Full Circle Magazine #185

adapt,copy,distributeandtransmitthearticlesbutonlyunderthefollowingconditions:you way(atleastaname,emailorURL)andtothismagazinebyname('FullCircleMagazine')andt thearticle(s)inanywaythatsuggeststhattheyendorseyouoryouruseofthework).Ifyoualter,transform,orbuild workunderthesame,similaroracompatiblelicense.

assumedtohaveCanonicalendorsement.

WELCOMETOTHELATESTISSUEOFFULLCIRCLE

We'rebackwithPython,BlenderandInkscape.NoLatexthisissue,butit'lldefinitelybeback nextmonth.SamewithGreg'sMicroseries.FillingthethirdplaceintheHowTosectionisan interestingpieceonwhichdistrotolookatfora32-bitmachine.GonearethedaysofwhenUbuntu usedtorunonanything.Unfortunately,32-bitmachines,whicharestillcapable,arebeingignored bymostdistros.Whichisashame.Asitalmostencouragespeopletodumpthem.

ContinuingAdam'sreviewsof22.04*buntu'swehaveUbuntuUnity.HisnonDebianwildcard thismonthisKaOS.RichardcontinueshislookatDiaforcreatingflowcharts.Andwhodoesn'tlove agoodflowchart?SendyouranswersonapostcardtoRichard.

Recently,Iboughta3Dprinter.Ihadonemanymoonsago.IwroteaboutitinbackissuesofFCM andwhileitwasgood,itwasajusttoobig.That,andthecompanywentbellyup.Thisoneismore compact.Yes,itworksjustgreatwithLinux(usingCudaforslicing).I'llmaybereviewit,butthere's notmuchtosay.Filesarecopiedtoacardastheprinterisstandalone.Anyway,Idigress,Idecided thatitwastimetolearnCADforcreatingmyownbits.IchoseFreeCAD.I'mhopingtowriteashort seriesonusingFreeCADtocreatebasicstuff.Staytuned!

Don'tforget:ifyou'relookingforsomehelp,advice,orjustachitchat: remember,wehaveaTelegramgroup:https://t.me/joinchat/24ec1oMFO1ZjZDc0. Ihopetoseeyouthere.Comeandsayhello.

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N

S

HDDSUPERCLONECODE, SOFTWAREFORCOPYING INFORMATIONFROMFAULTY

HARDDRIVES:

22/08/2022

Thesourcecodeoftheprogram, forcopyinginformationfrom faultyharddrivesHDDSuperClone,whichallowsyou toextractstoreddatafromdisks withreaderrorsorunstable operationofindividualmagnetic heads.Thereasonfortherelease ofthesourcecodeisthelackof timetomaintaintheproject.The codeisopenundertheGPLv2 license(licenseismentionedinside thecodefiles).Thecodewas publishedinatararchive,but enthusiastsonGitHubhavealready createdarepository,inwhichthey plantocontinuethedevelopment oftheproject.

Initially,theprojectwas suppliedinbinaryfilesundera EULAagreementanddevelopedas anadvancedalternativetotheGNU ddrescueutility,expandingits capabilities.Previouslyitwas

availableonlyforhardwaresystems forcloningfailuressuchas DeepSparDDI4andRapidSpar. HDDSuperClonesupportsthe importandexportoffileswith ddrescuelogs,whichallowsyouto switchbetweenthesetwoutilities ifnecessary. http://www.hddsuperclone.com/ sitev1/hddsuperclone/purchase BUDGIE10.6.3: 22/08/2022

Theorganization,Buddiesof Budgie,whichoverseesthe developmentoftheprojectafter itsseparationfromtheSolus distribution,introducedareleaseof Budgie10.6.3.Budgie10.6.x continuestodevelopaclassiccode basebasedonGNOMEtechnology anditsownGNOMEshell implementation.Inthenearfuture, theyexpecttostartthe developmentoftheBudgie11,a branchinwhichtheyplanto separatethefunctionalityofthe desktop,fromthelayerthat providesvisualizationandoutputof information,whichwillallowyouto

abstractfromspecificgraphic libraries,andimplementfull supportfortheWaylandprotocol. Theprojectcodeisdistributed undertheGPLv2license.Youcan usedistributionssuchasUbuntu Budgie,Solus,GeckoLinuxand EndeavourOStofamiliarizeyourself withBudgie. https://github.com/solus-project/ budgie-desktop

RELEASEOFCROSSOVER22: 23/08/2022

CodeWeavershasreleased

Crossover22,basedonthe Winecodeanddesignedtorun programsandgameswrittenfor theWindowsplatform. CodeWeaversisoneofthekey participantsoftheWineproject, sponsorsitsdevelopmentand returns alltheinnovations implementedforitscommercial products,totheproject.The originalcodeoftheCrossOver22 opencomponentscanbe downloadedonthispage:https:// www.codeweavers.com/products/ more-information/source

https://www.codeweavers.com/ support/forums/announce/? t=24;msg=266857

STABLERELEASEOF

MARIADB10.9: 23/08/2022

Thefirststablereleaseofthe newbranchofMariaDB10.9 (10.9.2)DBMShasbeenpublished, anoffshootfromMySQL,which retainsbackwardcompatibilityand theintegrationofadditional storageenginesandadvanced capabilities.Thedevelopmentof MariaDBissupervisedbythe independentMariaDBFoundation inaccordancewithanopenand transparentdevelopmentprocess, independentofindividual manufacturers.MariaDBisshipped insteadofMySQLinmanyLinux distributions(RHEL,SUSE,Fedora, openSUSE,Slackware, OpenMandriva,ROSA,ArchLinux, Debian)andhasbeenimplemented inlargeprojectssuchasWikipedia, GoogleCloudSQLandNimbuzz.

fullcirclemagazine#185 4 contents^ SubmittedbyErikTheUnready

https://mariadb.org/mariadb-10-101rcand1092ganowavailable/ RELEASEOFI2P: 23/08/2022

Wejustsawthereleaseofthe

anonymousnetworkprotocol

I2P1.9.0andC++-clienti2pd2.43.0. I2Pisamulti-layeredanonymous distributednetworkrunningontop oftheconventionalInternet, activelyusingend-to-end encryptionthatguarantees anonymityandisolation.The networkisbuiltinP2Pmodeandis formedthankstotheresources (paths)providedbynetworkusers, whichallowsyoutodowithoutthe useofcentrallymanagedservers. (communicationswithinthe networkarebasedontheuseof encryptedunidirectionaltunnels betweentheparticipantand peers). https://geti2p.net/en/blog/post/ 2022/8/22/1.9.0-Release

THUNDERBIRD102.2.0: 24/08/2022

TheThunderbird102.2.0mail

clientisavailable,which includesthefollowingchanges:

• Addedconfigurationfor mail.openpp.remind_encryption_po ssibletodisabletheoutputofthe reminderofencryptionsupport usingOpenPGP.

• Workhasbeendonetoreduce thelaunchtime.

• Theconclusionoftheofferfor theimportofincompleteOpenPGP keyswasterminated.

• Theselectionofdictionariesin themenuassociatedwiththespell checkbuttonnowdoesnotleadto thesuddenclosingofthemenu.

• Problemswithviolationofthe orderofthelineswithaddresses havebeensolved.

• Theupliftingofthelittlethingsin theinterfaceandtheyimproved thedesigntheme.

Thunderbirdwillnolongeroffer toimportOpenPGPkeysthatare incomplete

changed

• Selectingorunselectinga dictionaryintheSpellingcompose toolbarbuttonwillnolonger immediatelyclosethemenu; Makingdictionarychangesviathe editorcontextmenuwillcontinue toclosethecontextmenu changed

• Contactaddresslinesarenow adjustedtoappearintheexpected order changed:

• Custom1-4fieldsrestoredto AddressBookUI;existingdatais preservedfrompre-102profiles

Plusvarioussecurityfixes https://www.thunderbird.net/enUS/thunderbird/102.2.0/ releasenotes/#whatsnew FLATPAK1.14.0RELEASED: 24/08/2022

AnewstablebranchofFlatpak

1.14isout,whichprovidesa systemforassemblingselfsufficientpackagesthatarenot tiedtospecificLinuxdistributions andexecutedinaspecialcontainer thatinsulatestheapplicationfrom therestofthesystem.Supportfor Flatpakpackagesareprovidedfor ArchLinux,CentOS,Debian,Fedora, Gentoo,Mageia,Linux,AltLinux andUbuntu.PackageswithFlatpak areincludedintheFedora repositoryandaresupportedinthe

GNOMEapplicationmanagement program. https://lists.freedesktop.org/ archives/flatpak/2022-August/ 002269.html

CEMU,NINTENDOWIIU

EMULATOR: 24/08/2022

ThereleaseofCemu2.0emulator,whichallowsyouto rungamesandapplicationscreated fortheNintendoWiiUgame consoleonaconventionalPCisout. Thereleaseisnotableforthe openingoftheproject'ssource codeandthetransitiontoanopen developmentmodel,aswellas providingsupportfortheLinux platform.ThecodeiswritteninC++ andisopenunderthefreelicense ofMPL2.0.

Theemulatorhasbeenevolving since2014,buthassofarbeen suppliedintheformofa proprietaryapplicationfor Windows.Recently,the developmentwascarriedoutonly bythefounderoftheprojectand ateallhisfreetime,leavingno opportunitytoengageinother projects.TheauthorCemuhopes

thatthetransitiontoanopen developmentmodelwillattract newdevelopersandturnCemuinto ajointproject.Atthesametime, theauthordoesnotstopworking onCemuandintendstocontinueto developit,butwithoutspendingall histimeonit.

Thereareready-madebinaries forWindowsandUbuntu20.04.For therestoftheLinuxdistributions, thryproposetobuildit.TheLinux portuseswxWidgetsontopofthe GTK3.TheSDLlibraryisusedto interactwithinputdevices.A graphicscardwithsupportfor OpenGL4.5orVulkan1.1is required.Thereissupportfor Wayland,butassemblyforthe environmentsbasedonthis protocolhasnotbeentested.The plansmentionthecreationof universalpackagesinthe AppImagesandFlatpakformat.

https://www.reddit.com/r/cemu/ comments/wwa22c/ cemu _ 20 _ announcement _ linux _ buil ds _opensource_and/ LINUX'SCOREIS31YEARS

OLD: 25/08/2022

OnAugust25,1991,afterfive monthsofdevelopment,21year-oldstudentLinusTorvalds announcedinateleconference comp.os.minix,thecreationofa workingprototypeofthenewLinux operatingsystem,forwhichthe portofthebash1.08andgcc1.40 werenoted.Thefirstpublicrelease oftheLinuxkernelwasunveiledon September17.Thecore0.0.1hada sizeof62Kbinacompressedform andcontainedabout10thousand

linesofsourcecode.TheLinux kernelhasmorethan30million linesofcode.Accordingtoastudy conductedin2010byorderofthe EuropeanUnion,theapproximate costofdevelopmentfromscratch ofaprojectsimilartothemodern Linuxkernelwouldbemorethana billionUSdollars(calculatedwhen therewere13millionlinesofcode inthecore),accordingtoother estimates-morethan3billion.

TheLinuxkernelwascreated mimickingoftheMINIXoperating system,whichdidnotsuitLinus withitslimitedlicense. Subsequently,whenLinuxbecame afamousproject,ill-wisherstriedto accuseLinusofdirectlycopyingthe codeofsomeMINIXsubsystems. TheattackwasrepelledbyAndrew Tanenbaum,theauthorofMINIX, whocommissionedoneofthe studentstomakeadetailed

comparisonofthecodeofthe Minixandthefirstpublicversions ofLinux.Theresultsofthestudy showedthepresenceofonlyfour insignificantcoincidencesofcode blocksduetotherequirementsof POSIXandANSIC.

Initially,Linusintendedtocallit Freax,fromthewords"Free," "freak"andX(Unix).Butthename oftheLinuxkernelwasobtained fromthelighthandofAriLemmke, who,attherequestofLinus,placed thecoreontheFTPserverofthe university,callingthedirectorywith thearchivenotFreax,asaskedby Torvalds,butbyLinux.Itis noteworthythattheenterprising businessmanWilliamDellaCroce managedtoregisterthetrademark of"Linux"andwantedtocollect royaltiesovertime,butlater changedandtransferredallthe rightstothetrademarkLinus.The officialLinuxmascot,theTux penguin,wasselectedasaresultof acompetitionheldin1996.Tux standsforTorvaldsUniX.

GNOMEINTRODUCEDA

TOOLKITFORCOLLECTING

TELEMETRY:

25/08/2022

DevelopersfromRedHatannouncedthereadinessof thegnome-info-collecttoolto collecttelemetryaboutthe systemsthatusetheGNOME environment.Userswishingto participateinthedatacollection areofferedready-madepackages forUbuntu,openSUSE,ArchLinux andFedora.

Theinformationwillanalyzethe preferencesofGNOMEusersand takethemintoaccountwhen makingdecisionsrelatedto improvingtheeaseofoperation andthedevelopmentoftheshell. Withthehelpofthedatareceived, developerswillbeabletobetter understandtheneedsofusersand highlighttheareasofactivitythat shouldbegivenpriority.

duplicatestothedata,ahashand saltcreatedbasedonthecomputer identifier(/etc/machine-id)and usernameisattached.Before sending,thedatapreparedfor transferisshowntotheuserto confirmtheoperation.Thedata thatcanbeusedtoidentifythe system,suchastheIPaddressand theexacttimeontheuser'sside, arefilteredoutandnotloggedon theserver.

COMPIZMANAGERUPDATE

0.9.14.2: 25/08/2022

Gnomeinfocollectisasimple client-serverapplicationthat collectssystemdataandtransfers ittotheGNOMEserver.Thedatais processedanonymously,without savinginformationaboutspecific usersandhosts,buttoexclude

Amongtheinformation collectedare:thedistributionused, hardwareparameters(including manufacturerandmodeldata),the listofinstalledapplications,thelist ofselectedapplications (downboard),theavailabilityof supportforFlatpakandaccessto theFlathubinGNOMESoftware, thetypesofaccountsusedin GNOMEonline,includedshared accessservices(DA,VV,RDP,SSH), virtualdesktopsettings,the numberofusersinthesystem. https://blogs.gnome.org/aday/ 2022/08/25/help-improve-gnome/

Almostthreeyearsafterthepublicationofthelastupdate, areleaseofthecompositemanager Compiz0.9.14.2,usingOpenGLto outputgraphics(windowsare processedastexturesusing GLX _ EXT _ texture _frompixmap)and providingaflexiblesystemof pluginstoimplementeffectsand expandfunctionalitywas announced.

Amongthemostnotable changesinthenewversionisthe implementationofsupportfor properties GTK WORKAREAS D numberand _ GNOME _ WM _ STRUT _AREA,which allowsyoutoimprove configurationswithmultiple monitors.Previously,these propertieswereaddedtotheGTK library,Mutterwindowmanager andMetacitycompositemanager.

Inaddition,Compiz0.9.14.2has establishedbuildsupportinnew versionsoftheGCC,solved problemswiththeoperationof pluginsblurandopenglonsystems withOpenGLES,stoppedthepath

changeforpkg-config,added supportfortheassemblymode Unity(Jumbo)inCMake. https://launchpad.net/compiz https://lists.freedesktop.org/ archives/compiz/2022-August/ 003539.html

RELEASEOFLUTRIS0.5.11: 26/08/2022

ThegameplatformLutris0.5.11 wasreleased,providingtoolsto simplifytheinstallation, configurationandmanagementof gamesinLinux.Theprojectcodeis writteninPythonanddistributed undertheGPLv3license.

fullcirclemagazine#185 7 contents^ NEWS Theprojectsupportsacatalog forquicksearchandinstallationof gameapplications,allowingyouto rungamesinoneclickthrougha singleinterfacewithoutworrying aboutinstallingdependenciesand settings.Runtimecomponentsfor launchinggamesaresuppliedby theprojectandarenotlinkedto thedistributionused.Runtimeisa distributionbasedlibrarysuitethat includescomponentsfrom SteamOSandUbuntu,aswellas variousadditionallibraries.

Itispossibletoinstallgames distributedthroughGOG,Steam, EpicGamesStore,Battle.net,Origin andUplay.Atthesametime,Lutris itselfactsonlyasanintermediary anddoesnotsellgames,sofor commercialgames,theusermust independentlypurchasethegame inthecorrespondingservice(free gamescanberunwithoneclick fromtheLutrisgraphical interface).

EachgameinLutrisistiedtothe downloadscriptandthehandler describingtheenvironmenttorun thegame.Itincludesready-made profileswithoptimalsettingsfor thelaunchofgamesunderthe controlofWine.Inadditionto Wine,thegamescanberunusing emulatorsofgameconsoles,such asRetroArch,Dosbox,FS-UAE, ScummVM,MESS/MAMEand Dolphin.

ServerGamescopeonsystemswith NVIDIA515+drivers,the implementationofsupportforthe emulatorsoftheGnomeConsole terminalandDeepTerminal. https://github.com/lutris/lutris/ releases/tag/v0.5.11

Improvementsinthenew releasehighlightstheprovisionof integrationwiththeAmazon Gamesservice,theadditionof componentsforthelaunchof emulatorssuchasSheepShaver, BasilikIIandMinivacas,theability tousevariablesinthescriptsinthe URL,theinclusionoftheComposite

CLOUDFLAREHASOPENED

PGBOUNCER: 26/08/2022

Cloudflarehaspublishedthe sourcecodeofthePgBouncer proxyserver,usedtomaintaina poolofopenconnectionstoa PostgreSQLdatabase.PgBouncer allowsapplicationsaccessto PostgreSQLthroughalready installedconnectionstoexcludethe constantexecutionofrecurrent openingandclosingoperationsand reducingthenumberofactive connectionstoPostgreQL.

Thechangesproposedinthe forkareaimedatmorestringent insulationofresourcesatthelevel ofindividualdatabases(custom loadontheCPU,memory consumptionandinput/output intensity)andprovidealimitonthe

numberofconnectionsinthe referencetotheuserandpool connections.Forexample,the publishedforkhastheabilityto limitthesizeofthepoolof connectionsforeachuser,correctly workinginconfigurationswith authenticationbythehostname (HBA,host-basedauthentication). Inaddition,supportfordynamic changesinrestrictionsonthe numberofconnectionsfromeach userhasbeenadded,whichallows youtomoreflexiblyreduceusers sendingmanyresource-intensive requests. https://blog.cloudflare.com/opensourcing-our-fork-of-pgbouncer/

RELEASEOF

NETWORKMANAGER1.40.0: 27/08/2022

Astablereleaseoftheinterface tosimplifynetworksettings,is available NetworkManager1.40.0. PluginsforVPNsupport (Libreswan,OpenConnect, Openswan,SSTP,etc.)Theyare developingitaspartoftheirown developmentcycle.

