fresno to make the commute easier.

But like many of those in my situation, plans change.

There’s reasonable things no one can control, like the worldwide pandemic that sent my frst year of college online, which removed any chance of living in Fresno at the time.

Once COVID-19 restrictions were lifted and I was able to return to in-person classes, I adapted to driving to school every day.

But how are students who commute supposed to adapt again when they have to pay $100 a week for gas?

That’s how much I pay for gas in an average week. Since October, everyone in the Central Valley has been paying an average of over $6 per gallon, according to the AAA Gas Prices website. Yes, I’m grateful for how afordable the university already is as a Pell Grant recipient, but I’ve also paid for family medical bills, increasing rent and, most recently, raising gas prices.

Cars break down, tires go fat and if you drive on Highway 99 you know accidents happen all the time. Adding gas prices into the mix leaves students with no fnancial cushion to pay for when accidents do occur.

For those wondering why moving to Fresno is harder fnancially than choosing the commuter lifestyle, student dorms are over $4,000 per academic year, according to the 2022-23 rates. When it comes to ofcampus student housing, costs begin at $540

Jannah

per month at places like Avery, according to its website. The median cost of renting an apartment in Fresno is $1,400, according to The Fresno Bee.

On top of those fees, many students have family obligations or other factors keeping them home, such as elderly relatives, kids or dependents who require medical attention.

My mother is currently unable to work and my eldest sibling, 29, has a mental disability that makes it impossible for him to work altogether. My sister, 27, and I, 21, are both commuter students at Fresno State and can’t move away from home because we’ve taken a big role helping out fnancially.

Due to changing work schedules and night classes, we can’t utilize transportation like the V-Line, which is a partnered program with the city of Visalia and Fresno State. Plus, if an emergency occurs, we can’t wait one to two hours for the next bus to arrive and then ride an additional 1 hour, 30 minutes to get home.

Gov. Gavin Newsom said he will work with state legislatures to tax oil companies to pay back California residents through rebates due to the increasing gas prices,

according to NPR. As COVID-19 showed us, stimulus checks are crucial for those who need fnancial help, so there needs to be more aid based on infation.

But students have had this problem before gas prices went up.

As a commuter myself, I’d rather spend tuition to make transportation easier than pay increasing rates for a new student union that I can barely visit due to my limited time on campus.

I’m graduating next semester and I consider myself proud to be a Bulldog. Refecting on the times I’d leave for school at 4 a.m. and not drive back until midnight, I can see that it was a serious hustle getting to school every day.

For me, Fresno State was worth it. I was able to tough it out and I had a good time on campus.

But that doesn’t mean those currently in my situation, or future students who have to commute, should have to go through the same difculties I went through. Fresno State needs to help students going through what I went through if it really wants to consider itself a commuter school.

The Collegian is a student-run publication that serves the Fresno State community. Views expressed in The Collegian do not necessarily refect the views of the staff or university

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The Collegian carries four different ethnic supplements inserted several times throughout each semester into its print publication. Each supplement is produced by its own staff and advisers and is separate from The Collegian.

The news stories or opinions in the supplements do not refect those of The Collegian.

Rising gas prices make it more costly for commuter students to travel to and from campus. Carlos Rene Castro — The Collegian

Aaron Judge sets National League record for home runs in a single season

By Estela Anahi Jaramillo Sports Editor

On Oct. 4, 2022, in a game against the Tex as Rangers in Arlington, Texas, Fresno State alumnus Aaron Judge made history for the fans and teammates who were present that night.

Judge has been on every baseball fan’s ra dar from the moment he started accumulating home runs for the New York Yankees. Last week, Judge broke the 61-year-old American League (AL) record for the most home runs in a single season with 62.

“It’s a big relief… It’s been a fun ride so far,” Judge told NPR Tuesday night.

This isn’t the frst season where Judge has caught the attention of the MLB world. He has been an outstanding slugger since his very frst major league at-bat when he hit a home run on his fourth pitch as a Yankee.

Even in his frst season, Judge set the MLB record for most home runs by a rookie with 49 dingers.

The 30-year-old athlete, now in his seventh season, has shattered his previous records. He

has set the best runs batted in (RBI) in the AL at 131 and his batting average at .311.

