DESIGN REALIZATION
SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION FRiDA STOCKHAUS SEMESTER 9 2014
FOREWORD Sustainable Transformation This studio’s focus is Sustainable Transformation and it begins with a theoretical part about Mat-structures. Highdensity structures, often without hierarchy and with a flexible layout that could be transformed or grow. The investigation of these MAT-structures should lead us further and give us new working methods and tools to create a project with a high-density and a mixed program on our site in Poblenou, Barcelona. Hopefully I will also have the opportunity to investigate and approach the sustainable part, as Barcelona has good climate conditions and potential for creating a sustainable project that works with the environment. Would be nice to try to create a Project that works with the site and its climate by using green energy.
SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION _MAT AS CONCEPT - THEORY AND MODEL Theory Good and interesting lectures with sometimes very complicated texts that must be analyzed, understood, reformulated and finally presented. Our group analyzed texts such as: - Mat Buildings and the Environment A text that tries to determine if Mat-buildings are a sustainable structure that works with the environment. Diagrams to the right shows some building examples from the text, that are analyzed on the basis of how they have chosen to approach their environment.
A CITY WITHIN THE CITY - Circulation paths fromThe Free University, Berlin
The first theoretical part was more or less about trying to understand what makes a building a Mat -building and how to define them. It is not always that obvious.
A CITY IN A PROTECTED CLIMATE BOX Academy Mont-Cenis, Germany
32 o
28 o TYPICAL SUMMER DAY
12 o
5o
TYPICAL WINTER DAY
Hospital
Analytical model - learning from mat-buildings trough spatial analysis of Venice Hospital by Le Corbusier.
Analysis - Venice Hospital Making an analytical model
Planer udsnit 1:500
Modulor + UnitĂŠ
Rooms - Islands
Health care - Ch
Circulation - Stre
Level 3: Beds, surgery rooms
Udsnit
Planer udsnit 1:500
Modulor + UnitĂŠ
Unit 1:300
Level 2B: Ciculation - patients, storage
Rooms - Islands Health care - Church Circulation - Street
Level 3: Beds, surgery rooms
Udsnit 1:200
Level 2A: Reception, emergency, x-ray, laboratories, operating rooms
Level 2B: Ciculation - patients, storage
Level 2A: Reception, emergency, x-ray, laboratories, operating rooms
Level 1: Entrances, administration, parking
Plan 1:1000
Snit 1:100
Level 1: Entrances, administration, parking
Snit 1:100
SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION _AGGREGATE AND SITE - THEORY AND MODEL Venice Hospital meets the site The urban block of Cerda and the mat-structure of Le Corbusier. How do they interact? - Does the mat-structure produce new conditions for mix-use development of functions and new programs? -Does the mat-building produce new condition for the relations between private and public, closeness and openness?
Explorations of a part - Zoom in on a part that shows qualities and possibilities that I would like to work furter with and create a Aggregate for my project.