MainInnovationsinclude:

fullcirclemagazine#185 8 contents^ NEWS Thenmccommand-lineinterface implementsthe"--offline"flag, whichallowsyoutoprocess connectionprofilesinkeyfile formatwithoutaccessingthe NetworkManagerbackground process.Inparticular,whenyou create,display,deleteandchange thesettingstiedtothenetwork interface,the"nmcliconnection" teamcannowworkwithout accessingtheNetworkManager backgroundprocessviaD-Bus.For example,whenrunningthe command"nmcli--offline connectionadd...thenmcliutility willnotsendarequesttothe backgroundprocessforaddinga connectionprofile,butwilldirectly displaythecorrespondingblockof settingsinthekeyfileformatinthe stdout,whichallowsyoutouse nmcliinscriptstogenerateand changetheprofilesofthe connections.Toactivatethe createdprofile,itcanbesavedin the/etc/NetworkManager/systemconnectionsdirectory. https://networkmanager.dev/blog/ networkmanager-1-40/

DEBIANPROJECTSTARTS

GENERALVOTINGON

PROPRIETARYFIRMWARE: 27/08/2022

TheDebianprojectannounceda generalvoteoftheproject developersonthesupplyof proprietaryfirmwareaspartof officialinstallationimagesandlive collections.(Until2September)

Therewillbeaphaseofdiscussion oftheitemsputtothevote,after whichthecollectionofvoteswill begin.Therighttovoteisavailable toaboutathousanddevelopers involvedinthesupportofpackages andmaintenanceofDebian infrastructure.

Recently,equipment manufacturersareincreasingly resortingtotheuseofexternal firmwaredownloadedbythe operatingsystem,insteadof supplyingfirmwareinconstant memoryonthedevicesthemselves. Thesetypeofexternalfirmwareis neededbymanymoderngraphic, soundandnetworkadapters.At thesametime,thequestionis ambiguoushowthesupplyof proprietaryfirmwarecorrelates withtherequirementofdeliveryof onlyfreesoftwareinthemain

Debianassemblies,sincethe firmwareisperformedonhardware devices,andrelatetothe equipment.Onmoderncomputers, loadedwithevencompletelyfree distributions,thereisfirmware builtintotheequipment.Theonly differenceisthatinsomefirmware isloadedbytheoperatingsystem, whileothersarealreadyembedded intheROMorFlashmemory.

https://lists.debian.org/debiandevel-announce/2022/08/ msg00001.html

RELEASEOFGIMP2.99.12: 28/08/2022

GIMP2.99.12isavailablefor testing,whichcontinuesthe developmentofthefunctionalityof thefuturestablebranchGIMP3.0, whichmadethetransitiontoGTK3, whichaddedstandardsupport WaylandandHiDPI,carriedouta significantcleaningofthecode base,proposedanewAPIforthe developmentofplugins,cachingof drawingshasbeenimplemented, supportfortheallocationofseveral layers(Multi-layer)andprovided withediting.Forinstallationa packageisavailableinflatpak format(org.gimp.GIMPinflathub-

betarepository),aswellasbuilds forWindowsandmacOS. https://www.gimp.org/news/ 2022/08/27/gimp-2-99-12-released/

RELEASEOFMXLINUX

21.2:

28/08/2022

Thereleaseofthelightweight distribution,MXLinux21.2, createdasaresultofthe collaborationofcommunities formedaroundtheprojectsof antiXandMEPIS,wasannounced. ThereleaseisbasedonDebianwith improvementsfromtheantiX projectandpackagesfromitsown repository.Thedistributionuses thesysVinitinitializationsystem anditsowntoolsforsettingupand deployingthesystem.32bitand 64-bitbuilds(1.8GB,x86 64,i386) withXfcedesktopareavailablefor download,aswellas64-bitbuilds (2.4GB)withKDEdesktopand minimalisticbuilds(1.4GB)with fluxboxwindowmanager.

https://mxlinux.org/blog/mx-21-2wildflower-released/

RELEASEOFMXLINUX

21.2:

29/08/2022

MXLinux21.2,createdasaresultofthecollaborationof communitiesfromantiXandMEPIS, isout.Thereleaseisbasedon Debianwithimprovementsfrom theantiXprojectandpackages fromitsownrepository.The distributionusesthesysVinit initializationsystemanditsown toolsforsettingupanddeploying thesystem.32-bitand64-bitbuilds (1.8GB,x86 64,i386)withXfce desktopareavailablefordownload, aswellas64-bitbuilds(2.4GB)with KDEdesktopandminimalistic assemblies(1.4GB)withfluxbox windowmanager. MX-21.2isthesecondrefreshof theMX-21release,consistingof bugfixes,kernels,andapplication updatessinceouroriginalrelease ofMX-21.Ifyouarealreadyrunning MX-21,thereisnoneedtoreinstall. Packagesareallavailablethruthe regularupdatechannel. https://mxlinux.org/blog/mx-21-2wildflower-released/

BASEDONSWAY,APORTOF LXQT,ISBEINGDEVELOPED: 30/08/2022

Thelxqt-swayproject,which portsthecomponentsofthe usershell,LXQttoworkinSway andacompositemanagerusingthe Waylandprotocol,hasbeen published.Inthecurrentform,the projectresemblesahybridoftwo. TheLXQtsettingsareconvertedto aSwayconfigurationfile.

Toperformoperationssuchas changingthevirtualdesktop, splittingandclosingwindows, additionalmenusareimplemented, whichallowsyoutosimplifythe managementofwindowsandmake theworkmoreunderstandablefor usersaccustomedtotheclassical layoutofwindows,andnotusedin theSwaymosaiclayoutwiththe controlofthekeyboard.

Therisanattempttoportthe lxqt-panelpanel,withthelayershell-qtpluginKDE.Insteadoflxqtpanelinlxqt-sway,thelxqt-swayis currentlyoffereditsownsimple yatbfwpanel.

https://cartaslinux.wordpress.com/ 2022/08/28/lxqtswayusandolxqt para-hacer-que-sway-sea-masamigable/ FEDORALINUX39PLANSTO DISABLESHA-1-BASED SIGNATURESSUPPORTBY

DEFAULT: 30/8/2022

ThedevelopersoftheFedora

projecthaveoutlinedaplanto disablesupportfordigital signaturesbasedontheSHA-1 algorithminFedoraLinux39.The disconnectioninvolvesthe cessationofconfidencein signaturesthatuseSHA-1hashes, buttheypreserveHMAsupport withSHA-1andtheabilitytoenable LEGACY-profilewithSHA-1.After thechanges,theOpenSSLlibrary willstartblockingthegeneration andverificationofsignatureswith SHA-1bydefault.

Theyareplanningtodisablein severalstages:InFedoraLinux36 and37signaturesbasedonSHA-1 willbeexcludedfromthe"FUTURE" policy,thetestpolicyTESTFEDORA39todisableSHA-1atthe

requestoftheuser,whencreating andverifyingsignaturesbasedon SHA-1,warningswillbedisplayed. Intheprocessofpreparingthe releaseofFedoraLinux38before thebuildingofthebetaversionin therawhiderepository,apolicywill beappliedprohibitingtheuseof SHA-1signatures,butinthebeta andreleaseofFedoraLinux38this changewillnotapply.Intherelease ofFedoraLinux39,policieswith theterminationofsupportfor signaturesbasedonSHA-1willbe appliedbydefault.

Theplanhasnotyetbeen consideredbytheFESCo(Fedora EngineeringSteeringCommittee), responsibleforthetechnicalpartof thedevelopmentoftheFedora distribution.Theterminationof supportforsignaturesbasedon SHA-1isduetoanincreaseinthe effectivenessofcollisionattacks withthegivenprefix(thecostof theselectionofthecollisionis estimatedatseveraltensof thousandsofdollars).Togive perspective,inbrowsers, certificatescertifiedusingtheSHA1algorithmaremarkedas unprotectedsincemid2016.

https://www.mail-archive.com/ devel

announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/ msg02882.html

APACHEOPENOFFICE

PASSED333MILLION

DOWNLOADS: 31/08/2022

ThedevelopersoftheApache

OpenOfficeofficepackage announcedsurpassing333million downloads(accordingto SourceForgestatistics 352 million),madesincethefirst releaseoftheApacheOpenOffice inMay2012.Thefrontierof300 milliondownloadswasreachedat theendofOctober2020,200 millionattheendofNovember 2016,and100millioninApril2014.

Statisticstakeintoaccount downloadsofallversions,starting withApacheOpenOffice3.4.0and endingwith4.1.13.Ofthe333 million-297.9milliondownloads aremadebybuildsfortheWindows platform,31.6million macOSand 4.7million-Linux.Apache OpenOfficeismostpopularinthe UnitedStates(55million),France (44million),Germany(35million),

Italy(28million),Spain(17million) andRussia(15million).

Despitethestagnationofthe project,thepopularityofApache OpenOfficeremainstangibleand everydaycontinueddownloadof about50thousandcopiesof ApacheOpenOffice.Thepopularity ofApacheOpenOfficeis comparabletoLibreOffice,for example,thereleaseofApache OpenOffice4.1.13inthefirstweek gained424thousanddownloads, forthesecond-574thousand,and forthemonth1.7million,while LibreOffice7.3.0inthefirstweek wasdownloaded675,000times.

https://blogs.apache.org/OOo/ entry/more-than-333-milliondownloads

virtualizationmodeinQEMU,the performanceofcodeinanisolated environmentisclosetothe hardwaresystembydirectly executinginstructionsontheCPU andtheuseoftheXenhypervisor orKVMmodule.

modelsoftheRaspberryPi,Orange Pi,BananaPi,Helios64,pine64, NanopiandCubieboardprocessors basedonAllwinner,Amlogic, Actionsemi,Freescale,Marvel, Marthac,andMartha,Martax,and Mac.

assembledforprocessorsbasedon thex86architecture.ZFSisusedas

RELEASEOFTHEQEMU

7.1: 31/08/2022

Asanemulator,QEMUallows youtorunaprogrambuiltfor onehardwareplatformonasystem withacompletelydifferent architecture,forexample,to executeanapplicationforARMon anx86-compatiblePC.In

Theprojectwasoriginally createdbyFabriceBellardtoenable thelaunchofx86Linuxexecutables onarchitecturesotherthanx86. Overtheyears,supportfor completeemulationfor14 hardwarearchitectureshasbeen added,andthenumberof hardwaredevicesemulatedhas exceeded400.Inthepreparationof version7.1,morethan2,800 changesfrom238developerswere made. https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/ html/qemudevel/202208/ msg04598.html

DebianandUbuntupackage basesareusedforbuilds,butthe environmentiscompletely reassembledusingitsownbuild systemwiththeinclusionof optimizationstoreducesize, increaseproductivityanduseof additionalprotectionmechanisms. Forexample,the/var/logsectionis mountedusingzramandstoredin RAMinacompressedformwith resettothedataonthestorage onceadayorattheendof operation.The/tmpsectionis mountedusingtmpfs.

afilesystem.Weofferready-made packagestolaunchcustom environmentsbasedonKDE, GNOME,Budgie,Cinnamon,i3-wm, Mate,XfceandXmonad. https://www.armbian.com/ newsflash/armbian-22-08/ RELEASEOFUBUNTU

20.04.5LTSWITH GRAPHICALSTACKAND

ARMBIAN22.08: 01/09/2022

ThereleaseofArmbian22.08, providingacompactsystem environmentforvarioussingleboardcomputersbasedonARM processors,includingvarious

Theprojectsupportsmorethan 30Linuxkernelbuildsfordifferent ARMandARM64platforms.To simplifythecreationoftheir systemimages,packagesand distributioneditions,aSDKis provided.ZSWAPisusedforpaging. WhenenteringtheSSH,anoptionis providedfortheuseoftwo-factor authentication.Thecomposition includesthebox64emulator,which allowsyoutorunprograms

fullcirclemagazine#185 11 contents^ NEWS KERNELUPDATE: 01/09/2022 Ubuntu20.04.5LTShasbeen updated,whichincludes changesrelatedtoimproved hardwaresupport,Linuxkerneland graphicsstackupdate,bugfixesin theinstalleranddownloader.The compositionalsoincludesup-todateupdatesforseveralhundred packagesrelatedtotheelimination ofvulnerabilitiesandproblems affectingstability.Similarupdates toUbuntuBudgie20.04.5LTS, Kubuntu20.04.5LTS,UbuntuMATE 20.04.5LTS,UbuntuMATE20.04.5 LTS,UbuntuStudio20.04.5LTS, Lubuntu20.04.5LTS,Xubing20.04.5

LTSandXubuntu20.04.5LTSare presented.

Inthebuildsforthedesktopthe newcoreandthegraphicalstack areofferedbydefault.Forserver builds,anewkernelisaddedasan optionintheinstaller.Itmakes sensetousenewbuildsonlyfor newinstallations-systemsinstalled earliercangetallchangespresent inUbuntu20.04.5throughthe systemofupdatinginstallation.

Recallthatforthedeliveryof newversionsofthekerneland graphicalstack,arolling-based updatesupportmodelisused, whereback-portedkernelsand driverswillbesupportedonlyuntil thenextcorrectiveupdateofthe LTSversionoftheUbuntuLTS.So, theLinux5.13kernelproposedin thelastissue(Ubuntu20.04.4)was supporteduntilthereleaseofthe currentversion,butnowthekernel fromUbuntu22.04isproposed, namely5.15LTS.Initially,thebase core5.4willbemaintained throughoutthefive-yearcycleof support. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ ubuntu-announce/2022-September/ 000283.html

LINUXFROMSCRATCH11.2 ANDBEYONDLINUXFROM SCRATCH11.2: 02/09/2022

RELEASEOFTHEOBS

STUDIO28.0: 02/09/2022

NeweditionsofLinuxfromScratch11.2(LFS)andBeyond LinuxFromScratch11.2(BLFS) edits,aswellasLFSandBLFSwith systemdsystemdmanagementare presented.InLinuxFromScratch, instructionsaregiventocreatea basicLinuxsystemfromscratch, usingonlythesourcecodeofthe necessarysoftware.BeyondLinux FromScratchcomplementsLFS instructionswithinformationon howtobuildandconfigurateabout 1,000softwarepackagescovering variousapplications,fromDBMS andserversystems,tographic shellsandmediaplayers. https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/ sympa/arc/lfsannounce/202209/ msg00000.html

OBSStudio28.0,apackagefor streaming,compositingand videorecording,isout.Thecodeis writteninC/C++andisdistributed undertheGPLv2license.Thebuilds areforLinux,WindowsandmacOS.

Thepurposeofthe developmentofOBSStudiowasto createaportableversionofthe OpenBroadcasterSoftware(OBS Classic)application,nottiedtothe Windowsplatform,whichsupports OpenGLandisextensiblethrough plugins.Thedifferenceisalsothe useofmodulararchitecture,which involvestheseparationofthe interfaceandthecoreofthe program.Itsupportstherecoding oforiginalstreams,videocapture duringgamesandstreamingin Twitch,FacebookGaming,YouTube, DailyMotion,Hitboxandother services.Toensurehigh performance,hardware accelerationmechanisms(e.g., NVENCandVAAPI)canbeused.

Supportisprovidedfor compositingwiththeconstruction ofthescenebasedonarbitrary

videostreams,datafromweb cameras,videocapturemaps, images,textcontentofapplications ortheentirescreen.Intheprocess ofbroadcasting,youareallowedto switchbetweenseveralpredefined scenes(forexample,toswitch performanceswithanemphasison thecontentofthescreenandan imagefromawebcamera).The programalsoprovidestoolsfor mixingsound,filteringwithVST plugins,levelingvolumeandnoise suppression. https://github.com/obsproject/obsstudio/releases/tag/28.0.0

RELEASEOFNMAP7.93, TIMEDTOTHE25TH

ANNIVERSARYOFTHE

PROJECT: 02/09/2022

Availablenow,isthenetwork

securityscannerNmap7.93, designedtoaudityournetworkand identifyactivenetworkservices. Thereleasewasonthedayofthe 25thanniversaryoftheproject. Overtheyears,theprojecthas beentransformedfromaconcept portscanner,publishedin1997in

thejournal'Phrack'intoafully functionalapplicationfornetwork protectionanalysisandthe definitionofserverapplications used.Thereleasemainlyincludes fixesandimprovementsaimedat improvingstabilityandsolving knownproblemsbeforestarting workonthenewNmap8branch.

https://seclists.org/nmap-announce/ 2022/1

THEWEBOSOPENSOURCE

EDITION2.18: 02/09/2022

ThewebOSOpenSourceEdition

2.18platform,whichcanbe usedonvariousportabledevices, boardsandcarinfotainment systems,hasbeenpublished.The RaspberryPi4boardsare consideredasthereference hardwareplatform.Theplatformis developinginapublicrepository undertheApache2.0license,and thedevelopmentissupervisedby thecommunity,adheringtoajoint developmentmanagementmodel.

Pixiesmartphones.In2010,after theacquisitionofPalm,the platformpassedintothehandsof Hewlett-Packard,whotriedtouse thisplatforminitsprinters,tablets, laptopsandPCs.In2012,HP announcedthetranslationofthe webOSintoanindependentopen projectandin2013beganopening thesourcecodeofitscomponents. In2013,theplatformwasbought byLGfromHewlettPackardandis nowusedonmorethan70million LGTVsandconsumerdevices.In 2018,theWebOSOpenSource Editionprojectwasfounded, throughwhichLGtriedtoreturnto anopendevelopmentmodel, attractotherparticipantsand expandtherangeofdevices supportedinwebOS.

https://www.webosose.org/blog/ 2022/09/02/webos-ose-2-18-0release/

builtonDebian,KDEtechnologies andtheOpenRCinitialization system.Theprojectoffersitsown desktopNXDesktop,whichisan add-onovertheuserenvironment ofKDEPlasma.BasedontheMaui library,asetoftypicaluser applicationsthatcanbeusedon bothdesktopandmobiledevicesis beingdeveloped.AppImagesis beingpromotedtoinstall additionalapplications.Thesizeof thefullbootimageis1.9GB,and theJWMwindowmanageris1.3 GB.Theprojectisdistributedunder freelicenses.

https://nxos.org/changelog/ release-announcement-nitrux-2-40/

ThewebOSplatformwas originallydevelopedbyPalmin 2008andwasusedonPalmPreand

RELEASEOFNITRUX2.4: 02/09/2022

Nitrux2.4.0,aswellasanew releaseoftheMauiKit2.2.0 libraryassociatedwithitwith componentsforbuildinguser interfaces,isout.Thedistributionis

TheNXDesktopdesktopoffers adifferentstyledesign,itsown implementationofthesystemtray, notificationoutputcenterand variousplasmoids,suchasa networkconnectorandmultimedia applettocontrolthevolumeand controltheplaybackofmultimedia content.Oftheapplications createdusingtheMauiKit framework,notethefilemanager Index(youcanalsouseDolphin), texteditorNote,Stationterminal emulator,VVavemusicplayer,Clip videoplayer,NXSoftwareCenter applicationcenterandPiximage viewer.

