FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
FRSC
g
Insi ht A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY COMMISSION
NELSON MANDELA HIS LIFE JOURNEY Health benefits of
orange
www.frscinsight.com NOVEMBER, 2013
Distracted Driving
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 2
From the Editor-In-Chief
H
ave you ever wondered why people and things need to die before they can live again? Biologically death is part of the natural orders of things and it occurs when the billions of tiny cells that make up the human existence wear and tear, and eventually break down, especially due to old age, and where not replaced would ceased to function. Legally, death could occur when the state pronounces sentences on a convicted criminal. Also death could be caused due to sudden illness or accident. Death, however it comes, no doubt is painful, but most times we die to live in the minds of loved ones and those who got stirred with our inspirational life. Death is enigmatic and is mostly unknown. The closest explanation about death is to contract it to life. However the distinction between life and death is fluid. Globally, an average of 150,000 people die daily. Humanity by nature suffers mortality. Human beings and plants get weakened due to old age and subsequently die. However, the hydra and jelly fish are biologically immortal, as they are known not to suffer death. Christianity believe even Christ had to die before he could live forever as a redeemer. Due to the accolades that accompanied the burial of Mandela, many Africans must have wished him not to die. But I know Mandela should die, if only to live in our hearts and the generations thereafter. For most people especially Africans, it took the death of Mandela, before he could live in our hearts. Considering what Mandela represents to ordinary Africans especially his native South Africans, it would be sheer greed to say he should have done more. Mandela, freedom fighter, prisoner, Nobel Laureate, peace maker, President and global Icon, suffered the most inhuman degedration, including spending 27 years of his youthful life in prison just only to free his country, thus transforming into a global icon and inspiration to billions
of people worldwide. How Mandela transcended race barrier to become a symbol of resistance and exemplar of human generosity of spirit, to me, is simply ‘’fearfully awesome’’. That is why FRSC Insight, joins Mandela’s numerous admirers worldwide to celebrate a man, who unknowingly, have through his death, project Africa before the global press, perhaps for the first time forget to broadcast the usual bad news where the continent have been unfairly tagged as a place of squalors, diseases and never do wells. Above what he represents, Mandela would be fondly remembered and lived forever in our hearts as a global symbol of reconciliation and peaceful co–existence. In celebrating Mandela, FRSC Insight features him this month as our cover. In addition, you can read other interesting stories on distracted driving. You sure like oranges, either in natural or processed form? If you are curious to know its health benefits, you would read it here. There is also a story on the national vehicle road worthiness inspection regime as imperatives from an emission perspective as well as other interesting stories. As usual, all previous editions of FRSC Insight are available on www.frscinsight. com Corps Commander Clement O. Oladele Head, FRSC Planning Advisory Editor – In – Chief
3
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
Content
Editorial Crew
Osita Chidoka OFR Corps Marshal/Chief Executive
Publisher
OC Oladele
Editor窶的n-Chief
KD Alegieuno Editor
(CC) (ARC)
Pg 3 : Nelson Mandela
Members
VO Ogunnupebi (ACC) AR Obagbemiro (CRC) CB Nwokolo (DRC) OI IKOKU (DRC) DO Enakireru (ARC)
Pg 7 : Health benefits of orange
Pg 10 : Distracted Driving
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 4
NELSON MANDELA
Nelson Mandela is undoubtedly one of the greatest leaders Africa has ever produced. His leadership style has set a standard for other leaders, especially for those who will want to leave behind a legacy. Let’s take a walk into the life of this one man who has indeed etched his name on the sand of time.
