Long Ago by Fun For Kidz

FACEB O OK. CO M/ FUNFO RKI DZ • FUNFO RKI DZ.COM

Presents... 3 Check It Out! 4 Paintings of the Past 8 A Boy Called Abe 10 Penny on Your Forehead 11 Cowboy Clark & Larry 12 Everyday Gadgets & Gizmos 14 Puzzles 16 Millie and the Milkman 19 Long Ago in Williamsburg 20 10 Good Ol’ Facts About Long Ago 22 Thank You, Christopher Columbus! 23 Vanished 24 Who’s Calling? 26 Mysteries From Long Ago 28 A Ride on a Boneshaker 29 Kids Corner and Ziggy’s Mail Zone 30 Puzzle Solutions 2

If you could step into a machine and travel back in time, what would you want to see or visit? This issue of Fun For Kidz shares some fun facts from long ago. Do you know what kind of phone you would have used 100 years ago? Or what kind of bike you would have ridden? You’ll find out in these pages. Have you ever wondered how you might have dressed long ago? How would you wear your hair? What might your favorite treat have been? Would it be the same as today? The photos below may answer your questions. The colored photo is of four cousins who read Fun For Kidz. They were enjoying their favorite treat, ice cream. The black-and-white photo is of Violet, the great-grandmother of these cousins. It was taken over 100 years ago, when Violet was close to the age of her great-grandchildren. She was also enjoying an ice cream treat. (When her photo was taken, color photography had not yet been invented. What else do you notice that is different?) Settle back in your easy chair and prepare to be entertained and informed on what you would be seeing on your time-travel trip. Ask your parents and grandparents what your greatgrandparents were like. How did they spend their time? What was their favorite treat? When you find out, send us an email (kidscorner@funforkidz.com) or snail mail (Fun For Kidz, 190 Sunset Drive, Bluffton, Ohio 45817). Be sure to include your name and home address. We will send you a reward for your effort!

by Evie Reece

When it came to money, Abe Lincoln was poor, but he had a rich sense of humor. Abe became well known for his storytelling skills. One of his favorite stories told of a classmate caught in the act of breaking a rule. The teacher asked the boy to come forward for his punishment. The culprit knew that the teacher would hit his hand with a ruler. (This was a common punishment in the early 1800s.) The boy’s hands were very dirty. On his way to the teacher’s desk, he spit on the palm

of his right hand and wiped it on his pants. Ready, he held out his partially clean hand. The teacher looked at the dirty hand and frowned. “Young man,” he said, “if you can find another hand in this schoolroom as dirty as that, I will let you off this time.” Instantly, from behind the boy’s back, came the left hand. “Here it is, sir,” said the student. “Take your seat,” said the teacher, accepting defeat.

Young Abe excelled at the game of marbles. Even after he grew up, when he saw a group of children playing marbles, he’d ask if he could join them. Abe was over six feet tall. It must have looked funny to see him kneeling on the ground. When he made a good shot, he chuckled. Abe usually won all the marbles, which he returned. After thanking the players, he continued on his way to work. Abe was a prankster, which usually got him into trouble. One story tells of a joke he played on his goodnatured stepmother. Because he liked to walk barefoot in Indiana’s sticky, squishy clay soil, he tracked muddy footprints on the cabin floor. His patient stepmother put up with scrubbing the floor. She did ask him to keep his hair clean, though. This way, the whitewashed rafters in the loft, where Abe slept, would not get dirty. The rafters hung just above his head. One can imagine young Abe staring up at the white rafters while lying in bed. He hatched a prank. The next day Abe asked some boys to wade in a gooey mud puddle. One by one, he picked up each boy and carried him into the house. Then he walked their muddy feet across the ceiling. When his stepmother saw what he had done, she laughed heartily. But Abe paid the price for his mischief. He had to clean all the mud off the ceiling.

Can you imagine seeing a person with a penny stuck to the center of her forehead? All you have to do is look in the mirror after you do this easy science experiment.

WHAT YOU NEED: a penny (or other coin) water

WHAT YOU DO Dip the penny into the water so it is wet. Place the penny flat against the skin in the center of your forehead. Press the penny hard against your forehead, then take your hand away. The penny will stay in place, stuck to your forehead!