GOOGLEOPENSOURCE SOFTWAREVULNERABILITY

REWARDSPROGRAM: 03/09/2022

GooglehasunveiledanewOSS

VRPinitiativetopaycash rewardsforidentifyingsecurity concernsinopenprojectsBazel, Angular,Protocolbuffersand Fuchsia,aswellasprojectsbeing developedinGooglerepositories onGitHub(Google, GoogleAPIsGooglePlats, GoogleCloudPlatform,etc.)and dependenciesusedinthem.

fullcirclemagazine#185 13 contents^ NEWS Theinitiativecomplementsthe existingrewardsprograms, includingtheLinuxkernel,Chrome, ChromeOS,Androidand Kubernetes.Itisnotedthatfor12 yearsoftheexistenceofthis program,Googlehaspaid$38 millioninrewardsforthediscovery ofmorethan13thousand vulnerabilities.Therewardsare between$100and$31337, dependingonthedangersof vulnerabilityandtheimportanceof

theproject.Forparticularly interestingvulnerabilities,the paymentamountcanbeincreased.

https://security.googleblog.com/ 2023/08/Announcing-GooglesOpen-Source-SoftwareVulnerability-RewardsProgram%20.html

Encryptshowedtheopposite.

InadditiontoLet'sEncrypt, Peterisknownasthefounderof manyprivacy,netneutralityand artificialintelligenceinitiatives,as wellasthecreatorofprojectssuch asPrivacyBadger,Certbot,HTTPS Everywhere,SSLObservatoryand Panopticlick.

openproject.Notesnookis presentedasacompletelyopen alternativetotheEvernotesystem, focusedonprivacyandsupporting end-to-endencryptiontostop informationanalysisontheserver. ThecodeiswritteninJavaScript/ TypeScriptandopenedunderthe GPLv3license.

FULLCIRCLEWEEKLY

NEWS

PETERECKERSLEY,COFOUNDEROFLET'SENCRYPT, PASSEDAWAY: 04/09/2022

PeterEckersley,oneofthefoundersofthenonprofitLet's Encryptcenter,acommunitycontrolledcommunity-controlled andcertifiedfreeofchargeto everyone,wasmissing.Peterwas ontheboardofdirectorsofthe non-profitorganizationISRG (InternetSecurityResearchGroup), whichisthefounderoftheLet's Encryptproject,andhaslong workedforthehumanrights organizationEFF(Electronic FrontierFoundation).Theidea promotedbyPetertoprovide encryptionontheInternet, providingfreecertificatestoall sites,seemedtomanytobe unrealizable,buttheprojectLet's

Lastweek,Peterwasina hospitalthatwasdiagnosedwith cancer.Thetumorwasgoingtobe removed,butPeter'scondition deterioratedsharplydueto complicationsthatoccurredduring thepreparationfortheoperation. OnFridaynight,despite resuscitation,Peterdiedsuddenly attheageof43.

https://community.letsencrypt.org/ t/petereckersleymayhismemory be-a-blessing/183854

Currently,theypublishedthe web-interfacecode,desktop applications,mobileapplications, commonlibraries,editorofnotes andextensions.Theservercodefor synchronizingnotesbetween differentdevicespromisestobe publishedinaseparaterepository inSeptember.TheWebinterfaceis builtusingtheReactframework, andthemobileapplicationsare builtusingReactNative.

THEPLATFORMCODEFOR NOTESNOOK,HASBEEN

OPENED: 04/09/2022

Inlinewiththepreviouspromise, Streetwritershadgiftedits Notesnooknoteplatformasan

Logintotheapplicationcanbe protectedbyapasswordinorderto preventanyoneviewingnotes whenthedeviceinotherpeople's hands.Itispossibletocreate commonnotes,includingthose encryptedwithaseparate password,aswellasspecial additionallyprotectednotesfor storingsensitivedata,suchas passwordsandaccesskeys.

Inthenotesyoucanplace

fullcirclemagazine#185 14 contents^ NEWS JoinourhostMossBlissas hepresentsyouwithashort podcast(<10min)withjust thenews.Nochit-chat.No timewasting.Justthelatest FOSS/Linux/Ubuntunews. RSS:http:// fullcirclemagazine. org/feed/podcast

tables,tasklists,codeblocks, embedmultimediadataand arbitraryfiles,useMarkdown/ markup.Formoreconvenient structuringofinformation,the bindingofnotestotags,the assignmentofcolortags,the groupingbyprojectsandthe foldingofpartsofthecontents insidetheheadernotesare supported.Itsupportsthe consolidationofimportantnotes, bindingtonotificationsand creationofreminders. https://blog.notesnook.com/ notesnook-is-going-open-source/

significantsoftwareprojects.

12/09/2022

JonasDresslerfromtheGNOME

projecthaspublishedareport ontheworkdoneoverthepastfew monthsonthedevelopmentofthe GNOMEshellcapabilities,foruse onsmartphonesandtabletswitha touchscreen.Theworkisfundedby theGermanMinistryofEducation, whichprovidedthedevelopersof GNOMEwithagrantaspartofthe initiativetosupportsocially

THEOFFICIALFULLCIRCLEAPPFORUBUNTUTOUCH-UPDATED!

Thecurrentstateof

core. Asthereasonforthedeclinein performanceisachangeinthe

produced,theprojectwas developedunderthepersonal directionofRichardStallman.The newversionhaschangedtheway erridestoinstall

rianDouglasshasupdatedhis FCMappforUbportsTouch devicesthatwillallowyoutoview currentissues,andbackissues,and todownloadandviewthemonyour UbuntuTouchphone/tablet.

B

INSTALL Searchfor'fullcircle'intheOpen Storeandclickinstall. HUGEthankstoBrianforthis.

file.Wheninstalling dcatalogwhen wneedtorunthe twiththe'--bindir' ndir?DIRECTORY'in notenough,since onwhichthepath files"*.eln"is scribedinthe whenbuilding).The macro-redisplay'is acro-re'.Otherwise, onlybugfixesare gnu.org/archive/ el/2022-09/

Qtlibrary.ThecodeiswritteninC+ +andisdistributedundertheBSD license.SupportedOS'sareLinux, macOS,Windows(WSL),Android andHaiku.

Theinterfaceisinaclassic browserstyleandsupportstabs. Thebrowserisbuiltusingitsown web-stack,whichinadditionto LibWebandLibJSincludesalibrary fordrawingtextand2Dgraphics; LibGfx,anengineforregular LibRegexexpressions,anXML parserLibXML,aninterpreterof theintermediatecodeof WebAssembly(LibWasm),alibrary forworkingwithUnicode LibRegexLibUnicode,anXMLparser LibexLibTextCodec(Mibarkdown) andLibCorelibrarywithacommon setofusefulfeaturessuchastime conversion,input/outputand MIME-typeprocessing.

CSSgrid.

Initially,theprojectwascreated inJulyasabindinginLinuxto debugSerenityOS,developingits ownbrowser,theSerenityOS Browser.Afterawhile,itbecame clearthatthedevelopmentwent beyondthedebuggingutilityand canbeusedasaregularbrowser (theprojectisstillindevelopment andisnotreadyforeverydayuse).

Italsotransfromedfrom SerenityOS-specificdevelopmentin across-platformbrowserengine.

https://awesomekling.github.io/ Ladybirdanewcrossplatform browser-project/ WDISDEVELOPINGA

NVMEDRIVERIN RUST: 13/09/2022

testingshowedthatthe performanceoftheNVMe-driverin theRustlanguagecorrespondsto theexistingNVMe-driver,writtenin theClanguage.

ItisnotedthatthePCINVMe driveronRustalreadyprovidesthe functionalitynecessaryfor operation,butisnotyetreadyfor wideuse,asitrequiresseparate improvements.Amongtheplans forthefutureistheredundancyof theunsafe-blocksavailable,support fordevicedeletionoperationsand driverunloading,sysfsinterface support,delayedinitialization implementation,drivercreationfor blk-mqandexperimentsusingan asynchronousprogrammingmodel forqueue_rq. https://twitter.com/josh triplett/ status/1569363148985233414

criticalerrorsisallowed.The releaseisscheduledforOctober 18.ThereleasecoversFedora Workstation,FedoraServer,Fedora Silverblue,FedoraIoT,Fedora CoreOS,FedoraCloudBaseand Livecollectionssuppliedinthe formofspinsfromthedesktop environmentslikeKDEPlasma5, Xfce,MATE,Cinnamon,LXDEand LXQt.Thebuildsareforx86_64, Power64andARM64architectures. https://fedoramagazine.org/ announcing-fedora-37-beta/ SMESERVER10.1IS

AVAILABLE: 14/09/2022

Thebrowsersupportsthebasic webstandardsandsuccessfully passesAcid3tests.Itsupports HTTPandHTTPS.Plansforthe futurementiontheimplementation ofmulti-processoperationsupport, inwhicheachtabisprocessedina separateprocess,aswellas performanceoptimizationsandthe implementationofadvanced capabilitiessuchasCSSflexboxand

AttheLinuxPlumbers2022

conference,aWesternDigital engineermadeapresentationon thedevelopmentofan experimentaldriverforSSDdrives withtheNVMeinterface,writtenin theRustlanguageandworkingat theLinuxkernellevel.Despitethe factthattheprojectisstillatan earlystageofdevelopment,the

FEDORALINUX37HAS

MOVEDTOBETATESTING: 13/09/2022

ThebetaversionoftheFedora

Linux37distributionbegan testing.Thebeta-releasemarked thetransitiontothefinaltesting stage,inwhichonlycorrectionof

fullcirclemagazine#185 16 contents^ NEWS ThereleaseofSMEServer10.1, builtonCentOS7anddesigned foruseintheserverinfrastructure ofsmallandmedium-sized businesses,isout.Thepeculiarityof thedistributionisthepresenceof pre-configuredstandard components,fullyreadyfor operationandcustomizable throughthewebinterface.Among thesecomponentsyoucannotea mailserverwithspamfiltering,a webserver,aprintserver,afile archive,acatalogservice,afirewall,

etc.Theiso-imagesizesare1.5GB and635MB. https://forums.koozali.org/ index.php/topic,54884.0.html

UBUNTUHASIMPLEMENTED

THEABILITYTO DYNAMICALLYOBTAIN

DEBUGGINGINFORMATION:

15/09/2022

ThedevelopersoftheUbuntu distributionrolledoutthe service,debuginfod.ubuntu.com, whichallowsyoutodowithout installingdebuggingfrom debuginfo.Withthehelpofthe newservice,userswereableto dynamicallyloaddebugging symbolsfromanexternalserver directlyduringdebugging.This featureissupportedfromthe releaseofGDB10andBinutils2.34. Debugginginformationisprovided forpackagesfrommain,universe, restrictedandmultiverseofall supportedUbuntureleases.

Thedebuginfodprocessthat providestheserviceisanHTTP serverforthedeliveryof debugginginformationfromELF/

DWARFandsourcetexts.When builtwithdebuginfodsupport,GDB canautomaticallyconnectto debuginfodserverstodownload missingdebuginfodinformation abouttheprocessedfilesor separatingdebuggingfilesand sourcefilesforthedebuggingfile. Tousethedebuginfodserver,you shouldsetthe'DEBUGINFOD _ URLS environmentvariablebefore runningthedebuginfod.com' environmentvariable. https://www.mail-archive.com/ ubuntu-develannounce@lists.ubuntu.com/ msg01081.html

includingtheLinuxkernel5.19.7, Calamares3.2.61,Firefox104.0.2, Mesa22.1.7,Xorg-Server21.1.4, nvidia-dkms515.65.01,GRUB2.06.

VULNERABILITYINTHE ENLIGHTENMENTUSER

ENVIRONMENT: 15/09/2022

RELEASEOFENDEAVOUROS

22.9: 15/09/2022

TheEndeavourOS22.9project, thatreplacedtheAntergos distribution,whichwas discontinuedinMay2019dueto thelackoffreetimetomaintain theprojectattheproperlevel,is available.Thesizeofthe installationimageis1.9GB(x86 64, theassemblyforARMdevelops separately).Thenewreleasehas updatedpackageversions,

EndeavourOSallowstheuserto installArchLinuxwiththe necessarydesktopwithout unnecessarycomplicationsinthe formthatitisconceivedin, bythe developersoftheselecteddesktop, withoutadditionalpreinstalled programs.Thedistributionoffersa simpleinstallertoinstallthebasic ArchLinuxenvironmentwiththe Xfcedesktopbydefaultandthe abilitytoinstallfromtherepository oneofthetypicaldesktopsbased likeMate,LXQt,Cinnamon,KDE Plasma,GNOME,Budgie,aswellas mosaicwindowmanagersi3, BSPWMandSway.Workis underwaytoaddsupporttoQtile andOpenboxwindowmanagers, UKUI,LXDEandDeepindesktops. Oneofthedevelopersofthe projectisdevelopinghisown windowmanager,Worm. https://endeavouros.com/news/ artemis-nova-is-here/

TheEnlightenmentuser environmentrevealeda vulnerability(CVE-2022-37706), allowinganunprivilegedlocaluser toexecuteacodewithrootrights. Atthetimeofdisclosure,the vulnerabilityremaineduncorrected (0-day).Theopenaccessisalready anexploittestedinUbuntu22.04. (Ithasbeenfixedsincethen)

Theproblemispresentinthe executableenlightenment sysfile, suppliedwiththesuidrootflagand performingcertainallowed commandsthroughthecall system(),suchasmountingthe driveutilitymount.Duetothe incorrectoperationofthefunction thatformsthestringthatis transmittedtothecallsystem(), quotationmarksarecutoutfrom theargumentsofthecommand thatyoucanusetorunyourcode.

fullcirclemagazine#185 17 contents^ NEWS https://www.enlightenment.org/ news/2022-09-15-enlightenment0.25.4

KDEPLASMA5.26

DESKTOPTESTINGFORTV

USE: 16/09/2022

Availablefortestingtodayis;the betaversionofPlasma5.26 customshell.Youcantestthenew releasethroughtheLive-buildfrom theopenSUSEprojectandbuild fromtheKDENeon(Testing edition)project.Packagesfor variousdistributionscanbefound onthispagelinkedbelow.The releaseisexpectedonOctober11.

https://kde.org/announcements/ plasma/5/5.25.90/

forsaleat$112and$179,RISCV boards.TheSipeedLicheeRVboard isavailableforjust$16.90andsale onAliExpress,makingitvery accessibleRISC-Varchitecture.

TheSipeedLicheeRVboardis basedonSoCAllwinnerD1with single-coreXuanTieCPUC906 (1.0GH),equippedwith512MB RAM,hasaslotformicroSDcards, USBType-COTG,SPIforconnecting thescreenandaM.2interface,BKEY64-pinwithwiringHDMI, RMIGI,RGB,MIDI-PI.OITisnamed asthemainapplicationforth board. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/ +bug/1989595

UBUNTU22.10INTENDSTO

PROVIDESUPPORTFOR

RISC-VSIPEEDLICHEERV: 17/09/2022

EngineersfromCanonicalare workingonanadditiontothe releaseofUbuntu22.10-support forthe64-bitboardSipeed LicheeRV,whichusestheRISC-V architecture.AttheendofAugust, itwasalsoannouncedthatthey wouldsupport;AllwinnerNezha andStarFiveVisionFive,available

RELEASEOFWEBKITGTK

2.38.0EPIPHANY43: 17/09/2022

ThenewstablebranchofWebKitGTK2.38.0,theportof thebrowserenginetheGTKK platformisavailable.WebKitGTK allowsyoutouseallWebKit capabilitiesthroughGNOMEorientedsoftwar.The interfaceis basedonGObjectandcanbeused tointegrateweb-conceivabletools

intoapplications,withtheuseof specializedHTML/CSSparsers,to thecreationoffull-featuredweb browsers.Ofthewell-known projectsusingWebKitGTK,youcan notetheregularGNOME(Epiphany) browser.Previously,WebKitGTK wasusedintheMidoribrowser,but afterthetransferoftheprojectto theAstianFoundation,theold versionofMidorionWebKitGTK, wasabandonedandbycreatinga forkoftheWexondbrowser,they createdafundamentallydifferent productwiththesamename Midori,butbasedontheElectron andReactplatform. https://webkitgtk.org/2022/09/16/ webkitgtk2.38.0-released.html

distributedundertheMPL2.0 license.Buildsarepreparedfor Windows,LinuxandmacOS. https://blog.ablaze.one/2425/20220917/

FLOORPWEBBROWSER

10.5.0: 18/09/2022

Floorp10.5.0,developedbyagroupofJapanesestudentsand combiningtheFirefoxenginewith thecapabilitiesandinterfacestyle ofChrome,isout.Notablefeatures oftheprojectistheconcernforthe privacyoftheuserandtheabilityto customizetheinterfacetoyour taste.Theproject'scodeis

THEPYTORCHPROJECT PARTOFTHELINUX

FOUNDATION: 19/09/2022

FacebookCompany(Prohibited intheRussianFederation)

transferredthePyTorchmachine learningframeworkunderthe patronageoftheLinuxFoundation, theinfrastructureandservicesof whichwillbeusedinfurther development.Thetransitionunder theLinuxFoundationwingwillsave theprojectfromdependenceona separatecommercialcompanyand makeiteasiertoworktogether withthird-partyinvolvement.The PyTorchFoundationwas establishedtodevelopthePyTorch Foundationundertheauspicesof theLinuxFoundation.Thesupport oftheprojecthasalreadybeen announcedbycompaniessuchas AMD,AWS,GoogleCloud,Microsoft andNVIDIA,whose representatives,alongwiththe

developersfromMeta,formeda supervisoryboard. https://www.linuxfoundation.org/ press/press-release/metatransitionspytorchtothelinux foundation

LIBREOFFICEPAIDVIATHE

MACAPPSTORE: 20/09/2022

TheDocumentFoundation

announcedthelaunchthrough theMacAppStorecatalogofpaid assembliesoffreeofficepackage LibreOfficeforthemacOS platform.Thecostofloading LibreOfficefromtheMacAppStore is8.99euros,whilethebuildsfor macOScanalsobedownloaded fromtheofficialwebsiteofthe projectforfree.

dependencies.Duetothelackof Java,thefunctionalityof LibreOfficeBaseinpaidbuildsis limited. https:// blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/ 2022/09/19/the-documentfoundation-releases-libreoffice-onapples-mac-app-store/

https://rpm.org/wiki/Releases/ 4.18.0

Itisallegedthatthefunds collectedfromthepaiddeliverywill bedirectedtosupportthe developmentofLibreOffice.The buildsplacedintheMacAppStore areformedbyCollaboraanddiffer fromtheassembliesfromthe LibreOfficesitebythelackofJava indelivery,asAppleprohibitsthe placementofexternal

RELEASEOFRPM4.18: 21/09/2022

Afterayearofdevelopment,the releaseofthepackage managerRPM4.18.0.TheRPM4 projectisbeingdevelopedbyRed Hatandisusedindistributionssuch asRHEL(includingderivative projectsCentOS,ScientificLinux, AsiaLinux,RedFlagLinux,Oracle), Fedora,SUSE,openSUSE,ALTLinux, OpenMandriva,Mageia,PCLinuxOS, Tizenandmanyothers.Previously, theRPM5projectdevelopedan independentdevelopmentteam thatisnotdirectlyrelatedtoRPM4 andiscurrentlyabandoned(not updatedsince2010).Theproject codeisdistributedunderthe licensesofGPLv2andLGPLv2.