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
M
andela was born into the Madiba clan in Mvezo, Transkei, on July 18, 1918, to Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
Mandela lost his father when he was 12 years old and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni. He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher Miss Mdingane gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom to give all school children “Christian” names. A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics .Nelson Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League. In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu’s cousin Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile ‘Thembi’ and Makgatho and two daughters both called Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. They effectively separated in 1955 and divorced in 1958. Nelson Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its work, in 1949 the ANC adopted a more radical massbased policy, the Programme of Action. In 1952 he was chosen at the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the
5 ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months hard labour, suspended for two years. On 11 January 1962, using the adopted name David Motsamayi, Nelson Mandela secretly left South Africa. He travelled around Africa and visited England to gain support for the armed struggle. He received military training in Morocco and Ethiopia and returned to South Africa in July 1962. He was arrested in a police roadblock outside Howick on 5 August while returning from KwaZulu-Natal where he briefed ANC President Chief Albert Luthuli about his trip. He was charged with leaving the country illegally and inciting workers to strike. He was convicted and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment which he began serving in the Pretoria Local Prison. On 27 May 1963 he was transferred to Robben Island and returned to Pretoria on 12 June. Within a month police raided a secret hide-out in Rivonia used by ANC and Communist Party activists, and several of his comrades were arrested. On 9 October 1963 Nelson Mandela joined ten others on trial for sabotage in what became known as the Rivonia Trial. While facing the death penalty his words to the court at the end of his famous ‘Speech from the Dock’ on 20 April 1964 became immortalised:
“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 6
which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.� On 11 June 1964 Nelson Mandela and seven other accused were convicted and the next day, sentenced to life imprisonment. Mandela served over 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. An international campaign lobbied for his release. He was released in 1990, during a time of escalating civil strife. Mandela joined negotiations with President F. W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory and became South Africa’s first black president.
He published his autobiography in 1995. During his tenure in the Government of National Unity he invited several other political parties to join the cabinet. As agreed to during the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa, he promulgated a new constitution. He also created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While continuing the former government’s liberal economic policy, his administration also introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military intervention in Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman, focusing on
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
7 tion. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another... Let freedom reign. God Bless Africa!” Shortly after he published his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. In 1997 Nelson Mandela stepped down as leader of the ANC in favour of Thabo Mbeki, and in 1999 he relinquished the post of president.
charitable work in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation. On 10 May 1994 Nelson Mandela made his inaugural presidential speech from the Union Building, Pretoria: “We have at last, achieved our political emancipation. we pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other discrimina-
Despite claims to have retired, Mandela continues to have a busy life. He was divorced from Winnie Madikizela-Mandela in 1996, the same year that the press realised he was having a relationship with Graça Machel, the widow of Mozambique’s former president. After heavy prompting by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela and Graça Machel were married on his eightieth birthday, 18 July 1998. Nelson Mandela, died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013. References: h t t p : / / a f r i c a n h i s t o r y. a b o u t . c o m / o d / mandelanelson/a/bio_mandela_3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela http://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/ page/biography
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 8
Health Benefits of
Orange
9
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
Health benefits of oranges
Orange
is a tropical to semitropical, evergreen, small flowering tree growing to about 5 to 8 m tall and bears seasonal fruits that measure about 3 inches in diameter and weigh about 100-150 g. Oranges are classified into two general categories, sweet and bitter, with the former being the type most commonly consumed. Popular sweet-varieties include Valencia, Navel, Persian variety, and blood orange. Oranges are highly beneficial to the body. It offers lots of vitamins, minerals and fibre.
Lower Cholesterol Oranges are full of soluble fiber, which is especially beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber attracts water in your gut, forming a slow-moving gel. As this gel substance travels through your intestinal tract, it picks up some of the excess cholesterol compounds and pushes them out through fecal waste. Your cholesterol levels will go down over time, decreasing your risk of suffering from heart disease. You need 14 grams of total fiber for every 1,000 calories, explains the
Colorado State University Extension website. Having an 1,800-calorie-per-day diet means that you need 16 grams of total fiber. A
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 10
Boost Heart Health Oranges are full of potassium, an electrolyte mineral is responsible for helping the heart function well. When potassium levels get too low, you may develop an abnormal heart rhythm, known as an arrhythmia. Potassium works with other electrolytes, including calcium, magnesium and sodium, to carefully maintain fluid levels both in and around cells. Steady fluid balance allows electricity to conduct through your system, making your heart beat. When potassium levels get too low, you may develop an abnormal heart rhythm, known as an arrhythmia. You need 4,700 milligrams of daily potassium, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. A medium, 2 1/2-inch orange offers nearly 240 milligrams of potassium. Lower Risk of Disease Oranges, and other citrus fruits, are chock-full of vitamin C. One of the roles of vitamin C is to protect cells by neutralizing free radicals. When free radicals build up in your body, they cling to healthy cells, causing permanent damage. Free radicals cause chronic diseases, like cancer and heart disease. Getting adequate amount of daily vitamin C reduces your risk of developing these chronic conditions. Women require 75 milligrams of daily vitamin C, while men need 90 milligrams, notes the Office of Dietary Supplements. You’ll get more than 50 milligrams from one medium, 2 1/2-inch orange.
