Judgment Case No. 2 - CP - 2011 by Futri Salleh

KUALA LUMPUR WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL

REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS (INCLUDING NOTES OF PROCEEDINGS)

Case No. 2 - CP - 2011 CHIEF PROSECUTOR OF THE KUALA LUMPUR WAR CRIMES COMMISSION v. GEORGE WALKER BUSH et al.

JUDGMENT OF 11 MAY 2012

2Î&#x20AC;FLDO FLWDWLRQ Chief Prosecutor of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission v. George Walker Bush et al.

ISBN 978-967-10817-0-9

Published by:

Kuala Lumpur Foundation to Criminalise War (KLFCW) 2QG )ORRU 1R -DODQ 3HUGDQD 7DPDQ 7DVLN 3HGDQD .XDOD /XPSXU Printed by:

Wisdom Ray - 3DQJVDSXUL 6UL %DQGDU -DODQ .DVLSLOOD\ 2Í¿ -DODQ ,SRK .XDOD /XPSXU

Chief Prosecutor of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission v. George Walker Bush et al.

JUDGMENT

CONTENTS

No.

Particulars

Page

Judgment....................................................................... 1 - 35

Notes of Proceedings................................................... 37

(a) 7 May 2012............................................................ 40 - 136

(b) 8 May 2012............................................................ 136 - 274

(d) 10 may 2012.......................................................... 353 - 400

(e) 11 May 2012.......................................................... 401 - 429

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

KUALA LUMPUR WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL Case No. 2 - CP- 2012

Chief Prosecutor of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission

Against 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

George Walker Bush Donald Henry Rumsfeld Richard Bruce Cheney Alberto R. Gonzales David Spears Addington William J. Haynes II Jay Scott Bybee John Choon Yoo

Coram: Judge Lamin bin Hj Mohd Yunus (President) Judge Alfred Lambremont Webre -XGJH 7XQNX 6RĂ&#x20AC;DK -HZD Judge Mohd Saari Yusuf Judge Salleh Buang

Prosecution Team: Professor Gurdial Singh Nijar Professor Francis A. Boyle Avtaran Singh Gan Pei Fern (Ms) Defence Team (Amicus Curiae): Jason Kay Kit Leon Assistant Professor Dr Mohd Hisham bin Mohd Kamal Dr Abbas Hardani *DORK 1XUVDĂ&#x20AC;QDV 6DPVXGLQ 0V

The Charge

7KH $FFXVHG ZHUH FKDUJHG ZLWK WKH FULPH RI WRUWXUH DQG ZDU FULPHV LQ WKDW

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7KH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV KDG ZLOIXOO\ SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ the formulation of executive orders and directives to exclude the applicability of international FRQYHQWLRQV DQG ODZV QDPHO\ WKH &RQYHQWLRQ DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV &KDUWHU LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH ZDU launched by the US and others in Afghanistan (in 2001) and Iraq (in March 2003);

1.2

$ G G L W L R Q D O O \ D Q G R U R Q W K H E D V L V D Q G LQ IXUWKHUDQFH WKHUHRI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DXWKRULVHG FRQQLYHG LQ WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI DFWV RI WRUWXUH DQG FUXHO GHJUDGLQJ DQG inhumane treatment against victims in violation RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WUHDWLHV DQG DIRUHVDLG conventions.

The indictment against the 8 Accused persons also sets out the particulars of the charge in paragraphs 1 WR RI ZKLFK SDUDJUDSK VWDWHV WKDW DOO WKH $FFXVHG persons â&#x20AC;&#x153;are individually responsible for the crimes alleged against themâ&#x20AC;? under the charge and that they â&#x20AC;&#x153;planned, ordered, committed, otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation, or execution of these crimesâ&#x20AC;?. None of the Accused persons personally participated in actual acts of torture or inhumane treatment of the victims but facilitated and directed the implementation of torture and inhumane treatment through the issuing of PHPRUDQGXPV OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG GLUHFWLYHV WR DPRQJ RWKHUV WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV 7KH\ DOVR GLG QRW SUHYHQW WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI WKHVH DFWV DIWHU NQRZLQJ RU EHLQJ LQ D SRVLWLRQ WR NQRZ RI WKH SHUSHWUDWLRQ RI VXFK DFWV DQG treatment.

,Q SDUDJUDSK RI WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV DQG ZDV DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV a party to the Torture Convention 1984 and the Geneva Conventions including Geneva Convention III 1949. 40

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW $FFXVHG DV &RPPDQGHU LQ &KLHI RI WKH $UPHG 6HUYLFHV KH H[HUFLVHG DXWKRULW\ GLUHFWLRQ DQG FRQWURO RYHU WKH HQWLUH ([HFXWLYH Branch.

1.5

In paragraph 7 it is stated that all the Accused persons are individually responsible for the crimes alleged against them under this charge. The Accused persons SODQQHG RUGHUHG FRPPLWWHG RU RWKHUZLVH DLGHG DQG DEHWWHG LQ WKH SODQQLQJ SUHSDUDWLRQ RU H[HFXWLRQ RI these crimes.

,Q SDUDJUDSK RI WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG that the 4th to the 8th $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH FRPSOLFLW LQ WKDW WKH\ SURYLGHG WKH OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG MXVWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ IRU avoiding the obligations under the Convention against 7RUWXUH DQG WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, RI thereby facilitating the implementation of torture and LQKXPDQ FRQGXFW ZKHQ LW ZDV SODLQ WKDW WKH DGYLFH WKH\ ZHUH JLYLQJ ZDV HUURQHRXV LQ ODZ 7KH\ DOVR NQHZ WKDW WKHLU DGYLFH LI DFFHSWHG ZRXOG EH DFWHG XSRQ

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW WKUHH QDPHG $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV VXSHULRUV and had authorised the commission of acts in violation RI WKH DIRUHVDLG &RQYHQWLRQV DQG LQ DQ\ HYHQW WKH\ NQHZ RU KDG UHDVRQ WR NQRZ WKDW WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV ZHUH DERXW WR FRPPLW VXFK DFWV DQG KDG GRQH VR DQG they had failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts or to punish the perpetrators.

1.8

Paragraph 10 sets out the authorizations issued by the Ã&#x20AC;UVW $FFXVHG ZLWK NQRZOHGJH RI WKH VHFRQG $FFXVHG Paragraph 11 sets out the authorization issued by the WKLUG $FFXVHG SHUVRQ 3DUDJUDSK VWDWHV WKDW WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW DQG VHFRQG $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH DZDUH RI WKH PHPRV approvals and directives as aforesaid and that they ZRXOG EH DQG ZHUH LQ IDFW DFWHG XSRQ 7KH\ IDLOHG WR intervene to prevent any illegal activity conducted under these memos and approvals.

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1.9

In paragraph 13 it is stated that the legal opinions PHQWLRQHG LQ SDUDJUDSK ZHUH UHOLHG XSRQ E\ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW three named Accused Persons and then translated into PHPRV DQG GLUHFWLYHV ZKLFK WKH\ LVVXHG WR SHUVRQV LQ FKDUJH RI GHDOLQJ ZLWK GHWDLQHHV DW SULVRQV UXQ E\ RU XQGHU WKH VXSHUYLVLRQ RI 86 DQG LWV RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV

,Q SDUDJUDSK RI WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LW is stated that as a result and on the basis of these DXWKRUL]DWLRQV E\ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WR WKH WKLUG $FFXVHG 3HUVRQV relying upon the legal opinions of the 4th to the 8th $FFXVHG 3HUVRQV ZDU FULPHV WKDW LV DFWV RI WRUWXUH DQG EUXWDO EDUEDULF FUXHO DQG GHKXPDQL]LQJ DFWV ZHUH SHUSHWUDWHG DJDLQVW DPRQJVW RWKHUV WKH IROORZLQJ named victims (detainees) (a)

Moazzam Begg of the United Kingdom (detained from January 2002 to January 2005);

(b)

Rhuhel Ahmad of the United Kingdom (detained IURP HQG RI WR 0DUFK

(c)

Ali Sh. Abbas of Iraq (detained from October 2003 to March 2004);

(d)

Abbas Abid of Iraq (detained from August 2005 until September 2006);

(e)

Jameelah Abbas of Iraq (detained from January 2004 to June 2004).

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH subjected to a systematic pattern of abuse in the execution of these acts of torture in various detention FHQWUHV ,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR VHYHUH SK\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO SDLQ DQG FUXHO LQKXPDQ DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW RYHU ORQJ SHULRGV 7KHVH DFWV RI WRUWXUH HWF ZHUH GHVLJQHG WR IRUFH the above detainees to confess to â&#x20AC;&#x153;crimesâ&#x20AC;? they had no NQRZOHGJH RI DQG RU ZHUH QRW LQYROYHG LQ

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

,Q SDUDJUDSKV DQG RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG WKDW these acts of torture are in contravention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention $JDLQVW 7RUWXUH 7KHVH DFWV DOVR FRQVWLWXWH FUXHO inhuman and degrading treatment in contravention of Geneva Convention III of 1949 on the treatment of FRPEDWDQWV DQG FLYLOLDQV LQ DQ\ DUPHG FRQĂ LFW DQG DUH applicable to interrogations.

1.13 In paragraphs 20 and 21 of the charge it is stated that WKH YLFWLPV GHWDLQHHV ZHUH GHWDLQHG ZLWKRXW MXVW FDXVH 1R GXH SURFHVV RI WKH ODZ ZDV DSSOLHG 7KH\ ZHUH QRW DOORZHG DFFHVV WR MXVWLFH LQFOXGLQJ WR OHJDO FRXQVHO RU FRXUWV RI ODZ 7KH\ ZHUH QRW FKDUJHG LQ D FRXUW RI ODZ IRU DQ\ RÍżHQFH

1RQH RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZDV SUHVHQW DW WKH WULDO DOWKRXJK DOO RI WKHP KDG EHHQ GXO\ QRWLĂ&#x20AC;HG RI WKH FKDUJH DJDLQVW WKHP LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK &KDSWHU ,,, $UWLFOH D RI 3DUW RI WKH 5XOHV RI 3URFHGXUH DQG (YLGHQFH RI WKH Tribunal.

1.15 As provided for under Article 15 of Chapter V of the &KDUWHU DOO WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ Amicus Curiae.

Preliminary Objection

%HIRUH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ EHJDQ LWV RSHQLQJ VWDWHPHQW the Amicus Curiae Ă&#x20AC;OHG D SUHOLPLQDU\ REMHFWLRQ WR WKH Tribunalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s jurisdiction to hear this case against all the Accused persons.

7KH VXEVWDQFH RI WKH SUHOLPLQDU\ REMHFWLRQ ZDV WKDW the Tribunal is a creature of a Malaysian statute and FDQ RQO\ KHDU FDVHV ZKLFK DUH JRYHUQHG E\ 0DOD\VLDQ ODZ RU E\ WUHDWLHV RI ZKLFK 0DOD\VLD LV D VLJQDWRU\ 7KH FULPHV RI ZKLFK WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV KDG EHHQ FKDUJHG DUH QRW IRXQG LQ DQ\ 0DOD\VLDQ /DZ QRU VXEMHFW RI DQ\ WUHDWLHV RI ZKLFK 0DOD\VLD LV D VLJQDWRU\

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2.3

2.4

In reply the prosecution submitted that the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal is a tribunal of conscience exercising universal jurisdiction. Its jurisdiction to hear FULPHV DJDLQVW SHDFH ZDU FULPHV DQG FULPHV DJDLQVW humanity are provided expressly in Article 7 of the Charter. Article 4 of the Charter expressly states that the Tribunal has international legal personality and shall have such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of WKHLU IXQFWLRQV DQG WKH IXOĂ&#x20AC;OPHQW RI WKHLU SXUSRVH +DYLQJ FRQVLGHUHG FDUHIXOO\ DUJXPHQWV E\ ERWK VLGHV WKH Tribunal ruled that it has jurisdiction to hear the charge against the Accused and dismissed the preliminary objection.

Prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case 3.1

The prosecution made an opening statement indicating WKDW KH ZRXOG FDOO ZLWQHVVHV ZKR KDG IRUPHUO\ given testimony before the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes &RPPLVVLRQ DQG WKHUHDIWHU ZRXOG VXEPLW VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV RI WZR ZLWQHVVHV ZKR FRXOG QRW DWWHQG WKH hearing due to safety issues.

First Witness

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Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

subjected to electric shocks in various parts of his body HVSHFLDOO\ KLV JHQLWDOV KDQJLQJ KLP IURP WKH ZDOO ZLWK KDQJLQJ ZHLJKWV IURP KLV JHQLWDOV IRU ORQJ SHULRGV WKUHDWHQLQJ WR VH[XDOO\ DEXVH KLV ZLIH DQG PRWKHU DIWHU EULQJLQJ WKHP WR SULVRQ IRUFHIXOO\ H[WUDFWLQJ KLV ÀQJHUQDLOV KDQGFX΀QJ KLV KDQGV WR WKH EDFN DQG WKHQ EHLQJ KXQJ IURP WKH ZDOO IRU ORQJ KRXUV XQWLO KH IDLQWHG HWF +H DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW D EDJ ZDV SODFHG RYHU KLV KHDG IRU RYHU WZR PRQWKV DQG WKDW LW ZDV UHPRYHG RQO\ ZKHQ KH ZDV JLYHQ IRRG +H DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW RWKHU GHWDLQHHV had similar bags over their heads for over 5 months. He DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW QR PHGLFDO FDUH ZDV DYDLODEOH WR WKH GHWDLQHHV DQG WKDW VRPH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH OHIW WR GLH IURP their injuries as a result of the torture done to them.

Second witness

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7KH ZLWQHVV ZDV GHWDLQHG LQ %DJUDP IRU PRQWKV ZKHUH KH ZDV LQWHQVHO\ LQWHUURJDWHG E\ WKH &,$ )%, DQG 86 PLOLWDU\ LQWHOOLJHQFH +LV OHJV DQG DUPV ZHUH KRJ WLHG DQG ZDV WKUHDWHQHG WKDW KH ZRXOG EH VHQW WR (J\SW &RQGLWLRQV LQ %DJUDP ZHUH H[WUHPHO\ SRRU 0HGLFDO FDUH ZDV GHSHQGHQW XSRQ WKH OHYHO RI FR RSHUDWLRQ RI the detainees. ,Q )HEUXDU\ WKH ZLWQHVV ZDV WDNHQ WR *XDQWDQDPR Bay. During the 20 hour journey from Bagram to *XDQWDQDPR %D\ WKH ZLWQHVV ZDV VKDFNOHG LQ D “threepiece suit” RI FKDLQV $ IDFH PDVN ZDV SODFHG RQ KLV IDFH WRJHWKHU ZLWK EODFNHQHG JRJJOHV DQG HDU PXͿV 7KH MRXUQH\ ZDV YHU\ SDLQIXO DQG WKH ZLWQHVV SOHDGHG IRU D VHGDWLYH IURP WKH VROGLHUV ZKLFK ZDV JLYHQ

$W *XDQWDQDPR %D\ WKH ZLWQHVV ZDV WDNHQ WR FDPS (FKR D PD[LPXP VHFXULW\ GHWHQWLRQ FHQWUH DQG SODFHG in solitary confinement. He remained there for 20 PRQWKV GXULQJ ZKLFK WLPH KH ZDV VXEMHFWHG WR YDULRXV forms of torture.

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Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

7KH ZLWQHVV VWDWHG WKDW KLV PHQWDO VWDWH ZDV VHYHUHO\ affected as a result of the long periods of solitary FRQILQHPHQW +H ZDV JLYHQ GUXJV WR WUHDW KLV GHSUHVVLRQ ZKLFK KH WRRN EXW DV D UHVXOW KH H[SHULHQFHG KDOOXFLQDWLRQV ,Q 1RYHPEHU KH ZDV UHPRYHG IURP VROLWDU\ FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW DQG SODFHG LQ WKH RWKHU EORFNV ZLWK WKH RWKHU SULVRQHUV 7ZR PRQWKV ODWHU KH ZDV UHOHDVHG Third witness

+HU KHDG FRYHUHG ZLWK D KRRG WKH ZLWQHVV ZDV WKHQ SXVKHG LQWR D PLOLWDU\ YHKLFOH ZKHUH DJDLQ VKH ZDV NLFNHG DQG WUHDWHG DV DQ DQLPDO 6RRQ DIWHU VKH ZDV dragged out of the vehicle and placed in a detention FHQWUH ZKLFK VKH VXEVHTXHQWO\ GLVFRYHUHG ZDV SDUW RI the Kirkuk military airport.

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7KH ZLWQHVV VDLG WKDW KHU QHSKHZ ZDV NHSW QDNHG and later taken to Abu Gharib in the same condition. 7KH ZLWQHVV DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW VKH ZDV ODWHU WDNHQ WR $EX *KDULE ZKHUH VKH ZDV JLYHQ D ZULVW EDQG ZLWK D QXPEHU $ KRRG ZDV SXW RQ KHU KHDG 6KH ZDV ODWHU H[DPLQHG E\ D GRFWRU ZKR VDLG WKDW VKH ZDV LQMXUHG DQG QHHGHG XUJHQW DWWHQWLRQ +RZHYHU KHU interrogators refused to give her the needed medical treatment.

6KH DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW VKH ZDV QRW JLYHQ SURSHU FORWKLQJ nor given medical treatment for her injured feet. She ZDV LQ $EX *KDULE SULVRQ IRU DERXW PRQWKV 6KH ZDV released on 22 June 2004.

7KH ZLWQHVV VWDWHG WKDW DV D UHVXOW RI WKH EHDWLQJV DQG FUXHO WUHDWPHQW ZKHQ VKH ZDV GHWDLQHG VKH LV QRZ

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

unable to move her left leg freely; her left arm is also VLPLODUO\ DIIHFWHG 6KH LV VWLOO XQDEOH WR ZHDU VKRHV because of her old injuries. She cannot endure cold FOLPDWH +HU LQMXULHV WR KHU ORZHU EDFN QHHG IXUWKHU PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW EXW VKH LV XQDEOH WR DÍ¿RUG WKH FRVW RI surgery. Two statutory declarations of absent witnesses

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3.23 Ali Sh. Abbas deposed in his statutory declaration that KH ZDV RQ KLV ZD\ WR WKH PRVTXH LQ $O $PUD\D RQ 2FWREHU ZKHQ KH ZDV DUUHVWHG E\ $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV +LV KDQGV ZHUH WLHG DW WKH EDFN DQG D KRRG ZDV SODFHG RYHU KLV KHDG DQG KH ZDV WDNHQ WR D VPDOO SULVRQ LQ D 86 PLOLWDU\ FDPS LQ $O $PUD\D +H ZDV WROG E\ RQH Captain Philips that he had received orders to arrest him EXW KH GLG QRZ NQRZ WKH UHDVRQV IRU WKH DUUHVW 7ZR GD\V ODWHU KH ZDV PRYHG WR $EX *KDULE SULVRQ ZKHQ KH ZDV interrogated and a most cruel and degrading treatment ZDV PHWHG RXW WR KLP 7KH GHSRQHQW VWDWHG WKDW KLV LQWHUURJDWRUV ZRUH FLYLOLDQ FORWKHV ZKLOVW WKH WUDQVODWRU DQ $IUR $PHULFDQ ZRUH American army uniform. 7KH GHSRQHQW IXUWKHU VWDWHG WKDW RQ RQH RFFDVLRQ WKH interrogators forcibly placed him on top of a carton box containing canned food. They then connected electric ZLUHV WR KLV Ã&#x20AC;QJHUV DQG RUGHUHG KLP WR VWUHWFK RXW KLV KDQGV KRUL]RQWDOO\ WKHQ WKH\ VZLWFKHG RQ WKH HOHFWULF SRZHU 7KH GHSRQHQW VDLG WKDW KH ZDV WRUWXUHG LQ VXFK manner on three separate sessions. Throughout this WRUWXUH VHVVLRQ WKH LQWHUURJDWRUV WRRN SKRWRJUDSKV

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

7KH GHSRQHQW VDLG WKDW KH ZDV UHOHDVHG LQ HDUO\ 0DUFK 2004. ,Q WKH VHFRQG VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ 5KXKHO $KPDG WKH GHSRQHQW VDLG WKDW KH ZDV GHWDLQHG IURP WKH HQG RI XQWLO 0DUFK +H ZDV \HDUV ROG ZKHQ KH ZDV GHWDLQHG +H ZDV GHWDLQHG DQG WRUWXUHG LQ .DQGDKDU DQG ODWHU *XDQWDQDPR %D\ +H ZDV VKDFNOHG SODFHG LQ VROLWDU\ FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW IRUFHG WR WDNH LQMHFWLRQV HYHU\ PRQWKV UHVXOWLQJ LQ KDOOXFLQDWLRQV KRRGHG DQG KDQGFXÍ¿HG DQG VXEMHFWHG WR LQWHQVH LQWHUURJDWLRQV IRU 5 months from the middle of 2003.

Cross-examination by Amicus Curiae 15

7KH SURVHFXWLRQÂ·V WKUHH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH FURVV H[DPLQHG by the Amicus Curiae as provided for under Article 20 of Chapter V (Mode of Proceedings) of Part 2 (Rules of 3URFHGXUH DQG (YLGHQFH RI WKH 7ULEXQDO 20

3.29 At the close of the cross-examination by the Amicus Curiae WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH UH H[DPLQHG E\ WKH &KLHI Prosecutor. Submission on statutory declaration by absent witnesses %RWK VLGHV WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG Amicus Curiae on behalf RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV VXEPLWWHG WKDW WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV E\ WKH WZR DEVHQW ZLWQHVVHV DUH DGPLVVLEOH pursuant to Article 24 of Chapter V of Part 2 of the &KDUWHU EXW WKH\ OHDYH LW WR WKH 7ULEXQDO WR GHFLGH Ã&#x20AC;QDOO\ RQ WKH WRWDO ZHLJKW RI VXFK HYLGHQFH 4.

Summary of witnessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s testimony 35

4.1

The prosecution submitted that the testimony of WKH WKUHH ZLWQHVVHV FRUURERUDWHG E\ WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV RI WKH WZR DEVHQW ZLWQHVVHV FOHDUO\ VKRZ a sustained and prolonged infliction of cruel and dehumanizing course of conduct on the part of those perpetrators. The evidence adduced before the Tribunal

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

FOHDUO\ HVWDEOLVKHV WKH IDFW WKDW WKH YLFWLPV ZHUH VXEMHFWHG to severe and mental pain as a result of extreme LQWHUURJDWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV WKDW ZHUH DSSOLHG WR WKHP cumulatively and over long periods.

4.2

The prosecution also submitted that the evidence clearly VKRZV WKDW WKH $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ DQG RWKHU SHUVRQQHO ZHUH LQYROYHG LQ WKH DUUHVW DEGXFWLRQ DQG WRUWXUH RI WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ZDV DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV WKH RFFXS\LQJ EHOOLJHUHQW SRZHU LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG ,UDT ZKHUH WKHVH DWURFLWLHV RQ WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW DQG WKH\ KDYH DQ REOLJDWLRQ XQGHU the Geneva Conventions to ensure that no such acts DUH LQĂ LFWHG RQ WKHVH SHUVRQV ZKR DUH XQGHU WKH ODZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;protected personsâ&#x20AC;?.

7KH HYLGHQFH DOVR FOHDUO\ VKRZV WKDW WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKH LQVWDQW FDVH ZHUH WDNHQ SULVRQHUV LQ UHVSHFW RI WKH $IJKDQLVWDQ ZDU DV ZHOO DV WKH ,UDT ZDU 7KH\ ZHUH KHOG LQ SULVRQV LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ %DJUDP DV ZHOO DV LQ ,UDT %DJKGDG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $LUSRUW DQG $EX *KUDLE 7ZR ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKLV FDVH 0RD]]DP %HJJ DQG 5KXKHO ZHUH transported and detained in Guantanamo Bay.

Issues before the Tribunal 5.1

There are three issues for the determination of the Tribunal in the instant case

:KHWKHU WKH DFWV SHUSHWUDWHG DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV amount to torture under the Torture Convention Act 1984;

:KHWKHU WKH FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW PHWHG RXW WR WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKHLU SODFH RI GHWHQWLRQ ZDV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, DQG ,9 DQG WKH &RPPRQ Article III to the Geneva Conventions; and

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

:KR LV OLDEOH IRU WKH DFWV RI WRUWXUH DQG WKH FUXHO inhumane and degrading treatment meted out to WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKLV FDVH"

(DFK RI WKHVH LVVXHV LV FRQVLGHUHG VHSDUDWHO\ DV VWDWHG EHORZ

Whether the acts amounted to torture under the Torture Convention Act? 10

6.1

6.2

6.3

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tortureâ&#x20AC;? LV GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG LQ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV Â´the LQWHQWLRQDO LQĂ LFWLRQ RI VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ ZKHWKHU physical or mental, by or with the consent or acquiescence of D SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOÂľ The term Â´SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOÂľ includes the Head of a State. In the Pinochet case 1R > @ :/5 DW S ' the House of Lords held that the prohibition against torture is absolute. There can be no derogation from WKLV UXOH ZKLFK KDV EHHQ ORQJ DFFHSWHG DV jus cogens a SHUHPSWRU\ QRUP RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ IURP ZKLFK VWDWHV cannot derogate. Under Article 3 of the UN Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from being subjected to Torture and RWKHU &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW RU 3XQLVKPHQW RI 'HFHPEHU LW LV VWDWHG WKDW QRW even exceptional circumstances can excuse torture such DV ZDU RQ WHUURU RU SXEOLF HPHUJHQF\

6.4

6.5

The Torture Convention has been subscribed by 133 VWDWHV 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV D SDUW\ WR WKH &RQYHQWLRQ having implemented it through the passage of a domestic ODZ QDPHO\ VHFWLRQV $ RI 7LWOH RI WKH 8QLWHG States Code. In the aforesaid Pinochet case WKH +RXVH RI /RUGV VDLG WKDW WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ ZDV DJUHHG QRW WR FUHDWH DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPH ZKLFK KDG QRW SUHYLRXVO\ existed but â&#x20AC;&#x153;to provide an international system under which WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPLQDO WKH WRUWXUHU ZRXOG Ă&#x20AC;QG QR VDIH havenâ&#x20AC;?.

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

8QOLNH WKH FULPH DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ ZKLFK UHTXLUHV WKH DFW DV SDUW RI D ZLGHVSUHDG RU V\VWHPDWLF DWWDFN DJDLQVW FLYLOLDQV DV D PHDVXUH RI VWDWH SROLF\ HYHQ D VLQJOH DFW RI RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO WRUWXUH LV D FULPH XQGHU WKH 7RUWXUH Convention.

$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 81 &RPPLWWHH DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH ZKLFK LV WKH 81 ERG\ RI LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHUWV WKDW LPSOHPHQWV WKH &RQYHQWLRQ $JDLQVW 7RUWXUH WKH IROORZLQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV FRQVWLWXWH WRUWXUH QDPHO\ UHVWUDLQLQJ LQ YHU\ SDLQIXO FRQGLWLRQV KRRGLQJ XQGHU VSHFLDO FRQGLWLRQV VRXQGLQJ RI ORXG PXVLF IRU SURORQJHG SHULRGV VOHHS GHSULYDWLRQ IRU ORQJ SHULRGV WKUHDWV LQFOXGLQJ GHDWK WKUHDWV YLROHQW VKDNLQJ DQG extreme temperatures. The Committee therefore KDV FOHDUO\ VKRZQ WKDW WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV authorised by the Department of Defence (as had been PHWHG RXW WR WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKH LQVWDQW FDVH DPRXQW WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI $UWLFOH RI WKH 7RUWXUH Convention.

6.8

The same UN Committee had also declared that the XVH RI WHFKQLTXHV VXFK DV VKDFNOLQJ WKH XVH RI GRJV DQG LQWHUQDO H[DPLQDWLRQV FRQVWLWXWH WRUWXUH RU FUXHO inhumane or degrading treatment.

7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLWWHH RI WKH 5HG &URVV ,&5& LQ its Report of February 2004 stated that the construction RI WKH *XDQWDQDPR V\VWHP ZKRVH REMHFWLYH LV WR H[WUDFW intelligence information â&#x20AC;&#x153;cannot be considered other than an international system of cruel, unusual and degrading treatment and a form of tortureâ&#x20AC;?.

7. 35

Whether the acts were in violation of the Geneva Conventions?

7KH IRXU *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZHUH FUHDWHG LQ DIWHU :RUOG :DU ,, VHWWLQJ RXW PLQLPXP VWDQGDUGV WKDW HYHU\RQH PXVW FRPSO\ (DFK RI WKHVH &RQYHQWLRQV KDV WKUHH FRPPRQ DUWLFOHV QDPHO\

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Article 1 - re s p e c t f o r t h e C o n v e n t i o n â&#x20AC;&#x153; i n a l l circumstancesâ&#x20AC;?; Article 2 - applying the Convention not only to GHFODUHG ZDUV EXW DOVR WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;any other armed FRQĂ LFWÂľ Article 3 - prescribes a minimum of humane treatment in â&#x20AC;&#x153;armed conflict not of an international characterâ&#x20AC;? to all civilians and noncombatants. 7.2

These three Common Articles reflect international FXVWRPDU\ ODZ ,Q Hamdan v Rumsfeld (2006) 548 US WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 6XSUHPH &RXUW KDG FOHDUO\ VWDWHG that the Common Articles must be interpreted â&#x20AC;&#x153;as widely as possibleâ&#x20AC;?. Consequently the court held that the three Common Articles apply to the detainees at Guantanamo Bay. Articles 3 and 5 of Geneva Convention III may be YLRODWHG DQG ZHUH DV VXEPLWWHG E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ Â´OHJDOO\ Ă DZHGÂľ *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, SURWHFWV DOO SHUVRQV ZKHWKHU WKH\ DUH FDSWXUHG RU WKH\ VXUUHQGHUHG ZKHWKHU WKH\ DUH LQ XQLIRUP RU QRW DQG HYHQ LI WKH\ GR QRW WDNH DQ\ SDUW LQ WKH KRVWLOLWLHV ,Q WKH LQVWDQW FDVH WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV ZHUH DEGXFWHG IURP WKH EDWWOHĂ&#x20AC;HOGV LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG ,UDT DV ZHOO DV IURP RWKHU SODFHV (Pakistan) and then handed to the authorities in Afghanistan and Iraq. (YHQ LI WKHUH LV DQ\ GRXEW DV WR WKH VWDWXV RI DQ\ SHUVRQ GHWDLQHG $UWLFOH RI *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, provides that such person â&#x20AC;&#x153;shall enjoy the protection of the Convention until such timeâ&#x20AC;? as the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s status has been determined by a competent tribunal. 7KH HYLGHQFH LQ WKLV FDVH FOHDUO\ VKRZV WKDW WKH OHJDO opinions and the advice given by the 4th to the 8th $FFXVHG SHUVRQV WR WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW VHFRQG DQG WKLUG $FFXVHG SHUVRQV LQ WKDW WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZHUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;obsoleteâ&#x20AC;?

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

WKH\ FDQ EH LJQRUHG WKDW 7DOLEDQ PLOLWLD DUH QRW SURWHFWHG $UWLFOHV DQG RI *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, PD\ EH YLRODWHG ZHUH DV VXEPLWWHG E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ Â´OHJDOO\ Ă DZHGÂľ

Who is liable for the acts of torture, cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment?

,I LW LV SURYHQ WKDW DQ DFW RI WRUWXUH RU FUXHO LQKXPDQH and degrading treatment had been perpetrated against D YLFWLP E\ D SDUWLFXODU LQGLYLGXDO WKHQ WKDW LQGLYLGXDO is personally liable under the Torture Convention and WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DV ZHOO

,Q WKH FDVH EHIRUH WKH 7ULEXQDO WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DUH QRW WKH LQGLYLGXDOV ZKR DFWXDOO\ FRPPLWWHG WKHVH WRUWXUHV RU LQĂ LFWHG WKH FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV EXW WKHLU superiors. The question for the Tribunal to decide is WKHUHIRUH ZKHWKHU WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV FDQ EH PDGH OLDEOH IRU WKH DFWV RI WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV"

Finding a prima facie case

,W LV VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW KHUH WR QRWH WKDW VRPH \HDUV ODWHU DIWHU WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI WKHVH HYHQWV LQĂ LFWHG RQ WKH ZLWQHVVHV in January 2009 President Barack Obama had issued an ([HFXWLYH 2UGHU GLUHFWLQJ WKDW ZKHQ FRQGXFWLQJ LQYHVWLJDWLRQV QR JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO HPSOR\HH RU agent can rely any more on â&#x20AC;&#x153;any interpretation of the law governing interrogationsâ&#x20AC;? issued by the Department of Justice under the Bush administration.

$W WKH FORVH RI LWV FDVH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ VXEPLWWHG WKDW as â&#x20AC;&#x153;there has been no submission that we have not established a prima facie case, so we act on the assumption that this is WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQ DQG WKH RQXV RQ XV LV WR SURYH EH\RQG reasonable doubt that all of the Accused should be convicted for the crimes as charged.â&#x20AC;? (page 204, lines 15-30 Notes of Proceedings) 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ WKHQ ZHQW RQ ZLWK WKH VXPPDWLRQ RI LWV FDVH DQG WR Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ VXEPLW WKDW

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

it has â&#x20AC;&#x153;proved beyond reasonable doubtâ&#x20AC;? (sic) that all the $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH LQVWUXPHQWDO LQ LQIOLFWLQJ WRUWXUH DQG FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV WKDW YLRODWHG WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV ZHOO DV *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, 7KH prosecution further submitted that the 4th to 8th Accused SHUVRQV DV OHJDO FRXQVHO DGYLVLQJ WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ had played a decisive role in subverting the system of international rules that should have protected all the detainees.

,Q UHVSRQVH WKH Amicus Curiae for the 8 Accused persons submitted that the torture of Abbas Abid (the Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZLWQHVV KDV QRW EHHQ SURYHQ WR EH OLQNHG WR WKH $PHULFDQV LQ DQ\ ZD\ E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ

,Q UHJDUG WR WKH VHFRQG ZLWQHVV 0RD]]DP %HJJ WKH Amicus Curiae VDLG WKDW GXULQJ FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ LW ZDV GLVFRYHUHG WKDW 0RD]]DP RZQHG D ERRNVWRUH DQG KDG VSHQW WLPH DW D WUDLQLQJ FDPS LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ :K\ ZHUH WKHVH IDFWV QRW GLVFORVHG LQ KLV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ" ,Q UHJDUG WR WKH WKLUG ZLWQHVV -DPHHODK WKH Amicus Curiae submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;We have no proof that she was detained at an American facilityâ&#x20AC;?. He further submitted WKDW KHU LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI KHU WRUWXUHUV DV $PHULFDQV Â´LV also based on conjectureâ&#x20AC;? from the assumption that since VKH ZDV LQ WKH $PHULFDQ SDUW RI ,UDT VKH ZDV WKHUHIRUH assaulted by American nationals. This remains merely DQ DVVXPSWLRQ DQG WKHUH LV QR DFWXDO LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ KH submitted. 7XUQLQJ KLV DWWHQWLRQ WR SRLQWV RI ODZ WKH Amicus Curiae said that â&#x20AC;&#x153;customary international law and jus cogens are like the snake-oil of international lawâ&#x20AC;?. He submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;international law really boils down to treatiesâ&#x20AC;?, so forget jus cogens, DQG IRUJHW FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ 6WDWHV DUH RQO\ ERXQG E\ WUHDWLHV ZKLFK WKH\ KDYH VLJQHG RU UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

9.6

The Amicus Curiae further submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;War is like a black holeâ&#x20AC;?. $IWHU DIWHU WKH ZDU RQ WHUURU XQGHU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ QRZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is OKâ&#x20AC;? EHFDXVH WKH ZRUOG KDV FKDQJHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ KDV FKDQJHG

9.7

Proving a prima facie FDVH FRPSHOV WKH FRQFOXVLRQ VRXJKW WR EH SURYHQ XQOHVV HYLGHQFH VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW WR UHEXW the conclusion is produced. The Amicus Curiae made no attempt to do so. This is clearly fatal omission on KLV SDUW ,Q D FDVH RI WULDO E\ -XU\ WKH EXUGHQ IDOOV RQ WKH -XURUV WR WKHQ GHFLGH ZKHWKHU WKH FDVH DJDLQVW WKH Accused has been proven beyond reasonable doubt see Commonwealth v. Pauley, 368 Mass. at 291-292, 331 N.E.2d at 904-906; Commonwealth v. Crosscup, 369 Mass. 228, 239-240, 339 N.E.2d 731, 738-739 (1975) Commonwealth v. Leinbach, 29 Mass. App. Ct. 943, 944, 558 N.E.2d 1003 (1990). ,Q RXU SUHVHQW FDVH KRZHYHU ZH KDYH VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW judicial precedents to conclude that an unrebutted Ă&#x20AC;QGLQJ RI prima facie case amounts to proof beyond reasonable doubt see PP v. Sidek [Criminal Trial no: 47-51999] 31 January 2005.

9.8

In its rebuttal of the submission by the Amicus Curiae WKH prosecution said that the reasoning by the Amicus is â&#x20AC;&#x153;so IDXOW\ DW LWV FRUHÂľ WKDW LW VKRXOG EH UHMHFWHG ,Q DQ\ FDVH the prosecution pointed out that the United States is a SDUW\ WR WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV ZHOO DV WR WKH *HQHYD Conventions.

9.9

The prosecution then submitted that in presenting its FDVH WR WKH 7ULEXQDO LW KDG GHVFULEHG VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F DFWV RI breaching the Geneva Convention committed by the 8 Accused Persons but the defence had not responded to them. Neither had the defence responded to many other matters raised in the prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case.

9.10 Rebutting the Amicus CuriaeÂˇV FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW DIWHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is OKâ&#x20AC;? WKH SURVHFXWLRQ UHLWHUDWHG WKDW HYHQ DIWHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;the prohibition of torture remains absoluteâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution stated that the defence can mock LQWHUQDWLRQDO FXVWRPDU\ ODZ EXW WKDW LV QRW WKH ZD\ WKH

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

United States Supreme Court sees it. In the Hamdan case, the court held that the Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention apply to Taliban and Al-Qaeda.

10.

9.11 The prosecution also submitted in rebuttal that the stand WDNHQ E\ WKH 3HQWDJRQ LV WKDW WKH ODZV RI ZDU â&#x20AC;&#x153;have not changedâ&#x20AC;? VLQFH 7KH 3HQWDJRQ KDV EHHQ FRQVLVWHQW in its stand in this matter.

9.12 Having considered all the evidence adduced by the SURVHFXWLRQ DQG WKH VXEPLVVLRQV SXW IRUZDUG E\ ERWK WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG WKH GHIHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO XQDQLPRXVO\ Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW D prima facie case has been proved and the Amicus Curiae is invited to present its case for the 8 Accused persons.

The defence case 10.1 Upon being invited by the Tribunal to present the GHIHQFHÂˇV FDVH DIWHU LWV Ă&#x20AC;QGLQJ WKDW D prima facie case has EHHQ PDGH RXW E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ WKH Amicus Curiae informed the Tribunal that he has no more submission to make. His early submission in response to the SURVHFXWLRQÂˇV FDVH ZDV KLV Â´Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQâ&#x20AC;? on the matter.

11.

7KH SURVHFXWLRQ OLNHZLVH LQIRUPV WKH 7ULEXQDO WKDW LW KDV QR LQWHQWLRQ WR PDNH DQ\ IXUWKHU VXEPLVVLRQ LQ the light of the stand taken by the Amicus Curiae. In the light of these statements by both the prosecution and the GHIHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO DGMRXUQV WKH KHDULQJ UHVHUYLQJ LWV YHUGLFW WR EH GHOLYHUHG RQ WKH IROORZLQJ GD\ RQ 0D\ 2012).

Torture and War Crimes

$IWHU FRQVLGHULQJ WKH GHIHQFH FDVH WKH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV that the prosecution had established beyond a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons: 40

U.S. President George W. Bush and his coconspirators

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

5LFKDUG % &KHQH\ IRUPHU 8 6 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW 'RQDOG + 5XPVIHOG IRUPHU 'HIHQFH 6HFUHWDU\ $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV WKHQ &RXQVHO WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR WKH Vice-President :LOOLDP +D\QHV ,, WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR Secretary of Defense -D\ %\EHH WKHQ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -RKQ &KRRQ <RR IRUPHU 'HSXW\ $VVLVWDQW Attorney-General

KDG HQJDJHG LQ D ZHE RI LQVWUXFWLRQV PHPRV GLUHFWLYHV legal advice and action that established a common plan DQG SXUSRVH MRLQW FULPLQDO HQWHUSULVH DQG RU FRQVSLUDF\ WR FRPPLW WKH FULPHV RI 7RUWXUH DQG :DU &ULPHV including and not limited to a common plan and purpose WR FRPPLW WKH IROORZLQJ FULPHV LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;War on Terrorâ&#x20AC;? DQG WKH ZDUV ODXQFKHG E\ WKH 8 6 DQG RWKHUV in Afghanistan and Iraq:

(a) E

F (d)

(e) (f)

(g)

Torture; &UHDWLQJ DXWKRUL]LQJ DQG LPSOHPHQWLQJ D UHJLPH RI &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ Treatment; 9LRODWLQJ &XVWRPDU\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZ Violating the Convention Against Torture 1984; Violating the Geneva Convention III and IV 1949; Violating the Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention of 1949; Violating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter.

12.

Joint and Individual Criminal Liability 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG beyond a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons are individually and jointly liable for all crimes committed in pursuit of their common plan and purpose

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

under principles established by Article 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal (the Nuremberg &KDUWHU ZKLFK VWDWHV inter alia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Leaders, organizers, instigators and accomplices participating in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit war crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any person in execution of such plan.â&#x20AC;? The Principles of the Nuremberg Charter and the Nuremberg Decision have been adopted DV FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ E\ WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV The government of the United States is subject to FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG WR WKH 3ULQFLSOHV RI the Nuremburg Charter and the Nuremburg Decision. 13.

Complainant War Crime Victims 15

7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG beyond a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons have committed the crimes set out in paragraph KHUHRI LQFOXGLQJ EXW QRW OLPLWHG WR 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH IROORZLQJ &RPSODLQDQW :DU &ULPH 9LFWLPV ZKR appeared before this Tribunal by statutory declaration DQG RU LQ SHUVRQ XQGHU RDWK (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Abbas Abid; Moazzam Begg; Jameelah Abbas Hameedi; Ali Sh. Abbas (alias Ali Shalal); Rhuhel Ahmed.

(DFK RI WKHVH &RPSODLQDQW :DU &ULPH 9LFWLPV LV D FLYLOLDQ ZKR ZDV UHOHDVHG ZLWKRXW FKDUJH DIWHU H[WHQGHG SHULRGV RI WLPH DIWHU EHLQJ VXEMHFWHG WR 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW IRU ZKLFK the Accused persons are criminally liable.

,UUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG LQMXU\ SDLQ DQG VXÍžHULQJ 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG beyond a reasonable doubt that each of the Complainant :DU &ULPH 9LFWLPV KDV VXÍżHUHG LUUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

LQMXU\ DQG SDLQ DQG VXÍżHULQJ GXH WR WKH FULPLQDO DFWV RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DV VHW RXW LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH VZRUQ testimony and statutory declarations presented at the Trial.

14.2 The Tribunal also notes the attempt by the Amicus during cross-examination to highlight the fact that the ZLWQHVVHV $EEDV $ELG DQG -DPHHODK $EEDV +DPHHGL ZHUH KLJK UDQNLQJ RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV LQ WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW of Iraq and may have had â&#x20AC;&#x153;an axe to grindâ&#x20AC;? and thus may have embellished their accounts of the torture they had HQGXUHG WR KDYH QRW EHHQ IROORZHG WKURXJK GXULQJ KLV Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQV 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKHVH DWWHPSWV RI the Amicus mere conjecture and therefore accepts the HYLGHQFH RI ERWK ZLWQHVVHV in toto.

:LWK UHJDUG WR ZKHWKHU $OL 6K $EEDV DOLDV $OL 6KDODO ZDV WKH PDQ XQGHU WKH KRRG LQ WKH SKRWRJUDSK DQG ZKHWKHU WKLV LUUHSDUDEO\ GDPDJHG KLV FUHGLELOLW\ WKH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKLV LV LPPDWHULDO WR WKH IDFW WKDW KH ZDV D FLYLOLDQ LQ RFFXSLHG ,UDT ZKR ZDV GHWDLQHG E\ WKH RFFXS\LQJ IRUFH OHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV )XUWKHU QR DWWHPSW ZDV PDGH E\ WKH Amicus to challenge his detailed testimony regarding his treatment during detention. The Tribunal therefore accepts the testimony of Ali Sh. Abbas (alias Ali Shalal) [and that of Rhuhel Ahmed] in DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK $UWLFOH RI WKH 5XOHV RI (YLGHQFH DQG 3URFHGXUH RI WKH 7ULEXQDO EXW ZLWK D QRWH RI FDXWLRQ DV WKHUH ZDV QR RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ DÍżRUGHG to the Amicus IRU WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV

15.

Absolute prohibition on Torture and Cruel, Inhumane and Degrading Treatment 15.1 The Tribunal finds there is an absolute prohibition RQ 7RUWXUH DQG RQ &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG LQ WKH UHOHYDQW ODZV and regulations of the United States of America and of WKH 8 6 $UP\ LQFOXGLQJ $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DOO RI ZKLFK ZHUH YLRODWHG E\ WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV $V stated by Prof. Jordan J. Paust in â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Absolute Prohibition

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

of Torture and Necessary and Appropriate Sanctions,â&#x20AC;? 9DOSDUDLVR /DZ 5HYLHZ 9RO 1XPEHU 6XPPHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is a form of treatment of human beings that is absolutely prohibited under various forms of customary and treaty-based international law in all social contexts. Other forms of treatment that are absolutely prohibited and often proscribed in the same international instruments that outlaw torture include prohibitions of cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.â&#x20AC;?

7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV PDUVKDOOHG D VXEVWDQWLYH DQG SRZHUIXO DUUD\ RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG 8QLWHG 6WDWHV OHJDO SUHFHGHQWV WR VXSSRUW WKLV YLHZ %\ FRQWUDVW FRXQVHO IRU WKH $FFXVHG DV Amicus Curiae, has WHQGHUHG QR OHJDO DXWKRULW\ WR VXSSRUW KLV YLHZ WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;After 9/11, torture is OKâ&#x20AC;?. Nor has the Amicus Curiae RÍżHUHG DQ\ VXEVWDQWLDO OHJDO SUHFHGHQW VXSSRUWLQJ WKH YLHZV WDNHQ E\ WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH PHPRUDQGD H[HFXWLYH RUGHUV DQG GLUHFWLYHV DQG OHJDO RSLQLRQV JLYLQJ ULVH WR WKHLU FULPHV RI 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW 15.3 Although the Amicus GLG UHIHU WR WKH ZKROH RI KLV %XQGOH DQG LQ SDUWLFXODU WKH DUWLFOHV E\ 0LFKDHO 6WRNHV 3DXOVHQ GXULQJ VXEPLVVLRQV IRU WKH SRLQW WKDW WKH IRUFH RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DV D ERG\ RI ODZ XSRQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV DQ LOOXVLRQ WKLV 7ULEXQDO LV RI WKH RSLQLRQ WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ZDV DW DOO WLPHV ERXQG E\ ODZ DJDLQVW WRUWXUH IRU UHDVRQV WKDW ZLOO DSSHDU ODWHU LQ WKLV judgment. 15.4 The Tribunal also notes that although both John Yoo and David Addington have been called to testify before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives RQ -XQH SDJH WKH Amicus %XQGOH DQG DOWKRXJK WKHUH ZDV QR DFWLRQ WDNHQ DJDLQVW $FFXVHG QXPEHUV WKH DGYLVRUV $OEHUWR 5 *RQ]DOHV 'DYLG 6SHDUV $GGLQJWRQ :LOOLDP - +D\QHV ,, -D\ 6FRWW %\EHH DQG -RKQ &KRRQ <RR WKH VDLG LQTXLU\ KDG IRFXVHG PHUHO\ RQ ZKHWKHU WKHUH ZDV DQ\ UHDVRQ

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

WR UHYRNH WKHLU OLFHQFH WR SUDFWLVH ODZ KWWS ZZZ ZDVKLQJWRQSRVW FRP ZS G\Q FRQWHQW DUWLFOH DU KWPO EXW QRW DV WR ZKHWKHU WKH\ KDG FRPPLWWHG FULPHV RI WRUWXUH DJDLQVW HVWDEOLVKHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO KXPDQLWDULDQ ODZ 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKHVH $FFXVHG KDG indeed committed the crimes in question.

15.5 The prosecution has noted that in Ex parte Pinochet (No > @ :/5 DW S ' (QJOLVK +RXVH RI /RUGV â&#x20AC;&#x153;the prohibition of torture is absolute, jus cogens, and is a peremptory norm of international law from which states cannot derogate.â&#x20AC;? ,Q WKDW FDVH /RUG +RSH VWDWHV WKDW WRUWXUH E\ SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;without doubt â&#x20AC;Ś regarded by customary international law as an international crime.â&#x20AC;? ([FHSWLRQDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV VXFK DV ZDU LQVWDELOLW\ SXEOLF HPHUJHQF\ cannot excuse torture - Article 3, UN Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from being subjected to Torture and other Cruel, Inhumane, and Degrading Treatment or Punishment.

16.

1984 International Convention of the Law of Torture (the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture Conventionâ&#x20AC;?) 16.1 The United States is party to the Torture Convention (2340-2340A Title 18 USC). As the prosecution has SRLQWHG RXW WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHV ÂśWRUWXUHÂˇ DV ÂśWKH LQWHQWLRQDO LQĂ LFWLRQ RI VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ ZKHWKHU SK\VLFDO RU PHQWDO E\ RU ZLWK WKH FRQVHQW RU DFTXLHVFHQFH RI D SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO Âˇ $V HVWDEOLVKHG LQ Ex SDUWH 3LQRFKHW Â´7KH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ >RI 7RUWXUH LQ $UWLFOH RI WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ@ LV VR ZLGH WKDW DQ\ DFW RI RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO WRUWXUH VR ORQJ DV LW LQYROYHG VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ ZRXOG EH FRYHUHG by it.â&#x20AC;?

([FXOSDWRU\ UHDVRQV 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG WKDW WKH H[FXOSDWRU\ UHDVRQV E\ ZKLFK WKH $FFXVHG persons attempted to shield themselves from criminal liability for their acts under the Torture Convention are not valid. A party to the Torture Convention may not XQLODWHUDOO\ UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH ZKDW WRUWXUH PHDQV QRU OLPLW LWV

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

PHDQLQJ WR D VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F SK\VLRORJLFDO RXWFRPH VXFK DV failure of an organ. The prosecution has established that â&#x20AC;&#x153;the acts of the Accused persons are so grave as to constitute Torture under the Torture Conventionâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution clearly established that the Memorandum E\ WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOÂˇV RÎ&#x20AC;FH GDWHG $XJ ZDV OHJDOO\ Ă DZHG LQ DGYLVLQJ WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV KDG DQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;understandingâ&#x20AC;? WKDW WRUWXUH ZDV OLPLWHG WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;extreme forms of cruel and inhuman treatmentâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution notes that â&#x20AC;&#x153;reservations to the Convention under Articles 28 and GR QRW H[WHQG WR WKH ULJKW WR UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH WRUWXUHÂˇ Âľ 17.

Violations of the Geneva Conventions 17.1 The prosecution has established that the Accused persons have violated Common Article 3 of the Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH &RPSODLQDQW :DU Crimes Victims. The U.S. War Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. FULPLQDOL]HV DFWV RXWODZHG E\ &RPPRQ $UWLFOH in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 US 557 applied the protections of Common Article 3 to detainees held at the U.S. base at *XDQWDQDPR &XED 5HOHYDQW SDUWV RI &RPPRQ $UWLFOH 3 bind the United States against â&#x20AC;&#x153;(a) cruel treatment and tortureâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;(c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatmentâ&#x20AC;?. â&#x20AC;&#x153;A UHJXODUO\ FRQVWLWXWHG FRXUW DÍżRUGLQJ DOO WKH MXGLFLDO JXDUDQWHHV which are recognized indispensable by civilized peoplesâ&#x20AC;? must precede any sentences. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The wounded and sick shall be cared for.â&#x20AC;? 17.2 The prosecution has demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that â&#x20AC;&#x153;the US Executive branch, as represented by the President, the Vice-President, and the Defence Secretary [and their respective Accused counsel], intended by a conscious and wilful act not to treat the prisoners [including the Complainant War Crime Victims] in accordance with the Geneva Conventions.â&#x20AC;?

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

18.

Breaches of the Geneva Conventions 18.1 The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt that the acts of the Accused persons against the Complainant War Crime Victims constitute breaches of WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ EXW QRW OLPLWHG WR WKH IROORZLQJ DV VHW RXW E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG QRW UHIXWHG by the Amicus Curiae: (a)

Infliction of cruel treatment in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ VOHHS deprivation;

(b)

Outrages against personal dignity in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, VXFK DV HQIRUFHG QXGLW\ IRU XS WR ZHHNV

7RUWXUH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ III;

(d)

Failure to protect prisoners from intimidation in YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

8VH RI ZHDSRQV DJDLQVW SULVRQHUV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

&ORVH FRQILQHPHQW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III;

(g)

Inadequate heating and lighting in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ VHYHUHO\ FKLOOHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ URRPV KRXU OLJKWLQJ GDUN SULVRQV

+DELWXDO GLHW LJQRUHG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ IRUFHG HDWLQJ of food against religious norms;

(i)

Causing death of prisoners in violation of Article 3; Geneva Convention III;

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

(j)

Mutilation of prisoners in violation of Article 3; Geneva Convention III;

(k)

Reckless endangerment of health of prisoners in YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, including suggesting suicide to a prisoner;

'HQLDO RI PHGLFDO FDUH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III; 10

P ,QDGHTXDWH QXWULWLRQ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III; (n)

Inadequate recreational opportunities in violation RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(o)

Transfer of prisoners to countries practising torture LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(p)

Failure to notify prisoners in advance of WUDQVIHU LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

)DLOXUH WR DOORZ SULVRQHUV WR FRPSODLQ DERXW FDSWLYLW\ FRQGLWLRQV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III;

&RQILQHPHQW ZLWKRXW GD\OLJKW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(s)

Punishment exceeding 30 days in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

'LVFLSOLQDU\ SXQLVKPHQW ZLWKRXW LQIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ WKH RÍ¿HQFH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III;

(u)

Failure to try prisoners in a regularly constituted FRXUW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ III;

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

Z )DLOXUH WR WUDQVPLW OHJDO GRFXPHQWV IURP RU WR SULVRQHUV DQG GHQLDO RI YLVLWV E\ ODZ\HUV WR SULVRQHUV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

(x)

Failure to put prisoners on trial in impartial WULEXQDOV DQG SURQRXQFLQJ JXLOW EHIRUH D WULDO leading to the resignation in protest by eight U.S. military attorneys;

(y)

Imposing moral or physical coercion to induce DGPLVVLRQV RI JXLOW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ LQIRUPLQJ D Complainant War Crime Victim her daughter ZRXOG EH UDSHG DQG KHU VRQ LPSULVRQHG LI VKH GLG QRW FRQIHVV DQG EHLQJ IDOVHO\ WROG KHU GDXJKWHU has been shot;

(z)

Failure to provide speedy trials in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

)DLOXUH WR SXEOLFO\ VWDWH DQG LQIRUP KRZ SULVRQHUV DUH WR EH WUHDWHG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

(aa) Gross denial of due process in violation of Article *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(bb) Absolving liability for redress of grave breaches XQGHU $UWLFOH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III; FF )DLOXUH WR DOORZ SULVRQHUV WR FRPSODLQ WR WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III; (dd) Carrying out experiments to test the level of stress RI KXPDQ EHLQJV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

19.

Accused U.S. President George W. Bush

19.1 The prosecution has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the Accused U.S. President George W. Bush is guilty RI ZDU FULPHV DV 0U %XVK KDG

(a)

20.

issued orders [such as a memorandum dated )HEUXDU\ GHFODULQJ DO 4DHGD SULVRQHUV ZHUH outside the protection of the Geneva Conventions] DXWKRUL]LQJ WUHDWPHQW WKDW ZRXOG FRQVWLWXWH D ZDU crime;

(b)

intended these orders be acted upon;

KDG NQRZOHGJH WKHVH RUGHUV ZHUH LQGHHG DFWHG upon;

NQRZQ WKDW WKH 86 ZDV YLRODWLQJ WKH 7RUWXUH Convention and the Geneva Conventions and had failed to intervene to prevent these violations.â&#x20AC;? See DOVR 5DVXO Y %XVK 1R 6 & 86 -DQXDU\ +DPGDQ Y 5XPVIHOG 8 6 Boumediane v. Bush 553 US 723 (2008).

Accused Richard B. Cheney, former U.S. Vice President 20.1 The prosecution has proved beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW $FFXVHG 5LFKDUG % &KHQH\ IRUPHU 8 6 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;had knowledge of what was going on and in particular that the orders issued by Mr. Bush and Mr. Rumsfeld were issued and acted upon. [Mr. Cheney] was part of the policy makers in this regard. He plainly knew that there were violations of the Torture Convention and/or the Geneva Convention III and failed to intervene to prevent such activity.â&#x20AC;?

21.

Accused Donald H. Rumsfeld, former Defence Secretary 21.1 The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW $FFXVHG 'RQDOG + 5XPVIHOG IRUPHU Defence Secretary has issued Memoranda and Action

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

0HPRUDQGD WKDW ZHUH FHQWUDO WR WKH FRPPRQ SODQ DQG SXUSRVH MRLQW FULPLQDO HQWHUSULVH DQG RU FRQVSLUDF\ of the Accused persons to commit the crimes Torture DQG :DU &ULPHV 7KHVH LQFOXGH DQG DUH QRW OLPLWHG WR D 0HPRUDQGXP IRU WKH -RLQW &KLHIV RI 6WDÍż GDWHG 19 January 2002 Â´DSSURYLQJ WKH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ JLYHQ WR KLP E\ legal counsel Accused John Yoo and Robert Delabunty dated 9 January 2002 that CIA was free to ignore the Geneva Conventions as they did not apply to suspected al Qaeda and Taliban detainees.â&#x20AC;? The prosecution also has established EH\RQG D UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW 0U 5XPVIHOG ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;directly and personallyâ&#x20AC;? involved in the development of 18 techniques of enhanced interrogation that are WDQWDPRXQW WR WRUWXUH DQG XVHG DW *XDQWDQDPR ,UDT and Afghanistan. See also Rasul v. Bush 2004 No. 03-334 6 & 86 -DQXDU\ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 U.S. 557; Boumediane v. Bush 553 US 723 (2008).

22. 20

Accused persons Alberto Gonzales, then Counsel to President Bush; David Addington, then General Counsel to the Vice-President; William Haynes II, then General Counsel to Secretary of Defense; Jay Bybee, then Assistant Attorney General; John Choon Yoo, former Deputy Assistant AttorneyGeneral

22.1 The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW WKH DERYH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DOO ODZ\HUV JDYH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;the Geneva Conventions did not apply [to suspected al Qaeda and Taliban detainees]; that there was no torture occurring within the meaning of the Torture Convention, and that enhanced interrogations techniques, [constituting cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment,] were permissible.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV DGYLFH ZDV Â´Ă DZHG OHJDO DGYLFHÂľ as GHWHUPLQHG E\ $OEHUWR - 0RUD *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR WKH U.S. Navy. See also Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 U.S. 557. 22.2 The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV â&#x20AC;&#x153;knew full well their advice was being sought to be acted upon, and in fact was acted upon, and such advice paved the way for violations of international

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

law, the Geneva Conventions and the Torture Convention.â&#x20AC;? 7KH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH ZDV ELQGLQJ RQ WKH $FFXVHG %XVK 5XPVIHOG DQG &KHQH\ HDFK RI ZKRP UHOLHG RQ WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH 2WKHUV VXFK DV &,$ 'LUHFWRU *HRUJH 7HQHW DQG 'LDQH %HDYHU RÎ&#x20AC;FHU LQ FKDUJH DW *XDQWDQDPR UHOLHG RQ WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH 7KH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV FDPH WR WKH 8 6 EDVH DW *XDQWDQDPR &XED EHIRUH WKH OLVW RI HQKDQFHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV ZDV FRPSLOHG

22.3 The prosecution had established beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV DUH FULPLQDOO\ OLDEOH IRU WKHLU DFWV DQG IRU SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ D MRLQW FULPLQDO enterprise. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Legal advisors who prepare legal advice that is so erroneous as to give rise to an international crime are themselves subject to the rules of international criminality.â&#x20AC;? See Alstotter case; Prosecutor v Tadic &DVH 1R ,7 $ $SSHDO -XGJPHQW -XO\ >Tadic Appeal Judgment]; Prosecutor v. Krnolejac 7ULDO &KDPEHU 0DUFK 22.4 In his brief opening statement made before us at the beginning of the second session of the Hearing on 7 May 3URIHVVRU )UDQFLV %R\OH IRU WKH 3URVHFXWLRQ PDGH UHIHUHQFH WR WKH 1XUHPEHUJ 7ULDOV DV IROORZV At the hearing of Nuremberg, Robert Jackson J, who had stepped down from the US Supreme Court to prosecute these defendants said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;we are setting up one standard of behaviour to be applied not only to the Nazis defendants but also to ourselves,â&#x20AC;? and a generation later, that is what we are asking you, the judges of this Tribunal to do: To apply the exact same standards of international law to these American government RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV WKDW WKH $PHULFDQV DSSOLHG WR WKH 1D]LV DW Nuremberg. No more, no less; but exactly the same, just as Robert Jackson J said should be done in the future. >6HH SDJH OLQHV Notes of Proceedings.]

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

This Tribunal finds no reason to depart from the standard of behaviour so eloquently put by that eminent Nuremberg Chief Prosecutor Justice Jackson.

23.

The verdict 23.1 After considering the evidence adduced by the prosecution and submissions by both the prosecution and the Amicus Curiae on behalf of the 8 Accused SHUVRQV WKH 7ULEXQDO LV VDWLVÃ&#x20AC;HG EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW DOO WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DUH JXLOW\ DV charged. 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ã&#x20AC;QGV WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV

U.S. President George W. Bush and his coconspirators 5LFKDUG % &KHQH\ IRUPHU 8 6 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW 'RQDOG + 5XPVIHOG IRUPHU 'HIHQFH 6HFUHWDU\ $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV WKHQ &RXQVHO WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR WKH 9LFH President :LOOLDP +D\QHV ,, WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR 6HFUHWDU\ of Defense -D\ %\EHH WKHQ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -RKQ &KRRQ <RR IRUPHU 'HSXW\ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ General

JXLOW\ DV FKDUJHG DQG FRQYLFWHG DV ZDU FULPLQDOV IRU 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW of the Complainant War Crime Victims.

23.3 Reparations - The Tribunal orders that reparations FRPPHQVXUDWH ZLWK WKH LUUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG LQMXU\ SDLQ DQG VXÍ¿HULQJ XQGHUJRQH E\ WKH &RPSODLQDQW :DU Crime Victims be paid to the Complainant War Crime Victims. While it is constantly mindful of its stature as PHUHO\ D WULEXQDO RI FRQVFLHQFH ZLWK QR UHDO SRZHU RI HQIRUFHPHQW WKLV 7ULEXQDO Ã&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ this case (being victims placed in detention illegally by the 8 convicted persons) are entitled ex justitia to the

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

payment of reparations by the 8 convicted persons and their government. It is the Tribunalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hope that DUPHG ZLWK WKH )LQGLQJV RI WKLV 7ULEXQDO WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV LQ WKLV FDVH ZLOO LQ WKH QHDU IXWXUH Ă&#x20AC;QG D VWDWH RU DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO MXGLFLDO HQWLW\ DEOH DQG ZLOOLQJ WR exercise jurisdiction and to enforce the verdict of this Tribunal against the 8 convicted persons and their JRYHUQPHQW 7KH 7ULEXQDOÂˇV DZDUG RI UHSDUDWLRQV VKDOO be submitted to the War Crimes Commission to facilitate the determination and collection of reparations by the Complainant War Crime Victims. 23.4 International Criminal Court, United Nations, Security Council $V D WULEXQDO RI FRQVFLHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO LV IXOO\ DZDUH WKDW LWV YHUGLFW LV PHUHO\ GHFODUDWRU\ LQ QDWXUH :H KDYH QR SRZHU RI HQIRUFHPHQW QR SRZHU WR impose any custodial sentence on any one or more of the FRQYLFWHG SHUVRQV :KDW ZH FDQ GR XQGHU $UWLFOH of Chapter VI of Part 2 of the Charter is to recommend WR WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV &RPPLVVLRQ :+,&+ :( +(5(%< '2 WR VXEPLW WKLV Ă&#x20AC;QGLQJ RI FRQYLFWLRQ E\ WKH 7ULEXQDO WRJHWKHU ZLWK D UHFRUG RI WKHVH SURFHHGLQJV WR WKH &KLHI 3URVHFXWRU RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO &RXUW DV ZHOO DV WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV DQG WKH Security Council. 23.5 Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Register of War Criminals )XUWKHU XQGHU $UWLFOH RI WKH VDPH &KDSWHU WKLV 7ULEXQDO recommends to the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission that the names of all the 8 convicted persons herein be entered and included in the Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Register of War Criminals and be publicized accordingly. 23.6 The Tribunal recommends to the War Crimes Commission WR JLYH WKH ZLGHVW LQWHUQDWLRQDO SXEOLFLW\ WR WKLV FRQYLFWLRQ DQG JUDQW RI UHSDUDWLRQV DV WKHVH DUH XQLYHUVDO FULPHV IRU ZKLFK WKHUH LV D UHVSRQVLELOLW\ XSRQ QDWLRQV WR LQVWLWXWH prosecutions if any of these Accused persons may enter their jurisdictions.

Judgment: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

%HIRUH ZH HQG WKHVH SURFHHGLQJV WKH 7ULEXQDO ZLVKHV to place on record its appreciation to counsel in both the prosecution team and the defence team for their diligence DQG GHGLFDWLRQ LQ WKH FRQGXFW RI WKLV PRVW GLÎ&#x20AC;FXOW FDVH LQ WKH UHDOP RI SXEOLF LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ

DATED THIS 11TH DAY OF MAY 2012 10

NOTES OF PROCEEDINGS

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal 1

Advisory Opinion 1

KUALA LUMPUR WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL Case No. 2 - CP - 2011

Chief Prosecutor of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission Against

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

George Walker Bush Donald Henry Rumsfeld Richard Bruce Cheney Alberto R. Gonzales David Spears Addington William J. Haynes II Jay Scott Bybee John Choon Yoo

NOTES OF PROCEEDINGS 25

VENUE: 2nd )ORRU 1R -DODQ 3HUGDQD Taman Tasik Perdana 50480 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Before: 1. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President) 2. Judge Alfred Lambremont Webre -XGJH 7XQNX 6RĂ&#x20AC;DK -HZD 4. Judge Mohd Saari Yusuf 5. Judge Salleh Buang Prosecution Division of the Legal Team: 1. Professor Gurdial Singh Nijar 2. Professor Francis A. Boyle 3. Mr Avtaran Singh 4. Gan Pei Fern (Ms)

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Defence Division of the Legal Team (Amici Curiae): 1. Mr. Jason Kay Kit Leon 2. Asst Prof Dr Mohd Hisham bin Mohd Kamal 3. Dr Abbas Hardani *DORK 1XUVDĂ&#x20AC;QDV 6DPVXGLQ 0V

5. Soo Kok Weng Registrar: Mr. Musa Ismail

***** 07 May 2012 - Session 1

Registrar Musa Ismail: Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal case number 2 - CTH - 2011. 20

The case today is the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission against 0U *HRUJH : %XVK 0U 'RQDOG 5XPVIHOG 0U 'LFN &KHQH\ 0U $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV 0U 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ 0U :LOOLDP +D\QHV 0U Jay Scott Bybee and John Choon Yoo. The Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission is represented by ...

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Professor Gurdial Singh Nijar Registrar Musa Ismail: Assisted by ...

Francis Boyle: Professor Francis Boyle of the United States. 35

Gan Pei Fern: Gan Pei Fern. Registrar Musa Ismail: $V LW LV QRZ WKH $FFXVHG LV QRW SUHVHQW 7KHUHIRUH WKH 7ULEXQDO RQ LWV RZQ DFFRUG KDV DSSRLQWHG $PLFXV WR UHSUHVHQW WKHP 7KH\ DUH DV IROORZV KHDGHG E\ (QFLN

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Jason Kay Registrar Musa Ismail: Assisted by ... Mohd Hisham Kamal: Mohd Hisham Mohd Kamal

Abbas Hardani: Dr. Abbas Hardani Registrar Musa Ismail: And ...

*DORK 1XUVDÃ&#x20AC;QDV 6DPVXGGLQ *DORK 1XUVDÃ&#x20AC;QDV

Registrar Musa Ismail: 7KH FKDUJHV DV DJDLQVW WKH DFFXVHG DUH DV IROORZV &5,0( 2) 725785( DQG :$5 &5,0(6

7KH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZKLFK , KDYH PHQWLRQHG MXVW QRZ KDG FRPPLWWHG WKH &ULPH RI 7RUWXUH DQG :DU &ULPHV DV IROORZV 7KH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV KDG ZLOIXOO\ SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKH formulation of executive orders and directives to exclude the applicability of all international conventions and ODZV QDPHO\ WKH &RQYHQWLRQ DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, 8QLYHUVDO 'HFODUDWLRQ of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter in UHODWLRQ WR WKH ZDU ODXQFKHG E\ WKH 86 DQG RWKHUV LQ Afghanistan (in 2001) and in Iraq (in March 2003);

$GGLWLRQDOO\ DQG RU RQ WKH EDVLV DQG LQ IXUWKHUDQFH WKHUHRI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DXWKRULVHG RU FRQQLYHG LQ WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI DFWV RI WRUWXUH DQG FUXHO GHJUDGLQJ and inhuman treatment against victims in violation of LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WUHDWLHV DQG FRQYHQWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ the Convention against Torture 1984 and the Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

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1H[W RQ WKH SDJH DUH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH ZKLFK , VKDOO QRW UHDG 7KH YLFWLPV ZLOO FRPH WR WKH ZLWQHVV ER[ WR JLYH HYLGHQFH as to the rest of the charges here.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\ LW SOHDVH <RXU +RQRXUV , ZLVK WR SURFHHG ZLWK WKH opening statement as a prelude to the commencement of the WULDO WKLV KLVWRULF WULDO ,ÂˇYH EHHQ JLYHQ DGYDQFHG LQWLPDWLRQ by the amicus curiae that they have a preliminary objection WR UDLVH VR , \LHOG WKH Ă RRU IRU WKHP WR UDLVH WKHLU REMHFWLRQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: /HDUQHG 0HPEHUV RI WKH 7ULEXQDO , KDYH SUHSDUHG D VKRUW ZULWWHQ VXEPLVVLRQ DV WKH SUHOLPLQDU\ SRLQW RU LVVXH DQG LW LV supported by Bundle of Authorities volume 2.

,I , PD\ WDNH <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV WKURXJK WKH VKRUW ZULWWHQ VXEPLVVLRQ" 7KH SRLQW WKDW ZH ZLVK WR UDLVH LV /DZV RU 7UHDWLHV WKDW PD\ RU PD\ QRW EH FRQVLGHUHG E\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO LQ WKLV FDVH 7KH VW SRLQW 7KLV :DU &ULPHV 7ULEXQDO WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV 7ULEXQDO LV SDUW RI WKH .XDOD /XPSXU )RXQGDWLRQ WR &ULPLQDOLVH :DU 7KH 7ULEXQDO ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG XQGHU $UWLFOH RI WKH &KDUWHU $QG LW UHDGV â&#x20AC;&#x153;There shall hereby be established the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission, the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal, the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Legal Team and the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Secretariat, whose functions and jurisdiction, respectively, shall be governed by the provisions of this Charter.â&#x20AC;? 3RLQW WKH )RXQGDWLRQ ZDV FUHDWHG DQG WKLV LV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH GRFXPHQWV LQ WKH YROXPH GRFXPHQW QR DW SDJH XQGHU the Trustees (Incorporation) Act 1952 (Act 258). The Act can be IRXQG DW SDJH LWÂˇV WKH QG GRFXPHQW LQ WKH EXQGOH ZKLFK is a Malaysian statute. ,I , PD\ SURFHHG WR SDJH RI P\ VXEPLVVLRQ"

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Point no. 4: 7KH 9LHQQD &RQYHQWLRQ RQ /DZ RI 7UHDWLHV VWDWHV WKDW D 6WDWH LV ERXQG E\ WUHDWLHV E\ ZD\ RI UDWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DFFHSWDQFH DSSURYDO RU DFFHVVLRQ 7KH 9LHQQD &RQYHQWLRQ LQ LWV HQWLUHW\ FDQ EH IRXQG DW WKH 3URVHFXWLRQÂˇV %XQGOH Volume 2. Malaysia acceded to the Vienna Treaty on the 27th of July 1994. That document can be found at page 24 of our 2nd bundle. 3RLQW QR 1RZ WKLV 7ULEXQDO KDYLQJ EHHQ HVWDEOLVK XQGHU 0DOD\VLDQ ODZ DQG QRWZLWKVWDQGLQJ WKH IDFW WKDW LW FDQ VLW DQ\ZKHUH RXWVLGH .XDOD /XPSXU WKLV LV SURYLGHG LQ $UWLFOH RI RXU &KDUWHU KDV LWV VHDW LQ .XDOD /XPSXU 0DOD\VLD that is in Article 3 again of the Charter. It is therefore subject WR 0DOD\VLDQ ODZV when it sits in Malaysia DV LW LV GRLQJ LQ WKH SUHVHQW FDVH $Q\ WUHDW\ WKDW 0DOD\VLD GLG QRW UDWLI\ ZH VXEPLW LV EH\RQG WKLV 7ULEXQDOÂˇV MXULVGLFWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH WKH 7ULEXQDO FDQQRW DSSO\ DQ\ ODZ WKDW LV QRW DOORZHG E\ WKH 0DOD\VLDQ )HGHUDO &RQVWLWXWLRQ WKH VXSUHPH ODZ RI 0DOD\VLD ,ÂˇP DW 3RLQW QRZ Article 4(1) of the Malaysian Constitution states that:-

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This Constitution is the supreme law of the Federation and any law passed after Merdeka Day which is inconsistent with this Constitution shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void.â&#x20AC;? Point no. 8. Article 160(2) states:â&#x20AC;&#x153;In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lawâ&#x20AC;? includes written law, the common law in so far as it is in operation in the Federation or any part thereof, and any custom or usage having the force of law in the Federation or any part thereof;â&#x20AC;? 40

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, PRYH QRZ WR SDJH QR SRLQW QR Â´LawÂľ LV YHU\ VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG LQ $UWLFOH RI WKH 0DOD\VLDQ )HGHUDO &RQVWLWXWLRQ That can be found at page 68 of the Amicus bundle.

A â&#x20AC;&#x153;Treatyâ&#x20AC;? LV ZULWWHQ $ WUHDW\ RQO\ EHFRPHV â&#x20AC;&#x153;written lawâ&#x20AC;? after LW KDV EHHQ UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG

3RLQW QR WKH KHDUW RI WKH PDWWHU )URP WKH OLVW RI 7UHDWLHV WKDW DSSHDU LQ WKH 3URVHFXWLRQÂˇV %XQGOH 9ROXPH 1R 6WDWXWHV 0DOD\VLD KDV QRW UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKH IROORZLQJ:-

,WHP ZKLFK LV WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV &RQYHQWLRQ DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH DQG RWKHU &UXHO ,QKXPDQ RU 'HJUDGLQJ Treatment or Punishment 1984. The authority to support that proposition can be found at page 76 of our bundle.

,WHP RI WKH 3URVHFXWLRQÂˇV %XQGOH ZKLFK LV WKH 8QLWHG Nations Declaration on the Protection of All Persons IURP %HLQJ 6XEMHFWHG WR 7RUWXUH DQG 2WKHU &UXHO Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1975. The authority for that proposition can be found at our bundle at page 74. ,WHP LQ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ EXQGOH ZKLFK LV 3URWRFRO , Additional Protocol I of the Geneva Convention and that authority can be found at our bundle at page 111. ,WHP $GGLWLRQDO 3URWRFRO ,, WR WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ That authority support for that proposition can be found in our bundle at page 117.

,WHP QXPEHU WKH 5RPH 6WDWXWH RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO Criminal Court 1998. And that proposition is backed by authority at page 123 in our bundle. 35

1RZ LWHPV LQ WKH VDPH SURVHFXWLRQ 9ROXPH KDYH QR IRUFH LQ 0DOD\VLD DV LW LV WKH ODZV RI WKH United States. , PRYH QRZ WR SDJH RI P\ VXEPLVVLRQ 3RLQW QXPEHU 7KH FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW ZH VXEPLW LV YDOLG IRU WKLV 7ULEXQDO WR GUDZ LV WKDW 7UHDWLHV WKDW KDYH QRW EHHQ UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG DV OLVWHG DERYH

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

KDYH QR IRUFH RI ODZ ZKDWVRHYHU LQ 0DOD\VLD DQG WKHUHIRUH VKRXOG QRW EH UHIHUUHG WR E\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO LQ DQ\ ZD\ GXULQJ the hearing of this case.

3RLQW QR )XUWKHU LI ZH ZHUH WR WDNH WKH VWULFW UHDGLQJ RI $UWLFOH DQG $UWLFOH RI WKH 0DOD\VLDQ &RQVWLWXWLRQ LW ZRXOG PHDQ WKDW LI D 7UHDW\ LV QRW UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG E\ 0DOD\VLD LW LV LQFRQVLVWHQW E\ YLUWXH RI QRW EHLQJ UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG ZLWK WKH Constitution and is therefore VOID.

Point no. 14: An accused is entitled to have a fair trial â&#x20AC;&#x153;according to lawâ&#x20AC;?. I refer to the case of R v. Sang (House of Lords) [1980] AC 402 VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ DW SDJH % ZKLFK FDQ EH IRXQG DW SDJH RI RXU EXQGOH 9ROXPH In this instance, the trial is ZLWKLQ WKH JHRJUDSKLFDO ERXQGDULHV RI 0DOD\VLD Therefore 0DOD\VLDQ ODZ DSSOLHV $QG LI 0DOD\VLDQ ODZ DSSOLHV WKHQ WKRVH WUHDWLHV WKRVH WUHDWLHV WKDW ZHUH QRW UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG E\ 0DOD\VLD are out. They cannot be considered by this Tribunal. No reference must be made to them by the Prosecution during the trial of this present case. 3RLQW QR 7KLV SRVLWLRQ ZH VXEPLW LV EROVWHUHG E\ WKH Malaysian High Court decision of Judge RK Nathan in the case of ,QVDV %KG Y 3DUDP &XPDUDVZDP\ > @ 0/- . 7KLV FDQ EH IRXQG DW SDJH LQ RXU EXQGOH ZKHUH WKH +LJK &RXUW LQ WKDW FDVH KHOG WKDW WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH ,&- ZRXOG ELQG parties to the suit RQO\ EHFDXVH WKH GHIHQGDQW WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV DQG WKH JRYHUQPHQW RI 0DOD\VLD DQG DV DQ DVLGH WKH 3ODLQWLÍżV WKHUH GLG QRW REMHFW

7KH &RXUW ZDV KRZHYHU TXLWH VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F LQ LWV UXOLQJ WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;this case should not be treated as a set precedent for all future cases.â&#x20AC;? That FDQ EH IRXQG DW SDJH RI WKDW FDVH 7KH &RXUW ZDV TXLWH FOHDU WKDW LW GLVDJUHHG ZLWK FHUWDLQ DVSHFWV RI WKH ,&- RSLQLRQ DQG ZDV VRPHZKDW FULWLFDO RI WKH FRQGXFW RI WKH ,&- ZKLFK JDYH D UXOLQJ WKDW ZHQW EH\RQG WKH TXHVWLRQ WKDW ZDV SRVHG WR LW E\ the parties. This particular potion of judgment can be found at page 276 para G I. 3RLQW 2XU VXEPLVVLRQ LV VLPSOH (YHQ ZKHQ D WUHDW\ LV DFFHSWHG E\ 0DOD\VLD WKH +LJK &RXUW LQ WKDW FDVH RI Insas had made it very clear that it only applies because all the

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parties agreed to be bound by the opinion of the ICJ. It left YHU\ RSHQ WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKDW PLJKW KDYH KDSSHQHG KDG RQH party refused to be bound by the ICJâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opinion.