THE SCIENCE SECRET Although we cannot see air, it’s real, and it’s all around us. Air behaves like water, and like water, air has weight that presses against things. Imagine doing this experiment under water. At first, water would be all around the penny, but when you put the penny against your forehead and pressed it, the water under the penny would be squeezed out. The water on the other side of the penny would then push its weight against the penny, and this would hold it against your skin. This is exactly what happens here, but with air instead of water. When you press the penny against your forehead, you squeeze the air out from under it. Then air in the room pushes its weight against the penny and holds it against your forehead. Wetting the penny makes it seal tightly against your skin so no air can squeeze back under it. If you don’t succeed the first time you try this experiment, try again. If the penny is not sealed tightly against your head, air will squeeze back under the penny. The penny can then fall off. After a few tries, you will be able to do this experiment perfectly. Then you can introduce your friends to the strange sight of a person with a penny stuck on her forehead. And that person will be YOU!

If you tip your head forward, the penny will not fall off. In fact, you can even wrinkle your forehead a little, and the penny probably will not fall off. What is holding it? Glue? Water? No, It’s . . . AIR!

“Scootch over,” Mrs. Whiskers demanded as she plopped down on top of Cowboy Clark’s leg. Cowboy Clark quickly tucked in his legs. “Tarnation, cat! You about crushed my leg.” Ignoring him, Mrs. Whiskers purred, “So which one of your two favorite topics are we discussing today? Chasing squirrels or how to beg for treats?” “No, something more exciting,” Larry said earnestly. “Did you know Cowboy Clark’s granddad was a real working farm dog?” Cowboy Clark piped in. “As I was saying before we were rudely interrupted, he once stopped a wolf from getting into the barn. He saved a whole mess of horses that night.” Larry shuddered. “That sounds scary.” Cowboy Clark continued. “He had to wait until a two-legger finally showed up. He barked so much he became hoarse.” “Wow. I’ve never seen a wolf, have you?” Larry asked. “Might’a one time, but can’t rightly say for sure, buddy” Cowboy Clark replied. Mrs. Whiskers purred, “Let me get this straight. Your granddad saved some horses, and as a result, he became hoarse?” She chuckled. Cowboy Clark barked in her ear. Mrs. Whiskers didn’t move. “You know, Mrs. Whiskers,” Larry said as he cocked his head, “I never hear you talk about your family or even your past. I bet you have good stories to share.” Mrs. Whiskers stood. “Well, you know that old saying, Larry? Larry shook his head no. “The past is your lesson, and the present is your gift. I prefer to live in the present. And now that I’ve presently spent enough time pleasantly providing you two my gift of time . . .” She turned and walked away. “Tootles, boys.” “Hey, remember you showed up uninvited. YOU wanted to spend time with US,” Cowboy Clark snarled. “Well, now that it’s in my past, I’ve learned my lesson. And I won’t make the same mistake in the future.”

Everyday Gadgets and Gizmos by Emma Lee Fairchilde Some of the most-used things in our world didn’t start out perfect. When a new gadget doesn’t work right, inventors try to fix it. Then we get even newer gizmos.

Getting It Together Long, long ago, people used bone pins to fasten their fur-skin wraps. But the pins became loose and let in those Ice Age drafts. Brrr!

Romans used fancy pins to hold together cloaks and togas.

Romans invented a kind of safety pin 2500 years ago. It was used to hold together the cloaks and togas they wore. Nothing held the point of the pin in except the weight of the fabric itself. If the fabric slipped, ouch! In 1849, an inventor came up with the modern self-sprung safety pin. People no longer had to worry about getting pricked by pins.

Write On To make it easier to write with graphite, people wrapped it in sheepskin.

Before pencils and pens, a fine-pointed brush made of animal hairs was used for writing and drawing. It wrote dark, but wet. It also smeared. People also used a small pointed tool to scratch letters onto wax tablets. But the lines it made were faint and hard to read. In the 1500s, some shepherds discovered a form of coal within the roots of a blown-over tree. People called it “wadd.” Today we call it graphite. Graphite made a line on paper that was wonderfully dark and dry. People couldn’t get enough of this stuff. By the late 1600s, cabinet makers were encasing strips of flat graphite in wood. These were the first modern-day pencils!