Good Vision Oranges are rich in vitamin A, which includes a group of compounds that protect your eyes. Carotenoid compounds of vitamin A, like lutein, beta carotene and zeaxanthin, can help prevent age-related macular degeneration, a condition that leads to blindness. While there is not a specified amount of how much of each carotenoid you should get on a daily basis, vitamin A does have a specific recommendation. Vitamin A allows your eyes to absorb light by keeping membranes surrounding your eyes healthy and also lessens your chances of having night blindness. Men require 900 micrograms of daily vitamin A and women need 700 micrograms, the Office of Dietary Supplements explains. One medium, 2 1/2-inch orange has almost 15 micrograms of vitamin A in addition to high amounts of the other vitamin A-related carotenoids. It is advisable to drink juice in moderate amounts. The high sugar content of fruit juices can cause tooth decay and the high acid content can wear away enamel if consumed in excess. References USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference: Oranges, Raw, All Commercial Varieties http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/orangefruit.html http://www.care2.com/greenliving/13health-benefits-of-oranges.html http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefitseating-oranges-4445.html
11
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
DISTRACTED DRIVING
drivers distraction INTRODUCTION Driving is a skill that requires your full attention to safely control your vehicle and respond to events happening on the road around you. Driving involves constant and complex coordination between your mind and body. It also connotes the technical expertise or ability to operate a vehicle or move a vehicle from one pale to the other.
DISTRACTION : Generally signifies actions, scenes that constitutes impediment to ones attention in course of driving. Events or things that prevent you from operating your car safely are distractions. Distractions to driving therefore are actions, behaviour and scenes that divide the driver’s attention in such a manner that will leave him with little or no attention nor concentration on the act of driving that he is currently carrying out. CLASSIFICATION OF DISTRACTION There are three types of distractions which involves anything that takes your: Eyes off the road (which is classified as visual). Mind off the road (cognitive). Hands off the steering wheel (manual) Basically, when you think about the actins you make in your vehicles, other than just driving, you can see that they often involve more than one type of distraction. For instance, if you change your radio station, you take a hand of a steering wheel to press a button, and take your eyes off the road to look what button you want to press. CONDUCTED STUDY ON DISTRACTED DRIVING Over the years it has been observed and noted that distractions in driving are the leading cause of most vehicle crashes and near crashes. According to a study released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Virginia Technical Transportation Institute (VTTI), 80% of the crashes and 65% of near crashes involve some form of driver distraction. The distraction occurred within three seconds before the vehicle crash. SOME OBVIOUS DISTRACTION DRIVING AND HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM a. Dialling D for disaster: cell phone b. Chatting with friends c. Text and go d. Feeling the music e. Fidgeting with the controls f. Preening on the road to make application g. Mail as well and taking it on the road
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 12
Cell Phone use have become so popular these days that many a times we don’t realize when, where and how often we are utilizing our cellular phones. Cell phones use while driving has increase so significantly within the last few years that at any typical day, time, moment as many as 10% of drivers are using either a hand-held or hands-free phone. Studies have however shown that driving performance is lowered and the level of distraction is higher for drivers who are heavily engage in cell phone conversations. It is pertinent to note that the use of hands free device do not lower distraction levels. The percentage of vehicle crashes and near crashes attributes to dialing is nearly identical to the number associated with talking or listening. However, it is of great necessity to make and finish your cell phone calls before you start your vehicle and drive. If you must answer your phone, pull over to a
safe location and park before using your cell phone. Texting is probably one of the best ways to communicate. Instance gratification without disturbing the receiving party and you don’t have to talk to them if you don’t want to. But typing while you are driving is certainly not a good idea. Your two hands are better off on the steering wheel. Best save the task until you are done with driving. Chatting with friends: Young drivers with young passengers tend to get into more accidents than those driving alone. It makes more sense if there is nothing like a friend to tease you or say something compelling to get you take your eyes off the road. If you are behind the wheels it is quite okay to tell your friends “Shut it, I am driving” politely.