Reporter and analyst Sarah Langs pre dicted that Judge would hit 64 home runs this season.

With 10 plate appearances left in 2022, he’s only two away from the predicted out come.

In 1961, New York Yankee Roger Maris set the previous single season home run record at 61 home runs.

Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants currently carries the all-MLB record of 73 homers in a single season.

The National League (NL) player set the record in 2001, passing previous NL players Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs.

However, McGwire’s, Sosa’s and Bonds’ records have been discredited due to accusa tions against them, making Judge’s talent the frst uncontested record-breaking run.

The MLB began drug testing players in 2003, and since then no players from the AL and NL have passed Maris’ record until now.

Fresno State football falls again in Mountain West conference opener at Boise State

By Maxwell Gallegos Reporter

The Fresno State football team opened Mountain West play Saturday night against Boise State hoping to end a three-game losing streak. Instead, the Bulldogs left Idaho with another loss as the Broncos claimed a 40-20 blowout victory.

Known for its ofensive frepower, Boise State stayed true to its identity in this game with its rushing attack. For the second consecutive week, the Broncos ran the ball for a total of 316 yards.

Fresno State Head Coach Jef Tedford commented on the Bulldogs’ inability to prevent the Broncos’ runs as Boise had multiple opportunities for big plays during the game.

“I think we only ran 15 plays in the second

half on ofense,” Tedford said.

With the Bulldogs unable to slow down the run, the team could force a few quick outs. An interception in the frst half earned the Bulldogs a good feld position, but in the second half they couldn’t create big plays on either side of the ball.

Running back Jordan Mims averaged only 2.9 yards per carry, and backup quarterback Logan Fife only threw for 134 yards in the game.

Fife’s performance in the ‘Dogs’ frst conference game showed signifcant improvement from the Bulldog’s game against University of Connecticut, according to Tedford.

“We got stuck in the second half with bad feld position, getting sacks, and had a guy open that we missed. They are learning experiences for him. Each one of these things,

this is a really valuable experience for him and this type of environment to handle this and the speed of the game. That’s the No. 1 defense in the [Mountain West Conference],” Tedford said.

On Fresno State’s frst drive of the game, it went three and out, and the Bulldogs were forced to punt. Boise State followed with its frst drive, ending in a 9-yard touchdown run by quarterback Taylen Green.

The ‘Dogs took the feld for the second time on defense after pinning Boise back inside its own 10-yard line with a punt. On third down, linebacker Malachi Langley intercepted a pass and set Fresno up for a goal-to-go situation. The ‘Dogs took advantage and tied the game at 7-7 after a 1-yard touchdown run by Fife.

This back-and-forth style of play continued between the two teams all the way up until the half, where Boise State took a small 20-17 lead

into the locker room.

Fresno State stopped Boise to start the half and tied the game with a feld goal with nearly nine minutes left in the third quarter. However, Boise State mounted an 11-play drive in response, resulting in a 5-yard touchdown pass to junior running back George Holani.

From there, the Broncos continued to increase their lead. After a feld goal early in the third quarter, Fresno State failed to score again and fell to the Broncos, 40-20.

This was Fresno State’s fourth loss of the season and its frst loss in Mountain West play. The Bulldogs now sit at an overall record of 1-4.

According to Sportsbook, Fresno State will be the 7-point underdogs in its next game against San Jose State. The Bulldogs will host the Spartans for Fresno State’s homecoming game on Saturday, Oct. 15.

After the Bulldogs’ 2012 season ended, he joined the Canadian Independent League and then Major League Baseball. Photo Courtesy of Fresno State Athletics

Fresno State swim and dive kick-starts its season at Chick-fl-A Invitational

By Estela Anahi Jaramillo Sports Editor

Fresno State swim and dive team hosted its frst swim meet of the season with the Chickfwil-A Invitational this past weekend at the Fresno State Aquatics Center.

The Bulldogs fnished in ffth place as a team with 396.33 points. UCLA took the frst place title with 962.83 points, while San Diego State University trailed second with 794.33.

Many individual athletes were highlighted on the second day of the meet. Senior captain Athena Clayson placed second in the 200 meter backstroke with a time of 1:59 minutes, and sophomore Wiktoria Dabrowska placed ffth in the 100 meter freestyle with a time of 51.37 seconds. Senior diver Silvia Alessio also showcased her talent at the start of the season by taking third in the one-meter dive.