See how forks have changed throughout the years?

Let s Eat Until table forks were invented, eating meals with two knives or with your fingers was thought to be good manners. Then along came the fork. When it was invented in the Middle East, forks had two tines. They were used only in the kitchen to hold meat for carving. A smaller version appeared on Italian tables in about 1100 A.D. Table forks made their way to England in the 1600s, but it was considered wimpy to use one. And they were tricky to use because food fell between the two tines and diners’ laps! By the late 1800s, most forks had four tines.

If you lived in 1901, you might use a finger toothbrush to clean your teeth. ’

Don t Forget to Brush Without toothbrushes, you might be using cloth to clean your teeth. Or maybe you’d chew up the end of a thin stick, and rub the frayed edge across your pearly whites. People used whatever they could find. Modern-style toothbrushes were used in the 1700s, but inventors kept trying to improve them. One clever inventor thought a finger brush would get teeth cleaner!

More Gadgets and Gizmos Before electric toasters (1909), bread was toasted by holding it over an open fire with a stick or fork. The first toasters could brown only one slice of bread at a time, and you had to flip the bread by hand to toast the other side! When the flashlight was invented (1898), people thought of it as a toy. The first batteries weren’t very strong, so flashlights gave off short “flashes” of weak light. That’s how these hand-held lamps got their name.

Solve the Puzzles! by Stephanie Kelley

W E S T W A R D

You don’t want to head out on the Oregon Trail without one of these! An edible fruit found in mountains and by rivers Sometimes these reptiles caused trouble for pioneers. A group of wagons traveling together was called a wagon _____. The direction the Oregon Trail headed A wagon has two of these. Each one attaches two wheels to each other. An edible spotted fish found in streams on western slopes of the Rockies

H O

This canyon was an important crossroads on the Oregon Trail. HINT: Also a female deer Most travelers wore one to keep the sun and dust off of their faces. These important animals were necessary to pull wagons across the country.

Sacagawea Cro sswo rd Puzzle Help the Pony Express rider deliver a birthday card!

START

by Doris Fisher • illustrated by Rebecca Spohn

by Doris Fisher • illustrated by Andrew Wales

These words are associated with Sacagawea and the Lewis and Clark expedition. Can you place them in the grid? The letters for C A M P I N G are scattered for hints. JOURNALS INTERPRETER COURAGE PRAIRIE DOGS

MAPS SHOSHONE RIVERS CANOES

FORESTS HORSES OREGON BISON

G A

FINISH N C

BEARS PACIFIC OCEAN ROCKY MOUNTAINS

Find these hidden pictures:

©Liz Ball www.hiddenpicturepuzzles.com

ax pie ball bear cane hare knife turtle skillet spoon mitten 2 cups candle muffin shovel 2 birds 2 hearts canteen moccasin coffee pot horseshoe arrowhead

by Doris Fisher • illustration by Rebecca Spohn How did the pioneers travel west? Follow the directions. Then reading across and down, write the remaining words on the spaces below to discover the answer.

1. Cross out all toys. 2. Cross out all months. 3. Cross out all numbers. 4. Cross out states with four letters.

THREE

THEY

KITES

MARCH

RODE

BALLS

THIRTY

COVERED

JUNE

APRIL

IOWA

WAGONS

DOLLS

THE

TWENTY

MAY

OREGON

TEN

UTAH

JULY

TRAIL

OHIO

YO-YOS

Long ago, answers were printed on page 30.

____ ____ __ _______ ______ __ ___ ______ _____.

Millie and the Milkman by Marie Jones • illustrated by Joan Waites

Foreword When Amelia Earhart was a child, her love of adventure and independent nature set her apart from other girls of her generation. In 1932 she became the first woman to fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean. “Millie” was an outspoken champion of the mistreated. One of her favorite books, Black Beauty, stirred up Millie’s protective feelings toward animals. After reading it, she went about untying horses that belonged to cruel masters.