RELEASEOFGNOME43: 21/09/2022

Aftersixmonthsof

development,theGNOME43 desktopenvironmentisavailable. SpecializedLive-assembliesbased onopenSUSEandinstallationimage preparedaspartoftheGNOMEOS initiativeareofferedforquick evaluationofGNOME43.GNOME 43isalsoincludedintheFedora37 experimentalbuild. http://release.gnome.org/43

Vulkan1.3graphicsAPIinanv driversforIntel'sGPU,radvfor AMD'sGPUandtuforthe QualcommGPU.SupportforVulkan 1.2isimplementedinanemulator (vn),Vulkan1.1 inthesoftware raiserlavapipe(lvp),andVulkan1.0 inthedriverv3dv(PUBroadcom VideoCoreVIfromRaspberryPi4). Mesaalsoprovidesfullsupportfor OpenGL4.6fordrivers965,iris (Intel),radeonsi(AMD),zinkand llvmpipedrivers.Supportfor OpenGL4.5isavailableforAMD (r600)andNVIDIA(nvc0)and OpenGL4.3forvirgl(virglvirtual GPUVirgil3DforQEMU/KVM)and vmwgfx(VMware).

RELEASEOFMESA22.2,

FOROPENGLANDVULKAN: 21/09/2022

Afterfourmonthsof

development,theOpenGLand VulkanAPI-Mesa22.2.0were released.Thefirstreleaseofthe Mesa22.2.0branchhasan experimentalstatus-afterthefinal stabilizationofthecodewillbe releasedastableversion22.2.1. Mesa22.2hasaccesstothe

https://lists.freedesktop.org/ archives/mesaannounce/2022 September/000687.html

RELEASEOFWESTON11.0: 22/09/2022

Aftereightmonthsof

development,astablerelease oftheWeston11.0composite server,adevelopmentaltechnology thatpromotesfullsupportforthe WaylandprotocolinEnlightenment, GNOME,KDEandotheruser environments,hasbeenpublished.

Weston'sdevelopmentaimsto provideahigh-qualitycodebase andworkexamplesforWaylandin desktopenvironmentsand embeddedsolutionssuchas platformsforcarinfotainment systems,smartphones,TVsand otherconsumerdevices.The projectcodeisdistributedunder theMITlicense.

https://lists.freedesktop.org/ archives/wayland-devel/2022September/042410.html

packages,like,LibreOffice7.3.6.2, theDDEStoreandDDEGrand Searchapplications(activatedby "Shift+space"),alsoanewstyleof Calamaresinstaller. https://ubuntudde.com/blog/ ubuntudde-remix-22-04-releasenote/

RELEASEOFTHE

ONLYOFFICEDOCS7.2.0: 24/09/2022

ONLYOFFICEDocumentServer

OPENSOURCING WHISPER: 25/09/2022

TheOpenAIproject,whoengagedinthedevelopment

RELEASEOFUBUNTUDDE

22.04: 23/09/2022

TheUbuntuDDE22.04(Remix) distribution,basedonthe Ubuntu22.04anddeliveredwith theDDE(DeepinDesktop Environment)graphical environment,hasbeenpublished. Theprojectisanunofficialversion ofUbuntu,butthedevelopersare tryingtogetUbuntuDDEtobe includedamongtheofficial editionsofUbuntu.ISO-imagesize is3GB.Changesinthenewversion notethetransitiontotheUbuntu 22.04packageswiththeLinux5.15 kernel,DeepinDesktopupdateand

AUDACITY3.2: 23/09/2022

ThereleaseofthefreeAudacity

3.2soundeditor,providing audioeditingtools(OggVorbis, FLAC,MP3andWAV),recordingand digitizingsound,overlayingtracks andapplyingeffects(e.g.noise suppression,changingtempoand tone)isavailable.Audacity3.2was thesecondmajorreleaseafterthe transitionoftheprojecttothe handsoftheMuseGroup.The Audacitycodeisdistributedunder theGPLv3license,binarybuildsare availableforLinux,Windowsand macOS.

https://github.com/audacity/ audacity/releases/tag/Audacity3.2.0

7.2.0serverforONLYOFFICE onlineeditorsandcollaborationis out.Editorscanbeusedtowork withtextdocuments,tablesand presentations.Theprojectcodeis distributedundertheAGPLv3free license.ONLYOFFICEhasfull compatibilitywithMSOfficeand OpenDocumentformats.Among thesupportedformatsare:DOC, DOCX,ODT,RTF,TXT,PDF,HTML, EPUB,XPS,DjVu,XLS,ODS,CSV, PPT,PPTX,ODP.Itispossibleto expandthefunctionalityofthe editorsthroughplugins,for example,pluginsareavailablefor creatingtemplatesandadding YouTubevideos.Thefinishedbuilds areforWindowsandLinux(debandrpmpackages). https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/ DocumentServer/releases/tag/ v7.2.0

fieldofpubliclyavailableartificial intelligenceprojects,haspublished thecodetotheWhisperspeech recognitionsystem.Itissaidthat forEnglishspeakers,thesystem provideslevelsofreliabilityand accuracyofautomaticrecognition closetohumanrecognition.(About athirdofWhisper’saudiodatasetis non-English,anditisalternately giventhetaskoftranscribinginthe originallanguageortranslatingto English.Wefindthisapproachis particularlyeffectiveatlearning speechtotexttranslationand outperformsthesupervisedSOTA onCoVoST2toEnglishtranslation zeroshot.)Thereference implementationcodebasedonthe PyTorchframeworkandasetof alreadytrainedmodelsreadyfor usehavebeenopened.Thecode hasbeenopenedundertheMIT license. https://openai.com/blog/whisper/

TheVirtualBoxNetworkingPrimer

ConnectingandConfiguringVirtualMachines

TheVirtualBoxNetworkingPrimerisano-nonsenseguideforthe VirtualBoxusertakingtheirnextstepsintovirtualnetworks.

WhileOracleVMVirtualBoxisagreatfreetool,therealpowerof virtualisationcomeswhenyoustartconnectingvirtualmachinesto eachotherandtothewiderworld.Softwaredevelopment,sales, educationandtrainingarejustsomeoftheareasinwhichnetwork accesstovirtualmachinesoffersendlessopportunities.Buttheworld ofcomputernetworksisfilledwithcomplextechnicaljargon.

Completewithprinciples,practice,examplesandglossary,The VirtualBoxNetworkingPrimertakesthefrustrationandconfusionout ofconnectingreal-worldprojects.

Author:RobinCatling

Publisher:ProactivityPress ISBN13:9781916119482

AmazonUSlink: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1916119484? ref =pe 3052080 397514860

AmazonUKlink:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/VirtualBox-Networking-PrimerConnecting-Configuring/dp/1916119484/ref=sr 1 1? dchild=1&keywords=virtualbox+networking+primer&qid=16002536 99&s=books&sr=1-1

Kobo: https://www.kobo.com/us/en/ebook/the-virtualbox-networkingprimer

C COOMMMMAANNDD&&CCOONNQQUUEER R

Sowewerediscussingaproblem ononeofthepodsatwork, whenmycoworkermadea commentIactuallywholeheartedly agreedwith.Whycan’tLinuxship withhtopbydefault?Myreason? Withmodernmulticoresystems,I preferseeingmylogicalCPUs separatelywhenIopenuphtop.It seemsthatpeoplewhocreate containershaveotherideas,soin thatspirit,Iwouldliketogoover thebasicsoftopforthoseofyou thatdon’tknow.Alsoasarefresher forme,astopdoesnot‘top’mylist, so-to-speak.

OnmydailydriverIusetheGUI version,andmyserverhashtop,soI don’tusetopotherthanatwork.

Allthataside,topisoneofthose thingsyouHAVEtoknow,beitfor workorthatlovelyLPIexamyou aregoingtowrite.Sorrytohear youfailedthatLPIMr“Ihavebeen usingLinuxfor20years”–you knowwhoyouare.

Knowthatyoucanruntop withoutelevatedprivileges,butto getthemostoutofit,ratheruse

elevatedprivileges;itjustensures thatyouhaveaccesstoeverything. Hereisaquickfactoid,itiscalled topasitsortsthemostCPU intensivePIDtothetop.Themain placetopandhtopdifferisinthe header.Thisistheotherplaceyou canfindtheloadaverage,other thanuptime(afavouriteLPI question).Thatloadaveragecanbe goodorbad,dependingonthe amountofCPUsyouhaveinyour system.ForyoutoseetheCPUsin top,youneedtopress“1”.This goesforothertoolstoo,like glances,Iwanttosee‘ataglance’ whatmyCPUs(plural)aredoing,I

Thatsecondlinegetsimportant whenyouhavealaptop,whereyou donotwantprocessesburning battery,otherwisemorerunning tasksarenotaproblem.The abbreviationsareusuallyasticking pointfornewbies.Iwillrunthrough themherequickly,thereare screenshotsifyoudon’twantto opentoponyoursystem.(I’ll probablystealitofftheInternetas itisalotoftyping).

• us:usercputime(or)%CPUtime spentinuserspace

• sy:systemcputime(or)%CPU

COMMAND&CONQUER

timespentonlowpriority processes

• id:idlecputime(or)%CPUtime spentidle

• wa:iowaitcputime(or)%CPU timespentinwait(ondisk)

• hi:hardwareirq(or)%CPUtime spentservicing/handlinghardware interrupts

• si:softwareirq(or)%CPUtime spentservicing/handlingsoftware interrupts

• st:stealtime--%CPUtimein involuntarywaitbyvirtualcpu whilehypervisorisservicing anotherprocessor(or)%CPUtime stolenfromavirtualmachine

Truestory,IinstalledUbuntu Budgieonmycousin’sPCasitwas slowasmolasseswithWindows, andInoticedavaluein‘wa’.Now thiscanhappenifyoursystemis lowonmemory,whenitconstantly writestothedrive,butinhiscaseit wasthathisBIOSwasincorrectly configuredandtheSATAchannel wasin“compatible”/“legacy” modeandnotAHCI.

inuseandcache.Irecentlyopened mymusicplayer;itusuallytakesa secondortwotoopen,butthe secondtimearounditisgreased lightningasitisinthatbuff/cache. Ifyounoticed,youwouldseemy swapisstartingtobeused,which willslowmysystemdownsoon.:/I saysoonasusuallyitisinactive memorypagesthatgetinserted first(myoldmangripeaboutthe newprogrammingparadigmwhere “unusedmemoryiswasted memory”comesintoplayhere).

Anyway,timetomaketopwork forus.Opentopandpress“f”to seetheoptions.

Youshouldseethisbusyoutput thatcanscarenewbies.

Sorrynewbies,youjusthaveto shoulderthroughit.Theselectoris

whenIfirstsawit).Youcanselect whatyouwant(anddonotwant) withit.Thisbecomesimportant whenyouneedtoseemoreinyour limiteddisplaywindow.Ifyouunselectwhatyoudon’tneed,whatis leftwillhavemorespacetodisplay information(sodon’tselect everything,OK?).Justhitthe escapekeywhenyouaredoneand yournewlayoutwillawaityou.This isallcontrollableviaa.rcfileifyou wantpersistence.Keepinmindthat ifyourantopwithsudoandyou runitagainwithout,itwillbe default.Asforthecolordifference betweentopandhtop,youcanuse the“z”keytoinjectsomecolor,but itisredandpink,notsomethingI careabout.Asyoucansee,I/O granularityissorelylackingata glance,youdon’tknowwhat programisgrindingyourdisk.

again,notavailableinavanilla container.

Thelastthingisthemouse supportforthosekeyshortcutsat thebottomoftop.Sometimes, whenF10pressdoesnotwork,or youhaveakeyboardwithoutFkeys,youcanclickontheF10forit toexit.Thisisactuallyhandierthan youthinkandhassavedmemany timesbefore.Thisissorelymissing ontop.(Thatsoundsweird;it’snot inside,it’sontop!).

Ihaveneverneededtomaketop persistentlylooksomeway,the defaultisfine,butitisthoseextra stepsthatgettome.Whyusethree steps,whenfivewilldo?

DidImakeamistake?Something unclear? misc@fullcirclemagazine.org

TheMIBmemandtheMIBswap line,isthesameasthefree command(hello,LPIquestions).As youcanseefrommyscreenshot,I have4GBmemoryinmylaptop, with400MBfreeandabout1.6GB

ErikhasbeeninITfor30+years.He hasseentechnologycomeandgo. Fromrepairingwashingmachinesized harddriveswithmultimetersand oscilloscopes,layingcable,toscaling 3Gtowers,he'sdoneit.

WrittenbyGregWalters

Sorryformissinglastmonth.

Betweenmovingandmyhealth problems,Ihadtoputmanythings onholdforawhileandthis, unfortunately,endedupbeingone ofthem.

Ipromisedthatwewould continuewiththeStylesand Themesseriesofarticles,sothat’s whatwe’lldo.

Theinformationforeach colorsetisheldinadictionary.It lookssomethinglikethatshown topright.

Youcanseethatthereisakey thatholdsthenameofthecolorset andthenanotherdictionarythat holdsabackground/foreground designationandahexvalueofthe color.Theback/forecolornameis thekeyandthehexvalueofthe coloritselfisthevalueofthe dictionaryentries.

Wesimplyaddnewcolorsetsto aglobalonetokeepeverythingin sync.

'Coffee1': {'BG1': '#EDDFB3', 'BG2': '#D8CCA3', 'BG3': '#87805E', 'FG1': 'black', 'FG2': 'black', 'FG3': 'black'}

#

newset = {

response: { "BG1": lastbg1, "BG2": lastbg2, "BG3": lastbg3, "FG1": lastfg1, "FG2": lastfg2, "FG3": lastfg3,

}

} ColorSets.update(newset)

Asyoucansee,weusethe dictionary.updatemethodtoadd thenewone.Buthowdowesave the“master”colorsettoafilefor retrievallateron?Weusethepickle library.However,wehavetobe carefulifwearegoingtobesharing thisfilewithothers,sinceby defaultnewerversionsofPython greaterthan3.7useahigher compressionalgorithm.Python3.7 usesalevel4compression.Soto supportallPythonversionsfrom 3.7forward,wehavetostatethat thelevelmustbe “pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL (shownright).

# Saves Pickle file as protocol 4 for compatibility

#

with open("mycolorset.pickle", "wb") as file: pickle.dump(ColorSets, file, pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL) LoadCombo()

Toloadthecolorsetintotheprogramatstartup,wereadthepicklefile andassignthecolorsettotheglobalmaster.

def loadcolorsetfile():

global ColorSets

# ===================================================

# Reads Pickle file as protocol 4

#

with open("mycolorset.pickle", "rb") as file: loadedcolorset = pickle.load(file)

ColorSets = loadedcolorset

Theprogramalsohasautility thatwilldisplaythedictionariesina “viewer”form(shownright).

Becauseitisadictionary,the outputwithallthecurlybraces won’tlookveryprettywhen displayedintext.Tomakethisabit nicerlooking,wecanusethepretty printlibrary.Oncewehave formattedthedatathewaywe wantit,wecansimplyusethe tk.text.insertmethodtoplacethe

HOWTO-PYTHON

dataintothewidgetfordisplay.

thevarioussetsthatwereselected.

newset={"Greg1": {"BG1": "gray54", "BG2": "gray86", "BG3": "gray64", "FG1": "white", "FG2": "black", "FG3": "black"}, "Vintage1": {"BG1": "#8E3200", "BG2": "#D7A86E", "BG3": "#A64B2A", "FG1": "white", "FG2": "black", "FG3": "black"}, "Vintage2": {"BG1": "#362706", "BG2": "#464E2E", "BG3": "#ACB992", "FG1": "white", "FG2": "white", "FG3": "black"}}

Theprogramalsoprovidesaway tocreateaseparatefilethatcanbe importedintoaprogramthatyou wrotethatwillallowyoutousea singlecolorsetormultiplecolorsets withyourownwidgetlist.Thereis aformtodothatfromthebutton menu.

Whenthe“WriteFile”buttonis clicked,wecreatetheexportfile. Thefirstthingwedoistocreate theimportsectionofthefile.

import tkinter as tk

import tkinter.ttk as ttk

from tkinter.constants import *

Next,wewriteoutthe dictionariesforthecolorsetwith

Now,wecreatethefunction thatwillapplythecolorsetsthat willbeusedtoallthewidgetsthat happentobeonyourform.

dat = pprint.pformat(ColorSets, depth=2, compact=True)

chars to remove = ["{", "}", "'"]

for char in chars to remove: dat = dat.replace(char, "") _w90.Scrolledtext1.insert(END, dat)

Thefirstthingwehavetodoin thefunctionistoapplyattkstyle (shownbelow).Inthiscase,wewill beusingthe“default”style. However,thiscanbechangedto whateverstyleyoursystemwill support.Thenwecreateanumber ofliststhatusethewidgetclasses

def do _ tk _widgets(Toplevel, colorset):

style = ttk.Style()

style.theme_use('default')

forallthepossiblewidgets.There isalistforwidgetsthatdon’t supporttheactivebackground property,onethathasthewidgets thatwon’tsupporttheforeground property(whichisjustaFrame,but therecouldbemoreinthefuture)

thenwecreatealistofallthettk

no AB = ['Entry', 'Message', 'Listbox', 'Text', 'Frame', 'Labelframe']

# Widgets that have no Foreground attributes

no _ FG = ['Frame']

TWidgets = [ 'TButton', 'TCheckbutton', 'TCombobox', 'TEntry', 'TFrame', 'TLabel', 'TLabelframe', 'TMenubutton', 'TPanedwindow', 'TNotebook', 'Horizontal.TProgressbar', 'Vertical.TProgressbar', 'TProgressbar', 'TRadiobutton', 'Horizontal.TScale', 'Vertical.TScale', 'TScale', 'TSeparator', 'Treeview', 'TSizeGrip', 'TSpinbox'

]

Containers = ['Frame', 'Labelframe', 'Tframe', 'TLabelframe']

Next,wesetthebackgroundfortheToplevelwidget

# ===================================================

# Start with the Toplevel (Toplevel has no foreground attribute)

#

Toplevel.configure(bg=colorset['BG1'])

HOWTO-PYTHON

widgetsandfinallyalistofallthe widgetsthatcanbecontainers.