1RZ ZKDW PRUH LI 0DOD\VLD GLG not UDWLI\ D 7UHDW\" ,Q WKH FDVH RI ,QVDV WKH WUHDW\ WKDW 0DOD\VLD KDG VXFFHHGHG WR ZDV the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations 1946 on 28 Oct 1957. That is at page 280 of bundle volume no. 2.

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Point 18. We humbly seek a ruling from the Tribunal in the above terms to be given before the prosecution commences its case against the 8 Accused. Thank you. Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV WKLV LV D UDWKHU VHULRXV SURSRVLWLRQ WKDW KDV EHHQ SXW IRUZDUG E\ WKH GHIHQFH LQ DQ DWWHPSW WR H[FOXGH FHUWDLQ critical Treaties that have made very clear that torture is an LQWHUQDWLRQDO ZDU FULPH

, KDYH EHIRUH <RXU /RUGVKLS <RXU +RQRXUV D ZULWWHQ submission and I am going to raise 5 points. 30

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Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

â&#x20AC;&#x153;there shall be hereby be established the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission, the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal, the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Legal team and the War Crimes Secretariat,â&#x20AC;? DQG WKLV LV WKH LPSRUWDQW SDUW â&#x20AC;&#x153;whose functions and jurisdiction respectively shall be governed by the provisions of this Charter.â&#x20AC;? It does not say, Â´VKDOO EH JRYHUQHG E\ ZULWWHQ ODZ RI 0DOD\VLD Âľ Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s an important point to remember. So let us look at the provisions of this Charter. 1RZ WKH &RPPLVVLRQ LQYHVWLJDWHV FRPSODLQWV PDNH recommendations to the legal team and the Tribunal is the legal arm of the Commission and the Prosecutor then refers based on the recommendations of the Commission then prefers charges and the Tribunal hears these Charges. 1RZ LI \RX ORRN DW WKH SUHDPEOH RI SDUDJUDSKV RI WKH &KDUWHU QRZ , LQYLWH <RXU +RQRXUV WR SDJH ZH ZLOO VHH WKDW WKLV LV DQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO %RG\ EHVWRZHG ZLWK SRZHUV WR GHDO ZLWK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZV DOO ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZV 1RZ Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZH VHH ZK\ WKLV &RPPLVVLRQ DQG 7ULEXQDO ZHUH VHW XS :H ORRN DW WKH SUHDPEOH RI WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SDUDJUDSK

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Conscious that grave crimes continue to threaten the peace, security and well-being of the world,

Mindful that these crimes must not be allowed to go unpunished, Determined to bring to justice the perpetrators of these crimes and to prevent the repetition of such crimes in the future,â&#x20AC;?

DQG DW WKH ERWWRP Â´5HDÎ&#x20AC;UPLQJ WKH 3XUSRVHV DQG 3ULQFLSOHV RI WKH &KDUWHU RI the United Nations, ...â&#x20AC;?

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the international community.â&#x20AC;? 7KDWÂˇV DW SDJH WKH QG SUHDPEOH to the paragraph. $QG WKHQ ZH ZDQW WR UHVROYH WR JXDUDQWHH ODVWLQJ UHVSHFW IRU HQIRUFHPHQW RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO MXVWLFH 6R LW LV DOO DERXW LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ ,WÂˇV QRW DERXW ZKHUH ZH VLW DQG WKHUHIRUH WKDW ODZ ZLOO WLH XV GRZQ 7KDWÂˇV D FRPSOHWH PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH ZKROH WKUXVW DQG SXUSRVH RI WKH VHWWLQJ XS WKLV International Tribunal.

0\ /HDUQHG )ULHQG KDV VDLG LW GHSHQGV XSRQ ZKHUH ZH VLW DQG KH DFNQRZOHGJHV WKDW ZH FDQ VLW DQ\ZKHUH 6R LI WRPRUURZ ZH GHFLGH WR VLW LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ" 7KHQ ZH DOO FKDQJH FRXUVH DQG VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ok now we leave Malaysian law behind and its contentions, correct? And now we start looking at Afghanistan law?â&#x20AC;? %HFDXVH ZH FRXOG ZHOO KDYH IRU H[DPSOH KDYH D 7ULEXQDO WR decide on the great crimes committed against the Palestinians. :H PLJKW GHFLGH WR KROG LW LQ 3DOHVWLQH $QG WKHQ ZH VKLIW FRXUVH DJDLQ" $QG IRUJHW DERXW LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ" )RUJHW DERXW 0DOD\VLDQ ODZ" $QG WKHQ ZH VWDUW ORRNLQJ DW WKH 3DOHVWLQLDQ ODZ" 6R WKLV LV QRW ZKDW WKLV LV DOO DERXW $QG ZH ORRN DW $UWLFOH ZKLFK PDNHV LW FOHDU $UWLFOH ZKLFK DW SDJH

â&#x20AC;&#x153;that the commission and the tribunal shall have an international legal personalityâ&#x20AC;? 30

$QG LI ZH ORRN DW $UWLFOH SDJH WKH JHQHUDO REMHFWLYH RI WKH FRPPLVVLRQ LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;To receive and investigate complaints from victims of wars DQG DUPHG FRQĂ LFWV LQ UHODWLRQ WR FULPHV DJDLQVW SHDFH ZDU FULPHV FULPHV DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ DQG RWKHU OLNH RÍżHQFHV DV recognized under international lawâ&#x20AC;? $QG LI \RX ORRN DW $UWLFOH VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F MXULVGLFWLRQ LV JLYHQ WR LQYHVWLJDWH FULPHV FRPPLWWHG LQ YDULRXV SDUWV RI WKH ZRUOG ,UDT 3DOHVWLQH $IJKDQLVWDQ /HEDQRQ DQG RWKHU ZDU FULPHV referred to by the commission.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

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And the clearest example of this is the Nuremberg Charter. 1RZ WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU DW SDJH RI P\ VXEPLVVLRQ SDUDJUDSK QRZ WKDW PDNHV LW YHU\ FOHDU $IWHU WKH 6HFRQG :RUOG :DU WKHUH ZDV VHW XS D &KDUWHU WKHUH ZDV DJUHHG WR D &KDUWHU WR GHFLGH RQ WKH DOOHJHG ZDU FULPLQDOV $QG WKLV LV ZKDW $UWLFOH RI WKDW &KDUWHU VDLG $UWLFOH RI WKDW &KDUWHU VDLG DQG , TXRWH IURP WRS RI P\ SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;The permanent seat of the Tribunal shall be in Berlin. The Ă&#x20AC;UVW PHHWLQJ RI WKH PHPEHUV RI WKH 7ULEXQDO DQG RI WKH &KLHI Prosecutors shall be held in Berlin, in a place to be designated E\ WKH &RQWURO &RXQVHO IRU *HUPDQ\ 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WULDO VKDOO EH held at Nuremberg and any subsequent trials shall be held at such places as the Tribunal may decide.â&#x20AC;?

6R WKDWÂˇV H[DFWO\ WKH SRLQW WKDW EHFDXVH WKH\ KDYH GHFLGHG WKDW VHDWV WR EH LQ %HUOLQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WULDO LV LQ 1XUHPEHUJ GRHV it mean that therefore that Nuremberg trial is limited to the ODZ RI *HUPDQ\"

,QGHHG WKDW ZDV WKH FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW ZDV PDGH E\ WKH 'HIHQFH 7KH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;You just judge us by the law that exists in Germany, the municipal law of Germany. Because the municipal law in Germany, +LWOHUÂˇV ODZ VD\V \RX FDQ GR WKLV \RX FDQ NLOO WKH -HZV \RX FDQ do variety of things, you can abolish courts, you can impose death sentence when and where you like?â&#x20AC;?

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

6R WKH\ VDLG MXGJH XV E\ WKH *HUPDQ ODZ H[DFWO\ WKH VXEPLVVLRQ WKDW LV EHLQJ PDGH %HFDXVH ZK\" %HFDXVH WKH VHDW LV KHUH $QG ZKDW GLG WKH &RXUW VD\" 7KH &RXUW UHMHFWHG WKDW $QG LI \RX ORRN DW P\ %XQGOH $ , LQYLWH <RXU +RQRXUV to page 694 of that Bundle.

>5HJLVWUDU IRUZDUGV WKH %XQGOHV WR WKH -XGJHV@ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1R WKDW LV WKH 'HIHQFH %XQGOH :H QHHG RXU %XQGOH , WKLQN WKH ZURQJ %XQGOH KDV EHHQ KDQGHG KHUH DQG , DSRORJLVH RQ behalf of the Registrar.

>5HJLVWUDU IRUZDUGV WKH 3URVHFXWLRQÂˇV %XQGOH WR WKH -XGJHV@ 15

Gurdial Singh Nijar: So my second point is that: Just because that is designated for DGPLQLVWUDWLYH FRQYHQLHQFH RU IRU ZKDWHYHU UHDVRQ WKHUH LV ORFXV IRU WKH WULDO WR EH FRQYHQHG WKDW GRHV QRW PHDQ WKDW WKDW ODZ RI WKDW DGPLQLVWUDWLYH DUUDQJHPHQW VKRXOG DGDSW WKDW WKDW ODZ VKRXOG DSSO\ DQG QRWKLQJ HOVH 7KDWÂˇV P\ VHFRQG SRLQW WKDW , DP PDNLQJ $QG VLQFH WKH DXWKRULW\ LV QRW KHUH PD\EH ,ÂˇOO UHDG LW VORZO\ %XW LW LV LQ P\ %XQGOH $ DW SDJH 694. It is the trial of Joseph Alstotter and if I invite Your +RQRXUV WR ORRN DW WKH ODVW SDUDJUDSK DW SDJH LW VWDUWV ZLWK

â&#x20AC;&#x153;In its judgement, the Tribunal dealt, inter alia, with the legal basis of the Tribunal and of the law which it applied.â&#x20AC;? 30

6R LW LV GLUHFWO\ RQ SRLQW $QG , QRZ LQYLWH <RXU +RQRXUV QRZ WR WXUQ WR SDJH $QG DW SDJH DW SDUDJUDSKV VWDUWLQJ ZLWK â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are empowered to determine the guilt or innocence of SHUVRQV DFFXVHG RI DFWV GHVFULEHG DV ÂśZDU FULPHVÂˇ DQG ÂśFULPHV DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\Âˇ XQGHU UXOHV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ $W WKLV point, in connection with cherished doctrines of national sovereignty, it is important to distinguish between the rules of common international law which are of universal and superior authority on the one hand, and the provisions for enforcement of those rules which are by no means universal

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

on the other. As to the superior authority of international law, we quote: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;If there exists a body of international law which. States, from a sense of legal obligation, do in fact observe in their relations with each other, and which they are unable individually to alter or destroy, that law must necessarily be regarded as the law of each political entity deemed to be a State, and as prevailing throughout places under its control. This is true although there be QR ORFDO DÎ&#x20AC;UPDWLYH DFWLRQ LQGLFDWLQJ WKH DGRSWLRQ E\ WKH individual State of international law .... International law, as the local law of each State, is necessarily superior to any administrative regulation or statute or public DFW DW YDULDQFH ZLWK LW 7KHUH FDQ EH QR FRQĂ LFW RQ DQ HTXDO SODQH ÂˇÂľ $QG WKHQ LW JRHV RQ

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This universality and superiority of international law does not necessarily imply universality of its enforcement. As to the punishment of persons guilty of violating the laws and customs of war (war crimes in the narrow sense), it has always been recognised that tribunals maybe established and punishment imposed by the State into whose hands the perpetrators fall. Those rules of international law were recognised as paramount, and jurisdiction to enforce them by the injured belligerent government, whether within the territorial boundaries of the State or in occupied territory, has been unquestioned.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKHQ RQH YHU\ TXLFN ORRN DW SDJH WKH nd SDUDJUDSK

Â´7KH IRUHJRLQJ SURYLVLRQV FRQVWLWXWH D VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW EXW QRW an entire, answer to the contention of the defendants. The argument that compliance with German law is a defence to the charge rests upon a misconception of the basic theory which supports our entire proceedings. The Nuremberg Tribunals are not German courts.â&#x20AC;?

This Tribunal is not a Malaysian court.

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;They are not enforcing German law. The charges are not based on violations by the defendants of German law.â&#x20AC;? Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not talking here about violations under the Federal &RQVWLWXWLRQ :HÂˇUH WDONLQJ DERXW LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DQG VR RQ

â&#x20AC;&#x153;On the contrary, the jurisdiction of this Tribunal rests on international authority.â&#x20AC;? 10

$V WKH &KDUWHU PDNHV FOHDU DV ,ÂˇYH UHDG â&#x20AC;&#x153;It enforces the law as declared by the Charter and C.C. Law 10, and within the limitations on the power conferred, it enforces international law as superior in authority to any German statute or decree. It is true, as defendants contend, that German courts under the Third Reich were required to follow German law (i.e., the expressed will of Hitler) even when it was contrary to international law. But no such limitation can be applied to this Tribunal. Here we have the paramount substantive law, plus a Tribunal authorised and required to apply it notwithstanding the inconsistent provisions of German local law.â&#x20AC;? 7KDW DQVZHUV DOPRVW FRPSOHWHO\ LQ WKH YRLFH RI WKH 1XUHPEHUJ judgment the contention by the Learned Counsel. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s my second point. 7KH WKLUG SRLQW LV DFWXDOO\ <RXU +RQRXU ZH KDYH DOUHDG\ GHFLGHG WKLV TXHVWLRQ EHIRUH DV WR WKH DSSOLFDEOH ODZ ,I ZH ORRN DW WKH $GYLVRU\ 2SLQLRQ WKDW ZDV GHOLYHUHG E\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO ZKLFK ZLWK UHVSHFW WKH 'HIHQFH &RXQVHO VKRXOG KDYH EURXJKW WR WKH DWWHQWLRQ RI WKH &RXUW LW ZDV KHOG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;the applicable law before determining cases for this Tribunal is International Humanitarian Law.â&#x20AC;?

$QG LI \RX ORRN DW SDJH WKLV LV WKH $GYLVRU\ 2SLQLRQ RI VW 2FWREHU LQ WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV 7ULEXQDO 5HSRUW , invite you to look at the report at page 5: The question there ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Can George Bush and his cohorts, can they exclude themselves from the force of the conventions like the Torture Convention and Geneva?â&#x20AC;?

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

&RXOG WKH\ GR WKDW" 7KH FRXUW FRQVLGHUHG WKLV DQG VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;of course they cannot.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKLV LV ZKDW WKH &RXUW VDLG SDJH OLQH WKLV LV ZKDW WKLV 7ULEXQDO VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;We reach this conclusion from treaty law, case law and jus cogens in international humanitarian law.â&#x20AC;? 7KH VRXUFHV RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO +XPDQLWDULDQ /DZ DUH VHW RXW

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The primary sources of international humanitarian law are treaties, customary law (jus cogens, state practice, opinio juris), case law DQG PLOLWDU\ GRFWULQH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG PDQXDOV DQG RWKHU military publications and regulations, International Courts, ad-hoc tribunals and commissions, and domestic courts all enforce and interpret international humanitarian law. The International Court of Justice has addressed International Humanitarian Law in a few of its judgments,â&#x20AC;? and it goes on to quote. 7KH QH[W SDUDJUDSK VD\V

Â´:H ZLOO Ă&#x20AC;UVW H[DPLQH WKH DSSOLFDEOH FDVH ODZ LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO humanitarian law for relevant legal precedence by which this Tribunal is ERXQG in applying International Humanitarian Law to the instant Application.â&#x20AC;? 25

And then the judgment continues to cite from a large number RI VRXUFHV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ OLNH WKH ,&- GHFLVLRQV DQG VR on so forth. So thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very clear. We have legal precedent of this Court. 30

,Q FDVH WKLV LV FRQVLGHUHG LQVXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW OHWÂˇV ORRN DW WKH ODVW KHDULQJ ZH KDG LQ UHVSHFW RI WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW FKDUJH DJDLQVW *HRUJH %XVK DQG $QWKRQ\ / %ODLU ZKLFK LV DOVR LQ WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV 5HSRUW DQG , UHIHU WR SDJHV ZKHUH P\ OHDUQHG IULHQG 'HIHQFH &RXQVHO DFWXDOO\ UDLVHG D PRUH fundamental objection as to the jurisdiction of this Tribunal and this Tribunal in ruling on that point made clear the basis RI WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ ZKHUH LV WKLV GHULYHG IURP DQG LI , FRXOG invite Your Honours to look at page 97 of the Judgment of the UXOLQJ WKDW ZDV PDGH RQ WK 1RYHPEHU E\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO ODVW SDUDJUDSK

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;On the issue of Jurisdiction, this is the unanimous view of the Tribunal. The Tribunal is of the unanimous view that it is exercising valid jurisdiction on the following grounds:

:H DUH D OHJDOO\ FRQVWLWXWHG ERG\ EHFDXVH ZH DUH an organ of the Kuala Lumpur Foundation to &ULPLQDOLVH :DU ZKLFK LV D ODZIXO HQWLW\ XQGHU the Trustee Incorporation Act.

,Q WKH FRQWH[W RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WKH FRQFHSW RI ODZ LQFRUSRUDWHV SULQFLSOHV RI QDWXUDO MXVWLFH DQG good conscience. This tribunal is a tribunal of conscience inspired by the highest ideals of natural ODZ DQG MXVWLFH

Our charter is largely inspired by the Rome Statute.

We are guided by earlier precedents of tribunals of conscience in many other countries including Tokyo and Turkey.

2XU LQDELOLW\ WR HQIRUFH D MXGJHPHQW GRHV QRW DÍżHFW RXU YDOLGLW\ $OO OHJDO V\VWHPV NQRZ RI VDQFWLRQOHVV duties and unenforceable rights $UH ZH XVXUSLQJ WKH IXQFWLRQV RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV" 7KH DQVZHU LV :H DJUHH ZLWK WKH &RXQVHO IRU WKH 3URVHFXWLRQ WKDW ZH DUH FRPSOHPHQWLQJ the United Nations because of its inability to act in relation to the atrocities that are the subject of this proceeding. Crimes against peace are the subject of the universal jurisdiction and this Tribunal in Kuala /XPSXU LV ZLWKLQ LWV SRZHUV WR DGMXGLFDWH RQ FULPHV DJDLQVW SHDFH )XUWKHU RXU &KDUWHU DOORZV us to conduct our proceedings in other countries that are the subject of the ICC

)LQDOO\ WKH 7ULEXQDO QRWHV ZLWK UHJUHW WKH DQDORJ\ GUDZQ E\ WKH /HDUQHG 'HIHQFH &RXQVHO ZLWK

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

vigilante groups. This Tribunal is not a motley collection of vigilantes but a tribunal of conscience guided and inspired by the highest principles of LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG MXVWLFH Âµ

1RW OLPLWHG E\ JHRJUDSKLFDO MXULVGLFWLRQ ZKHUH WKH FRXUW VLWV 6R RQ WKLV SRLQW ZH KDYH WKH HDUOLHU GHFLVLRQV RI WKH 7ULEXQDO ZKLFK PDNHV LW FOHDU 10

0\ QH[W SRLQW YHU\ EULHIO\ LV ZH DUH UHIHUULQJ KHUH WR XQLYHUVDO FULPHV DQG , DP DW SDJH DW P\ VXEPLVVLRQ DW WKH ERWWRP DQG LQ DQ\ HYHQW WKHVH DUH XQLYHUVDO FULPH EDVHG on jus cogens DQG FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ ZKLFK SUH GDWH WKH &RQYHQWLRQV 7KH &RQYHQWLRQV OLNH WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ PHUHO\ FRGLI\ WKLV DQG SURYLGHG D PDFKLQHU\ point for enforcement. 6R , ZLOO QRW ODERXU WKLV SRLQW H[FHSW WR VD\ WKDW LQ P\ SDUDJUDSK WKDW IROORZV LW LV PDGH FU\VWDO FOHDU WKDW WRUWXUH DV D ZDU FULPH SUH GDWHV WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ $OO WKDW WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ SURYLGHV LV PDFKLQHU\ IRU HQIRUFHPHQW but it re-states all the basic fundamental principle about the fact that torture is an international crime. That is the point that ZH DUH PDNLQJ

6R ZH FDQ ORRN DW WKH Universal Declaration of Human Rights ZKLFK LV LQ P\ SDUDJUDSK $V RI WKDW GDWH WKH 8QLYHUVDO Declaration says torture is prohibited. And this is a UN Declaration of Human Rights. 30

$QG LI ZH ORRN DW WKH (QJOLVK +RXVH RI /RUGV FDVH ZKHUH DQRWKHU ZDU FULPLQDO Pinochet ZDV EHLQJ DUUDLJQHG IRU H[WUDGLWLRQ SURFHHGLQJ WKH FRXUW VDLG WKHUH YHU\ FOHDUO\ , ZRQÂ·W UHDG LW LWÂ·V MXVW WKDW , KDYH JRW WKH %XQGOH $ ,Â·YH JRW WKH FLWDWLRQ EXW WKH SURKLELWLRQ DJDLQVW WRUWXUH LV absolute there can be no derogation from it as it is accepted jus cogens ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW LWÂ·V QRUP RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ EHFDXVH HYHU\ FRXQWU\ LQ WKH ZRUOG DJUHHV WKDW WRUWXUH VKRXOG EH D FULPH that it cannot be a state policy to commit torture. It cannot be SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO SROLF\ WR FRPPLW WRUWXUH

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

6R , TXRWH LQ P\ SDUDJUDSK ZKLFK LV DOVR WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO criminal tribunal case for the former Yugoslavia referred to LQ 3LQQRFKHWÂˇV FDVH LW VD\V WKDW WKHUHIRUH WKLV jus cogens WKLV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZ SDUDJUDSK

â&#x20AC;&#x153;enjoys a higher rank in the international hierarchy than treaty ODZ DQG HYHQ ÂśRUGLQDU\Âˇ FXVWRPDU\ UXOHVÂľ DQG WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;The prohibition against torture has now become one of the most fundamental standard of the international community.â&#x20AC;? It is, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Without doubt, regarded by customary international law as an international crime.â&#x20AC;?

$W SDUDJUDSK LQ WKH ZRUG RI WKH (QJOLVK +RXVH RI /RUGV , TXRWH 15

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Torture Convention was agreed not in order to create an international crime which had not previously existed but to provide an international system under which the international FULPLQDO WKH WRUWXUHU ZRXOG Ă&#x20AC;QG QR VDIH KDYHQ Âľ 20

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;No one should be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW RU ÂśSXQLVKPHQWÂˇ Âľ 0\ Ă&#x20AC;QDO SRLQW LV WKDW , WKLQN ZLWK UHVSHFW ZLWK P\ OHDUQHG IULHQG 'HIHQFH &RXQVHO KH LV UHDGLQJ WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ODZ YHU\

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

UHVWULFWLYHO\ EHFDXVH LI \RX VHH ZKDW KH VD\V WKH TXRWDWLRQ WKDW KH PDNHV LQ KLV VXEPLVVLRQ DW SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;... law includes written law, the common law, and insofar it is in operation in the federation or any part thereof, and any custom or usage that having the force of law in the federation or any part thereof.â&#x20AC;? 6R LW LV QRW MXVW ZULWWHQ ODZ WKDW KDV IRUFH LQ 0DOD\VLD LW LV DOVR FRPPRQ ODZ ZKLFK PHDQV WKH ODZ DV XQGHUVWRRG JHQHUDOO\ DQG DV LQWHUSUHWHG DV WLPH WR WLPH E\ WKH &RXUWV DV ZHOO DV FXVWRP RU XVDJH KDYLQJ WKH IRUFH RI ODZ 2XU FRXUWV KDYH DOZD\V DSSOLHG WKH FRPPRQ ODZ <RXU +RQRXUV KHUH VRPH RI your Honours here been very distinguished members of our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to the case of $GRQJ .XZDX Y .HUDMDDQ 1HJHUL -RKRU > @ MLJ 418 DQG , LQYLWH <RXU +RQRXUV WR ORRN DW SDJH EHIRUH WKDW SDJH XQGHU WKH VXE KHDGLQJ Âś3ODLQWLÍżÂˇV ULJKWV XQGHU &RPPRQ /DZÂˇ $QG , UHDG

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The study of native land rights shows that the common law recognizes native land rights, even in countries practicing the Torrens land system where the authorities issues titles pursuant to statutory powers.â&#x20AC;? 35

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This landmark case in which six out of seven Supreme Court judges found it necessary to go into the substantive issues of native land rights, held that common law categorily recognized native rights over their land.â&#x20AC;?

$QG WKHQ DW SDJH WKH\ UHOLHG RQ WKH Mabo case (No. 2) right at the top and then said that based on the development RI WKH FRPPRQ ODZ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ZKDW WKH FRPPRQ ODZ LV VDLG WKDW FRXUWV FDQ UHFRJQL]H ULJKWV QRW MXVW WKH ZULWWHQ ODZ

$QG WKHQ DW SDJH WKH FRXUW UXOHG WKDW WKH\ KDYH WKH ULJKW $QG DW SDJH OHWWHU Âś(Âˇ WKH &RXUW FRQFOXGHV DIWHU ORRNLQJ DW DOO WKLV FRPPRQ ODZ $QG OHWWHU Âś'Âˇ â&#x20AC;&#x153;I believe this is a common law right which the natives have and which the Canadian and Australian Courts have describe as native titles and particularly the judgement of Judson J in Calder case at p 156 where His Lordship said the rights and which rights include â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;... the rights to live on their land as their forefathers had lived and that right has not been lawfully H[WLQJXLVKHG Âˇ , ZRXOG DJUHH ZLWK WKLV UDWLR DQG UXOH LQ 0DOD\VLD WKH DERULJLQHVÂˇ FRPPRQ ODZ ULJKWV LQFOXGH LQWHU alia, the right to live on their land as their forefathers had lived and this would mean that even the future generations of the aboriginal people would be entitled to this right of their forefathers.â&#x20AC;? 6R WKH HVVHQWLDO SRLQW WKHUHIRUH LV DQG , FRQFOXGH RQ WKLV SRLQW WKDW LI \RX ORRN DW RXU &KDUWHU LI \RX ORRN DW RXU RZQ MXGJPHQW LI \RX ORRN DW WKH 1XUHPEHUJ MXGJPHQW HYHQ LI \RX ORRN DW LW QDUURZO\ IURP WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ ZH DUH DQG VKRXOG WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW DOO RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZV LQFOXGLQJ WUHDWLHV ZKLFK ZH KDYH QRW UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG 6R ZLWK UHVSHFW , VXEPLW WKDW WKH SUHOLPLQDU\ REMHFWLRQ UDLVHG E\ WKH GHIHQFH KDV QR PHULWV JHQHUDOO\ RU HYHQ RQ LWV RZQ WHUPV DQG , GR VXEPLW WKDW LW EH UHMHFWHG DQG ZH SURFHHG ZLWK the trial. Thank you.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

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7KH UXOLQJ RI WKH 7ULEXQDO LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW FDVH IRXQG %XVK DQG Blair guilty for crime against peace. The charge in this case LV VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F 7KDW WKH DFFXVHG SHUVRQV KDYH FRPPLWWHG FULPH RI WRUWXUH DQG ZDU FULPHV GLÍżHUHQW ZRUGV )LUVW WULDO FULPH DJDLQVW SHDFH ,W LV D GLÍżHUHQW VHW DQG , ZLOO JR GLUHFWO\ QRZ to Nuremberg. , DP VR JODG WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DFNQRZOHGJHV WKDW 1XUHPEHUJ ZDV Â´YLFWRUVÂˇ MXVWLFH Âľ , ZRXOG DFWXDOO\ JR IXUWKHU DQG VD\ 1XUHPEHUJ ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;victorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and victimsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; justiceâ&#x20AC;? as Nuremberg ZDV VHW XS E\ WKH YLFWRUV WKH 86 8. DQG 5XVVLD DV ZHOO DV )UDQFH WKH YLFWLP LQ :RUOG :DU ,, $OORZ PH WR UHIHU WR WKH UHSRUW RI WKH FRPPLVVLRQ LQ WULDO 1R DW SDJHV DQG , DP TXRWLQJ IURP SDJH WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO SDUDJUDSK WKDW ZDV VDLG E\ -XGJH 1LORXIHU EHIRUH VKH UHFXVHG KHUVHOI

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;In full view of international opinion at Nuremberg, the Allied powers, in an agreement drafted decided to try the leaders, including political and military, of the Axis powers. There were prosecutors in full military dress of the Allied powers addressing members of the Tribunal. And no issue of bias was raised. -XGJHV ZHUH DOO IURP WKH $OOLHG FRXQWULHV â&#x20AC;?

, VNLS WR SDJH QG SDUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;Therefore, what I would like to advance is the objectivity of this Tribunal. To establish that ZH DUH GLÍżHUHQW. Our 7ULEXQDO LV GLÍżHUHQW â&#x20AC;? , UHLWHUDWH SRLQWV QXPEHU DQG LQ P\ ZULWWHQ SUHOLPLQDU\ LVVXH ZLWK UHJDUG WR WKH 9LHQQD &RQYHQWLRQ ZKLFK SURYLGHV LI , PD\ WKH EDVHOLQH RI KRZ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ ZRUNV ZKLFK states that if a state does ratify , DP VLPSOLI\LQJ KHUH RI FRXUVH WKH WUHDW\ GRHV QRW ELQG. %\ DQDORJ\ , DOVR UHIHU WR Article 34(1) of the statute of the ICJ ZKLFK RQO\ VWDWHV

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Only states may be parties in cases before the Court.â&#x20AC;? UHDG WRJHWKHU ZLWK $UWLFOH 6WDWXWH RI WKH ,&- DJDLQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV JLYHV D FRQFOXVLRQ , VXEPLW WKDW RQO\ ZKHUH DOO SDUWLHV accept MXULVGLFWLRQ ZRXOG DQ International Tribunal have jurisdiction. I have received no instructions from the 8 accused DQG , EHOLHYH WKHUH KDYH EHHQ QR FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZKDWVRHYHU E\ WKH DFFXVHG ZLWK WKH 7ULEXQDO RU LWV 5HJLVWUDU I am mindful of the judgment of the Tribunal in case No. 1 on the point of in absentia ZKLFK FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH 7ULEXQDO reports at page 26 at the 2nd paragraph. I have only one thing to comment on this: Tribunals of law are created by law. If ZH ZHUH WR VD\ WKDW JRRG FRQVFLHQFH , DP VRUU\ DERXW WKLV

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

that good conscience means something LQ ODZ WKHQ , respectfully submit trial in absentia GRHV QRW VLW WRR ZHOO GRHV QRW VLW WRR FRPIRUWDEO\ ZLWK WKH QRWLRQ RI JRRG FRQVFLHQFH

There is nothing before this Tribunal to say that any of the 8 accused have agreed to accept the decision of this Tribunal as binding. 7KDW LV WKH H[WHQW RI P\ UHSO\ 7KDQN \RX <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): :H VKDOO KDYH D VKRUW DGMRXUQPHQW DQG ZH ZLOO FRPH EDFN after lunch. 15

***** 07 May 2012 - Session 2

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And this Tribunal seeks to exercise universal jurisdiction XQGHU FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DJDLQVW WKHVH GHIHQGDQWV

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

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Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

-XGHR &KULVWLDQ $PHULFDQ PDOHV DJDLQVW 0RVOHPV $UDEV $VLDQ RI FRORXU VLPSO\ EHFDXVH RI ZKR WKH\ DUH H[DFWO\ ZKDW WKH 1D]LV GLG WR WKH -HZV And we are asking you to convict them for the exact same reasons that Nuremberg convicted the Nazis. $W WKH KHDULQJ RI 1XUHPEHUJ 5REHUW -DFNVRQ - ZKR KDG VWHSSHG GRZQ IURP WKH 86 6XSUHPH &RXUW WR SURVHFXWH WKHVH GHIHQGDQWV VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;we are setting up one standard of behaviour to be applied not only to the Nazis defendants but also to ourselves,â&#x20AC;? and D JHQHUDWLRQ ODWHU WKDW LV ZKDW ZH DUH DVNLQJ \RX WKH MXGJHV of this Tribunal to do: To apply the exact same standards of LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WR WKHVH $PHULFDQ JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV WKDW WKH $PHULFDQV DSSOLHG WR WKH 1D]LV DW 1XUHPEHUJ 1R PRUH QR OHVV EXW H[DFWO\ WKH VDPH MXVW DV 5REHUW -DFNVRQ - VDLG VKRXOG be done in the future. And despite the contentions of the Defence Counsel this PRUQLQJ DOO RI WKH WUHDWLHV WKDW ZH DUH DVNLQJ \RX WR DSSO\ KDYH HLWKHU EHHQ UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG DFFHGHG WR RU VLJQHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW 7KHUH LV QRWKLQJ XQIDLU ZLWK KROGLQJ WKHVH LQGLYLGXDOV DFFRXQWDEOH WR WUHDWLHV WKDW ZHUH HLWKHU UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG RU VLJQHG RU RWKHUZLVH DFFHSWHG E\ WKHLU RZQ JRYHUQPHQW 7KLV LV H[DFWO\ ZKDW KDSSHQHG DW 1XUHPEHUJ ZKHQ WKH 1XUHPEHUJ Tribunal held the Nazi defendants accountable for violating the Calabrian Peace Pact of 1928 and the Hague Regulations of 1907 ERWK RI ZKLFK *HUPDQ\ ZDV D SDUW\ WR We are asking you to do the exact same thing here that the 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW GLG WR WKH 1D]LV DW 1XUHPEHUJ ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR WKHVH $PHULFDQ JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV $UWLFOH RI WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU VD\V TXLWH FOHDUO\ DQG RXU Ă&#x20AC;UVW DGYLVRU\ RSLQLRQ VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;leaders, organizers, instigators and accomplices participating in the formation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any persons in execution of any plan.â&#x20AC;? 7KDW LQFOXGHV DOO RI WKHVH GHIHQGDQWV HVSHFLDOO\ WKH ODZ\HUV DV ZHOO 7KH\ ZHUH DOO SDUW RI D FRQVSLUDF\ WR WRUWXUH WR YLRODWH WKH &RQYHQWLRQ DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH WR YLRODWH WKH *HQHYD

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

&RQYHQWLRQV RI DOO RI ZKLFK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW is a party to. Article 7 WKH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO SRVLWLRQ RI 'HIHQGDQWV ZKHWKHU DV +HDGV RI 6WDWH RU UHVSRQVLEOH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV LQ JRYHUQPHQW GHSDUWPHQW shall not be considered as freeing them from responsibility or PLWLJDWLQJ SXQLVKPHQW 7KDW DSSOLHV H[DFWO\ WKDW ODQJXDJH WR %XVK &KHQH\ 5XPVIHOG DQG DOO WKH ODZ\HUV LQYROYHG 7KH\ DOO NQHZ H[DFWO\ ZKDW WKH\ ZHUH GRLQJ ,QGHHG LI \RX UHDG WKH VXEPLVVLRQV E\ WKH 3URVHFXWLRQ WKH\ DGPLW WKH\ NQHZ WKH\ ZHUH WRUWXULQJ DQG WKH\ MXVW GLG QRW FDUH 7KHVH GHIHQGDQW WUHDWHG 0RVOHPV $UDEV $VLDQV RI FRORXU DV LI WKH\ ZHUH QRQ SHUVRQV RXWODZV EH\RQG WKH ODZ H[DFWO\ ZKDW WKH 1D]LV GLG WR WKH -HZV DJDLQ WKH VFDOH ZDV QRW WKH VDPH but the principles at stake are identical. $QG ILQDOO\ Article 8: The fact that the defendant acted pursuant to an order of his government or a superior shall not free him from responsibility. While the same applies to WKLV DUJXPHQW WKDW ZHOO â&#x20AC;&#x153;My lawyer told me I could do it. My lawyer told me I could torture.â&#x20AC;? Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preposterous. Advice RI FRXQVHO DV D GHIHQFH WR ZDU FULPHV WKDW LV UHMHFWHG DW WKH -XVWLFH SURVHFXWLRQ DW 1XUHPEHUJ DV ZHOO DV SRLQWHG RXW LQ our submissions. 7KHVH DUH VHULRXV FULPHV WKDW \RX ZLOO EH FRQVLGHULQJ KHUH IRU WKH QH[W ZHHN $QG WKHUH DUH SULQFLSOH WKDW DSSO\ GLUHFWO\ WR WKHVH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV :H DUH DVNLQJ \RX WR DSSO\ WKH VDPH VWDQGDUGV DQG ERGLHV DQG UXOHV RI ODZ WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW KDV FRQVLVWHQWO\ DSSOLHG VLQFH ZKHQ LW GUHZ XS WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU DQG XS WKURXJK DQG LQFOXGLQJ WRGD\

7KDQN \RX DQG , KDQG WKH SRGLXP RYHU WR P\ FROOHDJXH Professor Nijar.

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Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

ZLWQHVV WR WHVWLI\ LQ D VRUW RI DQ in cognito PDQQHU DQG , ZLOO explain the reasons for my request. +H OLYHV LQ ,UDT KHÂ·V JRLQJ EDFN WR ,UDT DQG KLV HYLGHQFH ZLOO VKRZ WKDW KH KDV EHHQ VXEMHFWHG WR WHUULEOH WUHDWPHQW E\ $PHULFDQV E\ WKH &RDOLWLRQ IRUFHV LQ FRQQLYDQFH ZLWK FHUWDLQ IRUFHV ZLWKLQ ,UDT LWVHOI +H IHDUV IRU UHSULVDOV 6R ZKDW ZH DUH DVNLQJ LV WKDW KH ZLOO DSSHDU KHUH EXW KH ZDQWV WR FRYHU KLV IDFH ZLWK D NLQG RI D VFDUI :HÂ·YH WULHG YDULRXV WKLQJV EXW LW LV RI FRXUVH VXEMHFW WR <RXU +RQRXUV UXOLQJ ZKHWKHU KH LV DOORZHG WR GR WKDW +H ZLOO EH DYDLODEOH KLV ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW ZLOO EH UHDG KH ZLOO EH DYDLODEOH IRU FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ EXW KH ZDQWV to be in cognito as far as this trial is concerned. It is an unusual UHTXHVW EXW WKLV LV DQ XQXVXDO VLWXDWLRQ

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 7R FRYHU KLV IDFH LV LW EHFDXVH RI KLV KHDOWK UHDVRQ" 2U EHFDXVH RI KLV DSSHDUDQFH" 2U ZKDW" Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1R LW LV HQWLUHO\ EHFDXVH RI VHFXULW\ UHDVRQV EHFDXVH KH KDV WR JR EDFN WR ,UDT DQG KH IHDUV UHSULVDOV 2QFH ZH KHDU KLV WHVWLPRQ\ \RX ZLOO NQRZ ZK\ KHÂ·V D YHU\ EUDYH PDQ WR FRPH DQG VD\ WKLV DQG JR EDFN

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\ WKH ZLWQHVV $EEDV $ELG SOHDVH EH FDOOHG WR WKH VWDQG Thank you. 40

Registrar Musa Ismail: %DLOLÍ¿ SOHDVH FDOO ZLWQHVV $EEDV $ELG

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Abbas Abid: Giving oath in Arabic

Abbas Abid: (Giving oath in Arabic)

Translator: , $EEDV $ELG KHUHE\ IDLWKIXOO\ WDNH RDWK DQG VZHDU WKDW DOO HYLGHQFH WKDW , VKDOO JLYH LQ WKH SURFHVV VKDOO EH WUXWK DQG QRWKLQJ EXW WKH ZKROH WUXWK Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0U $EEDV WKDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK IRU ZLOOLQJ WR WHVWLI\ LQ WKLV case.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): +DYH \RX PDUNHG WKLV GRFXPHQW"

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV WKH GRFXPHQW WKDW , KDYH KHUH LV D ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW ZKLFK , KDYH WHQGHUHG DQG PD\ WKLV EH PDUNHG DIWHU WKH signing.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): ,W ZLOO EH DV WKH H[KLELW WKHQ"

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1R WKLV ZLOO EH WKH ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW EHFDXVH XQGHU WKH 5XOHV WKH\ DUH UHTXLUHG WR JLYH HYLGHQFH LQ WKH IRUP RI D ZLWQHVV statement. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Document marked as P-1.

Registrar Musa Ismail: 0DUN WKLV GRFXPHQW DV 3 :LWQHVV 6WDWHPHQW $EEDV $ELG P-1. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX ,QWHUSUHWHU KDYH \RX JRW D FRS\"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: Yes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX &DQ \RX MXVW JR WKURXJK WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SDUDJUDSKV KLV DJH WKH IDFW WKDW KHÂˇV PDUULHG PDULWDO VWDWXV DQG ZKHUH KH QRZ OLYHV" &DQ \RX WUDQVODWH WKDW 1R DQG " Translator: <HV WKDW LV FRUUHFW

Gurdial Singh Nijar: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV SDUDJUDSK" Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV SDUDJUDSK DQG Gurdial Singh Nijar: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV SDUDJUDSK DQG DQG IRU WKH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W RI HYHU\ERG\ KHUH +H LV \HDUV ROG PDUULHG VRQV DQG D GDXJKWHU KH OLYHV LQ )DOOXMDK D FLW\ LQ ,UDT VXEMHFW RI FRQTXHVW by coalition forces. He is an electrical engineer and before his DUUHVW KH ZDV WKH FKLHI HQJLQHHU LQ WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI 6FLHQFH DQG Technology in Baghdad. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a very respected citizen.

<HV WHOO XV ZKHQ \RX ZHUH Ă&#x20AC;UVW GHWDLQHG LQ SDUDJUDSK Translator: +H ZDV Ă&#x20AC;UVW GHWDLQHG RQ $XJXVW WK DURXQG SP 30

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG FDQ KH VD\ ZKHUH KH ZDV GHWDLQHG LQLWLDOO\ DQG ODWHU paragraph 4. Translator: +H ZDV Ă&#x20AC;UVW GHWDLQHG IURP KLV KRXVH DQG DIWHU WKDW KH ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG LQWR D EDVH QHDUE\ WKDW ZDV FDOOHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Al-Muthanna.â&#x20AC;? +H ZDV GHWDLQHG WKHUH IRU ZHHNV DQG WKHQ DIWHU WKDW transferred to a secret prison called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Al-Jadiria shelter.â&#x20AC;?

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3DUDJUDSK FRXOG \RX SOHDVH UHDG WKDW WR KLP DQG JHW KLP to translate it.

Translator: ,Q %DJKGDG WKHUH XVHG WR EH VKHOWHUV WKDW ZHUH XVHG IRU DQ\ QXFOHDU DWWDFN 2QH RI WKH XVHG VKHOWHUV ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG LQWR D VHFUHW SULVRQ WKDW ZDV FDOOHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Al-Jadiria shelterâ&#x20AC;?.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: +H WROG XV HDUOLHU WKDW RQ WK $XJXVW DERXW SP WKHUH ZDV D UDLG RQ \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH 7KDW LV SDUDJUDSK 6. A combined force of American force and National Guard ODXQFKHG D UDLG RQ \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW"

Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV 20

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH VHFRQG VHQWHQFH FRXOG \RX WUDQVODWH WKDW IRU KLP" 7KH IRUFH FRQVLVWHG RI IRXU $PHULFDQ +XPYHHV Ă&#x20AC;OOHG ZLWK $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV DQG WZHOYH WUXFNV ORDGHG ZLWK ,UDTL soldiers.

Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV

Gurdial Singh Nijar: More than 15 American and Iraqi soldiers entered the house LQ D WHUULI\LQJ PDQQHU )LUVW FDQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKLV" Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV WKLV

Gurdial Singh Nijar: You said in a â&#x20AC;&#x153;terrifying mannerâ&#x20AC;? :KDW GR \RX PHDQ E\ WKDW" &DQ \RX FODULI\" 40

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: 7KH\ HQWHUHG WKH KRXVH E\ VPDVKLQJ GRZQ GRRUV DQG XVLQJ VRXQG ERPEV DQG WKH\ ZRXOG VFUHDP ORXGO\ WHUURUL]LQJ DOO WKRVH ZKR ZHUH LQVLGH WKH KRXVH

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG ZKR ZDV LQVLGH WKH KRXVH" Translator: His brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $W SDUDJUDSK \RX VDLG \RXU QHSKHZV FDPH WR \RXU KRXVH FU\LQJ IRU KHOS &DQ \RX WUDQVODWH WKDW" 15

Translator: +H FRQÃ&#x20AC;UPV WKDW VD\LQJ KLV EURWKHU ZDV DEVHQW DW WKDW WLPH VR KH ZDV FDOOHG E\ KLV QHSKHZ WR DGGUHVV WKH PDWWHU Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R \RX ZHQW WR \RXU EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH DQG ZHOFRPHG WKH VROGLHUV DQG LQWURGXFHG \RXUVHOI DV WKH &KLHI (QJLQHHU LQ WKH 0LQLVWU\ of Science and Technology.

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: And you told them that â&#x20AC;&#x153;my brother is not available for the WLPH EHLQJ DQG WKDW , DP UHDG\ WR DQVZHU DQ\ TXHVWLRQV"Âµ <RX ZHUH HQWLUHO\ FRRSHUDWLYH LV WKDW ULJKW"

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP 35

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ WROG PH WKDW WKH\Â·UH VHDUFKLQJ WKH KRXVH WKH &RPPDQGHU WXUQHG WR D WDEOH LQ WKH OLYLQJ URRP WKDW ZDV XVHG IRU VWXG\LQJ E\ P\ QHSKHZV 40

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ WKH\ EHJDQ WR VHDUFK WKH WDEOH DQG DVN ZK\ WKHUH ZHUH VR PDQ\ KRO\ ERRNV WRR PDQ\ KRO\ ERRNV WRR PDQ\ Qurans.

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: â&#x20AC;&#x153;I told him that everyone in the family has his own holy book. He then examined some papers on the table which were articles downloaded from the internet from various sites some referred to the violence LQ ,UDT WKH IXWXUH RI ,UDT DQG VRPH UHIHUUHG WR SROLWLFDO Ă&#x20AC;JXUHV OLNH Ahmed Al-Jalaby.â&#x20AC;?

Translator: 6R EDVLFDOO\ DV WKH *HQHUDO DVNHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why do you have so many holy books?â&#x20AC;? Mr. Abbas replied saying that each member of WKH KRXVHKROG RZQV WKHLU RZQ FRS\ RI WKH ERRN VR WKDW LV ZK\ WKHUH LV VR PDQ\ FRSLHV DQG DOVR WKH *HQHUDO GLVFRYHUHG VRPH DUWLFOHV RQ WKH WDEOH SOHQW\ IURP WKH LQWHUQHW UHJDUGLQJ SROLWLFDO HVVD\V RU UHJDUGLQJ VRPH SROLWLFDO Ă&#x20AC;JXUHV LQ ,UDT Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R KH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV SDUDJUDSK RI WKH ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3DUDJUDSK RQH RI WKH VROGLHUV ZKLVSHUHG VRPHWKLQJ WR KLV HDUV KH FDPH EDFN DQG DVN â&#x20AC;&#x153;What kind of a car is your brother driving?â&#x20AC;? \RX WROG KLP WKH QDPH RI WKH FDU LWÂˇV LQ WKH IDWKHUÂˇV JDUDJH WKHQ KH VDLG WKH\ ZHQW WR WKH IDWKHUÂˇV KRXVH 7KH\ VHDUFKHG IRXQG QRWKLQJ 7KHQ WKH\ WROG \RX WR IROORZ WKHP IRU TXHVWLRQLQJ &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP SDUDJUDSK DQG SOHDVH" Translator: +H VDLG \HV DQG KH OLNHV WR FODULI\ PRUH :KHQ WKH\ VHDUFK WKH FDU WKHUH ZDV DQRWKHU FDU WKDW EHORQJHG WR PH WKH\ VHDUFK WKDW DOVR WKH\ DVN â&#x20AC;&#x153;Whose car is it?â&#x20AC;? +H UHSOLHG Â´,WÂˇV PLQH.â&#x20AC;? 6R â&#x20AC;&#x153;We would like you to come with us so we could ask you further

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

questions.â&#x20AC;? 8VXDOO\ ZLWK HDFK GHWDLQHH WKH\ ZRXOG WDNH KLV FDU ZLWK WKHP Gurdial Singh Nijar: So they brought you to the AL-Muthanna Brigade Head4XDUWHUV IRU TXHVWLRQLQJ Âľ &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW"

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 10

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ FDQ \RX UHDG WKDW SDUW WR KLP VORZO\ 7KH LPSRUWDQW SDUW SDUDJUDSK DQG FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP ZLWK KLP" Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV Gurdial Singh Nijar: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV 7KLV LV ZKDW \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;They beat me up and demanded to know the names of â&#x20AC;&#x153;terroristsâ&#x20AC;? in my neighbourhood. I told them that I did not know any terrorists. But they did not believe and continued to beat me. They even electrocuted me.â&#x20AC;? :KDW GR \RX PHDQ E\ HOHFWURFXWHG +RZ GLG WKH\ GR WKDW"

Translator: %DVLFDOO\ KH ZDV FXÍżHG IURP WKH EDFN 7KH\ EURXJKW D FRUG ZLWK D SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH FKDUJH DQG WKH\ SODFHG HDFK RQH RQ KLV KDQGV RQH RQ OHIW DQG RQH RQ ULJKW DQG WKHQ DIWHU WKDW LW ZDV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH SRZHU VXSSO\

Gurdial Singh Nijar: -XVW WR JHW WKLV FRUUHFW <RX VKRZHG MXVW QRZ \RXU KDQGV ZHUH EHKLQG \RXU EDFN 6R WKH\ FRQQHFWHG ZLUHV WR \RXU Ă&#x20AC;QJHUV LV LW"

Translator: <HV RQH RQ WKH ULJKW DQG RQH RQ WKH OHIW Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ WKH\ SDVV HOHFWULF FXUUHQW WKURXJK WKH ZLUHV"

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Translator: 7KH ZLUH WKDW WKH\ XVH WKH FDEOH WKDW KDG DOUHDG\ FXUUHQW LQ LW 6R DV VRRQ DV WKH\ SODFHG WKH ZLUH KH IHOW WKH HOHFWULFDO shock.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: :KDW KDSSHQ WR \RX" +RZ GLG \RX UHDFW"

Translator: +H VDLG WKDW WKH SODFH WKDW KH ZDV LQ VHHPV WR EH QHZ DQG QRW I quote â&#x20AC;&#x153;a professional place for torturing.â&#x20AC;? It seemed to be just KDSSHQ ULJKW DZD\ VR WKH\ GLGQÂˇW KDYH DQ\ SURSHU HTXLSPHQW DV KH VDLG IRU WRUWXULQJ EXW UDWKHU MXVW WR SODFH WKH ZLUHV RQ KLV ERG\ ULJKW DZD\

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 2ND\ VR WKH\ KDYH SURSHU LQVWUXPHQWV IRU WRUWXULQJ WKDWÂˇV DQRWKHU WKLQJ ZH ZLOO JHW WR WKDW +RZ GLG \RX UHDFW WR WKDW" , PHDQ MXVW OHW XV NQRZ , KDYH QHYHU EHHQ HOHFWURFXWHG LQ P\ life and this is some terrible experience you are talking about. +RZ GLG \RX UHDFW ERGLO\" Translator: <RX ZRXOG WXUQ LQWR D dancer. You cannot react. All your senses ZRXOG VWRS DQG \RX ZRXOG MXVW VKDNH Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R \RX MXVW VKDNH ZLWK WKH FXUUHQW WKDW SDVVHV WKURXJK \RX"

Mr. Abbas Abid: IN ENGLISH Dancing. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 9LEUDWLQJ \HDK YLEUDWLQJ +RZ PDQ\ WLPHV GLG WKH\ GR WKLV"

Translator: More than 3 times.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQ \RX VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;They threaten to shoot me.â&#x20AC;?

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: $QG WKH\ ZRXOG WKUHDWHQ WKDW KH ZLOO H[SHULHQFH LW DJDLQ LI KH ZRXOG QRW FRRSHUDWH

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX VDLG LQ \RXU VWDWHPHQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;They threatened to shoot me.â&#x20AC;? &DQ \RX H[SODLQ WKDW"

Translator: 7KH\ ZRXOG XVH DQ $. 7KH\ ZRXOG UHORDG LW ZKLOH KH ZDV EOLQGIROGHG VR KH FRXOGQÂˇW VHH DQ\WKLQJ DQG WKH\ ZRXOG VKRRW D URXQG MXVW FORVH WR KLV HDUV DQG WKUHDWHQ WKDW WKH QH[W VKRW ZLOO JR VWUDLJKW WR KLV KHDG LI KH ZRXOGQÂˇW FRRSHUDWH 7R FODULI\ WKDW he heard the sound of an AK47 because it is a very common ZHDSRQ WKDW LV XVHG LQ ,UDT VR WKDW LV ZK\ E\ WKH VRXQG RI WKH UHORDGLQJ KH FRXOG GHWHUPLQH WKDW WKH ZHDSRQ ZDV LQ IDFW that an AK47. Gurdial Singh Nijar: Then you said â&#x20AC;&#x153;The American army personnel in uniform took part in the torture.â&#x20AC;? <RX VDZ WKHP" 6DZ $PHULFDQV LQ PLOLWDU\ LQ XQLIRUPV ZHDULQJ $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ XQLIRUP" Translator: 7KHUH ZDV D IDXOW ZKHQ WKH\ EOLQGIROGHG KLV H\HV WKHUH ZDV MXVW VRPH VSDFH EHQHDWK WKH H\H VR KH FRXOG VHH WKH ERWWRP SDUW RI WKH IHHW DQG DOVR WKH ERRWV WKDW ZHUH XVHG DQG KH FRXOG UHFRJQL]H WKH DWWLUH RI $PHULFDQ WURRSV %HVLGHV WKDW KH FRXOG KHDU ZKDW WKH\ ZHUH VSHDNLQJ FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPLQJ WKHLU QDWLRQDOLW\ EHLQJ $PHULFDQV $QG DIWHU WKH WRUWXUH VHVVLRQ ZDV RYHU WKH\ ZRXOG WDNH RÍż WKH IROG DQG WKHQ KH ZRXOG VHH WKDW WKH WURRSV DUH LQ IDFW $PHULFDQV $QG ZH ZRXOG DOVR DGGUHVV WKHP WDON WR WKHP DQG WKH\ ZRXOG UHSO\ Gurdial Singh Nijar: &DQ \RX UHDG SDUDJUDSK DQG JHW LW FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG SOHDVH"

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 40

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3DUDJUDSK DQG "

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV WKH QDPHV RI WKH GHWDLQHHV ZLWK KLP WKDW ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG ZLWK KLP WR Â´Al-Jadiriaâ&#x20AC;? prison.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3DUDJUDSK "

Translator: +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV DOO RI WKH SRLQWV VWDWHG LQ SDUDJUDSK IURP D to (i). Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV MXVW WR TXLFNO\ VXPPDUL]H 6R WKH\ WRUWXUHG VRPH RI \RXU FRXVLQV WR JHW WHVWLPRQ\ DJDLQVW \RX DQG WKHQ WKH\ GHWDLQHG \RX DW WKDW VDPH SULVRQ WKDW VHFUHW SULVRQ IRU ZHHNV DQG then they transferred you to this â&#x20AC;&#x153;Al-Jadiriaâ&#x20AC;? prison together ZLWK RWKHU GHWDLQHHV DQG WKHUH LQ Â´Al-JadiriaÂľ KH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG MXVW QRZ DW SDUDJUDSK , ZDQW WR JR WKURXJK YHU\ TXLFNO\ VR WKDW RWKHUV ZRXOG XQGHUVWDQG LW 7KHUH DJDLQ KH ZDV WRUWXUHG ZLWK D ZLGH ranging array and selection of very cruel treatments. Let me MXVW UH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP LW (OHFWULF VKRFNV WR YDULRXV SDUWV RI \RXU ERG\ HVSHFLDOO\ \RXU SHQLV <RX KDYH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG WKDW ULJKW"

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: +LWWLQJ ZLWK WRROV WKLFN FXGJHOV FDEOHV PHWDO SLSHV PHWDO ULEERQV IRUFHG \RX WR GULQN D ORW RI ZDWHU PL[ LW ZLWK D GLXUHWLF VROXWLRQ VR WKDW \RX JDYH WR JR WR WKH WRLOHW HDFK WLPH DQG WKHQ W\LQJ \RXU SHQLV ZLWK D UXEEHU EDQG VR WKDW WKHQ \RX ZLOO EH SUHYHQWHG IURP XULQDWLQJ DV \RX KDYH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

7KHQ WKH\ KXQJ \RX WR WKH ZDOO ZKLOH KDQJLQJ ZHLJKWV IURP \RXU SHQLV IRU ORQJ KRXUV WKUHDWHQHG WR VH[XDOO\ DVVDXOW \RX PHVV DURXQG ZLWK \RXU VH[XDO RUJDQV DQG WKHQ WKH\ VWDUWHG VKRRWLQJ OLYH EXOOHWV DURXQG QHDU DERYH \RXU KHDG YDULRXV parts of the body.

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

7KHQ WKH\ EURXJKW \RXU ZLIH \RXU PRWKHU WR WKH SULVRQ DQG WKH\ WROG \RX WKH\ ZDQW WR VH[XDOO\ DEXVH \RXU ZLIH DQG \RXU PRWKHU $QG GXULQJ WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ SHULRG WKH\ JDYH \RX QR IRRG QR GULQN H[FHSW ZDWHU ZKLFK WKH\ PL[HG ZLWK WKLV diuretic solution to make you pee very often and prevented \RX IURP SHHLQJ 7KHQ WKH\ WRRN RXW IRUFHIXOO\ H[WUDFWHG \RXU Ã&#x20AC;QJHU QDLOV +RZ GLG WKH\ GR WKDW" :KDW LQVWUXPHQW GLG WKH\ XVH"

Translator: 7KH\ XVH SOLHUV WR GR WKDW 7KH\ XVH SOLHUV WR H[WUDFW WKH Ã&#x20AC;QJHU nails.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: &DQ \RX MXVW VKRZ WKH MXGJHV WKRVH SDUWV WKDW KDYH QRZ JURZQ EDFN" -XVW IURP ZKHUH \RX DUH

>:LWQHVV VKRZV WR WKH 7ULEXQDO IURP WKH ZLWQHVV ER[ KLV Ã&#x20AC;QJHUV @ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH\ WKHQ KXQJ \RX IURP WKH ZDOO IRU ORQJ KRXUV DQG you fainted. And you describe the hanging method - by KDQGFXÎ&#x20AC;QJ P\ KDQGV WR WKH EDFN DQG WKHQ KDQJ PH XS IURP WKH KDQGFXÍ¿ KDQGV XQWLO P\ VKRXOGHU JRW GLVORFDWHG &DQ \RX MXVW GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW"

Translator: 'R \RX OLNH KLP WR GHPRQVWUDWH" Gurdial Singh Nijar: -XVW GHPRQVWUDWH <HV MXVW GHPRQVWUDWH ZKDW \RX PHDQ E\ Â´KDQJLQJ PHWKRG IURP KDQGFXÎ&#x20AC;QJ P\ KDQG WKH EDFN DQG VR RQ Âµ Translator: +H VD\V WKDW KLV PRWKHU DQG ZLIH ZHUHQÂ·W DFWXDOO\ SUHVHQW there but they threatened to bring them to the prison. But they ZHUHQÂ·W EURXJKW WR WKH SULVRQ Gurdial Singh Nijar: , VHH :H ZLOO UHFWLI\ WKH UHFRUG DFFRUGLQJO\ 7KLV KDQJLQJ IURP WKH ZDOO IRU ORQJ KRXUV XQWLO \RX IDLQWHG DQG GLVORFDWHG FDQ \RX GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW"

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

[Abbas demonstrates.] Translator: 7KH\ ZRXOG FXͿ KLP WKLV SRVLWLRQ 7ZR VROGLHUV ZRXOG SLFN KLP XS DQG SXW KLP RQ D FKDLU 7KH\ ZRXOG DWWDFK D FKDLQ WR WKH KDQGFXͿV ZKLFK DUH DWWDFKHG WR WKH DUPV WR KLV KDQGV DQG WKHUH ZDV D KRRN LQ WKH FHLOLQJ RI WKH URRP DQG WKHQ WKH\ ZRXOG DWWDFK WKH FKDLQ WR WKH KRRN DQG WKHQ WKH\ ZRXOG SXOO WKH FKDLQ GRZQ EULQJLQJ KLP XS WR WKH FHLOLQJ +H ZRXOG VWD\ KDQJLQJ WKHUH $QG DURXQG PH WKHUH ZHUH PRUH WKDQ SHUVRQV HDFK SHUVRQ ZDV FDUU\LQJ D WRRO IRU WRUWXUH OLNH D PHWDO SDUW RU ZRRG PD\EH VWLFNV VRPH FDEOHV VRPH PHWDO FKDLQV VRPH UXEEHU FDEOHV DQG HDFK RI WKHVH ZHUH DFWLYHO\ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ WKH WRUWXUH RI $EEDV DQG WKH\ ZRXOG KLW KLP LQ HYHU\ SDUW RI KLV ERG\ DQG WKH\ ZRXOG FRQFHQWUDWH RQ KLV SHQLV DQG GXULQJ WKLV SURFHVV WKH\ ZRXOG WKUHDWHQ WR WDNH RͿ KLV XQGHUZHDU DQG DVVDXOW KLP VH[XDOO\ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX &DQ \RX WUDQVODWH SDUDJUDSK IRU KLP" Translator: &RQÀUP

[Abbas explains to the translator further details on paragraph 16.] Translator: +H GHVFULEHG WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH XVHG DV DQ DVKWUD\ E\ WKRVH ZKR DUH WRUWXULQJ WKHP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX KDYH MXVW FRQÀUPHG WKDW RWKHU GHWDLQHHV VXͿHUHG IURP WKH IROORZLQJ WRUWXUHV IRUFLQJ WKH GHWDLQHHV WR KDYH VH[ ZLWK RWKHU LQPDWHV WKHLU ERGLHV EHLQJ GULOOHG ZLWK D ´Black & Deckerµ GULOO FXWWLQJ SLHFHV RI ÁHVK IURP WKH ERG\ ZLWK D JULQGLQJ PDFKLQH EXUQLQJ YDULRXV SDUWV RI WKH ERGLHV ZLWK FLJDUHWWH DQG PHOWHG Q\ORQ LQVHUWLQJ VROLG REMHFWV LQ WKH UHFWXP ZLWK ZRRGHQ VWLFNV SLSHV DQG D YDFXXP FOHDQHU KRVH SLSH DQG PDGH WR VWDQG IRU ORQJ KRXUV +H·V MXVW FRQÀUPHG that. &DQ \RX DOVR DVN KLP WR FRQÀUP SDUDJUDSK DQG SOHDVH

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: +H FRQÃ&#x20AC;UPV SRLQW DQG VWDWLQJ WKDW XQWLO QRZ KH VWLOO GRHV QRW NQRZ ZKDW KH KDV VLJQHG +H FRQÃ&#x20AC;UPV SRLQW

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3RLQW LQ D URRP IHHW E\ IHHW VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH VSDFH KHUH EHWZHHQ WKLV WDEOH DQG WKDW DQG D OLWWOH KHUH LQ WKLV VPDOO FRUULGRU URRP \RX ZHUH WKHUH ZLWK RWKHU GHWDLQHHV IRU GD\V" $UH \RX VD\LQJ WKDW"

Translator: <HV FRQÃ&#x20AC;UP )RU GD\V Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R KRZ GLG \RX VOHHS RU GHIHFDWH" Translator: +H VDLG WKDW WKLV URRP WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW RQH ZDV MXVW D WHPSRUDU\ URRP ZKHUH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH EURXJKW DIWHU EHLQJ WRUWXUHG :KHQ WKH GHWDLQHHV DUH EURXJKW LQWR WKH URRP WKH\ DUH XQFRQVFLRXV ,W ZDV MXVW SLOHV RI ERGLHV WKDW ZRXOG OD\ WKHUH +H GRHVQÂ·W UHFDOO PXFK RI WKH H[SHULHQFH +H ZRXOG ZDNH XS IRU PD\EH RU PLQXWHV HYHU\ IHZ KRXUV DQG WKHQ KH ZRXOG IDLQW DJDLQ +H VDLG WKDW NQHZ ZKDW KH NQRZV QRZ after OHDYLQJ WKDW URRP DIWHU PHHWLQJ ZLWK RWKHU GHWDLQHHV DQG WKH\ WHOOLQJ KLP that ZKHUH KH ZDV +HÂ·V VD\LQJ WKDW most of the time that he spent there he was unconscious. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ KH ZDV PRYHG WR DQRWKHU ELJJHU URRP P E\ P EXW WKHQ WKH\ SXW GHWDLQHHV WKHUH DQG ODWHU GHWDLQHHV LQ WKLV URRP ,V WKDW FRUUHFW"

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Can you translate: They put the bag over your head for over 2 PRQWKV DQG RQO\ UHPRYHG LW ZKHQ KH ZDV JLYHQ IRRG" 7KDWÂ·V LQ WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW VHQWHQFH

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG VRPH SULVRQHUV ZLOO KDYH D EDJ RYHU WKHLU KHDG IRU RYHU PRQWKV" Translator: $OO WKH WLPH WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH WKHUH DW WKDW SULVRQ WKH\ ZRXOG EH EOLQGIROGHG RU FRYHUHG ZLWK D EDJ RYHU WKHLU KHDGV )URP WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW PRPHQW WKH\ HQWHUHG WKH SULVRQ XQWLO WKH\ OHIW WKH\ ZHUH DOZD\V EOLQGIROGHG RU FRYHUHG ZLWK D EDJ 6R WKDW LV ZK\ WKH SHUVRQV WKDW KDG WKH FRYHU RYHU WKHLU KHDG IRU PRQWKV ZHUH DFWXDOO\ WKHUH EHIRUH KH ZDV DQG IRU DOO RI KLV VWD\ WKHUH IRU DERXW PRQWKV KH ZDV FRYHUHG ZLWK D SODVWLF bag. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ DW >SDUDJUDSK @ D â&#x20AC;&#x153;There was not enough room for everybody, so the detainees were sitting and sleeping over each other DQG PRVW RI WKHP VXÍżHUHG IURP EXUQV IULFWLRQV DQG VHYHUH ZRXQGV some of them were infected with contagious diseases like TB and scabies.â&#x20AC;? &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: (YHU\ERG\ KDG WR XULQDWH LQ SODVWLF ERWWOHV SODFHG QHDU WKH GRRU 9LVLWV WR WKH WRLOHW ZHUH PDGH RQFH HYHU\ GD\V RQO\ &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG DW >SDUDJUDSK @ F \RX VD\ LQ \RXU VWDWHPHQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;We were separated in groups of 15 detainees. A detainee is allowed only 1 minute in the WC (toilet), and then he had to leave to let another one in. On any other occasion during the 4-days interval, we had to discharge our waste in the plastic bags given to us and right in front of everybody. These bags were used to bring food and we kept

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

them for this purpose. These toilet bags were placed near the plastic bottles at the door. Because it is so crowded, the bottles and bags got knocked over and the waste would be spread all over the room. Those bottles and bags were emptied once every four days when we went to the WC. Whenever we went to the WC and on our return, we would be beaten by the guards.â&#x20AC;? &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW"

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 10

Gurdial Singh Nijar: &DQ \RX WUDQVODWH LWHPV G DQG H DOVR" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,WHP I â&#x20AC;&#x153;No medical care was available at all, and detainees were left to die from their injuries caused by torture. While I was at the prison, the following detainees died, namely, Alaa Khareeb Hassan, Mohammed Khadim, Husham Abbas, Omar Ali Mohammed, Khalid Younis Muhseen, Ali Farhan Mohamed, Waheed Mahmoud Abdullah, and Haitham Radhi.â&#x20AC;? &DQ \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKLV" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 3DUDJUDSK Â´(DFK JURXS RI Ă&#x20AC;YH GHWDLQHHV ZDV JLYHQ D OLWUH ERWWOH of water once every 2 to 3 days. When thirst become unbearable, some of the detainees drunk from the urine bottles in the room.â&#x20AC;?

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 35

Gurdial Singh Nijar: &DQ \RX WUDQVODWH DQG SOHDVH" Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R ZKDW \RX VD\ LQ LV WKDW WKH\ GHQLHG NQRZLQJ DERXW WKH WRUWXUHV $PHULFDQ WURRSV YLVLWHG \RX DOO WKH WLPH WKDWÂˇV ZKDW \RXÂˇUH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPLQJ LVQÂˇW LW" $PHULFDQ WURRSV NQHZ RI WKH IDFW of these prisons and these tortures. Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: And then on 5th 6HSWHPEHU \RX ZHUH EURXJKW WR D FRXUW the judge there said you should be set free because there is QR HYLGHQFH DW DOO DJDLQVW \RX 7KDWÂˇV ZKDW \RX VD\ LQ &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP"

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,W ZDV th 6HSWHPEHU EXW \RX ZHUH RQO\ UHOHDVHG IURP WKH prison on 2nd 2FWREHU DV \RX VD\ LQ SDUDJUDSK DQG WKLV LV EHFDXVH \RX VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;I had to pay US$10,000 to the authorities in charge of the prison under the Ministry of Justice before I could be released.â&#x20AC;? $QG \RX ZHUH UHOHDVHG DERXW PRQWK ODWHU ,V WKDW ULJKW" Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG \RX ZHUH UHOHDVHG WRJHWKHU ZLWK RWKHU GHWDLQHHV LQ \RXU FDVH DW WKH SULVRQ JDWH \RXU EURWKHU ZDV ZDLWLQJ IRU \RX LQ KLV FDU DQG KH KDG WR KLUH D JURXS RI SROLFH RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV to secure you and ensure that you reached home safely. You DVNHG WKH RWKHU ZKR ZHUH UHOHDVHG ZLWK \RX WR FRPH EXW WKH\ UHIXVHG FDUV IROORZHG \RX D %0: DQG D 7R\RWD &URZQH ERWK ZLWK EODFN ZLQGRZV EXW \RX PDQDJHG WR HYDGH them. Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKRVH RWKHU GHWDLQHHV ZKR GLG QRW JR ZLWK \RX â&#x20AC;&#x153;later I found out that they who were released with me were killed and buried at Al-Najaf cemetery, and their parents had to pay huge sums of money to reclaim their bodies for re-burial in Baghdad.â&#x20AC;? &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP"

Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG Gurdial Singh Nijar: , VWD\HG IRU DERXW DQ KRXU LQ P\ KRXVH DQG WKHQ PRYHG WR DQRWKHU KRXVH WR VWD\ IRU D IHZ GD\V DQG WKHQ , OHIW P\ EHORYHG country.

Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ \RXÂˇUH EDFN LQ )DOOXMDK DV \RX VDLG HDUOLHU RQ" 20

Translator: Yes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: , FRQVLGHU P\ VXÍżHULQJ DV D WHVW IURP *RG ZKLFK ,ÂˇYH HQGXUHG ZLWK SDWLHQFH , VWLOO KDYH SDLQ LQ P\ VKRXOGHU DQG DUPV , DP unable to have children. Translator: Yes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: The 2nd ODVW SDUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;I have nightmares all the time. I have terrible dreams of someone coming to capture me, sometimes to kill me, sometimes to harm my family, or being tortured all over again. I thought the nightmares will go away but they keep coming back. My family also has similar nightmares, soldiers capturing me, torturing me, harming me.â&#x20AC;? Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Gurdial Singh Nijar: And your last statement ... Abbas Abid: ([FXVH PH >DGGV D VWDWHPHQW@ Translator: :KHQ KH JRW PDUULHG KH ZLVKHG WR KDYH NLGV $QG DFFRUGLQJ WR SODQ KH DQG KLV ZLIH ZRXOG FRQFHLYH HYHU\ \HDUV IURP WKHLU PDUULDJH VR WKH\ ZHUH RQ WKH ULJKW WUDFN 8QWLO WKH WLPH WKDW KH ZDV GHWDLQHG DQG KH ZDV YHU\ KDSS\ WR EH UHOHDVHG DQG KH ZDV RYHUZKHOPHG E\ MR\ RI WKH ORYHG RQHV VXUURXQGLQJ KLP E\ KLV UHOHDVH EXW WKH ZRUVW WKLQJ WKDW happened that made him lose all of his joy is the fact that he OHIW KLV ZLIH SUHJQDQW DW WKH WLPH RI KLV FDSWXUH DQG WKDW VKH DFWXDOO\ ORVW WKH WZLQV WKDW VKH ZDV SUHJQDQW ZLWK DQG DIWHU JRLQJ EDFN WR KLV SUHYLRXV OLIH KH UHDOLVHG WKDW KLV GUHDP ZDV shattered. Abbas Abid: No more child.

Translator: He cannot have anymore children after the torture that took part on his body.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,Q \RXU ODVW SDUDJUDSK Â´,ÂˇP JLYLQJ HYLGHQFH WR WHOO WKH ZRUOG WKDW WKRVH ZKR DUH FUXHO DQG LQĂ LFW KDUP RQ RWKHU KXPDQ EHLQJV VKRXOG be brought to justice.â&#x20AC;? Translator: <HV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV WKLV LV WKH VWDWHPHQW DV FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG DQG VXEMHFW WR WKH OLWWOH FKDQJH , SURSRVH WKDW WKLV EH GDWHG DQG EH VLJQHG E\ WKH ZLWQHVV LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI <RXU +RQRXUV

>$EEDV $ELG VLJQV WKH ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW @

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX +RQRXUV , RÍ¿HU WKH ZLWQHVV IRU FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ E\ WKH Amicus.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): +RZ ORQJ ZLOO \RX WDNH"

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'XH WR WKH H[WHQVLYH WHVWLPRQ\ WKDW KDV EHHQ JLYHQ FURVV P\ TXHVWLRQV , ZRXOGQÂ·W FDOO WKHP FURVV EHFDXVH , DP $PLFXV LQ WKHVH SURFHHGLQJV PD\ , VXJJHVW WKH\ EH WDNHQ DIWHU OXQFK" 7KH\ ZLOO EH TXLWH ORQJ 7KDQN \RX Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV MXVW EHIRUH WKHQ WKHUH ZDV D IRUPDO RSHQLQJ DGGUHVV P\ /HDUQHG FROOHDJXH DGGUHVVHG VR ZHOO DQG ZH ZDQW WR HQWHU WKLV ZULWWHQ RSHQLQJ DGGUHVV DV SDUW RI WKH UHFRUG DQG , ZLOO PDNH LW DYDLODEOH WKURXJK WKH 5HJLVWUDU WR WKH &RXUW ZLWK your leave. Thank you.

Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

***** 07 May 2012 - Session 3 Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0D\ LW SOHDVH WKH 7ULEXQDO 0U $EEDV JRRG DIWHUQRRQ :H KDYH KHDUG \RXU WHVWLPRQ\ WKLV PRUQLQJ DQG ZKDW , ZRXOG OLNH WR GR QRZ DV D IULHQG RI WKH &RXUW LV WR DVN \RX D IHZ IXUWKHU TXHVWLRQV WR FODULI\ D IHZ WKLQJV WKDW PD\ KDYH EHHQ TXLWH XQFOHDU ,I \RX DUH QRW VXUH RI P\ TXHVWLRQ RU LI \RX ZLVK PH WR UHSHDW SOHDVH LQGLFDWH VR ,V WKDW DOULJKW" Translator: He says it is important to him that you be a friend rather than a foe.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Jason Kay Kit Leon: , DP D IULHQG RI WKH &RXUW DQG WKDW LV P\ IRUPDO GHVLJQDWLRQ :H VKDOO VWDUW RÍ¿ ZLWK VRPH JHQHUDO TXHVWLRQV , SUD\ WKH &RXUW IRU VRPH OHHZD\ MXVW IRU WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW IHZ TXHVWLRQV

0U $EEDV \RX DUH PDUULHG QRZ DQG \RX KDYH FKLOGUHQ" $QG \RX VDLG \RX ZDQW

Abbas Abid: Yes. I hoped so. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG XQIRUWXQDWHO\ WKDW LV QRW VR $QG VRPH ZRXOG VD\ KDYLQJ FKLOGUHQ \RX DUH YHU\ IRUWXQDWH DOVR

Translator: (DFK PDQ GHVLUHV ZKDW KH OLNHV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ ROG DUH \RXU FKLOGUHQ" Translator: DQG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KHQ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ DW WKH WLPH \RX ZHUH VWD\LQJ LQ \RXU RZQ KRXVH :DV LW LQ WKH FLW\ RI %DJKGDG RU )DOOXMDK" Translator: ,Q $EX *KUDLE LW LV D GLVWULFW EHWZHHQ %DJKGDG DQG )DOOXMDK Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG \RX ZHUH ERUQ LQ )DOOXMDK RU VRPHZKHUH HOVH"

Translator: Also in Abu Ghraib. Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ZHUH VD\LQJ WKDW RQ WKH QLJKW \RX ZHUH FDSWXUHG \RXU EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH ZDV QHDUE\ +RZ IDU ZDV WKH EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: 1HLJKERXU GRRU WR GRRU Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG ZKDW W\SH RI D KRXVH ZDV LW"

Translator: ,W ZDV PDGH RXW RI EULFN Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ PDQ\ URRPV LQ \RXU KRXVH"

Abbas Abid: , OLYLQJ ZLWK P\ IDWKHU 15

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ PDQ\ URRPV ZHUH LQ \RXU KRXVH" Translator: +LV IDWKHU ZDV OLYLQJ GRZQVWDLUV LQ WKH JURXQG OHYHO KH DQG KLV EURWKHU ZHUH OLYLQJ RQ WKH VHFRQG Ă RRU

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R \RX ZHUH OLYLQJ WKHUH ZLWK \RXU ZLIH DQG FKLOGUHQ 25

Translator: +LV RWKHU EURWKHU QRW WKH RQH ZKR ZDV LQ WKH RWKHU D WKLUG brother. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R KH ZDV OLYLQJ RQH EURWKHU DQG WKH EURWKHU ZKRVH KRXVH ZDV DWWDFNHG ZDV Translator: There are four siblings. One of his brother is living in a house FORVH E\ DQG WKH RWKHU DUH OLYLQJ ZLWK WKHLU IDWKHU Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R \RX DQG \RXU WZR RWKHU EURWKHUV OLYLQJ ZLWK \RXU IDWKHU LQ RQH KRXVH" 6R \RX \RXU ZLIH \RXU Ă&#x20AC;YH FKLOGUHQ VR WKDWÂˇV seven people.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): &RXQVHO , GRQÂˇW ZDQW WR GLVWXUE \RX XQQHFHVVDULO\ EXW , WKLQN you go direct to the point.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $OULJKW , ZLOO WU\ +RZ PDQ\ SHRSOH ZHUH VWD\LQJ LQ \RXU KRXVH"

Abbas Abid: 0\ IDPLO\ SHUVRQV 7KH RWKHU EURWKHU SHUVRQV $QRWKHU EURWKHU SHUVRQV DQG P\ IDWKHU DQG PRWKHU Jason Kay Kit Leon: So about 15 persons in the house. Big family.

Abbas Abid: <HV %LJ IDPLO\ , ZLVK LW PRUH WKDQ WKDW

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0U $EEDV \RX DUH 0XVOLP" Abbas Abid: Insya Allah.