Amelia Earhart and her little sister, Muriel, (Millie and Pidge, as everyone called them) hid behind a giant cottonwood tree and peered at the milk wagon in front of cousin Lucy Chaliss’s house. Earlier that Saturday morning, they had watched helplessly as the milkman whipped his horse and pulled her reins up so tightly the bit cut her mouth. Ten-year-old Millie pulled herself up straight. “I’ll teach that milkman a lesson.” She slunk slowly toward the milk wagon and unhitched the reins. Millie stroked the old bay mare’s side, then smacked her on the rump. “Go on, girl!” The horse trotted down the narrow lane, the milk wagon tottering behind. The milkman charged out of the Chalisses’ house like an angry bull. He spotted Millie and Pidge racing around the corner of their grandparents’ house, where they lived during the school year. “Come back here!” he shouted, shaking his mammoth fist. The giggling girls hiked up their bloomers and high-tailed it to the woodshed behind the house. The big-bellied milkman disappeared down the lane, jogging after his runaway wagon. “Serves him right,” Millie said. The two sisters skipped to the kitchen for a glass of apple cider. When she was excited, Pidge’s eyes shone bright blue like Millie’s. “Why did you uncheck Mr. Markoff’s horse?” “Because I wanted to,” Millie said, lifting her jaunty chin. “You saw him. He beat her and reined her in so tight she could barely plod along.” Mother bustled into the kitchen carrying milk bottles.

“Mr. Markoff forgot the eggs,” she said. “Girls, run down to Larson’s General Store and get me a pound of macaroni. We’ll have that instead of omelets tonight.” Millie and Pidge burst out the door and ran into Grandmother Otis on the veranda. “Mercy me!” Grandmother said, with her hands perched on her hips. Grandmother thought girls should sit quietly, playing with dolls and sewing quilt squares. Millie turned up her nose at such activities. She liked running and having fun as much as boys did. As soon as Grandmother had gone inside, Millie leaped over the fence and yelled, “Race you to the store.” Millie skidded to a stop. The blue and black milk wagon stood in front of Larson’s store. “Wait outside,” she told Pidge. “I’ll see if Mr. Markoff is still in a bad humor.” Millie crept inside and hid behind a pickle barrel. The sharp odor of strong brine stung her nose. “There were two of ‘em,” Mr. Markoff said to Mr. Larson. “Let me catch those varmints now.” He held up a double-barrel shotgun. “They’ll be goners.” Millie shrank against the cold, damp barrel. She crouched close to the floor and inched out the door. “Run for your life!” she said, dragging Pidge across the road. “Mr. Markoff has a shotgun!” They ran past their grandparents’ house and scurried down the steep bank of the Missouri River. Pidge slid to the edge of the muddy water. Millie grabbed her bloomers just in time. They ducked into a dark sandstone cave. Millie brushed a wisp of her tousled bob away from her face. “I should have brought my 22.” Pidge’s eyes shone like mirrors. “Are you going to shoot Mr. Markoff?” “No, silly. I need the rifle in case I have to fire a warning shot. I’ll sneak back to the house alone and get it.” Pidge whimpered, “I don’t like it here.” Suddenly, a dark shadowy form swooped down and disappeared into a crevice. Pidge screamed. “I want to go home,” she wailed. “It’s only a bat,” Millie said. But she knew what had to be done. She would have to convince Mr. Markoff that Pidge was innocent and face him alone.

Still, soft shadows of early twilight fringed the clearing around the Otis house. Millie shivered at the sight of the milk wagon tied to Grandfather’s gas lamp post. The old horse beater had come for them. Millie swallowed hard. “Wait on the veranda, Pidge. If you hear a gunshot, run to Lucy’s house.” Slowly, Millie crept into the kitchen, where Mother was talking with Mr. Markoff. “What’s this about you and Pidge unchecking Mr. Markoff’s horse?” Mother snapped. Millie gulped. “Pidge didn’t do it. I did. He was mean to his horse.” She turned to face Mr. Markoff, who towered above her like a glowering giant. “Mr. Markoff,” Mother said, “I apologize for Millie. She should mind her own business.” Millie looked wide-eyed at the scowling milkman. “I’m not sorry I unchecked Bess. You were hurting her.” Mr. Markoff glanced down at his huge brown boots. “I guess I was a little rough with her. Bess is a good old mare, but when I saw those two coons eating my eggs this morning, I got mad. I’m gonna sit up all night. If those varmints come back, I’ll shoot ‘em!”