AGGREGATE AND SITE AGGREGATE AND SITE
VERTICAL CONNECTORS VERTICAL CONNECTORS
AGGREGATE AGGREGATE
AGGREGATE AGGREGATE
BUILDINGS BUILDINGS
ADDING A GRID / ZOOM / CONNECTIONS ADDING A GRID / ZOOM / CONNECTIONS
BUILDING
COURTYARD / URBAN FARM
PUBLIC SQUARE
SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL
LEVELS / SPACE FOR CREATIVITY
A
C
B
1
D
C
4
1
782
365
E
D
1
4
344
782
E
G
F
TOTAL FLOOR AREA
4
3 6
G
977 365
1 3 6
118
1
788
623
1
2
270
788
1
1
646
270
1
TOTAL ARREA OF THE LOT 11795 TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS
TOTAL ARREA OF THE LOT
977
356 344
646
118
458
2253
A
A
14895
B
14222
2,47 FAR
11795
458
3375
29117
29117
118
2253
260
14895
=
344
458
3375
1
10847
TOTAL FLOOR AREA / NEW BUILDINGS 14222 TOTAL FLOOR AREA / SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ON SITE TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS 29117 TOTAL FLOOR AREA / NEW BUILDINGS
TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS 29117
ROOF FARM / S. METERS
356
260
“SHOPPING STREET”
“SHOPPING STREET”
ROOF FARM / S. METERS
2
1
118
10847
TOTAL FLOOR AREA / SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ON SITE
SITE WITH PROJECT
N
SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL
344
458
TOTAL FLOOR AREA
SITE WITH PROJECT
N
LEVELS / HOUSING 977SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL 1 LEVELS / SPACE FOR CREATIVITY 623 SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL 977
B
F PUBLIC SQUARE
LEVELS / HOUSING
BUILDING4
A
COURTYARD / URBAN FARM
BUILDING VOLUMES BUILDING VOLUMES
CIRCULATION PATHS CIRCULATION PATHS
G
E
G =
2,47 FAR
B
F
E C D
F
C D
CONTEXT AND CLIMATE
_POUBLENOU MAPPINGS 22@Poublenou, vision for the area: - Mix of functions - Local companies, shops and trade - Social diversity - Different types of dwellings - Focus on public space and activities - Re-use of industrial buildings to maintain identity - Focus on creating a sense of social belonging - More public institutions - More public squares and green areas - Focus on education and cultural activities “ We purpose a more compact and diverse city model, a mixture that favors social cohesion and fosters more balanced and sustainable urban and economic development. Therefore, productive activities co-exist with dwellings.� A sens of belonging Maintaining the atmosphere of the old industrial area and creating a new identity for the 22@ is important in order to attract people to the area. Residential areas should be made up of different types of facades, buildings and experimental design to create a clear sense of social belonging. 22@Network - Support to initiatives of the district - Access to education - Relationship spaces - Networking
Block Analysis
POBLENOU / WHAT IS THERE TODAY - WHAT CAN WE REMOVE
NUMBER OF FLOOR / BUILDING 6 5 4 3 2 1
Mass VS Void and Unfolded elevation around the block. -What are the opportunities in the voids between the buildings? How can I work with the building’s topography?
POBLENOU / VOIDS - UNFOLDED ELEVATION
Security It gets dark early in Barcelona and buildings in the area consists mostly of workshop and/or residential buildings with shops on ground floor, which means that the street could be perceived as abandoned and dark after closing hours. - How can I create a space where the street and voids are not perPOBLENOU / SECURITY ceived as dangerous places after dark? IT GETS DARK EARLY AND BUILDINGS IN THE AREA CONSISTS MOSTLY OF WORKSHOPS AND / OR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WITH SHOPS IN THE GROUND FLOOR, WHICH MEANS THAT THE STREET COULD BE PERCEIVED AS ABANDONED AND DARK AFTER LOCKUP HOURS.
POBLENOU / SECURITY - OPEN / CLOSED
SIDEWALKS AND CROSSINGS - HOW TO GET AROUND AS PEDESTRIAN
DAYTIME
AFTER DARK - LIGHTS
NIGHT
Traffic Flow POBLENOU / FLOWS - VEHICLE Heavily trafficked roads passing the site on the northwest side, which means that I probably need to create taller buildings on that side to reduce traffic noise.
POBLENOU / FLOWS - BICYCLE PATHS
POBLENOU / GREEN CORRIDORS TWO TYPES OF TREES ARE USED IN THE STREET SPACE AROUND THE SITE. THE TREES PROVIDE SHADE AND BLOCK OUT THE STRONG SUMMER SUN. ONE OF THE TREE TYPES GIVE PROTECTION FOR THE SUN ALL YEAR AROUND AND THE OTHER ONE DROP THE LEAVES DURING THE WINTER.