Inordertosupportthe TNotebookandtheTButton,we havetosupplyamapthatwillallow thevariousbackgroundcolorsand foregroundcolors(showntop right).

Atthispoint,wecangetalistof allchildrenoftheToplevelform. Oncewehavethelist,wetrytoset allthebackgroundandforeground colorsforthosewidgets(shown bottomright).

Whileweareworkingwiththis widget,we’llcheckforanychildren andtrytoapplythebackground andforegroundcolorsofthem (shownnextpage,topright).

Wethencheckforspecific widgetsthatneedtohavespecial handling,liketheTFrame,Treeview, TScrollbarsandtheTLabelwidgets (shownnextpage,middleright).

Finally,wecandoany “standard”tkwidgets.Again,we havetocheckifthewidget supportstheforegroundandactive backgroundproperties(shownnext page,bottomright).

# ===================================================

# Now get all the child widgets of the Toplevel, but # don't go into containers yet

# =================================================== style.map( "TNotebook.Tab", background=[("selected", colorset['BG1']), ("active", colorset['BG2']), ("!active", colorset['BG3'])], foreground=[("selected", colorset['FG1']), ("active", colorset['FG2']), ("!active", colorset['FG3'])], )

style.map('TButton', background=[('disabled', '#d9d9d9'), ('pressed', colorset['BG3']), ('active', colorset['BG2'])], foreground=[('disabled', colorset['FG3']), ('pressed', colorset['FG3']), ('active', colorset['FG2'])])

Nowwecanset“global”backgroundandforegroundcolorsbyusingthe“.”widgetclass.

style.configure('.', background=colorset['BG1']) style.configure('.', foreground=colorset['FG1'])

kids = Toplevel.winfo children() for kid in kids:

thiskid = kid.winfo class()

# ===================================================

# Try to do the background/foreground colours

# ===================================================

print(f'Thiskid: {thiskid}')

if thiskid in Containers: tlftext = f'{thiskid}.Label' if thiskid in TWidgets: style.configure(thiskid, background=colorset['BG1'], foreground=colorset['FG1'])

style.configure(tlftext, background=colorset['BG1'], foreground=colorset['FG1']) style.configure(thiskid)

else: kid.configure(background=colorset['BG1'], foreground=colorset['FG1']) print(f'Thiskid: {thiskid}')

HOWTO-PYTHON

Lastbutnotleast,wedoan updateontheToplevelformso thatallthechangeswillshowup. Toplevel.update()

Thisformmaybeimportedinto yourproject.Itisnamed ColorSetImport.py.Nowinyour ownproject,youshouldimportit likethis.

from ColorSetImport import newset, do _ tk _widgets

Ifyourprojectwillbesupporting morethanonecolorsetinthe newsetdictionary,youwillneedto determinewhichcolorsettouse thenassignittoaglobalcolorset. Thenextlineassumesthatyouwill usethefirstcolorsetinthe dictionary. colorset=newset[0]

Finally,toapplythecolorset, simplycallthedo_tk_widgets function.

do _ tk _widgets(_top1, colorset)

Wherethefirstparameteristhe formnameandpassingthe selectedcolorsetinasthesecond parameter.

siblings = kid.winfo children() for sib in siblings: print(f'Working {sib} {sib.winfo_class()}')

# if thiskid not in TWidgets: if sib.winfo _class() not in TWidgets: sib.config(bg=colorset['BG1'])

if sib.winfo _class() not in no _ FG: sib.config(fg=colorset['FG1'])

if sib.winfo _class() not in no _ AB:

try: sib.config(activebackground=colorset['BG2']) sib.config(activeforeground=colorset['FG2'])

except: pass else: cls = sib.winfo _class()

if cls == 'TFrame': sibs2 = sib.winfo _children() print(sibs2)

for si in sibs2: print(si.winfo_class()) if (si.winfo class()

== 'Treeview') or (si.winfo_class() == 'TScrollbar'): pass else: si.configure(background=colorset['BG1'], foreground=colorset['FG1'])

if cls == 'TLabel': sib.configure(background=colorset['BG1'], foreground=colorset['FG1'])

elif thiskid not in TWidgets: print(f'Thiskid: {thiskid} - Kid: {kid}') kid.config(bg=colorset['BG1'])

if thiskid not in no _ FG: kid.config(fg=colorset['FG1'])

if thiskid not in no _ AB: try: kid.config(activebackground=colorset['BG2']) kid.config(activeforeground=colorset['FG2'])

except: pass

mygithubrepositoryathttps:// github.com/gregwa1953/FCM-185

Untilnexttime,asalways;stay

GregWaltersisaretired programmerlivinginCentralTexas, USA. Hehasbeenaprogrammer since1972andinhissparetime,heis anauthor,amateurphotographer, luthier,fairmusicianandapretty darngoodcook.Hestillistheowner ofRainyDaySolutionsaconsulting companyandhespendsmostofhis timewritingarticlesforFCMand tutorials.Hiswebsiteis www.thedesignatedgeek.xyz.

H HOOWW--TTO O

WrittenbyErik

Asfatewouldhaveit,Icannot locatemyprevioussaveright now,butdonotdiscardyouregg,I willfindit.ThereasonIchosean eggoriginally,wastomakeDizzy, sodonotfret,Iwillfindit,asIstill wantustomakeDizzy.(https:// yolkfolk.com/article-dizzy-returns/)

IfyoucouldNOTgetthe“egg” right,donotworry,thisissueis yourturntoshine.Fortherest,you canfollowalongifyouwant,or waituntilthenextissue.Afterall, thisisabeginnerseriesandweare notserious,thegoalisforyouto learnsomethingwhilsthavingfun (forthosewhoreachedouttome onTG,youwillseeheremybody willbeeverythingBUTperfect,and itmattersnot!).

Fireupblenderandlet’sbegin (withmyPCoutofaction,Iwillbe usingversion3.0onmySolusOS laptop.Aslongasyourversionis notolderthan2.8,youshouldbe abletofollowalong100%).

comfortablewiththekey-presses andtrytorememberthem,asthey makeyourlifesomucheasier.Press Shift+atoaddanobject.Youwillbe choosingMesh->icosphere,and onceyoupickit,donotclickaway, aswewanttochangethe

‘smoothness’viaalittlebuttonin thebottom-left.Expandthe“Add IcoSphere”andwewillbe increasingthesubdivisionsto5or 7.Themoreyouadd,thesmoother itgets,butsodoesthe computationalpower,sokeepthat inmindifyouhavealittleceleron.

Firstthingistodoadrag-select andselecteverything.Pressdelete toclearyourworkspace.Trytoget

NoticehowtheIcoSphere changesasyouplaywiththe subdivisionsetting.Youdid*play withthesubdivisionsetting...Ifnot,

pleasedoitnow,toseehowit affectsyourimage.Myscreenisnot thebiggestonthelaptopandsince themovewasnotkindtomybig monitor,I’lladaptbyswitchingto thesculpttab(youstillremember wherethatis,right?),andmoving mymouseoverthescrollbaronthe left.Yes,thescrollbartotheright ofallthe“orbs”,anddragitright, sothattheyareallonscreen.You donothaveto,thisisjustbecauseI don’twanttoscrolllookingforan “orb”.Thisisessentiallythesameas having2“pages”onane-book readerinsteadofone.Notethatit isveryoptional.Shouldscreenreal-

estatebeanissueonyourside, knowyoucancloseanyofthe panels.I’llletyoufigureouthow andyoucandropusalineat misc@fullcirclemagazine.organd tellushowyoudidit.

Forthosewhodidnottry anythingotherthanwhatwehave beendoingsofar,picktheelastic deformtool(orb)andextrudeyour icosphere.Youmaywanttoplay withtheradiusinthetop-rightif youwantasemi-decentshape.I chose100andyankedthatballinto anelongatedshape.Aswearestill makingacartoonpenguin,it doesn'treallymatterifitisall crooked,thatisactuallytheidea.As Imentionedbefore,thisissoyou canseethatanythinggoesifyou arecreativeenough.Thereisno rightorwrongtoday,thethemeis “play”.Iwillbehonest,Iliketo fiddlewiththingssometimesand theresultscanbefascinating!True, itmayhavebeen6amwhenI startedandnowitis2pm,buthey, it’saSunday.Pouranotherglassof wineandturnupthemusic.This timearound,insteadofmaking eyesthatfitinsidethehead,let’s

HOWTO-BLENDER

makesomeexaggeratedones? Also,nowwouldbeagoodtimeto saveyourfile. Itcanbeasstraightoraswavy asyoulike,butkeepitmore-or-less eggorpearshaped,sowehavea nicechubbybody.Ifyouwantto makemorethanone,sayashort oneandatallone,alaPinkyandthe Brain,thatisfinetoo,practice makesperfect.Iknowthegrayon gray(orisitgreyongrey?)getson somepeople’snerves,sotochange itthereisahiddenoptionright above“options”ontheright.Ifyou pressthelittledownwardarrow, theoneABOVEoptions,notNEXT

toit,thereisapanelthatsays “Studio”,“MatCap”,“Flat”.Chances areyouareinStudio.Iwantyouto changethattoMatCap.Nowplease clickonthesphereandchooseone thatyoulike.NowI’mprobably moreautisticthanartistic,soI’ll choosetheZebrastripes.Lines makeyourdepressionsstandout more,butpleasedowhatmakes YOUhappy.

OK,soatthispointIwanttosay something,asIgotsomeflakfrom myproofreader.ThereasonIchose avaguelyeggshapeisthatitis easyforbeginnerslikeus-youcan getastechnicalasyoulikein

makingyourpenguin’sbody,but whycomplicatethings?To understandwhereIamcoming from,lookhereatthisblender artistcreatingawinebottle:https:// www.youtube.com/watch? v=BtRsCLGsDHI&list=PLsGl9GczcgB tNd8e8LhfylyK80elW6sOo

IamnotgoingtopretendIknow whenitisbesttouseaUVsphere orwhentouseanIcosphere,Ido whatiseasiest,asIamlazy.This meansIwillshowyouthefastest andmostfunwayIknowinsteadof heapingonterminologyandtelling youwhatyou*shoulddo,insteadof exploringandfindingoutwhatYOU like I’mnottryingtomakeyou

HOWTO-BLENDER

something,Iwantyoutohavefun withyourcomputer.Thatisthe reasonforthisissue,itisOKifyou haveabeaninsteadofanegg,I wantustoworkwithwhatyouhave andnotstrivetocopyme100%. (Mineissomisshapen,itisactually hollowonthesideyoucannotsee... XD).

Right,withthatoutoftheway, letuscontinue.

Movingyoursculptureisdone viathepanelontheleftifyouare in‘Layout’.SinceIamsureyouall knowhowtochangefromsculpting tolayout,Iamjustgoingtomosey on.

Whenyouclickanactioninthe panellike‘move’,rotate,orscale, youneedtoclickonyourobjectas blenderdoesnotknowwhich objectyouintendtomove,should youhavemultiples.Sotheprocess isclicktheaction,thenclickthe object,andoncethe‘tool’displays insideyourobject,youcandothe action.Doesitsoundconfusing?Try it.Ifyourobjectisselected,thetool willappearinsideyourobject immediately;ifnot,youneedto clickonyourobjectagain.Letme explainaboutthetool.Whenyou clickonsay,‘move’(whichisalso

grab bonuspointsifyouknowthe keyboardcombination!),ared,blue andgreencrosshairshouldappear withinyourobject.Ifitdidnot,your objectwasnotselected.This confusedtheheckoutofmewhenI trieditforthefirsttime.

Blenderisapowerhouse,so therewillbealottolearn,butthe rewardsaregreattoo.Youcan createmovingandstillwallpapers &backgrounds-thataregenerated FORyouwithaminimumofeffort. (Maybewecanlookintothatafter this?).Sodon’tgiveupyet.Evenif youthinkyourpenguinbodylooks likechewedbubblegum,thatis fine,movebacktopreviousissues andputsomeoversizedeyeson yourpenguinandbeproud.I’dlove tocontinuechattingwithyouguys, butIhavegoneovermyspacein theMagazine,sobetherenext issue…wecanmakemagic!

ErikhasbeeninITfor30+years.He hasseentechnologycomeandgo. Fromrepairingwashingmachinesized harddriveswithmultimetersand oscilloscopes,layingcable,toscaling 3Gtowers,he'sdoneit.

H HOOWW--TTO O

WrittenbyAlanGerman

Areyourunninga32bit

computer?DoyouhaveLinux Mint,perhapsVersion19.3(Tricia), installed?LinuxMintVersion19.3is along-termsupportversion; however,thepackagewillreach end-of-lifestatusinApril,2023.

WhilenewerversionsofMint areavailable,theproblemfor32bitmachinesisthatmainstream LinuxMintdroppedsupportfor suchprocessorsasofVersion20 (Ulyana).However,recently,Mint’s developersannouncedtheLinux MintDebianEdition(LMDE5), codenamedElsie,thatoffersanew leaseonlifeforoldercomputer hardware.

itselfbasedonDebian.In consequence,thebasicfeaturesof thedistroandmanyofits embeddedapplicationswillbe familiartoMintusers.

WhileMint’swebsitedoesn’t appeartoprovideanend-of-life dateforLMDE5,theDebian11

(Bullseye)basesystemwillbe supporteduntilJune,2026soit seemsreasonabletoassumethat thisdatewillalsoapplytoElsie.

Thedesktopenvironment suppliedwithLMDE5isCinnamon (Figure1)whichismypreferred versionofMint.Anadded

advantageforthosewitholder hardwareisthatboth32-and64-bit versionsofLMDE5areavailable.

Downloadingthe32-bitversion ofLMDE5,burningittoaUSB drive,andbootingfromthisdrive soastoactivatetheinstaller,are standardoperations;however,the

PreviousversionsofMinthave allbeenbasedonUbuntuLinux; however,asthenameindicates, LMDEhasDebianasitsbase.The releasenotesforthepackage indicatethattheintentionis essentiallytohaveabackupsystem shouldUbuntueverceasetobe available.Thebenefitsofthis strategyforusersofprevious versionsofMintarethatMintis basedonUbuntu,andUbuntuis

HOWTO-NEWLIFEFOR32-BITMACHINES

installationprocessitselfdiffers slightlyfromthatusedforUbuntubasedversionsoftheoperating system.Inparticular,theoptions fordiskpartitioningaredifferent fromthoseusedbythemainstream installer,andMint’sinstallation guidehasnotbeenupdatedto reflectthis.

Initiallyascreenaskswhere LMDEistobeinstalledand providesoptionsforAutomated installationandManual Partitioning.Inmycase,themanual partitioningoptionwaspreferable asIwishedtooverwritethe existingMintpartitionwiththe newversion.Thenextscreen (Figure2)displayedallofthehard drive’spartitionsand,whileitwas obviousthatthepartitiontobe usedformyinstallationwas/dev/ sda6,therewasnoindicationof howthisshouldbeachieved.

Themethodappearstobeto right-clickthemouseonthedesired partition.Thisdisplaysapop-up contextmenuwithoneofthe optionsbeingAssignto/.This allowstheselectionofthepartition asrootfortheinstallationprocess.

providingthedual-bootGRUB menuandLMDE5beingloadedby default.Assuspected,manyofthe expectedapplications,suchas Firefox,Thunderbird,and LibreOffice,areindeedpresent outofthebox,makingElsiea welcomeandverycapableupdate for32-bithardware.

Alanisacomputerenthusiastbased intheGreatWhiteNorthwherehe maintainstheLinuxNorthblog.

Therestoftheinstallationis familiar–withasubsequentreboot

H HOOWW--TTO O

WrittenbyMarkCrutch

InteractiveMockupistheonly remainingnewextensionthat arrivedwithversion1.0formeto discussinthisseries.ButwhatI initiallythoughtwasgoingtobea simpletopictocoverhasthrownup afewquestionsandissueswhich willstretchthistopicouttomore thanonearticle.Tostartwith, though,let’stakealookatthis extension,whatitdoes,andhowto useit.

WEB>INTERACTIVE MOCKUP

Thisextensionisintendedtolet youuseInkscapetocreateuser interfacemock-upswithsome limitedinteractivity.Itcouldalsobe usedtocreateasimpleslideshow,a basicadventuregame,ormore.It doesthisbyinjectingsomesimple JavaScriptintoyourdocument,so thefinalfilehastobeloadedintoa webbrowserinordertoproduce theinteractivitysuggestedbyits name.

Butlet’sstartwithaquick definition:the“interactive”mock-

upsI’mreferringtoherearelittle morethanaseriesofstaticimages containingclickableregionsthatlet younavigatebetweenthem.Ifyou weremockingupaseriesofdialog boxestoforma“wizard”typeof interface,youcouldusethis extensiontodetectaclickonthe “forward”and“back”buttonsin yourimages.Eachclickwould switchtoanotherimageinthe sequence,allowingyouto demonstratehowyourpotential userinterfacemightworkbefore youactuallystarttocodeit.

Anotherexampleiswhen mockingupawebsite.Perhaps you’vegotaseriesofimages,one foreachpageinthefinalsite, createdusingadesigntoolorfrom ascannedsketch,butnotyet turnedintoactualHTMLcode. Usingthisextension,youcould combinethoseimagesintoa workingdemonstrationofhowthe pagemightoperate,completewith clickablemenusandlinksfor movingbetweenthedifferent pages.

I’mgoingtousethislatter

exampletoshowyouhowthis extensionoperates,bymocking-up averysimple3-pagewebsite.Just makesureyouunderstandthatthis approachcouldbeusedtoletyou linkanyseriesofimagestogether, andisn’trestrictedtowebsites.The reasonit’sfoundintheExtensions Websubmenuissolelybecause thefinalresultisafilethathasto beopenedinawebbrowserin ordertowork.

Viewboxx,y,width,height:0,0, 1920,1080(theseshouldbeset automatically)

Thelasttwoitemsaren’tso important,butensuringwehavea scalevalueof1.0meansthatwe canusespecificpixeldimensionsin ourpagedesign,sincethere’sa1:1 mappingbetweeneachpixelinour drawing,andthecorresponding pixelon-screenoncethepageis renderedbythebrowser.

Let’sstartwiththemainhome pageformywebsite.Thiswillbe thestartingcontentwhenthe documentisloadedintoabrowser, andwilldefinethephysicalsizefor thewholepresentation.Inthis case,I’mgoingtodemothesite usinganHDmonitor,withthe browsersettofullscreenmode(by pressingF11),meaningI’llhave everyoneofthose1920×1080 pixelstoplaywith.Tobeginwith, therefore,I’llopentheDocument Propertiesandsetmydocumentup asfollows:

Displayunits:px

PageSize:VideoHD1080p(1920× 1080px)

fullcirclemagazine#185 34 contents^ Nowtoaddsomecontenttothe page,startingwithahomepage.It

Scalex:1.0

won’twinanydesignawards,butit willdothejobfordemonstrating thisextension(above).