Millie steadied herself against the oak table. “Raccoons!” she whispered. She slipped out to the veranda to tell Pidge. “I don’t think Mr. Markoff will be mean to Bess anymore,” Millie said. She furrowed her brow. ‘’I’m going to start minding my own business, Pidge, and start acting like a lady. At least I’m going to try.” After dinner Millie dashed out to the lawn swing, scrambled onto the crossbar, and hung by her knees. Pidge climbed up and swung beside her sister. Cousin Lucy sat cross-legged in the grass. ‘’Whee-ee! This is fun!” Pidge shrieked. Pidge’s shout frightened a meadowlark nesting in a nearby field. It soared into the sky. Millie swung swiftly back and forth, watching the bird rise higher and higher. What fun it must be to fly high like a bird. “Someday I might fly through the air in one of those new aeroplanes Daddy talks about.” Millie said. “Fly in an aeroplane!” Lucy gasped. ‘’Why would you do a dangerous thing like that?” Millie fixed her determined gaze skyward. “Because I want to!”

Long Ago in Williamsburg

by Diane Winebar A family walks into one of the shops lining the street. Outside, friends greet one another. People are bustling about. This is a busy town, much like yours. But the townspeople are dressed differently from you. Frisky horses pull carts down the streets. The houses and buildings look different. This is Colonial Williamsburg, a living history museum. Here, it’s always the 1700s, and the large colony of Virginia still belongs to England. America is not yet a country. Reenactors dress, act, and even talk like the people who lived here in the eighteenth century. The shoemaker, dressmaker, blacksmith, and other skilled townspeople make things by hand. They are happy to demonstrate their crafts and answer visitors’ questions. You can have fun rolling a big hoop across a lawn, just like the long-ago Williamsburg kids. Try writing with a feather quill dipped into ink. Stomp around in soggy clay with your bare feet and help make bricks. You just might meet Thomas Jefferson if he’s in town. There’s music, dancing, magic shows, and stories told by firelight. At Colonial Williamsburg, you are 300 years in the past. And the best part is, you don’t need a time machine to travel there.

by Ann T. Rose illustrations by Deborah Johnson colored by Gaurakisora Tucker Let’s have tacos! Crunchy, crispy, corn tortillas oozing with spicy sauce, chock-full of sweet, juicy chunks of iguana. Iguana? Menus today might feature iguana tacos, ant burgers, or even hot dogs made from real dogs, if it weren’t for Christopher Columbus. In Columbus’s time, there weren't as many things to eat in Spain as there are now. If your crops failed, your animals starved. Then you starved. If a local war was fought, your crops were trampled and your cow was stolen. You starved then too. During famines, people ate anything to stay alive, including horses, dogs, cats, rats, and bugs. So when Columbus set sail in 1492, gold may have been tops on his list of things to find, but he was also looking for food. When the explorers bumped into the lush New World, they found an amazing, wonderful variety. The native people were expert farmers who grew things like corn, peanuts, and tomatoes. They ate chocolate, vanilla, and pineapples. But there was something missing! The natives didn’t raise big meat- or milk-producing animals. Indians ate flat cakes of ground corn spread with spicy sauces topped with crunchy, roasted ants or fat maguey worms. They flavored thick bean stews with chunks of iguana, rodents, or dogs. These were things the Spanish ate only during the worst of times. Columbus and his men took many New World foods home to Spain, but not iguanas. When Columbus came back to the New World, he brought 17 ships loaded with chickens, pigs, and cows. The collision of the Old and New Worlds was the beginning of modern ways of eating. New World foods like chili peppers, chocolate, potatoes, and tomatoes raced eastward around the globe. Livestock came west to the Americas. People in the New World began enjoying chicken, beef, pork, milk, and cheese. So the next time you eat a taco, give a little nod of thanks to Christopher Columbus.