WINTER
SUMMER
Green Corridores POBLENOU / GREEN CORRIDORS Two types of trees are used in the street space around the site. The trees provide shade and block out the strong summer sun.. One of the tree types give protection for the sund and vind all year around, and the other type drop its leavs during winter. TWO TYPES OF TREES ARE USED IN THE STREET SPACE AROUND THE SITE. THE TREES PROVIDE SHADE AND BLOCK OUT THE STRONG SUMMER SUN. ONE OF THE TREE TYPES GIVE PROTECTION FOR THE SUN ALL YEAR AROUND AND THE OTHER ONE DROP THE LEAVES DURING THE WINTER.
SUMMER
POBLENOU / STREET SCALE- FROM S TO XL
WINTER
CONTEXT AND CLIMATE
_POUBLENOU PROGRAM Site strategies - Removing buildings from the site I have removed buildings that are in poor condition and that have no Cultural value to the site. These removed buildings creates a path that leads into a void in the center of the block, which I see as the center og gravity for my project. I will keep the buildings that have an industrial character and continue to work with them in the project.
SITE STRATEGIES
REMOVING BUIDINGS FROM THE SITE
SITE STRATEGIES / SUN STUDY
Sun study
21.03 - 09:00
21.03 - 12:00
21.03 - 17:00
21.06 - 09:00
21.06 - 12:00
21.06 - 17:00
21.12 - 09:00
21.12 - 12:00
Possibilities on site How is the site working today? What is the architectural theme? How are the buildings oriented? Wher could I add things without blocking any view? Visual connections?
Strategies - Architectural theme Create a new attractor in the center of the block
Architectural theme - Reduction of traffic noise - Visibility as a connector - Blur borders/ working with diffirent scales - Connect the site to the street - Vertical gardens/ social spaces
Adding new buildings
SUN STUDY
21.03 - 09.00
21.03 - 12.00
21.03 - 17.00
21.06 - 09.00
21.06 - 12.00
21.06 - 17.00 N
21.12 - 09.00
21.12 - 12.00
Transformation My first thought is to re-use the large industrial building and turn it into a greenhouse with a restaurant. The building should be quite transparent as it is perceived as big, heavy and it block the view from the surrounding buildings. I want to retain the building’s visibility from the street to show that something new happens on the other side.
TRANSFORMATION
The Project My intention is to create a project that responds to the vision of 22@Poublenou. I want to create a social space where people can meet, interact and create networks. A space that acts as a bridge towards a sustainable way of life, where you have the opportunity to make a low-impact living. A place that blurs the borders between inside/outside, private/public.
CONNECT_URBAN BRIDGE This is a Common Backyard, a Bridge and a frame that serves as a co-working Space for individuals - makers, and urban farmers who would like to live and act in a space that aims towards a low impact living. It is a place where people with common interests can meet, socialize and/or collaborate. Come here as a guest, a frequent cus-
MAKERSPACE
URBAN FARMING
People live and work in the cities for one reason only and that is the need for geographical proximity to different types of exchanges. We need to get together to have economic exchange, that exchange goods and services with each other, we need social exchange, ie companionship and cohabitation, and last but not least for cultural exchanges of one another - we need to learn from others thoughts and ideas - we all need a Makerspace. How can we create new ideas to replace the old image of the city as a machine of concrete and steel that requires a lot of fuel to operate, over-exploiting places in order to survive, only consumes energy and produces mountains of waste? I would like to replace that image with the image of the city as a self-sustaining ecosystem, where residents produce their own food and energy using the sun and wind, but for the sake of turning the clock back to medieval times. A place where the people both consume and produce their food and energy together. A message that leads to a collective sense of community and interdependence.