Translator: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a â&#x20AC;&#x153;yes.â&#x20AC;? Jason Kay Kit Leon: $UH \RX IURP WKH 6XQQL VFKRRO RU WKH 6\LDK VFKRRO PD\ , DVN"

Abbas Abid: Sunni ... [Abbas adds]

Translator: +H VDLG WKLV TXHVWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ EHLQJ D 6XQQL RU 6\LDK ZDV only started to be asked here and maybe in the other parts in WKH ZRUOG RQO\ DIWHU WKH ZDU Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV , GRQÂˇW ZDQW WR GLVWXUE KLV OLQH RI FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ EXW , WKLQN ZH DUH VWUD\LQJ LQWR DUHDV ZKLFK DUH

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

WRWDOO\ DOLHQ WR WKH ZKROH WKLQJ +HUHÂˇV TXHVWLRQ RI WRUWXUH QRZ ZH DUH JRLQJ LQWR SURĂ&#x20AC;OLQJ KHÂˇV 0XVOLP QRW 0XVOLP VR , ZRXOG OLNH WR XUJH WKDW SHUKDSV ZH VKRXOG QRW JHW WR WKLV DUHD DV WKH ZLWQHVV KDV VDLG WKLV LV VRPHWKLQJ WKDW ZDV LPSRVHG DIWHU WKH WKLQJ QRW WU\LQJ WR SURĂ&#x20AC;OH SHRSOH 0XVOLP QRW 0XVOLP 6XQQL QRW 6XQQL , WKLQN ZH VKRXOG UHDOO\ JR WR WKH WKUXVW RI WKH PDWWHU ZKLFK LV ZKHWKHU RU QRW WKHUH ZHUH WKHVH LQĂ LFWLRQV of these torturous acts on them. Thank you.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Co-counsel for the prosecution brought up the issue this PRUQLQJ LQ VXEPLVVLRQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Christian-Judeo,Âľ DQG , ZDV MXVW WU\LQJ to establish ...

0U $EEDV \RX ZHUH DQ (QJLQHHU LQ $EX *KUDLE )URP ZKLFK 8QLYHUVLW\ GLG \RX JUDGXDWH"

Translator: Rasheed University in Baghdad. 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,Q ZKDW \HDU" Translator: 1988.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG WKHUHDIWHU ZKHUH GLG \RX ZRUN" Translator: Government post.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX FRQWLQXHG LQ \RXU *RYHUQPHQW SRVW XQWLO WKH ZDU" 35

Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R \RX ZRUNHG ZLWK WKH JRYHUQPHQW RI ,UDT DW WKH 6FLHQFH DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 0LQLVWU\ IURP XQWLO ZKDW \HDU GLG \RX FHDVH WR EH DQ (QJLQHHU"

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Abbas Abid: From 1988 to 2003. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH JRYHUQPHQW RI ,UDT DW WKLV SRLQW IURP WR ZDV KHDGHG E\ RQH 6DGGDP +XVVHLQ \HV" Translator: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: , UHIHU WR SDJH RI \RXU ZLWQHVV VWDWHPHQW ZKHQ \RX VDLG WKDW on the evening of 28th RI $XJXVW WKH $PHULFDQ IRUFHV DQG National Guards came and entered the house in terrifying PDQQHU $W WKLV WLPH \RX ZHUH RI FRXUVH WKH\ HQWHUHG \RXU EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH WKDW ZDV QH[W WR \RX 6R \RX ZHUH DW \RXU KRXVH"

Translator: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R \RX RQO\ NQHZ KRZ WKH\ HQWHUHG WKH KRXVH IURP ZKDW \RXU QHSKHZ WROG \RX <RXU QHSKHZ ZDV LQ \RXU EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH \HV" Translator: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R ZKHWKHU WKH\ FDPH LQ D WHUULI\LQJ PDQQHU ZKHWKHU WKH\ VFUHDPHG DQG VPDVKHG DQG WKHUH ZHUH VRXQG ERPEV LW ZDV what your nephew told you"

Translator: 7KH VRXQGV RI WKH ERPEV WKDW WKH\ XVHG ZHUH KHDUG IURP ZKHUH KH ZDV VWD\LQJ DQG KH VDLG WKDW KLV QHSKHZ KDYH WROG KLP WKDW the forces have smashed the doors and ...

Jason Kay Kit Leon: %XW KH GLG QRW VHH WKH IRUFHV VPDVK WKH GRRUV GRZQ"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: +H GLGQÂ·W VHH WKH DFW RI VPDVKLQJ EHFDXVH KH ZDV LQVLGH Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KDQN \RX %HFDXVH LW GLGQÂ·W PDNH PXFK VHQVH , ZDV TXLWH confused.

Translator: +H VDLG WKDW KLV QHSKHZ KDV QR UHDVRQ WR WHOO DQ\WKLQJ EXW the truth.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: So the forces came and smashed into his brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house. They VPDVK GRZQ WKH GRRU WKH\ VPDVKHG GRZQ WKH ZLQGRZ ZKDW HOVH GLG WKH\ GR"

Translator: 7KH PDLQ GRRU WKH PDLQ JDWH DQG D ORW RI ZLQGRZV DQG VRPH RI WKH LQWHULRUV OLNH WDEOHV DQG FKDLUV DQG VR 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KHQ KH ZHQW WKHUH WKH\ KROGLQJ JXQV , DVVXPH" :HUH WKH\ KROGLQJ JXQV ZKHQ KH ZHQW WR KLV EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH" Translator: Of course. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R KLV QHSKHZ FDPH DQG KH WROG KLP WKH IRUFHV FDPH DQG VPDVKHG GRZQ WKH KRXVH RI FRXUVH WKH QHSKHZ ZDV LQ DQ DJLWDWHG VWDWH VFDUHG \HV"

Translator: Of course. 35

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ ROG ZDV KLV QHSKHZ" Translator: +H ZDV ERUQ LQ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R LQ KH ZDV " $QG \RX ZHQW WR \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH DQG welcomed the VROGLHUV DIWHU WKH\ GLG WKLV" Translator: ,W LV QRW D ZHOFRPH LQ WKDW PDQQHU ,W LV MXVW WKDW ZH ZHUH trying ...

Abbas Abid: 7R GHDO ZLWK WKHP

Translator: 7U\ WR GHDO ZLWK WKHP LQ D PRUH SDFLI\LQJ PDQQHU Jason Kay Kit Leon: 1HJRWLDWH ZLWK WKHP"

Translator: 1R ,WÂˇV QRW D QHJRWLDWLRQ +H ZDV WU\LQJ WR FRPSUHKHQG WKH VKRFN DQG KH ZDV WU\LQJ WR DYRLG DQ\ PRUH GDPDJHV WKDW could happen.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH \RX DQJU\ ZLWK WKHP"

Translator: 1R KH GLG QRW VKRZ DQ\ VLJQV RI DQJHU EXW RI FRXUVH LQVLGH KH ZDV IHHOLQJ D ELW DQJU\ \HV Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ZHUH DIUDLG RI WKH VROGLHUV ZLWK JXQV"

Translator: +H VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;What do you mean? How do you mean like afraid?â&#x20AC;? Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6ROGLHUV ZLWK JXQV FDPH DQG VPDVKHG GRZQ \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH PDLQ JDWH DQG ZLQGRZV <RX JR WKHUH DQG ZKDW GLG \RX GR" :HUH \RX DQJU\" :HUH \RX VFDUHG" :KDW ZHUH \RXU IHHOLQJV"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: 1RW IHDU EXW LQVLGH DQJHU WKDW ZDVQÂˇW VKRZHG WR WKH RXWVLGH Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2I FRXUVH \RX ZHUH DQJU\ 7KH\ MXVW VPDVKHG GRZQ \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH 'LG \RX VKRZ WKLV DQJHU WR WKHP" Translator: He said that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not just a matter of smashing his brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s KRXVH ,WÂˇV WKH HQWLUH RFFXSDWLRQ 7KLV LV MXVW RQH SDJH RI ZKDW the occupation has produced. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , DJUHH %XW WKLV ZDV D YHU\ SHUVRQDO H[SHULHQFH <RXU EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH ZDV YLRODWHG

Translator: +H VDLG WKDW KH ZDV PRUH FRQFHUQHG DERXW KLV FRXQWU\ WKDW LWÂˇV MXVW QRW D SHUVRQDO PDWWHU ,W ZDV D QDWLRQDO PDWWHU 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2Q WKDW QLJKW ZHUH \RX FRQFHUQHG DERXW \RXU EURWKHUÂˇV FKLOGUHQ ZKR ZHUH LQ WKH KRXVH" Translator: +H ZDV ZRUULHG +H ZDV QRW VFDUHG +H ZDV ZRUULHG DERXW them. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'RHV KH PDLQWDLQ SDUDJUDSK Â´, ZHQW WR P\ EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH DQG welcomed the soldiers,â&#x20AC;? RU ZRXOG KH OLNH WR FKDQJH WKDW SDUW WR D PRUH DSSURSULDWH ZRUG" Translator: +H VDLG LI WR EH FKDQJHG ZKDW NLQG RI FKDQJH ZLOO WKDW EH"

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG KH ZHOFRPH WKHP DQG VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Peace be unto you, welcome to P\ EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH WRR EDG \RX EURNH LW GRZQ Âľ 40

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

Abbas Abid: When you say â&#x20AC;&#x153;Welcomeâ&#x20AC;? LQ .XDOD /XPSXU LWÂˇV GLÍżHUHQW ZKHQ \RX VD\ ZHOFRPH LQ ,UDT

Translator: +H VD\V LWÂˇV D FXOWXUDO GLÍżHUHQFH ZKHQ \RX VD\ KHUH DQG WKHUH Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not the same meaning.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Might I say he Â´DFNQRZOHGJHGÂľ their presence at his brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s KRXVH" Translator: Yes. He said the entire occupation is the same matter.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: The occupation resulted in him losing his position as Chief (QJLQHHU +H ORVW KLV MRE DIWHU WKH RFFXSDWLRQ" 20

Translator: +H VDLG LV LW WKDW UHOHYDQW WR WRGD\ÂˇV FDVH" Jason Kay Kit Leon: I am trying to test the veracity of his statement.

Translator: $JDLQ ZKDW GRHV WKLV JRW WR GR ZLWK WKDW"

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ORVW \RXU MRE <RX KDYH D ELJ IDPLO\ DERXW SHRSOH OLYLQJ LQ RQH KRXVH +RZ DUH \RX VXSSRUWLQJ WKHP"

Translator: +H VDLG DV D 0XVOLP KH EHOLHYHV WKDW KLV ZHDOWK LV PDQDJHG E\ *RG %XW IURP DQG KH VWLOO KDG D MRE LQ WKH JRYHUQPHQW DQG KH RQO\ TXLW WKH MRE DIWHU KH ZDV GHWDLQHG LQ 2006 ... 2005.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2005.

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: <HV ZKHQ KH ZDV GHWDLQHG LQ Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KHQ \RX ZHUH GHWDLQHG \RX ZHUH EURXJKW WR $O 0XWKDQQD KHDGTXDUWHUV :DV WKLV LQ $EX *KUDLE RU %DJKGDG"

Translator: <HV LQ $EX *KUDLE 10

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG \RX ZHUH WKHUH IRU ZHHNV ZHHNV" Translator: <HV IRU ZHHNV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG WKHQ \RX ZHUH PRYHG WR $O -DGLULD SULVRQ IRU ZHHNV" Translator: 1R LQ $O -DGLULD IRU DERXW ZHHNV Jason Kay Kit Leon: 1RZ WKDWÂˇV ZKHUH , DP D ELW FRQIXVHG ,Q SDUDJUDSK \RX VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;On the evening of 28th of August 2005.â&#x20AC;? <RX ZHUH GHWDLQHG RQ WK RI $XJXVW VR WKDWÂˇV WKH VWDUW GDWH , DP QRZ UHIHUULQJ WR SDUDJUDSK Â´I was released on the 2nd of October 2006Âľ +RZ ORQJ ZHUH \RX GHWDLQHG" \HDU PRQWKV" Translator: +H DVNHG GR \RX ZDQW WKH &9 RI WKH

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ ORQJ ZDV KH GHWDLQHG WRWDO" 35

Abbas Abid: ZHHNV LQ $O 0XWKDQQD ZHHNV LQ $O -DGLULD $QG RWKHU SHULRGV LQ $O 7DVĂ&#x20AC;UDW ZHHNV ZLWK WKH $PHULFDQV LQ $EX *KUDLE 2WKHU SHULRGV LQ $O 7DVĂ&#x20AC;UDW SULVRQ 40

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $O 7DVĂ&#x20AC;UDW"

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Translator: ,W LV D SULVRQ DQG LW LV FDOOHG $O 7DVÃ&#x20AC;UDW Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KHUH ZDV RQH SDUW RI \RXU WHVWLPRQ\ WKDW \RX VDLG WKDW WKH SODFH $O 0XWKDQQD WKH URRP ORRNHG QHZ DQG LW GLGQÂ·W ORRN like a torture room. Translator: +H VDLG WKDW WKLV ZDV DFWXDOO\ FDPS EHIRUH RU LW ZDV D EDVH DQG WKHQ LW ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG LQWR D SULVRQ 6R PRVW RI WKH EXLOGLQJV ZHUH QRW LQ D JRRG VKDSH DQG WKH\ EURXJKW KLP WKHUH ,V LW QRW D PDWWHU RI URRP WKDW ZDV GLÍ¿HUHQW EXW WKDW LWÂ·V QRW DV conventional torture room.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG KH VHH D WRUWXUH URRP EHIRUH KH WKLV ZKHQ KH ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG" , EHOLHYH WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW WKLQJ WKDW KDSSHQ WR KLP ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG +DV KH VHHQ D WRUWXUH URRP EHIRUH WKDW" 20

Translator: :KDW KH PHDQW ZDV WKDW WKH\ MXVW WRRN RXW D FDEOH DQG WKHQ they applied it to him directly. And that he said that based on prior information that he took from previous stories that he UHDG LQ QHZVSDSHUV RU LQ ERRNV RU KHDUG DERXW DQG RWKHU VRXUFH RI PHGLD KH KDG HVWDEOLVKHG DQ LGHD RI ZKDW D WRUWXUH SURFHVV RU D WRUWXUH URRP PLJKW EH GLÍ¿HUHQW IURP WKH RQH WKDW KH ZDV LQ Translator: 6R KH NQHZ DERXW WRUWXUH KDSSHQLQJ" Translator: &DQ \RX FODULI\"

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <HV , DP VRUU\ +H NQHZ WKHUH WRUWXUH URRPV KDSSHQLQJ LQ ,UDT" 40

Translator: %HIRUH KH ZDV WRUWXUHG"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Yes. Translator: +H VDLG \RX DUH WU\LQJ WR HVWDEOLVK D GLÍżHUHQFH EHWZHHQ OHDGLQJ WR D TXHVWLRQ ZKHUH \RX ZDQW WR SXW WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKH RQH DIWHU WKH ZDU Jason Kay Kit Leon: <HV , ZLOO DVN GLUHFWO\ QRZ Translator: He is talking about these subject years after it had happened. 'XULQJ WKHVH \HDUV KH NQHZ E\ WKH QXPHURXV PHWKRGV of media about the subject of this matter. He had no prior NQRZOHGJH DERXW GLÍżHUHQW NLQGV RI WRUWXUH SULRU WR WKDW +H LV QRW D PDQ ZLWK DXWKRULW\ RU VHFXULW\ WR NQRZ WKHVH NLQGV RI methods. Jason Kay Kit Leon: :DV KH DZDUH RI WKH SUHYLRXV DOOHJDWLRQV WKDW WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW RI ,UDT HPSOR\HG PHWKRGV RI WRUWXUH" Translator: He said that this is irrelevant his case.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yesâ&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;noâ&#x20AC;? please. Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV LI , PD\ FDQ , Ă&#x20AC;QG RXW WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKLV PDWWHU" (VWDEOLVKLQJ NQRZOHGJH LQ UHODWLRQ WR KLVWRULFDOO\" +HUH ZH DUH GHDOLQJ YHU\ VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ ZLWK DQ DOOHJDWLRQ WKDW DW D SDUWLFXODU SRLQW RI WLPH KH ZDV WDNHQ DQG WRUWXUHG , ZRXOG OLNH WR VHH ZKDW WKH UHOHYDQFH , IDLO WR VHH WKH UHOHYDQFH Jason Kay Kit Leon: , ZLOO SURYLGH WKH UHOHYDQFH QRZ ,W LV MXVW WR DVN WKH ZLWQHVV 0U $EEDV ZKHQ KH ZDV ZRUNLQJ DV JRYHUQPHQW VHUYDQW IURP WR WKDW KH ZDV ZRUNLQJ IRU D JRYHUQPHQW ZKR HPSOR\HG PHDQV RI WRUWXUH GLG KH WDNH PRQH\ IURP WKH

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

JRYHUQPHQW DV ZDJHV RU KLV SD\ VDODU\ Whether or not thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s DQ D[H WR JULQG ZLWK WKH RFFXS\LQJ IRUFH WKHUHDIWHU ZKLFK KH DOOHJHV HPSOR\HG WRUWXUH DJDLQVW KLP ,I WKH ZLWQHVV FKRRVHV QRW WR DQVZHU LW LV ZLWKLQ KLV , DP DOULJKW ZLWK LW

Translator: ,V LW D WULDO IRU WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW" $QG LI WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW ZDV RQH RI LOO PDQQHU VKRXOG WKH HQWLUH SRSXODWLRQ QRW ZRUN LQ GLÍ¿HUHQW SRVWV &DQ \RX LPDJLQH D FRXQWU\ WKDW ZLWKRXW GRFWRUV SURIHVVRUV RU HQJLQHHUV HYHQ LI WKH JRYHUQPHQW ZDV LQ IDFW LOO PDQQHUHG DV \RX SRLQWHG RXW" Abbas Abid: $QVZHU PH Jason Kay Kit Leon: You do agree that the previous government of Iraq could have EHHQ EHWWHU"

Abbas Abid: , ZDQW DQ DQVZHU

Jason Kay Kit Leon: I am asking. Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV LI , PD\ WKH SUHYLRXV JRYHUQPHQW RI ,UDT LV QRW RQ WULDO KHUH DQG , GRQÂ·W XQGHUVWDQG ZKDW WKH UHOHYDQFH WKLV OLQH RI TXHVWLRQLQJ LV 7KH YLFWLP KHUH LV DQ (QJLQHHU ZKR ZRUNHG IRU WKH JRYHUQPHQW 7KHUHÂ·V QR DOOHJDWLRQ DW DOO WKDW KH KLPVHOI FRPPLWWHG ZLWK DQ\ W\SH RI FULPLQDO DFWLYLW\ +H MXVW KDG D MRE 6R , ZRXOG UHVSHFWIXOO\ UHTXHVW WKDW ZH VLPSO\ UHWXUQ to the allegations of torture and not raise questions implicitly DV WR KLV FUHGLELOLW\ DQG LQWHJULW\ DV DQ (QJLQHHU 7KDQN \RX Jason Kay Kit Leon: 9HU\ ZHOO , ZLOO JR WR RWKHU DVSHFWV RI FUHGLELOLW\ QRZ

3DUDJUDSK 'LG \RX RZQ D JXQ SULRU WR \RX EHLQJ WDNHQ LQ " /HW PH MXVW DVN GLUHFWO\ +RZ GLG \RX NQRZ WKDW LW ZDV

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

DQ $. " ,Q UHODWLRQ WR SDUDJUDSK \RX JDYH WHVWLPRQ\ WR say that they reloaded an AK47 and shot around close to your HDU $UH \RX SURÃ&#x20AC;FLHQW LQ JXQV WR NQRZ KRZ DQ $. UHORDGV OLNH"

Translator: +H VDLG KH VHUYHG LQ WKH PLOLWDU\ ,W ZDV FRPSXOVRU\ Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you.

Translator: +H MXVW ZDQWV WR FODULI\ WKDW VHUYLFH LQ WKH PLOLWDU\ LQ WKH FRXQWU\ ZDV FRPSXOVRU\ DW WKH SUHYLRXV UHJLPH (YHU\ PDQ LI KH ZDV DEOH VKRXOG VHUYH LQ WKH DUP\

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0D\ , NQRZ KRZ ORQJ GLG \RX VHUYH" Abbas Abid: 0RUH WKDQ WZR \HDUV DQG HYHU\RQH VKRXOG VHUYH DW OHDVW WZR years. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG KH YROXQWHHU WR VHUYH EH\RQG WZR \HDUV" <RX VDLG \RX VHUYHG PRUH WKDQ WZR \HDUV 'LG \RX YROXQWHHU WR VHUYH DIWHU WZR \HDUV" Translator: No. Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX KDYH VDLG , DP FXULRXV DV WR KRZ \RX LGHQWLÃ&#x20AC;HG WKH SHRSOH ZKHQ \RX VDLG WKH SHRSOH ZKR FDPH WR \RXU EURWKHUÂ·V KRXVH RQ WK $XJXVW WKH\ ZHUH $PHULFDQ )RUFHV DQG 1DWLRQDO *XDUGV +RZ GLG \RX PDQDJH WR LGHQWLI\ WKHP DV VXFK" Translator: +H VDLG WKDW LW LV YHU\ FOHDU WR GLÍ¿HUHQWLDWH EHWZHHQ $PHULFDQV DQG ,UDTL IRUFHV EDVHG RQ WKHLU XQLIRUPV DQG WKH ZD\ WKH\ talked and the colour of their skin.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R WKH\ ZHUH LQ XQLIRUPV" Translator: (YHU\RQH Jason Kay Kit Leon: /HW XV JR WR SDUDJUDSK MXVW D FODULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ 3DUDJUDSK K Is it correct that the sentence should read â&#x20AC;&#x153;Threatened to bring my wife and mother to prison and sexually themâ&#x20AC;? and not to DFWXDOO\ GR WKDW ,W ZDV D WKUHDW WR EULQJ WKHP WR SULVRQ ULJKW" Translator: ,W ZDV D WKUHDW

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH WKH\ DFWXDOO\ EURXJKW WR WKH SULVRQ"

Translator: 1R LW ZDV D MXVW D WKUHDW 7KH\ ZHUH QRW SUHVHQW

Jason Kay Kit Leon: , MXVW ZDQWHG FODULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RQ WKDW SRLQW :KHQ \RX VDLG \RX ZHUH WRUWXUHG DQG WKH YDULRXV PHWKRGV XVHG DW SDUDJUDSK GLG \RX VHH ZKR ZHUH WRUWXULQJ \RX" Translator: No.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH\ SXW D KRRG RQ \RXU KHDG RI FRXUVH DQG FORVH \RXU H\HV Translator: <HV KH ZDV IROGHG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: So he couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see them.

Translator: +H VDLG KH FRXOG VHH MXVW EHQHDWK WKH IROGLQJ WKH ERRWV DQG the bottom part of the legs.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH WKH ERRWV RU OHJV LGHQWLÃ&#x20AC;DEOH WR VKRZ WKH\ ZHUH VROGLHUV RI ZKLFK DUP\" 2U VROGLHUV DW DOO" :DV WKHUH DQ\ ZD\ WR LGHQWLI\ WKH SHRSOH ZKR WRUWXUHG KLP DV QDWLRQDOLW\ RI DQ\ VRUW"

Translator: 1R WKH\ ZHUH QRW ZHDULQJ XQLIRUP Jason Kay Kit Leon: , PRYH QRZ WR SDUDJUDSK 7KHUH ZDV JXDUGV LQ WKH SULVRQ WKH SKRQHV ZLWK WRQHV DQG VRQJV LQ ,UDQLDQ ODQJXDJH :DV LW SRVVLEOH WKDW KLV WRUWXUHUV ZHUH DOO ,UDQLDQV"

Translator: 7KH\ PLJKW EH \HV +H VDLG WKDW WKH\ PLJKW EH ,UDQLDQV DQG WKH\ PLJKW EH QRW ,UDQLDQV EXW ZKR ZRXOG OLNH WR EH ,UDQLDQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: )XUWKHU WKHUH ZDV LQ SDUDJUDSK RU VR 7KH\ ZRXOG VSHDN LQ D ODQJXDJH WKDW KH GLG QRW XQGHUVWDQG 2I FRXUVH 0U $EEDV \RX XQGHUVWDQG (QJOLVK Translator: +H VDLG \HV LI WKH\ ZHUH VSHDNLQJ (QJOLVK , ZRXOG XQGHUVWDQG that. Jason Kay Kit Leon: <HV \RX KDYH DOVR DQVZHUHG PH LQ (QJOLVK VRPHZKDW ZKLOH , ZDV TXHVWLRQLQJ EHIRUH 1RZ RI FRXUVH LI WKH\ ZHUH VSHDNLQJ LQ ODQJXDJH WKDW \RX GLG QRW XQGHUVWDQG WKH\ FRXOG EH RI D GLIIHUHQW QDWLRQDOLW\ ZKLFK QRW QHFHVVDULO\ $PHULFDQV FRUUHFW" Translator: +H GLG QRW VD\ WKDW WKH\ ZHUH $PHULFDQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG KH FRXOG QRW LGHQWLI\ DQ\ RI WKHP" <RX ZHUH LQ D KRRG 40

Translator: Yes.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you. No further questions. Gurdial Singh Nijar: , MXVW KDYH RQH VPDOO FODULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ WR PDNH )URP SDUDJUDSK WR SDUDJUDSK IROORZLQJ \RX VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yet in the media,â&#x20AC;? WKH\ PHDQLQJ $PHULFDQ WURRSV â&#x20AC;&#x153;deny knowing it and deliberately try to give the impression that in this prison, only Iraqis are torturing fellow Iraqis.â&#x20AC;?

My question is: Do you have anything to clarify about the role of the Americans in inflicting the actual torture RU SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ DQ\ ZD\ LQ WKH WRUWXUH FDUULHG RXW E\ ZKRPHYHU 15

Translator: +H GRQÂˇW KDYH DQ\ LQIR UHJDUGLQJ ZKHWKHU WKRVH ZHUH $PHULFDQ RU QRW EXW GXULQJ WKH ZHHNV WKDW KH VWD\HG LQ WKH SULVRQ $PHULFDQV ZHUH SUHVHQW DQG WKH\ GLG NQRZ ZKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ DQG ZKDW ZDV KDSSHQLQJ +H VDLG RQH WLPH WKH\ EURXJKW RXW WKH SULVRQHUV DQG OLQHG WKHP XS LQ WKH KDOO WR WDNH Ă&#x20AC;QJHU SULQWV VR KH RYHUKHDUG D FRQYHUVDWLRQ EHWZHHQ DQ $PHULFDQ WURRSHU IHPDOH ZLWK RQH RI WKH GHWDLQHHV 6KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why do WKH\ VPHOO VR EDG DQG ZK\ DUH WKH\ H[WUHPHO\ Ă&#x20AC;OWK\"Âľ 6KH ZDV QRW WDONLQJ ZLWK WKH GHWDLQHH EXW UDWKHU ZLWK RQH RI WKH JXDUGV 6R WKH JXDUG UHSOLHG DIWHU WKH TXHVWLRQ WKDW Â´,ÂˇP QRW UXQQLQJ D Ă&#x20AC;YH VWDU SULVRQ Âľ $QG WKDW LV RQH ZD\ WKDW ZH NQHZ WKDW WKH $PHULFDQ WURRSV ZHUH SUHVHQW Gurdial Singh Nijar: One last question: Did the Americans at any time intervene to VWRS WKH DFWV RI WRUWXUH WKDW ZHUH EHLQJ LQĂ LFWHG RQ \RX" Translator: 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZHHNV WKDW KH VSHQW DW WKH $O 0XWKDQQD SULVRQ WKH\ ZRXOG FROODERUDWH ZLWK WKH JXDUGV and beat him up. Gurdial Singh Nijar: I have no further question but I believe Professor Boyle has ...

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV DIWHU 3UHVLGHQW %XVK LQYDGHG ,UDT DQG ZH DOUHDG\ GHDOW ZLWK WKDW LQ WKH ODVW SURFHHGLQJ WKH 8QLWHG States government became the belligerent occupant of Iraq subject to the Hague Regulations of 1907 and the 4 Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV RI DQG RXU YLFWLP KHUH ZDV D SURWHFWHG SHUVRQ ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ,Q WKLV FDSDFLW\ DV D EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV government had an absolute obligation to make sure that any Iraqi forces did not torture anyone in their possession for any reason. This is the obligation of a belligerent occupant under WKH ODZV RI ZDU HYHQ 8QLWHV 6WDWHV $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO And also let me cite UN Security Council Resolution 1483 of 2003.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,V WKHUH D TXHVWLRQ WR WKH ZLWQHVV RU Francis Boyle: 1R ,ÂˇP QRW TXHVWLRQLQJ WKH ZLWQHVV , DP IROORZLQJ XS ZLWK D VWDWHPHQW DV WR WKH VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQFH RI KLV WHVWLPRQ\ :KDW ZDV WKH UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW WR prevent the torture against this victim and that they failed and refused to discharge their responsibilities under Security &RXQFLO 5HVROXWLRQ WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DQG +DJXH 5HJXODWLRQV ZKLFK PHDQV WKHQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW ZDV OHJDOO\ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH WRUWXUH WKDW ZDV LQĂ LFWHG XSRQ this victim. Thank you. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX <RXU +RQRXUV 7KDW LV DOO IURP WKLV ZLWQHVV 0D\ WKLV ZLWQHVV EH UHOHDVHG" 7KDQN \RX 0U $EEDV <RX DUH H[FXVHG , DP DVNLQJ IRU WKH ZLWQHVV WR EH UHOHDVHG IURP JLYLQJ HYLGHQFH WRGD\ :H KDYH QRWKLQJ IXUWKHU XQOHVV WKH FRXUW KDV DQ\ TXHVWLRQV WR DVN &DQ WKLV ZLWQHVV EH UHOHDVHG"

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV KH LV QRZ UHOHDVHG 40

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH SURVHFXWLRQÂˇV VHFRQG ZLWQHVV LV 0RD]]DP %HJJ +LV Statutory Declaration appears in Bundle 3B but for the sake of FRQYHQLHQFH ZH KDYH PDGH DYDLODEOH VHSDUDWHO\ KLV 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ )RU KLV WHVWLPRQ\ ZH GR QRW QHHG DQ ,QWHUSUHWHU +H LV RI 8. FLWL]HQ DQG VSHDNV JRRG (QJOLVK +H LV RQ KLV ZD\ IURP WKH ZLWQHVV URRP ZKLFK LV RQ WKH th Ă RRU

<RXU +RQRXUV WR VDYH VRPH WLPH FDQ ZH FDQ PDUN WKLV GRFXPHQW WKDW ZH LQWHQG WR XVH" &RXOG LW EH PDUNHG DV 3 and to restate that it is dated 28th 2FWREHU 7KH ZLWQHVV ZLOO FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW LW LV YDOLG WRGD\ DV LW ZDV WKHQ LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH HYHQW WKDW KDSSHQHG DQG WKHUHIRUH ZLOO EH FRQVHTXHQWLDO DPHQGPHQWV WKDW IRU H[DPSOH WKDW KH ZDV \HDUV ROG WKDW ZDV LQ \HDU Moazzam Begg: , 0RD]]DP %HJJ KHUHE\ IDLWKIXOO\ DQG VROHPQO\ WDNHV RDWK DQG VZHDU WKDW DOO WKH HYLGHQFH WKDW , VKDOO JLYH LQ WKLV SURFHHGLQJV VKDOO EH WKH WUXWK DQG QRWKLQJ EXW WKH ZKROH WUXWK Registrar Musa Ismail: :KDW LV \RXU DJH"

Moazzam Begg: 43 years old.

Registrar Musa Ismail: :KHUH DUH \RX IURP" Moazzam Begg: My nationality is British.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX 0U 0RD]]DP \RX FDQ WDNH D VLW 0U 0RD]]DP \RX KDYH EHIRUH \RX D GRFXPHQW ZKLFK LV WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ WKDW \RX KDG PDGH LQ <RX UHFRJQLVHG WKLV GRFXPHQW"

Moazzam Begg: Yes. I do.

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104

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKDW RQ WKH ODVW SDJH WKDW LV \RXU VLJQDWXUH LV LW QRW" Moazzam Begg: Yes. It is. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ ZKDW , SURSRVHG WR GR LV WR JHW \RX WR UHDG \RXU RZQ GRFXPHQW 5HDG LW VORZO\ EHFDXVH ZH DUH QRW DV IDPLOLDU ZLWK WKH IDFWV WKDW \RX DUH RI FRXUVH DQG VHFRQGO\ DW YDULRXV SRLQW PD\EH \RX ZRXOG OLNH WR FODULI\ RU , ZLOO LQYLWH \RX WR FODULI\ IRU WKH SXUSRVHV RI WKLV SURFHHGLQJV 3HUKDSV \RX FDQ VWDUW RÍ¿ ZLWK , 0RD]]DP %HJJ DQG VR RQ

Moazzam Begg: , DP 0RD]]DP %HJJ %ULWLVK 3DVVSRUW 1R RI IXOO age and a citizen of the United Kingdom do hereby solemnly DQG VLQFHUHO\ GHFODUH DV IROORZV

I am 41 years old. I am a director of human rights organisation FDOOHG WKH &DJH 3ULVRQHUV ZKLFK DGYRFDWHV IRU SHRSOH GHWDLQHG ZLWKRXW FKDUJH RU WULDO LQ WKH ZDU RQ WHUURU

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The purpose of making this declaration is to put on record my WRUWXUH LQ 3DNLVWDQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG *XDQWDQDPR %D\ ,Q PLG , ZHQW WR $IJKDQLVWDQ ZLWK P\ IDPLO\ WR EXLOG D primary school for girls. When the United States of America LQYDGHG $IJKDQLVWDQ RQ 2FWREHU , DQG P\ IDPLO\ HYDFXDWHG WR ,VODPDEDG 3DNLVWDQ 2Q -DQXDU\ , ZDV DEGXFWHG IURP P\ KRXVH LQ Islamabad. At midnight I had a knock on the door and a group of men stormed in and pointed guns at me and also KDG HOHFWULF 7DVHU JXQV 7KH\ ZHUH ZHDULQJ FLYLOLDQ FORWKHV DQG GLG QRW SURGXFH DQ\ LGHQWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ 7KH SXVKHG PH RQ my knees and shackled my hands behind my back and put a hood over my head.

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They then stormed into the rest of the rooms the house DQG WRRN PH WR D ZDLWLQJ YHKLFOH ,Q WKH EDFN RI WKH YHKLFOH someone moved my hood and photographed me. These men ZHUH DQG ZHUH &DXFDVLDQ DQG ZHUH $PHULFDQ EDVHG RQ WKHLU DFFHQW 2QH RI WKHP SURGXFHG D SDLU RI KDQGFXÍżV ZKLFK KH VDLG ZDV JLYHQ WR KLP E\ D ZLIH RI D YLFWLP DQG KH KDQGFXÍżHG PH ZLWK LW 7KH\ WRRN PH WR D URRP DQG WKHUH ZHUH FHOOV RXWVLGH WKH URRP 7KH 3DNLVWDQLV WROG PH WKH\ ZHUH GRLQJ WKLV DW WKH UHTXHVW RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DQG WKDW WKH\ GLG QRW ZDQW PH IRU DQ\WKLQJ 7KHUH ZHUH D VHULHV RI LQWHUURJDWLRQV LQ GLÍżHUHQW ORFDWLRQV ZKHUH , ZDV LQWHUURJDWHG E\ $PHULFDQV ZKR ZHUH LQ FLYLOLDQ clothing. They questioned my presence in Afghanistan and 3DNLVWDQ 7KHUH ZHUH QR VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F DOOHJDWLRQV 2Q RQH RFFDVLRQ WKHUH ZDV D %ULWLVK PDQ SUHVHQW ZKR DOVR TXHVWLRQHG PH DERXW my friends and my background. 3ULRU WR P\ DEGXFWLRQ , KDG UHFHLYHG D FDOO IURP P\ IULHQG informing me that British intelligence had met him and asked about me. I told him to give my telephone number to them. )URP KLV GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH %ULWLVK LQWHOOLJHQFH RÎ&#x20AC;FHU LW ZDV WKH VDPH DV WKH RQH ZKR TXHVWLRQHG PH LQ 3DNLVWDQ

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They took me to a tent to be interrogated by 2 FBI interrogators ZKR KDG )%, FDSV RQ 7KH\ DVNHG PH ZKHQ ZDV WKH ODVW WLPH WKDW , VDZ 2VDPD ELQ /DGHQ DQG 0XOODK 2PDU , UHVSRQGHG LQ (QJOLVK DQG VDLG , WKDW , GLG QRW NQRZ DQ\WKLQJ DERXW 0XOODK Omar or Osama bin Laden. , ZDV JLYHQ FORWKHV DQG NHSW LQ D FHOO PDGH RI FRLOV RI UD]RU ZLUH ZLWKLQ WKH KDQJDU 7KH SURFHVV RI UHPRYDO IURP WKH FHOO IRU LQWHUURJDWLRQ ZRXOG KDYH D VROGLHU RQ RYHU ZDWFK SXWWLQJ D URXQG LQ KLV FKDPEHU LQ KLV JXQ DQG SRLQWLQJ LW DW PH ZKLOH DQRWKHU ZRXOG DVN PH WR OLH RQ WKH ÁRRU ZLWK P\ KDQGV WLHG EHKLQG P\ EDFN DQG RWKHUV ZRXOG FRPH LQ DQG VKDFNOH P\ feet and hands and place a hood over my head. Another stood RXWVLGH SRLQWLQJ D JXQ DW PH 7KHQ , ZRXOG EH WDNHQ LQ D ERZLQJ SRVLWLRQ WR WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ $QG RQ WKH ZD\ , ZRXOG EH SXQFKHG DQG NLFNHG DQG EDUNLQJ GRJV ZHUH EURXJKW WR P\ IDFH 7KH LQWHUURJDWLRQ ZRXOG EH GRQH ZLWK PH RQ P\ NQHHV and hands tied behind my back.

These interrogations could last very short or they could last IRU KRXUV 2QFH , ZDV DVNHG WR ZULWH P\ HQWLUH OLIH VWRU\ DQG WKHQ WKH\ WRUH LW XS RQFH , ÀQLVKHG 40

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about the list of Imams in Britain mosques and others. I felt , ZDV SURÀOHG DQG GLVFULPLQDWHG EDVHG RQ P\ HWKQLFLW\ DQG religion.

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,I SHUPLWWHG , ZRXOG OLNH WR GHVFULEH WKLV D OLWWOH 7KHUH LV D ÀOP called ´7D[L WR WKH 'DUN 6LGH µ ZKLFK LQ ZRQ WKH 2VFDU IRU EHVW GRFXPHQWDU\ ,Q LW WKHUH DUH LQWHUURJDWRUV ZKR VSHDN of the Bagram detention facility and the death of a particular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ÀQHPHQW E\ WKH &,$ by the FBI and US military intelligence and also by British LQWHOOLJHQFH 0\ OHJV DQG DUPV ZHUH KRJWLHG EHKLQG P\ EDFN WR P\ OHJV 'XULQJ WKLV SHULRG , ZDV WKUHDWHQHG WR EH VHQW WR (J\SW

Gurdial Singh Nijar: -XVW D VHFRQG 0U 0RD]]DP <RX XVHG WKH ZRUG “hog-tied.” :KDW LV KRJ WLHG"

Moazzam Begg: +RJ WLHG LV ZKHQ \RXU KDQGV DUH WLHG EHKLQG \RXU EDFN WR \RXU OHJV ZKLFK DUH DOVR VKDFNOHG VR LQ HVVHQFH \RX·UH OLNH DQ DQLPDO WKDW·V MXVW EHHQ FDSWXUHG IURP D NLOO 1, ZDV LQ WKLV position during this period. And there’s one more thing I think

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itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s extremely important for the purposes of this Tribunal to XQGHUVWDQG LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH JUHDWHU ZDU LQ ,UDT DQG ZKDW IROORZHG

, ZDV WKUHDWHQHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV WKDW LI , GLG QRW FRRSHUDWH , ZRXOG EH VHQW WR (J\SW 7KH\ WROG PH WKDW WKH SDUWLFXODU individual called Ibn al-Sheikh al-Libi had been seated the VDPH VHDW DV , ZDV DQG WKDW KH ZDV WKH VHQLRU $O 4DHGD PHPEHU DQG WKDW KH GLGQÂˇW FRRSHUDWH ZLWK WKHP 6R WKH\ VHQW KLP WR (J\SW

,Q (J\SW , OHDUQHG ODWHU KH ZDV ZDWHU ERDUGHG WRUWXUHG DQG DEXVHG LQ PDQ\ RWKHU ZD\V DQG KH JDYH D FRQIHVVLRQ DQG LQ WKLV FRQIHVVLRQ KH VDLG KH ZDV ZRUNLQJ ZLWK 6DGGDP +XVVHLQ DV D PHPEHU RI $O 4DHGD WR DWWDLQ ZHDSRQ RI PDVV destruction. , OHDUQHG ODWHU WKDW LQ &ROLQ 3RZHOO VDLG WR WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV WR DUJXH IRU D FDVH RI ZDU LQ ,UDT WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;we have evidence, credible evidence based on the testimony of this man, Ibn al-Sheikh al-Libi, to invade Iraq.â&#x20AC;? $QG VR LW ZDV XVHG DV RQH RI WKH WHVWLPRQLHV RQH RI WKH HYLGHQFHV WR LQYDGH ,UDT $QG , VD\ WKLV EHFDXVH , ZDV VHDWHG LQ WKLV PDQÂˇV VHDW DOVR Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG ODWHU WKDW HYLGHQFH ZDV VKRZQ WR EH IDOVH" Moazzam Begg: 7KDW LV FRUUHFW ,EQ DO 6KHLNK DO /LEL LQ \HDU , EHOLHYH UHWUDFWHG WKDW VWDWHPHQW EXW E\ WKDW WLPH WKH LQYDVLRQ KDG DOUHDG\ WDNHQ SODFH DQG WKHQ LQWHUHVWLQJO\ ,EQ DO 6KHLNK DO /LEL ZDV DIWHU WKLV VHQW WR /LE\D ZKHUH KH ZDV D GLVVLGHQW and in 2008 he turned up in his cell dead in the infamous Abu 6DOLP SULVRQ 6R LW ZDV D GHDWK RI ZKDW , EHOLHYH VRPHWKLQJ ZDV FRQYHQLHQW -XVW WR DOVR SRLQW RXW VRPHWKLQJ WKDWÂˇV YHU\ WRSLFDO ULJKW QRZ DQ $PHULFDQ VROGLHU

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\EH \RX FDQ UHDG Ă&#x20AC;UVW 40

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Moazzam Begg: 6XUH $Q $PHULFDQ VROGLHU WROG PH WKDW WKLV WKUHDW RI EHLQJ VHQW WR (J\SW ZDV QRW D MRNH DQG WKDW WKLV ZDV GRQH WR DQRWKHU SHUVRQ ZKR ZDV VHQW WR 6\ULD , PDNH WKLV SRLQW YHU\ FOHDU QRZ EHFDXVH RI ZKDWÂˇV KDSSHQLQJ LQ 6\ULD LV WKDW , KDYH PHW VRPH LQGLYLGXDOV ZKR ZHUH KDQGHG RYHU E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WR WKH 6\ULDQ JRYHUQPHQW VR LW VKRZ WKHUH ZDV DQ LQWHOOLJHQFH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKDW RI 6\ULD DQG SHRSOH ZHUH UHQGLWLRQHG LQ WKH FDVH RI 0DKHU $UDU

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6RUU\ MXVW WR FODULI\ \RX XVHG WKH ZRUG Â´renditionÂľ VR WKLV LV WKH WKUHDWV WR PDNH WKLV UHQGLWLRQ WR RWKHU FRXQWULHV ZKHUH \RX ZLOO EH WRUWXUHG DQG IDFH IXUWKHU FRQVHTXHQFHV" 15

Moazzam Begg: 7KDWÂˇV FRUUHFW DQG WKLV LV RI FRXUVH LQ WKH DEVHQFH RI WKH UXOH RI ODZ RU DQ\ GXH SURFHVV DQG WKDWÂˇV WKH LPSRUWDQW SDUW ZKHUH D SHUVRQ ZRXOG EH OLWHUDOO\ WDNHQ DZD\ DQG WKHQ KDQGHG RYHU WR D FRXQWU\ WKDWÂˇV NQRZQ WR SUDFWLFH WRUWXUH WKDW KDV EHHQ UHFRJQLVHG DV D SUDFWLWLRQHU RI WRUWXUH DQG WKHQ OHIW WKHUH DW the hands of that country. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG \RX VD\ WKLV ZDV SUDFWLFHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV" %XW \RXÂˇUH D %ULWLVK 6R GLG WKH %ULWLVK LQWHOOLJHQFH SOD\ D SDUW" Moazzam Begg: The British intelligence played an immense role. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s WDNLQJ SODFH QRZ LQ %ULWDLQ LV LQ HYLGHQFH RI WKDW IRU WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WLPH LQ %ULWLVK KLVWRU\ WKH %ULWLVK SROLFH DUH LQYHVWLJDWLQJ WKH British government and intelligence services for complicity LQ WRUWXUH /DVW \HDU P\VHOI DQG VHYHUDO IRUPHU *XDQWDQDPR %D\ SULVRQHUV ZRQ DQ XQSUHFHGHQWHG RXW RI &RXUW VHWWOHPHQW from the British government for a case of complicity in torture and false imprisonment. 6R WKHUH LV DEVROXWHO\ QR GRXEW LQ P\ PLQG DQG WKH PLQGV RI RUGLQDU\ SHRSOH DQG DOVR WKRVH ZKR ZHUH DÍżHFWHG E\ WKLV SROLF\ WKDW RXU RZQ JRYHUQPHQW ZDV FRPSOHWHO\ LQ FDKRRWV DQG LQ DJUHHPHQW ZLWK ZKDW ZDV WDNLQJ SODFH DQG WKDW LV ZK\

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inquires have been ordered by the British Prime Minister into the action of British intelligence in torture; and I believe that WKH ODWHVW FDVH ZKLFK LV H[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQW RI D PDQ FDOOHG $EGHO +DNLP %HOKDM ZKR LV DW SUHVHQW D PLOLWDU\ OHDGHU LQ /LE\D RI WKH QDWLRQDO WUDQVLWLRQDO FRXQFLO ZKR ZDV UHQGHUHG IURP 7KDLODQG WR /LE\D ZLWK %ULWLVK DQG $PHULFDQ FRPSOLFLW\ And the proof for this have been found in documents that ZHUH GLVFRYHUHG E\ WKH UHEHOV ZKR ZHUH LQ /LE\D DQG ZKR KDG IRXQG GRFXPHQWV ZKLFK VKRZHG WKDW %ULWLVK LQWHOOLJHQFH DJHQWV ZHUH FRPPXQLFDWLQJ ZLWK /LE\DQ LQWHOOLJHQFH DJHQWV in handing over and rendition of individuals. $EGHO +DNLP %HOKDM QRZ KDV D FDVH DJDLQVW WKH %ULWLVK JRYHUQPHQW DQG LV QRZ LQ WKH FRXUWV 6R WKLV LV H[WUHPHO\ WRSLFDO DQG KH RI FRXUVH ODWHU EHFDPH DQG LV RQH RI WKH leaders of the Libyan revolution. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKLV ZDV WKURXJK WKH FRRSHUDWLRQ RI WKH WKHQ 3ULPH 0LQLVWHU ZDV LW QRW" 5HQGLWLRQ" Moazzam Begg: 7KDWÂ·V FRUUHFW ,WÂ·V EHOLHYHG WKDW 7RQ\ %ODLU -DFN 6WUDZ DQG RWKHUV ZHUH LQ FKDUJH DW WKH WLPH WKH\ NQHZ RU RXJKW WR KDYH NQRZQ ZKDW ZDV WDNLQJ SODFH XQGHU WKHLU ZDWFK $QG WKDW LV ZKDW , EHOLHYH WKH SROLFH DUH LQYHVWLJDWLQJ DV ZHOO DV WKURXJK civil proceedings. Gurdial Singh Nijar: Just to inform you that Tony Blair in the eyes of this Tribunal is D ZDU FULPLQDO DQG VR WKLV LV D YHU\ KHDUWHQLQJ SLHFH RI QHZV that the British police are pursuing this. Thank you.

0D\EH \RX FDQ SURFHHG ZLWK SDUDJUDSK 35

Moazzam Begg: , KDG ZULWWHQ VRPH OHWWHUV WKURXJK WKH 5HG &URVV WR P\ ZLIH and I did not receive any replies. And on one day during this SHULRG WKH\ EURXJKW SKRWRJUDSKV RI P\ ZLIH DQG FKLOGUHQ 7KH\ DVNHG PH LI , WKRXJKW , ZDV HYHU JRLQJ WR VHH WKHP DJDLQ DQG ZKDW GLG , WKLQN KDSSHQHG WR WKHP WKH QLJKW WKDW \RX ZHUH DEGXFWHG DQG ZKHWKHU WKH\ ZHUH VDIH $W WKH VDPH WLPH

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, KHDUG KRUULÃ&#x20AC;F VFUHDPV RI D ZRPDQ DQG VROGLHUV VFUHDPLQJ back profanities from the next room. They did not say it but LQVLQXDWHG WKDW LW ZDV P\ ZLIH EHLQJ WRUWXUHG

7KH &,$ ZDQWHG PH WR ZRUN ZLWK WKHP DQG WKH )%, ZDQWHG PH WR EH D ZLWQHVV IRU WKHP DERXW DQ\WKLQJ , ZDV ZLOOLQJ WR DJUHH WR WKHLU GHPDQGV DV , KDG IHDUHG IRU P\ ZLIHÂ·V ZHOO EHLQJ ZKR , WKRXJKW DW WKH WLPH ZDV EHLQJ WRUWXUHG LQ WKH next room.

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Moazzam Begg: , WKLQN LW ZRXOG EH KDOI WKH VL]H RI IURP KHUH WR WKHUH

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IDFH EODFNHG RXW JRJJOHV RYHU P\ H\HV DQG HDU PXÍ¿V RYHU P\ HDUV $OO RI WKHVH DSSHQGDJHV ZHUH YHU\ WLJKW Ã&#x20AC;WWLQJ DQG caused excruciating pain.

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abused less by the guards. But I remained in solitary FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW 0\ PHQWDO VWDWH ZDV DÍ¿HFWHG GXH WR EHLQJ SODFHG LQ VROLWDU\ FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW +DYLQJ KDG QR FRQWDFW ZLWK P\ IDPLO\ DOO RI WKHVH \HDUV RWKHU WKDQ VSRUDGLF OHWWHUV WKDW ZHUH KHDYLO\ censored by the American authorities. I had been left in a state of constant anxiety and despair. I had experienced VHYHUDO DQ[LHW\ DWWDFNV ZKHUH , ORVW FRQWURO RI P\ VHQVHV , ZRXOG VFUHDP NLFN DQG SXQFK GXULQJ WKHVH DWWDFN WKLQJV WKDW , ZRXOG QHYHU GR QRUPDOO\ GR $ IHPDOH SK\VLDWULVW RQFH suggested to me a method of suicide and asked if I have ever FRQVLGHUHG UHPRYLQJ P\ WURXVHUV DQG WKUHDGLQJ WKHP ZLWK the bed sheet to make a noose and to tie it around my neck and then tying the other end on top of the cell and jumping RÍ¿ 6RPH GUXJV ZHUH SUHVFULEHG WR FDOP PH GRZQ DQG WR JHW PH WR VOHHS , GR QRW NQRZ ZKDW WKHVH GUXJV ZHUH EXW , H[SHULHQFHG KDOOXFLQDWLRQV ZKHQ , WRRN WKHP DV D UHVXOW ,Q 1RYHPEHU , ZDV UHPRYHG IURP VROLWDU\ FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW DQG SODFHG LQ WKH EORFNV ZLWK RWKHU SULVRQHUV DQG PRQWKV ODWHU , ZDV UHOHDVHG

, QHYHU NQHZ ZKDW P\ FULPH ZDV WR WKLV GD\ , ZRXOG QHYHU XQGHUVWDQG WKH EUXWDOLW\ RU LWV MXVWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ 3HUKDSV WKH ZRUVW WKLQJ ZDV EHLQJ LQ DQ HQYLURQPHQW ZKHUH , KDG WR SURYH P\ LQQRFHQFH EXW WKHUH ZDV QR RSSRUWXQLW\ WR GR WKLV , EHOLHYH WKDW LW ZDV E\ GHVLJQ WR EUHDN P\ VSLULW E\ WRUWXULQJ RWKHU SHRSOH LQ IURQW RI PH ZKLFK ZDV ZRUVH WKDQ EHLQJ WRUWXUHG P\VHOI 7KH DEVHQFH RI GXH SURFHVV EHFDPH ZRUVH WKDQ WKH physical torture. And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declaration Act 1960. Moazzam Begg. Gurdial Singh Nijar: Thank you Mr. Moazzam Begg. Is there anything else you ZLVK WR DGG"

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Moazzam Begg: 7KH RQO\ WKLQJ WKDW , ZRXOG DGG LV WKDW ZKDW LVQÂˇW PHQWLRQHG LQ WKLV VWRU\ LV WKH DIWHU HÍżHFWV RI WKLV SURFHVV , KDYH QHYHU LPDJLQHG WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WR EH D FRXQWU\ WKDW ZRXOG EHKDYH in this manner having been born and raised in the United .LQJGRP EHLQJ EURXJKW XS RQ D GLHW RI $PHULFDQ FXOWXUH :KHQ , Ă&#x20AC;UVW KHDUG $PHULFDQ YRLFHV , DFWXDOO\ IHOW DIWHU EHLQJ KHOG E\ WKH 3DNLVWDQLV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Finally the good guys are here.â&#x20AC;?

What I experienced over the next 3 years completely shattered WKDW EHOLHI , VD\ RIWHQ WKDW , KDYH QHYHU EHHQ WR $PHULFD EXW $PHULFD KDV EHHQ WR PH $QG LW KDV VKRZQ PH D VLGH RI LW ZKLFK , QHYHU NQHZ H[LVWHG DQG PRUH LPSRUWDQWO\ LW KDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;beenâ&#x20AC;? WR PRUH RWKHU SHRSOH $QG , ZDV KHOG LQ *XDQWDQDPR and Bagram 3 years. Guantanamo is only opened 10 years ODWHU 1LQH SHRSOH KDG GLHG LQ *XDQWDQDPR ZLWKRXW FKDUJH RU WULDO 7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO SHRSOH ZKRÂˇYH KDG WKHLU DUPV and legs amputated in Guantanamo. There are children in *XDQWDQDPR ZKR , VDZ Ă&#x20AC;UVW DV FKLOGUHQ ZKRÂˇYH JURZQ LQWR DGXOWV \HDUV ODWHU 0\ RZQ ZLIH LV KHUH WKDW VDPH ZRPDQ ZKR , ZDV OHG WR EHOLHYH ZDV EHLQJ WRUWXUHG LQ WKH URRP QH[W door.

$OWKRXJK ZH DV IRUPHU *XDQWDQDPR SULVRQHUV KDYH PDQDJHG WR ZLQ D FDVH DJDLQVW WKH %ULWLVK JRYHUQPHQW DW OHDVW LQ SDUWV WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD %XVK DQG KLV FRKRUWV WR WKLV GD\ KDYH QRW DFFHSWHG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV IRU DQ\WKLQJ $OO RI WKH KXQGUHGV RI SULVRQHUV WKDW ZHUH UHOHDVHG DQG LW ZDV VDLG RI XV DW WKH WLPH WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Guantanamo prisoners are the worst of the worst, the most dangerous people on the planet.â&#x20AC;? And if that ZDV UHDOO\ WKH FDVH ZK\ LV LW WKDW PRUH WKDQ RI XV ZHUH UHOHDVHG" 7KHUH LV QR UXOH RI ODZ LQ *XDQWDQDPR 7KHUH LV QR UXOH RI ODZ LQ %DJUDP 7KHUH LV QR UXOH RI ODZ ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DQG LWV FRQFHSW RI MXVWLFH ZKHQ RQH LV DFFXVHG RI EHLQJ D WHUURULVP VXVSHFW DQG ZH VWLOO FDUU\ WKH stigma of this accusation to this day as former Guantanamo SULVRQHUV EHFDXVH SHRSOH GRQÂˇW EHOLHYH WKDW WKH PRVW SRZHUIXO GHPRFUDF\ LQ WKH ZRUOG FRXOG KDYH KHOG \RX ZLWKRXW DQ\ good reason. They must have held you for good reason and it LV LPSRVVLEOH WR VKDNH RÍż WKLV DOOHJDWLRQ $QG XQWLO VRPHRQH LV

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FKDUJHG DQG SURVHFXWHG VXFFHVVIXOO\ IRU ZKDW WKH\ GLG WR XV LWÂˇV JRLQJ WR EH YHU\ GLÎ&#x20AC;FXOW IRU XV WR UHPRYH WKLV IURP RXU heads.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 2QH Ă&#x20AC;QDO SRLQW LV WKDW \RX DUH QRZ \RX VD\ LQ \RXU RSHQLQJ Â´,ÂˇP D 'LUHFWRU RI +XPDQ 5LJKWV 2UJDQLVDWLRQ FDOOHG WKH &DJHG Prisoners.â&#x20AC;? &DQ \RX MXVW WHOO XV D WKLQJ RU WZR DERXW WKDW"

Moazzam Begg: <HV &DJHG 3ULVRQHUV LV DQ RUJDQLVDWLRQ WKDW ZDV FDPSDLJQLQJ IRU PH ZKLOH , ZDV VWLOO LQ *XDQWDQDPR ,W KRVWHG WKH ODUJHVW resource of prisoners held in Guantanamo and secret detention LQ WKH ZRUOG , WKLQN DW D WLPH 7KH UHDVRQ ZK\ , MRLQ LW LV because I recognised the absence of due process for all these prisoners accused of terrorism or terrorism-linked.

*XDQWDQDPR LW PXVW EH VDLG LV WKH WLS RI WKH LFHEHUJ <RX have to go through a process of secret prisons that make *XDQWDQDPR ORRNV UHODWLYHO\ WDPH $QG WKRVH VHFUHW SULVRQV LQ VRPH SODFHV , H[SHULHQFHG DQG \HW ,ÂˇYH VSRNHQ WR SHRSOH ZKR ZHUH LQ HYHQ ZRUVW SODFHV WKDQ WKDW 7KH FDVH , VSRNH RI RI ,EQ DO 6KHLNK DO /LEL LV VR LPSHUDWLYH EHFDXVH LW VKRZV KRZ ZH XVH KRZ WKH :HVW XVHG WKLV FDVH RI RQH LQGLYLGXDO WR MXVWLI\ WKH ZDU LQ ,UDT DQG WR WDNH LW WR WKH KLJKHVW OHYHO RI JRYHUQPHQW $QG LWÂˇV WKHVH W\SH RI WKLQJV WKDW &DJHG 3ULVRQHUV P\ RUJDQLVDWLRQ WULHV WR XQFRYHU

3HRSOH DUH RIWHQ DIUDLG RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQFH VHUYLFHV WKH\ VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;They are watching us.â&#x20AC;? %XW DW &DJHG 3ULVRQHUV ZH VD\ Â´:HÂˇUH watching them right back.â&#x20AC;?

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Thank you very much Mr. Moazzam Begg. I have nothing IXUWKHU WR DGG , RÍżHU WKLV ZLWQHVV IRU FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ Thank you Mr. Moazzam. Just maintain yourself there for cross-examination. Thank you.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Good afternoon Mr. Moazzam. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not really cross-examination per se. I am not Defence Counsel at this point. I am amicus curiae. I am a friend of the court. So I suppose my

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task is to try to see if there are any further angles of your WHVWLPRQ\ WKDW ZRXOG EH RI XVH WR WKLV 7ULEXQDO 6R SOHDVH IHHO free to ask me to clarify if you are unsure about the purport of my question.

<RX ZHUH DW *XDQWDQDPR IRU TXLWH D ORQJ WLPH 'XULQJ \RXU VWD\ WKHUH \RX GLG PDNH IULHQGV ZLWK VRPH RI WKH JXDUGV \HV" Moazzam Begg: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s correct.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: &RXOG \RX WHOO XV D OLWWOH ELW DERXW WKDW" 15

Moazzam Begg: 0RVW RI P\ WLPH VSHQW LQ VROLWDU\ FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW DQG WKDW PHDQV EHLQJ LQ D WLQ\ OLWWOH URRP LQ ZKLFK WKHUH LV DQ HYHQ WLQLHU FHOO 7KHUH LV QR YLVLRQ RXWVLGH RI WKDW FHOO H[FHSW IRU ZKDWÂˇV LPPHGLDWHO\ LQ IURQW RI \RX $QG ZKDW ZDV LPPHGLDWHO\ LQ IURQW RI PH ZHUH WKH JXDUGV RU WKH JXDUG DW DQ\ JLYHQ WLPH WKDW ZDV WDVNHG ZLWK ZDWFKLQJ PH

6RPH RI WKHVH JXDUGV , JRW LQWR FRQYHUVDWLRQ ZLWK DQG GLVFXVVLRQ ZLWK WKLV ZDV DJDLQVW WKH UXOHV 7KH FULPH ZRXOG be â&#x20AC;&#x153;fraternization with the enemyâ&#x20AC;? had they been caught.

So this is something that I did do and maintained relationships ZLWK VRPH RI WKHVH VROGLHUV ZKR ZRXOG WHOO PH KRZ WKH\ GLVDJUHHG ZLWK *XDQWDQDPR GLVDJUHHG ZLWK WKH ZDU ZHUH V\PSDWKHWLF WR ZKDW ZDV RXU SOLJKW DQG , KDYH VWLOO PDLQWDLQHG UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWK VRPH RI WKHVH VROGLHUV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG WKHVH VROGLHUV ZHUH $PHULFDQV"

Moazzam Begg: 7KHVH VROGLHUV ZHUH $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV Jason Kay Kit Leon: :RXOG \RX YLVLW $PHULFD QRZ"

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117

Moazzam Begg: /HW PH MXVW JLYH \RX DQ H[DPSOH , ZDV LQYLWHG WR JR WR Canada about 5 months ago by the family of a young boy in *XDQWDQDPR ZKRÂˇV VWLOO WKHUH ZKRÂˇV QR ORQJHU D \RXQJ ER\ His name is Omar Khadr. :KHQ , Ă&#x20AC;UVW VDZ KLP LQ %DJUDP KHÂˇG EHHQ VKRW LQ KLV H\H +H KDG D KXJH H[LW ZRXQG IURP KLV VKRXOGHU DQG IURP KLV FKHVW +H ZDV \HDUV ROG DW WKH WLPH +HÂˇV QRZ \HDUV ROG +H LV D &DQDGLDQ FLWL]HQ WKH RQO\ :HVWHUQHU OHIW LQ *XDQWDQDPR +LV IDPLO\ LQ &DQDGD DVNHG PH WR FRPH DQG YLVLW DV GLG WKH IDPLO\ RI 0DKHU $UDU ZKR LV WKH &DQDGLDQ 6\ULDQ ZKR ZDV rendered from America to Syria and received a ÂŁ10 million payout and an apology from the Canadian government for complicity in torture. :KHQ , DUULYHG LQ &DQDGD , ZDV JUHHWHG E\ SROLFH RQ WKH DHURSODQH ZKR WRRN PH RÍż WKH WKH DHURSODQH DQG WROG PH WKDW , FDQQRW EH DOORZHG LQWR &DQDGD DQG WKH\ JDYH PH D OLVW DQG D UHDVRQ ZK\ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW RI ZKLFK EHFDXVH , ZDV D IRUPHU *XDQWDQDPR SULVRQHU PHDQLQJ WKDW LW ZDV WRR FORVH WR FRPH to America for Canada to let me in. 6R DOWKRXJK , ZRXOG EH UHDG\ WR JR WR $PHULFD DQG , KDYH GRQH PDQ\ YLGHR FRQIHUHQFHV ZLWK $PHULFD DQG $PHULFDQV KDYH FRPH WR P\ KRXVH LQFOXGLQJ IRUPHU VROGLHUV DQG JXDUGVPHQ , GRQÂˇW WKLQN WKDW WKH JHVWXUH ZRXOG EH UHFLSURFDEOH ULJKW QRZ

Jason Kay Kit Leon: /HWÂˇV WDON D OLWWOH ELW DERXW *XDQWDQDPR 7KH FRQGLWLRQV ZHUH , VXSSRVH DV \RX SUREDEO\ KDYH VDLG LQ WKH SDVW â&#x20AC;&#x153;a bit better than Bagram.â&#x20AC;? %DJUDP ZDV EDG DQG *XDQWDQDPR ZDV

Moazzam Begg: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s correct. Jason Kay Kit Leon: %DJUDP ZDV D SULVRQ *XDQWDQDPR ZDV D SULVRQ WRR

Moazzam Begg: Correct.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: , GR DSRORJLVH , VXSSRVHG WKH HOHSKDQW LQ WKH URRP ULJKW QRZ is the question that Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m trying to ask but not ask. Please feel IUHH WR DQVZHU RU QRW DQVZHU $UH \RX D PHPEHU RI $O 4DHGD"

Moazzam Begg: 7KH DQVZHU RI FRXUVH WR WKDW LV 1R ,Â·P QRW $QG LI , KDG EHHQ , GRQÂ·W WKLQN WKDW WKH %ULWLVK JRYHUQPHQW ZRXOG KDYH VHWWOHG ZLWK PH RXW RI FRXUW 10

Jason Kay Kit Leon: -XVW IRU IRUPDOLW\ VDNH :HUH \RX D PHPEHU RI $O 4DHGD" Moazzam Begg: , KDYH QHYHU EHHQ D PHPEHU RI $O 4DHGD DQG QHYHU KDYH EHHQ DQG QHYHU ZLOO EH Jason Kay Kit Leon: :H UHDG IURP \RXU GHFODUDWLRQ WKDW \RX ZHQW WR $IJKDQLVWDQ WR RSHQ XS D VFKRRO IRU JLUOV DQG WKDWÂ·V EDVLFDOO\ ZKHUH \RXU WHVWLPRQ\ VWDUWV DQG WKDWÂ·V ZD\ LQWR \RXU DGXOW OLIH ZKHUH \RX KDYH PDUULHG DQG \RX EURXJKW \RXU FKLOGUHQ DORQJ ZLWK \RX WR $IJKDQLVWDQ $UH \RX D WHDFKHU E\ SURIHVVLRQ RU FRXOG \RX WHOO XV D OLWWOH ELW DERXW \RXU OLIH EHIRUH"

Moazzam Begg: I had begun a project to build a school in Afghanistan this ZDV ZHOO EHIRUH , ZHQW WKHUH $QG ZKDW ZDV YHU\ LQWHUHVWLQJ WR PH ZDV WKDW DW WKH WLPH LW ZDV VDLG WKDW WKH 7DOLEDQ GLG QRW DOORZ HGXFDWLRQ IRU IHPDOHV 7KH NQRZOHGJH , KDG ZDV WR WKH contrary. :KDW , XQGHUVWRRG DQG ZKDW ODWHU , SUDFWLFHG ZDV WKDW WKH\ GLG DOORZ IHPDOH HGXFDWLRQ WKH\ MXVW GLGQÂ·W ZDQW LW WR EH GRQH E\ SDUWLFXODU :HVWHUQ QDWLRQV 7KH\ GLGQÂ·W DOORZ :HVWHUQ QDWLRQV WR PDLQWDLQ RU GLFWDWH KRZ WKH\ ZDQWHG WR UXQ WKHLU FRXQWU\ 6R LW ZDV FOHDU WKDW ZKHQ , EHJXQ WKLV SURMHFW ZH KDG SHUPLVVLRQV ZH ERXJKW VFKRRO HTXLSPHQW FRPSXWHUV ERRNV ZH KDG V\OODEXVHV SOD\JURXQG HTXLSPHQW YHKLFOHV WKDW ZRXOG take girls from their homes to the school and back.

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$OVR , ZDV LQYROYHG LQ D SURMHFW WR EXLOG ZHOOV LQ WKH GURXJKW VWULFNHQ UHJLRQV RI WKH QRUWK ZHVW DQG VR WKDW LV VRPHWKLQJ WKDW , ZDV LQYROYHG LQ EHIRUH , ZHQW

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG KRZ PDQ\ ZHUH ZLWK \RX LQ \RXU SURMHFW WR EXLOG WKH VFKRRO"

Moazzam Begg: +RZ PDQ\ SHRSOH" 1XPHURXV SHRSOH Jason Kay Kit Leon: Give or take about ...

Moazzam Begg: <RX KDYH WR XQGHUVWDQG SHRSOH ZHUH KHOSLQJ IURP GLÍ¿HUHQW SDUWV RI WKH ZRUOG Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2I FRXUVH %XW WKH DFWXDO SK\VLFDO SHUVRQV WKDW ZHUH WKHUH DVVLVWLQJ \RX DQG \RXU ZLIH" Moazzam Begg: 7KHUH ZHUH SHRSOH UXQQLQJ WKH VFKRRO 7KHUH ZHUH WHDFKHUV DERXW RU VR WHDFKHU WKHUH ZHUH FDUHWDNHUV WKHUH ZDV headmistress and so forth. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG IXQGV ZHUH VRXUFHG IURP YDULRXV VRXUFHV"

Moazzam Begg: 7KDWÂ·V ULJKW \HV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $URXQG WKH ZRUOG" Moazzam Begg: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s right.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $JDLQ DQRWKHU HOHSKDQW LQ WKH URRP :HUH DQ\ RI WKRVH IXQGV IURP $O 4DHGD"

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Moazzam Begg: ,I WKH\ ZHUH , KDYH QR LGHD WKDW WKH\ ZHUH , MXVW NQRZ WKDW WKH IXQGV ZHUH IRU WKH VFKRRO $QG WKH VFKRRO ZDV EXLOW LW ZDV XS LW ZDV UXQQLQJ

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG KRZ ORQJ ZDV WKH VFKRRO LQ RSHUDWLRQ" Moazzam Begg: 7KH VFKRROÂ·V LQ RSHUDWLRQ , WKLQN IRU DW OHDVW \HDUV RU VR VR DERXW D \HDU EHIRUH , ZDV DFWXDOO\ WKHUH $QG WKH VFKRRO , EHOLHYH ZDV DOVR KLW E\ FUXLVH PLVVLOH DQG GHVWUR\HG 7KDQNIXOO\ QR FKLOGUHQ ZHUH NLOOHG Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX DUH D %ULWLVK FLWL]HQ DQG VR LV \RXU ZLIH DQG FKLOGUHQ <RX ZHQW WR $IJKDQLVWDQ IRU WKLV SXUSRVH WR EXLOG WKH VFKRRO $QG RI FRXUVH WKLV ZDV SRVW 6HSWHPEHU 6HSWHPEHU KDSSHQHG and then ...

Moazzam Begg: 1R , ZHQW WKHUH EHIRUH 6HSWHPEHU Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KHQ 6HSWHPEHU KDSSHQHG :HUH \RX DZDUH RI WKH QHZV DW WKDW WLPH"

Moazzam Begg: $ERXW 6HSWHPEHU " 30

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Yes. Moazzam Begg: 1RW LPPHGLDWHO\ EHFDXVH ZH GLGQÂ·W KDYH D WHOHYLVLRQ EXW I did hear on that there had been an attack on the United States. I just didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s magnitude or capacity until later on. Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ GLG \RX NHHS XS ZLWK FXUUHQW DÍ¿DLUV" 6KRUWZDYH UDGLR"

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121

Moazzam Begg: Radio mostly. Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ZHUH DZDUH WKDW WKHUH ZHUH RYHUWXUHV EHLQJ PDGH WR HQWHU $IJKDQLVWDQ DW WKH WLPH EXW \RX NHSW VWD\LQJ WKHUH" Moazzam Begg: )RU D IHZ ZHHNV ZH GLG 7KHUH ZDV QR HYLGHQFH WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ZDV JRLQJ WR GR ZKDW LW GLG 7KHUH ZDV QR HYLGHQFH WKDW WKH\ ZHUH JRLQJ WR EH GURSSLQJ SRXQG ERPEV RQ YLOODJHV 7KHUH ZDV QR HYLGHQFH WKDW WKH\ ZHUH JRLQJ WR EH Ã&#x20AC;ULQJ FUXLVH PLVVLOHV RU FOXVWHU ERPEV RU SKRVSKRUXV ERPEV 7KHUH ZDV QR HYLGHQFH RI WKLV VR , IHOW UHODWLYHO\ LW ZDV VWLOO VDIH SHRSOH ZHUHQÂ·W OHDYLQJ WKH FRXQWU\ HQ PDVVH DQG WKH\ GLGQÂ·W XQWLO WKRVH ERPEV VWDUWHG UDLQLQJ GRZQ RQ RXU KRPHV Jason Kay Kit Leon: :DV LW WRR ODWH WR OHDYH WKHQ"

Moazzam Begg: 1R LW ZDVQÂ·W DQG ZH GLGQÂ·W

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH \RX ZDWHU ERDUGHG" Moazzam Begg: 1R , ZDVQÂ·W ZDWHU ERDUGHG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ZHUH ERUQ LQ WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP Moazzam Begg: <HV IRU P\ VLQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX VSHQW WKH PDMRULW\ RI \RXU FKLOGKRRG WKHUH RU "

Moazzam Begg: <HV , VSHQW DOO RI P\ FKLOGKRRG LQ WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP , VSHQW P\ HDUO\ \HDUV VWXG\LQJ DW D -HZLVK SULPDU\ VFKRRO DQG WKHQ later at a Christian secondary school.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KHUHDIWHU ZKDW ZDV \RXU RFFXSDWLRQ RU GLG \RX VWXG\ ZKDW GLG \RX GR DIWHU VFKRRO"

Moazzam Begg: , KDG YDULRXV MREV , VWXGLHG ODZ IRU D IHZ \HDUV , ZRUNHG RQ KXPDQLWDULDQ SURMHFWV LQ %RVQLD , ZRUNHG IRU P\ IDWKHU , ZRUNHG IRU GLÍżHUHQW RUJDQLVDWLRQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RXU IDWKHU ZDV D EDQNHU

Moazzam Begg: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s right. 15

Jason Kay Kit Leon: You did make a trip to Afghanistan before this school for girlsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; SURMHFW" Moazzam Begg: &RUUHFW , GLG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: &RXOG \RX WHOO XV D OLWWOH ELW DERXW WKDW" 25

Moazzam Begg: <HV , ZHQW LQ WR 3DNLVWDQ DQG , ZHQW ZLWK WKH 3DNLVWDQL group â&#x20AC;&#x153;Jamaat-e-Islamiâ&#x20AC;? ZKLFK LV WKH WKLUG ODUJHVW SROLWLFDO RUJDQL]DWLRQ LQ 3DNLVWDQ WR $IJKDQLVWDQ ZKHUH WKHUH ZDV D FDPS WKHUH WKDW ZDV D WUDLQLQJ FDPS UXQ E\ WKH .DVKPLUL PLOLWDQWV DQG , YLVLWHG WKHUH IRU DERXW D ZHHN RU VR DQG , returned. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , GR VXSSRVH \RX GR UHDOLVH WKDW VXFK YLVLW ZRXOG FDXVH VRPH TXHVWLRQ WR EH DVNHG DQG ,ÂˇP VXUH WKH\ KDYH EHHQ DVNHG before. Moazzam Begg: 7KH\ KDYH EHHQ %XW , NQRZ WKDW WKLV ZDV VRPHWKLQJ WKDW , RÍżHUHG WR WKH $PHULFDQV DQG LQ WKHLU LJQRUDQFH RU PRUH GLVWXUELQJO\ LQ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH ZKHQ WKH\ ZURWH WKLV

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

123

FRQIHVVLRQ WKDW WKH\ SURGXFHG WR PH WKH\ VDLG WKDW , YLVLWHG Al-Qaedaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x153;Jamaat-e-Islamiâ&#x20AC;? WUDLQLQJ FDPS $QG WKLV ZDV YHU\ SXUSRVHIXO SOD\LQJ WR DQ DXGLHQFH WKDW ZRXOG EH LJQRUDQW HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV EHFDXVH $O 4DHGD LV D QDPH , GRQÂˇW WKLQN DQ\ERG\ KHDUG RI LQ DQG FHUWDLQO\ LWÂˇV QRW part of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Jamaat-e-Islamiâ&#x20AC;? DQG QHYHU KDV EHHQ Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX KDG D ERRNVWRUH LQ %LUPLQJKDP"

Moazzam Begg: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s right.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: )RU KRZ ORQJ DQG FRXOG \RX WHOO XV DERXW LW" Moazzam Begg: , ZDV LQYROYHG LQ D ERRNVWRUH IRU DERXW \HDUV EHIRUH , OHIW WR go to Afghanistan.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :DV WKLV D UHOLJLRXV ERRN VWRUH RU "

Moazzam Begg: ,W VROG ,VODPLF ERRNV PRVWO\ \HV Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,ÂˇP PRYLQJ WRZDUGV WKH RI FRXUVH WKH LQFLGHQW ZKHUH WKHUH ZDV D UDLG RQ WKH FRXOG \RX WHOO XV DERXW LW"

Moazzam Begg: ,Q WKHUH ZDV D UDLG RQ WKH VKRS DQG WKH\ WRRN DZD\ VRPH LWHPV LW ZDV XQGHU WKH 7HUURULVP $FW DW WKH WLPH 7KH\ UHWXUQHG WKRVH LWHPV DIWHUZDUGV $QG , EHOLHYH WKLV ZDV WKH process in the end from the British intelligence services that ZDV KDQGHG RYHU WR WKH $PHULFDQV WKDW ODWHU MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG ZKDW they used to keep me in custody. Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,I \RX ZHUH DEOH WR VWHS RXW IURP \RXUVHOI , VXSSRVH VHH LW DV D WKLUG SHUVRQ \RXU VLWXDWLRQ DQG \RXU H[SHULHQFHV DQG KRZ ZRXOG LW ORRN WR DQ $PHULFDQ ORRNLQJ DW \RXU OLIH"

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Moazzam Begg: :HOO , WKLQN FOHDUO\ DIWHU 6HSWHPEHU KDSSHQHG WKH 8QLWHG States needed to react. It needed to protect itself. It needed to secure the safety of its citizens and so forth. And in that UHJDUG LW ZRXOG QRW EH VXUSULVLQJ WR VSHDN WR VRPHRQH OLNH me or somebody in a similar situation. +RZHYHU DV ,ÂˇYH VDLG EHIRUH ,ÂˇYH QHYHU EHHQ WR $PHULFD America has been to me. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do anything to America and I have never been accused of having done anything to $PHULFD ,ÂˇYH QHYHU KDUPHG DQ $PHULFDQ EXW $PHULFD KDV harmed me. And the evidence for that is in my children. My \RXQJHVW FKLOG ZDV ERUQ ZKHQ , ZDV VWLOO LQ %DJUDP SULVRQ , VDZ KLP IRU WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WLPH LQ P\ OLIH ZKHQ KH ZDV \HDUV ROG +H GLGQÂˇW NQRZ ZKDW D IDWKHU ZDV DQG , GLGQÂˇW NQRZ ZKR KH ZDV XQWLO WKDW DJH :KDW MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKH $PHULFDQV WR GR WKLV WR PH WR KLP PRUH LPSRUWDQWO\" :KDW MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;HV WKHP WR GR WKLV WR RWKHU SHRSOH" ,I WKH\ ZDQWHG WR VSHDN WR PH WKHUH LV D SURFHVV WKDW WKH $PHULFDQV FODLP WR SURMHFW WR WKH UHVW RI WKH ZRUOG 7KDW LV NQRZQ DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;due processâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;the rule of law.â&#x20AC;? ,I \RX ZDQW WR VSHDN WR VRPHERG\ \RX FDQ DUUHVW WKHP \RX FDQ FRPH WR somebodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house and ask to speak to them. You can try to HQJDJH LQ D GLVFXVVLRQ ZLWK WKHP %XW ZKDW \RX GRQÂˇW GR LV WLH WKHP SXQFK WKHP NLFN WKHP UDSH WKHP EHDW WKHP DEXVH WKHP GHQ\ WKHP DFFHVV WR OHJDO SURFHVV WDNH WKHP WR D SODFH ZKHUH WKH ODZ GRHV QRW DSSO\ OLNH *XDQWDQDPR HYHQ WKRXJK WKH ODZ DSSOLHV WR DQ LJXDQD ZKLFK is a reptile that is protected under the (QGDQJHUHG 6SHFLHV $FW QR KXPDQ EHLQJ ZKR LV GUHVVHG LQ RUDQJH LV SURWHFWHG WKHUH under any Act at all. 6R , FRXOG XQGHUVWDQG WKHP ZDQWLQJ WR VSHDN WR PH DQG D ZKROH KRVW RI RWKHU SHRSOH %XW GRLQJ WKLV LI , ZDV WR KDYH done that to an individual; if I decided as an individual that , ZDQW WR VSHDN WR VRPHERG\ DQG , ZDQW WR NLGQDS KLP DQG , ZDQW WR SXQLVK KLP DQG WRUWXUH KLP DQG WKHQ TXHVWLRQ KLP , ZRXOG EH FKDUJHG ZLWK DOO PDQQHU RI FULPHV IURP IDOVH LPSULVRQPHQW WR NLGQDS WR WRUWXUH DQG VR IRUWK -XVW EHFDXVH

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D 6WDWH GRHV LW LW GRHVQ·W PHDQ WKDW WKH\ DUH LPPXQH IURP SURVHFXWLRQ RU WKH\ VKRXOGQ·W EH Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RX ZHUH QRW UDSHG DW *XDQWDQDPR ULJKW" Moazzam Begg: ,W GHSHQGV RQ \RXU GHÀQLWLRQ RI UDSH

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH QRUPDO GHÀQLWLRQ Moazzam Begg: 6X΀FH WR VD\ WKDW WKLQJV ZHUH SODFHG ZKHUH WKH\ VKRXOGQ·W have been. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , MXVW KDYH IHZ WKLQJV IRU \RX WR FODULI\ RU FRQÀUP RU GHQ\ or extend upon.