by W. Richard Reegan • illustration by Mary Snyder Everyone aboard the small ship disappeared without a trace. Except for an occasional creaking rope or the flapping of a wind-whipped sail, the Mary Celeste drifted along in ghostly silence. Missing were the ship’s captain, his wife, their small child, and the seven crew members. This ship had left New York on November 7, 1872, bound for Genoa, Italy. Twenty-eight days later, the Mary Celeste was spotted near the Azores, islands off the coast of Portugal, by the crew of another ship, the Dei Gratia. “AHOY, THERE!” yelled the Dei Gratia’s captain. When there was no response, he ordered three of his men to board the silent ship. What they found only deepened the mystery. In the cabin, the helm spun around lazily. The ship’s shiny brass clock had stopped, and the compass was smashed to pieces. Other navigation instruments were gone. The bed in the captain’s cabin was neatly made, but there was an impression in the blanket, as though a child had lain there. One thing was certain: When the crew left the ship, they did so in a big hurry. They left behind their clothing, raincoats, boots, and even their pipes. They hadn’t even taken water. All the fresh water kegs were in place. Perhaps the strangest thing of all was the last entry into the ship’s log, dated November 25, 1872. A lone sentence, shakily scrawled, stated there were strange noises coming from the cargo area. But the cargo of 1701 oak casks of crude alcohol hadn’t been disturbed, although nine of them were empty. No one who had been aboard the Mary Celeste was ever seen or heard from again. Only the vast rolling ocean knows what occurred. But then, the sea never gives up her secrets. What do you think happened? Write to Kids Corner, PO Box 227, Bluffton, OH 45817-0227 or kidscorner@funforkidz.com, and let us know.

The phone is ringing! Long ago, clanging bells let you know when someone was calling. Now you can choose whatever sound you want on your cell phone. Early phones were big and clunky. Now phones are so small, you can hold them in your hand. At first, phones were just for talking. With today’s phones, you can surf the Internet, take pictures, listen to music, and do many other things. How did we get from the first phones to what we have now? Let’s take a look. Large Box Telephone - 1876 When Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated one of his first telephones, people were amazed! He spoke into the mouth piece on the right, and his voice came through a similar machine 15 miles away.

Wooden Wall-Mounted Telephone - 1880s To place a call on this phone, you had to turn the crank on the right. This signaled a telephone operator. You told the operator the number you wanted to call, and she connected you.

Desk Telephone These phones were a big step up because you didn’t need to crank for an operator. You just picked up the phone, and the operator was there.

Desk Dial Telephone When dials were put on desk phones, people could dial the number they wanted to place the call themselves. They didn’t need to talk to an operator.

24 24

Push-Button Telephone

Cordless Telephone

As the years went on, desk phones became lighter and came in different shapes and colors. Dials were replaced with push-button keypads.

Finally, a portable phone! You couldn’t stray too far from the phone’s base, but at least you could talk as you moved around the house.

The First Cell Phones

Flip Phones

This very early cell phone looked like a walkie-talkie. It weighed almost 2 lbs., was 13 inches tall, and cost nearly $4000! You couldn’t do anything but talk with it.

People flipped this phone open to talk into it. Cell phones were getting smaller, slimmer, and more powerful. Now you could take photos and send text messages.

Smartphones Today’s cell phones have touchscreens and sophisticated digital cameras. All the many apps are like little programs for your hand-held computer.

by Mary Reina If you have ever made a hand tracing or stencil, you recreated something prehistoric people did over 30,000 years ago. Hand stencils are found in caves all over the world. Why did ancient painters leave such personal signs of themselves? Most experts don’t think they did it for fun. Cave painting was just too difficult and dangerous. Most stencils were painted in deep, dark caves. Painters had to walk through pitch-black tunnels. Hand-held torches provided their only light. It would have been easy to trip over a rock, fall into a hole, or surprise a wild animal. There was no such thing as buying supplies in a store. Prehistoric people made their own paint. They would grind and pound charcoal or red clay and mix it with liquid, like cave water. Then a person placed a hand against the cave wall, took a mouthful of paint, and sprayed it around the hand. They might have blown paint through a hollow tube. Less often, they spread paint on their hand and pressed it against the cave wall.