The 400 free relay team of Eleonora Trentin, Clayson, Dabrowska and Julia Matney fnished fourth with a time of 3:27 minutes to fnish of the meet.

With a team full of underclassmen, there is room to continue to grow this season, Clayson said. The young team is flled heavily with

sophomores, relying on veterans like Clayson for leadership and encouragement this season.

“I think it balances out that we have very good, strong leadership as well to lead that.

So it’s good that we have a new team and new people,” Clayson said.

The team competed against big teams at the invitational, including Pac-12 teams like UCLA and Cal Berkley, but was able to put up

a fght against them, according to Clayson.

The team was able to see what events it will compete well in for the remainder of the season. For returners like Clayson, a threetime Mountain West (MW) champion, she said this is a fresh start for Fresno State as she competes in her fnal season.

“I think just personally, I’m trying to see the season out as best I can my fnal year here

at Fresno State,” Clayson said. “All I want to do is just try my hardest in every event, don’t leave any stone unturned in practice and in any competitions, try diferent things and push myself the most.”

As a captain this season, Clayson and her fellow co-captain, Mackenzie Hutler, plan to set expectations for the team early on this season.. Clayons noted that the environment this year and the attitudes from her teammates make for a good team dynamic.

This season, the team is aiming for a medal at the MW conference and at least one athlete in every fnal event.

“I think we will look really good. The energy is really good. The vibe is super high. I think that’s all we can ask for the frst session,” Clayson said. “We’ve had really good practices. I’ve noticed we’re a lot more verbal.”

I think they will be the goals moving forwards and look into conference and short term as well as long term with the jewel meets included that as well.

The Bulldogs will be back at the Fresno State Aquatics Center on Oct. 21 for their next meet against Fresno Pacifc and University of the Pacifc at 4 p.m.

Equestrian team jumps into 2022 season

By Dylan Gonzales Reporter

Fresno State’s equestrian team opened its 2022 season with an 11-8 loss to Texas A&M at the Student Horse Center on Sept. 30.

The Bulldogs came into the contest ranked No. 8, and the Aggies were ranked No. 3. Fresno State fnished last season with a 6-11 record.

Even though they had a losing record, the Bulldogs fnished the season ranked No. 8 in the National Collegiate Equestrian Association (NCEA) rankings.

After going into the break with a narrow 5-4 lead, Fresno State was outscored 7-3 in the second half.

Despite the loss, two Bulldogs were awarded Most Outstanding Players (MOP). In the fat, senior Ana Bertozzi won her sixth career MOP.

Sophomore Shelby Robinette won her frst career MOP in the reining.

Bertozzi won both of her matchups in the fences and fat.

Robinette scored a 79 in the reining, which set a program record for Fresno State and also tied the third highest score in NCEA history.

In the fences, the Bulldogs were led by Bertozzi and junior Taylor Holstead. Both totaled 82 points.

Robinette and Bertozzi both received awards as a result of their performances. Robinnette was named the NCEA Reining Rider of the Month. Bertozzi was awarded the Big 12 Flat Rider of the Month.

This was her second monthly award, but her frst in the fat.

Fresno State will return home to face No. 6 ranked Auburn on Saturday, Oct. 15 at the Student Horse Center.

Alyssa Libang swims in the 200 IM on day one of the Chick-Fil-A Invitational on Oct. 7. Estela Anahi Jaramillo — The Collegian

Ana Bertozzi has been named the Big 12 Flat Rider of the Month . Xochitl Ortega - Fresno State Athletics

Shelby Robinette has been named National Collegiate Equestrian Association Reining Rider of the Month. Xochitl Ortega - Fresno State Athletics

From Walker to Bland: Bulldog football alumni in the NFL active roster this season

By Al Scott Reporter

When people think of former football players at Fresno State currently in the pros, two names tend to come to mind: quarterback Derek Carr (2009-2013) and wide receiver Davante Adams (2011-2013) of the Las Vegas Raiders. But Carr and Adams aren’t the only Bulldog alumni making their mark in the National Football League (NFL).