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'HWDLQHHV DUH RͿHUHG XS WR FDORULHV D GD\ )RRG ZDV IRRG ZDV JLYHQ HYHU\ GD\ WR GHWDLQHHV"

Moazzam Begg: , WKLQN LW·V LPSRUWDQW WKDW ZKHQ \RX·UH ORRNLQJ DW *XDQWDQDPR \RX KDYH WR UHFRJQLVH WKDW HYHU\WKLQJ WKDW·V WUXH WRGD\ ZDVQ·W QHFHVVDULO\ WUXH \HVWHUGD\ RU \HVWHU\HDU RU \HDUV EHIRUH $QG ZH KDYH WR UHPHPEHU WKDW *XDQWDQDPR KDV EHHQ LQ H[LVWHQFH IRU \HDUV D GHFDGH 6RPH RI WKH SHRSOH LQ WKLV URRP ZRXOG KDYH HLWKHU EHHQ YHU\ \RXQJ FKLOGUHQ ZKHQ LW ÀUVW RSHQHG :H FDQ DOO UHPHPEHU ZKDW ZH ZHUH GRLQJ years ago. 6R DOO RYHU WKLV SHULRG *XDQWDQDPR·V JRQH WKURXJK LWV ZRUVW SRLQW WR LW·V QRZ EHWWHU $QG , ZDQW WR MXVW TXRWH WR \RX WKH ZRUGV RI 0DOFROP ; EHFDXVH LW·V UHDOO\ SRLJQDQW KHUH “You

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GRQÂˇW WDNH D NQLIH SXW LW LQ D PDQÂˇV EDFN LQFKHV GHHS SXOO LW EDFN LQFKHV DQG VD\ Âś:HÂˇUH PDNLQJ SURJUHVVÂˇ Âľ

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2QO\ GXULQJ WKH WLPH \RX ZHUH GHWDLQHG WKHUH ZKHQ \RX ZHUH D GHWDLQHH LQ *XDQWDQDPR FRXOG \RX FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP :DV IRRG VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQWO\ JLYHQ WR \RX"

Moazzam Begg: $JDLQ LW YDULHV IURP WKH HDUO\ GD\V WR WKH ODWHU GD\V 6R LQ WKH HDUO\ GD\V LW ZDVQÂˇW VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW ,Q WKH HDUO\ GD\V LW ZDV RIWHQ XQFRRNHG RIWHQ QRW HQRXJK 2IWHQ EHLQJ D 0XVOLP , GLGQÂˇW NQRZ LI LW ZDV KDODO RU QRW 6RPHWLPHV LW ZDV ZH ZHUH JLYHQ 05(V PHDOV UHDG\ WR HDW ZKLFK DUH PLOLWDU\ UDWLRQ SDFNV ZKLFK ZHUH FOHDUO\ KDUDP ZKLFK ZHUH FOHDUO\ QRW VXLWDEOH IRU 0XVOLPV EXW ZH ZHUH JLYHQ WKH FKRLFH RI HLWKHU HDWLQJ WKHP or starving.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: %XW RI FRXUVH WKDW ZRXOG EH WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI â&#x20AC;&#x153;daruratâ&#x20AC;? ... emergency. Would it fall under â&#x20AC;&#x153;emergencyâ&#x20AC;?? 30

Moazzam Begg: , JXHVV DV EHLQJ VRPHERG\ ZKRÂˇV QHYHU KDG WR HDW DQ\WKLQJ OLNH WKDW LWÂˇV D VWDUN FKRLFH Jason Kay Kit Leon: <HV RI FRXUVH Moazzam Begg: VRPHERG\ SUHVHQWV WR \RX D SRUN DQG VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;You either eat, or you starve.â&#x20AC;? $QG DOWKRXJK WKH ODZ RI QHFHVVLW\ GRHV DSSO\ itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s one that I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think anybody in this room has yet faced.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2QH RI WKH WKLQJV WKDW ZDV VDLG LV WKDW WKHUH ZDV DQ DYHUDJH ZHLJKW JDLQ IRU GHWDLQHHV :KHQ \RX ZHUH UHOHDVHG GLG \RX JDLQ ZHLJKW RU ZDV LW OHVV RU "

Moazzam Begg: :H GLGQ·W KDYH WKH OX[XU\ RI ZHLJKLQJ VFDOHV DV SDUW RI SULVRQHU HTXLSPHQW VR , GRQ·W NQRZ KRZ WKH\ FDPH WR WKDW FRQFOXVLRQ , FDQ RQO\ VD\ WKDW RI FRXUVH ZKHQ , OHIW *XDQWDQDPR WKDW \RX FDQ VHH SLFWXUHV RI PH DQG \RX FDQ VHH KRZ , DP QRZ 7KHUH ZDVQ·W D KXJH GLͿHUHQFH ,·P QRW D very big person. %XW WKH SURRI ZRXOG EH LQ PDQ\ RWKHU SHRSOH ZKHUH \RX FDQ VHH WKDW WKH\ KDYH ORVW PRUH WKDQ KDOI WKHLU ERG\ ZHLJKW ,W LV WUXH WKDW WKHUH·V VRPH SHRSOH KDYH SXW RQ ZHLJKW %XW WKDW LV EDVHG RQ VWDWLVWLFV RI SHRSOH IRU H[DPSOH ZKR KDYH KDG RQH OHJ DPSXWDWHG WKDW WKH\ FDQ·W ZDON WKDW WKH\ FDQ·W PRYH WKDW WKH\ DUH LQ D WLQ\ OLWWOH FHOO ZKHUH PRYHPHQW LV UHVWULFWHG WR VWHSV IRUZDUG VWHSV EDFN 7KHUH LV QR RWKHU PRYHPHQW DUHD 6R LQ D SODFH OLNH WKDW \RX ZRXOG SXW RQ ZHLJKW EHFDXVH \RX can’t exercise. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH FDOO WR SUD\HU ZDV LW VRXQGHG" :HUH WKHUH FDOOV WR SUD\HU WLPHV D GD\ GXULQJ WKH WLPH \RX ZHUH WKHUH" Moazzam Begg: :HOO , ZRXOG VD\ “Yes,” EHFDXVH LI , FDOOHG P\ RZQ FDOO WR SUD\HU WKHQ , ZRXOG EH WKH RQH GRLQJ LW :KDW , GLGQ·W NQRZ KRZHYHU HVSHFLDOO\ LQ VROLWDU\ FRQÀQHPHQW LV WKDW ZKDW WKH WLPHV ZHUH 6R LQ WKH DEVHQFH RI QDWXUDO OLJKW ZKLFK IRU \HDUV WKHUH ZDV QRQH LQ &DPS (FKR VROLWDU\ FRQÀQHPHQW , GLGQ·W NQRZ ZKDW WLPH WKH SUD\HU WLPHV ZHUH , GLGQ·W NQRZ ZKHQ 5DPDGKDQ FDPH DQG ZHQW , GLGQ·W NQRZ ZKHQ (LG FDPH DQG ZHQW XQOHVV WKHUH ZDV D GHFHQW VROGLHU ZKR KDSSHQHG WR WHOO PH GHVSLWH WKH LQIUDFWLRQ RI WKH UXOHV Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH WKHUH DUURZV SRLQWLQJ WRZDUGV 0HFFD LQ \RXU FHOO"

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Moazzam Begg: 7KHUH ZHUH DUURZV SRLQWLQJ WRZDUGV ZKDW ZHÂ·UH WROG ZDV Mecca.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ DERXW GHQWDO PHGLFDO SV\FKLDWULF FDUH :HUH \RX JLYHQ PHGLFDO FDUH"

Moazzam Begg: I gave an example earlier on about psychiatric care. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve never QHHGHG SV\FKLDWULF FDUH XQWLO , ZHQW WR *XDQWDQDPR $QG , ZDV YLVLWHG WKHUH WZLFH E\ SV\FKLDWULVWV RQH ZKR VXJJHVWHG WR me a tangible method of suicide. And people in Guantanamo have DOOHJHGO\ committed suicide.

,Q WHUPV RI WKH PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW WKHUH ZDV PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW WKHUH , VWLOO KDYH D Ã&#x20AC;OOLQJ LQ P\ PRXWK WKDW ZDV JLYHQ WR PH LQ *XDQWDQDPR 7KH ZD\ WKDW KDSSHQHG ZDV WKDW , ZDV WDNHQ DQG SXW LQWR WKH GHQWLVW FKDLU P\ OHJV ZHUH VKDFNOHG P\ KDQGV ZHUH VKDFNOHG P\ KHDG ZDV UHVWUDLQHG DQG WKHQ WKH\ RSHUDWHG RQ P\ WHHWK 6R \HV WKHUH ZDV PHGLFDO FDUH EXW WKDWÂ·V WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK LW ZDV FRQGXFWHG Jason Kay Kit Leon: Books and television: Were those available to solitary FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW GHWDLQHHV VXFK DV \RXUVHOI" Moazzam Begg: 7KHUH ZDV QR WHOHYLVLRQ 7KHUH ZHUH VRPH ERRNV 7KH ERRNV ZHUH PRVWO\ th th FHQWXU\ (QJOLVK FODVVLFV VR , UHDG PRUH &KDUOHV 'LFNHQV WKHUH WKDQ , GLG DQ\ZKHUH HOVH %XW WKHUH ZDV QR FXUUHQW DÍ¿DLUV LQIRUPDWLRQ WKHUH ZHUH QR QHZVSDSHUV WKHUH ZDV QR UDGLRV QR YLVLWV QR SKRQH FDOOV QRQH RI WKRVH EDVLF WKLQJV WKDW ZRXOG EH DÍ¿RUGHG WR WKH ZRUVW RI FRQYLFWHG prisoners.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: %HFDXVH WKH\ GLG VD\ KHUH WKH PRVW UHTXHVWHG ERRN ZDV +DUU\ 3RWWHU , VXSSRVH \RX ZRXOGQÂ·W UHDG LW LI \RX KDG WR" 40

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Moazzam Begg: <HV , KDYH WR DGPLW RQH RI P\ DGPLVVLRQV LV WKDW , GLG UHDG Harry Potter in Guantanamo.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KLFK ERRN" )LUVW VHFRQG WKLUG"

Moazzam Begg: 7KLV LV VRPH RI WKH ZRUVW DGPLVVLRQV ,ÂˇYH HYHU KDG WR PDNH EXW WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW Ă&#x20AC;YH Jason Kay Kit Leon: Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sorry. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not trying to make light of your experience Mr. 0RD]]DP , VXSSRVH IRU XV ZKR KDYH , VXSSRVH IRU PDQ\ RI XV ZKR KDYH QHYHU EHHQ GHWDLQHG RU EHHQ GHWDLQHG IRU VXFK D ORQJ SHULRG ZH ZRXOG DJUHH ZLWK \RXU DVVHVVPHQW WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;if the Americans said you probably did something or they detained you, there must have been something to it.â&#x20AC;? <RX DUH IULHQGV ZLWK VRPH RI WKH JXDUGV ZKR DUH $PHULFDQV WLOO WKLV GD\" Moazzam Begg: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $UH \RX DQJU\ DW $PHULFD WKH FRXQWU\ RU $PHULFD WKH SHRSOH" :KDW LV LW WKDW <RX GR NQRZ \RX FDQÂˇW WDU HYHU\RQH ZLWK WKH VDPH EUXVK ,WÂˇV QRW ULJKW :KDW ZRXOG \RX KRZ DUH \RXU :KDW DUH \RXU WKRXJKWV" +RZ DUH \RX WKRXJKWV RQ WKLV"

Moazzam Begg: :HOO ZKHQ , UHWXUQHG IURP *XDQWDQDPR P\ IDPLO\ WROG PH WKDW ,ÂˇYH GHYHORSHG DQ $PHULFDQ DFFHQW ZKLFK ZDV \RX NQRZ %XW LQ DOO VHULRXVQHVV P\ IHHOLQJV WRZDUGV $PHULFD DUH YHU\ mixed and ambivalent.

, GR QRW DJUHH DQG GR QRW VXSSRUW LQ DQ\ ZD\ DW DOO WKH XVH RI WHUURULVP WR NLOO LQQRFHQW SHRSOH ZKHWKHU WKDWÂˇV E\ VXLFLGH bombers or by B-52 bombers. And I have seen plenty of that.

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I have been under American bombs. I have seen the results of it. $P , DQJU\" , WKLQN LI DQ\ERG\ ZDVQÂˇW DQJU\ WKHUHÂˇG EH VRPHWKLQJ ZURQJ ZLWK WKHP $ IHZ ZHHNV DJR , PHW ZLWK WKH Deputy Under Secretary for Homeland Security of the United 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD DQG DORQJ KLV VLGH ZDV D IRUPHU JHQHUDO DQG ERWK RI WKHVH ZHUH DSSRLQWHG E\ 3UHVLGHQW %XVK $QG WKH SXUSRVH RI WKLV ZDV WKH NQRZQ DV WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Task Force on Detainee Treatmentâ&#x20AC;? as part of something called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Constitution 3URMHFWÂľ ,I , IHOW WKLV VRUW RI DQLPRVLW\ WKH RQH WKDW \RX DUH VXJJHVWLQJ PD\ H[LVW WRZDUGV WKH $PHULFDQV , ZRXOGQÂˇW HQJDJH ZLWK VXFK SHRSOH DQG LI , GLG WKHQ , ZRXOGQÂˇW XVH WKDW WLPH WR WDON WR WKHP LI \RX XQGHUVWDQG ZKDW ,ÂˇP VD\LQJ

5DWKHU ZKDW , KDYH EHHQ GRLQJ LV DV ,ÂˇYH VDLG ,ÂˇYH LQYLWHG $PHULFDQV WR P\ KRPH 6RPH RI WKRVH $PHULFDQV ZKR ZHUH UHVSRQVLEOH RU DW OHDVW SDUWO\ SDUW RI WKH PDFKLQHU\ WKDW NHSW PH DZD\ IURP P\ FKLOGUHQ 7KHVH $PHULFDQV ZHUH LQ P\ KRXVH PHHWLQJ DQG WDONLQJ DQG SOD\LQJ ZLWK $V ,ÂˇYH VDLG WKDW , KDYH DQG ZH KDYH IRUPHU *XDQWDQDPR SULVRQHUV extended the hand of trying to understand to our American WRUPHQWRUV %XW WKH\ KDYH QRW \HW IRXQG LW ZLWKLQ WKHPVHOYHV WR UHFLSURFDWH (YHQ JRLQJ WR &DQDGD ZKLFK LV QRW $PHULFD is too much for them to accept. 6R P\ WKRXJKWV LQ UHODWLRQ WR $PHULFD DQG LWV IRUHLJQ SROLF\ DQG ZKDW LWÂˇV GRLQJ LV WKDW , DP UHDG\ WR IRUJLYH DQ\ $PHULFDQ ZKR DVNV PH IRU IRUJLYHQHVV IRU ZKDW WKH\ GLG WR PH , KDYH QR ULJKW KRZHYHU WR IRUJLYH RQ WKH EHKDOI RI DQ\ERG\ HOVH theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re still abusing. Jason Kay Kit Leon: :H DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU RXU DFWLRQV 2QH Ă&#x20AC;QDO TXHVWLRQ , FDQÂˇW UHPHPEHU WKH RULJLQV RI WKH TXRWH Â´:KHUH WKHUHÂˇV PXFK KDWH there was much love before.â&#x20AC;? I suppose the question that I am trying to ask is this: Do you LGHQWLI\ ZLWK WKH IHDU WKDW ZRXOG SURGXFH D UHDFWLRQ WKDW ZRXOG VD\ Â´/HWÂˇV FORVH DQ H\H WR WRUWXUH Âľ RU Â´/HWÂˇV QRW DVN WRR PXFK questions,â&#x20AC;? DQG \RX NQRZ WKDW VRUW RI WKLQJ $OO WKLV KDSSHQHG

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DIWHU RI FRXUVH &RXOG \RX XQGHUVWDQG ZKDW FRXOG KDYH EURXJKW VRPHRQH WR KDYH GRQH WKDW" Moazzam Begg: $UH \RX WDONLQJ DERXW " Jason Kay Kit Leon: (U QR 7RUWXUH

Moazzam Begg: ,ÂˇYH FRPH DFURVV PDQ\ SHRSOH ZKR , ZRXOG UHJDUG DV WRUWXUHUV LQ P\ OLIH $QG , ZDQW WR JLYH \RX WKH H[DPSOH RI RQH ZKR ZDV JLYHQ WZR QLFNQDPHV LQ %DJUDP +H ZDV FDOOHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;King of Tortureâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Monsterâ&#x20AC;?. +HÂˇV IHDWXUHG LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;OP FDOOHG Â´Taxi to the Dark Side,â&#x20AC;? VR ZKDW ,ÂˇP VD\LQJ WR \RX KHUH LV FKHFNDEOH +LV QDPH LV 'DPLHQ &RUVHWWL $QG KH ZDV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ RI PDQ\ SHRSOH LQFOXGLQJ RQH SULVRQHU ZKR WROG PH ZLWK KLV RZQ PRXWK WKDW &RUVHWWL WULHG WR UDSH KLP

&RUVHWWL IURP %DJUDP ZDV VHQW WR $EX *KUDLE DQG KHUHÂˇV WKH OLQN ,Q $EX *KUDLE KH ZDV EURXJKW XS IRU GHWDLQHH DEXVH DJDLQVW IHPDOHV +H ZDV DOVR SUHVHQW DW WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ RI WKLV young Canadian boy that I mentioned earlier on. 25

$QG LQ RU , UHFHLYHG D FRPPXQLFDWLRQ IURP KLV ODZ\HUV DVNLQJ ZKHWKHU , ZRXOG EH D FKDUDFWHU ZLWQHVV IRU KLP LQ WKH DEXVH FDVHV WKDW KH ZDV IDFLQJ EHFDXVH KH ZDV EHLQJ FKDUJHG ZLWK WKH DEXVH RI GHWDLQHHV LQ %DJUDP DQG $EX *KUDLE , ODWHU VSRNH WR KLP DQG , ZURWH DQ DUWLFOH DERXW WKLV LQ WKH %RVWRQ *OREH DQ RS HG DQG , VDLG WR KLP WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;You PXVW EH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU ZKDWHYHU DFWLRQV \RXÂˇYH GRQH EXW , NQRZ WKDW \RX GLGQÂˇW GR WKLV RQ \RXU RZQ 7KHUH ZDV D V\VWHP WKDW PDGH you do this.â&#x20AC;?

$QG DW WKH VDPH WLPH &RUVHWWL VDLG WR PH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Please forgive me. What I have become at Guantanamo was as a result of all of the propaganda I was being fed by my superiors and by my country, by my media and people in power. Meeting people like you has changed my life because I became one of the worst possible people and now I have done a 180Â° turn.â&#x20AC;?

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6R IURP KLV RZQ PRXWK DQG WKLV LV WKH PRXWK RI D SHUVRQ ZKRÂ·V LQ FKDUJH RI LQWHUURJDWLRQ LQ %DJUDP DQG $EX *KUDLE WKLQJV , WKLQN \RX DUH LQYHVWLJDWLQJ KHUH DQG ZKLOVW KH VD\V WKDW KH PD\ KDYH IHOW MXVWLÃ&#x20AC;HG WR GR LW LQ WKH EHJLQQLQJ KH UHDOLVHG ZKDW KH KDG EHFRPH DQG QRZ KHÂ·V VXÍ¿HUHG D VHULHV RI QHUYRXV EUHDNGRZQ DV D UHVXOW ,Q D VHQVH , ZDV WKH IRUPHU SULVRQHU DQG KH ZDV LQ D VWURQJHU SRVLWLRQ WKDQ PH %XW ZHÂ·YH FRPH RXW ZLWK KLP ZHDNHU DQG me stronger.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG \RX EHOLHYH ZKHQ KH VDLG WKDW" Moazzam Begg: , FDQ RQO\ WDNH KLP WR KLV ZRUG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG \RX EHFRPH D FKDUDFWHU ZLWQHVV IRU KLP" 20

Moazzam Begg: No. Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you Mr. Moazzam. No further questions. Gurdial Singh Nijar: , KDYH MXVW RQH RU WZR FODULÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV $OO WKHVH SURYLVLRQV RI ERRNV &KDUOHV 'LFNHQV DQG ZKDW KDYH \RX ,Q \RXU PLQG GLG LW H[WHQXDWH WKH NLQG RI EDUEDULVP WKH DFWV WKDW \RX KDYH GHVFULEHG" 'LG LW DWWHQXDWH IRU LW LQ DQ\ ZD\" 'LG LW GLPLQLVK LW" 'LG LW PDNH LW JR DZD\"

Moazzam Begg: , DJDLQ JLYH WKH H[DPSOH RI 0DOFROP ; RI D NQLIH LQ D SHUVRQÂ·V back 9 inches deep and pull it back 2 inches.

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV ,Â·P REOLJHG 10

Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

*****

08 May 2012 - Session 1 Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\ LW SOHDVH <RXU +RQRXUV WKH 3URVHFXWLRQ FRQWLQXHV LWV case today by calling the 3rd ZLWQHVV -DPHHODK $EEDV +DPHHGL IURP ,UDT %HIRUH WKDW ZH KDG RQ WKH nd RI 0D\ VHQW WR WKH 5HJLVWUDU DV ZHOO DV WKH 'HIHQFH WHDP DQ DPHQGPHQW WR SDUDJUDSK RI WKH &KDUJH DQG ZH KDYH WKH DPHQGPHQW WR DGG WKH QHZ H DV ZHOO DV WR DGG D QHZ SDUDJUDSK 16(e). These are particulars relating to the treatment received E\ WKH QH[W ZLWQHVV DQG , SUD\ WKDW WKHVH DPHQGPHQWV EH DOORZHG , XQGHUVWDQG WKDW , KDYH EHHQ JLYHQ DQ DGYDQFH intimation of the fact that the Defence has no objection to the proposed amendments.

Judge Alfred Webre: &RXQVHO , DP VSHDNLQJ RQ D PDWWHU WKDW KDV FRPH WR WKH DWWHQWLRQ RI WKH %HQFK DQG , DP VSHDNLQJ RQ EHKDOI RI WKH %HQFK 6LQFH ZH DUH QRZ LQ WKH SURFHVV RI ORRNLQJ DW WKH LVVXH RI DPHQGLQJ WKH FKDUJHV ZH ZDQWHG WR EULQJ WKLV PDWWHU WR your attention.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

:H UHFHLYHG WKLV PRUQLQJ WKH WUDQVFULSW RI WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW GD\ ,ÂˇP QRW VXUH LI \RXÂˇYH EHHQ JLYHQ D FRS\ RI WKDW $W SDJH WKLV LV LQ WKH WUDQVFULSWLRQ RI 3URIHVVRU %R\OHÂˇV SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG LW VWDWHV WKLV LV DV WR WKH WKHRU\ RI WKH SURVHFXWLRQÂˇV FDVH 3URIHVVRU %R\OH VWDWHV LWÂˇV DW WKH WRS RI WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW RYHUODSSLQJ SDUDJUDSK RI WKH ODVW SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Article 6 of the Nuremberg said..or conspiracy to commit any of..crime by any or execution of any crime.. especially the lawyers as well. They were all part of conspiracy, to torture, to violate the 4 Geneva Conventions 1949 all of which United States of America was a party to.â&#x20AC;?

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And if you go to the paragraph right before paragraph 8 on SDJH LW VD\V

â&#x20AC;&#x153;the lawyers, Alberto Gonzales, Counsel to the President; David Addington, General Counsel to the Vice-President; William Haynes, General Counsel to the Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld; Jay Bybee, Assistant Attorney-General and John Yoo, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, were complicit LQ WKDW WKH\ SURYLGHG WKH OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV for avoiding the obligations under the Convention Against Torture thereby facilitating the implementation of torture and inhuman conduct when it was plain that the advice they were giving was erroneous in law. They knew that their advice, if accepted would be acted upon.â&#x20AC;?

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VWDWHPHQW DQG RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG FRQVSLUDF\ GRHV QRW DSSHDU LQ WKH FKDUJHV WKH ZRUG , EHOLHYH â&#x20AC;&#x153;connivanceâ&#x20AC;? DSSHDUV ZKLFK D YDJXHU WHUP DQG ZKLFK FRXOG EH YXOQHUDEOH

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,WÂˇV QRW FOHDU ZKDW WKH WKHRU\ RI \RXU FDVH LV DW WKLV VWDJH IURP WKH FKDUJHV DQG IURP WKH RSHQLQJ VWDWHPHQW $QG VLQFH ZHÂˇUH DW WKH VWDJH QRZ ZKHUH \RXÂˇUH JRLQJ WR DPHQG WKH FKDUJHV LI \RX ZLVK WR DPHQG WKH FKDUJHV ZLWK UHJDUG WR GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH SULQFLSDOV DQG WKH ODZ\HUV WKLV ZRXOG EH DQ opportune time to do that. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK :H ZLOO FHUWDLQO\ GR WKDW :H ZLOO formulate the amendment before lunch and present it to the Bench. , MXVW ZDQWHG WR VD\ WKDW LW LV DOVR LQGLYLGXDO UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WKDW ZH DUH DWWDFKLQJ WR HDFK DQG HYHU\ RQH RI WKHP ,I ZH ORRN DW SDUDJUDSK RI WKH &KDUJH DW SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;All the Accused persons are individually responsible for the crimes alleged against them under this charge. The accused planned, ordered, committed, or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation, or execution of these crimes. None of the Accused persons personally participated in actual acts of torture and inhuman treatment of the victims but facilitated and directed the implementation of torture and inhuman treatment through issuing of memorandums, legal opinion ...â&#x20AC;? and so on

$QG WKHQ ZH GHDO ZLWK WKH ODZ\HUV DW SDUDJUDSK DQG WKHQ ZH GHDO DW SDUDJUDSK FRPPDQG UHVSRQVLELOLW\ Judge Alfred Webre: 6R VR EXW \RX ZLOO KDYH WR SURYH LQWHQW ZLWK UHJDUGV WR WKH ODZ\HUV

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: Yes. Judge Alfred Webre: 6R WKLV EULQJ WR D VHFRQG TXHVWLRQ WKDW KDV FRPH WR WKH DWWHQWLRQ RI WKH %HQFK $QG ZH KDYHQÂˇW VHHQ \RXU VXEPLVVLRQ \HW EXW VLQFH WKH ULJKW WR D IDLU WULDO LV FHQWUDO LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ VRPH SHRSOH VD\ LWÂˇV SDUW RI jus cogens DQG VRPH SHRSOH LV QRW TXLWH WKHUH RU LV FRPLQJ WR EH 7KLV LV D YHU\ LPSRUWDQW point as learned counsel Professor Boyle mentioned for the legal profession itself. Is the Prosecution planning to introduce the Zeliko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urdial Singh Nijar: :H JRW KROG RI WKH FRS\ MXVW EHIRUH WKH WULDO EHJDQ DQG ZH GR intend to introduce it as part of the submission. Judge Alfred Webre: 2ND\ JRRG 6R \RX ZLOO EH DPHQGLQJ WKH FKDUJHV DV WR 'R \RX LQWHQG WR SURFHHG RQ WKH WKHRU\ RI FRQVSLUDF\" Francis Boyle: 7KDQN \RX <RXU +RQRXUV <HV , ZDV TXRWLQJ RQ 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU $UWLFOH WR GHDO ZLWK WKH ODZ\HUV %XVK &KHQH\ 5XPVIHOG DUH GLUHFWO\ LQ WKH FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG 7KH ODZ\HUV DUH QRW 6R ZKDW WKDW PHDQV LV WKDW XQGHU 1XUHPEHUJ $UWLFOH WKH ODZ\HUV ZRXOG TXDOLI\ DV ,ÂˇYH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;instigators and accomplices participating in a formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes.â&#x20AC;?

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ODZ\HUV DV GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG E\ WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU MXGJPHQW DQG principles. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKH RWKHU SRLQW WKDW EH PDGH LQ UHJDUG WR WKH ODZ\HUV LV WKDW ZH ZLOO EH TXRWLQJ D MXGJH H[SHULHQFHG LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPLQDO FDVHV ZKLFK KDV EHHQ LQWHUYLHZHG E\ 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV ZKRVH QDPH LV DQRQ\PRXV KLV QDPH KDV EHHQ ZLWKKHOG E\ UHTXHVW DQG WKLV HÍżHFW LV WKDW DQG , ZLOO EH TXRWLQJ WKLV â&#x20AC;&#x153;the legal advisors, they have opened the doors of abuse or even torture LQ WKH XVH RI WHFKQLTXHV RI LQWHUURJDWLRQ RQ VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F LQGLYLGXDOV WKHQ in theory the responsibility will go back to the author of the legal advice on which the general counsel and the decision maker have relied.â&#x20AC;?

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$QG WKLV LV D NLQG RI D MRLQW FULPLQDO HQWHUSULVH 6R ZH ZLOO also be relying on this concept of a joint criminal enterprise ZKLFK ZDV HODERUDWHG LQ WKH FDVH WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO 7ULEXQDO IRU WKH H[ <XJRVODYLD ZKHUH WKH\ VDLG YHU\ FOHDUO\ LQ WKHLU MXGJPHQW DQG , ZLOO EH TXRWLQJ LQ P\ Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQ RQ WKLV SRLQW DIWHU ZH KDYH DGGXFHG WKH HYLGHQFH â&#x20AC;&#x153;A joint criminal enterprise exists where there is understanding or arrangement amounting to an agreement between two or more persons that they will commit a crime. The understanding or arrangement need not be expressed, and its existence maybe inferred from all the circumstances. It need not have been reached at any time before the crime has been committed. The circumstances in which two or more persons are participating together in the commission of a particular crime may themselves establish an unspoken understanding or arrangement amounting to an

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agreement formed between them then and there to commit a crime.â&#x20AC;? $FWXDOO\ ZH DUH JRLQJ RQ EH\RQG WKH TXHVWLRQ RI D NLQG RI FRQVSLUDF\ ,Q RWKHU ZRUGV , WKLQN RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKLV ODZ EHFDXVH ZH GR DSSUHFLDWH FRQVSLUDF\ ZRXOG UHTXLUH D SUH DUUDQJHPHQW DQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG WKH RQXV DV <RXU +RQRXU KDV SRLQWHG RXW IRU WKH LQJUHGLHQWV LV TXLWH KHDY\

6R ZH ZDQWHG WR UHO\ RQ WKLV OLQH RI DXWKRULW\ WR VKRZ YHU\ FOHDUO\ WKH\ DUH SULQFLSDOO\ OLDEOH WKH\ NQHZ ZKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ DQG WKLV DPRXQWV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DV HVWDEOLVKHG WR D MRLQW HQWHUSULVH ZKLFK FDQ EH IRUPHG MXVW E\ WKH IDFW of your memorandums and your advice being acted upon DQG FRQWLQXHG WR EH DFWHG XSRQ %XW ZH ZLOO GHDO ZLWK WKH FRQVSLUDF\ DV ZHOO DQG IRUPXODWH DFFRUGLQJO\ VR DW OHDVW LW covers all our bases in accordance to the guidance provided by Your Honour.

7KH RUGHU LQ ZKLFK ZH SURSRVH WKLV PRUQLQJ LV ZH ZLOO FDOO WKH WKLUG ZLWQHVV Jameelah DQG WKHQ ZH ZLOO UHDG WKH 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQV RI WKH WZR RWKHUV ZKRVH QDPHV DUH SDUWLFXODULVHG LQ WKH &KDUJH DQG WKHQ ZH ZLOO VHH ZKDW WLPH WKHUH LV LQ WKH PRUQLQJ DQG ZH SURSRVH WR VKRZ WKH YLGHR WKDW ZDV UHIHUUHG to by Prosecution Witness number 2 Moazzam Begg called Â´7D[L 7R 7KH 'DUN 6LGHÂľ EHFDXVH DOO WKDW LV EHLQJ WHVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WR WKH NLQG RI WUHDWPHQW WKH FRQWH[W LQ ZKLFK LW DURVH , WKLQN DV WKH\ VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;a picture paints a thousand words,â&#x20AC;? DQG QRZDGD\V \RX NQRZ ZLWK YLGHRV LW SDLQWV PRUH WKDQ D WKRXVDQG ZRUGV itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rather long but I think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s extremely edifying and quite FULWLFDO WR ORRNLQJ DW ZKDW H[DFWO\ LV WKLV WRUWXUH WKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ ZKHWKHU WKH $PHULFDQ ZHUH LQYROYHG WR ZKDW H[WHQW WKH\ ZHUH LQYROYHG DQG WKH H[WHQW WR ZKLFK WKLV UHDFKHG KLJKHU XS LQ WKH FKDLQ QRW MXVW EHORZ WKH FKDLQ

6R ZLWK \RXU OHDYH FDQ , SOHDVH FDOO WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZLWQHVV <RXU +RQRXU" -DPHHODK Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <RX ZLOO EH UHO\LQJ RQ WKH 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ"

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143

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV ZH ZLOO EH UHO\LQJ RQ WKH 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ D FRS\ RI ZKLFK ZLOO EH IXUQLVKHG WR <RXU +RQRXU &DQ WKLV EH PDUNHG as â&#x20AC;&#x153;P3â&#x20AC;?"

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Yes. [Jameelah takes the oath in Arabic] 10

Translator: , -DPHHODK $EEDV +DPHHGL KHUHE\ IDLWKIXOO\ DQG VROHPQO\ WDNH RDWK DQG VZHDU WKDW WKH DOO HYLGHQFH WKDW , VKDOO JLYH LQ WKLV SURFHHGLQJV VKDOO EH WKH WUXWK DQG QRWKLQJ EXW WKH ZKROH truth.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: )LUVW FRXOG \RX H[SUHVV WKH SURVHFXWLRQÂˇV JUDWLWXGH WR KHU thank you very much for having come here to testify and relive some very terrible moments in your life. Translator: , ZRXOG OLNH WR WKDQN \RX DOO IRU \RXU FRQFHUQ DERXW WKLV VXEMHFW DQG ZKDW KDV EHHQ KDSSHQLQJ LQ ,UDT WKLV ODVW \HDUV

Gurdial Singh Nijar: , ZLOO WDNH \RX WKURXJK \RXU 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ VHQWHQFH by sentence. The 1st SDUDJUDSK ZH KDYH WR FKDQJH WR EHFDXVH QRZ \RX DUH \HDUV ROG" 30

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: You used to be the Head Chief of the Cooperation Unions and this is the Cooperation Union that manages other government XQLRQV" Translator: <HV WKDW ZDV P\ ZRUN SUHYLRXVO\

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKLV ZDV LQ .LUNXN SULRU WR WKH LQYDVLRQ LQ E\ WKH FRDOLWLRQ IRUFHV OHG E\ $PHULFD"

Translator: Yes

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG EHFDXVH RI \RXU H[SHULHQFH \RX QRZ OLYH LQ 'DPDVFXV 6\ULD"

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG \RX PDGH WKLV 'HFODUDWLRQ WR SXW RQ UHFRUG \RXU WRUWXUH Ã&#x20AC;UVW DW %DJKGDG $LUSRUW SULVRQ DQG ODWHU DW WKH LQIDPRXV $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ LQ "

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG LQ -DQXDU\ LQ WKH HDUO\ KRXUV LQ WKH PRUQLQJ DURXQG D P WKH $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ EURNH LQWR \RXU KRXVH E\ IRUFH LQ .LUNXN"

Translator: Yes. 30

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX ZHUH YHU\ IULJKWHQHG" Translator: No.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH $PHULFDQV URXQGHG XS WKH ZKROH IDPLO\ LQFOXGLQJ \RXU GDXJKWHU \HDUV ROG " 40

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU VRQ \HDUV ROG \RXU QHSKHZ \HDUV ROG DQG D IHPDOH JXHVW \HDUV ROG DQG \RXUVHOI"

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX ZHUH WROG WKDW \RX ZHUH SURYLGLQJ PRQHWDU\ DVVLVWDQFH WR WKH UHVLVWDQFH DQG WKH\ ZDQWHG WKH PRQH\ Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH\ VHDUFKHG WKH ZKROH KRXVH DQG IRXQG QRWKLQJ H[FHSW IRU GLQDU ZKLFK LV VRPHWKLQJ WKDW \RX XVH IRU GDLO\ H[SHQVHV Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ WLHG \RXU KDQGV DW WKH EDFN ZLWK ZLUHV YHU\ WLJKWO\

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: And the soldiers dragged you by your hair out of the house DQG LW ZDV UDLQLQJ WKHQ LQWR WKH UDLQ Translator: <HV LW ZDV LQ WKH KRXVH

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKH\ WRRN \RX RXW RI WKH KRXVH DQG LQWR WKH UDLQ" Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ WKLV ZDV HU :KHQ ZDV WKLV" -DQXDU\ WK -DQXDU\ WKDW SDUW RI WKH ZRUOG LW ZDV ZLQWHU $QG \RX RQO\ KDG RQ \RXU QLJKW FORWKHV"

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: And you say they destroyed everything in the house including WKH IXUQLWXUH HOHFWULFDO DSSOLDQFHV HYHU\WKLQJ LQ WKH KRXVH $OO \RXU EHORQJLQJV ZHUH GHVWUR\HG Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG \RX VD\ DOVR WKDW WKH\ VHDUFKHG \RXU IDPLO\ FDU IRXQG D FDU EDWWHU\ FKDUJHU DQG DFFXVHG \RX RI XVLQJ LW WR H[SORGH ERPEV $QG WKHQ WKH\ ULGGOHG WKH FDU ZLWK EXOOHWV DQG practically destroyed it.

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP 25

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX VD\ WKDW \RXU KHDG ZDV FRYHUHG ZLWK D KRRG WKH\ FRYHUHG \RX ZLWK D KRRG DQG \RX IHOW \RX FRXOG QRW EUHDWKH LQ IDFW \RX IHOW \RX WKRXJKW \RX ZHUH JRLQJ WR GLH EHFDXVH WKDW KRRG ZDV FRYHULQJ \RXU KHDG

Translator: <HV LW ZDV EDG Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX VDLG \RX ZHUH SXVKHG LQWR WKH PLOLWDU\ YHKLFOH \RX NQRZ WKH XJO\ RQHV WKH\ XVH WKH +XPPHU <RX ZHUH NLFNHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV .LFNHG OLNH DQ DQLPDO \RX VDLG

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ 3XDQ -DPHHODK \RX VD\ DERXW PLQXWHV RU VRPH SHULRG RI WLPH MXVW DQ DVVHVVPHQW LQ WKH YHKLFOH \RX ZHUH WKHQ SXVKHG RXW DQG WKHQ \RX IHOW WKH URDG RU SXVKHG RQWR WKH URDG IURP D YHKLFOH Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX VD\ \RX ZHUH GUDJJHG RQ WKH SDYHG URDG DQG DIWHU DZKLOH RQWR D FHPHQWHG Ă RRU <RX ZHUH GUDJJHG" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: :KHQ \RX VD\ GUDJ ZKDW GLG \RX PHDQ E\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;dragâ&#x20AC;?" &DQ \RX HODERUDWH"

Translator: $IWHU DERXW PLQXWHV ZH ZHUH GULYHQ E\ WKLV +XPPHU DQG , ZDV WLHG XS LQVLGH DQG ZH WDNHQ WR DLU IRUFH E\ WKH PLOLWDU\ 25

Gurdial Singh Nijar: -XVW D VHFRQG , MXVW ZDQW \RX WR H[SODLQ ZKHQ \RX VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;dragâ&#x20AC;?. :KDW GR \RX PHDQ" -XVW WR H[SODLQ WKDW RQH Translator: , ZDV GUDJJHG RXW IURP WKH +XPPHU DQG WKH SHUVRQ ZDV GUDJJLQJ PH VR VWURQJO\ DQG , FDQ IHHO WKH URDG WKH SDYHG URDG DOO WKH ZD\ WR LQVLGH WKH PLOLWDU\ EDVH , ZDVQÂˇW ZHDULQJ any shoes at that time. Just sleeping clothes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 2ND\ WKHQ 3DUDJUDSK \RX VD\ MXVW EHIRUH WKDW \RX ZHUH OHIW VWDQGLQJ RQ WKH ZDOO IRU VRPHWLPH 7KHQ \RXU KRRG ZDV UHPRYHG DQG \RX VDZ WKDW \RX ZHUH LQ D ELJ KDOO QR ZLQGRZV H[FHSW IRU D ZLQGRZ LQ WKH FHLOLQJ

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX ZHUH DVNHG TXHVWLRQV <RXU QDPH GDWH RI ELUWK by an American soldier. You requested could your hands could EH XQWLHG EHFDXVH \RX ZHUH LQ SDLQ +H UHIXVHG DQG UHPDLQHG VWDQGLQJ IDFLQJ WKH ZDOO

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX UHDOL]HG \RX ZHUH LQ .LUNXN PLOLWDU\ DLUSRUW DW WKDW WLPH"

Translator: Yes. 15

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Then they put a hood again on your head. They dragged you to another room. Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ UHPRYHG \RXU KRRG DQG \RX VDZ DQ $PHULFDQ ZKR ZDV LQ FLYLOLDQ FORWKHV WRJHWKHU ZLWK DQRWKHU $UDE ORRNLQJ PDQ ZKR VSRNH $UDELF"

Translator: <HV DQG WUDQVODWHG 30

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ WKH $PHULFDQ JHVWXUHG \RX WR VLW RQ D FKDLU" Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX UHTXHVWHG \RXU KDQGV WR EH XQWLHG" Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX ZHUH WROG LI \RX NHHS UHSHDWLQJ WKLV UHTXHVW IRU \RXU KDQGV WR EH XQWLHG \RX ZLOO EH VODSSHG DQG WKURZQ RQ WKH Ă RRU

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH $PHULFDQ WKHQ DVNHG TXHVWLRQV WKDW ZHUH SHUVRQDO DQG \RXU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK WKH %DDWK SDUW\ Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: +H WROG \RX WKDW WKH\ ZHUH DFFXVLQJ \RX RI EHLQJ SDUW RI WKH UHVLVWDQFH DVVLVWLQJ IXQGLQJ WKH UHVLVWDQFH 20

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: You told them that you are not part of the resistance nor are you assisting the resistance. And you told them that nothing ZDV IRXQG LQ \RXU KRXVH ZKHQ LW ZDV UDLGHG DQG GHVWUR\HG 7KH $UDE PDQ WKHQ VODSSHG \RX DFURVV WKH IDFH ,W ZDV stinging and burning sensation in your eyes and your face. The interpreter said that this is just the beginning if you do not cooperate. Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ KH WROG \RX KH VDLG \RX ZLOO IDFH ZRUVH WKLQJV WKDW QR RQH KDV VHHQ RU KHDUG DERXW $W WKDW WLPH \RX ZHUH PRUH concerned about your daughter and the other female guest.

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: &DQ \RX LQWHUSUHW SDUDJUDSK " &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP" Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ DOO WKURXJKRXW \RX ZHUH QRW DOORZHG WR JR WR WRLOHW QR GULQN QR IRRG ZDV JLYHQ WR \RX" 10

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX VD\ GD\V ODWHU WKLV ZLOO EH -DQXDU\ WK DQ American soldier put a hood on your head again and dragged you into the open air. Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,W ZDV YHU\ ZLQG\ \RX VD\ DQG WKH KRRG Ă HZ RÍż DQG \RX VDZ the rest of your family. 25

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: And you became very emotional because you felt all this that WKH\ ZHUH HQGXULQJ ZDV EHFDXVH RI \RX $QG \RXU IDPLO\ WULHG to comfort you. Translator: Yes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ WKHUH ZDV ,UDTL LQWHUSUHWHU WKHUH \RX DVNHG KLP â&#x20AC;&#x153;Look, look upon me as your mother. And this female guest who was in our house, can you please contact her family? Let them know where she is.â&#x20AC;?

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Translator: Yes. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WZR KHOLFRSWHUV FDPH ZLWK D IHZ $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV DQG WKH\ SXW \RXU VRQ \RXU QHSKHZ DQG \RXUVHOI LQ RQH DQG WKH girls in another helicopter. Translator: 6KH ZDQWV WR FODULI\ WKDW WKH QHSKHZ LV KHU EURWKHUÂˇV VRQ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ WKH KHOLFRSWHU ZLQGRZV ZHUH ZLGH RSHQ LW ZDV ZLQWHU LW ZDV YHU\ FROG <RX DVNHG ZKHWKHU WKH\ FRXOG EH FORVHG

Translator: ,W ZDV RSHQ DQG LW ZDV YHU\ FROG

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKH VROGLHUV VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, this will not be done because this will avoid any attack by the resistance.â&#x20AC;? <RX ZHUH SODFHG WKHUH 7KH\ WROG \RX WKDW LI WKH UHVLVWDQFH VKRW DW WKH KHOLFRSWHU WKHQ WKH\ ZRXOG EH NLOOHG Translator: 7KH\ ZHUH DIUDLG IURP WKH UHVLVWDQFH Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX ZHUH Ă \LQJ IRU IHZ KRXUV DQG \RX WKRXJKW \RX ZHUH EHLQJ WDNHQ YHU\ IDU DZD\ :KHQ \RX ODQGHG \RX GLG QRW NQRZ ZKHUH \RX ZHUH 7KHQ \RXU KRRGV ZHUH WDNHQ RÍż DQG \RX VDZ $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV ZKR H[SUHVVHG VXUSULVHG WR VHH \RXU FRQGLWLRQ \RX ZHUH ZHDULQJ \RXU QLJKW FORWKHV QR VKRHV DOO RI \RX

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: You also met your daughter and the female guest at the same SODFH 7KHQ WKH WKUHH RI \RX ZHUH SODFHG LQ WKH FHOO WRJHWKHU <RXU KDQGV ZHUH XQWLHG

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Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX KDG QRW EHHQ IHG IRU GD\V <RX ZHUH QRW DOORZHG WR JR WR WKH WRLOHW DW DOO <RX ZHUH LQ D WLQ\ ZRRGHQ FHOO QR ZLQGRZV $QG \RX ZHUH LQIRUPHG E\ WKH JXDUG ZKHQ \RX DVNHG WKDW WKLV ZDV %DJKGDG $LUSRUW Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ VKRUWO\ ZLWKLQ DQ KRXU \RX ZHUH KRRGHG DJDLQ \RXU KDQGV WLHG DJDLQ DQG TXHVWLRQHG DJDLQ E\ WZR $PHULFDQV RQH ZDV D GRFWRU 7KH\ DVNHG TXHVWLRQV VLPLODU SHUVRQDO TXHVWLRQV also about your health. Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ WR DQ LQGLYLGXDO ZRRGHQ FHOO QR DPHQLWLHV VPDOO RQH PHWUHV E\ PHWUHV 25

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ DJDLQ SODFHG D KRRG DQG WLHG \RX DJDLQ $ ZRPDQ VROGLHU FKHFNHG \RXU SHUVRQ IRU DQ\ REMHFWV

Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP 35

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ <RX KDYH QRW HDWHQ QRW EHHQ IHG <RX ZHUH IHHOLQJ GL]]\ DQG IHOW YHU\ ZHDN <RX DVNHG WR VLW GRZQ WKH\ UHIXVHG WR DOORZ \RX $QG WKH\ NHSW DVNLQJ \RX WR FRQIHVV WKDW \RX ZHUH SDUW RI WKH UHVLVWDQFH DQG NHSW DVNLQJ \RX IRU ZKR DUH \RXU FROOHDJXHV LQ WKH UHVLVWDQFH $QG WKHQ WUDQVODWRU DOVR paragraph 22. Thank you.

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Translator: 'XULQJ WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ , ZDV VWDQGLQJ 7KH\ GLG QRW DOORZ me to sit.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX 7KHQ RQH RI WKH LQWHUURJDWRUV SDUDJUDSK \RX VD\ WRRN \RX WR VHH ZKDW \RX â&#x20AC;&#x153;had never seen before.â&#x20AC;?

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $OULJKW , ZRQÂˇW JR LQWR GHWDLOV LI WKH\ÂˇUH SDLQIXO <RX ZHUH WKHQ KRRGHG WDNHQ WR D URRP WKDW ZDV DOO EODFN LQ FRORXU ZLWK VRPH ZKLWH GRWV 7KHUH ZHUH WZR SLFWXUHV RI 6DGGDP +XVVHLQ ZLWK WKH H\HV FXW RXW RQ ERWK VLGHV RI WKH ZDOO Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ JUDEEHG \RXU KDLU WKH\ WRRN KDLU GUDJJHG \RX E\ WKH KDLU DQG WKHQ WKUHZ \RX IURP RQH ZDOO WR DQRWKHU ZDOO FRQWLQXRXVO\ PDQ\ WLPHV 25

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: And you lost consciousness. Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Many times you lost consciousness. Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG ZKHQ \RX UHJDLQHG FRQVFLRXVQHVV HYHU\ QRZ DQG WKHQ \RX KHDUG WKH\ ZHUH SOD\LQJ ORXG VRXQGV KXJHO\ ORXG VRXQGV of music.

Translator: %HFDXVH WKHUH ZDV LQ WKH VLGH RI WKH URRP D UDGLR WKDW ZDV D voice. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ GUDJJHG \RX WR DQRWKHU FHOO LQ WKH VDPH ZD\ GURSSHG \RX WR WKH Ă RRU <RX ZHUH YHU\ WLUHG Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: An American soldier came. He asked you to stand up. You FRXOG QRW VWDQG IRU ORQJ VR \RX OHDQHG RQ WKH ZDOO RU VDW (YHU\ WLPH \RX GLG WKDW WKH VROGLHU ZRXOG FRPH DQG KLW \RX ZLWK D stick and ask you to stand straight.

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 25

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX VD\ WKH\ WKUHZ D EDJ FRQWDLQLQJ IRRG WKDW \RX GLG QRW UHFRJQLVH VRPH ELVFXLWV DORQJ ZLWK VRPH ZDWHU Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,Q WKH QLJKW \RX VD\ \RX KHDUG PXVLF GDQFLQJ VKRXWLQJ 35

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RXU FHOO ZDV RSHQHG 7KH\ EURXJKW LQ D ODUJH GRJ ZKLFK EDUNHG DW \RX WHUULĂ&#x20AC;HG \RX

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155

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $IWHU DZKLOH WKH\ OHIW FORVHG WKH FHOO GRRU %XW ZKLOH WKH FHOO GRRU ZDV RSHQHG \RX UHDOL]HG WKDW WKH\ ZHUH GRLQJ WKLV WR DOO WKH RWKHU FHOOV DV ZHOO Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ WKH VHFRQG GD\ LQ SULVRQ DJDLQ WKH VDPH WKLQJ +RRGHG \RXU KHDG WRRN \RX IRU TXHVWLRQLQJ

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ \RX ZHUH WROG DJDLQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Confess.â&#x20AC;? If you did not FRQIHVV WKH\ ZLOO SXW \RXU VRQ LQ SULVRQ WKH\ÂˇOO UDSH \RXU daughter.

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG \RX SOHDGHG ZLWK WKHP \RX VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;I did not do anything ZURQJ ,ÂˇYH QR FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH UHVLVWDQFH , DP ZLOOLQJ WR VZHDU on the Quran, on the Bible.â&#x20AC;? 7KDWÂˇV ZKDW \RX VDLG Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH $PHULFDQ VDLG Â´,ÂˇP WKH GHYLO P\VHOI Âľ They took you to the black room. The same black American female; your clothes ZHUH UHPRYHG <RX ZHUH DVNHG WR VLW RQ \RXU NQHHV DQG KDQGV DQG WKH\ SRXUHG LF\ ZDWHU RQ \RX 7KH\ DVNHG WR FUDZO IURP RQH VLGH RI WKH ZDOO WR WKH RWKHU VLGH RI WKH ZDOO

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Translator: <HV , ZDV FUDZOLQJ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH\ KLW \RX ZLWK D SODVWLF WXEH ZLWK D ZRRG LQVLGH WKH SODVWLF WXEH 7KH\ NLFNHG \RX DQG WKHQ ZKHQ \RX GURSSHG WR WKH Ă RRU WKH\ NLFNHG \RX 7KH\ NHSW GRLQJ WKLV \RX VWDUWHG EOHHGLQJ RQ \RXU VKRXOGHUV EDFN DUPV OHJV $QG WKH\ NHSW doing this for many many hours.

Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX ZHUH WKHQ WDNHQ WR \RXU FHOO DVNHG WR VWDQG VWUDLJKW DJDLQ :KHQ \RX OHDQHG RQ WKH ZDOO \RX ZRXOG EH EHDWHQ $QG \RXU ZRXQGV \RX VDLG WKH EOHHGLQJV VKRXOGHUV EDFN DUPV OHJV WKH\ ZHUH QRW DWWHQGHG WR E\ WKH VROGLHUV <RX FULHG IRU WKH LQWHUSUHWHU <RX KLW WKH Ă RRU KLW WKH GRRU 7KH LQWHUSUHWHU FDPH and â&#x20AC;&#x153;was sad to see my condition.â&#x20AC;? +H DVNHG WKH VROGLHUV ZK\ , FRXOG QRW UHVW DQG WKH\ VDLG LW ZDV SDUW RI P\ SXQLVKPHQW for not confessing.

Translator: Correct.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ EDFN WR WKH EODFN URRP KDQGV WLHG KDLU ZDV JUDEEHG DQG SXOOHG WLJKWO\ E\ WKH VDPH IHPDOH VROGLHU <RX FRXOG QRW WDNH WKH SDLQ \RX VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;God, take me.â&#x20AC;?

Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6RPHKRZ LQ WKH SURFHVV \RX VD\ \RXU KDQGV EHFRPH IUHH and you hit the soldierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s face in the struggle. The soldier EHFDPH DQJU\ KH VPDVKHG \RXU HQWLUH ERG\ LQWR WKH ZDOO $QG WKHQ DQRWKHU VROGLHU FDPH DQG \RX ZHUH WDNHQ EDFN WR your cell.

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Translator: <HV LW ZDV WKH IHPDOH VROGLHU Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX ZHUH OHIW LQ WKH FHOO IRU GD\V 1R LQWHUURJDWLRQ Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ RQ WKH WKLUG GD\ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ DJDLQ KRRGHG DQG ZKHQ \RXU KRRG ZDV UHPRYHG \RX VDZ \RXU GDXJKWHU Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX VDZ \RXU GDXJKWHU SUHVXPDEO\ VKH KDV ORQJ KDLU KHU KDLU KDG EHHQ FXW VKRUW $JDLQ \RX ZHUH DVNHG WR FRQIHVV $QG \RX IHOW IRU \RXU GDXJKWHU <RXU GDXJKWHU ZDV D XQLYHUVLW\ student and you felt that she should not be facing this. So you MXVW ZDQWHG WR DJUHH FRQIHVV DQ\WKLQJ WKH\ ZDQWHG WR VD\ MXVW to release your daughter. Translator: 6KH VDLG WKDW VKH ZDV DFWXDOO\ IHHOLQJ JXLOW\ WKDW VKH LV WKH UHDVRQ ZK\ KHU GDXJKWHU LV WKHUH DQG WKH UHSO\ IURP KHU GDXJKWHU ZDV VR VWURQJ DQG VKH VDLG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iraq is for us all, not only for you.â&#x20AC;?

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R DV \RX VDLG \RXU GDXJKWHU JDYH \RX VWUHQJWK DQG \RX GHFLGHG QRW WR DJUHH WR DQ\WKLQJ $PHULFDQ VDLG 7KHQ WKH\ SXW WKH KRRGV RQ \RXU KHDGV ERWK \RXU KHDGV $QG WKHQ WKH\ VKRW D JXQ \RX KHDUG D EXOOHW JR $QG WKHQ WKH\ WROG \RX WKH\ have killed your daughter. Translator: 7KH\ WROG P\ GDXJKWHU WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;We killed your mother.â&#x20AC;?

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 2K , VHH 6R WKH\ WROG \RX WKDW WKH\ NLOOHG WKH GDXJKWHU DQG WKH\ WROG WKH GDXJKWHU WKH\ NLOOHG WKH PRWKHU" $QG VKH ORVW KHU PLQG VKH EHJDQ WR VKRXW

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG WKHQ VKH ZDV WDNHQ EDFN LQ WKLV FRQGLWLRQ VKH ZDV VKRXWLQJ WKH\ WRRN KHU EDFN GUDJJHG KHU EDFN WR KHU FHOO

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP 15

Gurdial Singh Nijar: /DWHU VRPHWLPH PXFK ODWHU LQ WKH GD\ DQG P\ *RG VKH ZDV alive. Great relief you felt. Translator: Right. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1H[W WKH\ WRRN \RX EDFN WR WKH EODFN URRP DQG WKHUH ZDV \RXU QHSKHZ EHIRUH \RX FRPSOHWHO\ QDNHG DQG \RX MXVW KDG RQ \RXU XQGHUZHDU DQG WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;We will beat you until you confess.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKHQ WKH\ ZHUH NLFNLQJ \RXU QHSKHZ WKH\ ZHUH EHDWLQJ \RXU QHSKHZ WKH\ ZHUH NLFNLQJ \RX WKH\ ZHUH beating you.

Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG ORXG VRXQG ZDV EHLQJ SOD\HG 7KH\ WRRN WKH SODVWLF chairs. They beat you so much that part of the plastic chairs ZHUH HPEHGGHG EHFDPH HPEHGGHG LQWR \RXU IHHW $QG WKLV ZHQW RQ IRU \RX VD\ SRVVLEO\ KRXUV Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: And then they brought a machine and said the machine is JRLQJ WR EH XVHG QRZ WR KDUP \RX

Translator: <HV DQG FKRS \RXU KHDG E\ WKLV PDFKLQH

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDW IULJKWHQHG \RX" $QG WKHQ ZKHQ WKH\ VDZ \RX ZHUH IULJKWHQHG WKHQ WKH\ MXVW ODXJKHG DQG VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Clean the room.â&#x20AC;? Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH\ NHSW EHDW \RXU QHSKHZ RQ KLV SULYDWH SDUV KH ZDV QDNHG DW WKH WLPH $QG ODWHU LQ WKDW FRQGLWLRQ KH ZDV UHPRYHG WR Abu Ghraib.

Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Then the Iraqi interpreter later told you that they had released WKH IHPDOH JXHVW WKH\ KDG UHOHDVHG \RXU GDXJKWHU DQG \RX ZHUH UHOLHYHG KDSS\ 1RZ ODWHU \RX IRXQG RXW WKDW ZDV MXVW a lie. Translator: 7KH\ UHOHDVHG WKH IHPDOH JXHVW EXW QRW P\ GDXJKWHU Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ QH[W GD\ WKLV LV GD\ DOUHDG\ LQ D helicopter. You asked for assistance for your injuries you ZHUH EOHHGLQJ \RX KDG SDUW RI D SODVWLF FKDLU HPEHGGHG LQ \RXU IRRW WKH\ UHIXVHG 7KH\ WRRN \RX EDFN WR .LUNXN SXW you in a house. They chained your feet. They chained your hands. Translator: <HV DQG WKH KRXVH ZHUH WR PLOLWDU\ DLU IRUFH EDVH PLOLWDU\ in Kirkuk.

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WKH QH[W GD\ GD\ SURSHU JRRG IRRG ZDV VHUYHG <RX WRRN D SLHFH RI EUHDG 7KHQ WKDW LQWHUURJDWRU VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stop. Where DUH WKH UHVLVWDQFH Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV"Âľ

<RX GURSSHG WKH EUHDG DQG VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;I do not know any resistance Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV Âľ <RX ZHUH VODSSHG KDQGV WLHG EHKLQG \RXU EDFN SXW LQWR D SLFNXS WUXFN WKHQ WDNHQ WR D ODUJH KRXVH ZKLFK ZDV FRQYHUWHG to a prison. And there you met you friends and colleagues ZKR UHFRJQLVHG \RX DQG VRPH RI WKHP WKUHZ VRPH IRRG RYHU the cell for you. Translator: <HDK LWÂˇV QRW D ELJ D ODUJH KRXVH EXW LW LV D KDOO LWÂˇV D DLUSRUW KDOO EXW WKLV LW ZDV FRQYHUWHG WR D SULVRQ Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ DIWHU GD\V \RX ZHUH WDNHQ E\ KHOLFRSWHU EDFN WR %DJKGDG $LUSRUW SULVRQ DQG \RX ZHUH WROG WKDW \RXU VRQ DQG QHSKHZ KDG EHHQ UHOHDVHG EXW \RX IRXQG WKDW RXW WR EH D OLH Translator: &RQĂ&#x20AC;UP Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RX VD\ \RX ZHUH JHWWLQJ D IHYHU FDXVHG E\ WKH ZRXQGV especially that plastic piece from the chair embedded in your feet. A doctor came. He said you needed surgery. They did the VXUJHU\ WKH QH[W GD\ %XW WKH\ GLG WKH VXUJHU\ ZLWKRXW DQ\ DQHVWKHVLD DQG WKH SODVWLF ZDV SXOOHG RXW RI \RXU IHHW ZLWKRXW DQ\ DQHVWKHWLFV <RX VD\ WKDW LW ZDV YHU\ YHU\ SDLQIXO Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ WZR GD\V ODWHU \RX ZHUH WDNHQ WR $EX *KUDLE SLFN XS WUXFN WKH IDPRXV $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ 7KHUH ZHUH D ORW RI SULVRQHU <RX ZHUH JLYHQ D ZULVW EDQG 7KHUH ZDV D QXPEHU

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JLYHQ WR \RX DQG WROG WKDW IURP QRZ RQ WKLV LV \RXU QDPH <RX ZLOO QRW EH FDOOHG E\ QDPH Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ 0V -DPHHODK \RX VD\ WKH\ SXW D KRRG RQ \RXU IDFH RQ \RXU KHDG DQG HQWHUHG D URRP DQG H[DPLQH D GRFWRU 7KH 'RFWRU VDLG \RX ZHUH VHULRXVO\ LQMXUHG QHHGHG XUJHQW WUHDWPHQW %XW WKH LQWHUURJDWRU VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, no treatment for you.â&#x20AC;? Translator: ,W ZDVQÂˇW D SURSHU H[DPLQDWLRQ URRP ,W MXVW ZDV D URRP WKDW KDG VRPH 3&V DQG WKHUH ZHUH D GRFWRU WKHUH ZKR VDLG WKDW P\ injuries seriously and needed an urgent treatment. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX 7KHQ LQ WKH FHOO WKH\ JDYH \RX VRPH PHGLFLQH MXVW RQH WLPH 1R IROORZ XS PHGLFLQHV )RRG ZDV EDG DQG WKH FHOO ZDV VPDOO PHWUHV E\ PHWUHV KDUGO\ WKLV VSDFH KHUH WKH VSDFH EHWZHHQ WKLV DQG WKDW LV PRUH WKDQ PHWUHV /HVV WKDQ PHWUHV E\ PHWUHV NHSW LQ WKLV FHOO Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ SDUDJUDSK DOO WKH ZKLOH \RXÂˇUH QRW JLYHQ SURSHU FORWKLQJ EDUHIRRW RQ WKH GD\ \RX ZHUH WDNHQ IURP \RXU KRXVH 7KHQ \RX DVNHG WR MRLQ WKHP ZLWK SURPLVHV RI EHWWHU IRRG 7KH\ VDLG Â´&RRSHUDWH DQG ZHÂˇOO UHOHDVH \RX Âľ $QG \RX NHSW VD\LQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;I know nothing about this so-called resistance.â&#x20AC;? Translator: Yes. Food and the medicine is according to your cooperation. ,I \RX GR WKH\ ZLOO JLYH \RX LI \RXÂˇUH QRW

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ LQ WKLV VPDOO FHOO \RX ZHUH LQ WKLV VPDOO WLQ\ FHOO DERXW IHHW E\ IHHW WKH\ SRXUHG GXULQJ ZLQWHU WKH\ SRXUHG FROG ZDWHU WR PDNH WKH FHOO YHU\ FROG DQG WKHUH \RX ZHUH OD\LQJ LQMXUHG DJJUDYDWHG \RXU LQMXULHV

Translator: <HV LW LV HYHU\GD\ DW SP WKH\ SRXUHG DOO FHOOV ZLWK YHU\ FROG ZDWHU VR LW ZLOO EH KXPLG DQG YHU\ FROG 10

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV DQG WKHQ \RX ZHUH LQ WKLV $EX *KUDLE IRU DOPRVW PRQWKV in this condition. 6 months. Translator: Correct.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: And about 20 days in Kirkuk and Baghdad. 20

Translator: Correct. Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1RZ RQH GD\ WKH PHPEHUV RI WKH SUHVV , WKLQN WKLV ZDV DIWHU $EX *KUDLE ZDV H[SRVHG WR WKH ZRUOG RXWVLGH WKH FRQGLWLRQV WKH SUHVV FDPH DQG \RX VKRXWHG UDLVHG \RXU YRLFHV 7KH SUHVV KHDUG \RX DQG UHDOLVHG WKHUH ZHUH ZRPHQ LQ WKH SULVRQ DQG \RX VD\ WKH SUHVV ZHUH VXUSULVHG WKDW ZRPHQ ZHUH WKHUH EHFDXVH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOO\ QR ZRPHQ DUH VXSSRVHG WR EH WKHUH DV IDU DV WKH $PHULFDQV ZHUH FRQFHUQHG $QG WKHQ ODWHU \RX ZHUH denied good food because you had alerted the press to your presence. Translator: $FWXDOO\ WKHUH ZHUH OLNH DERXW PHPEHUV RI SUHVV 7KH\ ZHUH YLVLWLQJ $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ $W WKDW WLPH EHIRUH WKH\ WRRN GRZQ WR WKH SULVRQ WKH\ YLVLW WKH KHDG RI WKH SULVRQ DQG WKH\ ZHUH WROG WKDW WKHUH DUH QR ZRPHQ RU FKLOGUHQ LQ WKLV SULVRQ $FWXDOO\ WKH\ ZHUH KLGLQJ XV LQ DQRWKHU URRP LQ WKH GRZQ Ă RRU 6R ZKHQ ZH KHDU WKDW WKH\ DUH SDVVLQJ E\ ZH VWDUW WR VFUHDPLQJ DQG ZH FRYHUHG WKH VFUHDP RI $EX *KUDLE D

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QG WKH\ KHDU XV DQG WKH\ FDPH WR XV DQG WKH\ ZHUH UHDOO\ VXUSULVHG EHFDXVH WKH\ ZHUH WHOOLQJ E\ WKH KHDG RI WKH SULVRQ WKDW WKHUH ZHUH QR ZRPHQ LQ $EX *KUDLE $QG ZH ZHUH DFWXDOO\ DERXW ZRPHQ WKHUH

Gurdial Singh Nijar: ,Q $EX *KUDLE \RX FRPSODLQHG WR WKDW GHSDUWPHQW WKH &,' WKHUH ZDV D FRPSODLQWV GHSDUWPHQW <RX ORGJHG D FRPSODLQW DERXW \RXU WUHDWPHQW \RXU VLWXDWLRQ <RXU VLVWHU DOVR KDG XQNQRZQ WR \RX FRPSODLQHG DERXW \RXU GHWHQWLRQ $QG DIWHU WKDW DQ $PHULFDQ FRPPLWWHH FDPH DQG LQWHUYLHZHG \RX DQG \RX WROG WKHP HYHU\WKLQJ WKDW \RX KDYH WR WKLV &RXUW KHUH WKLV 7ULEXQDO DQG \RX VD\ , TXRWH “the committee acknowledged that ,·P D ZDU YLFWLP µ

Translator: <HV FRUUHFW

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KHQ RQH PRQWK ODWHU \RX ZHUH UHOHDVHG RQ -XQH DQG \RX KDYH VKRZQ XV DV DQ H[KLELW \RXU UHOHDVH OHWWHU LW·V FDOOHG “Release Form For Detained Civilians” from Abu Ghraib SULRQ WKDW·V PDUNHG DV DQ H[KLELW DQG DV ZHOO D OHWWHU IURP WKH ,&5& ZKLFK VD\V FRQÀUPV WKDW 0V -DPHHODK ZDV DUUHVWHG LQ ,UDT E\ WKH FRDOLWLRQ IRUFHV RI FRXUVH OHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV 2Q -DQXDU\ ´WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG SHUVRQ ZDV YLVLWHG DQG UHJLVWHUHG E\ ,&5& GHOHJDWHV RQ 0DUFK µ DQG ´WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG SHUVRQ ZDV UHOHDVHG RQ -XQH µ 6R LW·V DERXW PRQWKV DQG VRPH GD\V DOPRVW PRQWKV &DQ \RX FRQÀUP WKLV" Translator: Correct.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R IRU PRQWKV WKH\ GUDJJHG \RX RXW RI \RXU KRXVH GHVWUR\HG \RXU KRXVH \RXU EHORQJLQJV DQG WKHQ WKH\ VXEMHFWHG \RX WR DOO WKLV WUHDWPHQWV PDGH \RX DOPRVW QDNHG DOPRVW LQ IURQW RI \RXU QHSKHZ QR WUHDWPHQW QR IRRG $QG WKHQ WKH\ MXVW UHOHDVHG \RX QR FKDUJH" 7KH $PHULFDQV"

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Translator: :KDW , KDYH WROG LQ WKLV VWRU\ LV MXVW EULHI DQG VKRUW RI ZKDW , ZLWQHVVHG WKHUH $QG DV \RX VHH DIWHU DOO WKLV WKH\ DUH FRPLQJ WR KHU DQG VD\LQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are sorry.â&#x20AC;?

Gurdial Singh Nijar: -XVW OLNH WKDW" Translator: Yes.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH\ WROG \RXU GDXJKWHU WKH\ KDG VKRW \RX DQG WROG \RX WKDW they shot your daughter. 15

Translator: <HV P\ GDXJKWHU VWD\HG DERXW GD\V DQG DOVR WKH IHPDOH JXHVW %XW WKH QHSKHZ VWD\HG DERXW PRQWKV DQG KH KDV QR UHODWLRQ ZLWK WKH UHVLVWDQFH 20

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 6R \RX VD\ WLOO WR GDWH LQ \RXU SDUDJUDSK KHUH \RX HQGXUHG UHVLGXDO LQMXULHV \RX FDQÂˇW PRYH \RXU OHJV IUHHO\ QRZ <RXU OHJV FDQ KDUGO\ VXSSRUW \RX RQ \RXU IHHW \RX NQRZ , VHH \RX VKXÎ LQJ LQ DQG RXW WKLV SDUDJUDSK <RXU OHIW DUP LV DOVR DÍżHFWHG <RX FDQÂˇW XVH LW ,W DFKHV <RX DUH XQDEOH WR ZHDU VKRHV WKDW FRYHU \RXU IHHW DW WKDW WLPH ZKHQ \RX VLJQHG WKLV GXH WR \RXU LQMXULHV <RX FDQÂˇW HQGXUH FROG FOLPDWH FROG DLU FRQGLWLRQLQJ LQMXULHV WR \RXU ORZHU EDFN DQG \RX QHHG IXUWKHU WUHDWPHQW IRU WKDW VXUJHU\ SHUKDSV Translator: 6KH VDLG \HV ,ÂˇP VXÍżHULQJ IURP ZKDW KDSSHQ DQG DFWXDOO\ VKH ZHQW WR PDQ\ GRFWRUV LQ 'DPDVFXV DQG VKH SUHVHQW KHU situation and examined herself. She said that they have been told that she needed an operation but this operation but this operation could make her handicap if it not succeeded. And XQWLO QRZ VKH FDQQRW ZHDU SURSHU VKRH DQG VKH KDV WR ZHDU VKRH WKDW LV RSHQ IURP PHGLFDO VKRHV WKDW LV RSHQHG IURP DOO VLGHV HYHQ LQ ZLQWHU $QG VKH FDQQRW UHVLVW WKH FROG DQG LWÂˇV YHU\ SDLQIXO IRU KHU $QG VKH FRXOGQÂˇW DÍżRUG WKLV RSHUDWLRQ

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EHFDXVH RI WKH OLPLW RI KHU EXGJHW DQG WLOO QRZ VKHÂ·V WU\LQJ to do. [Jameelah adds]

Translator: 6KHÂ·V VD\LQJ WKDW HVSHFLDOO\ WKH $PHULFDQ WKH IHPDOH VROGLHU WKDW ZDV WRUWXULQJ KHU VKH ZDV EHDWLQJ KHU HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH QHFN DQG WKH EDFN DQG VKHÂ·V GRLQJ WKLV YHU\ KDUG DQG VKHÂ·V GRLQJ LW FRQWLQXRXVO\ HYHU\ WLPH DQG WKHQ WKH\ ZHUH XVLQJ VRPH WRROV WR GR WKLV QRW RQO\ IRU KHU EXW IRU DOO SULVRQHUV [Jameelah continues]

Translator: 6KH VDLG WKDW ZKHQ \RX PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH SDUDJUDSK WKDW Â´, SXQFKHG D VROGLHU LQ KLV IDFH Âµ VKHÂ·V WKH RQH ZKLOH NLFNLQJ PH VKH VPDVKHG KHU KHDG WR WKH ZDOO DQG WKDW ZDV YHU\ KDUG and she felt like sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s losing her neck. And that is still hurting WLOO QRZ Gurdial Singh Nijar: $QG Ã&#x20AC;QDOO\ \RX VDLG LQ \RXU ODVW SDUDJUDSK Â´,Â·P RQH RI WKH PDQ\ ZKR KDYH VXÍ¿HUHG DV ZDU YLFWLPV , KDYH VHHQ PXFK VXÍ¿HULQJ :RPHQ KDYH VXÍ¿HUHG WUHPHQGRXVO\ 0DQ\ KDYH EHHQ UDSHG Âµ Can \RX FRQÃ&#x20AC;UP WKDW" Translator: &RQÃ&#x20AC;UP :KDW LV KXUWLQJ PH PXFK LQ WKDW SULVRQ WKDW , VDZ FKLOGUHQ 7KHUH DUH DERXW FKLOGUHQ WKHLU DJHV VWDUWLQJ IURP 9 to 12. Gurdial Singh Nijar: Being detained in the prison ...

Translator: <HV LQ WKH FHOOV LQ IURQW RI KHU 6KH LV VD\LQJ WKDW WKH ZRPHQ LQ WKH FHOO DQG WKH FKLOGUHQ WKH IURQW FHOOV :KDW FRXOG WKRVH NLGV FKLOGUHQ GR" :KDW KDUP FRXOG WKH\ GR" $QG VRPH RI WKHVH FKLOGUHQ WKH\ ZHUH VWD\LQJ WKHUH DERXW \HDU DQG D KDOI $QG WKH\ KHDU WKDW VRPH KDYH VXLFLGH :KDW \RX VDZ DQG ZKDW \RX KHDU IURP PH KHUH DQG HYHQ LQ WKH SLFWXUH

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UHOHDVHG IURP $EX *KUDLE LV OLNH D GURS LQ WKH VHD RI ZKDW , VDZ WKHUH $QG HVSHFLDOO\ WKDW P\VHOI ZDV LQ IURQW RI WKH torture cell.

And then Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m feeling guilty if I do not speak loudly about ZKDW KDSSHQHG DQG P\ FRQVFLHQFH LV OHDGLQJ PH WR WHOO WKLV story to everyone.

, QHYHU VDZ VRPHWKLQJ OLNH WKDW LQ P\ OLIH HYHQ LQ FRZER\ PRYLHV RU KRUURU PRYLHV :KDW , VDZ LQ WKH SULVRQ UHDOO\ cannot be described.

They actually have no conscience. Guards there are not human and they have not any felt of humanity inside them. 15

All the period that I have been in Abu Ghraib I have been ZHDULQJ WKH VDPH FORWKHV YHU\ OLJKW RQH DQG ZLWKRXW VKRHV $QG WKH\ ZHUH WU\LQJ WR QHJRWLDWH DQG VD\LQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;If you just confess or cooperate with us, we will give you proper food, we will give you clothes, we will give you shoes.â&#x20AC;? And I refused that because I GRQÂˇW NQRZ DQ\WKLQJ DQG WKDWÂˇV ZK\ WKH\ OHIW ZLWK WKH FORWKHV and the situation. $FWXDOO\ WKHUH ZDV QR LQWHUURJDWLRQ DERXW PH H[DFWO\ LWÂˇV MXVW WKDW WKH\ ZHUH FROOHFWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW ,UDT DQG ,UDTL people. $FFXVDWLRQV WKHUH ZHUH DOUHDG\ WKHUH DQG WKH\ MXVW WHOO WR DQ\ERG\ WKH VDPH DFFXVDWLRQV â&#x20AC;&#x153;You are with the resistance, and you are against the soldiers.â&#x20AC;? %HIRUH P\ UHOHDVH , DVNHG RQH RI WKH VROGLHU WKDW LQWHUURJDWHG PH , DVNHG KHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why Jameelah?â&#x20AC;? 6KH DQVZHUHG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;We were asked about the women that has the social position in Kirkut, and WKH\ SRLQWHG WR \RX 7KH\ VD\ Âś-DPHHODKÂˇ Âľ 7KDWÂˇV DFWXDOO\ ZKDW WKH\ ZHUH GRLQJ 6KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are using you to scare the whole women, about three thousand and something women.â&#x20AC;? 6R WKH\ ZHUH GRLQJ WKLQNLQJ WKH\ WRRN 6XPDLUDK WRRN DQRWKHU QDPH

7KHQ , ZDV DVNLQJ KHU DOVR WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Are you feeling? What are you doing? You destroy the family, you finish our house. My

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husband is dead so I am responsible for my family. Even my children stopped going to school. Are you feeling? What are you doing?â&#x20AC;?

7KHQ ZKHQ , ZDV UHOHDVHG RQH $PHULFDQ JHQHUDO VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;If you were staying in Iraq, we will accuse again and arrest you.â&#x20AC;?

7KHQ , GLGQÂˇW EHOLHYH WKH JHQHUDO DQG VDLG Â´+HÂˇV MXVW WKUHDWHQLQJ her.â&#x20AC;? But she moved from her house to another part of Iraq ZLWK KHU FKLOGUHQ %XW ODWHU RQ , KHDU DERXW WKH VHFRQG OHWWHU of prison. 6R , ZHQW WR 6\ULD DIWHU WKDW $QG WKDW ZDV DFWXDOO\ ZKDW KDSSHQHG 0\ IULHQG WKDW ZDV ZLWK PH LQ WKH SULVRQ WKH\ DUUHVWHG KHU DJDLQ DQG VKH VSHQG PRQWKV WKHUH DQG XQWLO QRZ , FDQQRW JR EDFN WR P\ FRXQWU\ Thank you.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK <RXU +RQRXUV WKDW FRQFOXGHV P\ SDUW 0\ FROOHDJXH 3URIHVVRU %R\OH KDYH VRPH VKRUW SRLQWV WR PDNH ZLWK \RXU OHDYH 7KDQN \RX

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH WHVWLPRQ\ RI WKLV YLFWLP , ZDQW WR GUDZ WR \RXU DWWHQWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ SRLQWV IURP KHU statements.