Two and three middle fingers closed: Whoever made these hand stencils held some fingers close together.

Some stencils show the entire hand, with all the fingers spread out. Others look as if the painter held some fingers close together. Ancient people may have used the different combinations as a kind of sign language. But there is no way of knowing what messages they were leaving.

by Diane Winebar Hand stencils weren’t the only things prehistoric people left behind in caves around the world. Paintings and drawings of animals, people, and mysterious symbols also are found on cave walls and ceilings. Some caves have rock carvings cut into the walls. These are known as petroglyphs.

Reproductions of Altamira cave paintings are in museums. This protects the original art from light, fingerprints, and even people’s breaths. Can you see the boars, stags, and other animals?

The ancient paintings, drawings, and petroglyphs in the Cave of Altamira in northern Spain are famous. Wild horses, bison, mammoths, deer, rhinos, and other animals are shown standing, running, or lying down. Altamira has handprints too. There are even figures of people. When Altamira’s cave art was discovered in 1879, people thought it was a hoax. They couldn’t believe that prehistoric people of 20,000 years ago could create such magnificent art. The artists had painted over the bumps on the cave walls and ceiling. This actually makes the animals look as if they are moving. Did prehistoric people use cave art to tell stories and express their beliefs and ideas? Were they describing good hunting areas? Maybe. But then why is most of the art hidden so deep inside caves? Narrow passages and darkness would keep people away. Who would see the paintings? These are just some of the mysteries of prehistoric cave art.

Close-up of a bison

How would you enjoy riding a boneshaker or a dandy horse instead of your bicycle? If you lived 200 years ago, you would be thrilled to have any kind of riding machine. Many people came up with their versions of something to ride. A Frenchman built a wooden contraption called the velocifere in 1790. The rider sat on a cushion and used his feet to move forward. There were no brakes and no way to steer. Then a German created the earliest twowheeler in 1819. Named the dandy horse, it had a way to steer, but you used your feet to push it forward and glide. (See illustration.) This was the first balance bike. Later models didn’t become popular until 2013! In 1864, a French father and son team designed a machine with an iron frame. The wooden wheels were wrapped in an iron rim. Pedals were attached to the front wheel. It was called the boneshaker because of the way it shook the rider as he rode on bumpy cobblestone streets. Today there are all kinds of bicycles. What will riding machines be like in 50 years? Will they even resemble the bikes of today? Maybe they will glide off the ground like a hoverboard. Use your imagination, and draw what you think the bike of tomorrow will look like. Send it to us at Fun For Kidz, and we’ll share it with our readers. Who knows? Maybe your drawing will look like the real bike of tomorrow.

Send Us...

your stories, photos, drawings, poems, and jokes & riddles for publication! We can’t wait to see what you send in! EMAIL TO: kidscorner@funforkidz.com

OR MAIL TO: Kids Corner, PO Box 227 Bluffton, OH 45817-0227

by Ivan

Winter is the Warmest by Matthew Lin, age 9

Winter is the warmest season. Oh, you say you want a reason? Is it warm when snow piles high? It is if you’re snuggled inside. When it’s storming, when it’s raining, I stay indoors without complaining. Other people like to ski Or sled down a hill, but not me. While you’re shivering in your jacket, I’m in the house tearing open a hot cocoa packet. I don’t mind spring - I’ll make that clear. But winter’s my favorite time of the year. ATTENTION READERS!