13
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013 Feeling the music: Everyone is guilty of blasting on their tunes in the car to accompany their smoking hot chair dancing moves. Although this is common among young drivers. Unfortunately car karaoke can put in danger since you want to be able to hear the horns of other motorists or emergency vehicle sirens. Instead, save the earth thumbing boom for your home. A reasonable low tune will do since you need to hear as well as see when you are on the road. Fidgeting with the controls: It is only natural to fine-tune on the road. If you spend too much time playing with the control, you may be playing with your life. If you want to turn down the flick on cruise control or hit the recirculation button while behind the wheels? Then memorize the layout of your mission control centre before hand so that you can programme, turn things on and off and switch functions without even looking at the dash. Preening on the road: Most times you may think you are saving time by multi tasking as you are putting on makeup or brushing your hair while you drive, but what you are really doing is setting yourself up for a costly lesson in driving while distracted. All it takes is that couple of seconds you look in the mirror for a collision to happen. Perhaps, it will not cause anything just to pretty yourself up when you get to your destination or before you get out of the car. Mail as well as taking it on the road: Sometimes a long drive seems like just the thing to calm you down. In reality, it could be the worst thing to do when you are angry or upset. Driving with anger is like drunk driving. Your judgment is off and truncated, you probably amped up and you don’t realize that you are over pressing the throttle pedal. To prevent an ugly situation from getting uglier, just stay away from anything with wheels until your heart rate has returned to normal. Lost in direction: Reading maps or directions with one hand on the wheel can also be dangerous. Instead map out your location and get a good idea of where you are heading before you get in your car, or pull over if you need to take a closer look at your plan while en route.
Eating while driving: If you are eating in your vehicle while driving, you are focusing on your food and not on your driving. You are not only chewing and swallowing, you are also opening packages, unwrapping and re-wrapping food, spilling, wiping and clearing yourself or your vehicle. These are quite distractions for one driver on one trip. You are quite safer when you stop to eat or drink. Always allow yourself plenty of time to stop, rest from driving and enjoy your meal. Other distractions are reading a newspaper or a book, personal grooming such as hair grooming, smoking and dealing with lighting up, putting out cigarettes, or falling ashes. BASIC TIPS FOR SAFE DRIVING Some of the basic tips that can help you continue to drive and arrive at your destination safely are as follows: a. Ensure all passengers are buckled up properly. b. Be well rested and in the appropriate mindset to drive. Driving while you are upset or angry can be just as dangerous as driving when you are tired. c. Help your teen identify and reduce distraction when he/she is driving. d. Do not tailgate. e. Allow sufficient time to reach your destination. f. Ensure your vehicle is properly maintained. CONCLUSION In this age of multi-tasking, it is common to do more than one task at the same time. You are already multi tasked when you are driving. Your mind and body are working simultaneously to drive your vehicle. You should not add another task on top of what you already need to do to drive safely. Distraction driving reduce your awareness to your driving environment, your decision making process and your driving performance. This result in crashes or nearcrashes and corrective actions to be taken by you and other drivers by been focused, expecting the unexpected and pay absolute attention.