,I \RX WXUQ WR SDUDJUDSK RQ SDJH ZKHUH VKHÂˇV LQ WKH $SDFKH KHOLFRSWHUV ZLWK $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV KHU VRQ QHSKHZ P\VHOI DQG WKH JLUOV DQG WKH\ DVNHG WKDW WKH ZLQGRZV DQG GRRUV EH FORVHG EHFDXVH LWÂˇV FROG DQG WKH VROGLHUV VDLG WKLV FRXOG QRW EH GRQH EHFDXVH WR DYRLG DQ\ DWWDFN E\ WKH UHVLVWDQFH EHFDXVH LI WKH UHVLVWDQFH VKRW DW WKH KHOLFRSWHU ZH ZRXOG EH OLNHO\ KLW Ă&#x20AC;UVW

<RXU +RQRXUV LWÂˇV FOHDU LQ WKH SURFHVV RI EHLQJ WRUWXUHG WKLV YLFWLP DQG KHU IDPLO\ ZHUH EHLQJ XVHG DV human shields by United States military forces. And the use of civilians as KXPDQ VKLHOGV LV D JUDYH ZDU FULPH $QG , ZRXOG SRLQW RXW D FRZDUGO\ GHVSLFDEOH DFW E\ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DUPHG IRUFHV WR

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use civilians as human shields. But typical of the American ZDU RI DJJUHVVLRQ DJDLQVW ,UDT WR PXUGHU PLOOLRQ ,UDTLV to steal their oil. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve already addressed these points in the SUHFHGLQJ FKDUJH RI &ULPH DJDLQVW +XPDQLW\ , ZLOO QRW UHSHDW them here. 7KH QG SRLQW , ZLVK WR PDNH DQG HODERUDWH RQ IURP KHU VWDWHPHQW LI \RX WXUQ WR SDJH 7KLV LV WKH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO ,&5& GRFXPHQW DW WKH HQG ZKHUH WKH ,&5& ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPXQLW\ RI WKH 5HG &URVV VDLG VKH ZDV DUUHVWHG E\ FRDOLWLRQ IRUFHV RQ -DQXDU\ DQG ZDV QRW YLVLWHG RU DUUHVWHG E\ WKH ,&5& XQWLO 0DUFK 6R LQ RWKHU ZRUGV IRU PRQWKV VKH ZDV QRW UHJLVWHUHG ZLWK WKH ,&5& 7KH Geneva Conventions clearly require that civilians such as WKLV YLFWLP EH UHJLVWHUHG ZLWK WKH ,&5& DV VRRQ DV SRVVLEOH SUHIHUDEO\ ZLWKLQ KRXUV :K\ GLG WKH 86 $UPHG )RUFHV QRW UHJLVWHU KHU ZLWK WKH ,&5&" $QG WKH DQVZHU LV YHU\ FOHDU ZLOO EHFRPH YHU\ FOHDU ODWHU LQ RXU VXEPLVVLRQV 7KLV ZDV FRPPRQ SUDFWLFH E\ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $UPHG )RUFHV LQ ,UDT QRW WR UHJLVWHU FLYLOLDQV ZLWK WKH ,&5& VR WKH\ FRXOG EHWWHU WRUWXUH WKHP DQG EHWWHU PXUGHU WKHP DQG EHWWHU Â¶GLVDSSHDUÂ· WKHP RU LI WKH\ GLHG DV D UHVXOW RI EHLQJ WRUWXUHG QR RQH ZRXOG NQRZ WKH GLÍ¿HUHQFH 7KLV LV FRPPRQ ZHOO NQRZQ SUDFWLFH 86 PLOLWDU\ IRUFHV DQG WKH &,$ LQ ,UDT referred to as Â´NHHSLQJ WKHP RÍ¿ WKH ERRNVÂµ so that they could be EHWWHU WRUWXUHG PXUGHUHG DQG Â¶GLVDSSHDUHGÂ· :KDW WKLV PHDQV WKHQ WKDW LQ DGGLWLRQ WR EHLQJ D ZDU FULPH XQGHU WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ LV WKDW WKLV YLFWLP ZDV D Â¶GLVDSSHDUHGÂ· SHUVRQ IRU DW OHDVW PRQWKV 6KH ZDV Â¶GLVDSSHDUHGÂ· deliberately and on purpose; and the enforced disappearances RI KXPDQ EHLQJV LV D ZDU FULPH DQG ZKHQ WKH SUDFWLFH LV ZLGH VSUHDG DQG V\VWHPDWLF DV LW ZDV LQ ,UDT D FULPH DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ 6R WKLV YLFWLP KHUH ZDV QRW RQO\ D YLFWLP RI ZDU FULPHV DQG WRUWXUH EXW D FULPH DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ DQG , ZRXOG respectfully suggest that the judges take this into account. Thank you. Translator: 6KH ZDQWV WR FODULI\ 7KDQN \RX 6KH ZDQWV WR VD\ WKDW GXULQJ WKLV WLPH IURP WKH WK RI -DQXDU\ WR WKH WK SHULRG RI

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PRQWKV LW ZDV WKH ZRUVW WRUWXUH HYHU $QG EHIRUH WKH 5HG &URVV FRPLQJ WKH\ ZHUH WUHDWLQJ XV WKH\ ZHUH JLYLQJ XV some oil to cover the injury from our bodies. And the girl WKDW YLVLWHG XV IURP *HQHYD VKH ZDV YHU\ VFDUHG IURP WKH $PHULFDQV EHFDXVH WKH\ ZHUH ZDWFKLQJ KHU FORVHO\ LQ DQ\ PRYH RU DQ\WKLQJ VKH VD\ 6KH JDYH XV D SHQ WR ZULWH OHWWHUV WR RXU IDPLOLHV 7KH SULVRQHUV EHIRUH PH WKH\ WROG PH GRQÂˇW HYHU JLYH \RXU IDPLO\ DGGUHVV EHFDXVH WKH OHWWHU ZLOO EH WDNHQ E\ WKH $PHULFDQV DQG WUDQVODWHG DQG WRRN WKH DGGUHVVHV WKDW ZH VHQW WR $QG , KDG DQRWKHU VRQ DQG WKH\ GLGQÂˇW EULQJ KLP yet.

6R , SXW WKH DGGUHVV RI P\ EURWKHUV DQG , ZULWH MXVW WZR OHWWHUV â&#x20AC;&#x153;I am still aliveâ&#x20AC;? DQG P\ IDPLO\ GRQÂˇW NQRZ ZKHUH , DP 7KH OHWWHU DIWHU , ZDV UHOHDVHG

Francis Boyle: , MXVW ZDQW WR SRLQW RXW WKLV LV SUHFLVHO\ ZK\ WKH *HQHYD Conventions require the almost immediate registration of FLYLOLDQV ZLWK WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLWWHH RI WKH 5HG &URVV

:KHQ VKH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;These 2 months was the worst torture ever,â&#x20AC;? WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $UPHG )RUFHV NQHZ LW EHFDXVH ZLWKRXW KHU EHLQJ UHJLVWHUHG ZLWK WKH 5HG &URVV WKH\ FRXOG GR ZKDWHYHU WKH\ ZDQWHG WR KHU XS WR DQG LQFOXGLQJ PXUGHU KHU DQG WKHQ JHWWLQJ ULG RI KHU ERG\ $QG WKDW LV ZK\ VKH ZDV QRW UHJLVWHUHG IRU PRQWKV DQG RQO\ E\ WKH JUDFH RI *RG ZDV VKH QRW PXUGHUHG $QG WKDW LV DOVR ZK\ WKHQ WKLV LV D VHSDUDWH FULPH WKH HQIRUFHG GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI D KXPDQ EHLQJ IRU WKHVH PRQWKV WKDW VKH ZDV VXEMHFWHG WR $QG LQ WKH FXUUHQW FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKLV LV QRW MXVW D ZDU FULPH ,W ZDV D â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crime against Humanityâ&#x20AC;?, ZKLFK LQ WHUPV RI VHYHULW\ LV MXVW VKRUW RI genocide. Thank you.

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV , ZRXOG EH RÍżHULQJ WKH DPLFXV FXULDH P\ ZLWQHVV WR SURFHHG , GRQÂˇW NQRZ ZKHWKHU LWÂˇV DQ RSSRUWXQH time to have a short recess. I leave it entirely to Your Honours.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <RX FDQ JR RQ QRZ XQWLO

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV WKDQN \RX ,Q WKDW FDVH WKLV LV DERXW WKH SURVHFXWLRQÂ·V HOLFLWLQJ RI WHVWLPRQ\ IURP WKLV ZLWQHVV $QG QRZ ZH OHDYH LW to the Amicus Curiae to proceed. Thank you.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Good morning Madam Jameelah. Translator: Good morning. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0\ UROH KHUH LV DV DPLFXV FXULDH IRU WKH &RXUW IRU WKH 7ULEXQDO , DP D IULHQG RI WKH 7ULEXQDO , ZLOO DVN \RX TXHVWLRQV WKDW ZLOO H[SDQG RQ ZKDW \RX KDYH VDLG VR IDU DQG LI \RX GR QRW XQGHUVWDQG WKH TXHVWLRQ RU LI LW LV QRW FOHDU SOHDVH WHOO PH , GR DSRORJLVH LI VRPH RI WKHVH TXHVWLRQV RÍ¿HQG \RX beforehand. Translator: No problems. Jason Kay Kit Leon: /HWÂ·V VWDUW ZLWK \RX VDLG \RX DUH D ZLGRZ +RZ PDQ\ FKLOGUHQ GR \RX KDYH"

Translator: Three. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2ND\ WKUHH FKLOGUHQ +RZ ORQJ KDV \RXU KXVEDQG SDVVHG DZD\" Translator: About 15 years.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,V LW " $ERXW " Translator: 1999.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG LQ KRZ ROG ZHUH \RXU FKLOGUHQ" Translator: The eldest one just graduated from university. And the girl VKH ZDV VWXG\LQJ DW WKH WLPH DW WKH XQLYHUVLW\ 7KH \RXQJHVW RQH ZDV LQ SULPDU\ VFKRRO Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG \RX ZHUH \RX ZRUNLQJ DW WKDW WLPH" Translator: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH \RX ZRUNLQJ DW WKH WLPH DV WKH +HDG &KLHI RI WKH &RRSHUDWLRQV 8QLRQ" Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KHQ GLG \RX VWDUW :KDW \HDU GLG \RX VWDUW WR ZRUN"

Translator: 1980. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R E\ WKDW WLPH \RX ZHUH DOUHDG\ DERXW \HDUV LQ VHUYLFH :DV LW ZLWK WKH VDPH HPSOR\HU VLQFH " Translator: Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,Q SDUDJUDSK \RX VDLG WKDW WKH &RRSHUDWLRQV 8QLRQ WKDW manages the other government union in Kirkuk. Was it a JRYHUQPHQW SRVLWLRQ"

Translator: No.

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Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KR ZDV \RXU HPSOR\HU" Translator: 'LÍ¿HUHQW SHUVRQV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KR ZDV WKH KHDG RI WKH 8QLRQ" Translator: She is the head of the Union. Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KDW ZDV WKH MRE RI WKH XQLRQ" 7R PDQDJH RWKHU JRYHUQPHQW XQLRQV" &DQ VKH MXVW H[SODLQ D OLWWOH ELW RI ZKDW LW PHDQW"

Translator: ,W LV IRU WKH EHQHÃ&#x20AC;W RI WKH SHRSOH ,UDT DQG WKH FLWL]HQV 7KRVH ZKR KDYH OLPLW EXGJHW DQG OLPLW Ã&#x20AC;QDQFH DQG SUREOHPV 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG ZKHUH ZDV WKH IXQGLQJ IRU WKH 8QLRQ VRXUFHG IURP" Translator: )URP VXSHUPDUNHWV DQG VRPH VPDOO EXVLQHVVHV WKDW RZQ VRPH SURÃ&#x20AC;WV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ PDQ\ SHRSOH ZHUH ZRUNLQJ XQGHU KHU" 30

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV , DP QRW REMHFWLQJ EXW , FHUWDLQO\ KRSH WKDW KH FDQ VKRZ VRPH UHOHYDQFH DW VRPH SRLQW 7KHVH TXHVWLRQV RI KRZ PDQ\ HPSOR\HH DQG VR RQ 35

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV VRPH YHU\ YHU\ SHUWLQHQW RQH 1RW DOO WKHVH OLWWOH OLWWOH minor things. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , ZLOO WU\ WR VSHHG XS $Q HVWLPDWH RQ KRZ PDQ\ SHRSOH ZHUH ZRUNLQJ XQGHU KHU"

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Translator: 6KHÂˇV VD\LQJ WKH SHUVRQ ZKR EHORQJ WR WKLV RU WKH ZRUNHUV" (inaudible)

Jason Kay Kit Leon: &DQ VKH JLYH DQ HVWLPDWH" -XVW DQ HVWLPDWH ZLOO GR

Translator: 7KH ZRUNHUV WKHUH ZHUH DERXW 7KH ZRUNHUV ZHUH ZRUNLQJ IRU WKHP 7KH SHRSOH ZKR EHORQJ LQ JHQHUDO WR WKLV WKH\ ZHUH DERXW DQG PRUH Jason Kay Kit Leon: PHPEHUV LQ WKH XQLRQ $QG WKLV XQLRQ ZDV IRU RQO\ .LUNXN RU WKH ZKROH RI WKH ODUJHU DUHD" Translator: Only Kirkuk.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG KHU PDLQ VRXUFH RI LQFRPH ZDV IURP WKLV"

Translator: <HV , KDG VDODU\ IURP WKLV Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH TXHVWLRQ ZDV :DV LW WKH PDLQ VRXUFH RI KHU LQFRPH"

Translator: Just only this. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6KH PHQWLRQHG WKH\ ZHUH DVNLQJ DERXW WKH UHVLVWDQFH &DQ VKH H[SODLQ ZKR DUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;the resistanceâ&#x20AC;? IRU WKH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W RI WKRVH RI XV ZKR DUH QRW IDPLOLDU ZLWK Gurdial Singh Nijar: <RXU +RQRXUV , REMHFW WR WKDW TXHVWLRQ

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: , REMHFW WR WKDW TXHVWLRQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Who are the resistance?â&#x20AC;? This is exactly ZKDW ZH DUH WDONLQJ DERXW 7KH $PHULFDQV ZHUH VD\LQJ Â´<RXÂˇUH part of the resistance,â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;You are the resistance,â&#x20AC;? and she state very clearly in a sustained manner. So I think this a very unfair line RI TXHVWLRQLQJ WR VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Who are the resistance?â&#x20AC;? :KDW LV WKLV DQRWKHU LQWHUURJDWLRQ RU VRPHWKLQJ OLNH WKDW"

&DQ P\ FRPPHQWV DOVR EH WUDQVODWHG" 10

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0D\ WKH TXHVWLRQ EH SRVHG WR WKH ZLWQHVV RU LV LW GLVDOORZHG" Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV JR DKHDG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :KDW LV \RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH ZRUG â&#x20AC;&#x153;resistanceâ&#x20AC;? as is used LQ \RXU GHFODUDWLRQ DW SDUDJUDSK " WK OLQH :KDW GR \RX PHDQ E\ WKDW" â&#x20AC;&#x153;The resistanceâ&#x20AC;? :KR DUH \RX UHIHUULQJ WR"

Translator: :KHQ VRPHERG\ LQYDGH \RX DV D , WKLQN HYHQ %XVK ZLOO EH resistant of this. 25

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 2ND\ 6R WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;partiesâ&#x20AC;? or the â&#x20AC;&#x153;entitiesâ&#x20AC;? WKDW ZHUH UHVLVWLQJ WKH LQYDVLRQ RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LQ ,UDT WKDW LV \RXU GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RI â&#x20AC;&#x153;resistance,â&#x20AC;? \HV" 30

Translator: $Q\ ,UDTL SHRSOH ZKR UHIXVH WKH LQYDVLRQ LV D â&#x20AC;&#x153;resistanceâ&#x20AC;?. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $W WKDW WLPH GLG \RX UHIXVH WKH LQYDVLRQ RI WKH $PHULFDQV"

Translator: Yes. 40

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6SHFLILFDOO\ RQ SDUDJUDSK OLQH :HUH \RX SURYLGLQJ PRQHWDU\ DVVLVWDQFH WR RWKHU SHRSOH ZKR UHVLVWLQJ WKH LQYDVLRQ RI WKH $PHULFDQV" <RX PD\ DQVZHU RU \RX PD\ QRW DQVZHU

Translator: 6KH VDLG WKDW ZKHQ WKH $PHULFDQ EURNH LQWR KHU KRXVH E\ IRUFH DQG WKH\ VHDUFKHG HYHU\ZKHUH DQG \RX NQRZ WKDW UHVLVWDQFH QHHG D ORW RI PRQH\ WR Ă&#x20AC;QDQFH WKHP DOO EXW WKH\ GLGQÂˇW Ă&#x20AC;QG only 100. Jason Kay Kit Leon: I understand. That is in her statement. Was she providing PRQH\ WR WKH UHVLVWDQFH"

Translator: , GLGQÂˇW KDYH ,I , KDYH , ZLOO JLYH WKHP

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,WÂˇV DQ DQVZHU WKDWÂˇV DOO ZH ZDQW 0DGDP -DPHHODK D FOHDUHU picture. 3DUDJUDSK OLQH â&#x20AC;&#x153;They then searched our family car and found a battery charger and they alleged that it was used to explode bombs.â&#x20AC;?

:HUH \RX PDNLQJ ERPEV"

Translator: , WKLQN LI \RX VHDUFK DQ\ ,UDTL KRXVH \RX ZLOO Ă&#x20AC;QG D EDWWHU\ charger. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH TXHVWLRQ UHPDLQV :DV VKH PDNLQJ ERPEV"

Translator: No. Jason Kay Kit Leon: 'LG DQ\RQH LQ \RXU KRXVH WR \RXU NQRZOHGJH LQ \RXU KRXVH RU KRXVHKROG WR \RXU NQRZOHGJH ZDV PDNLQJ ERPEV"

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

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Translator: No. Jason Kay Kit Leon: Paragraph 26. Let me just read to refresh memory. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The second day with my head hooded I was taken for questioning. I was told that if I did not confess they would put my other son in prison and then will rape my daughter. I said I did not do anything wrong and have no connection with the resistance. I am willing to swear on the Quran or Bible.â&#x20AC;?

Are you Muslim or are you Christian or did you say this EHFDXVH RI \RX ZHUH VFDUHG DQJU\ WLUHG" :KDW" Translator: 1R DQG WKHQ , IHOW WKDW SHRSOH ZHUH LQVLGH WKHUH DUH QR 0XVOLP RU QR &KULVWLDQV RU -HZ Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH WKUXVW RI WKH TXHVWLRQ LV :K\ GLG VKH VD\ WKLV" :KDW ZDV KHU PHQWDO VWDWH RU ZKDW ZDV KHU SK\VLFDO VWDWH DW WKH WLPH ZKHQ VKH VDLG WKLV" Translator: 6KH VDLG WKDW , NQRZ WKDW DQ\ERG\ LQ D 7ULEXQDO ZLOO KDYH WR VZHDU RQ VRPHWKLQJ WKDW ZKDW KH LV WHOOLQJ LV WKH WUXWK 6R WKDW , VDLG , FDQ VZHDU RQ DQ\WKLQJ \RX ZDQW OLNH WKH 4XUDQ RU %LEOH $QG WKHQ DIWHU , WDON ZLWK KLP , UHDOLVHG KH GLG QRW EHOLHYH LQ DQ\ RI WKLV 'RQÂˇW WKLQN WKDW , ZLWK P\ GDXJKWHU ZH DUH DIUDLG RI WKH VROGLHUV $FWXDOO\ , ZRXOG OLNH WR VD\ ZKDW P\ GDXJKWHU VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;That you are the prisoner of us, not we are the prisoner of you, because we are human and even though we are tied, but we are free inside, not like you. You come to Iraq and invade my country.â&#x20AC;?

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH SHRSOH ZKR EHDW \RX KH SHRSOH ZKR WKUHZ \RX ZDOO WR ZDOO WKH SHRSOH ZKR KLW \RX XQWLO WKH SODVWLF ZHQW LQWR \RXU IHHW ,I WKH\ ZHUH LQ WKLV FKDLU KDQGFXÍżHG VKDFNOHG OHJV VKDFNOHG DQG QR RQH HOVH ZDV LQ WKLV URRP H[FHSW \RX DQG WKDW SHUVRQ DQG \RX KDG D VWLFN ZKDW ZRXOG \RX GR WR KLP RU KHU"

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Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXU , REMHFW WR WKLV OLQH RI TXHVWLRQLQJ ,WÂˇV SXUHO\ K\SRWKHWLFDO VSHFXODWLYH DQG HQFRXUDJLQJ WKLV YLFWLP RI ZDU crimes and a crime against humanity to admit that she herself PLJKW FRPPLW D FULPH 7KLV LV SUHSRVWHURXV EDGJHULQJ WKH ZLWQHVV LQ WKLV ZD\ DQG WU\LQJ WR HQWUDS KHU LQWR DGPLWWLQJ WKDW XQGHU FHUWDLQ K\SRWKHWLFDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV VKH PLJKW FRPPLW D FULPH 6R , REMHFW WR WKLV OLQH RI TXHVWLRQLQJ Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,V WKH REMHFWLRQ VXVWDLQHG" Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV REMHFWLRQ VXVWDLQHG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: , ZLOO PRYH RQ <RX KDYH VDLG DW SDUDJUDSKV DQG /HW XV JR WR SDUDJUDSK Ă&#x20AC;UVW WKH ODVW OLQH â&#x20AC;&#x153;The interrogator was very cruel and kept doing this for many hours.â&#x20AC;? 20

$QG WKHQ DW SDUDJUDSK OLQH â&#x20AC;&#x153;This beating went on for possibly some hours.â&#x20AC;?

You have indicated a measure of time in both instances. You have indicated â&#x20AC;&#x153;hoursâ&#x20AC;? in both instances. Was there a clock in WKH URRP DW WKDW WLPH" Translator: , GLGQÂˇW KDYH D ZDWFK DW WKDW WLPH DQG QR FORFN DW WKDW WLPH HYHQ WKRXJK WKH URRP ZDV GDUN DQG , GR QRW NQRZ ZH DUH DW night or in the day. But I can feel the hours in torturing. I can IHHO WKDW LW ZDV D ORQJ WLPH Jason Kay Kit Leon: 3XDQ -DPHHODK KDYH \RX HYHU ZRNHQ XS DW QLJKW DQG WKRXJKW LW ZDV VXEXK DOUHDG\ EXW ZDV SUREDEO\ RU DP LQ WKH PRUQLQJ" â&#x20AC;&#x153;Subuhâ&#x20AC;? PRUQLQJ SUD\HUV +DV VKH HYHU ZRNHQ XS DQG WKHQ VKH WKRXJKW LW ZDV WLPH IRU PRUQLQJ SUD\HUV EXW LW ZDV UHDOO\ DERXW RU DP LQ WKH PRUQLQJ"

Translator: , MXVW SUD\ ZLWKRXW NQRZ WKH WLPH , GRQÂˇW NQRZ ZKDW LV WLPH

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: , DP VRUU\ OHW PH FODULI\ WKH TXHVWLRQ %HIRUH WKH ZDU EHIRUH DOO RI WKLV ,ÂˇP VRUU\ P\ PLVWDNH %HIRUH WKH ZDU EHIRUH DOO WKLV KDSSHQHG GLG VKH HYHU VRPHWLPHV ZDNH XS WRR HDUO\ DQG VKH WKRXJKW LW ZDV WLPH IRU PRUQLQJ SUD\HUV EXW LW ZDV DFWXDOO\ D IHZ KRXUV HDUOLHU" 'LG VKH HYHU ZDNH XS OLNH WKDW"

Translator: 1R , SUD\HG DW WKH WLPH 10

Jason Kay Kit Leon: &RXOG VKH KDYH EHHQ ZURQJ WKDW WKH EHDWLQJV ODVWHG IRU KRXUV" Could it have been shorter. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): &RXQVHO ZKDW GLÍżHUHQFH GRHV LW PDNH HLWKHU PRUH KRXUV RU OHVV KRXUV" %HDWLQJ LV EHDWLQJ LVQÂˇW LW" Jason Kay Kit Leon: Much obliged Your Honour.

Translator: 1R ,ÂˇP QRW ZURQJ Jason Kay Kit Leon: /HW XV JR QRZ WR WKH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ SRUWLRQ 3DUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;Then my hood was removed and I saw that I was in a big hall with no windows except for a window in the ceiling. And I was then asked 2 questions my name and date of birth by an American soldier.â&#x20AC;?

+RZ GLG \RX NQRZ WKDW WKLV SHUVRQ ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ RU D VROGLHU" Translator: +H ZDV VSHDNLQJ (QJOLVK DQG WKHUH ZDV D WUDQVODWRU EHVLGH KLP

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :DV KH LQ XQLIRUP" Translator: No.

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: , DP VSHDNLQJ (QJOLVK DQG , KDYH D WUDQVODWRU $P , DQ $PHULFDQ VROGLHU"

Translator: ,W ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ EDVH 6R DOO SHRSOH WKHUH DUH American.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Could there have been non-Americans at an American military EDVH" Translator: I cannot ask the interrogator his ID and check his nationality.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: I understand ...

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXU WKLV LV FDOOLQJ IRU VSHFXODWLRQ RQ SDUW RI WKH ZLWQHVV 2EYLRXVO\ LW LV D 86 PLOLWDU\ EDVH ,W LV ZHOO NQRZQ WKDW RQ WKH 86 PLOLWDU\ EDVH LQWHUURJDWLRQV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG HLWKHU by members of the United States Armed Forces or the Central ,QWHOOLJHQFH $JHQF\ ZKR ZHUH QRW ZHDULQJ XQLIRUPV EXW DUH part of United States forces or contractors hired by either the 86 $UPHG )RUFHV RU WKH &HQWUDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH $JHQF\ ZKR DUH QRW ZHDULQJ XQLIRUPV ,Q DQ\ HYHQW DOO ZHUH DJHQWV RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $UPHG )RUFHV DQG RFFXSDWLRQ DXWKRULWLHV DQG it is purely speculative to ask these questions on the part of this victim. Thank you.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,I WKH SURVHFXWLRQ LV ZLOOLQJ WR FRQFHGH WKDW WKHUH FRXOG EH QRQ $PHULFDQV DW DQ $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ EDVH , ZLOO FHDVH immediately.

Francis Boyle: I did not concede that at all. 40

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,I LI LI WKH SURVHFXWLRQ LV ZLOOLQJ WR FRQFHGH

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Francis Boyle: ,I ZKDW" Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,I WKH SURVHFXWLRQ LV ZLOOLQJ WR FRQFHGH WKDW WKHUH FRXOG EH QRQ $PHULFDQV DW WKH $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ EDVH , ZLOO FHDVH WKLV OLQH RI TXHVWLRQLQJ DQG OHDYH LW IRU VXEPLVVLRQV 2WKHUZLVH , ZLOO UHVSHFWIXOO\ UHTXHVW WKDW WKH 7ULEXQDO DOORZ PH WR FRQWLQXH SHUKDSV D IHZ PRUH TXHVWLRQV

Francis Boyle: I simply objected this one line of questioning as speculative DQG FDOOLQJ XSRQ FRQMHFWXUH XSRQ WKH SDUW RI WKH ZLWQHVV 6KH has no idea but the person did speak American. Thank you. 15

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Proceed on other aspect of the evidence. Jason Kay Kit Leon: -XVW D PRPHQW <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV

7KH ODVW WKLQJ \RX VDLG ZDV \RX FRXOG QRW FKHFN WKH ,' RI WKH SHUVRQ ZKR ZDV LQWHUURJDWLQJ \RX <HV" Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s move on to paragraph 10: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Later a hood was placed again on my head and I was dragged to another room. There my hood was removed and I saw an American who was in civilian clothes with another Arab looking man who spoke Arabic.â&#x20AC;? :LOO \RXU DQVZHU WKH VDPH" ,V LW WKH VDPH W\SH RI DQVZHU \RX ZLOO JLYH LI , SRVH WKH VDPH OLQH RI TXHVWLRQ" Translator: 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW PDQ WKH VROGLHU ZKR DVNHG PH WZR TXHVWLRQV KH ZDV ZHDULQJ D XQLIRUP %XW , ZDQW WR FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP WKDW ZKHQ , ZDV GUDJJHG WR DQRWKHU URRP WKHUH ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ FLYLOLDQ ZKR ZDV ZHDULQJ FLYLOLDQ FORWKHV ZLWK WKH $UDE ORRNLQJ JX\

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: +RZ GRHV VKH NQRZ KH ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ" &LYLOLDQ FORWKHV" Translator: , WKLQN , DQVZHUHG WKLV EHIRUH WKDW WKH $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV ZHUH WDNLQJ PH IURP P\ KRPH DQG HYHU\ERG\ LQ ,UDT NQRZV WKDW in Kirkuk military base are for the American. All American are inside. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , XQGHUVWDQG WKH EDFNJURXQG , ZRXOG OLNH WR IRFXV QRZ RQ WKH issue ... Paragraph 10 at line 2: â&#x20AC;&#x153;There my hood was removed and I saw an American who was in civilian clothes with another Arab looking man who spoke Arabic.â&#x20AC;?

'LG VKH GHGXFH WKDW WKLV FLYLOLDQ PDQ ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ EHFDXVH KH ZDV VSHDNLQJ (QJOLVK DQG KDG D WUDQVODWRU :DV WKDW WKH UHDVRQ VKH FRQFOXGHV WKDW LW ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ" 20

Translator: , ZDV TXLWH VXUH EHFDXVH ZH NQRZ WKDW WKHUH ZHUH VRPH SDUWV of Iraq for American military and the other part are for British PLOLWDU\ 6R , ZDV TXLWH VXUH WKDW KH LV $PHULFDQ 6KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you think that they are really very nice so you can ask them, Âś:KDW LV \RXU QDWLRQDOLW\"Âˇ DQG \RX FDQÂˇW HYHQ WKLQN ZKDW LV KLV nationality because even before answering any question they start to beating her?â&#x20AC;? Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0D\ , GHGXFH QRZ WKDW VKH DVVXPHG KH ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ EHFDXVH VKH ZDV LQ WKH $PHULFDQ SDUW RI .LUNXN UDWKHU WKDQ WKH %ULWLVK SDUW &DQ , VD\ WKDW" Translator: , WKLQN , KDYH DQVZHUHG \RX EHIRUH ZKHQ , VDLG WKHUHÂˇV DQ American soldier break into my house and only American soldier. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $OULJKW 7KH $PHULFDQ WKDW ZDV LQ SDUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;the American military broke into my home by force in Kirkuk and I was very frightened.â&#x20AC;? 7KH\ ZHUH LQ XQLIRUP"

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Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: :DV VKH IULJKWHQHG RU QRW" , KHDUG WKDW VKH ZDV QRW IULJKWHQHG MXVW QRZ Translator: ,I \RX FDQ MXVW IHHO WKH VLWXDWLRQ WKDW ZKHQ WKH\ FDPH DQG EURNH LQWR P\ KRXVH WKH ZD\ WKDW WKH\ FDPH WKHUH ZHUH DHURSODQHV VWDUWHG WR Ă \ DURXQG DQG WKHUH ZHUH D ORW RI WUXFNV a lot of soldiers is like I feel that they are coming for a very ELJ WDUJHW DQG , GLGQÂˇW UHDOLVHG LW ZDV PH $QG WKHQ LWÂˇV OLNH ZH DUH DOO VFDUHG EHFDXVH RI ZKDW LV KDSSHQLQJ :H WKRXJKW something big happening. And then they didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t break into P\ KRXVH MXVW OLNH WKLV WKH\ ZHUH XVLQJ VRXQG ERPEV DQG WKH\ EUHDN LQWR P\ KRXVH DQG HYHQ , FRXOGQÂˇW UHPHPEHU KRZ , ZDV LQ WKH VW Ă RRU , FRXOGQÂˇW UHPHPEHU KRZ , JRW GRZQ 6R VKH ZDV IULJKWHQHG

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6KH ZDV IULJKWHQHG , ZRXOG EH WRR DFWXDOO\ $UH \RX D ELJ WDUJHW" Translator: I felt that. Jason Kay Kit Leon: , VXSSRVH WKH DFWXDO TXHVWLRQ , ZDQWHG WR DVN $UH \RX D PHPEHU RI WKH %DDWK SDUW\"

Translator: <HV DQG LWÂˇV P\ KRQRXU Jason Kay Kit Leon: You mentioned about good food and bad food given depending XSRQ KRZ PXFK \RX FRRSHUDWHG :KDW ZRXOG \RX FRQVLGHU JRRG IRRG DQG ZKDW ZRXOG \RX FRQVLGHU EDG IRRG" &RXOG you elaborate.

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Translator: 6KH VDLG WKH\ ZHUH XVLQJ WKLV PHWKRG :KHQ , HQWHU WKH MDLO WKH\ DOZD\V WHOO PH â&#x20AC;&#x153;If you cooperate, we will give you good food, if you do not, we will not.â&#x20AC;?

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 1RZ REYLRXVO\ VKH GLG QRW FRRSHUDWH RU VKH GLG QRW VD\ DQ\WKLQJ \HV" 10

Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $QG ZKDW IRRG GLG VKH JHW"

Translator: 7KHUH LV D SODVWLF EDJ WKHUH LV WKLQJV LQVLGH , MXVW UHFRJQL]HG WKH ELVFXLW VR , HDW WKH ELVFXLW DQG , WRRN WKH ZDWHU $QG WKH RWKHU WKLQJV LQVLGH KDV D EDG VPHOO VR , GLGQÂˇW 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R WKLV ZRXOG EH â&#x20AC;&#x153;bad foodâ&#x20AC;? in her ...

Translator: Yes. Jason Kay Kit Leon: -XVW IHZ PRUH TXHVWLRQV <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV 3DUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;Two Apache helicopters came with a few American soldiers ...â&#x20AC;? ... 7KH QG ODVW OLQH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Because if the resistance shot at the helicopter ZH ZRXOG EH OLNHO\ KLW Ă&#x20AC;UVW Âľ 7R \RXU NQRZOHGJH WR \RXU RZQ SHUVRQDO NQRZOHGJH ZHUH WKH UHVLVWDQFH VKRRWLQJ DW $SDFKH KHOLFRSWHUV" Translator: , GRQÂˇW NQRZ Jason Kay Kit Leon: )LUVW SDJH SDUDJUDSK WKLV ZDV ZKHQ \RX ZHUH DUUHVWHG taken: â&#x20AC;&#x153;My hands were tied at the back with wire very tightly and the soldiers dragged me.â&#x20AC;? /LNH WKLV"

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Translator: <HV 8QWLO QRZ , FDQQRW PRYH P\ OHIW DUP WR P\ EDFN $QG WKDW ZDV WKH PRVW SDLQIXO WKLQJ KDSSHQHG WR PH WKLV SRVLWLRQ WLOO WKH EORRG FDQQRW FLUFXODWH 7KH ZLUH ZDV D Q\ORQ VR ZKHQ WKH\ WLHG \RX \RX FDQQRW HYHQ EUHDWKH $QG QRZ , FDQQRW SXW my left arm back.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HUH \RX UHVLVWLQJ DUUHVW DW WKDW SRLQW" 10

Translator: No. Jason Kay Kit Leon: %XW WKH\ GUDJJHG \RX DQ\ZD\"

Translator: <HV DQG YHU\ VWURQJO\ DQG IURP P\ KDLU DQG WKLQJV , GRQ·W ZDQW WR VD\ 20

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6KH PD\ FKRRVH WR DQVZHU RU QRW DQVZHU 7KH ODVW SDUDJUDSK the last sentence: ´:RPHQ KDYH VXͿHUHG WUHPHQGRXVO\ DQG PDQ\ have been raped.” , MXVW DVN 'LG VKH VHH DQ\ RI WKHVH" 'LG VKH ZLWQHVV DQ\ RI WKHVH RU ZDV LW RQO\ ZKDW VKH KHDUG"

Translator: :KHQ , HQWHUHG $EX *KUDLE WKHUH ZHUH JLUOV %HIRUH , HQWHUHG WKH WRUWXUH URRP WKH\ ZHUH UDSHG $QG XQWLO QRZ ZH GRQ·W NQRZ ZH FRXOGQ·W ÀQG WKHP RU ZKHUH WKHUH DUH QRZ

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KH VHTXHQFH LV “before she entered.” 'LG VKH ZLWQHVV LW RU GLG VKH ZLWQHVV WKH DIWHUPDWK" 35

Translator: <HV :KHQ , HQWHUHG FRPLQJ IURP WKH DLUSRUW , VDZ WKRVH JLUOV $QG DIWHU WKDW WKH\ GLVDSSHDUHG EXW ZKHQ , JR XS DIWHU ,·YH EHHQ LQ WKH WRUWXUH URRP WKH RWKHU ZRPDQ SULVRQHUV WROG PH WKDW WKHVH JLUOV DUH VLVWHUV DQG WKH\ ZHUH UDSHG

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: 6R VKH NQHZ EHFDXVH VKH ZDV WROG E\ WKH RWKHU ZRPHQ LQ WKH prison"

Translator: <HV $QG WKDW ZDV WKH PRVW ZKDW , VFDUHG ZKHQ , ZDV KHUH WKDW P\ GDXJKWHU DQG P\ IHPDOH JXHVW ZLOO ZLWQHVV WKH VDPH WKLQJ $QG WKLV LV ZDV PRUH WKDQ ZKDW , ZLWQHVV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 3Q -DPHHODK WKDQN \RX , ZLOO DSRORJLVH RQ EHKDOI RI WKH $UDE PDQ ZKR VODSSHG \RX , GRQÂ·W NQRZ KLP EXW D PDQ VKRXOG QHYHU VODS D ZRPDQ

Translator: , MXVW ZDQW WR VD\ WKDW WKH IHPDOH ERG\ LV DEVROXWHO\ GLÍ¿HUHQW IURP WKH PDOH ERG\ EXW WKH WRUWXUH PHWKRGV ZHUH WKH VDPH for both sex and has the same brutality.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you very much Puan Jameelah. No further questions.

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV MXVW D IHZ TXHVWLRQV RQ UH FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ ,W ZLOO QRW WDNH ORQJ LI , PD\ -XVW D IHZ TXHVWLRQV WR FODULI\ your testimony. You say you refused the American occupation but you did not XVH PLOLWDU\ IRUFH DJDLQVW WKH $PHULFDQV ,V WKDW FRUUHFW" <RX GLG QRW XVH PLOLWDU\ IRUFH DJDLQVW WKH $PHULFDQV" Translator: Yes.

Francis Boyle: And you did not take up any type of arms against the $PHULFDQ" Translator: Yes.

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Francis Boyle: And you did not assist to make any type of bombs or explosives WR EH XVHG DJDLQVW WKH $PHULFDQV"

Translator: 1R 7KH LQYDVLRQ WR ,UDT ZDV DW WKH UG PRQWK $QG DIWHU PRQWKV , ZDV WDNHQ

Francis Boyle: 3DUGRQ"

Translator: 7KH LQYDVLRQ RI ,UDT KDSSHQHG DQG DIWHU PRQWKV WKH\ arrested me. 15

Francis Boyle: 5LJKW 7KDQN \RX 0V +DPHHG 7KDWÂ·V DOO , ZDQWHG WR DVN <RXU +RQRXUV LQ RUGHU WR FODULI\ WKH IDFW GHVSLWH DQ\ FRQIXVLRQ WKDW PLJKW KDYH RFFXUUHG LQ KHU FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ WKDW VKH DW DOO WLPHV UHPDLQHG D FLYLOLDQ ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH 4th *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW ZDV obligated to respect all of her rights under the 4th Geneva Convention as a civilian. She never took up arms against US military occupation forces. There are no grounds to believe she did this. She never used any type of military force against US military occupation forces. 6R IRU WKDW UHDVRQ VKH ZDV DW DOO WLPHV SURWHFWHG RU SURWHFWHG SHUVRQ ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH th Geneva Convention. $QG KHU ULJKWV DOO DUWLFOHV RI WKDW &RQYHQWLRQ SURWHFWHG her absolutely. She had more rights under the 4th Geneva &RQYHQWLRQ WKDW \RX RU , KHUH ZRXOG KDYH ZDONLQJ GRZQ WKH VWUHHWV RI 0DOD\VLD 6KH ZDV EDVLFDOO\ VDFUHG DQG WKH\ YLRODWHG her completely.

6KH ZDV RQ D 86 PLOLWDU\ EDVH DQG LW GLGQÂ·W PDWWHU ZKR tortured her on the US military base. The United States JRYHUQPHQW RQ WKDW EDVH ZDV WKH EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW DQG under the 4th *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ WKH\ KDG DQ DEVROXWH REOLJDWLRQ WR PDNH VXUH VKH ZDVQÂ·W WRUWXUHG E\ DQ\RQH ZKHWKHU LW ZDV 86 PLOLWDU\ IRUFHV RU WKH &,$ RU DUPHG

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FRQWUDFWRUV KLUHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW 6R LWÂ·V FRPSOHWHO\ LUUHOHYDQW ZKR GLG WKDW WRUWXUH ,W ZDV WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHVÂ· REOLJDWLRQ WR PDNH VXUH VKH ZDV QRW WRUWXUHG RU DEXVHG by anyone. The United States of America at all times the belligerent occupant of Iraq. Yesterday I referred to this point in a Security Council 5HVROXWLRQ DFFHSWHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WKDW ZDV WKH EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW RI ,UDT DQG , JDYH \RX WKH FLWDWLRQ IRU WKDW 5HVROXWLRQ , QRZ KDYH DQ DUWLFOH , ZURWH GLUHFWO\ RQ WKLV SRLQW ZKLFK , DVN WR EH FLUFXODWHG WR WKH MXGJHV DQG WR WKH GHIHQFH detailing all obligations of the United States government XQGHU WKDW 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO 5HVROXWLRQ XQGHU WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV XQGHU WKH +DJXH 5HJXODWLRQV DQG HYHQ XQGHU the United States governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s /DZ RI /DQG :DUIDUH )LHOG Manual 27-10 WKDW LV VWLOO ELQGLQJ HVWDEOLVKLQJ WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW ZDV WKH EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW RI ,UDT XQGHU all these sources and had an absolute obligation to make sure WKDW SHRSOH VXFK DV WKLV YLFWLP DQG RXU SUHYLRXV YLFWLPV ZHUH not subject to torture. Jason Kay Kit Leon: $PLFXV ZLVKHV WR UHFRUG LWV WKDQNV WR 3URIHVVRU %R\OH RI WKH SUHYLHZ RI WKH SURVHFXWLRQÂ·V VXEPLVVLRQ

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): , ZLOO QRZ DGMRXUQ IRU OXQFK %H EDFN DW

Translator: , ZDQW WR WKDQN 0U &RXQVHO DQG , ZDQW WR VD\ WKDW WKH SHUVRQ ZKR WRUWXUHG PH ZDV WKH SHUVRQ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH JXDUG DQG KHU MRE ZDV MXVW WR EULQJ ZDWHU WR WKH SULVRQHUV DQG PDLQWDLQ WKH SODFH $QG , ZDQW WR VD\ DOVR WKDW WKLV $PHULFDQ VROGLHU WKDW VKH ZDV DFWLQJ DJDLQVW DQ\ KXPDQ ULJKWV 6KH ZDV UHIXVLQJ DOO WKH WLPH UHIXVLQJ XV WR JR WR WKH WRLOHW $QG LI ZH GLG DQ\WKLQJ LQVLGH RXU FHOOV ZH ZRXOG EH EHDWHQ DOVR $QG ZKHQ , DVN IRU WKH DQG , ZDQWHG WR NQRZ IURP ZKHUH , can take my rights because in the ... the general said that she KDV QR ULJKWV RI ZKDW VKH GLG WR \RX %XW KRZ GR , JHW P\ ULJKWV"

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 2ND\ , WKLQN ZHÂ·YH UHFRUGHG DOO WKDW :H WKDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK 0V -DPHHODK -XVW FRQYH\ RXU WKDQNV DQG ZHÂ·OO VD\ WKDW ZH VDOXWH KHU DV EHLQJ D YHU\ EUDYH ZRPDQ IRU KDYLQJ ZLWKVWRRG all that and come here and testify this again. Thank you very much.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): &DQ ZH SURFHHG DW " 10

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV ZH ZLOO EH DEOH WR SURFHHG DW Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXU LI , PD\ -XGJH :HEUH KDG DVNHG IRU WKH =HOLNRZ PHPRUDQGXP DQG ZH ZLOO EH PDNLQJ VXEPLVVLRQV RQ LW EXW KHUH LW LV &RXOG WKH 5HJLVWUDU SOHDVH GLVWULEXWH WKH =HOLNRZ PHPRUDQGXP WR HYHU\RQH VLQFH -XGJH :HEUH UHTXHVWHG LW $QG DOVR WKLV PRUQLQJ ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH FKDUJH RI FRQVSLUDF\ , KDYH VLJKWHG WKH DUWLFOH E\ 3URIHVVRU -RUGDQ 3DXVW ZKLFK , DOVR KDYH KHUH :H ZLOO EH PDNLQJ VXEPLVVLRQV RQ WKLV DOVR in the further course of the proceedings. But here it is. It HVWDEOLVKHV WKH IDFW WKDW WKH ODZ\HUV ZHUH LQGHHG SDUW RI D criminal conspiracy to undermine the Geneva Conventions and the US War Crimes Act. And I should point out Professor Paust is one of the United 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD OHDGLQJ H[SHUWV RQ WKH ODZV RI ZDU DQG EHIRUH EHFRPLQJ D SURIHVVRU KH KDG EHHQ D SURIHVVLRQDO PLOLWDU\ ODZ\HU ZLWK WKH -$* FRUS ZRUNLQJ IRU WKH 3HQWDJRQ LQ FKDUJH RI LQYHVWLJDWLQJ DQG SURVHFXWLQJ ZDU FULPHV 6R , ZRXOG DVN the Registrar to please distribute Professor Paustâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s article at this time. Thank you Your Honours.

Registrar Musa Ismail: Court is adjourn and shall resume proceedings at 2.30pm. All rise.

*****

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08 May 2012 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Session 2 Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

[Registrar distributes the Statutory Declaration of Ali S.H. Abbas @ Ali Shalal and Rhuhel Ahmed to the Judges]

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\ LW SOHDVH <RXU +RQRXUV , KDYH WKURXJK WKH 5HJLVWUDU WHQGHUHG IRU <RXU +RQRXUVÂ· DWWHQWLRQ WZR 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQV 7KH Ã&#x20AC;UVW LV WKH 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ E\ Ali Sh. Abbas @ Ali Shalal DQG , UHVSHFWIXOO\ UHTXHVW WKDW WKH 7ULEXQDO marks this as P4.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 3 "

Gurdial Singh Nijar: P4 - Ali S.H. Abbas @ Ali Shalal and the second Statutory Declaration is that by Rhuhel Ahmed and I request that this be marked as P5. We have supplied copies to the Defence WHDP DV ZHOO <RXU +RQRXUV WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK , SURSRVH WKH DIWHUQRRQ SURFHHGLQJV FRQWLQXH VXEMHFW DOZD\V WR <RXU +RQRXUV GLUHFWLRQ LQ WKLV PDWWHU Ã&#x20AC;UVW LV , SURSRVH WR UHDG RU KLJKOLJKW DVSHFWV RI WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ P\VHOI DQG , ZLVK LW WR EH HQWHUHG RQ UHFRUG WKDW ERWK WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH VFKHGXOHG WR FRPH EXW WKHLU H[SODQDWLRQ DV KDV EHHQ LQWLPDWHG WR <RXU Honours earlier - they have been very traumatised by this. $OL 6K $EEDV LV LQ IDFW XQGHUJRLQJ PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW DQG LI WKH GHIHQFH VR ZLVKHV ZH FDQ VXSSO\ WKH FRQÃ&#x20AC;UPDWLRQ IURP the doctors of this fact. And so it is our respectful request that these statutory declarations be accepted as forming part of the evidence in this Tribunalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hearing. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): The explanation for Aliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s absence today ...

Gurdial Singh Nijar: Yes ...

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attending ... Gurdial Singh Nijar: +HÂˇV DWWHQGLQJ PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW DQG WKLV LV QRW XQUHODWHG WR WKH LQĂ LFWLRQ RI WKH DFWV E\ WKH FRDOLWLRQ IRUFHV OHG E\ WKH Americans. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): So ... (conferring) ...

Gurdial Singh Nijar: So I ask that these 2 statutory declarations be accepted as forming part of the record of the proceedings of the Tribunal. 15

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 5KXKHO :KDW LV WKH H[SODQDWLRQ" ,V KH UHFHLYLQJ PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW DOVR" Gurdial Singh Nijar: 5KXKHO ZH GR QRW KDYH D FOHDU H[SODQDWLRQ +H ZDV VXSSRVHG WR KDYH FRPH DQG WKHQ DW WKH ODVW PLQXWH KH MXVW VDLG WKDW KHÂˇV XQDEOH WR FRPH DQG WR WHVWLI\ DOO RYHU DJDLQ ZLWK UHJDUG WR WKH treatments he received.

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 6R ZKHUH LV KH DW WKH PRPHQW" Gurdial Singh Nijar: We understand that he is actually in the United Kingdom. So ZKDW , SURSRVH WR GR LV WKDW 5KXKHOÂˇV 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ EH HQWHUHG DQG , DOVR ZLOO UHTXHVW WKDW WKH QRWHV ZLWK regard to his giving of the testimony before the War Crimes &RPPLVVLRQ QRW WKH 7ULEXQDO ZKLFK IRUPV SDUW RI WKH UHSRUW WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW UHSRUW KLWCT Reports 2009 from pages 87 to 98 be DOVR DFFHSWHG 6R LW ZLOO EXWWUHVV E\ WKH IDFW WKDW KH DFWXDOO\ DSSHDUHG EHIRUH WKH ./ :DU &ULPHV &RPPLVVLRQ ZKLFK LV the investigative arm of this proceedings. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 0D\ ZH NQRZ 5KXKHO LV QRW FRPLQJ DQG ZKR KDV KH LQIRUP LW"

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: He has informed the Secretariat of the KL War Crimes &RPPLVVLRQ :H ZURWH WR KLP KDG VRPH FRUUHVSRQGHQFH ZLWK KLP DQG WKHQ Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ KH VDLG KHÂˇV QRW DEOH WR FRPH DQG ZLVKHV XV OXFN LQ WKH SURFHHGLQJV VR HVVHQWLDOO\ ZH GHGXFH IURP WKDW WKDW KH MXVW GRHVQÂˇW ZDQW WR UH OLYH WKLV H[SHULHQFH DQG VR ZH DVN WKDW KLV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH QRWHV RI SURFHHGLQJV ZKHUH KH UH VWDWHG KLV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ DQG KH ZDV DVNHG TXHVWLRQV E\ PHPEHUV RI WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV &RPPLVVLRQ DQG LW DSSHDUV DW SDJH WR 6R KHÂˇV DFWXDOO\ WHVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG EHIRUH DQRWKHU DUP RI WKH XQGHU that Charter of the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission. Under the 5XOHV RI (YLGHQFH DQG 3URFHGXUH RI WKH 7ULEXQDO 3DUW XQGHU $UWLFOH HYHQ VHFRQGDU\ DQG KHDUVD\ HYLGHQFH LV DGPLVVLEOH LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI MXVWLFH $UWLFOH ZKLFK DSSHDUV at page 41 of the red book. If I could respectfully invite Your +RQRXUV WR UHIHU EULHĂ \ WR $UWLFOH ,W VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Secondary and hearsay evidence may be admissible in the interest of justice in particular circumstances but the Tribunal shall accord VHFRQGDU\ DQG KHDUVD\ HYLGHQFH OHVV FRJHQF\ DQG VKDOO GHFLGH Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ on the total weight of the evidence with due regard being given to primary evidence.â&#x20AC;?

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV \RX PD\ SURFHHG Gurdial Singh Nijar: , UHIHU WR WKH 6WDWXWRU\ 'HFODUDWLRQ RI $OL 6K $EEDV DQG , ZLOO WU\ WR VXPPDULVH VRPH RI WKH HYLGHQFH ZKHUH SRVVLEOH +H ZDV WKHQ \HDUV ROG +H ZDV DQ ,VODPLF OHFWXUHU LQ WKH FLW\

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RI $O $ODPL\D ,UDT DQG KH ZDQWHG WR WHVWLI\ WR SXW RQ UHFRUG KLV WRUWXUH H[SHULHQFH ZKLOH LQ $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ :KLOH KH ZDV JRLQJ WR SUD\HU LQ WKH PRVTXH LQ $ODPL\D 13th 2FWREHU DIWHU WKH $PHULFDQV LQYDGHG ,UDT WKH American troops arrested him. They tied his hands to the EDFN SXW D EDJ RYHU KLV KHDG DQG WRRN KLP WR D VPDOO SULVRQ LQ D 86 PLOLWDU\ FDPS DQG KH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HV WKH PLOLWDU\ FDPS FRPPDQGHU DV RQH &DSWDLQ 3KLOLSV ZKR WROG KLP WKDW KH KDG EHHQ RUGHUHG WR DUUHVW KLP DQG KH GLG QRW NQRZ WKH UHDVRQV $IWHU GD\V WKH\ WUDQVIHUUHG KLP WR $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ DQG WRJHWKHU ZLWK RWKHU GHWDLQHHV WKH\ ZHUH PDGH WR VLW RQ WKH Ă RRU ZHUH GUDJJHG WR WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ URRP 7KLV VR FDOOHG URRP DQG , TXRWH

This so called room is in fact a toilet (approximately 2 metres E\ PHWUHV DQG ZDV Ă RRGHG ZLWK ZDWHU DQG KXPDQ ZDVWH XS WR P\ DQNOH OHYHO , ZDV DVNHG WR VLW LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;OWK\ ZDVWH ZDWHU while the American interrogator stood outside the door with a translator. After the interrogation I would be removed from the toilet and before the next detainee is put into the toilet, the guards would XULQDWH LQWR WKH Ă&#x20AC;OWK\ ZDWHU LQ IURQW RI WKH RWKHU GHWDLQHHV 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW TXHVWLRQ WKH\ DVNHG ZHUH Âś$UH \RX 6XQQL RU 6KLLD"Âˇ , DQVZHUHG WKDW WKLV LV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WLPH , KDYH EHHQ DVNHG WKLV question in my life. I was surprised by this question, as in ,UDT DW WKDW WLPH WKHUH LV QR VXFK GLVWLQFWLRQ RU GLÍżHUHQFH The American interrogator replied that I must answer directly the question and not to reply outside the question. He then said that in Iraq there are Sunnis, there are Shiias, there are Kurds. The interrogators wore civilian clothes and the translator, an Afro-American, wore an American army uniform.

When I answered that I am an Iraqi Muslim, the interrogator refused to accept my answer and charged me for the following RÍżHQFH 7KDW , DP DQWL =LRQLVW DQG DQWL 6HPLWLF , VXSSRUWHG the resistance; I instigated the people to oppose the occupation; that I knew the location of Osama bin Laden.

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I protested and said that Muslims and Jews descended from the same historical family. I said that I could not be in the resistance because I am a disabled person have an injured hand.

The interrogator accused me that I had injured my hand while attacking the American soldiers. The interrogator informed me that they knew that I was an important person in the community and therefore could help them. As an inducement IRU P\ FRRSHUDWLRQ WKH LQWHUURJDWRU RÍżHUHG PHGLFDO KHOS IRU P\ injured hand. When I did not cooperate, the interrogator asked me whether I considered the American army as â&#x20AC;&#x153;liberatorâ&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;occupierâ&#x20AC;?. When I replied that they were â&#x20AC;&#x153;occupiers,â&#x20AC;? he lost his temper and threatened me. He told me that I would be sent to Guantanamo Bay where even animals would not be able to survive. They took me to another room, record of my thumb print, photo of my eye, sample of my saliva for DNA analysis. They tagged me, put a band round my wrist with the following particulars: my name, a number, my religious status and whether I had previous arrest. They then beat me repeatedly, put me in a truck to transfer me to another part of the Abu Ghraib prison. This part of the prison, was in an open space and consisted RI Ă&#x20AC;YH VHFWRUV VXUURXQGHG E\ ZDOOV DQG EDUE ZLUHV DQG ZDV FDOOHG Â´)LML /DQGÂľ (DFK VHFWRU KDG Ă&#x20AC;YH WHQWV DQG VXUURXQGHG by barb wires. When I was removed from the truck, the soldiers marked my forehead with the words â&#x20AC;&#x153;Big Fishâ&#x20AC;? in red. All the detainees in this camp are considered â&#x20AC;&#x153;Big Fishâ&#x20AC;?. This was camp â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bâ&#x20AC;?. The living conditions in the camp were very bad. Each tent would have 45 to 50 detainees and the space for each detainee measured only 30cm by 30cm. We had to wait 2 to 3 hours just to go to the toilets. Very little water. Each tent was given only 60 litres of water daily to be shared by the detainees. This water was used for drinking and washing and cleaning the wounds after the torture sessions. They would also make us to stand for long hours.

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Sometimes, as a punishment, no food is given to us. When food is given, breakfast is at 5.00am, lunch at 8.00am, dinner at 1.00pm. During Ramadhan, they bring food twice daily, first at 12.00 midnight and the second is given during fasting time to make the detainees break the religious duty of fasting. During my captivity in the camp, I was interrogated and tortured twice. Each time I was threatened that I would be sent to Guantanamo Bay prison. During this period, I heard from my fellow detainees that they were tortured by cigarette burns, injected with hallucinating chemicals and had their rectum inserted with various types of instruments, wooden sticks, pipes. They would return to the camp, bleeding profusely. Some had their bones broken.

In my camp, I saw detainees brought over from a secret prison which I came to know later as being housed in the “Arabian Oil Institute” building, situated in the north of Baghdad. These detainees were badly injured.

After one month, and just before sunset, my number was called and they put a bag over my head and my hands were tied behind my back. My legs were also tied. They then transferred me to a cell.

When I was brought to the cell, they asked me in Arabic to strip but when I refused, they tore my clothes and tied me up DJDLQ 7KH\ WKHQ GUDJJHG PH XS D ÁLJKW RI VWDLUV DQG ZKHQ , could not move, they beat me repeatedly. When I reached the top of the stairs, they tied me to some steel bars. They then threw at me human waste and urinated on me. Next, they put a gun to my head and said that they would execute me, kill me there. Another soldier would use a megaphone to shout at me using abusive words and to humiliate me. During this time, I could hear the screams of other detainees being tortured. This went on till the next morning.

In the morning, an Israeli stood in front of me and took the bag from my head and told me in Arabic that he

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was an Israeli had interrogated and tortured detainees in Palestine. He told me that when detainees would not cooperate, they would be killed. He asked me repeatedly for QDPHV RI UHVLVWDQFH Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV , WROG KLP WKDW , GR QRW NQRZ DQ\ UHVLVWDQFH Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV EXW KH ZRXOG QRW EHOLHYH PH DQG continued to beat me. This Israeli dressed in civilian clothes tortured me by inserting LQ WXUQ Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZLWK D MDJJHG ZRRGHQ VWLFN LQWR P\ UHFWXP DQG WKHQ ZLWK WKH EDUUHO RI D ULĂ H , ZDV FXW LQVLGH DQG EOHG profusely. During this time, when any guard walked past me, they would beat me. I had no food for 36 hours. The next morning. the Israeli interrogator came to my cell and tied me to the grill of the cell and he then played the pop song, â&#x20AC;&#x153;By the Rivers of Babylonâ&#x20AC;? by pop group Boney M, FRQWLQXRXVO\ XQWLO WKH QH[W PRUQLQJ 7KH HÍżHFW RQ PH ZDV WKDW I lost my hearing, which is permanent, and I lost my mind. It was very painful and I lost consciousness. I only woke up when the Israeli guard poured water on my head and face. When I regain consciousness, he started beating me again and GHPDQGHG WKDW , WHOO KLP RI WKH QDPHV RI UHVLVWDQFH Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV and what activities that I did against the American soldiers. :KHQ , WROG KLP WKDW , GLG QRW NQRZ DQ\ UHVLVWDQFH Ă&#x20AC;JKWHUV he kicked me many many times. I was kept in the cell without clothes - thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nude - for two weeks. During this time, an American guard by the name of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Grainerâ&#x20AC;? accompanied by a Moroccan Jew called Idel Palm (also known as Abu Hamid) came to my cell and asked me about my bandaged hand which was injured before I was arrested. I told him that I had an operation. He then pulled the bandage which stained with blood from my hand and in GRLQJ VR WRUH WKH VNLQ DQG Ă HVK IURP P\ KDQGV , ZDV LQ JUHDW pain and when I asked him for some pain killers, he stepped on my hands and said â&#x20AC;&#x153;this is American pain killerâ&#x20AC;? and laughed at me. On the 15th day of detention, I was given a blanket. I was relieved that some comfort was given to me. As I had no clothes at all, he was nude, I made a hole in the centre of the blanket by rubbing the blanket against the wall, and I was able to

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cover my body. This is how all the prisoners cover their bodies when they were given a blanket. One day, a prisoner walked past my cell and told me that the interrogators want to speed up their investigation and would use more brutal methods of torture to get answers that they want from the prisoners. I was brought to the investigation room, after they put a bag over my head. When I entered the investigation room, they remove the bag from my head to let me see the electrical wires which was attached to an electrical wall socket. Present in the room was the Moroccan Jew, Idel Palm, the Israeli interrogator, two Americans one known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Daviesâ&#x20AC;? and the other â&#x20AC;&#x153;Federickâ&#x20AC;? and two others. They all wore civilian clothes, except the Americans who wore army uniforms. Idel Palm told me in Arabic that unless I cooperated, this would be my last chance to stay alive. I told him that I do not know anything about the resistance. The bag was then placed over my head again, and left alone for a long time. During this time, I heard several screams and cries from detainees who were being tortured. The interrogators returned and forcefully placed me on top of a carton box containing can food. They then connected the ZLUHV WR P\ Ă&#x20AC;QJHUV DQG RUGHUHG PH WR VWUHWFK P\ KDQG RXW horizontally, and switched on the electric power. As the electric current entered my whole body, I felt as if my eyes were being IRUFHG RXW DQG VSDUNV Ă \LQJ 0\ WHHWK ZHUH FODWWHULQJ YLROHQWO\ and my legs shaking violently as well. My whole body was shaking all over.â&#x20AC;? ,Q IDFW WKLV ZDV ODWHU H[SRVHG LQ WKH &%6 1HZV WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG RQ st 0D\ DQG this was the image that was, the very famous image from that CBS May 2004. This is it.

>3URIHVVRU 1LMDU VKRZLQJ WKH QHZVSDSHU FXWWLQJ ZLWK WKH SLFWXUH RI the man in the hood standing on a box] 40

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, ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG RQ WKUHH VHSDUDWH VHVVLRQV 2Q WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW two sessions, I was electrocuted twice, each time lasting few minutes. On the last session, as I was being electrocuted, I accidentally bit my tongue and was bleeding from the mouth. They stop the electrocution and a doctor was called to attend WR PH , ZDV O\LQJ GRZQ RQ WKH Ă RRU 7KH GRFWRU SRXUHG VRPH water into my mouth and used his feet to force open my mouth. He then remarked, â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is nothing serious, continue!â&#x20AC;? WKDWÂˇV WKH GRFWRU 7KHQ KH OHIW WKH URRP +RZHYHU WKH JXDUG stopped the electrocution as I was bleeding profusely from my mouth and blood was all over my blanket and body. But they continued to beat me. After some time, they stopped beating me and took me back to my cell. Throughout the time of my torture, the interrogators would WDNH SKRWRJUDSKV WKDWÂˇV KRZ WKH &%6 1HZV JRW WKLV I was then left alone in my cell for 49 days. During this period of detention, they stopped torturing me. At the end of the 49th day, I was transferred back to the camp, in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tent Câ&#x20AC;? and remained there for another 45 days. I was informed by a prisoner that he over heard some guards saying that I was wrongly arrested and that I would be released.

I was released in the beginning of March 2004 so he was arrested 13 October 2003, the following year, he was released. I was put into a truck and taken to a highway and thrown out. A passing car stopped and took me home.

As a result of this experience, I decided to establish an association to assist all torture victims, with the help of twelve other torture victims. I feel very sad that I have to remember and relive this horrible experience again and again, and I hope that the Malaysian people will answer our call for help, God willing.

And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1960. 40

1DPHG $EEDV DQG KH VLJQHG LW ,UDTL SDVVSRUW VR RQ 6R WKDW is Ali Sh. Abbas.

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$QG , MXVW ZDQW WR VD\ WKDW $OL 6K $EEDV DW WKDW WLPH ZDV OLYLQJ LQ $PPDQ -RUGDQ DQG QRZ KH LV LQ *HUPDQ\ XQGHUJRLQJ PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW OLNH , VDLG DULVLQJ RXW RI KLV condition.

$QG WKHQ ZH KDYH Rhuhel Ahmed %ULWLVK 3DVVSRUW QXPEHU VR DQG VR FLWL]HQ RI WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP 1RZ , MXVW ZDQW WR SUHIDFH WKLV E\ VD\LQJ DQG , ZLOO UHDG WKLV LQ 2FWREHU SDUDJUDSK KHÂˇV D \RXQJ ER\ DW WKH WLPH \HDUV ROG LQ 2FWREHU , DQG RI P\ IULHQGV 6KDĂ&#x20AC;T $VLI DQG 0RQLU ZHQW WR 3DNLVWDQ IRU $VLIÂˇV ZHGGLQJ DQG D KROLGD\ :H ZHUH WKHUH HDUO\ DERXW weeks before the wedding and we toured part of Pakistan and later we decided to go tour Afghanistan. We went with an aid organisation from Pakistan that was taking food and medical aid to the poor in Afghanistan. $QG LQ WKH UHFRUG WKDW , FLWHG HDUOLHU DFWXDOO\ WKHVH ZHUH YHU\ \RXQJ ER\V RQ D IUROLF RI WKHLU RZQ DQG KH DGPLWWHG EHIRUH WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV &RPPLVVLRQ KH ZDV TXLWH IUDQN KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Look we went there because we can get ganja freely, nice holiday, wedding is about to start.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKH\ MXVW ZHQW IRU WKLV VSLQ LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ LQ WKH ZURQJ SODFH DW WKH ZURQJ time. Five: We were in Kandahar when the bombing commenced by the United States of America. We stayed for 2 days and tried to get back to Pakistan. We were told that the border was sealed. The aid organisation members proposed that we follow them to Kabul where it was safer. We travelled by road to Kabul. We stayed here for 2 weeks. We tried to get back to Kandahar to go back to Pakistan. We paid for the members of the aid organisation and ourselves to go back in a mini bus. We realised that the mini bus we had hired was taking D GLÍżHUHQW URXWH :H HQGHG XS .XQGX] LQ 1RUWKHUQ $IJKDQLVWDQ We stopped at a Taliban base. Unknown to us, the members of the aid organisation were actually Taliban sympathisers and they stayed at the base. We were taken to a medium sized hut to stay. We were

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there for 2 weeks. We were supplied by food and were free to move around the town. During this period the Taliban had lost control of Afghanistan. The Taliban negotiated with the Uzbek warlord General Dostum for a a safe passage to Kandahar. On our way out of Kunduz there was a heavy attack launched by American helicopter gunships that pounded the area. I lost my friend Monir during this attack WKHUH ZHUH IULHQGV ZKR ZHQW WKHUH VR GLHG

A Taliban convoy came and picked us up on our way to General Dostum - the warlord. When we reached there we were all detained. Our belongings including those of the Talibans were taken away. 15

0RD]]DP %HJJ WHVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKDW WKHUH ZHUH D ORW RI ERXQW\ KXQWHUV <RX NQRZ WKH $PHULFDQV ZHUH SD\LQJ ELJ EXFNV 86 EXFNV IRU DQ\RQH GHOLYHUHG DQG VR WKLV ZDV SDUW RI WKDW VFKHPH DOO WKRVH GHWDLQHG VROG WR WKH $PHULFDQV

Number 9: We were marched on foot in the desert without food and water for 2 days. And then we were put on trucks and taken to Mazar-E-Sharif. During this journey I saw United States soldiers close by on jeeps and sand buggies.

In Mazar-E-Sharif we saw photographers and saw containers made of metal and some by canvas. We were put in these containers. There were more then 200 people placed in each container. I was in a container covered by canvas and tore part of the canvas to allow VRPH DLU LQ 7KRVH LQ WKH PHWDO FRQWDLQHU VXÍżRFDWHG DQG PDQ\ GLHG *HQHUDO 'RVWXPÂˇV IRUFHV WKHQ VKRW WKH ERWWRP VLGHV RI WKH FRQWDLQHUV on the basis to allow air into the containers for the people to breathe. But this resulted in killing and wounding people. My friend Asif the bridegroom to be was injured by a bullet.

We were then driven to Shabarghm prison that took almost a day. There were hundreds of trucks there. Ditches were dug and those LQ WKH FRQWDLQHUV ZKR ZHUH GHDG GXH WR VXÍżRFDWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ WKRVH who were wounded were all thrown into the ditches and bulldozers covered the ditch with sand. Many who were alive but unconscious or wounded were buried alive. My friend Asif managed to survive.

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,Q WKH SULVRQ ZH ZHUH EHDWHQ Ă&#x20AC;UVW EHIRUH EHLQJ SXW LQ FHOOV , DQG P\ RWKHU IULHQG 6KDĂ&#x20AC;T ORRNHG RXW IRU $VLI $QG ODWHU $VLI ZDV SXW LQ to our cell. His gun shot wound was only treated with iodine and bandaged. Each cell was about 5 meters by 5 meters with about 40 people. For one week we were just given very little bread and some water. A week later the ICRC came and gave us some additional food and water VR WKHUH ZDV DJDLQ WKH\ ZHUH ÂśGLVDSSHDUHGÂˇ IURP WKH UDGDU RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DV P\ FROOHDJXH VR VXFFLQFWO\ SXW IRUZDUG WKLV PRUQLQJ We were never questioned by anyone. I could see American soldiers around the prison. On 31 December 2001 prison guards came and asked for English speaking prisoners. I volunteered. My feet and hands were tied and taken to see some American soldiers. They stripped me and checked for bullet wounds and injuries. I told them my story and that I was a British citizen. I was told that I was under American custody and would be treated better.

$QG WKLV ZDV WKH EHWWHU I was then hooded and taken to a room and punched. Then I was put we on a truck and taken to an airport. In the plane we were made to lie down and we were beaten and kicked by the American soldiers. 25

We were taken to Kandahar and we were tied and a rope was tied to our arms to and led around with hoods on our heads. We were told to sleep and within a few seconds we were told to start walking. A soldier pushed me down and another sat on me and cut up my FORWKHV 7KH\ WRRN VZDEV RI P\ VDOLYD D VWUDQG RI P\ EHDUG Ă&#x20AC;QJHU printed and photographed. We were in a hangar. We were given wrist bands with numbers. My number was 102. The next day I was taken for interrogation. I ZDV KRRGHG IHHW ZHUH FKDLQHG WRJHWKHU DQG KDQGV KDQGFXÍżHG , ZDV interrogated and told they will inform the British authorities. I was given a blue jump suit. The days were very hot and the nights very cold. There were no blankets provided in the cold night. The soldiers would do head counts once or twice during the day. During the night it was done every half hour or so which I believe was to prevent us from sleeping. I was in Kandahar for 6 weeks

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DQG LQWHUURJDWHG RQ DQG RͿ GXULQJ WKLV SHULRG E\ WKH 86 PLOLWDU\ intelligence and the FBI (they wore caps and jackets with the words ¶)%,· 7KHVH LQWHUURJDWLRQV ZHUH GRQH DW JXQ SRLQW DQG , ZRXOG JHW punched and kicked.

0\ KDQGV ZRXOG EH KDQGFXͿHG DW P\ EDFN DQG P\ DUPV ZRXOG EH pulled till my shoulders felt they were going to come out of their sockets. My legs would be chained and I would be asked to put my legs apart and then while holding my arms they would kick down on the chain which caused a great amount of pain with resulting in cuts and bruises. The soldiers would randomly conduct searches of our cells and whenever they found a Quran they would throw it down on the ÁRRU DQG VWHS RQ LW I and the other detainees had lice. One day we had a shave and lice treatment. We were then put on a military plane. A chain was placed across my body on the seat. Goggles were placed on my eyes to prevent me from seeing. My hands had mittens and were then duct taped. We were given some food that was placed on our hands but we could not eat because our hands were tied. When I went to the toilet a female soldier followed me to the toilet and pulled my pants down and wiped me after that. It was extremely humiliating and embarrassing for me to be out in that position. We landed some hours later at destination that was very hot and we changed planes.

Many hours later we landed again. We were placed on a truck and kicked and punched. We were then put on a ferry and asked to sit in a particular manner. I was kicked many times on my left thigh when ever my seating position changed. It was extremely painful and my leg swelled badly. We reached camp X Ray and stripped and checked us. After that we were put in a cell that was 2.5 by 3 meters. Given a blanket and LQVXODWLRQ PDW WR VOHHS RQ 7KH ÁRRU ZDV FHPHQW DQG WKH ZDOOV DQG roof was made of some softer material. Much later I knew that we were in Guantanamo Bay, in Cuba.

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So from Afghanistan they were carried in this position right across the other side of the world in Guantanamo Bay.

The next day I was interrogated and questioned about my personal background and family details. The day after I was interrogated by British intelligence on my background. I asked that I be released but were told they could not do anything about it as I was in American custody - this is what the British intelligence said. While being taken to and returning from these interrogations I would be kicked and punched by the American soldiers.

The Americans showed me photographs taken from a video that they FDOOHG WKH\ ¶7XUQLS )DUPV· ZKLFK ZDV WDNHQ LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ VKRZLQJ Osama bin Laden giving a speech. The Americans alleged that I was in the video along with my friends I denied these allegations.

In 2003 the interrogations got worse. My hands and feet would be FXͿHG WRJHWKHU DQG LW ZRXOG EH DQ H[WUHPHO\ GL΀FXOW SRVLWLRQ IRU long periods. Played loud music with strobe lights for hours to force a confession out of you. These intense interrogations continued for about 5 months from the middle of 2003. And I was put in solitary FRQÀQHPHQW GXULQJ WKLV SHULRG Sometime during the end of this period of 5 months the British LQWHOOLJHQFH FRQÀUPHG ZKLFK LV ZKDW KH·V EHHQ VD\LQJ DOO WKH ZKLOH that their records showed that I was in the United Kingdom GXULQJ WKH WLPH WKH DOOHJHG YLGHR PHQWLRQHG DERYH ZDV ÀOPHG 7KH\ also said that unless I was using a false passport to travel at the said time.

After this, the intense interrogation ceased and I was taken out of VROLWDU\ FRQÀQHPHQW 7KH UHJXODU LQWHUURJDWLRQV FRQWLQXHG DQG VR did the abuse of punching and kicking. In the last 3 months I was there the abuse stopped. I was released in March 2004 - so several years later, he was released from Guantanamo. 7KH ZKROH H[SHULHQFH KDV DͿHFWHG P\ IDPLO\ DQG P\ OLIH LQ D YHU\ severe way. I lost 2½ years of my life for something that I did not do. I feel that the government of the United States of America and whichever government or governments that were involved should

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be brought to justice to bring closure for all the victims of this grave injustice that has been perpetrated on innocent civilians. And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declaration Act 1960. Subscribed and solemnly declared by the above named RHUHEL AHMED, 20th October, 2009, and it bears the signature of Rhuhel. That concludes the testimony part of the prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s HYLGHQFH $V , LQWLPDWHG WKLV PRUQLQJ DOO WKLV NLQG RI DFWV WKDW ZHUH LQĂ LFWHG KDYH EHHQ YHU\ Jason Kay Kit Leon: 0D\ , DVVLVW WKH &RXUW RQ WKLV SRLQW RQ WKHVH 6WDWXWRU\ Declarations. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KDQN \RX , ZLOO QHHG DERXW WR PLQXWHV

7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SRLQW RI FRXUVH ZKLFK , KDYH JLYHQ QRWLFH WR WKH SURVHFXWLRQ ZRXOG EH DV WR WKH DFFHSWDQFH RI WKHVH 6WDWXWRU\ Declarations - Article 10 or the Rules of Procedure for the Tribunal LW LV DW SDJH Â´7KH HYLGHQFH RI ZLWQHVVHV VKDOO EH E\ ZD\ RI :LWQHVV 6WDWHPHQWV LQ WKH IRUP RI DQ DÎ&#x20AC;GDYLW 7KH ZLWQHVVHV DUH UHTXLUHG WR Ă&#x20AC;OH :LWQHVV 6WDWHPHQWV DQG VXFK VWDWHPHQWV this is the important part - shall EH UHDG E\ WKH ZLWQHVVHV DW WKH WULDO Âľ , MXVW ZLVK WR EULQJ WKH 7ULEXQDOÂˇV DWWHQWLRQ WR WKDW SDUWLFXODU SDUW 7KH ZRUGV XVHG LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;shallâ&#x20AC;? 7KDW LV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SRLQW , ZLVK to make. Having perused the statutory declaration of Ali Sh. Abbas @ $OL 6KDODO ZKLFK , EHOLHYH KDV EHHQ PDUNHG DV 3 , QRWLFHG WKDW DW WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO SDJH WKH SDJH QXPEHU LV WKH VLJQDWXUH SRUWLRQ

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Subscribed and solemnly declared by the above named ALI SH. ABBAS ALIAS ALI SHALAL on 03 February 2007 at Kuala Lumpur WKURXJK WKH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI $%%$6 = $%,' ,UDTL 3DVVSRUW 1R 6 ZLWK WKH VDLG $%%$6 = $%,' KDYLQJ EHHQ Ă&#x20AC;UVW DÎ&#x20AC;UPHG WKDW KH KDG WUXO\ GLVWLQFWO\ and audibly translated the contents of this Statutory Declaration to the deponent ALI SH. ABBAS ALIAS ALI SHALALâ&#x20AC;? I just request the prosecution: Is this the same Abbas Z. Abid WKDW ZDV ZLWQHVV QXPEHU \HVWHUGD\"

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV LW LV WKH VDPH RQH 15

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you. I shall reserve further submission on this at the more opportune time. , KDYH RQO\ IXUWKHU SRLQWV WR PDNH )LUVW WKDW ZKHQ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DGPLWV WKDW 5KXKHO DGPLWWHG KH ZHQW WR $IJKDQLVWDQ WR VPRNH JDQMD DQG XQIRUWXQDWHO\ IRU WKH ZLWQHVVHV $OL 6KDODO DQG 5KXKHO ZH GR QRW KDYH WKH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W RI WKHLU SUHVHQFH LQ WKH 7ULEXQDO IRU IXUWKHU FODULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ YLD TXHVWLRQ WKDW , PD\ RQ EHKDOI RI WKH 7ULEXQDO SRVH VRPH TXHVWLRQV WR KLP WR WKHP HLWKHU RI WKHP DQG SHUKDSV FHUWDLQ SDUWV RI WKHLU WHVWLPRQ\ WKHLU DFFRXQW RI ZKDW KDSSHQHG PLJKW KDYH EHHQ PLVVHG RXW E\ WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ DQG WKDW LV XQIRUWXQDWHO\ RQH RI WKH GLV EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV RI QRW KDYLQJ D ZLWQHVV SUHVHQW , ZLOO VXEPLW IXUWKHU RQ WKLV

,I WKH 7ULEXQDO PD\ PD\ , ERUURZ WKDW ZLWK WKH 7ULEXQDOÂˇV OHDYH RI FRXUVH Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Yes.

>-DVRQ WDNLQJ WKH QHZVSDSHU FOLSSLQJ@ Jason Kay Kit Leon: May I have the Tribunalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leave to paste it up on there for DZKLOH" 7KDQN \RX

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <RX SXW LW XS IRU ZKRVH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W" Jason Kay Kit Leon: , ZLVK WR PDNH D SRLQW Judge Alfred Webre: &RXQVHO FRXOG \RX LGHQWLI\ WKDW SKRWR EHFDXVH ZH KDYH QR idea ...