Mykal Walker (2018-2019) continues to shine in the NFL after a stellar outing during the Atlanta Falcons’ Week 4 23-20 victory over the Cleveland Browns.

“Big time win. Never perfect, but we [are] building something special,” Walker posted on Twitter after the win.

The linebacker led the team in tackles again Sunday with 11 in the Falcons’ Week 5 21-15 loss to Tampa Bay.

Walker now has 44 tackles, one sack, one forced fumble and one interception on the season.

He’s considered one of the most successful players in Fresno State’s history. Walker has accumulated 182 tackles and 23 tackles for loss in two seasons with the Bulldogs.

He earned First Team All-Mountain West Honors in both years before being selected by Atlanta in the fourth round of the 2020 draft.

Dallas Cowboys cornerback DaRon Bland (2021) had a big game in his team’s 25-10 win over the Washington Commanders in Week 4. In his frst game getting defensive snaps, Bland had three tackles, one pass defection and a crucial 4th-quarter interception to secure his team’s win.

Bland only played one year for the Bulldogs but made an impact in 2021, appearing in all 13 games with 45 tackles and two interceptions. He was selected by the Cowboys in the ffth round of the 2022 NFL draft.

During pregame warmups, Cowboys cornerback Jourdan Lewis sufered a groin injury, which opened up playing time for the former Bulldog.

“They told me right before kickof,” said Bland. “I was ready to play, but it changes a little when you know you’re going to get a lot of snaps. I was blessed [with] the opportunity.”

Despite his outstanding performance, Bland was relegated back to special teams duty and did not see any defensive snaps when Lewis

returned in Week 5.

Barring an injury or benching in the Cowboys’ secondary, playing time will be hard to garner for the rookie corner.

Juju Hughes (2016-2019) is currently in his frst year with the Detroit Lions after spending two seasons with the Los Angeles Rams. The

safety has eight tackles on the season. While at Fresno State, Hughes played four years, including his senior season in which he recorded 78 tackles and four interceptions. According to Pro Football Focus, Hughes is a “pure playmaker.” He was signed by the Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2020.

Safety Charles Washington (2011-2015) was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the Lions in 2016. Washington is currently in his fourth season with the Arizona Cardinals, but is currently on injured reserve retroactive to Sept. 4 with a chest injury.

Head Coach Klif Kingsbury says he expects Washington to be available in the next couple of weeks, according to Cardinals beat writer, Chuck Harris.

The three-time MWC All-Academic honoree also recorded 198 tackles, four sacks, three int’s and 17 pass defections while playing for the Bulldogs. He primarily played cornerback in college before shifting to safety in his senior season.

Ofensive guard Netane Muti (2017-2019) was added to the Denver Broncos active roster before their 32-23 defeat by the Las Vegas Raiders in Week 4 but did not see any action. Muti started 17-of-19 games played at Fresno State while battling injuries throughout his college career.

He was selected by the Broncos in the sixth round (181st overall) of the 2020 NFL Draft. The third-year guard has played 19 games and started four in his career so far.

Carr and Adams connected three times for 124 yards in their Week 5 defeat to the Kansas City Chiefs.

The Chiefs won the Monday night game with the score of 30-29. Carr completed 19 of his 30 passes with 241 total passing yards, both to Adams.

Carr now has 1,241 passing yards and eight touchdown passes on the season. Adams has 414 receiving yards with fve touchdown catches as Carr’s number one target.

The Raiders have a bye during Week 6 which could allow Adams to be in Fresno on Oct. 15 for homecoming as the Bulldogs retire his number.

Adams was acquired via trade this ofseason from the Green Bay Packers for two frst-round draft picks and immediately signed a contract extension to play with Carr and the Raiders for the foreseeable future.

There are also several players currently on practice squads ready to get called up to their teams’ NFL rosters including linebacker Arron Mosby (Carolina Panthers), ofensive lineman Alex Akingbulu (Washington Commanders) and running back Ronnie Rivers (Los Angeles Rams).

DaRon Bland (1) makes a run at the Fresno State game against Boise State on Nov. 6,2021 at Bulldog Stadium. Melina Kazanjian — The Collegian

Mykal Walker (3) prepares to tackle UNLV running back Charles Williams at Bulldog Stadium on Saturday, Oct. 18, 2019. Armando Carreño — The Collegian