Source:Flagship, June Edition
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 14
Quotable quotes Leadership at workplace
“Start with the end in mind. ” -Stephen R. Covey “In most cases being a good boss means hiring talented people and then getting out of their way.” - Tina Fey, Bossypants “The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it.” - Theodore Roosevelt “Leaders must be close enough to relate to others, but far enough ahead to motivate them.” John C. Maxwell “What’s measured improves” - Peter F. Drucker “Rank does not confer privilege or give power. It imposes responsibility.” - Peter F. Drucker “We have to build the framework in which we will execute the tasks.” - LTG Christianson
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013
15
NATIONAL VEHICLE ROADWORTHINESS INSPECTION REGIME IMPERATIVES FROM AN EMISSIONS PERSPECTIVE
Nigeria
, as a rapidly developing economy, relies extensively on Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) applications: Cars & Trucks, Power Generators, Buses & Trailers, Construction & Farm Equipment, Trains, Airplanes, Ships etc. NIGERIA OPERATING ENVIRONMENT A variety of factors that include: • Bad roads and conveyances • Low octane and cetane fuels • Sub-standard parts and lubricants • Lack of competent and appropriate maintenance regimen • A generally harsh operating environment All combine to subject ICE Applications to a less-than-average life expectancy resulting in higher-than-usual maintenance costs, unmanageable costs profile for businesses that rely on their use, and an overall deficit ownership experience for fleet owners. CRITICAL OPERATIONAL FACTORS The three most critical factors that impact Efficiency, Longevity and Emissions Compliance for ICE Applications are: Engine Cooling Lubrication Fuel The frequency of manual disassembly and re-assembly of critical components to evacuate sludge, soot and residues that build up as a result of deficiencies associ-
ated with these three factors significantly compromises the structural integrity and design parameters of these applications, subjecting them to higher GHG &PM emissions, as well as frequent and unpredictable breakdowns. ROADWORTHINESS & EMISSIONS Emissions is perhaps the most critical element of Roadworthiness for ICE Applications: • On-Road, Power Generation and Construction equipment account for nearly 70% of Nigeria’s Anthropogenic Emissions • Estimates suggest that 60% of ICE applications operating in Nigeria are not Emissions-compliant • The AQI of Lagos Metropolis, for example, ranks among the 10 worst in the world – Dhaka, Bangladesh DIESEL EXHAUST & CANCER GHGs and Climate Change aside, Particulate Matter (PM) from diesel exhaust has been implicated in a host of ailments and Public Health deficiencies: • The World Health Organization (WHO) has, on July 12th 2012, classified Diesel Exhaust fumes as carcinogen responsible for Lung and Bladder Cancers • Diesel Exhaust now ranks with Asbestos, Mustard Gas, Arsenic, Plutonium, Cigarette and Ultra-Violet Radiation as known Cancer Agents • It is most likely that just as Tobacco has now been linked to 20 Cancers, Diesel Exhaust, with further scrutiny, will be linked to more Cancers and ailments in the near future.
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 16 DIESEL EXHAUST COLLATERAL DAMAGE • Increased risk of accidents from Driver/Operator intoxication (‘High’) and fatigue from Benzene and Formaldehyde heavily present in Diesel Exhaust • Increased risk of vehicular accidents and pedestrian casualty from poor and impaired visibility • Defoliation of highways and carriageways and depletion of Flora and Fauna • Decreased CO2 absorption rate by plant life • Contamination of Rainwater and Aquifers LEGAL IMPLICATIONS • Lawsuits by Driver/Operators, Workers Unions and Passengers of Diesel Applications worldwide portend negative consequences for Nigeria’s Diesel-dependent industries • Diesel Applications will most likely have Poison and Hazard Warning labels affixed at point of manufacture, increasing legal liability • Occupational Hazard Insurance will soar and impact operating costs across-theboard ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS • Fleet Operators will hike fees for services to cover Diesel Exhaust liability • Driver/Operator remuneration will increase to cover Health Care & Longevity costs • Non-compliant Diesel Applications may be recalled or ordered out of service, causing major disruptions to Nigeria’s industries-across- the board • Diesel Applications-related workforce will become destabilized, forcing delays and postponements of strategic infrastructural projects IMPERATIVES