Jason Kay Kit Leon: That is the photo ...

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 7KLV SDJH LV LW" Jason Kay Kit Leon: &RXQVHO IRU WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HG KDV DVVHUWHG WKDW the man in the picture is Ali Sh. Abbas @ Ali Shalal. I believe WKDW ZDV DVVHUWHG MXVW QRZ GXULQJ WKH UHDGLQJ RI KLV VWDWXWRU\ declaration. 7KHUH PLJKW EH D ELW RI D SUREOHP ZLWK WKDW DVVHUWLRQ 7KDW LV WKH PRVW IDPRXV SLFWXUH WR KDYH FRPH RXW IURP WKH ZDU 7KH PDQ LQ D KRRG DUPV D VWUHWFK VWDQGLQJ RQ D ER[ 7KLV is the most famous picture to have come out from this entire sordid thing that has happened. The assertion is that Ali Sh. $EEDV ZDV WKDW PDQ , UHIHU WKHUH DUH DUWLFOHV KHUH LWÂˇV DOO IURP WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW LV WKH DUWLFOH WKDW DSSHDUHG RQ 0DUFK XQGHU WKH KHDGLQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Symbol of Abu Ghraib seeks to spare others his nightmare by Hassan M. Fattahâ&#x20AC;?. 1RZ EDVLFDOO\ DW SDJH LI <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV ZLOO WXUQ ZLWK PH

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): ... issue of identity if he is unable ...

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KHUH ZDV DQ DVVHUWLRQ PDGH E\ Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): :LWK WKH KRRG RQ"

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Jason Kay Kit Leon: <HV $OL $EEDV KDV DVVHUWHG PDGH DVVHUWLRQV WKDW KH LV WKDW PDQ LQ WKH KRRG ,W KDV EHHQ VDLG E\ WKH SURVHFXWRU KLPVHOI MXVW QRZ LQ KLV VXEPLVVLRQ

Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV LQ IDFW ZH MXVW VKRZHG WKLV WR GHPRQVWUDWH WKH IDFW WKDW WKLV LV KRZ KH ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG KH ZDV PDGH WR VWDQG RQ D ER[ DQG KH ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG ,QGHHG ZKHQ KH WHVWLÀHG EHIRUH WKH .XDOD /XPSXU :DU &ULPHV &RPPLVVLRQ , FDQ PDNH WKDW UHFRUG DYDLODEOH LQ LQ .XDOD /XPSXU LWVHOI KH DOVR GHPRQVWUDWHG DQG JDYH LGHQWLFDO HYLGHQFH DV WR WKH ZD\ KH ZDV WUHDWHG DQG WKH LPSDFW RI WKDW HOHFWURFXWLRQ Jason Kay Kit Leon: :H XQIRUWXQDWHO\ GR QRW KDYH $OL 6KDODO $OL 6K $EEDV KHUH WR FRQÀUP ZKHWKHU RU QRW KH ZDV WKDW PDQ RQ WKH ER[ 1RZ DSSDUHQWO\ DSSDUHQWO\ KH GRHV VD\ WKDW KH LV +H HYHQ KDV EXVLQHVV FDUGV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV DUWLFOH RI FRXUVH EXVLQHVV FDUGV ZLWK WKH SKRWR RQ KLV EXVLQHVV FDUGV LW·V KLV WUDGHPDUN LI \RX ZLOO %XW WKLV DUWLFOH WKDW DSSHDUHG ÀUVW LGHQWLÀHG KLP DV WKH SHUVRQ 7KHUH ZDV DQ HGLWRU·V UHWUDFWLRQ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV DFWXDOO\ SXEOLVKHG D UHWUDFWLRQ VRUU\ (GLWRU·V 1RWH WR WKLV 0DUFK DUWLFOH WKDW (GLWRU·V 1RWH LV DW SDJH RI WKH EXQGOH ,W UHDGV DQG WKLV FDPH RXW DERXW ZHHN DIWHU ´$ IURQW SDJH DUWLFOH ODVW 6DWXUGD\ SURÀOHG $OL 6KDODO 4DLVVL identifying him as the hooded man forced to stand on a box, attached to wires, in a photograph from the Abu Ghraib prison abuse scandal of 2003 and 2004. He was shown holding such a photograph. As DQ DUWLFOH RQ 3DJH $ WRGD\ PDNHV FOHDU 0U 4DLVVL ZDV QRW WKDW PDQ ”

Judge Alfred Webre: &RXQVHO ZH·UH WDONLQJ DERXW 3 FRUUHFW" 7KH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ &RXOG \RX SRLQW WR PH ZKHUH LQ VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ 3 WKH SKRWRJUDSK LV PHQWLRQHG" 40

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Nothing. It’s not there.

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Judge Alfred Webre: Okay. So ... Jason Kay Kit Leon: $ VXEPLVVLRQ ZDV PDGH D FRPPHQW ZDV PDGH E\ FRXQVHO IRU the prosecution linking Ali Shalal to the man. Judge Alfred Webre: Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m confused. I had thought that counsel for the prosecution MXVW VWDWHG WKDW WKLV PDWWHU KDG EHHQ FODULĂ&#x20AC;HG ,V WKDW QRW FRUUHFW" Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV 7KH IDFW LV WKDW WKLV LV WKH PDQQHU LQ ZKLFK , VDLG WKLV LV H[DFWO\ WKH PDQQHU LQ ZKLFK WKLV PDQ ZDV SODFHG RQ D FDUGERDUG ER[ ZLWK HOHFWURGHV DSSOLHG WR KLV Ă&#x20AC;QJHUV WR KLV SULYDWH SDUWV DQG WKDWÂˇV ZKHUH WKH PDWWHU UHVWV 1RZ WKH PDLQ SRLQW LV ZKHWKHU RU QRW DV KH VD\V LQ WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ KH ZDV WRUWXUHG LQ WKLV SDUWLFXODU PDWWHU 5LJKW"

,I P\ OHDUQHG IULHQG VD\V Â´+HÂˇV QRW WKH PDQ EXW WKDW WKHUH ZDV another man that was similarly tortured,â&#x20AC;? ,ÂˇP Ă&#x20AC;QH ZLWK WKDW ,ÂˇP Ă&#x20AC;QH ZLWK WKDW DGPLVVLRQ %HFDXVH , GRQÂˇW ZDQW WR ODERXU WKH point. 25

Jason Kay Kit Leon: ([DFWO\

Gurdial Singh Nijar: %HFDXVH KHÂˇV QRW KHUH WR FODULI\ WKLV RQH ZD\ RU WKH RWKHU Jason Kay Kit Leon: ([DFWO\ $QG WKDW JRHV WR ZKHWKHU $OL 6KDODO LV D WUXWKIXO ZLWQHVV RU QRW &UHGLELOLW\ :LWQHVVHV FRPH WR D 7ULEXQDO WR &RXUW WR JLYH HYLGHQFH XQGHU RDWK KH DOVR JDYH KLV VWDWXWRU\ declaration under oath ... Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): ,I KH KDV JLYHQ XQGHU RDWK DQG QRZ \RX VD\ VRPHERG\ VD\V WKLV LV QRW WKDW PDQ VRPHERG\ HOVH VLPLODUO\ UREHG WRUWXUHG and you say itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s credibility. That doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t lead to credibility.

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Merely a presentation of the photograph. Leave it to us. (LWKHU \RX RSSRVH WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH SKRWRJUDSK RU \RX MXVW ZDQW WR SXW LW WKHUH DV DQ H[DPSOH WR UHODWH WR \RXU VWRU\ ZKLFKHYHU ZD\ LW LV ,WÂ·V XS WR XV

Jason Kay Kit Leon: 7KHQ , MXVW ZLVK IRU FODULÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV 2QH LV WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DGGXFLQJ WKDW SLFWXUH LQWR WKH HYLGHQFH" 7KDWÂ·V WKH ILUVW question. 10

And the second question: Is the prosecution making an assertion that that person in the photograph is in fact $OL 6KDODO ZKR KDV VZRUQ WKLV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ" And are they tendering this statutory declaration into WKH UHFRUG"

, RQO\ QHHG WKRVH FODULÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): $OULJKW DOULJKW Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXU , MXVW ZDQWHG WR GUDZ RQH FRQVLGHUDWLRQ \RXU DWWHQWLRQ DJDLQ ZH DUH VHHNLQJ DGPLVVLRQ RI WKLV ZLWQHVVÂ· GHFODUDWLRQ XQGHU $UWLFOH DV VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH ZKLFK PD\ EH DGPLVVLEOH LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI MXVWLFH 7KDWÂ·V ZKDW ZHÂ·UH asking for here. $V IRU WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV DQG WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV EHLQJ FLWHG KHUH LQ WKLV &RXUW , WKLQN LV D MRNH DQG D IUDXG 7KH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LV D =LRQLVW IURQW RUJDQL]DWLRQ ,W LV RZQHG DQG operated by Zionist for the purpose of promoting Zionism and ,VUDHO DQG LW WKDW FDSDFLW\ LW IXOO\ VXSSRUWHG WKH ZDU DJDLQVW Iraq from the beginning through the end. It has every interest LQ WKH ZRUOG WR GHEXQN GLVFUHGLW GRZQSOD\ DQ\ DOOHJDWLRQV PDGH DJDLQVW 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DUPHG IRUFHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR atrocities in Iraq. 7KDW EHLQJ VDLG KRZHYHU ZH VXEPLW WKDW WKLV LV VWLOO VHFRQGDU\ evidence that should be admissible in the interest of justice XQGHU WKHVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKDW WKH ZLWQHVV FRXOG QRW FRPH

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209

EHFDXVH KHÂˇV REYLRXVO\ VXÍżHULQJ IURP SRVW WUDXPDWLF VWUHVV disorder. And you have to be very sceptical of anything appearing LQ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR ,UDT EHFDXVH WKH\ VXSSRUWHG HYHU\ DWURFLW\ WKDW ZDV HYHU FRPPLWWHG LQ ,UDT QRW RQO\ LQ WKH UHFHQW ZDU E\ %XVK -U EXW DOVR LQ WKH ZDU E\ Bush Sr. Thank you. Jason Kay Kit Leon: <RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV PD\ , UHSO\ WKDW SRLQW" 0D\ , UHSO\ WKH SRLQW PDGH E\ 3URIHVVRU %R\OH"

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Yes.

Jason Kay Kit Leon: Thank you. $V WR ZKHWKHU WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LV D =LRQLVW ZKDWHYHU may I refer to an HGLWRULDO LQ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV GDWHG -XQH â&#x20AC;?The Truth About The War,â&#x20AC;? it is titled.

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW UHIHUV WR WKH VHFRQG ODVW OLQH LQ SDUDJUDSK D UHSRUW E\ WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Senate Intelligence Committeeâ&#x20AC;?. Paragraph ,ÂˇP UHDGLQJ IURP SDUDJUDSK WKLV LV IURP WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV VXSSRVHGO\ =LRQLVW ZKDWHYHU 3DUDJUDSK WKLV LV WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV VSHDNLQJ LQ DQ (GLWRULDO â&#x20AC;&#x153;The report shows clearly that President Bush should have known that important claims he made about Iraq did not conform with intelligence reports. In other cases, he could have learned the truth if he had asked better questions or encouraged more honest answers.â&#x20AC;? :LWKRXW ZDVWLQJ WLPH OHW XV JR WR WKH ODVW SDUDJUDSK VHFRQG WZR ODVW SDUDJUDSKV 7KH VHFRQG ODVW SDUDJUDSK RQ SDJH

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Claims by Mr. Cheney and Mr. Rumsfeld that Iraq had longstanding ties to Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups also were

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false,â&#x20AC;? ZHUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;FALSEâ&#x20AC;? 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV HGLWRULDO =LRQLVW SDSHU FDOOLQJ 0U &KHQH\ DQG 0U 5XPVIHOG WDONLQJ DERXW ,UDT â&#x20AC;&#x153;falseâ&#x20AC;?;

Â´DQG WKH 6HQDWH FRPPLWWHHÂˇV UHSRUW VKRZV WKDW WKH WZR PHQ NQHZ it, or should have.â&#x20AC;? ZHÂˇUH WDONLQJ DERXW &KHQH\ DQG 5XPVIHOG DFFXVHG QXPEHU WZR DQG WKUHH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LV ZHOO 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LV EHLQJ TXLWH â&#x20AC;&#x153;criticalâ&#x20AC;? RI DFFXVHG WZR and three.

Last paragraph: â&#x20AC;&#x153;We cannot say with certainty whether Mr. Bush lied about Iraq. But when the president withholds vital information from the public,â&#x20AC;? 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV LV VD\LQJ DFFXVHG QXPEHU RQH LV ZLWKKROGLQJ YLWDO LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP WKH SXEOLF LQ DQ HGLWRULDO â&#x20AC;&#x153;or leads them to believe things that he knows are not true - to justify the invasion of another country,â&#x20AC;? ZH DUH WDONLQJ DERXW WKDW ULJKW QRZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;that is bad enough.â&#x20AC;? 6R P\ KXPEOH VXEPLVVLRQ , WKLQN 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV ZH FDQ rely on their Â´(GLWRUÂˇV 1RWHÂľ $QG ,ÂˇP VXUH , WKLQN SURVHFXWLRQ PLJKW ZDQW WR UHO\ RQ WKLV HGLWRULDO Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV WKLV HGLWRULDO ZDV -XQH ,W ZDV ZHOO DIWHU \HDUV DIWHU %XVK -U KDG LQYDGHG ,UDT DQG VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mission accomplished.â&#x20AC;? :KLOH WKH LQYDVLRQ ZDV JRLQJ RQ DQG HYHQ EHIRUH WKH LQYDVLRQ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV IXOO\ VXSSRUWHG WKH HQWLUH LQYDVLRQ DQG HYHU\WKLQJ %XVK -U ZDV GRLQJ 2QO\ \HDUV ODWHU GLG WKH\ Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ VKHG D IHZ FURFRGLOH WHDUV WR FRYHU their tracks and make it appear as it they hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t supported WKH ZDU %XW WKH ERWWRP SRLQW LV KHUH DW WKH HQG â&#x20AC;&#x153;We cannot say with certainty whether Mr. Bush lied about Iraq.â&#x20AC;? Of course he lied DERXW ,UDT :H DOUHDG\ GHWHUPLQHG WKDW LQ WKH ODVW SURFHHGLQJ GLG ZH QRW" ,Q WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crime against Peace.â&#x20AC;? 6R KHUHÂˇV WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV VD\LQJ \HDUV ODWHU Â´:HOO ZH VWLOO GRQÂˇW NQRZ LI KH lied about Iraq.â&#x20AC;? 6HFRQG DV IRU WKH VR FDOOHG ZHDSRQV RI PDVV GHVWUXFWLRQ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV GHOLEHUDWHO\ SXEOLVKHG WKH VHULHV RI DUWLFOHV E\ -XGLWK 0LOOHU SURPRWLQJ WKH IDFW DOOHJHG IDFW WKDW ,UDT KDG

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ELRORJLFDO ZHDSRQV ZKHQ HYHU\RQH NQHZ 6DGGDP +XVVHLQ QR ORQJHU KDG ELRORJLFDO ZHDSRQV 7KH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV SXEOLVKHG LW ,W ZDV SURSDJDQGD GHVLJQHG WR SURPRWH ZDU DJDLQVW ,UDT (YHU\RQH NQHZ LW DW WKH WLPH DQG HYHQWXDOO\ WKH VFDQGDO ZDV VR EDG WKDW WKH\ Ă&#x20AC;UHG 0LOOHU EXW WKH\ QHYHU UHDOO\ DSRORJLVHG IRU KDYLQJ PRQJHUHG WKH ZDU DJDLQVW ,UDT IURP WKH YHU\ EHJLQQLQJ until after the invasion. 6R DJDLQ WKLV LV \HDUV DIWHU WKH LQYDVLRQ ZKHUH Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ WKH\ÂˇUH saying the minimum amount they can to maintain credibility. ,I \RX DUH LQWHUHVWHG WKHUH LV D ERRN E\ 3URIHVVRU )RJJ VS" GHEXQNLQJ WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHVÂˇ FRYHUDJH RQ ,UDT DW JUHDW OHQJWK ZKLFK , GRQÂˇW KDYH KHUH ZLWK PH %XW WKH\ DUH D FRPSOHWHO\ XQUHOLDEOH XQ FUHGLEOH VRXUFH DQG LQ IDFW EDVLFDOO\ a source of government propaganda and disinformation JRLQJ EDFN WR WKH FODVVLF ZRUN E\ &KRPVN\ DQG +HUPDQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Manufacturing Consent,â&#x20AC;? GXULQJ WKH 9LHWQDP :DU ZKHUH Chomsky and Herman documented at great length that the 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV ZDV QRWKLQJ PRUH WKDQ D SURSDJDQGD RUJDQ for the United States government. And the Falk book did WKH H[DFW VDPH WKLQJ DOO RYHU DJDLQ IRU WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV against Iraq. 6R WKH ERWWRP OLQH LV ZH DUH QRW VXEPLWWLQJ WKLV DV SULPDU\ evidence. We are submitting it as secondary evidence under $UWLFOH XQOLNH WKH HYLGHQFH RI WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZH DOUHDG\ KDYH ZKLFK LV SULPDU\ HYLGHQFH :H DGPLW WKDW WKHVH LQGLYLGXDOV YLFWLPV DUH QRW KHUH WR VXEMHFW WKHPVHOYHV WR cross-examination. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re submitting them under Article :HÂˇUH DVNLQJ IRU WKH 7ULEXQDO WR GHFLGH Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ RQ WKH WRWDO ZHLJKW RI WKH HYLGHQFH ZLWK GXH UHJDUG EHLQJ JLYHQ WR SULPDU\ HYLGHQFH 6R WKH SULPDU\ HYLGHQFH ZLWK WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZH DOUHDG\ KDYH ZH DGPLW WKLV LV VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH EXW ZH WKLQN WKLV LV VXIILFLHQW HYLGHQFH 7KH VWDWHPHQWV ZHUH JLYHQ XQGHU RDWK $QG ZHÂˇUH DVNLQJ WR VLPSO\ GLVFRXQW ZKDW WKH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV KDV WR VD\ DERXW WKLV SLFWXUH DV -XGJH :HEUH FRUUHFWO\ SRLQWHG RXW WKHUH LV QRWKLQJ LQ WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ ZKHUH WKLV YLFWLP UHIHUV WR WKLV SLFWXUH RQH ZD\ RU WKH RWKHU ,W LVQÂˇW LQ LW Thank you.

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>$UWLFOH@ VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;The evidence of witnesses shall preferably be in WKH IRUP RI D ZULWWHQ WHVWLPRQ\ DÎ&#x20AC;GDYLW ZLWK H[KLELWV RI WKH UHOHYDQW documentary and photographic evidence.â&#x20AC;? 10

6R WKHUH LV QR DEVROXWH UXOH WKDW SURKLELWV WKH HYLGHQFH RI WKH TXHVWLRQ XQGHU $UWLFOH WKDW LW PXVW EH UHDG E\ WKH ZLWQHVVHV $QG DV ZH VXEPLW LW LV VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH <RX DUH DOORZHG WR KDYH VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH KHDUVD\ HYLGHQFH DQG WKLV LV QRW H[FHSWLRQDO EHFDXVH HYHQ XQGHU WKH FKDUWHU XQGHU WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO &RXUW WKHVH UXOHV DUH GHULYHG IURP YDULRXV LQWHUQDWLRQDO GRFXPHQWV ZKHUH VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH LV DOORZHG EXW WKH ZHLJKW WR EH DWWDFKHG WR WKLV ZLOO KDYH WR EH GHWHUPLQHG LQ \RXU DEVROXWH LQ <RXU +RQRXUVÂˇ DEVROXWH GLVFUHWLRQ WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH WRWDOLW\ RI WKH UHVW RI WKH HYLGHQFH WR VHH ZKHWKHU WR ZKDW H[WHQW $QG WKDW LV ZK\ DIWHU WKLV ZH ZRXOG EH DVNLQJ IRU WKH GRFXPHQWDU\ WKDW ZDV UHIHUUHG WR E\ SURVHFXWLRQ ZLWQHVV QXPEHU 0U 0RD]]DP %HJJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi To The Dark Side.â&#x20AC;? Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a GRFXPHQWDU\ WKH DZDUG ZLQQLQJ GRFXPHQWDU\ $QG DOO WKDW ZKDW ZH KDYH EHHQ WDONLQJ DERXW WKH NLQG RI WUHDWPHQW WKDW LV JLYHQ LV GHSLFWHG WKHUH IURP UHDO OLIH SKRWRJUDSKV $QG , WKLQN WKDW DV ,ÂˇYH VDLG D SLFWXUH VSHDNV D WKRXVDQG ZRUGV DQG D GLJLWDOL]HG YLGHR WRGD\ VSHDNV PD\EH D PLOOLRQ ZRUGV

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV ZH KDYH QR REMHFWLRQV WR WKH LQFOXVLRQ RI WKDW DUWLFOHV IRU WKH FRQVLGHUDWLRQ LQ WKH <HV DV SDUW RI WKH HYLGHQFH DQG ZKDW UXOLQJ LV JRLQJ WR EH PDGH LW ZLOO EH OHIW HQWLUHO\ WR <RXU Honours complete discretion. :LWK WKDW <RXU +RQRXU VDYH IRU WKH GRFXPHQWDU\ WKDW ZH ZRXOG OLNH WR VKRZ QRZ GHSLFWLQJ WKH FRQGLWLRQV WKDW ZH DUH WDONLQJ DERXW :H WUXVW WKDW ZH GR QRW NQRZ ZKHWKHU GHIHQFH KDV DQ\ REMHFWLRQV WR WKH \HV KHÂˇV LQWLPDWHG E\ KLV body gesture that he has no objections. So the prosecution UHVSHFWIXOO\ UHTXHVWV WKDW WKDW YLGHR EH QRZ VKRZQ 7KDQN \RX ZLWK \RXU OHDYH [Start of video -â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi To The Dark Sideâ&#x20AC;?] YAKUBI, AFGHANISTAN

[Afghani Man] Dilawar was a quiet, hard-working person. A good and honest man. From the time he was a little boy, he loved to drive the tractor. He brought stones down from the mountain. All the stones in this wall, Dilawar bought them all here. We are peanut farmers, but we told him: â&#x20AC;&#x153;>L ^PSS ^VYR [OL Ă&#x201E;LSKZ HUK `V\ JHU KYP]L [OL [H_P â&#x20AC;? JIGSAW PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS IN ASSOCIATION WITH TALL WOODS, LLC

AND WIDER FILM PROJECTS [Narrator] On December 1, 2002, Dilawar, a young Afghan taxi driver, took three passengers for a ride. He never returned home.

SECRET TAXI TO THE DARK SIDE (MNOHUPZ[HU

Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] When the sun started to go down, the sand started blowing. It was like a big

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dust bowl. And I’m thinking, “)V` PZ P[ NVPUN [V IL SPRL [OPZ L]LY` UPNO[&¹ [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram] I remember ^HSRPUN PU [V [OLYL MVY [OL ÄYZ[ [PTL! ;OL ZTLSS · [OL ZTLSS PZ [OL ÄYZ[ [OPUN [OH[ OP[Z `V\ (UK ILPUN MYVT + * PM `V\»]L L]LY ILLU to the National Zoo, when you walk into the elephant house there, that’s the best way to describe it. There were a few of us that lived in the prison, and I was one of them.

)HNYHT 7YPZVU They built it up to be a big, scary place to the prisoners. [Narrator] After the invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. Forces occupied Bagram, an old Soviet airbase as a place to collect and interrogate thousands of detainees captured throughout Afghanistan and Pakistan.

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] These were suspected Taliban. They were being caught by Special Forces throughout the countryside, brought to Bag to be held, interrogated, determined if they were a high-value prisoner.

[Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] These were not nice people at all. They were very evil people who, you know, KLÄUP[LS` OHK ]PVSLU[ PU[LU[PVUZ

[Narrator] On December 5, 2002, Dilawar, the taxi driver, was brought to Bagram. He was designed a PUC: Person Under Control, No. 421. [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] He was something to do with a trigger man for a rocket attack. And that’s about all I know.

[Narrator] Five days after his arrival, he was dead. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] I would say this was around about 0500 in the morning. As I walked by Dilawar · 0 [OPUR [OH[»Z OPZ UHTL +PSH^HY · ^HSRLK I` +PSH^HY»Z JLSS I noticed that he was just kind of hanging there with his head

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KV^U )\[ OL ^HZ ILPUN [VV Z[PSS [V IL Q\Z[ · `V\ RUV^ OHUNPUN there, sleeping. [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] Sgt. Curtis opened up the door, and we went in. He was unresponsive. And we started CPR. 4PSP[HY` 0U]LZ[PNH[PVU 9LLUHJ[TLU[

[Pfc. Willie Brand, Military Police, Bagram] I was downstairs in general population. Then I heard a call come in asking for a chemic to come upstairs. He was a medic, and we carried him downstairs on a stretcher.

:WJ )YPHU *HTTHJR 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL )HNYHT (MNOHUPZ[HU

And the chemic was still on top of him while we’re carrying him down, still trying to get him back going, all the way down the stairs. We got him through the front door and they kept working on him, kept working on him until the doctor got there and pronounced him dead. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] I don’t know if it was an injury that was aggravated by something, or whether he was just sick coming in. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram & Abu Ghraib] They are very frail people, and I was surprised that it had taken that long for one of them to die in our custody.

B:N[ ;OVTHZ *\Y[PZ 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL )HNYHTD ;OLYL ^HZ H KLÄUP[L sense of concern, because he was the second one.

[Narrator] Just a week before Dilawar’s death, another detainee at Bagram had died. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] You know, you wonder: Is this something we did? Or did somebody kill him or something? But I just didn’t know.

B5HYYH[VYD (JJVYKPUN [V [OL TLKPJHS L_HTPULY [OL ÄYZ[ KL[HPULL to die, Habibullah, had a preexisting pulmonary condition. But

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it was the beatings he sustained at Bagram that led to the cause of his death: a bloodclot that traveled to his lungs. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram & Abu Ghraib] When the second one died a week later, that’s when it was like, “6O JYHW :VTL[OPUN»Z NVPUN [V OHWWLU UV^ ” That’s two prisoners dying within a week of each other. T hat’s bad. [Narrator] A preliminary investigation into Dilawar’s death, revealed deep bruises all over his body. But it did not conclude that his treatment at Bagram was to blame. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] The next day, they said, “+YH^ V\[ OV^ OL ^HZ ZOHJRSLK \W OLYL ” And I made that crude drawing. The ceiling of these isolation rooms was just a simple metal grate, and it was thick enough you could put handcuffs, you know, through the wires of that ... 4PSP[HY` 0U]LZ[PNH[PVU 9LLUHJ[TLU[

and you just kind of chain them up like that, out to the sides, like this. B5HYYH[VYD -VYJLK Z[HUKPUN MVY SVUN WLYPVKZ OHK PUÅHTLK [PZZ\L damage from blows to Dilawar’s legs. But the initial Bagram press release failed to mention overhead shackling and beatings. It declared that both detainees had died of natural causes.

[Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] My opinion is that the military wanted to get this over, and get this done quickly, before it really got noticed.

B5HYYH[VYD :VVU HM[LY +PSH^HY»Z KLH[O [OL VMÄJLY PU JOHYNL VM interrogation at Bagram, Captain Carolyn Wood, was awarded the bronze star for valor. Following the Iraq invasion, Wood and her intelligence unit, were given a new assignment: Abu Ghraib.

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A FEW BAD APPLES [Eric Lahammer, Military Intelligence, Bagram & Abu Ghraib] The only thing I can really remember about Abu Ghraib was the heat. It was like 148 degrees or so. And it was all concrete. Abu Ghraib also had the infamous torture chambers and stuff left from Saddam’s era. I remember walking through those and ZLLPUN SPRL ÄUNLYUHPS THYRZ VU [OL ^HSSZ HUK ISVVKZ[HPUZ HUK guillotines and stuff like that. It was a pretty surreal feeling. We went to Abu Ghraib, I believe in July. July or August of 2003 to start that prison. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram & Abu Ghraib] You put people in crazy situations, and people do crazy things. And Abu was getting mortared every night. These 120 TT TVY[HYZ RPSSPUN WYPZVULYZ ;OL ÄYZ[ [PTL [OH[ OHWWLULK they should have evacuated those prisoners to somewhere else, because the prisoners weren’t safe. [Sgt. Ken Davis, 372nd MP Company, Abu Ghraib] People were being told to rough up Iraqis that wouldn’t cooperate. We were also told that they were nothing but dogs. Then, all of a sudden, you start looking at these people as less than human. And you start doing things to them you would never dream of. And that’s where it got scary. [US Chief of Staff, Richard Myers] It was only the night shift. There’s always a few bad apples.

[Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense] It’s been a body blow for all of us. [Lt. General Ricardo S. Sanchez] This is clearly an isolated incident.

[General Geoffrey D. Miller] The conduct of a very, very small number of our leaders and soldiers.

[Narrator] In the wake of media attention surrounding Abu Ghraib, the military began a series of investigations.

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[Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Abu Ghraib, 2004] The people who engaged in abuses will be brought to justice. The world will see how a free system, a democratic system, functions and operates transparently with no cover-ups.

Newsweek: Is He to Blame? Special Report: Rumsfeld and the Road to the Prison Abuse Scandal [Rear Admiral John Hutson, (ret) Judge Advocate General] The Secretary and others have said, “>LSS `V\ RUV^ ^L»]L JVUK\J[LK PU]LZ[PNH[PVUZ¹ · LHJO HUK HSS VM ^OPJO ^LYL geared to looking downward, down toward Lynndie England and Graner, and not looking up. 7MJ 3`UUKPL ,UNSHUK ZLU[LUJLK [V `LHYZ PU WYPZVU

:WJ *OHYSLZ ( .YHULY ZLU[LUJLK [V `LHYZ PU WYPZVU [Narrator] The soldiers in the photos are military police, or MPs, whose job it was to guard and protect the prisoners. In their statements, the MPs claimed that Military Intelligence, or MI, ordered them to weaken, humiliate, and break the prisoners for interrogation purposes. [Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Military Intelligence, Iraq] Obviously, you know, what they were doing, in those pictures, was not sanctioned by the Interrogation Rules of Engagement. And they weren’t interrogators. So yes, I did think that they were bad apples. However, I also think that they were taking cues from Intel. [Sgt. Ken Davis, 372nd MP Company, Abu Ghraib] This reading report said it was happening in Afghanistan. I mean, humiliation, trying to break people came from somewhere. MPs didn’t think of it. MPs were not ever trained in such things. We should never have been “IYLHRPUN” anybody. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram & Abu Ghraib] I can tell you, we set the same policies in Abu as we set at Bagram. The same exact rules. The same thing was going on. And they wonder why it happened. (Laughs sadly.)

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[Narrator] In her sworn testimony about Abu Ghraib, Capt. Wood said she felt pressured to produce intelligence, so she brought unauthorized techniques: dogs, nudity, sleep deprivation and stress positions to Abu Ghraib from Afghanistan. Wood maintained that the Bagram model had tacit approval from superiors. But U.S. Central Command had never responded to her requests for authorization. So the mystery remained. Was Abu Ghraib the work of a few bad apples? Or evidence of a new world-wide system of detention and interrogation?

[Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Military Intelligence, Iraq] I’m pretty sure that interrogators were telling the guards: “:[YPW [OPZ N\` UHRLK JOHPU OPT \W [V [OL ILK PU HU \UJVTMVY[HISL WVZP[PVU `V\ RUV^ KV ^OH[L]LY `V\ JHU.” And then they decided to take it one step further and have some “M\U,” and take pictures. [Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, Chief of Staff to Colin Powell 2002-2005, 31 years in the Military] You’ve always got people in the military who are just this side of the Marquis De Sade, and one of the reasons you want rules and this code of conduct to OLSW `V\ SLHK T\K YPUNZ HUK T\K Y\UZ · PUMHU[Y` · PZ ZV [OH[ you can use those tools to restrict this tendency in your soldiers. When you have your friends dying on you left and right, you can sometimes go beyond the pale. So a lieutenant, a captain down where the rubber meets the road, needs these tools. And he needs to be able to punish people who cross the line. *VSVULS 3H^YLUJL >PSRLYZVU *OPLM VM :[HMM [V *VSPU 7V^LSS

>OLU [OL ZLJYL[HY` ^HSRLK [OYV\NO T` KVVY PU[V T` VMÄJL HIV\[ the time the photos of Abu Ghraib were getting ready to come out, and we had rumor that they were coming out, he said to me, “0 ULLK [V RUV^ ^OH[ OHWWLULK HUK ^O` ” And so then I began to build both an open source and inside the government, JSHZZPÄLK HUK \UJSHZZPÄLK KVJ\TLU[ ÄSL (UK 0 ILNHU [V ZLL legal arguments as to why the President could pretty much do anything he wanted to in the name of Security. And the Secretary of Defense, and others beneath him, were actually looking for the twin pressures that they put on people. That is to say, the pressure to produce intelligence. And the fact that they were saying “the NSV]LZ HYL VMM ¹ JYLH[LK [OL LU]PYVUTLU[ PU [OL ÄLSK [OH[ ^L SH[LY

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ZH^ YLÅLJ[LK PU [OL WOV[VNYHWOZ MYVT (I\ .OYHPI (UK PU T` view, far more serious fashion than the photographs we saw, were 98 deaths of people in detention, which I understand now from my army colleagues is up to some 25 of which have been KLJSHYLK VMÄJPHSS` I` [OL (YT` HZ OVTPJPKLZ

* since this interview, the number of deaths has risen to 105 ZPUJL [OPZ PU[LY]PL^ OH]L ILLU JSHZZPÄLK ¸OVTPJPKLZ” 10

People say, “>LSS [OLZL WOV[VNYHWOZ MYVT (I\ .OYHPI [OL` ^LYLU»[ YLHS [VY[\YL ” I look back at those people and say, ¸4\YKLY PZ [VY[\YL 4\YKLY PZ [OL \S[PTH[L [VY[\YL ” In the case VM +PSH^HY OL ^HZ Z\IQLJ[ [V · JLY[HPUS` · JY\LS HUK \U\Z\HS punishment, and ultimately, he was subject to torture because he died. [General Dan McNeill, Commander of Coalition Forces, Afghanistan 2002-2003] It’s not our intent for people to die, especially when we’re seeking to get information from them.

General Dan McNeill, Commander of Coalition Forces, Afghanistan 2002-2003 [Carlotta Gall] Did the treatment they received in those rooms cause the death of these two men? [General Dan McNeill, Commander of Coalition Forces, Afghanistan 2002-2003] First, we’re not chaining people to the ceiling. I think you asked me that question before.

[Carlotta Gall] “-PYZ[ ^L»YL UV[ JOHPUPUN WLVWSL [V [OL JLPSPUN ” That’s what he says. [Narrator] Carlotta Gall is a New York Times journalist based PU 2HI\S <UZH[PZÄLK ^P[O [OL 4PSP[HY`»Z L_WSHUH[PVU VM [OL [^V deaths at Bagram, she set out to investigate. B*HYSV[[H .HSSD 0[ [VVR H SVUN [PTL [V ÄUK [OL MHTPS` ILJH\ZL [OL Military didn’t tell us who they were. And we started calling around: Governors. They are a very simple farming family. They don’t speak English. But they showed me a paper that was

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given to them with the body. And that’s when I opened it up and YLHK P[ 0[ ^HZ PU ,UNSPZO (UK P[ ^HZ H KLH[O JLY[PÄJH[L MYVT [OL American Military. And it was signed by a U.S. Major who was the pathologist. And of the four boxes, she checked the box for Homicide. I said, “4` .VK [OL`»]L RPSSLK OPT ” And we then had to tell the family, “+V `V\ RUV^ ^OH[»Z ^YP[[LU OLYL&” And they said, “5V P[»Z PU ,UNSPZO >L KVU»[ \UKLYZ[HUK.” And I think maybe the Red Cross who helped return the body had explained, but they hadn’t taken it in. And then the Pathologist had said it was this blunt force trauma to the legs. [Carlotta Gall] Did they receive any trauma? Any blunt injury trauma, as we call it?

[General Dan McNeill, Commander of Coalition Forces, Afghanistan 2002-2003] Presently I have no indication of that, but we will be looking as this investigation continues to go down its due course.

[Carlotta Gall] “7YLZLU[S` OH]L UV PUKPJH[PVU VM [OH[ ” You know, [OLYL»Z ILLU H KLH[O JLY[PÄJH[L ZPNULK I` OPZ WLVWSL HUK OL ZH`Z “7YLZLU[S` 0 OH]L UV PUKPJH[PVU VM HU` IS\U[ MVYJL [YH\TH ” And P[»Z ^YP[[LU VU [OL KLH[O JLY[PÄJH[L ^OPJO 0»]L ZLLU

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] The story probably would have gone away had it not been for my colleague, Carlotta Gall, who tracked down Dilawar’s family and found the knifein-the-back clue that told everyone that this incident had been something other than the Military portrayed.

+PSH^HY»Z MH[OLY KH\NO[LY ;PT .VSKLU 5L^ @VYR ;PTLZ 9LWVY[LY 35

[Narrator] Tim Golden picked up the trail of the story and VI[HPULK H JVUÄKLU[PHS ÄSL VM [OL (YT` PU]LZ[PNH[PVU PUJS\KPUN hundreds of pages of testimony from the soldiers involved. [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Part of what made the story compelling to me was that you had these young soldiers with very little training or preparation, thrown into this situation in the aftermath of 9/11, just as the rules were changing.

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)HNYHT (MNOHUPZ[HU

And they weren’t told what the new rules were. And you had this young Afghan man who came into this system at the wrong time, in the wrong way. And this is what happened to him.

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] I saw his picture in the New York Times article. Before that picture, I couldn’t have picked his face out, you know. My memory of him was chained up, with the hood on, though sleeping.

[Narrator] Following questions raised by the New York Times, and under scrutiny about the Abu Ghraib scandal, the Army ÄUHSS` Z[LWWLK \W [OL +PSH^HY PU]LZ[PNH[PVU HUK ILNHU JOHYNPUN soldiers with maltreatment, maiming and homicide.

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] When you’re working, you know, with an organization like the Military, you know, they are going to hold somebody accountable. You can sweep some things under the rug, but, you know, this was a KLH[O ;OLYL ^HZ [^V KLH[OZ (UK VRH` ÄUL [OL` HYL NVPUN [V charge people. :N[ ;OVTHZ *\Y[PZ th 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL <UP[ )HNYHT (MNOHUPZ[HU [Sgt. Anthony Morden, 377th Military Police Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] It seemed like the Military, now after they got a black eye from Abu Ghraib, wanted to get a public opinion that they were policing their soldiers. And so they said, “We had this incident that happened a couple of years ago. We could still prosecute some of them.”

:N[ (U[OVU` 4VYKLU th 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL <UP[ )HNYHT (MNOHUPZ[HU

[Pfc. Willie Brand, 377 th Military Police Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] I had nothing to do with the Military for two years, and all of a sudden I’m getting a call saying that I’m being courtmartialed. I mean that was a huge surprise for me.

7MJ >PSSPL )YHUK th 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL <UP[ )HNYHT (MNOHUPZ[HU

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[John Galligan, Willie Brand’s attorney] From a defense perspective, I immediately said ¸;OPZ PZ H WVSP[PJHS ZOV^ [YPHS ¹ Willie Brand is a good soldier. Good soldiers tend to obey orders. Good soldiers tend to be people who do what they are trained to do. [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] The interrogators on the ground for the most part didn’t know what the rules were. They’d never been interrogators before.

[Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] My interrogation training consisted basically VM [OL` [H\NO[ \Z ZVTL HWWYVHJOLZ · `V\ RUV^ · OV^ [V NL[ WLVWSL [V [HSR (UK [OLU · ¸/LYL NV ^H[JO [OLZL N\`Z PU[LYYVNH[L¹ · ^OPJO ^LYL [OL WLVWSL [OH[ ^L ^LYL YLWSHJPUN · MVY HIV\[ Ä]L VY ZP_ OV\YZ ILMVYL 0 KPK T` ÄYZ[ PU[LYYVNH[PVU [William Cassara, Damien Corsetti’s attorney] Damien was picked for this job because he’s big, he’s loud, and he’s scary. ;OH[ ^HZ OPZ X\HSPÄJH[PVU [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] ¸:VSKPLYZ HYL K`PUN .L[ [OL PUMVYTH[PVU ¹ That’s all you’re told. ¸.L[ [OL PUMVYTH[PVU ¹

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Soldiers said that when prisoners like Dilawar came into Bagram, they were immediately assaulted. 30

SHOCK OF CAPTURE

They blasted music at them. Often, they had dogs barking at them. And they would use some of the most menacing interrogators to create this sense of threat. One of those was Damien Corsetti.

[Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] With the screening, you’re trying to instill what’s called ¸;OL :OVJR VM *HW[\YL¹ ^OLU [OL WLYZVU ÄYZ[ JVTLZ PU And that’s when they are most apt to give you information ‘cause they’re just like, ¸6O JYHW ^OH[»Z NVPUN VU&¹

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Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005 [Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] It’s not just a disorientation procedure, it’s actually a terrorizing procedure. It’s designed to terrify you into spilling the beans, as it were. Being spat at. Being sworn at. Having the dogs barking around. Cameras ÅHZOPUN PU `V\Y MHJL

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] Keep in mind, in their culture, that dog’s more shocking to them than it is to us. Kind of like a woman telling them what to do. You know, it’s a cultural thing. So you get more bang for your buck, you know, with a dog.

[Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] And then to be re-shackled, completely naked, and to do what they call ¸;OL )VK` :LHYJO ¹ the cavity search, and then to be questioned naked, shivering.

[Pfc. Willie Brand, Military Police, Bagram] After they are read their rules and everything, they are taken to their cell, to where they’re going to be put in sleep deprivation for 24 hours. That’s standard for everybody.

ISOLATION CELL Then, from there, MI directs us that they can go to general population, or if they have to stay in isolation. And if they are going to stay in isolation, if they are going to be allowed to sleep. And if they can, then when.

[Narrator] To weaken the defenses of detainees, interrogators VYKLYLK 4PSP[HY` 7VSPJL [V ÄUK ^H`Z VM RLLWPUN [OL WYPZVULYZ awake.

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] You know, they HYL PU [OH[ YVVT UV[ ZH`PUN HU`[OPUN · ¸6O ^LSS TH`IL OL RUV^Z H SP[[SL IP[ TVYL 3L[»Z SL[ OPT `V\ RUV^ SVZL H SP[[SL IP[ TVYL ZSLLW.” Which is the idea of keeping them like this, so you won’t sleep. You’ll stand. Because as soon as you let your body

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NV [OH[ WYLZZ\YL VU `V\Y HYTZ VY `V\Y ^YPZ[ Âˇ `V\ÂťYL NVPUN [V feel that with those cuffs on. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519 th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan] The only time the MPs would ever help us do anything would be to keep them on a sleep schedule. You know, they are guaranteed so much sleep. Is that sleep consistent? Is it uninterrupted? You know, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 15 minutes here, 15 minutes there. Who knows? Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s how it was proposed to us. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] There would be a board, when you walked into the room, on his wall. You might see an arrow going up to the ceiling. And there would be maybe a Â¸ Âš by it. So that would be an hour up. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s got to stand up for one hour. And then you may see a Â¸ Âš with an arrow pointing down. That means he can sit down for two hours. [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] The prisoners were kept in these big pens downstairs. And their numbers would be scribbled on the door of the airlock, which was the little passageway that they were taken out of when they were brought up to the isolation cells upstairs. [Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] Detainees were actually chained, with their hands above their heads, in these airlocks. His number, Â¸ Âš was something I could see often, because his back was towards me in the airlock, and the numbers were written on the backs of the detainees in black marker. And we all had that. As well as on the front. My number in Bagram was 180. But later it became Â¸ Âš [US Chief of Staff, Richard Myers visits Bagram] Thank you. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s good to be with you. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s good to be here in Bagram. .LULYHS ;VTT` -YHURZ ]PZP[Z )HNYHT :LJYL[HY` 9\TZMLSK ]PZP[Z )HNYHT

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sure any highYHURPUN VMĂ&#x201E;JLY ^OV [V\YLK ^V\SK ZLL [OL ZOHJRSLZ ILJH\ZL [OL`

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are going to tour to look. You know, they are curious just like everybody else is. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, (MNOHUPZ[HUD ;OLYL HYL HS^H`Z VMÄJLYZ JVTPUN HUK NVPUN [OYV\NO the facility. We kind of joked about it as being The Greatest Show on Earth. Everyone wanted to come and look at the terrorists. 4Y 9\TZMLSK»Z VMÄJL JHSSLK V\Y VMÄJL MYLX\LU[S`

.LULYHS 4J5LPS»Z OLHKX\HY[LYZ ^LYL H[ )HNYHT

Very high commanders would want to be kept up-to-date on a daily basis on certain prisoners there. The Brass knew. They saw them shackled. They saw them hooded. And they said, “Right VU @V\»YL KVPUN H NYLH[ QVI ¹

[Narrator] When the Red Cross toured Bagram, the sleep deprivation chart was erased. And the prisoners were unshackled. [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Traditional military WYVJLK\YL KPK UV[ HSSV^ `V\ [V ZOHJRSL ZVTLIVK` [V H Ä_LK object. Certainly not chaining their arms overhead. Initially [OL` ^LYL OHUKJ\MÄUN WLVWSL PU[V [OL HPYSVJR VM [OL JLSSZ MVY punishment. And that was to be strictly limited. 15 minutes. Half an hour. But it quickly ¸L]VS]LK¹ And when you walked in there, they just had a pair of long handcuffs dangling from the wire mesh ceiling of the cell. Ready for whoever came in.

CAUSE OF DEATH 30

4HUULY VM +LH[O! /VTPJPKL [Narrator] The Army Coroner who examined Dilawar discovered THZZP]L [PZZ\L KHTHNL PU OPZ SLNZ :OL SH[LY [LZ[PÄLK [OH[ OPZ SLNZ OHK ILLU W\SWPÄLK )\[ ^OH[ JV\SK OH]L JH\ZLK [OH[ RPUK VM damage?

[Colonel David Hayden] This is not a hotel. This is not a place for them to get fat, lazy and happy. 40

[Narrator] In a videotape that surfaced as part of the homicide investigation, Colonel David Hayden, the top Army lawyer for

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U.S. Forces in Afghanistan, described a policy of shackling and striking detainees. [Colonel David Hayden] There was an approved technique for [OL 47Z ^OLU ZVTLIVK` ^HZ H KPMÄJ\S[ WYPZVULY [OH[ `V\ JV\SK hit them on the legs. It was supposedly considered not a lethal blow. [Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] I didn’t actually hear a higher-up say, ¸.V HUK RPJR [OLT PU [OL SLN PM [OL` KV [OPZ HUK [OL` KV [OH[ ¹ But the higher-ups said, ¸0U VYKLY [V NL[ JVU[YVS VM [OLT [OH[»Z HU VW[PVU [OH[ `V\ JHU \ZL ¹ [Pfc. Willie Brand, Military Police, Bagram] It’s just your knee going into the side of their thigh about mid-way up. There’s supposed to be a pressure point right there. And it controls them really easy. [Colonel David Hayden] Over two days, everybody’s hitting you in the legs, it can cause some severe problems. [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Throughout the investigation, and even in the trials, a lot of the guards and interrogators described Dilawar as a very combative detainee, as a tough character. And that’s just never been reconciled with all the other evidence that there was about this guy. He weighed 122 pounds when he died. The men who had been passengers in Dilawar’s taxi told us later that he had just been absolutely [LYYPÄLK H[ )HNYHT ;OH[ [OL` OLHYK OPT [OYV\NO [OL ^HSSZ VM [OL isolation cells screaming for his mother and father. [Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] He’d been in a very uncomfortable position muttering some things, sometimes praying, sometimes asking for help, or seemingly asking for help, because I couldn’t understand his language. [Narrator] A number of witnesses remember the night before Dilawar died.

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] Just that one night he got kicked in the leg, maybe like 10 times.

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[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Some of the soldiers said they started using the knee strikes essentially to shut them up, because he was yelling and screaming.

[Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] The damage that was done was done from multiple strikes. And a lot of that could have been avoided had you known the person before you had fought with them, and used that exact technique.

[Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] When they eventually came to take him to an isolation cell, I believe his body had become almost limp. One of the reasons why they began punching him was that they felt he was putting it on. He was in the airlock standing there with a hood over his head. He had his hands tied above his head, and he was moaning. [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] He started to ÄNO[ YPNO[ [OLYL PU [OL HPYSVJR (UK [OL HPYSVJR OHZ H MYVU[ NH[L and a back gate. But both sides are concertina wire. Neither of \Z VMÄJLYZ ^HU[LK [V NL[ PU[V [OL JVUJLY[PUH ^PYL :V ^L W\SSLK OPT V\[ VM [OL HPYSVJR HUK W\[ OPT VU [OL ÅVVY HUK W\[ OPT into restraints.

[Narrator] What kind of force did you have to use to subdue him? [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] Physical force. He was struck. [Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] There were like four MPs on this guy. And one of the MPs just kept giving him kidney shots. The other two, they’d slam him to the ground. And then the fourth one like jumped on his back. He got a big gash on his nose. [Moazzam Begg, British subject detained at Bagram and Guantanamo 2002-2005] There was no reason to hit him. Remember, he was shackled.

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[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] Even when control wasn’t an issue, it became ¸>LSS 0»T Q\Z[ NVPUN [V KV [OPZ [V NL[ TPUL PU ¹ And that’s probably why they got in trouble. Because you really couldn’t justify kicking the guy that much if he was just chained up.

[Narrator] Dilawar was taken to an isolation cell where the knee strikes continued. In her statement at trial, the Army Coroner said his lower limbs looked like they had been run over by a bus. Had he lived, it would have been necessary to amputate his legs.

[Pfc. Willie Brand, Military Police, Bagram] Then it kind of raised the question of like, ¸;OPZ PZ ^OH[ ^L KPK [V OPT ¹ It’s not just like this is what I did to him, or this is what Cammie did to him, or Morden or anybody. Just, ¸;OPZ PZ ^OH[ ^L»]L KVUL ¹

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] It’s almost hard to fathom now. You had soldiers like Willie Brand who seems like this very NLU[SL RPUK VM ZVM[ ZWVRLU N\` I\[ ^OV [LZ[PÄLK [OH[ OL Z[Y\JR Dilawar so many times in the leg that his knee got tired, and he had to switch to the other one. [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Military Police, Bagram] Sometimes I feel that I should have gone with my own morality more than what was common. B5HYYH[VYD 6UL 47 [LZ[PÄLK [OH[ [OL Z[YPRLZ ILJHTL HU HT\ZLTLU[ PUÅPJ[LK VU +PSH^HY Q\Z[ [V OLHY OPT ZJYLHT ¸(SSHO ¹

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] Some would say, ¸>LSS OL` `V\ ZOV\SK OH]L Z[VWWLK [OPZ @V\ ZOV\SK OH]L Z[VWWLK [OH[ ÔLU `V\ ZH^ OL ^HZ PUQ\YLK VY ZH^ OL ^HZ ILPUN RPJRLK VU [OPZ · Ô` KPKU»[ `V\ KV ZVTL[OPUN&¹ That would be a good question! And my answer would be, ¸>LSS `V\ RUV^ P[ ^HZ \Z HNHPUZ[ [OLT ¹ I was over there. I didn’t want to appear [V IL NVPUN HNHPUZ[ T` MLSSV^ ZVSKPLYZ >OPJO · PZ [OH[ ^YVUN& You could sit here and say that was dead wrong. Go over there and say that! [Narrator] No one ever investigated who set the rules at Bagram. 0U]LZ[PNH[VYZ UL]LY HZRLK *HW[ >VVK ÔH[ ZLUPVY VMÄJLYZ OHK given orders to treat detainees in ways that were forbidden

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according to the Army Field Manual. MP Capt. Beiring was the VUS` VMÄJLY WYVZLJ\[LK PU [OL JHZL *HW[ *OYPZ[VWOLY )LPYPUN +LYLSPJ[PVU VM K\[` 4HRPUN H MHSZL Z[H[LTLU[

*HW[ *OYPZ[VWOLY )LPYPUN *OHYNLZ KYVWWLK 5V V[OLY VMÄJLYZ JOHYNLK His dereliction of duty charge was dismissed when the judge determined that no one had made clear what Capt. Beiring’s duty was. In spite of repeated requests for proper training, rules of engagement for his soldiers, his superiors gave him neither. [Spc. Glendale Walls, 519th Military Intelligence, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] We were all worried about not having that written guidelines. But they kept reassuring us that it was coming. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram] We knew exactly why we weren’t getting clear guidance, just in case something like this happened.

[Spc. Glendale Walls, 519th Military Intelligence, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] If I had to do it again, I’d probably say “No.” I’m not doing anything until I see something in writing. [Narrator] Do you think that looking back, you think you were misled?

[Spc. Glendale Walls, 519th Military Intelligence, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] I think we all were. 30

CHANGING THE RULES [Narrator] A week after September 11th, Vice-President Dick Cheney appeared on Meet the Press to describe how interrogation policies were about to change.

PAY BACK [Vice-President Dick Cheney] They have to work so that the Dark Side, if you will. We’ve got to spend time in the shadows in the Intelligence World. A lot of what needs to be done here will have to be done quietly, without any discussion, using sources

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and methods that are available to our Intelligence Agencies. If we’re going to be successful! That’s the world these folks operate in. And so it’s going to be vital for us to use any means at our disposal basically to achieve our objective.

[Scott Horton, Chair, Committee on International Law, NYC )HY (ZZVJPH[PVUD 0[»Z ]LY` JSLHY [OH[ P[ Z[HY[Z PU [OL VMÄJL VM =PJL President Cheney. He had a very strong view that we were not as aggressive in dealing with people in interrogations as we could or should be. Scott Horton, Chair, Committee on International Law, NYC Bar Association

¸;HRPUN [OL NSV]LZ VMM ¹ Being rough with detainees. [Narrator] If Dick Cheney was the primary architect of a new policy, John Yoo was the chief draftsman.

1VOU @VV +LW[ VM 1\Z[PJL 6MÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS /L ^YV[L N\PKPUN VWPUPVUZ [OH[ HYN\LK MVY H ÅL_PISL HWWYVHJO to treating suspected terrorists. B1VOU @VV +LW[ VM 1\Z[PJL 6MÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS D The United States used to treat terrorism as a criminal justice problem. The September 11th attacks showed that the struggle with Al Qaeda had moved into warfare. And I think when a foreign entity for political purposes, can kill 3,000 Americans, and cause billions of dollars of damage, and try to eliminate the leaders of the American government, that sounds like war to most people. It doesn’t sound like crime. [Narrator] President Bush declared a war on terror. But he raised questions about whether suspected terrorists should be protected by the laws of war: The Geneva Conventions. Atrocities that shocked the conscience of the world gave rise to the modern Geneva Conventions. International treaties meant to provide fundamental protections for every human being captured in wartime. In effect for over 50 years, Geneva offered legal protections and prohibited interrogators from using torture, murder, or even humiliating and degrading treatment. After 1VOU @VV ^VYRLK JSVZLS` ^P[O +PJR *OLUL`»Z VMÄJL HUK Alberto Gonzales, counsel to the President. They wrote a series

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of memos arguing that the Geneva Conventions did not apply to suspected terrorists. And they gave legal cover for the CIA and Special Forces to embark on a secret program of previously forbidden interrogation techniques.

The procedures adopted to try Hamdan also violate the Geneva Conventions. The D. C. Circuit dismissed Hamdanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s challenge in this regard on the grounds, inter alia, that the Conventions are not judicially enforceable and that, in any event, Hamdan is not entitled to their protections. Neither of these grounds is persuasive. Âˇ /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK, decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006

[Â¸7YLZPKLU[Âš George Bush] More than 3,000 suspected terrorists have been arrested in many countries. Many others have met a different fate. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s put it this way: They are no longer a problem to the United States and our friends and allies!

B4HZZ *SHWWPUN D [Narrator] The problem for the President, Gonzales warned, was that some of the new interrogation techniques were banned under U.S. and International law. [Rear Admiral John Hutson (Ret.), Former Judge Advocate General, 30 Years Military experience] One of the points that he makes is that we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want the Geneva Conventions to apply, because if they do, these things can be war crimes.

9LHY (KTPYHS 1VOU /\[ZVU 9L[ -VYTLY 1\KNL (K]VJH[L .LULYHS @LHYZ 4PSP[HY` L_WLYPLUJL 35

[Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well known is the principle of command responsibility. This was established in the Nuremberg trials after World War II. And it established the principle of International Criminal Law. 40

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(SILY[V 4VYH .LULYHS *V\UZLS [V [OL 5H]`

That individuals who order illegal treatment will be held accountable for the illegal treatment, even if they’re not immediately applying that kind of abusive treatment. [Narrator] To be certain that Americans interrogating prisoners would not be accused of torture, John Yoo co-authored a memo that would clarify the meaning of the term.

[Senator Carl Levin, Senate Armed Services Committee] The only prohibited acts would be extreme acts, which are equivalent to serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily functions, or even death. That’s an illegal memo. That’s the so-called ¸[VY[\YL TLTV ¹ B(SILY[V .VUaHSLZ ([[VYUL` .LULYHS *VUÄYTH[PVU /LHYPUND That was an arguable interpretation of the law. I’m sure we had discussions about it. And ultimately, it was accepted. Because [OH[ ^HZ [OL \S[PTH[L KLJPZPVU HUK WVZP[PVU VM [OL 6MÄJL VM Legal Counsel. [Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] The VMÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS TLTVYHUK\T ^HZ \UIV\UKLK 4LHUPUN that nowhere did it state that the application of cruel and unhuman and degrading treatment was prohibited. And at one point I asked John Yoo, ¸*HU [OL 7YLZPKLU[ H\[OVYPaLK [VY[\YL&¹ And his response was ¸@LZ ¹

B1VOU @VV +LW[ VM 1\Z[PJL 6MÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS D I think the lawyer’s job is to tell people what laws do or do not apply, so that they know what space they have to make their policy decision.

[Professor Doug Cassel] If the President deems that he’s got to torture somebody, including by crushing the testicles of the person’s child, there’s no law that can stop that? That’s what you wrote in the August 2002 memo.

B1VOU @VV +LW[ VM 1\Z[PJL 6MÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS D I think it depends on why the President thinks he needs to do that.

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[Narrator] Military lawyers were outraged by the implications of John Yoo’s memo.

[Scott Horton, Chair, Committee on International Law, NYC Bar (ZZVJPH[PVUD 4` ÄYZ[ PU]VS]LTLU[ PU [OPZ JHTL ^OLU 0 ^HZ ]PZP[LK 5 I` H NYV\W VM ]LY` ZLUPVY 1(. VMÄJLYZ B1(.$1\KNL (K]VJH[L .LULYHSD TVYL [OHU H `LHY ILMVYL [OL ÄYZ[ Z[VY` HIV\[ (I\ .OYHPI broke, who were very troubled about what was going on. And the focus of their concern was failing in the responsibilities that [OL TPSP[HY` SLHKLYZOPW OHK [V ZVSKPLYZ PU [OL ÄLSK ;OH[ ^HZ 10 responsibility to provide fair, clear guidance to them as to how [V ILOH]L PU [OLZL KPMÄJ\S[ JPYJ\TZ[HUJLZ (UK ^OH[ [OL` ZH^ was an intentional decision taken at the height of the Pentagon to put out a fog of ambiguity, coupled with great pressure to bring results. To be prepared to be violent with the detainees. 15 But, you know, this violence with the detainees is a criminal act. [Senator John McCain] They may be Al Qaeda. They may be Taliban. They may be the worst people in the world, and I’m sure that some of them are. But there are certain basic rules, and international agreements that the United States has agreed to that we will observe. You go ahead and please respond. You wanted to. [Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] Okay, very quickly, let me clarify. The President’s policy: ¸(Z H TH[[LY VM WVSPJ` [OL <UP[LK :[H[LZ (YTLK -VYJLZ ZOHSS JVU[PU\L [V [YLH[ KL[HPULLZ O\THULS` HUK [V [OL L_[LU[ HWWYVWYPH[L HUK JVUZPZ[LU[ ^P[O TPSP[HY` ULJLZZP[` PU H THUULY JVUZPZ[LU[ ^P[O [OL WYPUJPWSLZ VM .LUL]H ¹ [Senator John McCain] That is a legalistic statement and one that is ridden with loopholes. And it is clear to me that the interrogators did not understand that “humane treatment” might be in the eye of the beholder.

B5HYYH[VYD 0U [OL ÄLSK PU (MNOHUPZ[HU [OLYL ^HZ H NYLH[ KLHS VM confusion about exactly what the rules were. [Spc. Glendale Walls, 519th Military Intelligence, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] They told us when dealing with the PUCs as they called them, the Persons Under U.S. Custody, ¸;OL` KVU»[

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MHSS \UKLY .LUL]H *VU]LU[PVUZ.” Basically, the only thing we weren’t allowed to do is beat ‘em up. ¸7LYZVU <UKLY *VU[YVS ¹ ¸7LYZVU <UKLY *\Z[VK` ¹ Something like that. You know, they call them anything to dehumanize them so that you don’t look at them as people. B7<* $ 7,9:65 <5+,9 < : *<:;6+@D

[Sgt. Thomas Curtis, Military Police, Bagram] I don’t remember hearing anything about Geneva Convention. Of course I’m familiar with it, but they didn’t go over that in any kind of detail. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram] I didn’t know what the Field Manual for Interrogation, I didn’t know the proper nomenclature for it. I’d seen it. There was a copy lying around, I’m sure, somewhere. And if I had chosen to, I could have picked it up and read it. But I was working 16-hour days. To sit down and read a Field Manual was not top of my priorities over there. [Vice-President Dick Cheney] It is a mean, nasty, dangerous, dirty business out there. And we have to operate in that arena. I’m convinced we can do it. We can do it successfully. But we need to make certain that we have not tied the hands, if you will, of our Intelligence Communities in terms of accomplishing their mission. [Fox News] These terrorists play by a whole different set of rules. 0[»Z NVPUN [V MVYJL \Z · PU `V\Y ^VYKZ · [V NL[ TLHU KPY[` HUK nasty in order to take them on?

[Vice-President Dick Cheney] Uh-hmm. Right. THE LABORATORY 35

[Narrator] Guided by a legal opinion from John Yoo, the Bush Administration began shipping some high-value detainees to the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. [Rear Admiral John Hutson (Ret.), Former Judge Advocate General, 30 Years Military Experience] Initially I thought, “.VVK ZHML WSHJL 7\[ [OLT [OLYL IHYILK ^PYL HSS V]LY ¹ Then it became apparent the reason we were doing it was because we were

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going to argue that there’s no law. You know, Cuban law didn’t apply. U.S. law didn’t apply. Well, that was a big step down the slippery slope.

The Government argues unpersuasively that abstention is appropriate under Councilman, which concluded that, as a matter of comity, federal courts should normally abstain from intervening in pending courts-martial against service members, see 420 U. S., at 740. Neither of the comity considerations *V\UJPSTHU PKLU[PÄLK ^LPNOZ PU MH]VY VM HIZ[LU[PVU OLYL -PYZ[ the assertion that military discipline and, therefore, the Armed -VYJLZ» LMÄJPLU[ VWLYH[PVU HYL ILZ[ ZLY]LK PM [OL TPSP[HY` Q\Z[PJL system acts without regular interference from civilian courts, see id., at 752, is inapt because Hamdan is not a service member. Second, the view that federal courts should respect the balance Congress struck when it created ¸HU PU[LNYH[LK Z`Z[LT VM TPSP[HY` JV\Y[Z HUK YL]PL^ WYVJLK\YLZ¹ is inapposite, since the tribunal convened to try Hamdan is not part of that integrated system. Rather than Councilman, the most relevant precedent is Ex parte Quirin, where the Court, far from abstaining pending the conclusion of ongoing military proceedings, expedited its review because of (1) the public importance of the questions raised, (2) the Court’s duty, in both peace and war, to preserve the constitutional safeguards of civil liberty, and (3) the public interest in a decision on those questions without delay, 317 < : H[ ;OL .V]LYUTLU[ OHZ PKLU[PÄLK UV JV\U[LY]HPSPUN interest that would permit federal courts to depart from their general duty to exercise the jurisdiction Congress has conferred VU [OLT · /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK, decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006

B1VOU @VV +LW[ VM 1\Z[PJL 6MÄJL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS D I think what the policy makers are trying to do was to try and ÄUK H WSHJL [OH[ ^HZ WO`ZPJHSS` JSVZL [V [OL <UP[LK :[H[LZ ZV P[ JHU IL ^LSS WYV[LJ[LK I\[ Z[PSS ^V\SK ILULÄ[ MYVT [OL Y\SL [OH[ the United States Military has ultimate say and control over any prisoners held outside the country. The appeals court relied on a statement in 1VOUZVU ] ,PZLU[YHNLY 339 U. S. 763 , n. 14, suggesting that this Court lacked power even to consider the merits of a Convention argument because the political and military authorities had sole responsibility for

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observing and enforcing prisoners’ rights under the Convention. However, Eisentrager does not control here because, regardless of the nature of the rights conferred on Hamdan, cf. <UP[LK :[H[LZ ] 9H\ZJOLY 119 U. S. 407, they are indisputably part of the law of war, see Hamdi, 542 U. S., at 520521, compliance with which is the condition upon which UCMJ Art. 21 authority PZ NYHU[LK · /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006 [¸7YLZPKLU[¹ George W. Bush] One by one the terrorists are learning the meaning of American ¸1\Z[PJL ¹ STANDING OVATION FROM THE MOB CONGRESS

[Narrator] In December, 2001, a man named Mohamed alKahtani [Muhammed al-Qahtani] was swept up in Afghanistan and sent to Guantanamo. After eight months in detention, the Army ¸KPZJV]LYLK¹ that he ¸TH` OH]L¹ trained to be the 20th hijacker. Suddenly, Kahtani became the most important detainee in Guantanamo. [Brigadier General Jay Hood, Commander Joint Task Force, Guantanamo 2004-2006] Here we had a man who was supposed [V OH]L ILLU VU [OH[ WSHUL [OH[ ^HZ ÅV^U PU[V [OL 7LUUZ`S]HUPH JV\U[Y`ZPKL :V 0 [OPUR [OLYL ^HZ H ZLUZL VM \YNLUJ` [V ÄUK V\[ what this guy knew in order to be able to prevent any future attacks. Brigadier General Jay Hood, Commander Joint Task Force, Guantanamo 2004-2006 [Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] He successfully resisted standard interrogation techniques at Guantanamo for eight months.

Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹

And he is the genesis for the request by the Joint Task Force at Guantanamo for more techniques that might be able to get past his resistance training.

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[Narrator] In September 2002, John Yoo and Alberto Gonzales traveled to Guantanamo. Soon after their visit, and just before Dilawar’s arrival at Bagram, Donald Rumsfeld personally approved a new menu of psychological interrogation techniques for use on Mohamed al-Kahtani. Exactly how the techniques would be applied was often left to the imagination of the interrogators. [Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹D It was California avocado freestyle ... I mean it was just a free for all (about the al-Qahtani interrogation).

.P[H .\[PLYYLa 3H^`LY MVY 4VOHTTLK HS 8HO[HUP [Gita Gutierrez, Lawyer for Mohammed al-Qahtani] His interrogations are well documented in a log, and from November, 2002 until early January, 2003, he was subjected to this regime. It involved very severe sleep deprivation. He was only permitted to sleep 4 hours a day from 7:00 in the morning to 11:00 in the morning. and that lasted for 50 days with one exception. He was held in severe isolation and sensory deprivation.

36. 7(., ! +,;(05,, >(: ;63+ ;6 :;(5+ (5+ 36<+ 4<:0* >(: 73(@,+ ;6 2,,7 +,;(05,, (>(2, 25

Use of 20 hour investigations Deprivation of light and auditory stimuli Inducing stress by use of detainee’s fears (e.g., dogs)

There are a number of instances in the log where you will see the phrase ¸PU]HZPVU VM ZWHJL I` H MLTHSL ¹ And that was actually an interrogation tactic designed to break his faith. 35

36. 7(., ! -,4(3, 05;,996.(;69 <:,+ 05=(:065 6- 7,9:65(3 :7(*, (5+ +,;(05,, *90,+ 6<; ;6 (33(/ [Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹D The Interrogator approached Detainee from behind, and rubbed OPZ IHJR ^OPZWLYLK PU OPZ LHY HUK YHU ÄUNLYZ [OYV\NO OPZ OHPY That was authorized under the utility technique.

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YOUR MOTHER IS A WHORE [Gita Gutierrez, Lawyer for Mohammed al-Qahtani] He was subjected to what I would call â&#x20AC;&#x153;sexual assaultâ&#x20AC;? by female interrogators.

36. 7(., ! /, >(: 3(0+ 6<; 65 ;/, -3669 :6 0 :;9(++3,+ /04

[Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Schmidt Reportâ&#x20AC;?] He was forced to wear womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lingerie. There were multiple allegations of homosexuality, and that his comrades were aware of that. He was forced to dance with a male interrogator. Subject to strip searches for control measures, not for security. 36. 7(., ! +6. ;90*2: *65;05<,+ And he was forced to perform dog tricks. All of this to lower his personal sense of worth.

36. 7(., ! ;63+ +,;(05,, ;/(; ( +6. 0: /,3+ 05 HIGHER ESTEEM THAN HE IS [Gita Gutierrez, Lawyer for Mohammed al-Qahtani] Theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve tried to characterize it as individual interrogators pushing the envelope, or starting to get (quote) Â¸JYLH[P]L Âš 36. 7(., ! :0::@ :3(7 .36=, 0: 05-3(;,+ (5+ 7,906+0*(33@ ;6<*/,+ ;6 +,;(05,,Âť: -(*,

36. 7(., ! +,;(05,, .0=,5 (5 ,5,4( 36. 7(., ! *65;963 ),.(5 Â¸)09;/+(@ 7(9;@Âš (5+ 73(*,+ 7(9;@ /(; 65 +,;(05,,

36. 7(., ! 05;,996.(;69: (5+ .<(9+: :05. Â¸.6+ )3,:: (4,90*( Âš

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36. 7(., ! +,;(05,, .0=,5 ;/9,, (5+ 65, /(3- )(.: 0=

36. 7(., ! /,»: >03305. ;6 ;(32 :6 /, *(5 <905(;, 5

36. 7(., ! /, >(: ;63+ /, >033 56; ), <5:;9(77,+ 36. 7(., ! +,;(05,, <905(;,+ 05 /0: 7(5;: 36. 7(., ! ;/, 05;,996.(;69: 9,46=,+ ;/, 10 BLANKET AND TURNED AIR CONDITIONER BACK UP [Gita Gutierrez, Lawyer for Mohammed al-Qahtani] The combination of his lack of food intake and forcible hydration led him at one point to actually his heart slowed down to 35 beats a minute, and he was rushed to the hospital to be revived. 36. 7(., ! +,;(05,,»: 7<3:, <5<:<(33@ :36> · BPM. 36. 7(., ! ;(2, +,;(05,, ;6 /6:70;(3 ;6 7,9-694 *; :*(5 6- +,;(05,,»: )9(05 [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of “( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] Mohamed al-Kahtani, in many ways, that single interrogation, protected interrogation, contains within it, if you will, the entire genealogy, the entire history of CIA torture over the last 50 years. Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹ The CIA launched a mind control project, a veritable Manhattan Project of the Mind, in the 1950s. In-house, the CIA worked on exotic techniques. Hypnosis. And then they worked on sodium pentathol. And then they worked on electro-shock. And ultimately, they discovered LSD. All of that broke stuff, inhouse, went nowhere, except to lawsuits. But what did work, was the CIA outsourced all the dull, behavioral research to the most brilliant behavioral scientists at the top universities in the United States and Canada. [Narrator] At McGill, experiments by famed psychologist Donald O. Hebb caught the eye of CIA researchers.

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4J.PSS <UP]LYZP[` 8\LILJ [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] Dr. Hebb found that he could induce a state akin to acute psychosis in 48 hours. All he did, he had student volunteers sit in a very pleasant air-conditioned cubicle with goggles, gloves and ear muffs. Actually, you know what they looked just like? ;OL .\HU[HUHTV KL[HPULLZ 0M `V\ ZLL [OVZL V\[Ä[Z [OH[ [OL Guantanamo detainees have where they have the gloves and the goggles and the ear muffs? You know, everybody thinks that’s security. No, no, no. That’s sensory breakdown. Within a day there would be hallucinations. Within two days, breakdown. [Dr. Donald O. Hebb, McGill University, Quebec] I began to think while we were doing our experiments that it is possible that something that involves physical discomfort or even pain might be more tolerable than simply the deprivation conditions that we studied. [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of “( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] The CIA was fascinated by this. They jumped on it immediately. [Dr. Donald O. Hebb, McGill University, Quebec] I had no idea what a potentially vicious weapon this could be.

[Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] They identify two key techniques: They identified sensory KPZVYPLU[H[PVU HUK [OL` PKLU[PÄLK ZLSM PUÅPJ[LK WHPU! Z[HUKPUN -VY KH`Z H[ H [PTL ^OPSL Å\PKZ ÅV^LK [V [OL SLNZ (UK [OL` W\[ them together in the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual. And they propagated it around the world and through the U.S. Intelligence community. Think about what al-Kahtani was subjected to, okay? First of all, he’s in dark; he’s in light. He’s in cold; he’s in heat. What they are doing is they are attacking his universal sensory receptors. They are also scrambling his time. So that’s Phase One. In Guantanamo under the regime of General Miller, he turned Guantanamo PU[V H ]LYP[HISL ILOH]PVYHS ZJPLU[PÄJ SHIVYH[VY` (UK +VUHSK Rumsfeld gave orders for techniques beyond the Field Manual. And they percolated. And they percolated in an ambiguous way that allowed people to kind of do what they thought needed to

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be done. And they explore Arab male sensitivity to gender and sexual identity. So that’s the thing about being homosexual. The underwear on the head. All that sort of stuff.

[Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Interrogator, Iraq] People were saying, ¸(YHIZ YLHSS` HYL ]LY` ZLUZP[P]L [V ZL_\HS O\TPSPH[PVU ¹ Well, who the hell isn’t sensitive to sexual humiliation? You know, nobody wants to be stripped down naked and forced to masturbate with a hood over your head. It’s ridiculous!

[Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] Then they created behavioral science consultation teams where they had military psychologists integrate into the ongoing interrogation to discover individual fears and phobias. And all of that was visited on al-Kahtani.

[Senator John McCain] You are aware of communications IL[^LLU .LULYHS 4PSSLY HUK :LJYL[HY` 9\TZMLSK ZWLJPÄJHSS` about this one prisoner? 20

[Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] To our knowledge there was a considerable amount of communication up and down the chain. [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] As you know, from General Schmidt’s report, he concluded that these techniques individually did not constitute torture. But he said that the sum of these techniques ...

[Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] The cumulative effect of simultaneous applications of numerous, authorized techniques had abusive and degrading impact on the detainee.

< : (94@ +,*305,+ ;6 +0:*07305, .,5 4033,9

[Narrator] And he recommended that General Miller be disciplined. [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] But he said it did not constitute torture.

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[Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] We made a distinction between what torture and inhumane treatment would be, given the general guidelines, and then what might be abusive and degrading. Something might be degrading, but not necessarily torture. And it may not be inhumane. It may be humiliating, but it may not be torture. No torture, no physical pain injury. There was a safe, secure environment the entire time. [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] And that, of course, is the genius of the CIA’s psychological paradigm. 7Z`JOVSVNPJHS [VY[\YL PZ HSS H TH[[LY VM KLÄUP[PVUZ (UK P[»Z ]LY` slippery indeed. [Senator] That sounds remarkably similar to what occurred at Abu Ghraib. People being led around in chains. People being forced to wear lingerie. Perhaps a coincidence, perhaps not. [Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] If you look at those Abu Ghraib photographs, again, it’s always the same techniques. First of all, there’s the sexual activity with the woman’s garments. And the masturbation and all the rest. That’s the cultural sensitivity. They are short-shackled; they are long-shackled; they are shackled upside-down. These are stress positions. The most famous of all Abu Ghraib photographs, of course, of that hooded Iraqi standing on a box, arms outstretched. He’s told if he steps off the box, if he moves, he’ll be electrocuted. That’s the point of the fake electrical wires. So it’s the absolute immobility for protracted periods. And then with arms extended. As we would say to the viewers, ¸+VU»[ [Y` [OPZ H[ OVTL ¹ But do try it! Just stand for ten minutes with your arms stretched out, not moving.

[Narrator] Carolyn Wood was an example of the way new techniques spread and mutated like a virus. Long before Wood took charge of interrogation at Abu Ghraib, her unit was involved with harsh techniques at Bagram, including stress positions, forced standing, and sleep deprivation.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Journalist] One of the memoranda shows that in early December, 2002, the interrogators at Bagram Q\Z[ SVVRLK VU [OL 0U[LYUL[ · [OL` HYL PU [V\JO ^P[O [OL N\`Z H[

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.\HU[HUHTV · HUK [OL` SLHYULK [OH[ [OLZL N\`Z H[ .\HU[HUHTV had gotten new techniques from the Secretary of Defense, and they just started using them. Even though the techniques had clearly been approved exclusively for use at Guantanamo.

[Professor Alfred McCoy, Author of ¸( 8\LZ[PVU VM ;VY[\YL¹] When General Miller himself traveled from Guantanamo to Iraq in August, 2003, he brought with him a CD and a manual on the “advanced” techniques they had developed at Guantanamo. And he gave them to General Sanchez’s command. So there are these multiple paths that you can trace whereby these interrogators’ techniques go through this global migration, through Afghanistan, to Iraq, from Guantanamo directly to Iraq. And the net result is Abu Ghraib.

[Narrator] Well before the abuses at Abu Ghraib became public, NV]LYUTLU[ VMÄJPHSZ OHK ILLU X\PL[S` YHPZPUN JVUJLYUZ HIV\[ harsh techniques in use at Guantanamo. [Senator Carl Levin, Senate Armed Services Committee] There were emails back to the Department of Justice from FBI personnel down at Guantanamo saying, ¸@V\ ^VU»[ ILSPL]L ÔH[»Z NVPUN VU KVÛ OLYL >L»]L NV[ [V KPZHZZVJPH[L V\YZLS]LZ HZ -)0 WLVWSL MYVT ÔH[ PZ NVPUN VU OLYL PU .\HU[HUHTV ¹ This email says “The +6+ OHZ [OLPY THYJOPUN VYKLYZ MYVT [OL :LJYL[HY` VM +LMLUZL¹ · ¸4HYJOPUN VYKLYZ MYVT [OL :LJYL[HY` VM +LMLUZL ¹ · [V LUNHNL PU WYHJ[PJLZ ÔPJO [OL -)0 ÄUKZ [V IL KLLWS` VMMLUZP]L HUK KHUNLYV\Z ¹ But the emails are what is called ¸YLKHJ[LK¹, which means that there’s big holes in these emails. Now some of these emails are totally redacted, so we don’t know what they say at all. That’s an example of a lot of the documents that we got here. You know, you can’t see anything on these documents. There’s one after another where there’s nothing.