Thekeypartofthedesignisthe sectionatthetopright.That’s whereIwanttohavelinksto navigatebetweenpages.Thoseare theelementsthatwillbecome clickableinordertomovefrom pagetopageinmymock-up.Of course,inordertobeabletodo this,weactuallyneedsomepages tomoveto!Timetocreatethe secondentryinmymock-up:the “About”page.

Thisiswherethingsstarttoget alittletricky.Weneedournew pagetohavethesamedimensions asthefirstone.Ifwewerecreating

theseascompletelyseparatefiles, thatwouldbesimpleenough-just createanewdocumentwiththe samepropertiesasthefirst.In practice,I’dprobablyjustuseFile> SaveAs…onthefirstdocument, theneditthecontenttosuit,but eitherapproachwouldcreate multiplefiles,eachwiththesame basicpageproperties.Butthis extensiondoesn’tlinkbetween separatedocuments,sothat approachisnogood.

either.

Whatitactuallydoesisinject someJavaScriptthatwillchange theviewBoxattributeonthe<svg> element.Thisisanapproachthat hasbeendiscussedinthiscolumnin thepast,withrespectto“SVG sprites”(part79,inFCM#139). Morespecifically,theextension actuallyonlychangesthefirsttwo numbersintheviewBox–theones thatdefinethetop-leftcornerof theview.Theothertwonumbers thosethatdefinethewidthand height-remainfixed,soit’spretty muchessentialthatallourmock-up pagesarethesamesize.

Ifindthattheeasiestwaytodo

Anothersensiblemethodwould betocreateeachimageona separatelayer.Thatwayallthe imagessharethesamedocument properties,bydefinition.Butthis extensiondoesn’tworkwithlayers,

fullcirclemagazine#185 35 contents^ HOWTO-INKSCAPE thisistoenablethesnap-to-page optionandthendrawarectangle fromthetop-leftcornerofthe pagetothebottom-right. Alternatively,youcouldsimply drawarectangleanywhereand thensetitswidthandheighttothe correctdimensionsviathetool controlbar.Ineithercase,youwant toendupwitharectanglethatis thesamesizeasyourmain documentpage,butyoushould thendragitoutsideofthepage boundary.Repeatthisforeach frameyouwillrequireinyourmockup,sothatthenew‘pages’are distributedaroundthereal Inkscapepage,anddon’toverlap.It doesn’tmatterifthey’rearranged inarow,column,grid,orrandomly

HOWTO-INKSCAPE

placed,sodon’tgetunnecessarily caughtupinthepositioningofeach page.

Nowyoucandrawthecontent ofeachimagewithintheconfines ofitsrectangle.Asyouarelikelyto needsomesortofbackground colorinyourmock-up(evenifthat colorisonlywhite),Isuggestgiving eachrectangleasolidfillandthen lockingit,orthelayeritliveson,to avoiditbeingaccidentallymoved whendrawingontopofit.

Followingthisapproach,the selectionofpagesinmymock-up websiteendsuplookinglikethe imageonthepreviouspage, bottomright.

Nowthatwehavesomepages inplace,wecanstartaddingalittle interactivityusingtheextension. ThefirstthingI’mgoingtodoisto ensurethatthe“About”linkonthe HomepageconnectstotheAbout page.Theextensionrequiresyouto havetwoelementsselected:inthis caseI’llselectthe“About”text elementonmyHomepage,then holdShiftasIclickonthe backgroundrectanglethatencloses theAboutpage.Withthosetwo itemsselected,Icanclickon Extensions>Web>Interactive

Mockup,tobepresentedwiththis ratherunderwhelmingdialog.

Asyoucansee,there’snothing butaHelptabandan“Action”popup.Thelatteroffersvariouswaysin whichinteractingwiththefirst elementinyourselectionwill switchtheviewBoxtopointtothe secondelementinyourselection. Mostofthetimeyouwillprobably wanttoleavethissetas“click”.In almostallcases,therefore,there’s nothingforyoutodoherebutto clickonthe“Apply”buttonand closethedialog.

Nothingwillhavechanged visiblyinyourpage,butthe extensionhasaddedsome JavaScripttothefirstelementin yourselection.OpentheObject> ObjectPropertiesdialogand expandthe“Interactivity”section; you’llnoticeasmallpieceof JavaScripthasbeenaddedtoone ofthefields(youmayalsonotice thatthelistoffieldsavailablein

thisdialogmapssuspiciously closelytotheoptionsinthepop-up withintheextensiondialog).

I’lllookattheJavaScriptitselfin future,butfornowit’ssufficientto knowthatthisiswhatisultimately responsibleforchangingthe viewBoxwhenthefirstselected elementisinteractedwith(i.e. clickedon,inthiscase).Atthis pointyoucansavethefileasa normalInkscapeSVGdocumentand loaditdirectlyintoawebbrowser. Browsersdon’tactuallymakethis capabilityterriblyobviousthese days,butyoucaneitherdragthe filedirectlyintothebrowser window,orhitCtrl-Otobringupan OpenFiledialog,justasyoumight inanyotherprogram.

Whenthepageloadsinthe

browseryou’llprobablynoticethat someofitiscut-off.

Thismightseemalittlestrange, giventhatwe’reworkingwitha scalableimage,butitboilsdownto thefactthatwesetaspecificwidth andheightforthefile,inpixels,in theDocumentPropertiesdialog. Youmayrecallthattheintention wasforittofitthedimensionsof anHDscreenwhenthebrowseris switchedtofullscreenmode.Press F11,therefore,andourmockweb pagefitsperfectly!

Nowwecantestthe interactivity.Clickonthe“About” linkand,asexpected,theview switchestotherelevantmockpage inourdocument.Atthispoint, however,nootherlinkshavebeen setup,sowecan’tclickthe“Home” buttontoreturntotheprevious view.NeithercanyouusetheBack button(orkeyboardshortcut) withinthebrowser,sincetheURL hasn’tactuallychanged–the JavaScripthasjustdynamically updatedthecontentofourpagein ordertosetthenewviewBox. Let’sreturntoInkscapeandfix someoftheseissuesbyadding morelinks.Firstweneedtoadda connectiongoingfromthe“About”

HOWTO-INKSCAPE

linkontheContactspagetothe rectangleoftheAboutpageitself, injustthesamewaythatwedid withthepreviouslinkfromthe Homepage.Withthatinplaceit’s nowpossibletojumptotheAbout pagefromeitheroftheothers.As thisshows,it’sokayforthesame elementtobethetargetofseveral differentlinks.

WealsowantboththeHome andAboutpagestolinktothe Contactspage.Wecouldconnect eachlinkitemindividually,aswe’ve beendoingsofar,butthe extensionoffersasmallshortcut thatcanhelpus.Ifyoucallthe extensionwithmorethantwo objectsselected,thelastoneis usedasthetarget,andallthe othersarelinkedtoit.Thismeans thatwejusthavetoselectthefirst “Contact”element(ontheHome page),thenholdShiftwhileweclick onthesecondone(ontheAbout page),andcontinuetoholditwhile weclickonthetargetbackground rectanglefortheContactspage.

Withallthreeitemsselected we’llnowuseanotherlittle shortcut,offeredbyInkscapeitself. Weknowwedon’thavetochange thesingleparameterwithinthe extensiondialog,sowecanjustuse

Extensions>PreviousExtensionto runtheextensiondirectly,without havingtointeractwiththedialog. TheJavaScriptisaddedtobothour menulinksasonestep.This approachmakesitquickandeasyto finishalltheremaininglinks betweenourthreepages.

Withthatdone,allthatremains istosavethefile,reloaditinthe browser,switchtofull-screen(F11) ifneeded,andclickthefakelinksto switchbetweenallthreepagesof ourmocked-upwebsite.Prettycool stuff,right?

Ofcoursethisisallwelland goodifyou’vecreatedyourmockupswithinInkscape.Youcaneasily selecttheindividualobjectsthat aretoactastriggers.Butwhatif your “page”isactuallyabitmap image,exportedfromapaint programorscannedfromasketch onanapkin?Oritmightbeamore complexInkscapeimage,withyour objectsnesteddeeplyinsidea rangeofgroups,makingittrickyto selectboththetriggerandthe targetelementatthesametime.In thosecases,there’sasimplelittle trickthatcanhelpyouout:just drawfreshelementsoverthetop ofyourpagewhichwillactasyour triggersand/ordestinations.

Startwithasimpleshapewitha coloredfillthatcoversyourtrigger itemcompletely.Itdoesn’teven needtobearectangle,ifyour designcallsforsomethingmore complex.Giveitalittleopacityso youcanseewhatyou’redoingas youstarttoaddmoreofthemto caterforeverypossiblelinkinyour mock-up.Usetheextensiontoadd theinteractivitythen,justbefore saving,settheopacitywaydownon thesenewshapes.Youcansetitto zerotoensurethey’renotvisibleon thepageatall,butthatdoesmake ittrickiertoreselectthemfor editinglater.Ausefultrickistoset theiropacityto1:thisisusuallyso transparentthatthere’snohintof themonthefinalpage,butthey’re mucheasiertoselectinInkscape itselfiftheyneedtobemodifiedin future.

Withthisapproach,it’sfairly trivialtoturnevenaseriesofpencil sketchesintosomethingthat’s interactiveenoughtoworkasa proof-of-conceptdemo.Wantto improvetheUIofyourfavourite OpenSourceapplication?Before wadinginwithacodeeditor,you couldtakesomescreenshots,edit theminTheGIMP,andusethis extensiontotestoutyourideason

otherusersfirst.

I’msureyoucanseehowthis simpleextensionmakesitvery quickandeasytocreateinteractive mock-ups.Foralotofsituations, thismaybeallthatyouneed,but nexttimeI’lltakealookatsomeof theproblemspresentedbysucha simplesystem,andhowtheycanbe addressedwithjustalittleextra

effort.

MarkusesInkscapetocreatecomics fortheweb(www.peppertop.com/) aswellasforprint.Youcanfollow himonTwitterformorecomicand Inkscapecontent: @PeppertopComics

WrittenbyRichardAdams

Thismonth,we’regoingtofi i h ourlookatoneofUbuntu’ drawingprograms,specifically doingdiagramslikeflowcharts DIA,theopensourceanalogue Visio.

AQUICKRECAPON

INSTALLINGANDLAUNCH

DIA

HitthekeycombinationCT ALTTonyourkeyboard.Thatk combinationwillstartaTermin command-linesession.InTerm type: sudo apt-get install dia andhitEnter.Answeranyprom appropriatelyandDIAwillbe installed.

LAUNCHINGDIA

NowthatDIAis installed,clicktheApp Drawer(9whiteboxesin agrid,bottomleftofyourscreen): TypeDIAatthetopofthe

lsofreehanddrawing hirdboxinthe createanellipse:

Let’stryaddingaZigzagline (3rdrow,4thitem).Usethesame processtoconnectthedecisionbox totheellipseasweusedlastmonth toconnectthefirstboxtothe decisionbox.Clickona‘node’once youseethefirstboxchangecolor asyouhoverthemouse thenhover

Richard'Flash'Adamslivesinrural northAlabamaandhasbeena computersupporttechnician,a businessanalyst,asoftware salesman,asalesanalyst,aQCteam lead,andisnowdisabled/retired.He enjoysreading,NFLfootball, computerandvideogames,cooking, andplayingwithBaby,hiscockatiel. Feedbackandsuggestionsare welcomeat acer11kubuntu@gmail.com.

M

ICCRROOTTHHIISSMMIICCRROOTTHHAAT T

WrittenbyGregW.Walters

BACKNEXTMONTH

GregWaltersisaretired programmerlivinginCentralTexas, USA. Hehasbeenaprogrammer since1972andinhissparetime,heis anauthor,amateurphotographer, luthier,fairmusicianandapretty darngoodcook.Hestillistheowner ofRainyDaySolutionsaconsulting companyandhespendsmostofhis timewritingarticlesforFCMand tutorials.Hiswebsiteis www.thedesignatedgeek.xyz.

U

TS

IC

M

YO

INNIIOON N

Asyoumayknow,Iworkedfor anOEM,wesuppliedmachines tolargeentitiesaswell,like governments,andIhadtodealwith governmentofficialsregarding computersforschools,etc.A favouritetacticoftheirsistotake thecheapermachineswithLinux andrenegeontheagreementas soonaspaymentisdue,regardless ofthecontract,insistingthey wantedWindowsasweare pawningoffSUBSTANDARD!!! goodsonthemintheformofLinux. (Youhavetorememberthese peopleareshoweredwithjunk fromMicroshaft,lanyards,flash drives,mugs,etc,thatLinuxdoes notgive.)

Thiskindofthingcarriedoverto largecompaniesIusedtoworkfor, donatingalltheiroldworkstations toschools,withSkoleLinux(or PCLinuxOS)loadedfortheschools, byyourstruly,andsetupwithall thenecessaryaccountsand softwarebeforeshippingittothem (thisisalotoflabour).Usually withinaweek,thosemachineshave piratedcopiesofWindozeonthem, the‘excuse’beingthatthekids

needtolearntousewhatthey woulduseina‘real’business.

Again,shippingshippingcontainer-classrooms,filledwith Linuxlaptops(OLPCclones)to variousAfricancountries,tofind thatwithinaweekorsoyoucannot doremoteadministrationanymore. Youfindtheyhavebeenloaded withWindows,nomatterthatitis

''F

re

'L

nowuseless,basicallyturtles stampedingthroughpeanutbutter, itisperceivedyouaredumping someoperatingsystemtokeepthe kidsback,insteadofitbeingthe otherwayaround.BecauseTHEY (thereceivers)nowloadedsay Windows7withOffice2010ona machinewith512MBofmemory andtinyflashdrive,madeforLinux, NOTWindoze,youarenowthebig

bad,labelledasdumpingjunkon Africa.

ThereisaperceptionthatLinux isinferiorbecauseitdoesnotwork withX,YorZ,byyouraveragestiff. ThoughtheLinuxkernelprobably runsmoredevicesthananyother OS,opinionsare‘me’centric,as usersdonotcare;theywantto walkintotheirlocalWalmart(just anexample),pickupthecheapest, crappiestprinter(insertperipheral here),withoutlookingatthe compatibility,gohomeanditmust work.HereMicroshaftwithits bottomlesswalletrulestheroost, payingmanufacturerstogetthat WorkswithWindowslogoontheir goodsandgettingdrivers.Once theyhavegainedthemonopoly, theyhavenowchangeditaround wherethemanufacturershaveto payMicroshafttobecertified. However,therabbitholeisdeeper. Nowfortheunpopularopinion.

Nowdon’tgetmewrong,these peopleonthereceivingendwill poseforphotosandsmilebig smiles,etc,aslongasstuffisfree,

MYOPINION

andbadmouthyouassoonasyou leave.Iusedtoseeitallthetimeas Iusedtodoprojectmanagement forthelogisticsforwellmeaning Europeanorganizations.Ifound thatsomeplacesjustkeepon giving,regardless;example:ABET Centres(AdultBasedEducation& Training).Thecomputersarestolen thenightafterdelivery,andmore aresent,andthisprocessjust repeatsuntilthecomputersare foundontrashheapsasthestolen marketissaturated.(Thisdoesnot stopthemfrombeingstolen, weirdly,orthedonorstostop sending.)Becausethingsare handouts,andnobodyworksfor them,thereisnoincentivetolook afterthem.Iunderstandcharity, butIthinkthereshouldbesome sortofexchange(Itdoesnothave tobemoney),togivetheLinuxPCs donatedbywellmeaningsouls,a value.Sohereismyopinion,Linux isperceivedtohavenovalue,and Windowsasvaluable,becauseall these“free”PCscomewithit.(Now myopinionisbasedonprojectsin Africa,fromUgandatoAngolaand manyplacesin-between,Icannot commentonotherplacesinAsia, etc).

Myreasonforsayingthisisthat duringoneofMarkShuttleworth’s

LinuxDays(rememberthefreedom toasters?),wehandedoutfreeCDs, tofind80%oftheminthetrashat theshoppingcentrewewereat. Thenextdaywe“sold”themfora 50cdonationandsuddenlythere werenoneinthetrash.Theynow hada“value”,littleasitwas–itwas “valuable”.

AmItooharsh?AmIlookingatit thewrongway?It’sonlyanopinion afterall.

ErikhasbeeninITfor30+years.He hasseentechnologycomeandgo. Fromrepairingwashingmachinesized harddriveswithmultimetersand oscilloscopes,layingcable,toscaling 3Gtowers,he'sdoneit.

H

OWW--TTO O

WrittenbyRonnieTucker

GUIDELINES

Thesingleruleforanarticleis thatitmustsomehowbe linkedtoUbuntuoroneofthe manyderivativesofUbuntu (Kubuntu,Xubuntu,Lubuntu,etc).

RULES

•Thereisnowordlimitforarticles, butbeadvisedthatlongarticles maybesplitacrossseveralissues.

•Foradvice,pleaserefertothe OfficialFullCircleStyleGuide: http://bit.ly/fcmwriting

•Writeyourarticleinwhichever softwareyouchoose,Iwould recommendLibreOffice,butmost importantly-PLEASESPELLAND GRAMMARCHECKIT!

•Inyourarticle,pleaseindicate whereyouwouldlikeaparticular imagetobeplacedbyindicating theimagenameinanewparagraph orbyembeddingtheimageinthe ODT(OpenOffice)document.

•ImagesshouldbeJPG,nowider than800pixels,anduselow compression.

•Donotusetablesoranytypeof boldoritalicformatting.

REVIEWS GAMES/APPLICATIONS

Whenreviewinggames/applicationspleasestateclearly:

• titleofthegame

• whomakesthegame

Ifyouarewritingareview, pleasefollowtheseguidelines: Whenyouarereadytosubmit yourarticlepleaseemailitto: articles@fullcirclemagazine.org

TRANSLATIONS

IfyouwouldliketotranslateFull Circleintoyournativelanguage pleasesendanemailto ronnie@fullcirclemagazine.organd wewilleitherputyouintouchwith anexistingteam,orgiveyouaccess totherawtexttotranslatefrom. WithacompletedPDF,youwillbe abletouploadyourfiletothemain FullCirclesite.

• isitfree,orapaiddownload?

• wheretogetitfrom(givedownload/homepageURL)

• isitLinuxnative,ordidyouuseWine?

• yourmarksoutoffive

• asummarywithpositiveandnegativepoints

HARDWARE

Whenreviewinghardwarepleasestateclearly:

• makeandmodelofthehardware

• whatcategorywouldyouputthishardwareinto?