Hi Ziggy! Here are some of my favorite jokes. Q. What time is it when the clock strikes 13? A. Time to get a new clock Q. What’s worse than finding a worm in your apple? A. Finding half a worm Q. Why did the student eat her homework? A. Because the teacher said it was a piece of cake Q. Why did the snake cross the road? A. To get to the other s-s-s-side Love your magazine! Dahlia Forrester Los Angeles, CA

Write to Ziggy, the Fun For Kidz dog. If you write to Ziggy, he will write back to you! Send letters to: Fun For Kidz, Attn. Ziggy PO Box 227, Bluffton, OH 45817-0227

Dear Ziggy, I really like the tree issue. I have a big tree that I climb in my backyard. One day I was climbing, and I saw a squirrel. He was more surprised than I was. Keep up the good work! Your friend, Zak Rohr Newark, OH

Dear Ziggy, I am glad that school started again. I really miss it during the summer. I am in 5th grade now and just turned 10 years old. I have been getting Fun For Kidz for 3 years and love every issue. Thanks for making such a good magazine. Love, Kaylee Smith Silver Spring, MD

Mystery Picture Puzzle on page 15

Which Animals? on Back Cover

top left – whale bottom left – crocodile right – elephant California Bound on page 15

THEY RODE IN COVERED WAGONS ON THE OREGON TRAIL. Sacagawea Crossword Puzzle on page 14 R I V E R S H OR E GON B E A R S I HOR S E S F S O O J O I N T E R P R E T E R O N E R E U A S ROC K YMOU N T A I N S T N O R S A U I L R C A NO E S S A M D G P A C I F I COC E A N E P G S S

Solve the Puzzles! on page 14

WAGON, ELDERBERRY, SNAKES, TRAIN, WEST, AXLE, RAINBOW TROUT, DOE, HAT, OXEN

Mail Maze on page 14 START

FINISH Photo Credits: Abe by fireplace – Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum (ALPLM) 8 (bottom); Min-graphite by Daniel Schwen (Own work) [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons 12 (bottom); Indexo finger toothbrush. Science Museum, London. [CC BY 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons 13 (bottom); Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 19; ©[Ramzi Hachicho/123rf.com] 24 (bottom-right); Rama (Own work) [CC BY-SA 2.0 fr], via Wikimedia Commons 25 (top-right); ALFRM (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons, 25 (bottom-left); Thomas Quine (Cave paintings) [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons, 27 (top).

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V i s i t U s O n l i n e ! F a c e b o o k . c o m / F u n F o r K i d z • w w w. F u n F o r K i d z . c o m Vol 21 No 6 • NOV/DEC 2022 Publisher: Thomas M. Edwards Editor: Marilyn Edwards Associate Editor: Diane Winebar Graphic Design: Gaurakisora Tucker Marketing Director: Jonathan Edwards Circulation Manager: Mark Studer Science Editor: Larry White Science Illustrator: Alan Wassilak Cowboy Clark & Larry Editor: Lisa Rehfuss Cover Artist: Chris Sabatino

FUN FOR KIDZ (ISSN 1536-898X) is published bi-monthly Subscriptions: All subscription inquiries and changes of by the Bluffton News Publishing and Printing Company, address should be addressed to FUN FOR KIDZ at P.O. Box 227, P.O. Box 227, 190 Sunset Dr., Bluffton, OH 45817. Bluffton, OH 45817. Telephone: 419-358-4610. Telephone: 419-358-4610. POSTMASTER: Send address Subscription rates are six issues (1 year) $32.95; twelve issues changes to Fun For Kidz, P.O. Box 227, Bluffton, OH (2 years) $55.90; eighteen issues (3 years) $68.85. Canadian 45817-0227. Periodical postage is paid at Bluffton, OH postage - first class - $18 per year, all other foreign countries first and Preston, ID. class airmail - $37.50 per year. FUN FOR KIDZ, INC. accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any Replacement Issues: We will replace one damaged or lost-ininjuries arising out of the use or misuse of ideas, materials, and the-mail issue per year. Your request must be made within 45 activities featured in its publications or products. days of the specific issue’s date: January 1, March 1, May 1, July Copyright © 2022 by the Bluffton News Publishing and Printing 1, September 1, or November 1. Co. All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher. FUN Attention Readers: Send in your letters, short stories, FOR KIDZ™, and the FUN FOR KIDZ logo™, are trademarks of FUN poems, jokes & riddles, and drawings for publication. Send to: Kids Corner, PO Box 227, Bluffton, OH 45817. FOR KIDZ, The Bluffton News Publishing and Printing Co.

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