USERS The Environmentalis - Strives towards a low impact living - Ecological/ Local food - Reuse/ Recycle materials - Would like to have space for Urban farming
The Student - Would like to have Common Spaces for social life/Networking - Reuse/Recycle materials
The Maker - Creative - Self-employed - Live/Work from home - Would like to have a Common Space for Networking / Workshops/ Studios
CONTEXT AND CLIMATE
_ENVIRONMENT AS A TOOL My intention is to create a form that corresponds to the site and the climate. What happens if I let the sun control the shape? Design parameters that I have as a basis for the shape in these steps are: Context - Building height should respond to the neighboring houses Core - creating a center to bring in light and wind for natural ventilation of the building
TRANSFORMING THE AGGREGATE - SITE
GETTING LIGHT INTO THE CORE
LIGHT AND THERMAL VENTILATION
VISIBILITY AND HOW TO CRATE SHADED SPACES AND PRIVACY
TRANSFORMING THE AGGREGATE - SITE
Lower volumes towards the courtyard and create a bridge / low structure to maintain the view for houses with windows and balconies facing the backyard. Make the industrial building visible from the street and create an entrance between the buildings, by making the building shorter. This also creates a distance towards the balcony in the neighboring house so that they can maintain their privacy.
LIGHT AND THERMAL VENTILATION
Deep balconies are placed towards the courtyard to not get direct sunlight into the apartments. The balconies also have a wall that blocks the sun from south, which is the most critical one. By angling walls, windows and giving the floors above each other a shift, shadows are created which prevents direct sunlight and overheating of the building during the hot summer months. The bridge shape has been divided into smaller elements with parts that allow trees to grow up besides the facade to become a part of the structure, and to provide shade for plants and urban farmers.
GETTING LIGHT INTO THE CORE
VISIBILITY AND HOW TO CRATE SHADED SPACES AND PRIVACY
_THERMAL VENTILATION Section showing the ventilating principles with cross ventilation and the open core.
OPEN CORE
OPERABLE DUBBLE SKIN REDUCES SOLAR HEAT GAIN
TREES FOR SHADING AND CLEAN AIR
BRIDGE
CROSS VENTILATION
LIVINGROOM/COFFICE
URBAN FARM
ART STUDIO/WORKSHOP
STREET
SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION _CONCEPTUAL MASS - VASARI By doing a sun and wind study of the building mass in Vasari, I tried to get a rough idea of how the shape responds to the climate. If I combine my previous sun studies with this survey, it gives a hint about which facades I need to focus on in order to create a good indoor climate.
2
Schema A: kWh/m
SOLAR RADIATION Single Day / Average Start: 2010-06-21 05:19 End: 2010-06-21 20:26
0,3
SOLAR RADIATION
0,1
Single Day / Average Start: 2010-12-21 08:15 End: 2010-12-21 17: 22
0,2 -
0-
0
0
17:22
CLIMATE DATA: BARCELONA / COPENHAGEN
WIND ROSE
WIND VELOCITY
107.00 m/s
Velocity (m/s): 24.90 Angle: 173.0
WIND VELOCITY
41.30 m/s
Velocity (m/s): 20.90 Angle: 344.0 0.00
WIND VELOCITY
67.42 m/s
Velocity (m/s): 29.40 Angle: 150.0 0.00
0.00
SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION _FACADE CONCEPT My concept is to create a facade that consists of two different layers, an outer skin that filters sunlight and letting in air for natural ventilation of the building. The outer skin also gives the structure a different shape that frames the building. By dividing the outer framework into smaller sliding modules, the interior climate can be controlled and gives the building a facade that can change in its expression.
_BREATHABLE SKIN
CLEAN AND HEATED AIR OUTDOOR AIR COMIN IN THROUGH THE WALL CHANNEL RADIATOR
A FILTER CLEANS THE AIR
BREATHABLE SKIN: SOLAR SHADING
Perforated facade reduces solar heat gain
PASSIVE COOLING
Operable windows allow natural ventilation/cross ventilation
EXTERNAL VIEWS
Semi transparant facade provides views to the City/ Backyard
NATURAL LIGHTNING
Facade filters natural sunlight
_OUTER SKIN External blinds are needed in order to prevent direct sunlight and glare during the hottest months, somthing that filters the sunlight. I investigated how this filter could work by making some different types. My aim was to create a filter that lets in light, allows view to the outside, that prevents glaring sunlight and that is providing a harmonious shade.
g
g
Color as a guide towards something new. A slightly more neutral facade is facing the street, the facade contains elements and colors from street space. The facade then changes into stronger colors towards the courtyard, to brighten up the otherwise forgotten backside of this block.