THE INSIDER

[Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] In early December, 2002, I had heard that there was detainee abuse going on. I called the Army General Counsel and asked him whether he had any information. I said, ¸0»T YLJLP]PUN YLWVY[Z [OH[ ZVTL VM [OL KL[HPULLZ HYL ILPUN HI\ZLK H[ .\HU[HUHTV

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+V `V\ RUV^ HU`[OPUN HIV\[ [OPZ&¹ And his response back was, ¸0 RUV^ H SV[ HIV\[ P[ *VTL VU KV^U [V T` VMÄJL ¹ They pushed a stack of documents across the desk. The top document was Memorandum from the General Counsel, Department of Defense to Secretary Rumsfeld. And it was that cover memo that requested authorization of the application of certain interrogation techniques. And the top memo gave Secretary Rumsfeld’s approval for the application of some of those techniques. It’s the memo with Secretary Rumsfeld’s handwritten notations on the bottom saying that he stands 8-10 OV\YZ H KH` · ¸/V^ JVTL [OLZL KL[HPULLZ HYL VUS` YLX\PYLK [V Z[HUK \W [V MV\Y OV\YZ H KH`&¹ 0 ^HZ HZ[V\UKLK )\[ T` ÄYZ[ reaction was that this was a mistake! Somebody just didn’t read the documents carefully enough.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Journalist] I think people in the Pentagon thought of Alberto Mora as a loyal, Republican, political appointee. He would never have been considered a rabble-rouser or a liberal. He said he expected that he would raise these issues, and people in positions of authority would say, ¸6O ;OHURZ MVY SL[[PUN \Z RUV^ ¹ And that would be the end of it. [Reporter] I want to ask you about a memo that was written by Alberto Mora. Do you recall on this memo that you wrote a little notation on the bottom about standing more than four hours, because you stand at your desk ... [Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld] [Cuts him off] I do! I do!

[Reporter] This attorney argued that that could be interpreted by some as a wink-and-a-nod that it would be okay to go beyond the techniques that were prescribed in the memo. [Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld] Oh, no, no, no, no, no. There’s no wink-and-a-nod about anything. There was one provision in there that they would have people stand for several hours, and it was a semi-humorous remark that a person in his ZL]LU[PLZ Z[HUKZ HSS KH` SVUN 0 Q\Z[ T\ZLK [OH[ PU · HUK TH`IL P[ ZOV\SKU»[ OH]L NVUL V\[ I\[ P[ KPK · HUK 0 ^YV[L P[ (UK SPML goes on.

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[Reporter] But his point was that you should have gotten much IL[[LY HK]PJL MYVT `V\Y SLNHS Z[HMM · [Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld] [Interrupts Reporter HNHPUD 0 OLHYK `V\Y X\LZ[PVU [OL ÄYZ[ [PTL [Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] What was of concern to me was the techniques, how their individual and in combination could rise to the level of torture. Okay, you’re permitting certain interrogation techniques. But certainly there must be some limit which is set on the severity of the techniques. Light deprivation could mean placing the detainee in a dark room for 15 minutes, or it could mean a month. Or two months. Or three months until he goes blind. “+L[HPULL»Z ZWLJPÄJ WOVIPH [LJOUPX\LZ¹: the snakes, the bats, the rats, lock somebody up in H JVMÄU · `V\»YL SPTP[LK VUS` I` `V\Y PTHNPUH[PVU (U` VUL VM these techniques individually could yield the results of torture. Certainly, in combination, you could reach that fairly quickly.

[Dr. Donald O. Hebb] See, if you put a person into this procedure, and keep them there for more than the six or eight days that I would think might be the maximum tolerability, then the price is pretty high.

[Narrator] The price is someone’s sanity?

[Dr. Donald O. Hebb] Presumably, it could be. [Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] The medical literature had a phenomenon called “force drift,” that made it almost inevitable that the interrogators would continue applying greater and greater increments of force to achieve their desired results. [Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former Chief of Staff to Colin Powell] For example, take Secretary Rumsfeld’s memo. And to say that, ¸>LSS SVVR OL ZHPK [OH[ KVNZ OH]L [V IL T\aaSLK ¹ Well, that’s a man who doesn’t understand the Military on the ground. Because when that E-6 is sitting there with that muzzled dog, and there is absolutely no impact on that person being interrogated, he’s going to take that muzzle off. That’s reality. That’s human nature.

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[Narrator] Alberto Mora threatened to go on record with his concerns unless the techniques were rescinded. [Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld] When, after the facts, it turns out that there is concern about it that concerns me, then I’m happy to rescind it and take another fresh look at it. And talk to more people about it. And see what ought to be done. [Alberto Mora, General Counsel to the Navy, 2001-2006] To his credit, Secretary Rumsfeld did rescind the interrogation techniques. And then, for over a year and a half, I heard no reports from any quarter about detainee abuse anywhere. When (I\ .OYHPI OP[ T` ÄYZ[ [OV\NO[ ^HZ ¸/HK 0 ILLU JPYJ\T]LU[LK& /HK [OLPY ILLU H\[OVYPaH[PVUZ MVY [OL HI\ZL VM WYPZVULYZ [OH[ 0 OHK UV[ SLHYULK HIV\[&¹ [Narrator] Had the orders really been rescinded? According to interrogators, the use of shackling, dogs, stress positions and sensory assault, continued to be widespread. Tony Lagouranis was an interrogator who arrived in Iraq after the Military became aware of the abuses at Abu Ghraib. [Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Interrogator, Iraq] Among the Interrogation Guidelines they gave us, it said that dogs are authorized to be used on detainees. You know, stress positions. Sleep deprivation. All of those things that I did, or I would consider harsh techniques, or violating Geneva Conventions, I was told to do. So we were told to do that to these people by our Superiors.

[Rear Admiral John Hutson (Ret., Former Judge Advocate General, 30 Years Military experience] The spine of the United States Armed Forces is the chain of command. What starts at the top of the chain of command drops like a rock down the chain of command. And that’s why Lynndie England knew what Donald Rumsfeld was thinking without actually talking to Donald Rumsfeld. [Narrator] In the wake of Abu Ghraib, journalists began to look harder at previous cases of abuse ...

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(55(3: 6- ;/, 7,5;(.65 · ;/, 4,46 · /6> (5 INTERNAL EFFORT TO BAN THE ABUSE AND TORTURE OF DETAINEES WAS THWARTED, BY JANE MAYER

to try to understand what had caused them and who was responsible.

[Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former Chief of Staff to Colin Powell] People like Tim Golden at the New York Times got a hold of it and started looking at the case of Dilawar, in particular. The taxi driver. It became at least plausible to me that this man wasn’t even guilty of anything other than being there when the sweep occurred. And here was a guy who was murdered in detention.

THE WRONG MAN [Speaker] In memory for those whose lives were taken, for those ^OV NH]L ZLSÅLZZS` VM [OLTZLS]LZ -V\Y `LHYZ HNV V\Y UH[PVU came under attack ... [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] 9/11 was very much in [OL HPY (UK 0 [OPUR [OL VMÄJLYZ [YPLK [V RLLW P[ PU [OL HPY ;OL` tried to remind these kids that these people are our enemies. But it’s hard to see how these young soldiers could have been L_WLJ[LK [V ÄN\YL V\[ ^OV [OLPY YLHS LULTPLZ ^LYL HTVUN H bunch of militiamen and farmers in a society that was completely foreign to them.

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] If I remember correctly, his story had something to do with the rocket attack at a military base. And he was supposed to be the driver of the get-away car.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] He had taken his new car, which he was obviously excited about, and driven to Khost, the provincial capitol, where he went to look for taxi passengers. @HR\IP @HR\IP

And he in fact found these three men in Khost, at the marketplace, who were headed back to Yakubi. You have to imagine that Dilawar was driving home from this provincial capitol, which

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was about as far as his world stretched. He gets stopped at Fire Base Salerno by a group of Afghan militiamen. And the men apparently found an electric stabilizer in the trunk of the car. At least they claimed to. Camp Salerno had been rocketed from some distance earlier in the day. -PYL )HZL :HSLYUV (MNOHUPZ[HU

And the Afghan militiamen immediately arrested the four guys on suspicion of having had some involvement in that attack. He’s taken to Bagram this great distance away. You get a bunch of guys who are back at this detention site, and they are told that we have evidence that they have been involved in a rocket attack on American forces. So I think that kind of tripped a wire in them.

[Tony Lagouranis, Military Interrogator, Iraq] You’re in this atmosphere where you’re with nothing but military people. And you feel sort of morally isolated. And you lose your moral bearings. Then you’re frustrated because you’re not getting intelligence from a prisoner that you believe is guilty and has intelligence to give you. So, of course, you want to start pushing the limits, and see how far you can go.

;VU` 3HNV\YHUPZ 4PSP[HY` 0U[LYYVNH[VY 0YHX

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] A lot of the pressure came from the fact that we had a few high value detainees that gave a lot of good information. And when we started to lose those detainees due to going to Guantanamo Bay, that they expected this to come from everybody. [Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram] We would interrogate some of these guys just to interrogate them. And it was ridiculous. I mean, you’d get some of these guys in and you’re like, ¸;OPZ PZ [OL ^YVUN THU ;OPZ PZ UV[ ^OV ^L»YL Z\WWVZLK [V OH]L ¹ Especially being a screener, you could tell from the moment you got him in. You’re like, ¸>L»YL UV[ Z\WWVZLK [V OH]L OPT ¹

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] We had one prisoner came in who was mentally challenged. And

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Sgt. Loring kept saying that, you know, this is a cover. This is al Qaeda’s cover. This is what they do. And I went in there and talked to him and, basically, they had this guy in a diaper. He’d eat his own feces. But Loring kept saying it was an act.

[Pfc. Damien Corsetti, 519 Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram] They’d be like, ¸/L` ^L ^HU[ `V\ [V NV `LSS H[ [OPZ N\` ¹ So I’d grab my box of Frosted Flakes that I was eating for breakfast that morning, and I’d go into the room, and I’d be like, “Alright, 0 OH]L [V `LSS H[ `V\ [VKH` ¹ So I’d be like ¸KLO`KYVNLUH[LK ZHS[ Z\IZ[P[\[L ¹ And just start yelling that at them. And they’d be like, they’d look at me all crazy, and I’d be like, “@LHO ;OH[»Z `V\Y MH\S[ [OL` W\[ [OH[ PU T` JLYLHS UV^ ¹ Or I’d yell at them if Elvis was really the King of Rock, or if he was dead. Or stuff like that. And I’d write that in my interrogation summaries. And I’d send that up to higher that that’s what I did for that two hours. th

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] You really can’t get a feel for a person until after you talk to him a couple VM [PTLZ :V VU [OL ÄYZ[ [OYLL [PTLZ 0 [HSRLK [V OPT P[ ^HZ Q\Z[ verifying his story. Looking for loops. Looking for holes. After the third time I talked to him, and his story was still consistent, I kept telling him I thought he was innocent.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] And they wanted these people to be guilty because that would look better for their unit. They could say that we arrested 60 people this month. And they were all terrorists.

[Moazzam Begg, Detained at Bagram and Guantanamo] ¸>OLU ^HZ [OL SHZ[ [PTL `V\ ZH^ 6ZHTH IPU 3HKLU&¹ “>OLU ^HZ [OL SHZ[ [PTL `V\ ZH^ 4VOHTLK ([[H&¹ Now, this was a standard question that they would ask of every detainee.

[Tony Lagouranis, Military Interrogator, Iraq] It’s very hard to go 35 PU[V HU PU[LYYVNH[PVU ^P[O ]LY` SP[[SL L]PKLUJL · HUK ^L HSTVZ[ UL]LY OHK L]PKLUJL VU [OLZL N\`Z · HUK LSPJP[ H JVUMLZZPVU You can go in and get intelligence, but if you’re asking this guy [V JVTWSL[LS` PUJYPTPUH[L OPTZLSM P[»Z ]LY` KPMÄJ\S[ :V `V\ OH]L to start using harsher and harsher techniques in order to elicit 40 the confession.

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Sgt. Steven Loring, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan [Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] I was yelled at for being too nice to him by Sgt. Loring. That I needed to put more pressure on him. As he liked to say, ¸0 ULLKLK [V [HRL OPT V\[ VM OPZ JVTMVY[ aVUL ¹ [Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] After a while, WHY[PJ\SHYS` PU [OL MV\Y[O HUK ÄM[O PU[LYYVNH[PVUZ HZ [OL ZSLLW deprivation that he was being subjected to really started to knock him out, the interrogations got more intense. Sgt. Salcedo, who was an inexperienced interrogator but a kind of can-do soldier ...

Sgt. Selena Salcedo, 519th Military Intelligence Unit, Bagram, Afghanistan

had this man who refused to look at her because she was a woman. She said she got very frustrated by this, and grabbed him by the sides of the face, and sort of turned him to face her and look at her, and take her seriously. But, of course, he was an Afghan man from a tribal, conservative culture, who didn’t look at strange women.

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] Sgt. Salcedo was getting a little aggravated. So I kind of stepped in between them. And that’s when I grabbed him by the shirt. And I brought him over to the wall. 30

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] They tried to make him stand up against the wall, and he was sliding down. They pushed him back against the wall. 35

[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] He wasn’t making any kind of sense. Most of it seemed to just be rambling. The interpreter was telling me that his wife came to visit him in his cell. Which, of course, didn’t happen.

[Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Military Intelligence, Bagram] If you’ve ever seen anybody sleep-depped, ugh, past two days they begin to just be bumbling idiots. Three days they are just worthless.

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[Spc. Glendale Walls, Interrogated Dilawar at Bagram] I knew something was wrong. And the next thing I heard was that he died.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] Not long after Dilawar was killed, we learned that the Afghan guerilla commander, whose men had arrested Dilawar and the others, had in fact been detained by the Americans himself. And it turned out that he was rocketing their base, and then picking up innocent Afghans and turning them over to the Americans. Essentially to try and ingratiate himself with U.S. forces. The three passengers were sent to Guantanamo. And they didn’t get out until March of 2004, which was 15 months after they had been captured riding in the taxi. It’s hard to understand what reason the Americans would have had to send these guys on when they had quite clearly concluded that Dilawar, at least, was an innocent man when he was killed. It certainly makes you wonder about whether they just sent these guys on to cover their butts.

THE WORST OF THE WORST

[Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense] ¸;OLZL¹ are not mere innocents. ¸;OLZL¹ are among the worst of the worst. “These” are among the most dangerous, best-trained, vicious killers on the face of the earth.

[Dick Cheney, Vice-President] ¸;OL`¹ are terrorists. ¸;OL`¹ are bombmakers. ¸;OL`¹ are facilitators of terror. ¸;OL`¹ are members of al Qaeda, the Taliban. 30

[Ari Fleischer, Bush White House Press Secretary] And if ¸[OL`¹ were free, they would engage in murder once again. [¸7YLZPKLU[¹ George W. Bush] The only thing I know for certain is that ¸[OLZL¹ are bad people. Even assuming that Hamden is a dangerous individual who would cause great harm or death to innocent civilians given the opportunity, the Executive nevertheless must comply with the prevailing rule of law in undertaking to try him and subject him [V JYPTPUHS W\UPZOTLU[ · /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006

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[Tom Wilner, Lawyer For 11 Kuwaitis in Guantanamo] Despite Rumsfeldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Cheneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and President Bushâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s allegations that Â¸[OLZL N\`ZÂš are the worst of the worst, that they were all captured VU [OL IH[[SLĂ&#x201E;LSK YLJLU[ Z[\KPLZ VM [OL ^OVSL JVTWLUKP\T VM .V]LYUTLU[ÂťZ KVJ\TLU[Z ZOV^ [OH[ VUS` Ă&#x201E;]L WLYJLU[ VM [OLZL people were picked up by the United States. Only 8% of them are accused of being members of the al Qaeda. Over 90% of them were picked up by Northern Alliance or Pakistani forces in exchange for bounties.

[Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense] We have LARGE YL^HYKZ V\[ >L OH]L SLHĂ&#x2026;L[Z [OH[ HYL KYVWWPUN SPRL ZUV^Ă&#x2026;HRLZ in December in Chicago. 15

B5HYYH[VYD (U HUHS`ZPZ VM KLJSHZZPĂ&#x201E;LK NV]LYUTLU[ KVJ\TLU[Z revealed that only 7% of Guantanamo detainees were captured by U.S. and Coalition forces. *(7;<9,+ )@ *6(30;065 -69*,:

;<95,+ 6=,9 ;6 < : -69*,:

The other 93%, like Dilawar and his passengers, were turned over by Afghan warlords and Pakistanis. Sometimes for cash payments of thousands of dollars. B1VOU @VV 6MĂ&#x201E;JL VM 3LNHS *V\UZLS D @V\ RUV^ [OL 4PSP[HY` PZ UV[ PU[LYLZ[LK PU ZWLUKPUN ^OH[L]LY P[ PZ Âˇ H `LHY Âˇ KL[HPUPUN WLVWSL ^OV HYL UV[ TLTILYZ VM HS 8HLKH in Guantanamo Bay. It has as much interest as everyone else does in making sure that people who are detained are actually members of al Qaeda, rather than wasting resources and time detaining innocent people. [Tom Wilner, Lawyer For 11 Kuwaitis in Guantanamo] I think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural in times of war to pick up people. You want to pick up anyone you suspect of being dangerous. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s different here PZ [OH[ [OL .V]LYUTLU[ MVY [OL Ă&#x201E;YZ[ [PTL PU V\Y OPZ[VY` KPKUÂť[ follow its own regulations, which require that a hearing be held, promptly after capture, if there is any doubt.

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[Major Dan Mori, Military Defense Law for Guantanamo detainee David Hicks] In the war in Afghanistan, back in 2001, the U.S. Military was prepared to follow the Geneva Conventions and conduct those tribunals.

Major Dan Mori, Military Defense Law for Guantanamo detainee David Hicks Unfortunately, the civilian leadership within the Department of Defense, told them to stop. Once somebody in Afghanistan might have said, ¸6RH` [OPZ WLYZVU»Z H OPNO ]HS\L [HYNL[ ¹ for whatever reason. Whether it was based on some other Afghani who hated that person and wanted him out so he could take over his opium crop. Then that began the road to GTMO. And there was no way for that person to challenge it. And there still hasn’t been. [Narrator] Moazzam Begg, a British subject suspected of ties to al Qaeda operatives, was picked up by local intelligence agents in Pakistan. [Moazzam Begg, Detained at Bagram and Guantanamo] I was in my house in Islamabad at the time that I was abducted. A hood was placed over my head. My hands and legs were shackled. And I was physically carried into the back of the vehicle. I didn’t see my family again after that point. I was sent to Kandahar, and then to Bagram. And when I was put onto the transport plane to Guantanamo. I’d already been covered from almost head to toe in some sort of a covering: Face mask, ear muffs, blackened goggles. And then, just in case I could see anything, a hood to cover it with. Being seated in the aircraft was excruciatingly painful. They’d already used now the three-piece suit, and that is the shackle that goes around the waist and is padlocked to the back. It was impossible to move. Impossible to breathe properly. Impossible to hear anything. And so I managed to scream and plead with one of the guards to get me a needle to put me to sleep. [Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] We fought for 2-1/2 years for just the right to go see the prisoners, and then fought for months more

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to get security clearance so the Military would let you in there. I mean, this is bizarre! It never occurred to me that when I went to law school in America, that we’d be sitting around talking about whether we could have access to our clients. And whether our clients had been tortured! OHILHZ JVYW\Z

[Tom Wilner, Lawyer For 11 Kuwaitis in Guantanamo] Habeas corpus is really the essence of the rule of law. Not giving people a basic hearing when you take away their liberty is one of the reasons we fought the revolution. That the King can’t deprive somebody of liberty without a hearing! 4. The military commission at issue lacks the power to proceed because its structure and procedures violate both the UCMJ and the four Geneva Conventions signed in 1949. Pp. 4972. (a)

The commission’s procedures, set forth in Commission Order No. 1, provide, among other things, that an accused and his civilian counsel may be excluded from, and precluded from ever learning what evidence was WYLZLU[LK K\YPUN HU` WHY[ VM [OL WYVJLLKPUN [OL VMÄJPHS ^OV HWWVPU[LK [OL JVTTPZZPVU VY [OL WYLZPKPUN VMÄJLY decides to ¸JSVZL ¹ Grounds for closure include the WYV[LJ[PVU VM JSHZZPÄLK PUMVYTH[PVU [OL WO`ZPJHS ZHML[` VM participants and witnesses, the protection of intelligence and law enforcement sources, methods, or activities, and ¸V[OLY UH[PVUHS ZLJ\YP[` PU[LYLZ[Z ¹ Appointed military defense counsel must be privy to these closed sessions, I\[ TH` H[ [OL WYLZPKPUN VMÄJLY»Z KPZJYL[PVU IL MVYIPKKLU to reveal to the client what took place therein. Another striking feature is that the rules governing Hamdan’s commission permit the admission of any evidence that, PU [OL WYLZPKPUN VMÄJLY»Z VWPUPVU ^V\SK OH]L WYVIH[P]L value to a reasonable person. Moreover, the accused and OPZ JP]PSPHU JV\UZLS TH` IL KLUPLK HJJLZZ [V JSHZZPÄLK HUK other ¸WYV[LJ[LK PUMVYTH[PVU ¹ so long as the presiding VMÄJLY JVUJS\KLZ [OH[ [OL L]PKLUJL PZ ¸WYVIH[P]L¹ and that its admission without the accused’s knowledge would not result in the denial of a full and fair trial. Pp. 4952.

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(b)

(c)

The Government objects to this Courtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consideration of a procedural challenge at this stage on the grounds, inter alia, that Hamdan will be able to raise such a JOHSSLUNL MVSSV^PUN H Ă&#x201E;UHS KLJPZPVU \UKLY [OL +;( and that there is no basis to presume, before the trial has even commenced, that it will not be conducted in good faith and according to law. These contentions are unsound. First, because Hamdan apparently is not subject to the death penalty (at least as matters now stand) and may receive a prison sentence shorter than 10 years, he has no automatic right to federal-court review of the commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Â¸Ă&#x201E;UHS KLJPZPVUÂš under DTA Â§1005(e)(3). Second, there is a basis to presume that the procedures employed during Hamdanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trial will violate the law: He will be, and indeed already has been, excluded from his own trial. Thus, review of the procedures in advance of a Â¸Ă&#x201E;UHS KLJPZPVUÂš is appropriate. Pp. 5253. Because UCMJ Article 36 has not been complied with OLYL [OL Y\SLZ ZWLJPĂ&#x201E;LK MVY /HTKHUÂťZ JVTTPZZPVU [YPHS HYL illegal. The procedures governing such trials historically have been the same as those governing courts-martial. (S[OV\NO [OPZ \UPMVYTP[` WYPUJPWSL PZ UV[ PUĂ&#x2026;L_PISL HUK does not preclude all departures from courts-martial procedures, any such departure must be tailored to the exigency that necessitates it. That understanding is YLĂ&#x2026;LJ[LK PU (Y[ I ^OPJO WYV]PKLZ [OH[ [OL WYVJLK\YHS rules the President promulgates for courts-martial and military commissions alike must be Â¸\UPMVYT PUZVMHY HZ WYHJ[PJHISL Âš 10 U. S. C. Â§836(b). The â&#x20AC;&#x153;practicabilityâ&#x20AC;? KL[LYTPUH[PVU [OL 7YLZPKLU[ OHZ THKL PZ PUZ\MĂ&#x201E;JPLU[ [V justify variances from the procedures governing courtsmartial. The President here has determined, pursuant to the requirement of Art. 36(a), that it is impracticable to apply the rules and principles of law that govern Â¸[OL [YPHS VM JYPTPUHS JHZLZ PU [OL <UP[LK :[H[LZ KPZ[YPJ[ JV\Y[ZÂš to Hamdanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commission. The President has not, however, THKL H ZPTPSHY VMĂ&#x201E;JPHS KL[LYTPUH[PVU [OH[ P[ PZ PTWYHJ[PJHISL to apply the rules for courts-martial. And even if subsection I ÂťZ YLX\PYLTLU[Z JV\SK IL ZH[PZĂ&#x201E;LK ^P[OV\[ HU VMĂ&#x201E;JPHS practicability determination, that subsectionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements

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HYL UV[ ZH[PZĂ&#x201E;LK OLYL 5V[OPUN PU [OL YLJVYK KLTVUZ[YH[LZ that it would be impracticable to apply court-martial rules here. There is no suggestion, e.g., of any logistical KPMĂ&#x201E;J\S[` PU ZLJ\YPUN WYVWLYS` Z^VYU HUK H\[OLU[PJH[LK evidence or in applying the usual principles of relevance and admissibility. It is not evident why the danger posed by international terrorism, considerable though it is, should require, in the case of Hamdanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trial, any variance from the courts-martial rules. The absence of any showing of impracticability is particularly disturbing when considered in light of the clear and admitted failure to apply one of the most fundamental protections afforded not just by the Manual for Courts-Martial but also by the UCMJ itself: The right to be present. See 10 U. S. C. A. Â§839(c). Because the jettisoning of so basic a right cannot lightly be excused as Â¸WYHJ[PJHISL Âš the courts-martial rules must apply. Since it is undisputed that Commission Order No. 1 deviates in THU` ZPNUPĂ&#x201E;JHU[ YLZWLJ[Z MYVT [OVZL Y\SLZ P[ ULJLZZHYPS` ]PVSH[LZ (Y[ I 7W Âˇ /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK, decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006 .\HU[HUHTV )H` *\IH

B5HYYH[VYD 0U `LHYZ HM[LY [OL Ă&#x201E;YZ[ KL[HPULLZ OHK arrived in Guantanamo, the Supreme Court rejected the Bush (KTPUPZ[YH[PVUÂťZ JSHPTZ [OH[ P[ JV\SK OVSK KL[HPULLZ PUKLĂ&#x201E;UP[LS` without allowing them to challenge their detention in the courts. After the decision, the Military installed special new tribunals to judge whether detainees should remain in Guantanamo.

[Tom Wilner, Lawyer For 11 Kuwaitis in Guantanamo] The Combatant Status Review Tribunals, which the Government hurriedly put in place nine days after we won before the Supreme Court, are a joke!

*VTIH[HU[ :[H[\Z 9L]PL^ ;YPI\UHS /LHYPUN 9VVT

[Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] You have no rights! You have no right to a lawyer. You have no meaningful right to witnesses. You donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t

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really know what the charges are and you certainly don’t know what the secret evidence is against you. B9LHY (KT 1HTLZ 4J.HYYHO 6MÄJL VM (KTPUPZ[YH[P]L 9L]PL^ for Detained Enemy Combatants] They may not ever know! But that doesn’t eliminate the opportunity they have to make a case for why, if they were returned in the future, why they would not continue to pose a threat. The Government has not charged Hamdan with an ¸VMMLUZL ¯ [OH[ I` [OL SH^ VM ^HY TH` IL [YPLK I` TPSP[HY` JVTTPZZPVU ¹ 10 U. S. C. §821. Of the three sorts of military commissions used historically, the law-of-war type used in Quirin and other cases is the only model available to try Hamdan. Among the preconditions, incorporated in Article of War 15 and, later, UCMJ Art. 21, for such a tribunal’s exercise of jurisdiction are, inter alia, that it must be limited to trying offenses committed within the JVU]LUPUN JVTTHUKLY»Z ÄLSK VM JVTTHUK P L ^P[OPU [OL [OLH[LY of war, and that the offense charged must have been committed during, not before or after, the war. Here, Hamdan is not alleged to have committed any overt act in a theater of war or on any ZWLJPÄLK KH[L HM[LY :LW[LTILY 4VYL PTWVY[HU[S` [OL offense alleged is not triable by law-of-war military commission. Although the common law of war may render triable by military JVTTPZZPVU JLY[HPU VMMLUZLZ UV[ KLÄULK I` Z[H[\[L 8\PYPU 317 U. S., at 30, the precedent for doing so with respect to a particular offense must be plain and unambiguous, cf., e.g., Loving v. United States, 517 U. S. 748 . That burden is far from ZH[PZÄLK OLYL ;OL JYPTL VM ¸JVUZWPYHJ`¹ has rarely if ever been tried as such in this country by any law-of-war military commission not exercising some other form of jurisdiction, and does not appear in either the Geneva Conventions or the Hague Conventions the major treaties on the law of war. Moreover, that conspiracy is not a recognized violation of the law of war PZ JVUÄYTLK I` V[OLY PU[LYUH[PVUHS ZV\YJLZ PUJS\KPUN L N [OL International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, which pointedly refused to recognize conspiracy to commit war crimes as such a violation. Because the conspiracy charge does not support the commission’s jurisdiction, the commission lacks authority to try /HTKHU · /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK, decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006

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[Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] Many of my clients are found not guilty at the CSRT Tribunals. And then the Military thinks that doesn’t sound so good. They were being called “Not Enemy Combatants, NEC, but now they are NLEC, which means “No 3VUNLY ,ULT` *VTIH[HU[Z ¹ because we want to say they were guilty to begin with, but now they’ve had a change of heart so [OL`»YL UV[ N\PS[` HU`TVYL )\[ ^L ^LYL YPNO[ PU [OL ÄYZ[ WSHJL [Brigadier General Jay Hood, Commander Joint Task Force, Guantanamo 2004-2006] These men aren’t necessarily innocent men. That’s not an accurate characterization. You’re more accurate in their long title: ¸5V SVUNLY PKLU[PÄLK HZ HU LULT` JVTIH[HU[ ¹ They are being held separate from the remainder VM [OL KL[HPULLZ \U[PS [OL <UP[LK :[H[LZ .V]LYUTLU[ JHU ÄUK H country they can be returned to. [Military PR guy] Some of these guys were policed off the IH[[SL ÄLSK (UK PM [OL` ^LYLU»[ OLYL [OL`»K WYVIHIS` IL VU [OL IH[[SLÄLSK RPSSPUN (TLYPJHU ZVSKPLYZ ;OL` HYL OLYL MVY H YLHZVU And it’s our job to insure that they stay here until such time as it’s ¸KLLTLK¹ that they don’t need to be here any longer. [Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] Guantanamo is hiding the fact that the YLHSS` IHK K\KLZ · (PTHU (S HUK VM JV\YZL 6ZHTH IPU 3HKLU · OH]L UL]LY ILLU JHW[\YLK :V `V\ OH]L .\HU[HUHTV )H` HZ ¸/LYL HYL YLHSS` L]PS N\`Z¹ as a PR stunt, effectively. To say, ¸3VVR ^L»YL YLHSS` HJOPL]PUN ZVTL[OPUN PU [OL ^HY VU [LYYVY ¹ ¸05 7(9;5,9:/07 -69 ,?*,33,5*,¹ THE GTMO PRESS TOUR

[PR Guy] And that is the main entrance to Camp X-Ray. It would IL L_[YLTLS` KPMÄJ\S[ MVY HU`IVK` [V THRL HU LZJHWL V\[ VM OLYL Each one is 8 x 8 x 8. *(47 ? 9(@ ()(5+65,+ (7903

One individual per cell. If you remember the individuals in the orange jumpsuits, there’s like three or four kneeling facing that

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way, and three or four kneeling facing that way. If you take a shot from right here, you’ll have the same image. And no detainee has ever died at GTMO from anything.

* SINCE THIS INTERVIEW, FOUR GUANTANAMO DETAINEES HAVE COMMITTED SUICIDE

And I think the doctors gave you an update: We’ve performed well over 100 surgeries. So one good thing for them being here PZ [OL` HYL X\P[L OLHS[O` HUK NL[[PUN HU`[OPUN Ä_LK [OL` ULLK NL[[PUN Ä_LK [PR Girl] We’ve introduced some new sports-type activities here in Camp 4. We’ve recently built this half-basketball court. And off to the left of that, you will see a soccer court. It is a privilege to live in Camp 4. They are compliant with the camp rules in order to live here. And we have introduced things like cake on Wednesday nights. Pepsi on Monday nights. Ice cream on Sunday nights. Let’s go in and take a look at the Bed.

[Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] On the bed, they have the so-called ¸*0»Z¹ or ¸JVTMVY[ P[LTZ ¹ like a toothbrush! But also included is a game of Checkers. And I did ask them, ¸>OV PZ T` WHY[ULY [V WSH` *OLJRLYZ ^P[O&¹ /L»Z PU ZVSP[HY` JVUÄULTLU[ I` OPTZLSM

NO PHOTOGRAPHY [Narrator] What’s the problem with the press photographing them? Talking with them? Observing them?

>(9505. 9,:;90*;,+ (9,( 2,,7 6<; (<;/690A,+ 7,9:655,3 653@ 56 7/6;6: [Brigadier General Jay Hood, Commander Joint Task Force, Guantanamo 2004-2006] The desire to not provide a platform to have the men we’re holding espouse vile, Islamic rhetoric. A violent, vile, Islamic rhetoric!

GUANTANAMO BAY GIFT SHOP (Displaying violent vile Illuminati rhetoric, including Skull & Bones, Dragon, & Maltese Cross)

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:2<33 )65,: +056:(<9 MALTESE CROSS

(4,90*(»: -05,:; CUBAN ROCK IGUANA BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION INSTRUCTOR

[PR Guy] This is a tactic of al Qaeda: hunger strike to elicit media attention, and to bring pressure on the United States .V]LYUTLU[ >OLU [OLZL U\TILYZ NV \W ZPNUPÄJHU[S` `V\ N\`Z start talking about it. You guys start asking about it. 15

+,;(05,,: >,9, 65 /<5.,9 :;902, +<905. 6<9 TOUR So they understand that. 20

[PR Guy] Camp 5 is a 100-bed, maximum security segregation interrogation facility.

[Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] If they’re held in Camp 5, an average day is always the same. Which is you’re held 24 hours in solitary JVUÄULTLU[ [Moazzam Begg, 20 months in isolation, Guantanamo] Here in the cell, it was 8’ x 6’, and I couldn’t physically take 3 steps in any direction. I certainly believed that I was going to spend the greater part of my life, and perhaps even face execution, which was what I was told quite often. [Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] What’s particularly pernicious in Guantanamo Bay is there is no sense of when it’s going to end, or if it’s going to end. And the reason that prisoners go on hunger strike, for example, and may starve themselves to death, is, in the words of Omar Deghayes, ¸0»T K`PUN ZSV^S` OLYL PU .\HU[HUHTV HZ P[ PZ :V 0 TH` HZ ^LSS [HRL T` SPML PU[V T` V^U OHUKZ ¹

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TOUR INTERROGATION ROOM

[Brigadier General Jay Hood, Commander Joint Task Force, Guantanamo 2004-2006] I have no intention of holding somebody here any longer than he is a threat to our country or that he has intelligence or information that could be valuable to us in the global war on terror.

TOUR CELL 10

We continue to collect information of value from the men we’re holding today. [Moazzam Begg, 20 months in isolation, Guantanamo] One of the reasons why I was held in isolation was to do with this issue of witnessing these deaths in Bagram. And they asked me which soldiers had been involved, and where they were at the time. And so they brought in photographs of the people from the unit. And I pointed out who I believed was involved. They HZRLK TL · VUL VM [OL Z[YHUNLZ[ YLX\LZ[Z 0»]L L]LY OHK K\YPUN [OL [PTL 0 ^HZ PU PUJHYJLYH[PVU · HUK [OH[ ^HZ ¸>V\SK 0 IL ^PSSPUN [V Z[HUK \W HZ H ^P[ULZZ MVY [OL WYVZLJ\[PVU PU H [YPHS HNHPUZ[ [OLZL ZVSKPLYZ&¹ And I thought, ¸/V^ PYVUPJ [OPZ PZ ¹ You know. ¸0Z [OPZ [OL VUS` JV\Y[ [OH[ 0»T NVPUN [V NL[ [V ZLL HM[LY HSS [OLZL `LHYZ PU PUJHYJLYH[PVU&¹

THE RULE OF LAW [Narrator] The cruel ironies of the Dilawar story echoed an ongoing debate in the halls of Congress about detainee abuse, national security, and the rule of law. For one senator, John McCain, a former prisoner of war, the matter of detainee abuse was both political and personal. [John McCain, North Vietnam, 1968] I would just like to tell my wife I’m going to get well, I love her, and I hope to see her soon. And I’d appreciate it if you’d tell her that. That’s all.

3; *4+9 16/5 4J*(05 40

[Jack Cloonan, FBI Special Agent 1977-2002] If this man, HM[LY VY `LHYZ VM [VY[\YL ZH`Z [OH[ P[»Z UV[ LMÄJPLU[ P[»Z

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inhumane, and it breeds contempt for the United States, he can stand up and be a moral voice on this issue. B:LUH[VY 1VOU 4J*HPUD >L ZLU[ [OLT [V ÄNO[ MVY \Z PU (MNOHUPZ[HU and Iraq. We placed extraordinary pressure on them to extract intelligence from detainees. But then we threw out the rules that our soldiers had trained on, and replaced them with a confusing and constantly changing array of standards. And when things went wrong, we blamed them. And we punished them. I believe we have to do better than that. I strongly urge you to do justice to your men and women in uniform. Give them clear standards VM JVUK\J[ [OH[ YLÅLJ[ [OL PKLHSZ [OL` YPZR [OLPY SP]LZ MVY [Narrator] On October 5, 2005, as increasing numbers of detainee abuse cases came to trial. Senator John McCain proposed the Detainee Treatment Act. The bill sought a total U.S. ban on torture. As well as cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. And it sparked a national debate. One in which the Devil was in the details.

[Senator John McCain] Is it still permissible to use a wet towel and dripping water to induce the misperception of suffocation?

[Lt. General Randall M. Schmidt, Author of ¸:JOTPK[ 9LWVY[¹] The use of the wet towel, dripping water to induce the misperception of suffocation was one of the techniques requested by the JTF in their laundry list given up. It was never approved. It has never been a technique approved. [Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] One of the techniques that made the transition from the regime VM [OL WO`ZPJHS [V [OL WZ`JOVSVNPJHS · PU MHJ[ [OL VUS` VUL · ^HZ ^H[LYIVHYKPUN )LJH\ZL PU [OL TLKPL]HS LYH \UKLY the Inquisition, it was done because of its horrible, physical aspects. It was done to purge and punish the heretic. You force water down the throat of the victim. The victim thinks that he’s drowning. It’s horrible. Your body tells you that you’re dying. CIA AGENTS ARRIVE AT BAGRAM

Right after 9/11, the CIA got approval from the White House for waterboarding.

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[Narrator] An early test case involved the interrogation of Ibn Sheikh al Libi, a man suspected of being the Emir of an al Qaeda training camp. Initially, the FBI was in charge of his interrogation. But the Administration was impatient with the slow results of the FBI’s law enforcement techniques. So they turned al Libi over to the CIA. [Jack Cloonan, FBI Special Agent 1977-2002] He is secured. He was either duct-taped or hooded. And he was going to be W\[ PU[V H IV_ · H WS`^VVK IV_ MVY OPZ V^U WYV[LJ[PVU BTHRLZ KPZILSPLM ZV\UKD · MVY [YHUZMLY [V [OL HPYWVY[ [Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] They throw him on an aircraft, and they rendered him through extraordinary rendition, to Egypt. They later subjected him to two weeks of brutal torture, involving all of these techniques, including waterboarding. And they got information from al Libi stating that Saddam Hussein’s regime had trained al Qaeda in chemical and biological warfare.

[Scott Horton, Attorney] One of the things we know about torture is that someone who is tortured will tell his interrogator what he thinks the interrogator wants to hear. 2OTLY 9V\NL >H[LYIVHYKPUN :SHI [Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former Chief of Staff to Colin Powell] The moment al Libi was waterboarded, he started blurting things out. Well, rather than questioning what he was saying, and going into it in detail to see if what he was saying could be corroborated, they immediately stopped and ran off to report ^OH[ HS 3PIP OHK ZHPK (UK LUKLK [OL [VY[\YL (UK IHUN · P[ NL[Z \W [V [OL OPNOLZ[ KLJPZPVU THRLYZ · HUK HSS VM H Z\KKLU *VSPU Powell is told, “Hey, you don’t have to worry about your doubts HU`TVYL ILJH\ZL ^L»]L Q\Z[ NV[[LU JVUÄYTH[PVU [OH[ [OLYL ^LYL contacts between al Qaeda and Baghdad.

[Narrator] In February, 2003, then Secretary of State Colin Powell went before the United Nations to make the case for the war in Iraq. 40

[Colin Powell, Secretary of State] I can trace the story of a senior terrorist operative telling how Iraq provided training in these

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weapons to al Qaeda. Fortunately, this operative is now detained, and he has told his story. [Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] A year later, the CIA branded al Libi a fabricator, and rescinded all of the intelligence reports with that information in it. So, in other words, you will get information, but you’ll get false information. [Scott Horton, Attorney] I think Colin Powell said that was the most embarrassing day of his entire life. [Rear Admiral John Hutson (ret) Judge Advocate General] All the experts say that torturing people is not the best way to get information. Breaking down the barriers between you and them, NHPUPUN [OLPY JVUÄKLUJL PZ [OL ILZ[ ^H` [V NL[ P[ 0[ [HRLZ ZVTL experience. It takes some talent. It takes some patience. And then they might actually tell you something that is worthwhile. And then if you want to prosecute them and execute them, go ahead. [Jack Cloonan, Counterterrorism Task Force] If you want to be able to build a rapport with somebody, you are their salvation, because their life as they know it is over. 1HJR *SVVUHU *V\U[LY[LYYVYPZT ;HZR -VYJL

¸0Z [OLYL ZVTL[OPUN 0 JHU KV MVY `V\Y RPKZ& @V\ JVUJLYULK HIV\[ [OLT& +V `V\ ^HU[ [OLT LK\JH[LK& 0»SS NL[ [OLT LK\JH[LK >OH[ KV `V\ ^HU[& ;LSS TL ^OH[ `V\ ^HU[ :JYPW[ MVY TL `V\Y L_P[ Z[YH[LN` ¹ ¸/V^ KV `V\ L_[YPJH[L `V\YZLSM MYVT [OPZ [LYYPISL ZP[\H[PVU [OH[ I` [OL ^H` `V\ W\[ `V\YZLSM PU&¹ ¸5V^ `V\ JHU»[ NV IHJR OVTL JHU `V\& 5V :V SL[»Z THRL WLHJL ^P[O [OH[ 3L[ TL OLSW `V\ ÄUK [OL Z[YH[LN` [V NP]L `V\ H SPML ¹ And that’s the way it worked! The amount of information that they were able to provide us, pre-9/11, to me it was extremely valuable. Who else was going to tell us about how you joined al Qaeda? What did buy-out mean? How did they communicate? Did they use Emaar-set satellite phones. Did Bin Laden use a body double? So when we got all that information, we were able to do certain operations. Cumbersome though it may be, it still to me was the way to do it. And we don’t have to apologize to anybody. We don’t know what revenge is coming down the road. And if I wanted to incite the faithful, I’d just take that one picture with

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the dog collar on, and just point to that. And look at the young brothers and say, ¸@V\»YL K\[` IV\UK UV^ [V NL[ YL]LUNL ¹

THE TICKING TIME BOMB 5

[Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] The advocates of torture generally focus on the hypothetical. They have this ticking bomb scenario they talk about ... [Clive Stafford Smith, lawyer for Guantanamo detainees] which is, imagine that there’s a ticking time bomb in Times Square. I’s about to go off. We’ve got the guy in custody. He says he wants a lawyer. Do we respect his right to a lawyer? Or to save a million lives do we apply the electrodes to his testicles?

[Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] 24, week after week, has on-camera displays of brutal torture ... B2PLMLY :\[OLYSHUKD 1\Z[ [LSS TL ^OH[ `V\Y JVUULJ[PVU ^P[O [OL [LYYVYPZ[Z PZ&

designed to stop some terrorist with a ticking bomb from killing hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of Americans. [Superior] You’re talking about torturing this man?

[Kiefer Sutherland] I’m talking about doing what is necessary to stop this warhead from being used against us. [Clive Stafford Smith, Lawyer for Guantanamo detainees, including Moazzam Begg] It’s just nonsense, though! Because then you ask, ¸/L` UHTL TL VUL [PTL PU [OL SHZ[ `LHYZ ^OLU ^L»]L OHK ZVTLVUL PU J\Z[VK` ^P[O H [PJRPUN [PTL IVTI&”

[Jack Cloonan, Counterterrorism Task Force] The likelihood of that ever happening is soooo remote. Even if you’re in that situation, who is to say if you beat ‘em up, that you’re going to get that information? If a guy is that committed, I think he’ll die before he gives it up.

[Professor Alfred McCoy, author A Question of Torture] Right after the release of the Abu Ghraib photos in mid-2004, 35% of

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Americans polled believed that torture was acceptable under some circumstances. 4\YKLYLK KL[HPULL (I\ .OYHPI

Even after the Abu Ghraib photographs. And I think that shows the way that this kind of popular culture has built a constituency for torture, which allows the Bush White House to get away with the way it twists laws and treaties, and doesn’t spark popular outrage. [Narrator] On a conservative radio show, Vice-President Dick Cheney openly defended the practice of waterboarding.

[Scott Hennen, WDAY North Dakota] Would you agree, a dunk in water is a no-brainer if it can save lives? [Dick Cheney, Vice President] Well, um, it’s a no-brainer for me, but for a while there I was criticized as being the Vice President for torture. [¸7YLZPKLU[¹ George W. Bush] We do not condone torture!

[Scott Horton, Attorney] ¸>L KV UV[ [VY[\YL¹ Footnote: ¸(Z ^L KLÄUL [VY[\YL >OPJO TLHUZ L_HJ[S` ^OH[ ^L ^PZO P[ [V TLHU HUK UV[OPUN LSZL ¹

[Narrator] In the elections of 2006, the Bush Administration openly campaigned for harsh techniques the rest of the world KLÄULK HZ [VY[\YL )\ZO HUK *OLUL` WSH`LK VU [OL MLHYZ VM ]V[LYZ and politicians. If Congress didn’t give them the power to do whatever was necessary, how could Americans be safe?

[¸7YLZPKLU[¹ George W. Bush] In addition to the terrorists held at Guantanamo, a small number of suspected terrorist leaders and operatives captured during the war have been held and questioned outside the United States in a separate program operated by the Central Intelligence Agency. Some ask, “Why `V\ HYL HJRUV^SLKNPUN [OPZ WYVNYHT UV^&¹

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;/, *0( 796.9(4 05*3<+,:!

WATERBOARDING FORCED NUDITY

-69*,+ :;(5+05. <7 ;6 /6<9: Some believe our Military and Intelligence personnel involved in capturing and questioning terrorists could now be at risk of prosecution under the War Crimes Act! Simply for doing their jobs in a thorough and professional way! This is unacceptable! [Narrator] The President was forced to disclose his secret CIA program when the Supreme Court acted to limit his wartime powers. In the historic Hamdan decision, the Court ruled that interrogations and trials of terrorists would be governed by the Geneva Conventions. [â&#x20AC;&#x153;Presidentâ&#x20AC;? George W. Bush] This debate is occurring because of the Supreme Courtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ruling that said we must conduct ourselves under the Common Article III of the Geneva Convention. And that Common Article III says that there will be no outrages upon O\THU KPNUP[` 0[ÂťZ H P[ÂťZ H P[ÂťZ H SPRL Âˇ P[ÂťZ ]LY` ]HN\L >OH[ does that mean? [Senator Carl Levin, Senate Armed Services Committee] Do you believe that the use of testimony which is obtained through techniques such as waterboarding, stress positions, intimidating use of military dogs, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, forced nudity would be consistent with Common Article III?

[Alberto Gonzales, Attorney General] Well, sir, I think that most importantly, I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t imagine that such testimony would be reliable. 35

[Senator John McCain] Mr. Attorney General, do you believe that statements obtained through illegal, inhumane treatment should be admissible? B(SILY[V .VUaHSLZ ([[VYUL` .LULYHSD :LUH[VY ^LSS HNHPU Âˇ 0ÂťSS 40 say this: the concern I would have about such a prohibition is, Â¸>OH[ KVLZ P[ TLHU&Âš Â¸/V^ KV `V\ KLĂ&#x201E;UL P[&Âš

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B5HYYH[VYD (UK >/6 ^V\SK KLÄUL P[& ;OL )\ZO (KTPUPZ[YH[PVU introduced a new law that would elude the restrictions of the Supreme Court.

[Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former Chief of Staff to Colin Powell] In a legal sense, I think they wanted to discard the Constitution. And they wanted to write a new one. But you can’t do that. So what you do is you throw a new interpretation on the old one. And the new interpretation is the Executive in ^HY[PTL · HUK WLYOHWZ [OPZ ^HY PZ NVPUN [V SHZ[ MVYL]LY · PZ HSS powerful.

Contrary to the Government’s assertion, even 8\PYPU did not view that authorization as a sweeping mandate for the President to invoke military commissions whenever he deems them necessary. Rather, Quirin recognized that Congress had simply preserved what power, under the Constitution and the common law of war, the President already had to convene military commissions with the express condition that he and those under his command comply with the law of war. See 317 U. S., at 2829. Neither the AUMF nor the DTA can be read to provide ZWLJPÄJ V]LYYPKPUN H\[OVYPaH[PVU MVY [OL JVTTPZZPVU JVU]LULK to try Hamdan. Assuming the AUMF activated the President’s war powers, see Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U. S. 507, and that those powers include authority to convene military commissions in appropriate circumstances, see, e.g., id., at 518, there is nothing in the AUMF’s text or legislative history even hinting that Congress intended to expand or alter the authorization set forth in UCMJ Art. 21. Cf. Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall. 85, 105. Likewise, the DTA cannot be read to authorize this commission. Although the DTA, unlike either Art. 21 or the AUMF, was enacted after the President convened Hamdan’s commission, it contains no language authorizing that tribunal or any other at Guantanamo Bay. Together, the UCMJ, the AUMF, and the DTA at most acknowledge a general Presidential authority to convene TPSP[HY` JVTTPZZPVUZ PU JPYJ\TZ[HUJLZ ^OLYL Q\Z[PÄLK \UKLY [OL Constitution and laws, including the law of war. Absent a more ZWLJPÄJ JVUNYLZZPVUHS H\[OVYPaH[PVU [OPZ *V\Y[»Z [HZR PZ HZ P[ was in Quirin, to decide whether Hamdan’s military commission PZ ZV Q\Z[PÄLK · /HTKHU ] 9\TZMLSK, decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 29, 2006

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[Narrator] Congress gave the President most of what he wanted. He would agree to abide by the Geneva Conventions so long as /, JV\SK KLÄUL [OLPY TLHUPUN HUK HWWSPJH[PVU ( ML^ KL[HPULLZ at Guantanamo might be put on trial. But the rest would no longer have access to habeas corpus: the fundamental legal right to challenge their detention. Planning a run for President, even Senator McCain voted for the bill soon after the Bush Administration threatened to discredit him with Conservative voters.

B;OL *HMMLY[` -PSL · 0TT\UP[` MYVT >HY *YPTLZ&D )\YPLK KLLW inside this legislation is a provision that will pardon President Bush and all the members of his Administration of any possible crimes connected to the torture and mistreatment of detainees dated all the way back to September 11, 2001. At least President Nixon had Gerald Ford to do his dirty work. President Bush is trying to pardon himself.

[Narrator] The pardon did not extend to frontline soldiers. 20

[Pfc. Willie Brand, Convicted: Assault, Maiming, Maltreatment] The trial was a very confusing time for me, because I’ve never been through a trial before. I didn’t know what was really going on. I kind of just understood that, you know, I was facing a lot of time in jail. That’s the only thing I really understood about the whole thing.

7MJ >PSSPL )YHUK *VU]PJ[LK! (ZZH\S[ 4HPTPUN 4HS[YLH[TLU[ [Sgt. Anthony Morden, Pled Guilty to: Assault, Dereliction of Duty] Well, I was sent to jail, to a Military Correctional facility. I’ve lost my full-time job. I have a bad-conduct discharge which OHZ OPUKLYLK TL PU NL[[PUN H UL^ QVI PU [OL ZHTL ÄLSK 0 · ÄUHUJPHSS` P[»Z Q\Z[ KL]HZ[H[LK TL

[Pfc. Damien Corsetti, Acquitted: Assault, Maltreatment, Dereliction of Duty, Use of Hashish, Performing an Indecent Act] I’m just glad it’s over. That’s it. Glad I can get on with my life. 40

7MJ +HTPLU *VYZL[[P (JX\P[[LK! (ZZH\S[ 4HS[YLH[TLU[ +LYLSPJ[PVU VM +\[` <ZL VM /HZOPZO 7LYMVYTPUN HU 0UKLJLU[ (J[

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[Spc. Glendale Walls, Pled Guilty to: Assault, Dereliction of Duty] I had to plead guilty to assault, and two counts of dereliction of duty. In exchange, they would say that I could go to jail for no more than four months.

[John Galligan, Willie Brand’s Attorney, Former U.S. Army Judge] Rather than spend the money that was being spent for that trial, I think it could have been better spent in working on Army doctrine to make sure that other people go into battle properly equipped, properly led, and with a full understanding as to what their new roles and responsibilities are. [William Cassara, Damien Corsetti’s Attorney] When a detainee is abused, or a detainee claims abuse, they want somebody to take the fall for it. And it’s not going to be the person with eagles or stars on their shoulder. B5HYYH[VYD 5V VMÄJLY ^HZ L]LY JVU]PJ[LK PU [OL +PSH^HY JHZL Following her service at Abu Ghraib, Capt. Carolyn Wood was given a staff position at the Army Interrogation School in Fort Huachuca, Arizona. B:JV[[ /VY[VU ([[VYUL`D >OH[ KVLZ [OH[ YLÅLJ[ PU [LYTZ VM Senior Leadership’s intentions? Not to eradicate the abuse, but to perpetuate the abuse. [Alberto Mora, former Navy General Counsel] I think the probabilities exist that there will be other terrorist attacks. That more Americans will die. And the argument that we have to apply abuse to detainees in order to protect American lives, I ÄUK [V IL ]PVSH[P]L VM V\Y KLLWLZ[ ]HS\LZ HUK [V [OL ]LY` ZHML[` VM V\Y JV\U[Y` >L ÄNO[ UV[ VUS` [V WYV[LJ[ SP]LZ >L ÄNO[ [V protect our principles.

[Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former Chief of Staff to Colin Powell] If you say, over the course of Afghanistan, GTMO and Iraq, we’ve detained 50,000 people, I’d say that less than 1% were terrorists. 40

HZ VM :LW[ [OL U\TILY KL[HPULK YLHJOLK V]LY UVUL OH]L ILLU IYV\NO[ [V [YPHS

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Were some of them insurgents? Probably. Were almost all of them in Iraq, in particular, going to become insurgents after their treatment? Yes.

[Moazzam Begg, Detained at Bagram and Guantanamo] I was kidnapped, abducted, forced into prison, tortured, and threatened with further torture, without charge. Without trial.

Moazzam Begg, Released due to Pressure from British Government

Even many soldiers had said to me afterward, ¸>HZU»[ P[ OLSS ^OLU `V\ ^LYLU»[ H [LYYVYPZ[ ^OLU `V\ JHTL PU OLYL I` [OL [PTL `V\ SLH]L 0»T Z\YL `V\ ^V\SK IL ILJH\ZL VM [OL ^H` `V\»]L ILLU [YLH[LK ¹

[Jack Cloonan, Counterterrorism Task Force] I think there’s a certain level of prejudice that this religion, and the people who have hijacked it, have such a disregard for life, that we turn around and say, ¸0M [OL` [OPUR ZV ]LY` SP[[SL VM SPML · HUK JSLHYS` L_LTWSPÄLK [OH[ · ZJYL^ [OLT ¹ Anything goes.” [Afghani Man] We in the village come to Dilawar’s grave to pray for his departed soul. I pray for him and the others in the cemetery.

.YH]L 4HYRLY! +PSH^HY [OL THY[`Y @HR\IP ]PSSHNL [Shahpoor, Dilawar’s brother] What should I say to the Americans? My brother was innocent. He was barely more than a child and they killed him. Since he died, I cannot taste my tea. I cannot taste my food. I cannot taste anything. Imagine you leave here and someone along the road kills you. In what state will your children and wife be? How would your father feel?

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] It’s not surprising that at the end of all this, Dilawar, the victim, was really lost. I mean, Dilawar was almost invisible in the trials. I mean, you never saw pictures of him. Nobody ever mentioned this man’s wife and child who were left without a husband and father. He was not part of the picture at all.

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B(MNOHUP 4HUD +PSH^HY JV\SK UV[ ^VYR PU [OL ÄLSKZ ZV OL ZHPK ¸0 ^PSS [HRL [OL [H_P¹ and bring the family meat and potatoes in the evenings.

[Tim Golden, New York Times Reporter] There’s a lot of other people out there who are going to run into this system unless P[»Z Ä_LK (UK `V\ VUS` ULLK VUL [V ZVY[ VM YLTPUK `V\YZLSM VM what it’s capable of.

[Alberto Mora, former Navy General Counsel] American values are premised upon the notion of human dignity, and the sanctity of the individual. To allow for cruelty to be applied as a matter VM VMÄJPHS WVSPJ` PZ [V ZH` [OH[ V\Y MVYLMH[OLYZ ^LYL ^YVUN HIV\[ these inalienable rights.

[Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Military Intelligence, Iraq] Americans obviously want to believe that we’re somehow more moral than the rest of the world. For some reason we have a real strong desire to feel that way. And I think that’s eroding. I don’t really know what effect that’s going to have on us. And I think a lot of people have just decided, ¸>LSS `V\ RUV^ P[»Z KPMMLYLU[ UV^ HM[LY >L JHU»[ IL NVVK HU`TVYL >L OH]L [V NL[ [V\NO ¹ And so we’ll have to see what that does to us. [Narrator] What do you say? [Spc. Tony Lagouranis, Military Intelligence, Iraq] I think that’s bullshit, frankly. I mean, I think that we still need to try and be as good as we can be.

WRITTEN & DIRECTED BY Alex Gibney Dedicated to my father, Frank B. Gibney, 1924-2006, WWII Navy Interrogator 35

B-YHUR ) .PIUL`D 0 ÄUK P[ \[[LYS` PUJVUJLP]HISL [OH[ V\Y OPNOLZ[ VMÄJPHSZ · 9\TZMLSK )\ZO HUK *OLUL` · ^V\SK UV[ VUS` countenance torture but would actually advocate it. That really destroyed my faith in the American government. Because through World War II and the Korean War, where I also served, we had the sense that we were on the side of the good guys. You’d always get justice from the United States of America. People would get

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decent treatment. And there was a rule of law. We never forgot that. That behind the facade of wartime hatreds, there was a central rule of law which people abided by. It was something we believed. It was what made America different.

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(++0;065(3 4<:0* )@ 4HYPV .YPNVYV] >(QG RI YLGHR â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi to the Dark Sideâ&#x20AC;?] Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX <RXU +RQRXUV ,WÂˇV MXVW DIWHU DQG DQ RSSRUWXQH WLPH WR GLJHVW DOO WKDW ZH KDYH KHDUG DQG VHHQ WRGD\ DQG WKHUHIRUH , OHDYH LW LQ \RXU KDQGV EXW , WKLQN ZH FDQ FRPPHQFH VXEPLVVLRQV WKH SURVHFXWLRQ FDQ FRPPHQFH VXEPLVVLRQ WRPRUURZ PRUQLQJ

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Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise. 40

*****

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09 May 2012 - Session 1 Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 3URVHFXWLRQ DQG 'HIHQFH &RXQVHO , KDYH RQH SRLQW ,Â·YH something to say on the video: Whether both of you should make a small submission on the video yesterday afternoon. Whether that video should be struck out for being prejudicial RU QRW ,Â·G UDWKHU ERWK RI \RX VD\ VRPHWKLQJ DERXW LW LQ \RXU submission. Proceed. Gurdial Singh Nijar: Thank you Your Honours. 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV SUHSDUHG D ZULWWHQ VXEPLVVLRQ , GR QRW SURSRVH WR UHDG WKH VXEPLVVLRQ , ZLOO KLJKOLJKW NH\ HOHPHQWV RI WKH VXEPLVVLRQ WKDW ZH WKLQN LPSRUWDQW WR HVWDEOLVK D FDVH beyond reasonable doubt against the accused persons. We note that WKHUH KDV EHHQ QR VXEPLVVLRQ WKDW ZH KDYH QRW HVWDEOLVKHG D SULPD IDFLH FDVH VR ZH DFW RQ WKH DVVXPSWLRQ that WKLV LV WKH Ã&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQ and the onus on us is to prove beyond reasonable doubt that all of the accused should be FRQYLFWHG IRU WKH FULPHV DV FKDUJHG 0\ ZULWWHQ VXEPLVVLRQ LV just being prepared. We have 5 for the bench at the moment. We had to make several amendments in the light of evidence WKDW ZHUH DGGXFHG RYHU WKH ODVW IHZ GD\V 6R , VXEPLW WKLV >5HJLVWUDU IRUZDUGV 3URVHFXWLRQÂ·V VXEPLVVLRQ WR -XGJHV@

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,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHUH ZLOO EH ZH KDYH DOVR VXEPLWWHG VRPH DGGLWLRQDO RI PDWHULDOV DQG WKH UHVW ZH ZLOO PDNH DYDLODEOH DV the submission proceeds.

%HIRUH WKDW LQ UHVSRQVH WR <RXU +RQRXU -XVWLFH :HEUHÂˇV TXHU\ on the question of conspiracy and â&#x20AC;&#x153;to tidy up the charge,â&#x20AC;? ZH have also submitted an amendment to the Charge.

So the amendment to the Charge is to after paragraph 18 of WKH FKDUJH ZKLFK LV WR LQWURGXFH WZR QHZ SDUDJUDSKV 3DUDJUDSK $ DQG SDUDJUDSK % ZKLFK UHDGV â&#x20AC;&#x153;the aforesaid acts including the web of instructions, memos, directives, legal advice and action established a common purpose, joint enterprise and/or conspiracy to commit the crimes with which the accused are charged;â&#x20AC;?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;further each of the accused is also equally principally liable for the aforesaid acts.â&#x20AC;? Thank you. 25

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): <HV SURFHHG Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ ZDV LQLWLDWHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI DQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ and recommendations by the KL War Crimes Commission in

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0RD]]DP %HJJ 3URVHFXWLRQ :LWQHVV -DPHHODK DQG WKH supporting secondary evidence of Mr. Rhuhel and Sh. Abbas # 6KDODO HVWDEOLVKHG D V\VWHPDWLF SHUSHWUDWLRQ RI FULPHV RI torture and violation of the Geneva Convention.

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persons. And he had even the sense of humour to describe ZKDW KH KDYH JRQH WKH JUXHVRPH WKLQJ KH VDLG Â´2K \RXÂˇOO be dancing.â&#x20AC;? , DVNHG KLP KRZ \RX ZLOO UHDFW DQG KH ZDV TXLWH ZHOO PDQQHUHG DERXW LW %XW EHQHDWK LW LW KLGHV WKDW JUXHVRPH DFW DQG ZH FDQ ZHOO LPDJLQH WKH NLQG RI SDLQ DÎ LFWLRQ WKDW KH VXÍżHUHG HOHFWURFXWLRQ WR KLV JHQLWDOLD QRW RQFH PRUH WKDQ RQFH +DQJLQJ IURP WKH ZDOO XQWLO KLV VKRXOGHU LV GLVORFDWHG Residual injuries - all of them complained about residual injuries.

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treatment of prisoners by interrogators at Abu Ghraib in the FRQWH[W RI WKDW LQYDVLRQ 6R WKH $PHULFDQV FDPH LQ EDUJHG LQ WKH +XPYHHV WKDW LV QRW GLVSXWHG WKDW ZDV QRW FKDOOHQJHG $QG WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ ZDV GRQH LQ WKHLU SUHVHQFH WKH\ ZRUH XQLIRUPV VRPH RI WKHP VRPH RI WKHP ZRUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;FBIâ&#x20AC;? caps. 6RPHWLPHV RI FRXUVH WKH\ JRW ,UDTLV RU WKH\ JRW WKH $IJKDQLV WR GHDO DW DQ LPPHGLDWH OHYHO ZLWK WKRVH LQWHUURJDWLRQ EHFDXVH WKH\ GRQÂˇW VSHDN WKH ODQJXDJH WKH $PHULFDQV 7KH\ FRPH WR DQRWKHU FRXQWU\ WKH\ GRQÂˇW FDUH DERXW WKH FXOWXUH WKH VHQVLWLYLWLHV UHQGHU WKHVH SHRSOH QXGH

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VDLG ´Oh, you know, from here to here, small, we had 15 detainees,” DQG \RX ORRN DW LW ´(K LW GRHVQ·W ORRN WRR EDG QLFH FDUSHW OX[XULRXV carpet.” $QG VR WKH YLGHR ZDV EURXJKW LQ

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6R ZKDW GR WKHVH DFWV DPRXQW WR" :H VDZ WKHVH DFWV VR WKH evidence is there. And I turn to page 15 of my submission. 1RZ ZH VD\ WKDW WKHVH DFWV DPRXQW WR WRUWXUH JHQHUDOO\ XQGHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO FXVWRPDU\ ODZ DV ZHOO DV XQGHU WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DQG ZH DOVR VD\ WKDW WKLV LV FUXHO LQKXPDQ DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ DQG LQVRIDU DV WKHUH ZHUH FLYLOLDQV *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ DQG Common Article 3 to the Geneva Convention. So letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s look at WKH ODZ LQ UHVSHFW RI WKLV KDYLQJ HVWDEOLVKHG WKH HYLGHQFH

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.â&#x20AC;?

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fundamental standards of the international community,â&#x20AC;? and this LV RXU DQVZHU WR WKH GHIHQFHÂˇV SUHOLPLQDU\ REMHFWLRQ WKDW WKH\ gave that â&#x20AC;&#x153;it is not an international crimeâ&#x20AC;?.

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And so serious is this that nobody is immune from its reach. In WKH 3LQRFKHW FDVH H[ 3UHVLGHQW 3LQRFKHW ZKR KDG FDUULHG RXW VRPH RI WKH PRVW GDVWDUGO\ FULPHV VRXJKW WR VHHN LPPXQLW\ KH VDLG Â´,ÂˇP LPPXQH :KHWKHU , FRPPLWWHG WKHVH FULPHV RU QRW WKDWÂˇV DQRWKHU LVVXH %XW ,ÂˇP LPPXQH EHFDXVH ZKHQ , FRPPLWWHG the crimes, I was a head of State.â&#x20AC;? 7KH &RXUW VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;No, no way.â&#x20AC;? There is no excuse; there is no immunity from this fundamental SUHFHSW ZKLFK KDV H[LVWHG IURP WLPH LPPHPRULDO WKDW \RX cannot torture someone else.

1RZ VR VHULRXV LV WKH FULPH WKDW ZKHQ ZH ORRN XQGHU the 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ $UWLFOH WKHUH FDQQRW EH HYHQ exceptional circumstances to excuse torture. So Article 3 of the Torture Convention says you cannot justify it on the EDVLV RI ZDU LQVWDELOLW\ HYHQ SXEOLF HPHUJHQF\ (YHQ \RXU IHDUV HYHQ \RXU â&#x20AC;&#x153;War on Terrorâ&#x20AC;?, HYHQ \RXU FRQVWUXFW QR H[FHSWLRQ 7KDWÂˇV $UWLFOH DQG LW DSSHDUV LQ %XQGOH DW page 54.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The 1984 Convention on the Law of Torture subscribed to by 113 states has reinforced this principle. State parties are obliged to take action to punish torture committed within their territory either by or against their nationals. The Convention thus vests universal jurisdiction: it requires states to arrest DQG EULQJ SURFHHGLQJV ÂśZKHUH WKH DOOHJHG RÍżHQGHU LV SUHVHQW LQ DQ\ WHUULWRU\ XQGHU LWV MXULVGLFWLRQÂˇ DQG KDV QRW EHHQ VXEMHFW to a request for extraditionâ&#x20AC;? EHFDXVH H[WUDGLWLRQ PHDQV \RX VHQG KLP WR ZKRHYHU KDV UHTXHVWHG 6R LQ WKH (QJOLVK +RXVH RI /RUGV DJDLQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Torture Convention was agreed not in order to create an international crime which had not previously existed but to provide an international system under which the LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPLQDO WKH WRUWXUHU ZRXOG Ă&#x20AC;QG QR VDIH havenâ&#x20AC;? $QG RÍżHQGHUV EHFRPH â&#x20AC;&#x153;common enemies of all mankind and all nations have an equal interest in their apprehension and prosecution.â&#x20AC;? And so this is the value of this Tribunal. There is not only a responsibility but an obligation if thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a universal crime. For %ODLU WR FROOHFW KXJH IHHV WKHUH LV DQ REOLJDWLRQ RQ WKH SDUW RI country to do something about it because this is a universal FULPH $QG WKHVH SHRSOH JHW DZD\ ZLWK WKLV EHFDXVH RI WKH H[WUDRUGLQDU\ SRZHU WKDW WKHLU QDWLRQ ZLHOGV %HFDXVH RI WKH extraordinary military machinery that they have that they can XQOHDVK DW DQ\ WLPH HLWKHU E\ WKHPVHOYHV RU WKURXJK SUR[\ $QG WRGD\ WKH\ DUH LQ WZR DUHQDV DQG WKUHDWHQLQJ WR JR LQWR

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WKH WKLUG DUHQD $QG DOVR WKH KLGGHQ KDQG EHKLQG RWKHU DUHQDV :H NQRZ WKDW 6R KRZ GRHV FLYLOL]DWLRQ UHDFW WR WKLV LQ WKLV GD\ DQG DJH 0LJKW LV ULJKW" <RX NQRZ LI \RX GR WKLV LQ D IDPLO\ FRQWH[W \RX FDQ·W GR LW ,I VRPHRQH FRPHV DQG VODSV VRPHERG\ HOVH \RX VD\ ´+H\ \RX FDQ·W GR WKDW µ You got to reason. You got to GR LW ORJLFDOO\ 6R ZKDW ZH VD\ RXU FKLOGUHQ FDQQRW GR ZH·UH JRQQD FRQGRQH WKLV DFW GRQH RQ D ODUJH VFDOH PDVVLYHO\ LQ DQ DXGDFLRXV PDQQHU" $QG WKLV LV WKH UROH RI WKLV 7ULEXQDO people’s Tribunal. :H YHU\ FDUHIXOO\ KDYH WR JR WKURXJK WKLV HYLGHQFH :KHUH WKHUH LV QRQH WKURZ LW RXW %HFDXVH ZH PXVW EH YHU\ VFUXSXORXV LQ DGKHUHQFH WR WKH YHU\ UXOHV ZKLFK ZH VD\ RWKHUV PXVW REH\ $QG VR WKLV LV WKH VDFUHG WDVN WKDW , VD\ WKLV 7ULEXQDO <RXU +RQRXUV DUH EHVWRZHG ZLWK D KLVWRULF WDVN 7KH ZRUOG LV ZDWFKLQJ $QG RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKLV ZH HPEROGHQ WKRVH ZKR ZDQW WR H[HUFLVH XQLYHUVDO MXULVGLFWLRQ EHFDXVH LW·V QRW MXVW WKHLU RZQ SROLWLFDO VWXQWV EXW WKH FRQVLGHUHG YLHZ RI D 7ULEXQDO WKDW has done through the paces of trial. 2I FRXUVH \RX FDQ VD\ ´<HV %XVK DQG 5XPVIHOG WKH\ GLGQ·W attend.” You cannot abort justice by refusing to attend. Can \RX LPDJLQH VRPHERG\ LV FKDUJHG IRU PXUGHU DQG KH VD\V ´:HOO ,·P QRW JRLQJ WR DWWHQG ,·P QRW JRLQJ WR DSSRLQW FRXQVHO µ $QG JHWV DZD\ ZLWK PXUGHU 7KLV LV XQKHDUG RI XQWKLQNDEOH XQDFFHSWDEOH $QG VR WKHUH DUH UXOHV WKHVH UXOHV WKDW ZH KDYH saying that there must be trial in absentia. These rules that ZH KDYH DUH UXOHV WKDW DUH SOXFNHG IURP HVWDEOLVKHG UXOHV ZKLFK VD\V WKDW \RX FDQ WU\ D PDQ in absentia. So this is the historic role of this Court. And it’s so serious that the Torture &RQYHQWLRQ DSSOLHV HYHQ WR D VLQJOH DFW RI R΀FLDO WRUWXUH (YHQ LI \RX GR 21( DFW WKDW VX΀FHV $QG ,·YH SXW WKH DXWKRULW\ for that. 7KH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ GHÀQHV ¶WRUWXUH· DV ¶WKH LQWHQWLRQDO LQÁLFWLRQ RI VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXͿHULQJ ZKHWKHU SK\VLFDO RU PHQWDO E\ RU ZLWK WKH FRQVHQW RU DFTXLHVFHQFH RI D SXEOLF R΀FLDO· 6R LW LV YHU\ ZLGHO\ FDVW “Acquiescence” VX΀FHV ,I \RX NQRZ VRPHWKLQJ LV KDSSHQLQJ DQG \RX VWDQG LGO\ E\ PLQLPXP ZRUVW FDVH VFHQDULR \RX KDYH FRPPLWWHG WRUWXUH

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DORQJ ZLWK DOO WKH RWKHUV GRZQ WKH OLQH )URP GRZQ WKH OLQH EDFN XS WR WKRVH LQ SRVLWLRQV RI DXWKRULW\ $QG WKH WHUP ÂśSXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOÂˇ UHIHUV WR ÂśRÎ&#x20AC;FLDO WRUWXUHÂˇ DQG LQFOXGHV WKH +HDG RI D State.

The US is party to the Torture Convention. It became a party LQ DQG LW KDV HYHQ LPSOHPHQWHG WKURXJK GRPHVWLF ODZ 7LWOH RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RGH WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ ,WÂˇV LQWHUHVWLQJ WKH NH\ 86 RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV KDYH WULHG WR DYRLG WKH obligations of the Torture Convention through a variety of ZD\V , KDYH FDWHJRULVHG PDLQ PHWKRGV E\ ZKLFK WKH\ VHHN to avoid the Torture Convention. )LUVW WKH\ VDLG WKDW 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ WDONV DERXW VXÍżHULQJ ZKHWKHU SK\VLFDO RU PHQWDO 6R WKHUH PXVW EH D FHUWDLQ threshold of torture before you can consider it as a torture. $Q\WKLQJ HOVH EHORZ WKDW LV QRW WRUWXUH 6R DOO WKH DFWV WKDW WKH ZLWQHVVHV GHVFULEHG WR WKHP WKDWÂˇV QRW WRUWXUH Â´$K WKDWÂˇV LQFRQYHQLHQFH WKDWÂˇV GLVFRPIRUW WKHUHÂˇV VRPH SDLQ WKHUH LV VRPH mental implications.â&#x20AC;? %XW LW PXVW FURVV D WKUHVKROG $QG ZKDW they have tried to establish is that it must result in organ failure. It must result in impairment of bodily function or HYHQ GHDWK 6R WKH\ UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QHG WKH ZRUG WRUWXUH 7KDWÂˇV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ

7KH VHFRQG FODVVLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ WKH\ KDYH LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ah, when we signed the &RQYHQWLRQ ZKHQ ZH UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG LW ZH FUHDWHG RXU RZQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI ZKDW ZH DUH JRLQJ WR FRPPLW RXUVHOYHV DQG WKHUHIRUH WKDWÂˇV LW Torture Convention is limited in its application to us to the extent of the understanding we express at it.â&#x20AC;? 6R OHWÂˇV MXVW ORRN YHU\ EULHĂ \ DW ERWK WKHVH MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV

)LUVW RQH DW SDJH RI P\ VXEPLVVLRQ (VVHQWLDOO\ ZKDW they said is this: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is not torture unless you show me organ failure. So I apply electrodes to your genitalia, to your penis, show me that your penis has been destroyed.â&#x20AC;? And it must not KDYH RQO\ WKDW HYHQ LI GHVWUR\HG LW PXVW FDXVH ORQJ ODVWLQJ KDUP 6R , MXVW ZDQW WR WDNH LW DW WKLV OHYHO Ă&#x20AC;UVW EHFDXVH , ZLOO VKRZ ODWHU WKDW HYHQ E\ WKLV FULWHULD ZH KDYH HQRXJK evidence.

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This argument is set out in the memorandum by the Attorney *HQHUDO KLPVHOI $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOÂˇV RÎ&#x20AC;FH WR 3UHVLGHQW *HRUJH Bush dated August 1st JLYHQ E\ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -D\ %\EHH DQG LW LV LQ P\ %XQGOH $ -D\ %\EHH LV $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO $FFXVHG QR LQ WKLV FKDUJH 7KLV LV ZKDW KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Physical pain amounting to torture must be equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying VHULRXV SK\VLFDO LQMXU\ VXFK DV RUJDQ IDLOXUH LPSDLUPHQW RI ERGLO\ IXQFWLRQ RU HYHQ GHDWK. For SXUHO\ PHQWDO SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ WR DPRXQW WR WRUWXUH LW PXVW UHVXOW in VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW SV\FKRORJLFDO KDUP RU VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW GXUDWLRQ e.g., lasting for months or years. We also conclude that the mental harm also must result from one of the predicate acts listed in the statute, QDPHO\ WKUHDWV RI LPPLQHQW GHDWK WKUHDWV RI LQĂ LFWLRQ RI WKH NLQG of pain that would amount to physical torture; use of drugs or other procedures designed to deeply disrupt the senses, or fundamentally DOWHU DQ LQGLYLGXDOÂˇV SHUVRQDOLW\ RU WKUHDWHQLQJ WR GR DQ\ RI WKHVH things to a third party.â&#x20AC;?

So this is their legal contrivance: Torture is not torture unless \RX VKRZ XV WKLV $QG WKHUHIRUH WKH\ VDLG DQG RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKHVH ZDV WKH WRUWXUH LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV ODLG VR WKH\ are free from torture - make sure no organ failure. What they DUH VD\LQJ LV Â´<HDK LW FRXOG EH LQKXPDQH EXW LWÂˇV QRW WRUWXUH Âľ

1RZ RXU VXEPLVVLRQ WR WKLV LV WKUHVKROG )LUVW LW LV QRW RSHQ WR DQ\ 3DUW\ WR WKH &RQYHQWLRQ WR UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH ZKDW FRQVWLWXWHV WRUWXUH LQ DQ\ ZD\ WKDW VXLWV LW \RX FDQÂˇW GR that under the Torture Convention. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re prohibited from doing that. 6HFRQGO\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? LV QRW XQGHUVWRRG LQ WKH OLPLWLQJ ZD\ WKDW WKH 86 KDV VRXJKW WR VXJJHVW DQG , ZLOO VKRZ KRZ WKH UHVW RI WKH FLYLOLVHG ZRUOG EDU WKH DFFXVHG XQGHUVWDQG WRUWXUH 7KLUGO\ ZH VD\ WKH DFWV DUH LQ DQ\ HYHQW VR JUDYH DV WR constitute torture under the Convention and there is high authority in support of this.

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&DQ \RX OLPLW ZKDW \RX VD\ DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? XQLODWHUDOO\ DQG UDLVH WKH WKUHVKROG RI WRUWXUH" :H KDYH /RUG +RSH LQ WKH Pinochet FDVH +H VD\V WKH &RQYHQWLRQ LV TXLWH GHOLEHUDWHO\

â&#x20AC;&#x153;expressed in the widest possible terms ... the preamble to WKH &RQYHQWLRQ WR PDNH PRUH HÍżHFWLYH WKH VWUXJJOH DJDLQVW torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment throughout the world.â&#x20AC;?