• anyglitchesthatyoumayhavehadwhileusingthehardware?

• easytogetthehardwareworkinginLinux?

• didyouhavetouseWindowsdrivers?

• marksoutoffive

• asummarywithpositiveandnegativepoints

Youdon'tneedtobeanexperttowritean article-writeaboutthegames,applications andhardwarethatyouuseeveryday.

WrittenbyAdamHunt

ThisfifthreleaseofUbuntuUnity isitssecondlongtermsupport version(LTS)andthegoodnewsis thatitisbetterthanthelast release,correctingsomeissues.

BeinganLTS,UbuntuUnity 22.04LTSissupportedforthree years,untilApril,2025.

INSTALLATION

IdownloadedUbuntuUnity 22.04LTSfromtheofficial BitTorrentrepositoryon fosstorrents.com.Thereisnowonly one.ISOfileforbothBIOSandUEFI usesothatmakesiteasytofigure outwhichonetoget.

IdidanMD5sumcheckonthe downloaded.ISOfilefromthe command-line,asthatistheonly checksumprovided,anditproved thatthedownloadwasgood.

IusedaUSBstickequippedwith Ventoy1.0.73totestoutthis release.Ventoyallowsdragging anddroppingasmanyLinuxorBSD distributionsaswillfitonthestick andgivesachoiceofwhichoneto

tryoutonboot-up.Thatmakes testingallveryeasy!

SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS

UbuntuUnitydoesnotstateany minimumsystemrequirementsbut itisprobablyreasonabletoassume thatitisthesameasthe mainstreamUbuntu:adualcore2 GHzprocessorand4GBofRAM.

Itesteditonanine-yearold desktopPCwithadual-core3.3 GHzprocessorand6GBofRAM anditperformedwell.

NEW

Aswithallpastreleases,thereis anewwallpaperincluded,witha “JammyJellyfish”indarkpurple shades.Thereare23different wallpapersprovided,oryoucanuse yourownfavoritewallpaper instead.

Asidefromsomebugfixes,this releaseincludesFlatpaksupport andhastheFlathubrepository enabledbydefault.

Theprojectannouncedin October,2021thatitwas establishingitsownsnapstoreto becalledthe“lolsnapstore”,but therehasbeennofurthernewson thatandtherelatedwebsitehttps:// lolsnap.org/isnotupandrunning yet.

Mostoftherestofthechanges relatetothechoiceofapplications provided,describedbelow.

SETTINGS

UbuntuUnityhas,fromthe start,offeredagreatdealmore usersettingchoicesthanUbuntu itselfdoes,bothinwallpaperand themes.UbuntuUnity20.10 introducedtheuseoftheUnity TweakTooltogivebetteruser controloftheoptions,andit workedwelluntilthelastrelease, UbuntuUnity21.10.Inthatversion, thetweaktoolwasabsent,and wheninstalleditjustcrashed.The releaseannouncementdidnot mentiontheissue.Thisdeficiency limitedthemechoicesandalso meantthatonceyouselecteda

REVIEW

newtheme,thedefaulttheme

couldnotberestored.Oneofthe mainrolesfor“standard”releases like21.10istogetthingsworking sothattheLTSisflawless.

Inthiscase,theLTSisnottotally flawless,butitisprettygood. UbuntuUnity22.04LTSbringsthe UnityTweakToolback,andit works!Theonlyincongruityisthat theregularthememenuat

Settings Appearanceofferstwo windowthemes,AdwaitaandHigh Contrast,andtheTweakTooloffers twodifferentones,thelight-color Yaru-unityandthedarktheme Yaru-unity-dark.Onceyoufigure outthatyouhaveachoiceoffour windowthemes,andthattheyare selectedfromtwodifferentplaces,

itallworksfine.

TheTweakToolalsooffers36 iconsetsandsixcursorstyles,so UbuntuUnity22.04LTSretainsits focusonprovidinglotsofuser choices.

APPLICATIONS

Someoftheapplications

includedwithUbuntuUnity22.04 LTSare: ArchiveManager(FileRoller)3.42.0 filearchiver Atril1.26.0PDFviewer CUPS2.4.1printingsystem DocumentScanner(SimpleScan) 40.5opticalscanner Firefox99.0.1webbrowser**

GnomeDisks42.0diskmanager

GnomeTerminal3.44.0terminal emulator* Gparted1.3.1partitioneditor

ImageViewer(EyeofMATE)1.26.0 imageviewer

LibreOffice7.3.2officesuite MATESystemMonitor1.26.0 systemmonitor

Nemo5.2.4filemanager Pluma1.2.6texteditor

PulseAudio15.99.1audiocontroller Remmina1.4.25remotedesktop client

Rhythmbox3.4.4musicplayer*

Shotwell0.30.14photomanager

StartupDiskCreator0.3.13USBISO writer

Thunderbird91.8.0emailclient Transmission3.00-1bittorrent client*

UbuntuSoftware(Gnome Software)41.5package managementsystem

Unity7.5.1interface

UnityTweakTool0.0.7settings manager VLC3.0.16movieplayer

*indicatessameapplicationversion

asusedinUbuntuUnity21.10

**suppliedasasnap,soversion

dependsontheupstreampackage manager

Removedthisreleaseare: Cheesewebcamapplication

EvincePDFviewer*

GDebi.debpackageinstaller GnomeCalendardesktopcalendar GnomeScreenshotscreenshottool GnomeSystemMonitorsystem

REVIEW

monitor*

ImageViewer(EyeofGnome) imageviewer*

Synapticpackagemanagement system

TextEditor(gedit)texteditor*

Videos(Totem)movieplayer*

*mentionedasremovedinthe releaseannouncement

Addedthisreleaseare: AtrilPDFviewer*

ImageViewer(EyeofMATE)image viewer*

MATESystemMonitorsystem monitor* Plumatexteditor* VLCmovieplayer*

*mentionedasaddedinthe

releaseannouncement

Thisreleasecontinueswiththe Unity7.5.1interfacewhich,as noted,isnotanewversionthistime around.Unity7continuestobea reallysoliddesktopthatstilllooks verymodernandisveryefficientto usewithitskeyboardshortcuts. Therewasanannouncementlast yearthatworkisproceedingona replacementforUnity7,called UnityX,buttherehasbeennonews sinceAugust2021onhowthatis proceeding.Atthispoint,Unity7 workssowellthatthereisreallyno needtoquicklyreplaceit.

LibreOffice7.3.1is,onceagain, suppliedcomplete,lackingonlythe LibreOfficeBasedatabase

application,whichcanalsobe installedfromtheUbuntu repositories,ifneeded.

Ascanbeseenfromthelists above,fiveGNOMEapplications wereremovedandreplacedwith fiveequivalentsfromtheMATE desktop.Thesechangeswere describedinthereleasenotes. MATEis,ofcourse,aforkoftheold GNOME2desktop,andthesefive addedapplicationsareallforksof theirGNOMEequivalentsandall lookandworksimilarly.Therelease notessaythiswasdonebecause they“fitinwithUnity’sUIbetter”.

Anumberofunannounced removalswithoutreplacements werealsomade,leavingUbuntu

Unity22.04LTSwithnodefault webcamapplicationorscreenshot tool.Itisnotclearwhythese,and someoftheotherremovalslike SynapticandGdebi,weremade,but theycanbereinstalledfromthe repositoriesifneeded. Theoveralltrendseemstobeto replaceGNOMEapplicationswith MATEonesbutitwillbeinteresting toseehowtheapplicationmix changesoverthenext developmentcycleleadingto UbuntuUnity24.04LTSdueoutin April,2024.Asnotedinthepast,a bitmoreinformationintherelease noteswouldbehelpfultoboth usersandreviewers.

REVIEW

CONCLUSIONS

UbuntuUnity22.04LTSisasolid releasewithnoobviousbadhabits orissuesidentified.Thereturnof theUnityTweakToolisawelcome additiontothisrelease,asitworks well,andthismeansUbuntuUnity 22.04LTSisbetterthanits predecessor,21.10.

UbuntuUnitycontinuestooffer itsusersalotofcustomization choices,plusauniquemixof defaultapplicationsfromthe GNOMEandMATEdesktops.Itis goingtobeinterestingtoseehow thisdistributioncontinuesto evolveovertimeasthenext developmentcyclerampsup.

EXTERNALLINKS

Officialwebsite:https:// ubuntuunity.org/

AdamHuntstartedusingUbuntuin 2007andhasusedLubuntusince 2010.HelivesinOttawa,Ontario, Canada,inahousewithnoWindows.

R

WrittenbyAdamHunt

Note:Duetotherespectfuland reverentialtoneusedinFullCircle, almostnoGetSmartjokeswillbe made.

Continuingourseriesabout

Linuxdistributionsthatarenot fromtheDebianandUbuntu family,thismonthwelookatKaOS, anindependentLinuxdistribution withsomeinterestinggoalsthat setitapartfrommostother currentdistributions.Itaimstouse onetoolkit,onedesktop,andone hardwarearchitecture,toproduce thebestpossibleresultforusers, withoutmanycompromises.

ThetoolkitisQt,thedesktopis KDE,andthearchitectureis x86 _64,whichmeansitwillrunon IntelandAMDprocessor-powered 64bitcomputers.Thissharply focusedsetofaims,plusnineyears asarollingrelease,meansthatyou wouldexpectadistributionthatis highlyrefinedandittrulyis.

BACKGROUND

KaOSwasstartedin2013and wasinitiallycalledKdeOSfor“KDE OperatingSystem”.Thename causedsomeconfusionwiththe KDEdesktopitselfandpotential copyrightissues,too,soin September2013,thenamewas changedtoKaOS.

BecauseKaOSisarolling release,therearenospecificpoint releases.Instead,usersgetregular updatesincludingapplication updatesand,everyfourtosix weeks,anewdownloadversionis postedfornewcomerstousefor installation.EachpostedISOfile

justincorporatestheupdatesto thatpointintime,thusreducing theupdatesneededafter installation.OnceyouhaveKaOS installed,theregularupdate processwillkeepitup-to-date,and thereisnoneedtoinstallanew version,ever.

Whiletherollingrelease conceptdoesmakemanagingyour installationeasy,ithasthe potentialdownsidethatasthe softwaregetsupdated,particularly thekernel,oldhardwaremayfall outofsupportandtheoperating systemmaystopworking.

KaOSisaLinuxdistribution,so thekernelthatpowersitisLinux,of course,butthedevelopershave theireyeson,oneday,movingto theUnixIllumoskernel.

Beinganindependent distribution,KaOSisnotbasedon another,“up-stream”distribution; insteaditisbuiltfromscratch.The developershavealsocreatedtheir ownsoftwarerepositorywith2,212 applicationscurrently,whichare eachcustommaintainedforKaOS.

Despitethefocuson applicationsthatusetheQttoolkit, theKaOSdevelopersadmitthat therearesomeGTKtoolkit-based applicationsforwhichthereisno Qtequivalent,liketheInkscape vectorgraphicseditor.Also,while thereareafewQtbasedweb browsers,theytendtobelackingin featurescomparedtotheirGTK cousins,andsodownloadsfor thoseareprovidedinthe repository.

fullcirclemagazine#185 52 contents^ Theofficialwebsiteprovides gooddocumentation,includinga

REVIEW

pagetosearchforapplication packagesavailable,andevena completeapplicationslist.

GETTINGKAOS

Theadvantageoftheone desktop-onetoolkit-one architecturefocusisthatKaOS offersonlyonedownload–soit’s easytofigureoutwhichversionto download.Thewebsitedownload pagepointsyoutoanumberof mirrorsthathostthesingleISOfile, allusinghttpsfordownload,with nobittorrentoptions.

IgottheKaOS-2022.02x86 _64.isofile,whichisthe February2022update,fromthe

SourceForgemirror.Thedownload isafairlyhefty2.8GBinsize,soyou expectitwillcomewithlotsof applicationsandfeaturesandit actuallydoes.

AnSHA256sumisprovidedand itisalwaysagoodideatorunthe testtomakesureyouhavean uncorruptedISOfiletoworkwith.

INSTALLING

IusedVentoy1.0.72toputthe ISOfileontoaUSBstickfor booting.WithaVentoy-enabled stick,youjusthavetocopyand pastetheISOfiletothestickusing yourfilebrowser.Thereisno unpackingorinstallationprocess,as

Ventoyhandleseverything seamlesslyonboot-up.Itestedout KaOSoveraseriesoflivesessions.

TheKaOSwebsitenotesthat neitherUnetbootinnortheRufus ISOwriterforWindowswillwork withKaOS,butIcanreportthat Ventoyworksperfectly.

SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS

Despitehavingreasonablygood documentationonitswebsite, KaOShasnospecifiedminimum hardware,probablybecause,ina rollingreleaseoveritsnineyear history,systemrequirementsarea movingtarget.

ItriedKaOSoutonanineyearolddesktopPCwithadual-core IntelCorei3-21203.30GHz processorand6GBofRAMandI canreportthatitranwell.

TRYINGOUTKAOS

Onfirstboot-upKaOSpresents averyclean-lookingKDEdesktop, withthetaskmanagerbar unusuallylocatedontherightside ofthescreen,puttingthemenu buttonatthetop.Thedefault wallpaperisanabstract,gray, geometricdesign.Theinitial impressioniscleansimplicity.

TheversionofKaOSIgotwas aboutsixweeksoldatthetimeof

REVIEW

mydownloadandtherewasalready over1GBofupdatesavailablefor installation.Rollingreleasesdo tendtohavelotsofupdatesasnew applicationversionsbecome available.

Becauseitisbasicallyan unmodifiedKDEdesktop,theusual methodoflaunchingapplicationsis fromthemainmenu,whichworks well.There,applicationscanbe searchedandselectedfrom categorizedsub-menusorfromthe “allapplications”sub-menu.Itis flexibleandunobtrusive.Some iconshavealsobeenputonthe taskbar,includingfortheweband filebrowsers,forquickaccess.

SETTINGS

BecauseKaOSusestheKDE desktop,ithasahugearrayofuser choicesforcustomizationincluding twothemes(lightanddark),and fiveglobalthemes,withMidnaas thedefaultplusBreeze,Breeze Dark,BreezeTwilight,and MidnaDark.Therearealsoseven Plasmastyles,40windowborder colorchoices,sixwindow decorationschemes,fiveicon themes,twodifferentcursor schemes,threedifferentboot-up splashscreens,and48really tastefulwallpapers.Ithinkthis helpsexplainwhyitisa2.8GB

download!

Findingthetaskbarontheright sideofthescreenisalittle unconventional.Itcanberelocated toanyscreenedge,though,soI movedittothebottomwhichputs the“K”menubuttoninthebottomleftcorner.Thatlookedbetterto mebutitmightjustbemyLXQt userprejudices.Iconsandthebar widthcanalsobemadebiggeror smaller.

KaOSoffersalotofuser choices,soitiseasytomakeitlook andworkprettymuchhowyou want.Theimpressionitgivesisof beingelegantandwell-considered.

ThisKaOSversioncamewith KDEPlasma5.24,Linuxkernel 5.14.21,andusesan implementationoftheWayland protocoldisplayserverbydefault. Theinitializationsystemissystemd 250.3,andthecommand-line packagemanagerisPacman.

KaOSdoesnotusethevery lateststableLinuxkernel,but intentionallylagsforatleastsix weeksuntilthenextmajorupdate. Asthedevelopersexplain,“the kernelisaboutthebiggestcause forbreakageinarolling

APPLICATIONS

UnlikesomedistributionsIhave recentlyreviewed,including Fedora,SliTazandVoidLinux–whichallcomewithaminimallistof applications,KaOSactuallyarrives prettycomplete.

Thedefaultapplicationsinclude:

Arc21.12.2archiver

Calamares3.2.51operatingsystem installer

Croeso1.10appearanceand packagecontroller

Dolphin21.12.2filemanager

Elisa21.12.2musicplayer

Falkon3.2.0webbrowser

Gwenview21.12.2imageviewer

Haruna0.7.3videoplayer

K3B21.12.2CD/DVDburner

Kamoso21.12.2webcam

Kate21.12.2texteditor

KDEPartitionManager21.12.2 Konsole21.12.2terminalemulator

Kwrite21.12.2texteditor

LibreOffice7.3.0.3officesuite

MPV0.34.1mediaplayer

Octopi0.13softwaremanager

Okular21.12.2PDFviewer

Quassel0.14.0IRCclient

SimpleScreenRecorder0.4.3screen videorecorder

Spectacle21.12.2screenshotutility Vim8.2.4227texteditor

distribution,thatiswhythispolicy.”

REVIEW

Aslongasthatlistis,ithassome oddities.Forinstance,ithasthree differenttexteditorsbutno bittorrentclient,although Transmission-Qtisinthe repositoriesifneeded.

Thedefaultwebbrowseris Falkon,initscurrent3.2.0version, whichdatesto31January2022. Falkonisabrowserwithgood potentialandoneofthefewQtbasedonesavailablerightnow,but ithassomedrawbacks.Notablyit hasfewextensionsandcanbeabit ofaRAMhog.Abiggerconcernis thatversion3.2.0isthefirstrelease inalmostthreeyearsandFalkon wasstartingtolooklike “abandonware”thereforawhile. Webbrowsersaresensitiveto securityissuesandmostget updatedeveryfourtosixweeks. Falkonotherwiseworkswelland hasaniceinterface,itjustneedsa dedicateddevelopmentteamto provideitwithmoreregular attention.

TheKaOSdevelopersdo acknowledgetheshortcomingsof FalkonandsotheCroesosoftware storeandtheOctopisoftware manager(whichissimilartothe GTKSynaptic)offersomealternate

GTK-toolkitbrowsers,including Firefox,Chrome,andOpera,plus theQt-basedOtterBrowser.

Thereleasenotesforthe 2022.02downloadindicatethatthis isthefirsttimeWaylandhasbeen offeredbydefault.Quiteanumber ofaccommodationswererequired toswitchfromtheXdisplayserver toWayland.Allthebugsarenot quiteresolvedand,whenyouopen SimpleScreenRecorder,for instance,youarewarnedthatit doesn'tsupportWayland,only X.org.

Ofinterest,LibreOfficeis suppliedcomplete,includingthe LibreOfficeBasedatabase applicationthatmanyLinux

distributionsomit,duetobeing rarelyused.Isuspectthatjust providingLibreOfficecomplete simplifiespackageadministration, morethanfittingaparticularuser case.

Eventhoughtherearealimited numberofpackagesprovided,the useofthePacmanpackage managerallowsuserstocompile theirownpackagestofillinany needs.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall,theapproachofusinga singletoolkit,desktop,and architecture,seemstoworkwell forthisdistribution,givingita

sharpfocus.Nothavingtomakea lotofcompromisestoprovide softwarethatisnotagoodfit,or thatcausespackagingissues,also contributesandcutsdownthe supportrequirementsbylimiting thenumberofsoftwarepackages. Theendresultisapreciseand elegantdistribution.