_SHADOWS AS A DESIGN ELEMENT Facades with windows are set back from the street and angled for optimum light conditions in the apartments. The intention of breaking up the facade is, besides to create a good indoor climate - to create a shadow play in order to break up the large and heavy building volume, and create a bit more small scale impression. The shadows becomes part of the facade, which means that the building’s expression may change with the climate.
MEETING - MENTOR
_HOUSING AND DENSITY First meeting with Morten Bluhm, Kpf Arkitekter FAR - How dense is the project? What´s my concept?
BUILDING
LEVELS / HOUSING
SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL
4
977
A
LEVELS / SPACE FOR CREATIVITY
B
SQUARE METERS PER LEVEL
1
623
2
788
C
1
365
1
270
D
4
782
1
646
E
1
344
F
3
118
G
6
458
TOTAL FLOOR AREA
14895
TOTAL FLOOR AREA / NEW BUILDINGS
14222
TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS
29117
29117 11795
2,47 FAR
260
458
3375
2253
A
B G
=
356
118 1
TOTAL FLOOR AREA / SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ON SITE
TOTAL ARREA OF THE LOT
977
344
10847
TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA OF BUILDINGS
ROOF FARM / S. METERS
E F
C D
Notes from the meeting: - Start investigate the building by making sections, how does the existing connected to the new? - How do you get light into the large volumes? - Choose a focus area to zoom in on - How do the bridge and the site connect to the street? - Is it possible to divide large volumes to get a more human scale? -Break up the the shape by demonstrating balconies and terraces, how could it look like? - Visual link between bridge - street? - Analyze meetings between building elements - Make a climatic analysis of the building
N
MEETING - MENTOR
_STRUCTURE + ORGANIZATION + STATICS Notes from the meeting: - Modular system is good because it will solve both sound requirements and fire requirements between apartments - Switch between different scales when working, for example 1:50 - 1:200 - The project may not need as many elevators? How much area is used only for circulation? - Maybe it’s better with only one level on the bridge? - Improve the bridge and its concept and get it to really work together with the building - Clarify why it should be small apartments, what kind of qualities do the social space provide? - Interesting with a facade that has a collage texture - Keep doing facade studies - Work on the module (my unit), get it to really work, make solar studies and really design it good - Good concept with social facilities, make it really pop! - Make a program plan, describing the project program in colors
Site plan 1:200
MEETING - MENTOR
_STRUCTURE + ORGANIZATION + STATICS Facade Study
MEETING - MENTOR
_ENVELOPE Plans with the program - Public - Private - Circulation - Outdoor space/Urban Farming
MEETING - MENTOR
_ENVELOPE Elevation - Street Elevation without the outer skin facade and balcony railings. Notes from meeting: - Work on how the building meets the surrounding houses, lower or raise the foundation so it responds to the other building’s roof lines or levels. - Create some types of windows with different sizes (scale) - Make a Stylish site plan that really sells in the project, and a section through the bridge and the Industrial building where you really can see how the tomato plants are growing. - Turn down the intensity on the colors and make the facade more neutral, everything do not need not be so defined.
Elevation 1:200
The project in figures and facts
ZOOM - S
_STUDENT UNIT Investigating the module, Student Unit One can always make a design better. My basic idea with the student apartment is that I wanted to create a space that has the most basic in it. A sleeping area that can also be used as a social space, a small kitchen, bathroom and a large balcony. The balcony is the heart of the apartment and its size is mainly because of two reasons. To avoid direct sunlight into the apartment and to create an outdoor space that can be experienced as part of the apartment, so that you can almost sleep outdoors.
STUDIO APARTMENT 1 31,5 m2 Balcony 7,2 m2
Sections / Plan in Scale 1:100
Plan studies - Student Unit
Light Study Velux LUX studies, without solar shading to see how much light there is in the apartment.