VEHICLE/APPLICATION TESTING • ALL Used (Second-Hand) Diesel Applications destined for Nigeria MUST be inspected at point-of-entry, and failing applications brought into compliance with allowable GHG & Opacity limits, starting as soon as possible – NESREA • ALL new ICE Applications destined for Nigeria must evidence compliance with Emissions standards established for use in Nigeria – Diesel & Petrol • ALL Diesel Applications currently in use in Nigeria MUST be subjected to Opacity tests at least twice each year, starting as soon as possible - NESREA IMPERATIVES OPERATOR /TECHNICIAN COMPETENCY • EVERY Commercial Diesel Application operator and Technician shall become documented • EVERY Commercial Diesel Application Operator and Technician shall become certified as knowledgeable and competent with respect to the hazardous nature of Diesel Fumes and strategies to prevent their excessive emissions • EVERY Commercial Diesel Application Operator and Technician shall undergo health screening each year for markers of Cancers and ailments with known association to Diesel Exhaust prolonged exposure IMPERATIVES FLEET OWNERS • EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall keep and maintain a log for each application in use to evidence Hours of Operation, Roadworthiness Certification, Emissions and Opacity Test Records – South Africa, Indonesia, Brazil • EVERY Diesel Fleet owner shall be required to file a Carbon Footprint Document to evidence GHG and PM
17
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER, 2013 Emissions caused by its activities each year – South Africa CPD • EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall make Operator/Technician Documentation, Certification and Health Screening a condition for Hire and continued employment – Brazil, ASEA • EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall provide prescribed PPE to every Operator/ Technician in its employ and make their usage compulsory - ASEA • EVERY Diesel Fleet Owner shall conspicuously display Hazard warnings for Diesel Fumes in Shops, on Equipment and Workspaces, and in Employee Handbook and SHE Manuals
IMPERATIVES REGULATORY AGENCIES • Document and track commercial Diesel Applications in use in Nigeria from cradle-to-grave • Establish, maintain and administer a database on Diesel Application Operators • Ensure that workers whose employment causes them to become exposed to Diesel Fumes are adequately protected and made knowledgeable of the hazards of Diesel Fumes • Ensure Free/Subsidized access to health care for treatment of symptoms with known association to prolonged exposure to Diesel Fumes
TyphoidFever Typhoid Fever is a common medical condition cause by the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It could also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi bacteria. It is an acute illness associated with fever. It could be mild or severe.
usually have any of the following symptoms. Headache Hotness of the body (Fever) Generalized body aches Abdominal aches Nausea Vomiting Change in bowel habit; diarrhoea, constipation DIAGNOSIS Typhoid Fever is diagnosed based on clinical assessment made by the doctor. Investigations using blood and stool samples also help in making diagnosis.
CAUSES / MODE OF TRANSMISSION When food, fruits or water contaminated with these bacteria is/are ingested, typhoid fever may result! After the ingestion of contaminated food or water, the salmonella bacteria invades the intestines and enters the blood stream temporarily. The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the Liver, spleen and bone marrow The bacteria then multiply in these organs TREATMENT The treatment of typhoid fever is by the use and re-enter the blood stream of appropriate antibiotics SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Some people come down with mild illness PREVENTION that easily go unnoticed but they become Hand washing at critical times; after using chronic carriers of the bacteria causing ty- the toilet, before cooking and before eating. Drinking water should be handled under phoid fever. Chronic carriers shed large amounts of the strict hygienic conditions. Food and fruits should be washed and hanbacteria in their stools. People who come down with Overt illness dled under strict hygienic conditions.
FRSC INSIGHT NOVEMBER , 2013 EMERGENCY CALL LINE: 0700- CALL-FRSC (0700-2255-3772) EMERGENCY TEXT MESSAGE LINE: 0807 -769- 0362 FRSC EMERGENCY TOLL FREE LINE ON ALL NETWORKS: 122
frsc emergency
Planning Advisory Unit Converting data into intelligence for making evidence based decision Conducting global monitoring and benchmarking Conducting surveys and internal consulting for departments and corps offices Offering technical assistance and coaching to departments and corps Offices Phone: +234 8077201236 +234 7036136152