Ifyouarelookingtogetasmart Linuxdistributionthatputsyouin control,thenKaOSisdefinitely worthacloserlook.

EXTERNALLINKS

Officialwebsite:https:// kaosx.us/

AdamHuntstartedusingUbuntuin 2007andhasusedLubuntusince 2010.HelivesinOttawa,Ontario, Canada,inahousewithnoWindows.

L

Ifyouwouldliketosubmitaletterforpublication,compliment

PLEASE NOTE:

Joinuson: facebook.com/ fullcirclemagazine twitter.com/#!/fullcirclemag linkedin.com/company/fullcircle-magazine ubuntuforums.org/ forumdisplay.php?f=270

Withoutreaderinput

FullCirclewouldbean emptyPDFfile(whichIdon't thinkmanypeoplewouldfind particularlyinteresting).Weare alwayslookingforarticles, reviews,anything!Evensmall thingslikelettersanddesktop screenshelpfillthemagazine.

SeethearticleWritingforFull Circleinthisissuetoreadour basicguidelines. Havealookatthelastpageof anyissuetogetthedetailsof wheretosendyour contributions.

Q

&A A

IfyouhaveaLinuxquestion,emailitto: questions@fullcirclemagazine.org, andErikwillanswertheminafutureissue. Please include as much information as you can about your query.

Welcomebacktoanother

editionofQuestionsand Answers!Inthissectionwewill endeavourtoansweryourUbuntu questions.Besuretoadddetailsof theversionofyouroperating systemandyourhardware.Iwilltry toremoveanypersonally identifiablestringsfromquestions, butitisbestnottoincludethings likeserialnumbers,UUIDs,orIP addresses.Ifyourquestiondoes notappearimmediately,itisjust becausethereissuchalot,andIdo them,first-come-first-served.

I

amratherpeevedasIsitdownto answerthequestionsreceived,as wellasre-writequestionsalready answeredfromclients.FCMisrun bycommunityvolunteers.This meanswedonotgetpaid,and evenifwedid,wearenotatyour everybeck-and-callandwillnot standforabuse.Ifyoureachoutto someoneonTelegram,theleast youcandoisbefriendly.Tellingme whatIWILLdo,willgetyou blocked,becausethatistheonly ‘WILL’Iwilldo. Idon’tknowifitis mejustgettingolderorthenext

generationsjustgettingtoo entitled,butaskingmeforhelp thenthreateningmeifyoudon’t getyourway,likeaspoiledchild, willgetyounohelpatall. Remember,Icannotseeyour machine,Idon’tknowwhatyoudid, ifyoudon’ttellme-andthe tutorialyouarefollowing,mayhave anerror.Theycouldalsoassume, likeIsawinthelastone,thatyou, forinstance,hadLuapreinstalled, thatdoesnotshipwithUbuntuby default.Sostampingyourlittlefoot andtellingmeto“fixit”,whilst tellingmehows#1tUbuntuis,I ratherthinkyouarenotworthmy time.Also,complainingthatno-one willteachyouLinuxandthenbeing atotalasshataboutitwhen someonerecommendsyouread aboutacommandonlywanting instantfixeswithoutputtingeffort inwillgetyounowhere.Showyou did,ortriedsomething,yourself;I trieda,bandc,butitdidnotwork, or,itgavemethiserror.Itmaybe totallywrong,butatleastitshows youarenotagrabberonly.Ifyou don’tknowwhatanapplication does,eithersayyoudon’tordon’t sayanythingatall.Justbecause

yousawsomethingonavideo,does notmeanitdoesitbydefault. Spectrumanalysersonlydisplayan outputiftheyreceivesomesortof input.Iamapersonwhoenjoys followingtutorialsalso,butusually Iliketoknow“howitworks”,soI candomyownthing.Idon’twant whateveryoneelsehasandthen trytoshowitoffonmyown. Monkeysee,monkeydoisone thing,butunderstandingbrings freedom.Iamhonestlygetting tiredofpeoplethinkingweare withholdingsomething,whenthere isnoonecommandfix.Mainly,stop demanding,nobodyowesyou anything.I’vesaidmypeace,now let’shelppeoplewhohave manners.

A:I’mnotsurethatICANhelp youout.However,ifyouhave tosteal,stealwithyoureyes. Trawlingtheinterwebsgaveme this:https://github.com/retgal/ dayon-writteninJavaandthecode isavailableforyoutoperuseand learnfrom.

Q:I’mlearningJavaandIdecided towriteanAnydeskclonefor Ubuntu,tolearnabouttheinner workingsofsocketsand networkinganddisplay.I’mreally badatitandwantedtoknowif anyonecanpointmeinadirection tostart.Googlewashelpfuluptoa point,butnowI’mstuckinthemud. Canyouhelpmeout?

Q:WherecanIlearntousethe terminal?Itseemsthat everythinginLinuxcanbedone betterandfasterfromthe terminal.

A:Youprobablymeanwherecan youlearnbash–I’dsuggest spending$10atUdemyandtake oneoftheirbashintroduction courses.BydefaultUbuntuships withbashandonceyouknowbash, itiseasytoswopovertoanother shellinyourterminal.

Q:Ubuntusoftwarecentreisa bitlackingandIfoundthatthe snapstorehaslaterversions.How canItakemycurrentdeb-appsand

Q&A

convertthemtoSnaps?Iwas specificallylookingatBlender,butI canupgrademorethanjust Blender.

A:Iflackingversionsisyouronly concern,thenmaybetrytofind aPPA?Anyway,backtoyour question,youneedtoinstallyour Snapfresh,thencopyyourdotfiles andconfigurationfilesanddata filestowheretheSnapfilestores theirs.Payattentiontowhereyour blenderbrushesetc.arestored,as youwillneedtoreplicatethefolder structure.Thesamewillgofor otherapplications.

A:Man!Ithought18to1wasbad,butyoutakethecake.OK, youneedtolookoutsidethe Ubuntusoftwarecentre.Maybe Focuswriteristhere,buttry Bibisco,Ithinkwedidareviewonit inapreviousissue.https:// bibisco.com/or“oStorybook”; https://ostorybook.tuxfamily.org/ v5/?lng=en

A:YesandNo.Ubuntu19.10won’tgostraightto22.10,you willneedtogotothenextversion first.Thatsaid,22.10isnot availableforupgrade.See:https:// www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/08/ ubuntu-22-10-release-new-features

seemsthatgksuisnotavailablein Ubuntu22.04anymore.The applicationneedstorunasrootand isnotanissueasitisonaclosed networkbehindalockeddoor,so noneedtolecturemeonsecurity.

A:NoLecture.Ithasbeena

Q:Greetings!Ihavebeendistro hoppingabitandIfindthat Ubuntu–Iamcurrentlyusing Kubuntu–hasthemostboringman pagesever.Ihavetriedafew tutorialsonmakingmyterminal pretty,butthemanpagesstay bland.

Q:IrecentlyinstalledUbuntu20.04alongsidewindows.Ihad thissetupbeforewith18.04andI hadnoissues.NowIcan’taccess filesbetweenoperatingsystems. Thisismydmesg<removed>and thisismyspecs<removed>.Thisis mywindowsversion<removed>it updatesitself.

whilealready.Seehttps:// itsfoss.com/gksu-replacementubuntu/

Q:Iamusingyoutube-dltograb somestuffIwanttolearnasI haveanissuewithmywifi,itwill hangeveryhourorsothenIneed toturnthewifioffandonagainfor ittowork.CanIgotoprisonforit?

Q:IhavebeenUsingUbuntuon andoffforabout8yearsnow anddecidedtocutthecordwith windows.Onethingthatstayedby mewastheonlineapplicationsI used,sotheOSwasnotahuge issue.Itried,andreallylikednovlr, but$10amonthisgettingtoo muchastheydon’tdoregional pricingandthedollarisgettingtoo expensive,it’s350to1atthe moment.WhatfreeUbuntu softwarecanIusetoreplaceit?

A:Hiyourself,withoutmereinventingthewheel,Iwill pointyouhere,itisthepageryou areusing:https:// unix.stackexchange.com/questions/ 396950/howtoconfigurethe keybinddings-of-most-a-pager-inlinux

A:AQuickglanceatyourtexts

revealthatyouareusingafile system/Partition,thatWindowsis toodumbtoread.Installyour UbuntuwithEXT4andyoushould begolden,thetoolsonWindows sidecanreadEXT2,3and4.

A:Whenyouwanttohitadog, youwillfindastick.Thatsaid,if atreefallsinaforestandno-one hearsit,diditstillmakeasound? Solicitorswearenot,andany advicewegiveonlegalmatters, shouldbeignoredbyeveryone, includingdogs.

Q:ItriedupgradingUbuntu19.10 toUbuntu22.10,butIdon’tsee how.Canyouhelpme?

Q:SoIamabitconfusedasto howIamsupposedtorun applicationsasrootin Ubuntu.I wasusingUbuntu14.04untilnow, duetoanautomationapplication notrunningonlaterversions,butit

Q:Onwindows7,mylaptopHP 650,usedtodisableandenable bluetoothandwirelesswiththe sameswitch,theoneafterthe

Q&A

other.InUbuntu,itisturnedintoan on/offswitchforboth...atthe sametime.Ican’tcontrolthem separatelylikeIusedto.Istherea waytofixthis?

cantestitbybootingoffyour installmediumandtestingitthere andthen.Ifitworks,itissome applicationmisbehaving.

A:Yes,petitionHPtowriteyoua driverifyoucannotfindoneon theirwebsite.Itisadriverissueand theyprobablydidsomecodingto makeitdoathree-takeinsteadof on/off.Youcanalsoputabounty onitforoneoftheprogrammersto makeitforyouforLinux.

Q:Ismydrivebad?Ihaveoneof thefirstgenerationSSD’s installed,soitmaybecrap.Iran fsck,andI’mnotsurewhy,butit wouldnot.Then, Rowan>studio~sudotune2fs-l/ dev/sd2|grepchecked

newoneisnotXubuntubutGnome, soIinstalledbaseXubuntuanddid someprettyingbeforeIranintoan issuewithmykeyboardlayoutinFF. IfInowswitchkeyboardlayoutsin Ubuntu,FFdoesnotfollowas before.WhatamImissing?

Q:MylibreOfficehasjuststoppedworking.Igetabanner andthatisall.Noerror,no warnings,nothing.Itwasworking yesterday.

Q:WhenIclosemylaptoplid,my machinegoestosleep,but openingthelid,machineseemsto wakeup,thepowerledturnson andthedisksspin,butnotthe display.NothinghappensifIpress thepowerbutton,soIhavetohold thepowerbuttontoshutdown, thenrestartthedamnthing.Itis makingmehate22.04.

Password: tune2fs:Nosuchfileordirectory whiletryingtoopen/dev/sd2 Couldn'tfindvalidfilesystem superblock. HowcanIfixitplease?

A:Assomeonewhoalsousedto useVoyager,itisprobablythat Voaygercomeswithallthe languagelocalesalreadyinstalledin Firefox,IusedtoremovethemasI didnotusethem.

A:Iwouldsuggestschedulinga fsckonyourdiskfornextboot andrebootASAP. Ifitstillgivesyou issues,I’dsuggesttryinganother version,likeaSnaporAppimage.If thatworks,maybeuninstall LibreOfficeandrebootingandthen reinstallingit.

A:Sinceyoudidnotprovideme withmuchtogoon,I’dsuggest startbyturningoffthingslike screensaversandCPUsavers.Then lookatthingsthatdopowersaving. Irathersuspectyourissueis somethingotherthantheOS.You

A:Typo.UsuallyinUbuntu,drives arenamedsda2orsdb2you havegotjust“sd2”there,meaning Ubuntuhasnosuchdriveavailable toscan.Fsckwillnotrunwhileyour driveismounted.Type: sudo touch /forcefsck ontherootpartitionandreboot.

Q:IwasusingVoyagerXubuntu forthelastfewyears,butthe

Q:IgotamessageinmyGmail aboutwelcometoChromeand Windows,butIdon’tuseeither.SoI changedmypassword,yesIwas sloppypaul1234567890-,to somethingbetter,butnowIneed tochangeitinThunderbird.Thisis notvalidformeanymore:https:// support.mozilla.org/gu-IN/ questions/1366740(googleresults)

A:Youneedtogoto“Edit”>

“settings”(not“account settings”)>“PrivacyandSecurity”> “SavedPasswords”Itishiddenhere inthenewversions.

fullcirclemagazine#185 59 contents^ ErikhasbeeninITfor30+years.He hasseentechnologycomeandgo. Fromrepairingwashingmachinesized harddriveswithmultimetersand oscilloscopes,layingcable,toscaling 3Gtowers,he'sdoneit.

U UBBUUNNTTUUGGAAMMEES S

WrittenbyErik

INSTALLATION:

Website:https://stoneshard.com/

Price:$1025USD

Blurb:“Stoneshardisachallenging turn-basedRPGsetinanopenworld. Experiencetheunforgivinglifeofa medievalmerc l thewar-tornk contracts,figh anddevelopyo anyrestriction

Havingplay yearsago timetogiveit itnativelysup Thoughthega quiteplayable stillbugs).

Firstofall, gorgeous.Alo intothepixel butt-load.Also meanIstillpla cryinginabuc moredepth.

S Sttoonneesshhaarrd

BothGoGandSteaminstallers worklikeacharmonUbuntu.No needtofussandeveniftheweb pagesaysUbuntu18.04,itworks quitefineonotherversions.You cangrabthedemooffSteamifyou

wanttohaveagoatit,butIwillbe usingtheGoGin-development versionforthistest(version 0.8.0.xx).AswithGoGinstallers,itis asimplenextnextnextandyou haveadesktopiconandyouare readytogo.WithSteam,theSteam installerdidalltheheavyliftingand

itwasalsoclickandplay.Thegame doesnotseemtobeavailable anywhereelse.

SOUND:

Asyoumayrecallfromthelast review,Istumbledacrossthistitle avealisten: e.com/watch? yNorihiko shauntingand asterful.Pawel llthe uringthegame littleupbeat ly,Iam yssOSTatthe getup-n-at willbeonthe mywords!The andIlikeit. oguelike, elements. “earlyaccess”, emysound y.Itisfixedby llseewhen1.0

UBUNTUGAMES

GRAPHICS:

Thisiswherethegamealready shines.Eventhoughthegamewent forthepapercut-outaesthetic whenitcomestoanimation,itis stillafeastforyoureyes.Theyalso madetheirowncharacterportraits. WhileIamsayingallofthis,nothing issetinstone,onlyshards,pun intended,asthedisclaimerwilltell you.Everythingissubjecttochange beforethefinalrelease.

Thingslikecandlesprovidelight, andthelightingeffectscanbeseen passingclosetoalightsource.Text isniceandclear,inbrilliantwhite, andreactionsinbrightyellow. Passingbehindobjectsmakesthem semi-transparent,thoughitishard tomakeoutwhatishidden sometimes.Ihaveoftenfounda coin(crowns),thatIknowhad dropped,difficulttofindbehindan

object.Ontheplusside,any weaponsandarmourthatyour characterequips,isreflectedonthe graphic,alwaysanicetouch.The “prologue”,aka,thetutorial,has notreallychanged,butthemain gamehasalotofchanges.The menusarelargeandinformative andeasytonavigate,makingit simpletopickupandplaythe game.TheHUDisclearandeasyto seeandnavigate,anditdoesnot interferewiththeviewport.

GAMEPLAY:

Fun. (Spoileralert!)Iwasn’tgoingto saymore,butthefactthatthe gamecomeswithatutoriallevel thatWILLkillyouintheend,it beatsoutotherroguelikesthatkill youinthefirstfewturns.Yougeta chancetoexperienceeverything; heh,Igot‘drunk’twicejustto experiencetheeffect(which honestly,wasmorelikeahorror game,butinterestingnone-theless!).

Inoticedthattherewerealot less‘diarypages’layingabout,thus notslowingthegamedownas before.Thismeansthepaceofthe gameisapeppyloot-n-shootfrom theolddungeoncrawl.IfIwereto compareittoDungeonCrawlStone Soup(oftenreferencedasoneof THEtoprogue-likegamesfor Linux),Ihonestlythinkthisfeels better,butkeepingthesame gameplay.Iunderstandthestatic models,wherepeopletrytomimic tabletopgaming,butifyouwantto immersethenextgeneration,you cannothavegraphicsfrom1984,

UBUNTUGAMES

sorryStoneSoup.Thatsaid,thereis alotofstiffcompetitionoutthere whenitcomestothegameplayand graphicsinmodernIndieroguelik

itch.Beware!!Thegameis addictive,andwithalltheeye candy,youmaymisssupper.Ispeak fromexperience,havingtodrink ld ff th

Stoneshard Wiki),andmakeup yourmind.I’dsay,ifyoucangeta dealonit,takeit!The$24.99at GoGatthetimeofwritingistoo i hf bl d Ih th

character.Sobesuretowatchout forthat.

khasbeeninITfor30+years.He seentechnologycomeandgo. mrepairingwashingmachinesized ddriveswithmultimetersand illoscopes,layingcable,toscaling towers,he'sdoneit.

MONTHLYPATRONS

ROON

AlexCrabtree

AlexPopescu

AndyGaray BillBerninghausen

BobC BrianBogdan CBinMV Darren DennisMack DevinMcPherson DougBruce ElizabethK.Joseph EricMeddleton GaryCampbell GeorgeSmith HenryDMills HugoSutherland Jack JackHamm JasonD.Moss

JoaoCantinhoLopes

JohnAndrews

JohnMalon JohnPrigge

JonathanPienaar JosephGulizia

JT KevinO'Brien LeeAllen LeoPaesen

LindaP MarkShuttleworth MossBliss NormanPhillips OscarRivera PaulAnderson PaulReadovin RinoRagucci RobFitzgerald RobinWoodburn RoyMilner ScottMack SonyVarghese TaylorConroy TomBell Tony VincentJobard VolkerBradley WilliamvonHagen

SINGLEDONATIONS

2021: FloydSmith DaleReisfield JanÅgren LindaPrinsen melvynsmith FritsvanLeeuwen RaymondMccarthy RobertKaspar FrankDinger

KenMaunder BrianKelly JánosHorváth RonaldEike JohnPorubek HansvanEekelen KeesMoerman JonLoveless JimHibbard

2022: FritsvanLeeuwen MarcusCarlson LouisWAdamsJr LindaPrinsen JamesFlanagan PeterHorlings PatrickMartindale FrankDinger JánosHorváth DanPrizner TODDWINTERS DouglasBrown

Thecurrentsitewascreatedthanksto LucasWestermann(ex-Command& Conquer)whotookonthetaskof completelyrebuildingthesite,and scripts,fromscratch,inhisowntime.

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FCM#186

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