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 09:00 Sky conditions Overcast
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 12:00 Sky conditions Overcast
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 17:00 Sky conditions Clear
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 12:00 Sky conditions Overcast
lux
lux
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 12:00 Sky conditions Clear
lux
Orientation 236,0 CW Time June at 17:00 Sky conditions Clear
lux
Interior views - Student Unit
Model of the Student Unit
ZOOM - M
_COMMON KITCHEN Community Kitchen Interior views from the common kitchen. The kitchen is designed to be experienced as large and spacious, almost spiritual in that part where people work and prepare the food, and narrow and much more intimate where you sit and share the meal. The kitchen is directly connected to “The Green Payground�, Eco-Lundry and to the Living Room. A staircase leads directly from the kitchen up to the bridge, where the food can be grown and from where you can reach the more private residential area.
SECTION 1:200
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2 1/2
LEVEL 2 1/2
LEVEL 1 1/2
PROPOSAL
_URBAN BRIDGE
URBAN BRIDGE
Space distribution
SITE PLAN
LEVEL 0
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
348,8
LEVEL 5
93,8
111
16,6
42,8 60
152
271,6
LEVEL 4
ELEVATION
SECTION
VIEW FROM ENTRANCE TROUGH THE WALL
VIEW FROM LEVEL 1 - GREEN PLAYROOM
MEETING - MENTOR
_DESIGN REALIZATION LECTURES Lecture 1 A Lecture that basically describes how the workprocess look like in an architect’s office out in the real world. I guess it was a good lesson if you’ve never been working in an architect’s office, but as I just came back from an internship it felt a bit unnecessary and waste of time for my part. Lecture 4 Working in a 3D World. Interesting lecture about building with BIM, some great tips with relevant pages on internet where to learn more and download programs. Feeling inspired and I want to make a presentation movie about my project. I also realize that there will not be a movie about this particular project, this semester. www.therevitkit.com Youtube movie - 3XN Nordflojen
SYNTESIS
_REFLECTION / CONCLUSION I am generally satisfied with this semester, but it has been very intense with a tight schedule with many workshops and presentations which has meant that it has been difficult to find time to reflect on what I have learned and produced. I think that the combination of transformation and sustainability has been really interesting and an enriching experience for me, and also the site and the location has been really inspiring. To begin a project based up on spatial themes from Venice Hospital and Mat-structures felt from the beginning like something quite impossible. Big projects organized around a complex program which somtimes feels unmanageable. It has been an interesting process and approach to the site and the project. I am absolutely convinced that I would never have created this shape that came from the meeting between Venice Hospital - my aggregate and the site. Sometimes I think that I do not even like the shape of my building, I´m amazed about how that shape kind of happened. Almost like I did not have anything to do with it. The building is perceived as very masculine and big. But maybe it’s just what happens when it all starts with Venice Hospital. What I see as something good in my own design process is that I did not known from the beginning where or in which direction my project would go. It’s been quite liberating not to focus on the end result and about what it could be, and instead to be able to just investigate the shape. My plan was initially to create a sustainable building, but I realize that I have only scratched the surface of this subject. It takes several and more in-depth analysis in order to create a building that really works with the climate and uses it as a main energy source. But I think that it is important to start testing these ideas and learning some new desing tools for future investigations, since I think we should take a greater responsibility for the climate as architects in general. Our design meetings with our mentor has been very good and it’s been nice to be able to present in a more intimate and personal way. Good, creative and constructive criticism that is easy to understand. Good comments which really contribute and made the process more clear in order to take the project further. Another thing that was good with small group presentations is that you really get an insight and an opportunity to follow other people’s process and the development of their project, which has been very instructive. My own work process has been the opposite of what I thought this semester would be. I have worked and built up my project in every program I have, which means a lot of extra work but also a way to get better. My idea was to learn Revit, which I have not completely succeeded with, but I have started. Then I also had a plan to start sketching more by hand, but I realized that this semester was all about getting better at various computer programs and tools. Maybe I should have stepped back a bit in my prosess and not tried to solve as much, but it’s difficult when you want to put all the pieces together and see what they could create as a whole.