The 9LHQQD &RQYHQWLRQ RQ WKH /DZ RI 7UHDWLHV ZKLFK ZDV FLWHG E\ $PLFXV UHTXLUHV ZRUGV LQ WUHDWLHV WR EH JLYHQ WKHLU ordinary meaning in their context and in the light of its object and purpose: Article 31(1). The ordinary or natural meaning RI WKH WHUP ÂśVHYHUH SK\VLFDO SDLQÂˇ LQFOXGHV Â´LQĂ LFWLQJ GLVFRPIRUW or pain that is hard to endureâ&#x20AC;? - dictionary.com

7KLV LV D GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ IRU DOO RI XV :H GRQÂˇW QHHG $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WR WHOO XV ZKDW LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;?. In an attempt to provide a contrivance for avoiding their international REOLJDWLRQ $QG VR ZH KDYH DOVR TXRWHG :HEVWHU ÂˇV 1HZ International Dictionary 1RZ ZKDW WKLV PHPRUDQGXP WULHG WR GR E\ WKLV $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -D\ %\EHH \RX VHH ZKDW KH GLG ZDV WKLV LV KRZ WKLV ODZ\HUV ZLWK IRUHQVLF PDQLSXODWLRQ LI \RX OLNH DQG , VD\ VR ZLWK UHVSHFW EHFDXVH , DP D ODZ\HU P\VHOI :KDW KH GLG \RX NQRZ KH SOXFNHG RXW IURP YDULRXV VRXUFHV VHOHFWLYHO\ D OLWWOH TXRWH KHUH D OLWWOH TXRWH WKHUH DQG WULHG WR EXLOG XS D VFKHPH WKDW WKHQ XQGHUPLQHV WKH ODZ ZKLFK KH ZDV VXSSRVHG to adhere to. 6R ZKDW WKH\ GLG ZDV WKH\ WRRN WKLV GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ IURP D 86 0HGLFDUH VWDWXWH ZKLFK GHDOW ZLWK WKH WUHDWPHQW RI HPHUJHQF\ FRQGLWLRQV 6R WKHUH HPHUJHQF\ PHGLFDO FRQGLWLRQ IRU WKH SXUSRVH RI SURYLGLQJ KHDOWK EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W 6R WKHUH LV DQ HPHUJHQF\ GHYHORSHG DQG \RX KDYH WR SURYLGH HPHUJHQF\ PHGLFDO FRQGLWLRQV XQGHU 0HGLFDUH DQ LQVXUDQFH OLNH WUHDWPHQW PHFKDQLVP $QG VR WKH\ WRRN WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ WKHUH ZKLFK VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;when you apply emergency medical condition and on the basis of Medicare, then you must show all these kind of things - organ failure, impairment of bodily function, and so on so forth.â&#x20AC;? So they took WKDW GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ DQG LPSODQWHG LW LQWR WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ WR

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VD\ Â´$K \RX VHH ,ÂˇP QRW SOXFNLQJ LW RXW RI D YDFXXP ,ÂˇP SOXFNLQJ it out of a particular LAW.â&#x20AC;? %XW WKH ODZ LQ FRQWH[W KDV QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ ,W ZDV KRZ WR GHDO ZLWK DQ HPHUJHQF\ VLWXDWLRQ 6R WKHUH RI FRXUVH HPHUJHQF\ WKHVH DUH WKH WKUHVKROG YHU\ KLJK WKUHVKROG WKHQ \RX DWWHQG WR emergency on the basis of Medicare. 6R DJDLQ WR UHIHUHQFH WR GLFWLRQDU\ FRP ÂśHPHUJHQF\ FRQGLWLRQÂˇ implies Â´D VXGGHQ RU XQH[SHFWHG VWDWH RI DÍżDLUV WKDW UHTXLUHV immediate actionâ&#x20AC;?. To suggest that torture must be equated to physical acts that relate to an emergency medical condition LV D GLVLQJHQXRXV FRQWULYDQFH DQG ZLWK UHVSHFW HQWLUHO\ LQDSSURSULDWH $QG VXFK D FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZRXOG PDNH D PRFNHU\ of the attempt by civilized countries these many decades to RXWODZ WRUWXUH WKURXJK LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQVHQVXV 6R Ă&#x20AC;UVW LV \RX FDQQRW XQLODWHUDOO\ OLPLW ,WÂˇV D FRQWULYDQFH ,WÂˇV D GLVKRQHVW LQWHOOHFWXDO FRQWULYDQFH E\ WKH DFFXVHG QR UHOLHG XSRQ E\ WKH UHVW RI WKH ODZ\HUV DQG SUHVHQWHG WR WKH SULQFLSDO FKDUDFWHUV 5XPVIHOG %XVK &KHQH\ 7KH QH[W SRLQW WKDW , PDNH LQ WKLV FRQWH[W LV 7KH ZRUOG FRPPXQLW\ XQGHUVWDQGV LW GLÍżHUHQWO\ DQG UHMHFWV WKHVH NLQGV RI FRQWULYDQFHV WKHVH NLQGV RI GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQV $QG WKH UHVW RI WKH ZRUOG EDU WKHVH SHRSOH XQGHUVWDQG WKH PHDQLQJ LQ TXLWH D GLÍżHUHQW ZD\ $QG , KDYH TXRWHG KHUH LQWHUQDWLRQDO bodies and 1 independent expert that make it clear that these DFWV WKDW ZH KDYH KHDUG RYHU WKH ODVW GD\V FRQVWLWXWH DFWV RI torture.

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ORQJ KRXUV SODFLQJ EODFN KRRGV RYHU WKHLU KHDGV VXEMHFWLQJ them to loud noise and depriving them of sleep constituted FUXHO LQKXPDQH RU GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW WKDW IHOO VKRUW RI torture. But that is outdated.

%XW GRQÂˇW WDNH P\ ZRUG IRU LW )RXU GHFDGHV ROG MXGJPHQW /RUG +RSH ZKR DOVR VDW LQ WKH 3LQRFKHW FDVH ZULWLQJ H[WUD judicially said that: â&#x20AC;&#x153;It seems likely that the mixture of physical and psychological pressures that were used in the case of the IRA suspects would now be regarded as torture within the meaning of Article 3 of the European Convention. ... Any inhuman and degrading treatment which is used for the purpose of extracting information or a confession will constitute tortureâ&#x20AC;?. And he quoted a more recent case by the same court that DSSOLHG ÂśLQFUHDVLQJO\ KLJK VWDQGDUGV DQG JUHDWHU Ă&#x20AC;UPQHVVÂˇ 6R WKHUH ZH KDYH LW 'LDQH %HDYHU KHU YLHZV RQ WKH EDVLV RI D IRXU GHFDGHV ROG MXGJPHQW UHMHFWHG E\ FRQWHPSRUDU\ MXGLFLDO RSLQLRQ DOWKRXJK ZULWLQJ H[WUD MXGLFLDOO\

$QG WKHQ ZH KDYH WKH &RPPLWWHH WKH 81 ERG\ WKDW LV implementing the Convention Against Torture. They also KDYH FRPH RXW ZLWK D UHSRUW 7KLV ZDV LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH &RPPLWWHH $JDLQVW 7RUWXUH ZLWK UHJDUG WR ,VUDHOÂˇV WUHDWPHQW RI 3DOHVWLQLDQV $QG ,ÂˇYH VHW RXW DW SDJH ZKDW WKH\ VD\ DUH the interrogation techniques that constitute not only â&#x20AC;&#x153;cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment,â&#x20AC;? but also â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;?. And at my SDUDJUDSK , VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;particularly evident where such methods of interrogation are used in combinationâ&#x20AC;?: restraining in very painful conditions; hooding under special conditions; sounding of loud music for prolonged periods; sleep deprivation IRU SURORQJHG SHULRGV WKUHDWV LQFOXGLQJ GHDWK WKUHDWV violent shaking; and extreme temperatures. And they made it very clear that methods of interrogation DXWKRUL]HG E\ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 'HIHQVH E\ 5XPVIHOG VXFK DV DQG , KDYH D OLVW RI LW DPRXQW WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? ZLWKLQ $UWLFOH RI WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DQG DUH D YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH ZKHQ WKH YLFWLP H[SHULHQFH VHYHUH SDLQ DQG VXÍżHULQJ

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$QG WKH FRPPLWWHH VDLG DQG WKLV LV WKH FRPPLWWHH LQ FKDUJH VR GRQÂˇW WDNH P\ ZRUG RU $PLFXV 'HIHQFHÂˇV ZRUG IRU LW WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;a State party to the Convention is precluded from justifying such methods on â&#x20AC;&#x153;exceptional circumstancesâ&#x20AC;? 6R WKH 81 &RPPLWWHH LWVHOI LPSOHPHQWLQJ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ ZHUH SUHFLVHO\ WKH NLQG RI WUHDWPHQW WKDW ZDV PHWHG RXW WR SURVHFXWLRQ ZLWQHVV DV ZHOO DV WKH statutory declaration by Abbas and Rhuhel. , KDYH DOVR TXRWH KHUH DW SDJH 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV DQG KH looked at the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture Memosâ&#x20AC;? and consulted an independent GRFWRU 'U $ELJDLO 6HOW]HU D /RQGRQ EDVHG GRFWRU ZKR KDG EHHQ D FRQVXOWDQW SV\FKLDWULVW IRU PRUH WKDQ D GHFDGH DQG asked her to evaluate the techniques: What does it amount WR" +HU ZRUGV

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I doubt anyone of them (12 hypothetical clinicians referred to a log that set out similar interrogation acts) would this LQGLYLGXDO KDG QRW VXÍżHUHG VHYHUH PHQWDO GLVWUHVV DW WKH WLPH of his interrogation, and possibly also severe physical distressâ&#x20AC;?

6KH H[SODLQHG KHU XVH RI WKH WHUP ÂśGLVWUHVVÂˇ LQ SODFH RI ÂśSDLQ DQG VXÍżHULQJÂˇ LQ WKHVH ZRUGV

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The log contains clear descriptors of stress, or if you prefer, distress. From a medical perspective those descriptors are consistent with what the drafters of the Torture Convention PLJKW KDYH KDG LQ PLQG ZKHQ WKH\ XVHG WKH WHUP ÂśSDLQÂˇ DQG ÂśVXÍżHULQJÂˇ Âľ 6R KHUH ZH RÍżHU DGGLWLRQDO HYLGHQFH RI DQ HYDOXDWLRQ GRQH LQ UHVSHFW RI WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;... which in some cases was tantamount to torture ...â&#x20AC;?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The ICRC is ... that the construction of the Guantanamo system, whose objective is to extract intelligence information, â&#x20AC;&#x153;cannot be considered other than an intentional system of cruel, unusual and degrading treatment and a form of torture.â&#x20AC;?

And the ICRC concludes its report by its statement: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The practices described in this report are prohibited under international +XPDQLWDULDQ /DZÂˇ I present this through the Registrar.

1RZ ZH KDYH DQRWKHU TXRWH E\ WKH UN Committee Against 7RUWXUH WKH 81 +XPDQ 5LJKWV &RPPLVVLRQ DQG WKH\ FRQFOXGHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;that the use of some of the techniques nudity, dogs, exposure to extreme temperatures could give rise to extreme SV\FKRORJLFDO VXÍżHULQJ DV WR DPRXQW WR WRUWXUH Âľ And this is their UHSRUW ZKLFK DSSHDUV LQ P\ 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ %XQGOH 7KH QH[W SRLQW WKDW , ZDQW WR PDNH LQ UHVSRQVH WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;this is not torture,â&#x20AC;? is that this is torture in any event. Whatever criteria \RX ZDQW WR XVH WR DSSO\ ZKHQ ZH KHDU WKH WHVWLPRQ\ RI WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV DQG ZH DOVR KDG HYLGHQFH E\ SURVHFXWLRQ ZLWQHVV WKDW SHRSOH GLHG DV D UHVXOW RI WKH WRUWXUH +H VDZ WKH body slumped. And there is admission by the United States WKDW WKHVH SHRSOH GLHG :H KDYH WKH WD[L GULYHU WKH\ VKRZHG WKH FHUWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWH , DVN WKDW \RX ORRN DW WKH FLUFXPVWDQFHV LQ ZKLFK ZH DUH WHQGHULQJ HYLGHQFH :H FDQÂˇW JHW WKHVH SHRSOH WR FRPH ZH FDQÂˇW JHW WKDW NLQG RI LQIRUPDWLRQ 7R WKH H[WHQW ZH FDQ OLNH WKH PHPRUDQGXP ZH ZLOO EH GLVSOD\LQJ WKHP %XW ZH VDZ YHU\ FOHDUO\ WKH GHDWK FHUWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWH WKH KRPLFLGH RI WKLV WD[L GULYHU %RXJKW D QHZ WD[L WRRN FXVWRPHUV HQGHG XS GD\V ODWHU GHDG $QG KH ZDV GHFODUHG LQQRFHQW E\ WKH 86 LWVHOI $QG WKHQ WKH SDVVHQJHUV ZHUH WDNHQ WR *XDQWDQDPR ZKHUH WKH\ VHUYHG PRUH WKDQ Ă´ \HDUV VXEMHFWHG WR WKLV VDPH NLQG of treatment. This is the kind of treatment that the evidence of ZKLFK KDV DW OHDVW EHHQ VKRZQ WR WKLV &RXUW

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VKRZ D GLVWLQFW D V\VWHPDWLF SDWWHUQ 7KH\ ZHUH GHVLJQHG WR LQĂ LFW WKLV NLQG RI SXQLVKPHQW 8QEHDUDEOH SDLQ EHFDXVH WKH\ ZDQWHG WR H[WUDFW LQIRUPDWLRQ $W WKH HQG RI WKH GD\ WKH\ ZHUH DOO UHOHDVHG 7KHVH VR FDOOHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;dangerous, high level criminalsâ&#x20AC;?: 7KH PRWKHU WKH ZLIH -DPHHODK WKH IDWKHU 0RD]]DP %HJJ $EEDV $ELG JRRG QDWXUHG KLJK RÎ&#x20AC;FHU LQ ,UDT DOO ZHUH WDNHQ LQ DQG ODWHU RQ ZHUH UHOHDVHG OLNH WKDW $QG ZH VDZ WKH Ă&#x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Ă&#x20AC;HG WKH WKUHVKROG WKDW PXVW EH VDWLVĂ&#x20AC;HG LW LV RXU UHVSHFWIXO VXEPLVVLRQ ZH KDYH VKRZQ EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW LW KDV VDWLVĂ&#x20AC;HG WKDW FULWHULD $QG ZH KDYH VKRZQ DW SDUDJUDSK G ZK\ WKLV LV VR $QG LQ IDFW ZH KDYH VDLG WKDW LW LV PRUH VHULRXV WKDW ZKDW WKH memorandum contemplates.

$QG LI \RX ORRN DW SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;The memorandum states that certain acts that consistently reappear in these cases are of such a barbaric nature that it is OLNHO\ D FRXUW ZRXOG Ă&#x20AC;QG WKDW DOOHJDWLRQV RI VXFK WUHDWPHQW would constitute torture.â&#x20AC;? One final point on this part: The US says they have an ÂśXQGHUVWDQGLQJÂˇ ZKHQ UDWLI\LQJ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ The Attorney-General advised the US President that this ZRXOG QRW YLRODWH WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ EHFDXVH RI DQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKDW WKH 86 KDG DGGHG WR WKH &RQYHQWLRQ ZKHQ UDWLI\LQJ LW ,W ZDV WKLV 7KDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? ZDV OLPLWHG WR H[WUHPH form of cruel and inhuman treatment. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve set out this in my bundle.

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%XW DV ZH PDNH FOHDU <RX FDQQRW KDYH \RXU RZQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DV WR WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RI WKH YHU\ EDVLV WKH IXQGDPHQWDO FRQVWUXFW RQ ZKLFK WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ LV EDVHG <RX FDQQRW VD\ Â´, DJUHH WKDW PXUGHU LV DQ RÍżHQFH Âľ EXW WKHQ \RX VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;you see, LI \RX NLOO WKHQ P\ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ LV WKDW LW GRHVQÂˇW DPRXQW WR PXUGHU EHFDXVH , KDYH P\ RZQ GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ ,W PXVW EH VRPHWKLQJ committed under the kind of rules that I unilaterally ...â&#x20AC;? We canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have that. We canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have that kind of reservation. We canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have that understanding. And the Torture Convention makes WKDW H[SOLFLWO\ FOHDU EH\RQG SHUDGYHQWXUH DQG , LQYLWH <RXU Honours to scrutinize that. 7KDW GHDOV ZLWK WRUWXUH

1H[W ZH KDYH YLRODWLRQV RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV 'LG WKH 8 accused persons violate the Geneva Conventions. This is TXHVWLRQ RI ODZ Ă&#x20AC;UVW :KDW DUH DFWV WKDW FRQVWLWXWH D YLRODWLRQ RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ"

7KH IRXU *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZHUH FUHDWHG LQ DIWHU World War II. They crystalized customary humanitarian law EHFDXVH RI WKH KRUURUV WKDW ZHUH LQĂ LFWHG E\ 1D]L *HUPDQ\ 7KH\ FU\VWDOL]HG WKH UXOHV DQG VDLG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;You cannot go down that pathway because that constitutes, in international law, cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment,â&#x20AC;? &,' WKH DFURQ\P 7KH\ VDLG these are minimum standards that must apply to everyone. 6R WKH\ KDYH IRU H[DPSOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ WKDW GHDOV ZLWK â&#x20AC;&#x153;sick and wounded combatants,â&#x20AC;? then treatment for those DW VHD EHFDXVH LQ WKRVH GD\V QDYDO ZDUIDUH ZDV D ELJ HYHQW DQG SULVRQHUV RI ZDU *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ DQG WKHQ \RX had Geneva Convention GHDOLQJ ZLWK FLYLOLDQV FDXJKW XS LQ WKH FURVV Ă&#x20AC;UH RI ZDU 6R ZH KDYH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV $QG HDFK RQH RI WKHP VWDUW RÍż ZLWK FRPPRQ DUWLFOHV 6R WKHVH DUH DOZD\V UHIHUUHG WR DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common Article 3â&#x20AC;? $OO RI WKHP KDYH WKDW the 4 conventions. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s look at the common articles.

Article 1 UHVSHFW IRU WKH &RQYHQWLRQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;in all circumstancesâ&#x20AC;?. This means no excuse: You cannot say â&#x20AC;&#x153;national necessityâ&#x20AC;?. You cannot say â&#x20AC;&#x153;9/11â&#x20AC;?. You cannot say â&#x20AC;&#x153;self-defenceâ&#x20AC;?. There are VRPH GHIHQFHV ZKHUH WKHUH LV DQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;imminent threat,â&#x20AC;? ZKHUH \RX FDQ WDNH RXW FHUWDLQ DFWLRQ %XW RWKHUZLVH ZLWK UHJDUG WR &,' FUXHO LQKXPDQ RU GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW QRWKLQJ

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Article 2 DSSOLHV WKH &RQYHQWLRQ UXOHV QRW RQO\ WR GHFODUHG ZDUV EXW WR Â´DQ\ RWKHU DUPHG FRQĂ LFWÂľ DULVLQJ DPRQJ WKH SDUWLHV and requires parties to abide by the rules even if other states GR QRW 6R \RX FDQQRW VD\ Â´2K 7DOLEDQ GRHVQÂˇW DJUHH ZLWK WKLV VR , GRQÂˇW FDUH 7KHLU FLWL]HQV FRXQW IRU QRWKLQJ Âľ Such is the nature of this rule. So this excludes a familiar reservation to previous treaties entered by states only prepared to stick to the rules as long as their enemies did.

Then Article 3 promises a minimum of humane treatment in Â´DUPHG FRQĂ LFW QRW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUÂľ to all civilians DQG QRQ FRPEDWDQWV $QG DV , VKDOO VKRZ WKLV SKUDVH â&#x20AC;&#x153;armed FRQĂ LFW QRW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUÂľ has been extended to LQFOXGH DOO VLWXDWLRQV DOO FLUFXPVWDQFHV

So these are the 3 minimum requirements of all persons LQYROYHG LQ DQ\ FRQĂ LFW LQ DQ\ DUHQD LQ DOO FLUFXPVWDQFHV 7KLV LV D IXQGDPHQWDO SURYLVLRQ (YHU\RQH WDNLQJ SDUW LQ KRVWLOLWLHV ZLWK UHJDUG WR SHRSOH WKH\ FDSWXUH SHRSOH ZKR DUH FLYLOLDQV SHRSOH ZKR WKH\ WKLQN DUH FRPEDWDQWV SHRSOH ZKR WKLQN WKH\ DUH SULVRQHUV RI ZDU DQG VR RQ 6R LW FRYHUV HYHU\RQH DQ\ VLWXDWLRQ $QG VRPH DFWV DUH FRQVLGHUHG VR KHLQRXV VR EUXWDO WKDW WKH\ WKHQ JR RQ WR H[SOLFLWO\ SURYLGH IRU WKDW WKDWÂˇV DGGLWLRQDO $QG WKHVH LQFOXGH FUXHO WUHDWPHQW DQG WRUWXUH outrages upon personal dignity there is no humiliating or GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW DQG VR RQ 1RZ &RPPRQ $UWLFOH HQFDSVXODWHV FXVWRPDU\ ODZ ,Q RWKHU ZRUGV LWÂˇV QRWKLQJ QHZ $FWV GRQÂˇW FUHDWH KXPDQ ULJKWV 7KH existence of you as a human being entitles you to human rights. +XPDQ ULJKWV DUH HVWDEOLVKHG E\ \RXU YHU\ EHLQJ ERUQ DQG WKHUHIRUH \RXÂˇUH HQWLWOHG WR EUHDWKH \RXÂˇUH HQWLWOHG WR SDUWDNH \RXÂˇUH HQWLWOHG WR IUHHGRP DQG VR RQ $OO WKHVH GHFODUDWLRQV DUH PHUHO\ HQFDSVXODWLRQV RU FRGLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI ZKDW LV JHQHUDOO\ understood as being inalienable and inherent in your very existence as a human being - that is the point. So Article 3 encapsulates this â&#x20AC;&#x153;customary lawâ&#x20AC;?. States begin WR UHFRJQLVH LW DQG LW EHFRPHV â&#x20AC;&#x153;international customary lawâ&#x20AC;?. :KHQ D ODUJH ERG\ RI 6WDWHV UHFRJQLVH FHUWDLQ SUDFWLFHV LW LV LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ UHFRJQLVHG EHFRPHV LQWHUQDWLRQDO FXVWRPDU\ ODZ $QG ZLWK UHJDUG WR KXPDQLWDULDQ DFWV LW EHFRPHV

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;international humanitarian lawâ&#x20AC;? 7KDWÂˇV KRZ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ is generally established. 7KH RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO FRPPHQWDU\ WR WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV PDNHV WKLV FOHDU WKDW LW DSSOLHV WR DOO VLWXDWLRQ QRW MXVW Â´DUPHG FRQĂ LFW QRW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUÂľ $QG , PDNH WKLV FOHDU WKHUH DW SDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;The scope of the Article must be as wide as possible.â&#x20AC;?

$QG \RX KDYH QXPHURXV MXGJPHQWV RI WKH :RUOG &RXUW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO 7ULEXQDO DQG ,ÂˇYH MXVW VXPPDULVHG LW WKURXJK E\ FLWLQJ 3KLOOLSH 6DQGV â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is no doubt that, in the HYHQW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO DUPHG FRQĂ LFW WKHVH UXOHV DOVR FRQVWLWXWH D minimum yardstick.â&#x20AC;? So the reference in the chapeau to â&#x20AC;&#x153;armed FRQĂ LFWV QRW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUÂľ KDYH EHHQ H[WHQGHG if you like. And even the decision of the US Supreme Court in Hamdan v Ramsfeld VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;the commentaries also make clear that the scope of the article must be as wide as possible.â&#x20AC;? , KDYH VHW RXW KHUH DW SDJH WKH UHOHYDQW SDUW RI &RPPRQ $UWLFOH ZKLFK , KDYH UHIHUUHG WR %\ ZD\ RI VXPPDU\ SDJH 3ULVRQHUV PXVW EH WUHDWHG KXPDQHO\ DW DOO WLPHV Article 13);

They must be protected against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity. They must be WUHDWHG ZLWK UHVSHFW IRU WKHLU SHUVRQV DQG WKHLU KRQRXU LQ DOO circumstances (Article 14);

8SRQ TXHVWLRQLQJ WKH\ DUH ERXQG WR JLYH RQO\ WKHLU QDPH DQG UDQN DQG VR RQ DQG

Any form of torture or cruelty is expressly forbidden (Article 88 $QG WKLV DSSOLHV XQGHU Article 130 WR LQWHUURJDWLRQV DV ZHOO $QG DQ\ DFW RQ D GHWDLQHH WKDW DPRXQWV WR WRUWXUH LQKXPDQ WUHDWPHQW RU WKDW FDXVHV JUHDW VXÍżHULQJ RU VHULRXV injury to body or health is considered so serious as to be treated

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as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;grave breachâ&#x20AC;?. 1R H[FXVHV QRW HYHQ QHFHVVLW\ RU QDWLRQDO VHFXULW\ DQG LI \RX YLRODWH \RX EHFRPH DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO RXWODZ DQG \RX DUH OLDEOH WR SURVHFXWLRQ LQ DQ\ SDUW RI WKH FLYLOL]HG ZRUOG

In fact Article 129 not only requires Parties to enact national ODZV WR SURYLGH HÍżHFWLYH VDQFWLRQV IRU SHUVRQ FRPPLWWLQJ RU ordering the commission of any grave breaches. It also obliges Parties to search IRU VXFK ÂśYLRODWRUVÂˇ DQG FKDUJH WKHP LQ WKHLU RZQ FRXUWV UHJDUGOHVV RI WKHLU QDWLRQDOLW\ RU LW PD\ KDQG WKHP over to other Parties for trial. ,Q IDFW ZH KDYH LQ RXU ODZ LPSOHPHQWLQJ OHJLVODWLRQ ZLWK regard to the Geneva Convention in Malaysia. And the 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DOVR KDYH WKH :DU &ULPHV $FW ZKLFK RXWODZV FULPLQDOLVHV WKRVH YLRODWLRQV RI &RPPRQ $UWLFOH 7KHQ ZH FRPH WR WKH OLDELOLW\ XQGHU WKH Rome Statute of the ICC. The US signed the Torture Convention - all these accused SHUVRQV DUH IURP WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ,W VLJQHG LQ IDFW LI \RX look at the history of the negotiations of the International &ULPLQDO &RXUW \RX Ă&#x20AC;QG WKDW D ORW RI 6WDWHV PDGH D ORW RI concessions to the United States in the expectation that they ZRXOG EHFRPH SDUW\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV SDUWLFLSDWHG DQG GLOXWHG D ORW RI WKH SURYLVLRQV $W WKH HQG RI WKH GD\ WKH\ MXVW VLJQHG QHYHU UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG 7KLV LV WKH DUURJDQFH RI WKLV NLQG RI SRZHU 7KLV LV ZKDW WKH\ GR LQ DOPRVW DOO LQWHUQDWLRQDO QHJRWLDWLRQV WKDW ,ÂˇYH EHHQ LQYROYHG LQ HQYLURQPHQW RQ EHKDOI RI WKH JRYHUQPHQW 7KH\ ZLOO FRPH WKHUH QRW EH SDUWLHV DQG WKHQ WKH\ GLOXWH DOO WKH SURYLVLRQV XQWLO WKHUH LV YHU\ OLWWOH OHIW YHU\ PLQLPDO SRVLWLRQ DQG WKHQ WKH\ GRQÂˇW VLJQ $QG WKHQ DV \RX ZLOO VHH WKH\ LPSRVH WKHLU ZLOO EXW WKDWÂˇV DQRWKHU VWRU\ IRU DQRWKHU GD\ , VXSSRVH 1RZ WKH LQWHUHVWLQJ WKLQJ LV XQGHU Article 12.2 of the Rome 6WDWXWH WKH ,&& FDQ H[HUFLVH MXULVGLFWLRQ RYHU DQ\ SHUVRQ ZKR LV D QDWLRQDO RI D VWDWH SDUW\ 25 ZKR KDV FRPPLWWHG D FULPH RQ WKH WHUULWRU\ RI D VWDWH SDUW\ :KDW GRHV WKLV PHDQ" That $IJKDQLVWDQ LV D SDUW\. It became a party on )HEUXDU\ 2003 ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW DOO WKHVH FULPHV WKDW DUH FRPPLWWHG RQ $IJKDQLVWDQ WHUULWRU\ E\ $PHULFDQV WKH\ DUH OLDEOH WR

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be charged they should be arrested and brought to the International Criminal Court by the Chief Prosecutor. 1RW RQO\ WKDW ,WÂ·V QRW MXVW WKH PLQLRQV QRW MXVW WKH XQGHUOLQJV RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV DQG VR RQ EXW ZKRHYHU DXWKRULVHV WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI acts on the territory of a State party to the ICC is liable under $UWLFOH $QG VR WKH 81 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO DQG WKH &KLHI Prosecutor has an obligation to charge these accused persons LI KH FDQ FROOHFW VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW HYLGHQFH DQG LQ WKDW UHJDUG ZH DUH SUHSDUHG WR KHOS ZH GRQÂ·W PLQG HYHQ EHLQJ GHVLJQDWHG DV FKLHI SURVHFXWRUV WKHUH :H FDQ GR ZKDW ZH WKLQN LV necessary. $QG VR ZH VDZ VHYHUDO ZLWQHVVHV DJDLQVW ZKRP WKLV ZDV GRQH 7KH\ ZHUH SLFNHG XS LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ :H KDYH 5KXKHO ZH KDYH 0RD]]DP %HJJ YHU\ FOHDU 7KH\ ZHUH SLFNHG XS LQ WKDW DUHQD DQG VXEMHFWHG WR WKLV NLQG RI WRUWXUH ZKLFK LV D YLRODWLRQ RI WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DQG WKHUHIRUH RSHQV %XVK Rumsfeld and so on.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Legal opinion is clear that such agreements go beyond the ICC Statute and would not be enforceable before the ICCâ&#x20AC;? $QG OHW PH VD\ ZKDW WKH WKHQ 81 6HFUHWDU\ *HQHUDO .RĂ&#x20AC; $QQDQ VDLG LQ WKH %%& 1HZV 7KLV LV ZKDW KH VD\V KH condemned â&#x20AC;&#x153;an exemption from prosecution for US troops on UN peacekeeping dutiesâ&#x20AC;? GHVFULELQJ WKLV DV RI â&#x20AC;&#x153;dubious judicial valueâ&#x20AC;?. 1RZ QH[W , FRPH WR WKH IDFW :KR LV SURWHFWHG E\ *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV" 1RZ ZK\ GR , UDLVH WKLV SRLQW" %HFDXVH WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV %XVK DQG KLV OHJDO DGYLVRUV DOO WKH DFFXVHG SHUVRQV KDYH VDLG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, there is only certain categories of people,â&#x20AC;? QRZ DQRWKHU TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HU XQLODWHUDO TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HU RQO\ FHUWDLQ NLQGV JURXSV RI SHRSOH DUH VXEMHFW WR WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ QRW HYHU\ERG\ $V ZH KDYH DW SDLQV SRLQW RXW *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ SURWHFWV DOO SHUVRQV ZKHWKHU WKH\ DUH FDSWXUHG RU VXUUHQGHUHG ZKHWKHU LQ XQLIRUP HYHQ LI WKH\ take no part in hostilities - the Convention provides a list of FDWHJRULHV RI SULVRQHUV RI ZDU LQ $UWLFOH ZKLFK , KDYH VHW RXW LQ P\ EXQGOH 6R LW DSSOLHV WR DOO WKRVH SLFNHG XS LQ EDWWOHĂ&#x20AC;HOGV LQ RU UHODWLQJ WR DQ RQ JRLQJ ZDU $QG ZH QRWH WKDW WKH ZDU LV FRQWLQXLQJ LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG ,UDT GHVSLWH WKH GHFODUDWLRQV RI ZLWKGUDZDO :KHQ \RX ORVH \RX PDNH DQ KRQRXU RI ZLWKGUDZLQJ 'RQÂˇW IRUJHW the â&#x20AC;&#x153;War on Terrorâ&#x20AC;? LV QRW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOO\ HQGHG ,WÂˇV D ZDU ,I LWÂˇV D ZDU WKHQ \RX DUH VXEMHFW WR WKLV WKHVH FRQYHQWLRQV *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ (YHQ LI \RXÂˇUH LQ GRXEW DV WR WKH VWDWXV RI D SHUVRQ \RX SLFN XS WKH &RQYHQWLRQ $UWLFOH VWDWHV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;such persons shall enjoy the protection of the Convention until such time as their status has been determined by a competent WULEXQDO Âˇ So even if you have a doubt - youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve picked up Moazaam %HJJ \RXÂˇYH SLFNHG XS -DPHHODK \RXÂˇUH QRW VXUH ZKDW WKHLU VWDWXV LV \RX FRQWLQXH WR SURYLGH WKHP ZLWK WKH SURWHFWLRQ DÍżRUGHG E\ WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ XQWLO VXFK WLPH DV D ODZIXOO\ FRPSHWHQW ODZIXOO\ FRQVWLWXWHG 7ULEXQDO PDNHV D Ă&#x20AC;UP GHFLVLRQ RWKHUZLVH 6R WKHUHÂˇV QR H[FXVH LQ RWKHU ZRUGV

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<RX FDQQRW WKHUHIRUH DYRLG WKH REOLJDWLRQ RI WKH *HQHYD Conventions by a deft re-labelling of the person as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;enemy FRPEDWDQWÂˇ ÂśGHWDLQHHÂˇ and ÂśWHUURULVWÂˇ. You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do that. You VLPSO\ FDQÂˇW XQGHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ

$QG \RX DOVR FDQQRW DV ,ÂˇYH HDUOLHU VDLG VD\ Â´2K , GRQÂˇW ZDQW to give him that treatment because if he captures me he will not give me that treatment - oh, these are Taliban, these are extremists, they will shoot me or they will hang me, so I am not obliged to do that.â&#x20AC;? %XW WKLV LV H[DFWO\ WKH NLQG RI UHDVRQLQJ Ă DZHG DJDLQVW LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ WKDW LV EHLQJ HPSOR\HG E\ WKH DFFXVHG ULJKW XS WR WKH IRUPHU 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV D ZDU FULPLQDO as decided by this Court. At page 34 IURP KLV RZQ ERRN â&#x20AC;&#x153;Decision Pointsâ&#x20AC;?, WKLV LV ZKDW KH VD\V

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;While our humane treatment of Guantanamo detainees was consistent with the Geneva Conventions, al Qaeda did not meet WKH TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV IRU *HQHYD SURWHFWLRQ DV D OHJDO PDWWHU 7KH purpose of Geneva was to provide incentives for nation-states WR Ă&#x20AC;JKW ZDUV E\ DQ DJUHHG VHW RI UXOHV WKDW SURWHFW KXPDQ dignity and innocent life - and to punish warriors who do not. But the terrorists did not represent a nation-state. They had not signed the Geneva Conventions. Their entire mode RI RSHUDWLRQ LQWHQWLRQDOO\ NLOOLQJ WKH LQQRFHQW GHĂ&#x20AC;HG WKH principles of Geneva. And if al Qaeda captured an American, WKHUH ZDV OLWWOH FKDQFH WKH\ ZRXOG WUHDW KLP KXPDQHO\ Âˇ 6R H[SHGLHQWO\ H[SUHVVO\ GHFODULQJ SULVRQHU DV $O 4DHGD DQG GHQ\LQJ WKHP WKH WUHDWPHQW $QG ZH VDZ 0RD]]DP %HJJ $O 4DHGD" +H ZDV UHOHDVHG 5KXKHO WKH \RXQJ ER\ ZKR ZHQW RQ D ODUN LQWR $IJKDQLVWDQ IRU D OLWWOH VPRNH WKDW ZDV SURKLELWHG LQ KLV RZQ KRPH FRXQWU\ $O 4DHGD" +H ZDV UHOHDVHG FRPSHQVDWHG -DPHHODK KHDG RI WKH FRRSHUDWLYH XQLRQ $O 4DHGD"

$QG HYHQ LI WKH\ ZHUH $O 4DHGD LW PDWWHUV QRW <RX KDYH WR accord that kind treatment - Geneva Convention - international ODZ QRW 86 %XVK ODZ 40

$QG ZKDW GLG WKH 86 6XSUHPH &RXUW GHFLVLRQ LQ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld VD\V" ,W VDLG H[DFWO\ WKLV SRLQW <RX ODEHO WKHP DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;enemy combatantâ&#x20AC;?, it does not take them out of the protection

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of the Geneva Conventions. This is the United Statesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Supreme &RXUW LWVHOI VD\LQJ 1RZ ZKDW GLG WKH\ GR" , FRPH WR WKH QH[W part.

7KH\ WKHQ PDGH D FRQWULYDQFH RI DOO NLQGV WR VD\ WR UHSXGLDWH WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV EHFDXVH WKH\ NQRZ WKH\ ZLOO EH OLDEOH XQGHU WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV 6R WKH EHVW WKLQJ LV WR VD\ Â´:K\ ZH GRQÂˇW KDYH WR IROORZ WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV Âľ And Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve VHW RXW KHUH WKDW HYHQ WKH PDQXDOV RI WKH 86 )%, DQG WKH $UP\ relating to the handling of prisoners during interrogation and FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW LQFRUSRUDWH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ FRQVWUDLQWV IRU H[DPSOH Army Field Manual 34-52: Intelligence Interrogation and Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve included it in my Bundle 3A.

6R WKH JRDO LV WR REWDLQ UHOLDEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWKRXW YLRODWLQJ OHJDOLW\ SULQFLSOHV $QG \HVWHUGD\ 0RD]]DP %HJJ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;I was prepared to sign anything because you say you are going to kill my wife.â&#x20AC;? :KR ZRQÂˇW ZDQW WR VDYH WKHLU ZLIH" -DPHHODK VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;I was prepared to do anything because you said you were going to shoot my daughter.â&#x20AC;? %HFDXVH WKH\ DUH DFFXVHG DQG WKHUH LV WKLV WKUHDW WR WKHLU LPPHGLDWH IDPLOLHV 6R ZKDW LV WKH YDOXH RI WKHVH NLQG RI FRQIHVVLRQV DQ\ZD\" %XW WKDWÂˇV DQRWKHU TXHVWLRQ %XW WKH &,$ PDQXDO GRHV QRW IROORZ WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV VWDQGDUG and Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll come to that later.

6R IURP 6HSWHPEHU WKHUH ZDV D GLVWLQFW PRYH WR DYRLG the obligations under the Torture Convention and the Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV 6R ZKDW WKH\ GLG" 7KH\ JRW OHJDO RSLQLRQV $OZD\V URSH LQ WKH ODZ\HUV ,Q 1D]L *HUPDQ\ \RX VDZ WKDW DV ZHOO WKH\ KDG $OVWRWWHU ZKR GUDIWHG WKH FLYLO DQG FULPLQDO ODZ FRGH WR DOORZ IRU H[WHUPLQDWLRQ IRU FRXUWV WR EH DEROLVKHG DQG VR RQ DQG VR IRUWK <RX FDQ JHW WKH ODZ\HUV 7KH ODZ\HUV VRPHWLPHV KDYH EHHQ GHVFULEHG VRPHWLPHV XQFKDULWDEO\ WKHLU PDLQ HWKLF LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;never refuse a green buck.â&#x20AC;?

$QG VR OHJDO RSLQLRQV ZHUH VROLFLWHG UHDGLO\ JLYHQ $QG WKHUH ZHUH D ODUJH QXPEHU SUROLIHUDWLRQ RI RSLQLRQV WR WKH 3UHVLGHQW WR 5XPVIHOG WKDW SUHVHQWHG VXVWDLQHG DUJXPHQWV LQ RQH ZD\ WKDW WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZHUH LQDSSOLFDEOH WR WKH SULVRQHUV 7KHVH RUGHUV ZHUH LQ IDFW DFWHG XSRQ ([HFXWLYH RUGHUV ZHUH LVVXHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKHVH RSLQLRQV 'LUHFWLYHV ZHUH LVVXHG $FWLRQ PHPRV ZHUH LVVXHG DV ZH VKDOO

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

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SUHVHQWO\ VKRZ 7KH\ ZHUH SDWHQWO\ WKH DGYLFH WKDW ZDV JLYHQ DQG WKH GLUHFWLYH WKDW IROORZHG Ă HZ LQ WKH IDFH RI WKH clear provisions of the Geneva Conventions and the Torture Convention.

$QG , KDYH VXPPDULVHG WKHVH OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG ([HFXWLYH 2UGHUV DW P\ SDJHV DQG , ZLOO EH UHIHUULQJ WR WKHP LQ GXH FRXUVH EXW OHWÂˇV MXVW ORRN DW WKH WDEOH 10

On the 25th RI 6HSWHPEHU $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV ZKR ZDV WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO KLV GHFLVLRQ $SSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ RQ 3ULVRQHUV RI :DU WR WKH &RQĂ LFW ZLWK $O 4DHGD DQG WKH 7DOLEDQ DQG KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;obsoleteâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;quaintâ&#x20AC;?.

7KHQ ZH KDG -RKQ <RR DQG 5REHUW 'HODEXQW\ DQG WKH\ VHQW a memorandum on 09th January 2002 DQG WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;You can ignore the Geneva Conventions when it comes to Al-Qaeda and Taliban detainees.â&#x20AC;? $QG *HRUJH : %XVK KDSSLO\ RQ th January RND\V WKLV PHPR DV GLG 'RQDOG 5XPVIHOG RQ WKH th January; and both those memorandums are included in the bundle.

And then on 22nd -DQXDU\ %\EHH VHQW D QRWH WR *RQ]DOHV DQG +D\QHV DQG WKHUH KH DGYLVHG KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;As regard Al-Qaeda and Taliban, armed forces may ignore the Geneva Convention.â&#x20AC;? 25

25th -DQXDU\ WKHQ WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO VHQGV WR WKH 3UHVLGHQW WKDW KH ÂśRND\ HGÂˇ WKLV PHPR ZKLFK VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;armed forces may ignore Geneva Conventions.â&#x20AC;? And George W. Bush ÂśRND\ HGÂˇ WKLV PHPR RQ th February 2002. 30

$QG -D\ %\EHH WR *RQ]DOHV th )HEUXDU\ ZLWK UHJDUG WR VWDWXV RI 7DOLEDQ IRUFHV KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taliban militia not protected by Geneva Convention - no need for tribunal to decide their status,â&#x20AC;? EHFDXVH WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI 6WDWH &ROLQ 3RZHOO KDG VDLG LQ D PHPR WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;You better have this established because of Article 5 that I referred to, you must have somebody decide their status,â&#x20AC;? he VDLG Â´1R QR QHHG WR GR DOO WKDW 'RQÂˇW ZRUU\ DERXW LW 7KH\ÂˇUH QRW protected by Geneva Convention.â&#x20AC;? $QG ,ÂˇYH DOVR LQFOXGHG IRU JRRG PHDVXUH WKLV 3DXO :ROIRZLW] ZKR ZDV WKH 'HSXW\ 'HIHQFH 6HFUHWDU\ WR 5XPVIHOG ZKR DOVR VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Article 3 of Geneva 3, Article 5 may be violated.â&#x20AC;? Paul

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:ROIRZLW] ZH NQRZ ZKDW KDSSHQHG WR KLP KH ZDV WR WKH :RUOG %DQN DQG KH KDG D PRUDO LVVXH 6R PXFK IRU KLP ,I \RX ORRN DW DOO WKHVH PHPRV WKHUH ZDV WKLV FRQVFLRXV DQG ZLOOIXO DFW LQWHQGHG QRW WR WUHDW WKH SULVRQHUV LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ 6R ZHÂˇOO H[DPLQH ZKR RI WKHVH DUH OLDEOH P\ SDUDJUDSK H DW 7KH VXJJHVWLRQ , MXVW UHDG out - â&#x20AC;&#x153;the treatment is humane and consistent with the Geneva Conventions.â&#x20AC;? ,I LW LV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZK\ DUH \RX PDNLQJ VXFK DQ HÍżRUW WKURXJK VR PDQ\ PHPRV WR HVWDEOLVK WKDW *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ GRHV QRW DSSO\" If your intention is to act consistently with the Geneva Convention, then act in accordance with Geneva Convention. 6R WKHVH DUH WKHVH FOHYHU IRUHQVLF PHFKDQLVPV WR VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, the *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ GRQÂˇW DSSO\ EXW QHYHU PLQG ZH DUH JRLQJ WR act consistently with Geneva Convention,â&#x20AC;? at the same time you KDYH WKLV ZKROH SDQRSO\ RI DGYLFH DQG DFWLRQ PHPRV WR VD\ they do not apply.

And Rumsfeld also issued action memos and other memos. +H DOVR VDLG WKH\ DUH WR EH DSSOLHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;humanely to the extent appropriate and consistent with military necessity.â&#x20AC;? 6R KH TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HV LQ KLV RZQ ZD\ %XW KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;humanely,â&#x20AC;? LQ KLV ERRN â&#x20AC;&#x153;Known and Unknown,â&#x20AC;? KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;humanely, yes, whatever it is, they have to be treated with humanity.â&#x20AC;? 6R WKHVH DUH WKH TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HUV WKDW WKH\ SXW IRUZDUG WR VKRZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;no war crime.â&#x20AC;? $QG QRZ OHWÂˇV ORRN DW :LOOLDP 7DIW :LOOLDP 7DIW ZDV WKH WRS OHJDO DGYLVRU DW WKH 6WDWH 'HSDUWPHQW WKDW LV &ROLQ 3RZHOOÂˇV WRS DGYLVRU :LOOLDP 7DIW ,9 /HWÂˇV VHH ZKDW KH VD\V LQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;These standard qualifiers unhinged those responsible for the treatment of detainees in Guantanamo from the legal guidelines for LQWHUURJDWLRQ RI GHWDLQHHV UHĂ HFWHG LQ WKH &RQYHQWLRQV DQG HPERGLHG in the Army Field Manual for decades. Set adrift in uncharted waters and under pressure from their leaders to develop information on the plans and practices of al Qaeda, it was predictable that those managing the interrogation would eventually go too far.â&#x20AC;?

7KLV LV ZKDW D WRS OHJDO DGYLVRU VD\V KLPVHOI $QG ZKR DUH ZH WR GLVSXWH WKLV +H SXWV LW LQ YHU\ FDXWLRXV ODQJXDJH â&#x20AC;&#x153;it

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was predictableâ&#x20AC;?. :KDW GR \RX H[SHFW ZKHQ \RX WHOO WKHP â&#x20AC;&#x153;Go ahead, these are the interrogation techniques. Apply what you can to JHW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW \RX ZDQW *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV GRQÂˇW DSSO\ GRQÂˇW ZRUU\ 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ GRQÂˇW DSSO\ XQOHVV \RX GLVUXSW KLV organs.â&#x20AC;? :KDW GR \RX H[SHFW" 6R WKLV LV D YRLFH IURP WKH LQVLGH WKDW \RX PXVW OLVWHQ WR YHU\ FDUHIXOO\ 6R ZH VD\ WKDW ZH KDYH SURYHG EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW WKLV ZDV JRLQJ WR EH WKH outcome of the detachment from the Geneva Conventions and 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ WKDW ZDV XUJHG E\ WKHVH PHPRUDQGXPV GLUHFWLYHV DQG DFWLRQV 7KH PRPHQW RQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO GD\ RI WKH %XVK DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ ZKLFK ZDV -DQXDU\ WKH IROORZLQJ GD\ -DQXDU\ GD\V VRUU\ DIWHU %XVK UHOLQTXLVKHG SRZHU %DUDFN 2EDPD FDPH LQ 2Q WKH VHFRQG GD\ KH UHSXGLDWHG DOO WKHVH H[HFXWLYH RUGHUV ZKLFK DXWKRULVHG 6R ZH KDYH QRW RQO\ &ROLQ 3RZHOOÂˇV OHJDO DGYLVRU EXW DOVR WKH SUHVHQW 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD VD\LQJ WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;these memos, we repudiate them,â&#x20AC;? 2 days DIWHU ,ÂˇP VXUH KH KDG VR PDQ\ RWKHU WKLQJV WR GR EXW WKLV became a very urgent matter because of the image that the 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ZDV SHUSHWUDWLQJ WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG VR FDOOHG â&#x20AC;&#x153;champions of human rights and democracyâ&#x20AC;? - very concerned that there is one dissident in China that Clinton has to go there to PDNH VSHHFKHV WR DOO WKH PHGLD 2QH SHUVRQ $QG KHUH SHRSOH PRVW RI WKHP UHOHDVHG $QG QRW D ZKLPSHU RI DSRORJ\ IURP WKHVH ZDU FULPLQDOV $QG WKLV LV ZKDW KH VDLG %DUDFN 2EDPD KH LVVXHG DQ ([HFXWLYH 2UGHU RQ -DQXDU\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV WKDW ÂśZKHQ FRQGXFWLQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQV 86 JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV employees and agents, â&#x20AC;&#x153;may not rely on any interpretation of the law governing interrogations issued by the department of Justice between September 11, 2001, and January 20, 2009â&#x20AC;? WKDW LV WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO GD\ RI WKH %XVK DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ DEVHQW IXUWKHU JXLGDQFH IURP WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO Âˇ That is so remarkable. :H KDYH RI FRXUVH LQ RXU PLGVW H[ 3ULPH 0LQLVWHU &DQ \RX LPDJLQH VD\LQJ WR \RXU FRXQWU\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;that whatever the Attorney-General said between here and here is rubbish, ignore it. Goes out of the window.â&#x20AC;?

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7KLV LV WKH FOHDUHVW LQGLFDWLRQ FOHDUHVW HYLGHQFH EH\RQG DQ\ GRXEW WKDW WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH YLRODWLQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ 6R WKHVH UHLQIRUFHV RXU VXEPLVVLRQ WKDW WKH SLHFHV RI PHPRUDQGXP KH VD\V $1< LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI WKH ODZ JRYHUQLQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQ LVVXHG E\ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI -XVWLFH WKLV LV -D\ 6FRWW %\EHH WKH th DFFXVHG -RKQ <RR :LOOLDP +D\QHV 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV DOO RI WKHVH SHRSOH WKHLU LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;rubbish.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV LV WKH 3UHVLGHQW Barack Obama.

6R GRQÂˇW WDNH P\ ZRUG IRU LW :H QHHG WR NQRZ ZKDW VSHFLILF SURYLVLRQ RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ KDV EHHQ EUHDFKHG ,Q P\ SDJHV RQZDUGV VHYHUDO SDJHV , ZLOO KLJKOLJKW VRPH RI WKH DVSHFWV :H PXVW SRLQW WR D SDUWLFXODU SURYLVLRQ WKDW KDV EHHQ YLRODWHG WKDW LV the prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s obligation. Â´,QĂ LFWLRQ RI FUXHO WUHDWPHQWÂľ - Article 3 <RX FDQQRW GR WKDW DQG ZH KDYH WKH HYLGHQFH

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Outrages upon personal dignityâ&#x20AC;? DVNLQJ SULVRQHUV WR EH QDNHG W\LQJ WKHP XS RQH RYHU WKH RWKHU DVNLQJ WKHP WR PDVWXUEDWH DQG VR RQ ZKLFK ZH VDZ \HVWHUGD\ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI Article 3. 25

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tortureâ&#x20AC;? - violation of Article 3. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Failure to protect prisoners from intimidationâ&#x20AC;? - Article 13. This ZDV VHFXULQJ FRQIHVVLRQV E\ FRHUFLYH PHDQV DV WKH\ WULHG WR do for all.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Use of weapons against prisonersâ&#x20AC;? - violation of Article 42. Â´&ORVH FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQWÂľ - in violation of Article 21. 35

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Inadequate heating, lightingâ&#x20AC;? - Article 25. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Habitual diet ignoredâ&#x20AC;? - Article 26. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Causing death of prisonersâ&#x20AC;? - Article 3.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mutilation of prisonersâ&#x20AC;? - Article 3 \RX NQRZ SOXFNLQJ RXW Ă&#x20AC;QJHUQDLOV ZLWK SOLHUV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Reckless endangerment of healthâ&#x20AC;?- Article 13.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Denial of medical careâ&#x20AC;? - Article 15. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Inadequate nutritionâ&#x20AC;? -Article 26. 10

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Inadequate recreational opportunityâ&#x20AC;? - Article 38 EHFDXVH KH ZDV VXEMHFW WR VROLWDU\ FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW Then transferring them to all these places - Article 12. ,QKXPDQH WUHDWPHQW ZKLOH WKH\ ZHUH WUDQVIHUULQJ WKHP 7KH\ ZHUH VKDFNOHG XS EOLQGIROGHG VXÍżRFDWHG DQG WKH\ ZHUH WUDQVSRUWHG IURP $IJKDQLVWDQ WR *XDQWDQDPR %D\ <RX NQRZ , WUDYHO WR 0RQWUHDO RQ EXVLQHVV FODVV DQG , DP WHUULEO\ DÍżHFWHG E\ WKDW ZKROH DQG ZH DOO DUH ZKHQ ZH KDYH WR WUDYHO VXFK KRXUV $QG WKDW LQ FRPIRUW $QG WKLV LV VKDFNOHG FKDLQHG IURP WKH ZDLVW OHJV PXÎ HG KRRGHG DQG WKHQ DUH FXWWLQJ LQWR \RXU ZULVWV VR PXFK VR WKDW 0RD]]DP %HJJ SOHDGHG IRU D VHGDWLYH $QG KH ZDV JLYHQ D VHGDWLYH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Failure to notify prisoners in advanceâ&#x20AC;?- Article 48.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Failure to allow prisoners to complainâ&#x20AC;? - Article 78. Â´&RQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW ZLWKRXW GD\OLJKWÂľ - Article 87. Moazzam Begg did QRW VHH GD\OLJKW IRU PRQWKV DV KH WROG XV 30

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Punishment exceeding 30 daysâ&#x20AC;? - Article 90.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Failure to try prisoners in a regularly constituted courtâ&#x20AC;?Article 3 1RZ WKLV LV YHU\ LQWHUHVWLQJ 7KH\ EURXJKW WKHP WR *XDQWDQDPR %D\ QRZ WKLV LV RQH RI WKH TXLUNV RI KLVWRU\ WKH\ ZHUH FKDVHG RXW RI &XED EXW WKH\ VWLOO PDLQWDLQ D OLWWOH SDUW RI &XED DQG FODLP WKDW WKLV LV WKHLUV EXW RWKHU FLWL]HQV FDQQRW WUDYHO WR DQ\ RWKHU SDUW RI &XED FDQQRW HYHQ WUDGH ZLWK WKHP %XW WKH\ KDYH D EDVH WKHUH DUP\ LV WKHUH 6R WKH\ WKRXJKW FOHYHU \RX NQRZ DJDLQ OHJDO FRQWULYDQFHV â&#x20AC;&#x153;If we do WKLQJV RXWVLGH RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LWÂˇV QRW VXEMHFW WR 86 &RXUWV Very simple.â&#x20AC;? 6R DOO WKH GXH SURFHVV \RX FDQQRW DUJXH DERXW

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that because the US has got a long history on that. But you ZDQW QHDU HQRXJK WR FRQWURO WKHP 6R ZKDW VKDOO ZH GR" $K Guantanamo. Very fast you can go there.

6R ZKDW GLG %XVK GR" )LUVW KH SXW WKHP LQ WKDW SODFH WKDW means theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not subject to US normal judicial tribunal. 7KHQ KH FDWHJRULVHG WKHP DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;enemy combatants.â&#x20AC;? He set up DG KRF PLOLWDU\ FRPPLVVLRQV E\ DQ ([HFXWLYH 2UGHU %XW WKH 86 6XSUHPH &RXUW WKLV ZDV FKDOOHQJHG LQ WKH FDVH RI Rasul v. %XVK VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;You can challenge charges before trial in the normal US Court.â&#x20AC;?

7KHQ %XVK DXWKRULVHG D V\VWHP WR GHWHUPLQH WKDW KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Okay, we will then set up military commissions. These military commissions will determine what the charges are and whether the charges are viable.â&#x20AC;? 7KH 86 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ DQRWKHU FDVH Hamdan v. Rumsfeld declared that this system and military commission violated Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention because that requires â&#x20AC;&#x153;proceedings in regularly constituted court.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKH &RXUW DOVR UXOH WKDW WKH ERG\ ZDV unconstitutional because only Congress can set up Tribunals like this. Then he got Congress to pass the Military Commissions Act ZKLFK DOORZV PLOLWDU\ FRPPLVVLRQV $QG ZKDW GLG %XVK GR WR FRXQWHUDFW" 7KH ,&5& VDLG WKDW WKHVH PLOLWDU\ FRPPLVVLRQV YLRODWHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ 7KH 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ Boumediane v. Bush LQYDOLGDWHG PXFK RI WKH 0LOLWDU\ &RPPLVVLRQV $FW DQG Rumsfeld has admitted in his memoir: So that is the failure to WU\ SHUVRQV LQ UHJXODUO\ FRQVWLWXWHG FRXUWV $OO WKH DWWHPSWV WKH FRQWULYDQFHV WKDW ZHUH EHLQJ PDGH WKH PDQLSXODWLRQV

$QG WKHQ ZH KDYH YLRODWLRQ RI Article 63 WR SXEOLFO\ VWDWH LQIRUP KRZ SULVRQHUV DUH WR EH treated;

not giving legal documents to prisoners - Article 77; PRUDO SK\VLFDO FRHUFLRQ WR LQGXFH DGPLVVLRQV RI JXLOW Article 99;

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failure to provide speedy trials - Article 103 of the Geneva Convention is violated. First prisoner arrived in Guantanamo 8QWLO \HDUV ODWHU QR RQH KDV EHHQ WULHG

And then all the other violations in violation of Article 105. $QG DEVROYLQJ OLDELOLW\ Article 130; they couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t complain to the UN - Article 78 ZDV YLRODWHG

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&DQ \RX LPDJLQH WKHVH ZHUH WKH SHRSOH ZKR SURVHFXWHG Jackson made some brilliant speeches in the Nuremberg trial LQ UHVSHFW RI WKH EUXWDOLW\ WKDW ZDV LQĂ LFWHG DQG KRZ WKLV EUXWDOLW\ PXVW EH DGGUHVVHG DQG SHRSOH FRQYLFWHG DQG KH JRW D FRQYLFWLRQ GHDWK VHQWHQFHV LQ PRVW FDVHV $QG WKRVH ZHUH WKH H[SHULPHQWV WKH\ WDONHG DERXW $QG KHUH ZH KDYH YHU\ FOHDU admission from inside the armed services committee report WKDW WKHVH H[SHULPHQWV ZHUH EHLQJ FDUULHG RXW WR WHVW WKH VWUHVV OHYHOV $QG WKDW LV ZKDW ZH FDQ ZK\ DOO WKHVH KDQJLQJ IURP WKHUH DQG VOHHS GHSUDYDWLRQ DQG WKHQ WHVWLQJ WHVWLQJ WHVWLQJ WKH OLPLWV DV WR KRZ WR WUHDW KXPDQ EHLQJV XQGHU VWUHVV IRU \RXU RZQ QHIDULRXV HQGV 7KHVH DUH WKHUHIRUH WKH OLVW RI WKH YDULRXV DUWLFOHV QXPHURXV DUWLFOHV WKHUH DUH PDQ\ PRUH , ZRQÂˇW ODERXU WKH SRLQW $QG QRZ ZH FRPH WR WKH SRLQW DV WR ZKR LV OLDEOH :KR LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU DOO WKLV" /LDELOLW\ LV QRW RQO\ WKRVH SHRSOH ZKR GR LW EXW WKRVH SHRSOH ZKR DFTXLHVFHG WKRVH ZKR GR LW , TXRWH WKH +RXVH RI /RUG DW SDJH

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SRSXODWLRQ DQG SULVRQHUV RI ZDU $QG <DPDVKLWD KDG ORVW DOPRVW DOO FRPPDQG FRQWURO DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQV RYHU KLV WURRSV ZKHQ WKH\ ZHUH FRPPLWWLQJ DOO WKLV 1RQHWKHOHVV WKH International Military Tribunal in Tokyo based on the doctrine of command responsibility held him liable and convicted KLP $QG LQWHUHVWLQJO\ WKLV GHFLVLRQ ZDV DÎ&#x20AC;UPHG E\ WKH 86 Supreme Court in Re Yamashita 86 . It held that E\ YLUWXH RI KLV SRVLWLRQ DV FRPPDQGHU RI WKH -DSDQHVH IRUFHV KH ZDV XQGHU DQ Â´DÎ&#x20AC;UPDWLYH GXW\ WR WDNH VXFK PHDVXUHV DV ZHUH within his power and appropriate in the circumstances to protect prisoners of war and the civilian population.â&#x20AC;? [Bundle S: 238 at 245]. So this is it. You have to take positive action. You cannot just VWDQG E\ DQG VD\ Â´$IWHU DOO LW ZDV WKH ,UDTL ZKR DUH FRQGXFWLQJ the interrogation through interpretation.â&#x20AC;? Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s like me holding RXU YHU\ KHOSIXO LQWHUSUHWHUV OLDEOH IRU ZKDWHYHU KDSSHQV IRU VRPHWKLQJ WKDW , VD\ ZKHQ WKH\ DUH PHUHO\ LQWHUSUHWLQJ WKH evidence that is being given. ,W IROORZV WKDW DQ\ SHUVRQ LQ DXWKRULW\ ZKR LVVXHV RUGHUV WKDW YLRODWH ZRXOG EH FXOSDEOH 7KLV PHDQV WKDW DOO WKRVH LQ the chain of command including from those at the bottom of WKH FKDLQ ULJKW XS WR LWV DSH[ ZLOO EH DFFRXQWDEOH 7KLV ZRXOG LQFOXGH Ă&#x20AC;HOG SHUVRQQHO ZKR DUH DW WKH ERWWRP ULJKW XS WR WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 7KH UHVW RI WKH FKDLQ LQ EHWZHHQ WKH DGPLUDOV WKH JHQHUDOV WKH WRS EUDVV ZKR UHFHLYHG DQG carried out the orders from the Secretary of Defense are also DFWXDOO\ OLDEOH DOWKRXJK ZH DUH RQO\ IRFXVLQJ RQ WKH OLDELOLW\ RI WKH DSH[ DQG WKHLU OHJDO DGYLVRUV

6R OHWÂˇV H[DPLQH QRZ KDYLQJ VKRZQ EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW the culpability of each of the key players. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take George %XVK $W SDJH 7KH FXOSDELOLW\ RI %XVK ZRXOG DULVH LI 35

Â&#x2021; +H LVVXHG RUGHUV DXWKRUL]LQJ WUHDWPHQW WKDW ZRXOG FRQVWLWXWH D ZDU FULPH Â&#x2021; +H LQWHQGHG WKHVH RUGHUV WR EH DFWHG XSRQ Â&#x2021; +H KDG NQRZOHGJH WKDW WKHVH RUGHUV ZHUH LQGHHG DFWHG upon; Â&#x2021; ,Q DQ\ HYHQW UHJDUGOHVV RI KLV RUGHUV KH NQHZ WKDW WKHUH ZHUH YLRODWLRQV RI WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DQG RU WKH Geneva Convention III and failed to intervene to prevent such activity.

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$QG ZH VD\ WKDW WKH WRWDOLW\ RI WKH HYLGHQFH HVWDEOLVKHV WKDW 3UHVLGHQW %XVK LVVXHG H[HFXWLYH RUGHUV WR FRPPLW ZDU FULPHV We must not forget that he is Commander-in-Chief of the US PLOLWDU\ OHDGV WKH FRQGXFW RI WKH ZDU LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG ,UDT

6R REYLRXVO\ DV &RPPDQGHU LQ &KLHI ZKHQ KH LVVXHV RUGHUV RU ZKHQ KLV 0LQVWHU RI 'HIHQFH LVVXHV WKH RUGHUV WKHVH RUGHUV DUH LQWHQGHG WR EH DFWHG XSRQ $QG KH UHFHLYHV UHSRUWV RI FRXUVH IURP WLPH WR WLPH ZH VHH IURP WKH YLGHR â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi,â&#x20AC;? he FRPHV HYHU\ QRZ DQG WKHQ WR WDON DERXW KRZ VXFFHVVIXOO\ WKH\ DUH ODXQFKLQJ KRZ VXFFHVVIXOO\ WKH\ KDYH GRQH WKLV DQG â&#x20AC;&#x153;mission accomplished,â&#x20AC;? and so on so forth. So he receives reports IURP EDWWOHĂ&#x20AC;HOGV DV ZHOO DV RWKHUV DQG KH GLG QRWKLQJ WR VWRS WKHVH ZDU FULPHV IURP EHLQJ FRPPLWWHG ,Q IDFW KH EDVHG KLV orders on legal opinions. He sought legal opinions. But this does not absolve him. The fact that a leader acts on the basis of advise does not exonerate him. All that is does is make those giving the advice equally culpable as he is. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s look at his memorandum on )HEUXDU\ . He GHFODUHG WKDW DO 4DHGD SULVRQHUV ZHUH RXWVLGH WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DV WKH\ ZHUH ÂśHQHP\ FRPEDWDQWV Âˇ QRW SULVRQHUV RI ZDU 7KLV ZDV D SUHOXGH KLV RUGHU WR subjecting them to torture and inhumane acts because his RUGHU VDLG WKDW WKH\ DUH QRW OLDEOH 7KLV LV WKH VLJQDO WKDW ZDV VHQW WR HYHU\RQH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV GRQÂˇW DSSO\ 6R LW ZDV this singular act that set in motion the use of aggressive and barbaric interrogation techniques in violation of international ODZV WKDW EDQ WRUWXUH FUXHO LQKXPDQ RU GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW RI SULVRQHUV DQG LW LV DOVR WKH VXPPDWLRQ RI WKH QDWXUH RI WKH DFWV E\ (OL]DEHWK +ROW]PDQ DW >%XQGOH $ 641-642]. $QG KH DOVR GHWDLQHG WKH SULVRQHUV LQ *XDQWDQDPR %D\ DW WKH 6RXWKHUQ WLS RI &XED :K\" +H ZDQWHG WR WDNH WKHP RXW RI WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH OHJDO V\VWHP $QG DQ DSSHOODWH 8. judge in the case of Abbasi v Secretary of State for Foreign and &RPPRQZHDOWK $ÍżDLUV > @ $OO (5 ' SDUD [Bundle $ @ GHVFULEHG WKLV DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;a legal black holeâ&#x20AC;?. Bushâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s order FUHDWHG WKLV DQG SODFHG WKLV GHWDLQHH LQ D OHJDO EODFN KROH ZKLFK PHDQV FRPSOHWH ODZOHVVQHVV WKLV LV WKH YLHZ RI WKH appellate court judge.

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7KH %ULWLVK $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO 3HWHU *ROGVPLWK KH DVNHG IRU the Guantanamo prison to be closed as â&#x20AC;&#x153;an unacceptable symbol of injusticeâ&#x20AC;?.

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PHPRLUV KH DGPLWV WR WKLV 6R KHÂˇV DEVHQW EXW ZH FDQ KHDU KLP WKURXJK KLV PHPRLUV 7KLV LV ZKDW KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;CIA experts drew up a list of interrogation techniques WKDW GLÍżHUHG IURP WKRVH =XED\GDK KDG VXFFHVVIXOO\ UHVLVWHG George assured me all interrogations would be performed by experienced intelligence professionals who had undergone extensive training. Medical personnel would be on-site to guarantee that the detainee was not physically or mentally harmed. At my direction, Department of Justice and CIA lawyers conducted a careful legal review. They concluded that the enhanced interrogation program complied with the Constitution and all applicable laws, including those that ban torture. I took a look at the list of techniques. There were two that I felt went too far, even if they were legal. I directed the CIA not to use them. Another technique was waterboarding, a process of simulated drowning. No doubt the procedure was tough, but medical experts assured the CIA that it did no lasting harm. I knew that an interrogation program this sensitive and controversial would one day become public. When it did, we would open ourselves up to criticism that America had compromised our moral values. I would have preferred that we get the information another way. But the choice between security and values was real. Had I not authorized waterboarding on senior al Qaeda leaders, I would have had to accept a greater risk that the country would be attacked. In the wake of 9/11, that was a risk I was unwilling to take. My most solemn responsibility as president was to protect the country.

I approved the use of the interrogation techniques. 7KH QHZ WHFKQLTXHV SURYHG KLJKO\ HÍżHFWLYH Âľ ...

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George Tenet asked if he had permission to use enhanced interrogation techniques, including water boarding, on Khalid 6KHLNK 0RKDPHG Âś'DPQ ULJKW Âˇ , VDLG

Of the hundreds of terrorists we captured in the years after 9/11, about a hundred were placed into the CIA program. About a third of those were questioned using enhanced techniques. Three were waterboarded.

So this is admission. Beyond reasonable doubt from the mouth RI WKH SHUVRQ ZKRP , ZRXOG KDYH ORYHG WR FURVV H[DPLQH RQ WKLV LI KH ZDV SUHVHQW 7KHVH VWDWHPHQWV DUH WKH FOHDUHVW admission of guilt that President Bush personally authorized LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV WKDW ZH VXEPLW YLRODWHG WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV ZHOO DV *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat or war, internal political instability or any RWKHU SXEOLF HPHUJHQF\ PD\ EH LQYRNHG DV D MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI torture.â&#x20AC;?

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But Hamdan v. Rumsfeld said that it applied to all Guantanamo GHWDLQHHV ZKHWKHU WKH\ ZHUH 7DOLEDQ RU $O 4DHGD GLG QRW PDNH DQ\ GLÍżHUHQFH 7KHLU ULJKWV FRXOG QRW EH YLRODWHG WKLV is the US Supreme Court saying that. And the Court also said that the system of military commissions instituted by Bush YLRODWHG WKH &RQYHQWLRQV ,ÂˇYH VHW LW RXW LQ ZKDW ZD\ WKH\ YLRODWHG WKH &RQYHQWLRQV DW SDJH F $ %ULWLVK MXGJH RI WKH +RXVH RI /RUGV ODEHOOHG WKH PLOLWDU\ FRPPLVVLRQ DQG WKH SURFHGXUHV â&#x20AC;&#x153;kangaroo courts.â&#x20AC;? So clear violation. And others have been outraged by the travesty of MXVWLFH +XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK ,ÂˇYH VHW LW RXW WKH ZKROH OLVW DW SDJH $PQHVW\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO WKH 86 1DWLRQDO $VVRFLDWLRQ RI &ULPLQDO 'HIHQVH /DZ\HUV WKH 81 +LJK &RPPLVVLRQHU IRU Human Rights - all say Military Commissions is a travesty of justice. And Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve summarised all their comments at my Bundle 3A. $QG RI FRXUVH WKH 86 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ +DPGDQ VDLG WKDW they violate the UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice) and WKH IRXU *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV $QG ZKDW GLG 3UHVLGHQW %XVK VDLG LQ KLV PHPRLUV" +H VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;I disagreed strongly with the &RXUWÂˇV GHFLVLRQÂľ S 6D\V WKH PDQ +LV RZQ DGPLVVLRQ RI JXLOW +H HYHQ UHIXVHV WR DFNQRZOHGJH WKH ZLVGRP WKH JXLGDQFH JLYHQ E\ KLV RZQ 6XSUHPH &RXUW $QG VR KH HPEDUNHG RQ D FRXUVH DIWHU +DPGDQ WR WU\ to reinstate the military tribunal system. And he said the $PHULFDQ SHRSOH â&#x20AC;&#x153;did not want Guantanamo detainees brought to the United States and tried in civilian courts with the same constitutional rights as common criminalsâ&#x20AC;? (Ibid. S 6R DJDLQ XVLQJ WKH VSHFWUH RI IHDU RI QDWLRQDO VHFXULW\ WKH KH DJDLQ embarked to enact the Military Commissions Act.

6R LQ P\ FRQFOXVLRQ ZLWK UHJDUG WR *HRUJH %XVK , VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Reject DOO KLV MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV 5HFRJQLVH KLV FRPPHQWV IRU ZKDW WKH\ DUH audacious disregard of international law.â&#x20AC;? $QG RQ WKDW EDVLV ZH pray that he be convicted as charged.

1RZ ZH FRPH WR Rumsfeld. He issued a Memorandum for &KDLUPDQ RI WKH -RLQW &KLHIV RI 6WDÍż GDWHG -DQXDU\ +H DSSURYHG WKH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ JLYHQ WR KLP E\ -RKQ <RR WK DFFXVHG

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and Robert Delabunty in a Memorandum they gave on 9 -DQXDU\ DQG WKLV PHPRUDQGXP VDLG WKDW WKH &,$ ZDV free to ignore the Geneva Conventions as they did not apply to suspected Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees.

7KHQ KH DSSURYHG DQ $FWLRQ 0HPR GDWHG 1RYHPEHU ZKLFK DWWDFKHG VKRUW GRFXPHQWV )LUVW ZDV D OHJDO RSLQLRQ ZULWWHQ E\ D 6WDÍ¿ -XGJH $GYRFDWH DW *XDQWDQDPR /W &RO 'LDQH %HDYHU GDWHG 2FW VWDWLQJ WKDW WKH PHPR RQ FRXQWHU UHVLVWDQFH VWUDWHJLHV GRHV QRW YLRODWH DSSOLFDEOH IHGHUDO ODZ 7KH VHFRQG GRFXPHQW WKDW ZDV DWWDFKHG ZDV D UHTXHVW IRU DSSURYDO RI WKH QHZ PHWKRGV RI LQWHUURJDWLQJ GHWDLQHHV IURP the Army head of interrogation at Guantanamo. The third GRFXPHQW ZDV D 0HPRUDQGXP GDWHG 2FW IURP WKH 'LUHFWRU RI ,QWHOOLJHQFH RI WKH *XDQWDQDPR -RLQW 7DVN )RUFH /W &RO -HUDOG 3KLIHU DGGUHVVHG WR WKH &RPPDQGHU -RLQW 7DVN )RUFH UHTXHVWLQJ IRU DSSURYDO RI WKH QHZ PHWKRGV RI LQWHUURJDWLQJ GHWDLQHHV 7KLV GRFXPHQW ZDV VHQW WR 5XPVIHOG E\ KLV &RXQVHO :LOOLDP +D\QHV E\ DQ Action memo dated 27 Nov 2002 seeking his approval of the interrogation techniques: [Bundle 3B: 995]. 6R WKHUH ZDV DOO WKHVH UHTXHVWV E\ YDULRXV SHRSOH DW YDULRXV levels seeking the approval by Rumsfeld to authorise enhanced interrogation techniques; and the document contained 3 categories of 18 techniques. Category II referred to 12 techniques aiming at humiliation and sensory deprivation. These included: stress positions (like standing for long hours XS WR IDOVLÃ&#x20AC;HG GRFXPHQWV VROLWDU\ FRQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW IRU XS WR GD\V GHSULYDWLRQ RI OLJKW KRRGLQJ GXULQJ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ KRRGLQJ GXULQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQ KRXU LQWHUURJDWLRQV UHPRYDO RI UHOLJLRXV DQG DOO RWKHU FRPIRUW LWHPV UHPRYDO RI FORWKLQJ IRUFHG VKDYLQJ DQG XVH RI LQGLYLGXDO SKRELDV OLNH IHDU RI GRJV WR LQGXFH VWUHVV

Category III techniques included: use of scenarios to convince WKH SULVRQHU WKDW GHDWK RU VHYHUH SDLQIXO FRQVHTXHQFHV ZHUH LPPLQHQW IRU KLP DQG RU WR KLV IDPLO\ H[SRVXUH WR FROG ZHDWKHU RU ZDWHU DQG WKH XVH RI D ZHW WRZHO DQG GULSSLQJ ZDWHU WR LQGXFH WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI VXÍ¿RFDWLRQ Â¶ZDWHUERDUGLQJÂ·

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7KHUH ZHUH WKHVH FDWHJRULHV DQG WKH\ GLG QRW VWDWH WKH OLPLWV IRU ZKLFK WKH\ FRXOG EH XVHG WKH\ GLG QRW SUHFOXGH WKH XVH RI WZR RU PRUH WHFKQLTXHV DW WKH VDPH WLPH WKH\ GLG QRW UHMHFW WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV QRU VWDWH WKDW WKH\ ZHUH H[FHVVLYH RU LOOHJDO or contrary to the Geneva Conventions. 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ +D\QHV DGYLVHG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;all Category III techniques may be legally availableâ&#x20AC;? though â&#x20AC;&#x153;as a matter of policy, a blanket approval of Category III techniques is not warranted at this timeâ&#x20AC;?. 1RU GLG WKH\ VWDWH WKDW WKH WHFKQLTXHV ZHQW DJDLQVW ORQJ VWDQGLQJ 86 PLOLWDU\ SUDFWLFH DQG ZHQW IDU EH\RQG ZKDW WKH 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DOORZHG 7KLV $UP\ 0DQXDO DSSOLHV WR 0LQLVWU\ RI 'HIHQFH DQG 5XPVIHOG LV WKH 0LQLVWHU RI 'HIHQFH $QG ZKDW GLG 5XPVIHOG GR" He approved the Action Memo by signing on it. And he added LQ KLV RZQ KDQGZULWLQJ EHFDXVH KHUH WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Asking for permission to punish them by making them stand for long hours, up to 4,â&#x20AC;? DQG KH ZURWH LQ KLV RZQ KDQGZULWLQJ ZKLFK KDV EHFRPH YHU\ IDPRXV â&#x20AC;&#x153;I stand for 8-10 hours a day. Why is standing limited to 4 hours?â&#x20AC;? $QG \RX VDZ LQ WKH YLGHR \HVWHUGD\ WKDWÂˇV WKH YDOXH RI WKH YLGHR ZH VDZ KLP LQ KLV RÎ&#x20AC;FH VWDQGLQJ LQ D QLFH EHDXWLIXO RÎ&#x20AC;FH +H VWDQGV WKHUH IRU KRXUV DVLGH IURP WKH IDFW WKDW WKLV GRHVQÂˇW VRXQG FUHGLEOH EXW QHYHU PLQG DERXW WKDW KHÂˇV VLWWLQJ LQ D QLFH FRPIRUWDEOH RÎ&#x20AC;FH DQG KHÂˇV FRPSDULQJ WKDW WR WKH LPDJHV WKDW ZH VDZ RI WKRVH GHWDLQHH RQ ER[HV KDQGV RXW VWDQGLQJ IRU ORQJ GXUDWLRQV 7KLV LV WKH QDWXUH RI WKH EHDVW LQ DXWKRULVLQJ WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV +H UHJUHWV QRZ LQ KLV PHPRLUV he regrets having scribbled this comment because it has been LQWHUSUHWHG DV VD\LQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why only 4, should extend it.â&#x20AC;? But he VDLG Â´1R QR QR , GLGQÂˇW PHDQ LW WKDW ZD\ Âľ <RX NQRZ 0LQLVWHU RI 'HIHQFH VD\LQJ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why only 4 hours, I stand 8 hours.â&#x20AC;? What is WKH VLJQDO WKDW LV VHQW WR SHRSOH GRZQ WKH OLQH" +H VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;No no no. All I meant I was just saying a fact because I stand 8-10 hours LQ P\ RÎ&#x20AC;FH 7KDWÂˇV DOO , VD\ Âľ

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7KLV PHPR ZDV WUDQVPLWWHG Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ WR 0DMRU *HQHUDO *HRÍżUH\ 0LOOHU ZKR WRRN RYHU DV &RPPDQGHU RI WKH -RLQW 7DVN )RUFH DW Guantanamo. Guantanamo received the memo on Dec 2 2002 DQG WKLV ZDV ZKDW PDUNHG D QHZ DQG PRUH DJJUHVVLYH SKDVH of interrogation techniques and an even clearer and more decisive violation of Geneva Convention III and the Torture Convention. :KHQ D 0LQLVWHU RI 'HIHQFH VHQGV D 0HPR OLNH WKLV ZKDW GR \RX H[SHFW" ,W ZHQW ULJKW GRZQ WKURXJK WKH FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG ULJKW GRZQ WR WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV ZKR ZHUH FRQGXFWLQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQV DQG WKDW LV ZKDW WKH HYLGHQFH ZKDW DOO DERXW WKDW ZH VDZ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV 6R ZH VHH WKH FOHDUHVW FRPPDQG UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WKDW ZDV EHLQJ LPSOHPHQWHG DW WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG OHYHO $QG \RX NQRZ ZKDW KH VD\V" +H QRZ ZDQWV WR MXVWLI\ WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ PHWKRGV ,Q KLV PHPRLU ZKLFK , KDYH SODFHG in Supplementary Bundle (Memoir: 580) [Bundle S: 230 at p. @ KH VD\V

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Any technique that is legal and humane on its own could conceivably be applied in ways that are not legal and not humane ...â&#x20AC;? 25

The title of his book is â&#x20AC;&#x153;Known and Unknown.â&#x20AC;? I think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s YHU\ DSSURSULDWH , GRQÂˇW NQRZ ZKDW LV NQRZQ DQG XQNQRZQ in this. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Any technique that is legal and humane on its own could conceivably be applied in ways that are not legal and not humane, if, for example, it is done repeatedly, over long periods of time or used in inappropriate combination with other techniquesâ&#x20AC;?.

%XW KLV RZQ PHPR WKDW KH DSSURYHG GLG QRW VWDWH WKH WLPH OLPLW GLG QRW SUHFOXGH WKH XVH RI WZR RU PRUH WHFKQLTXHV GLG QRW UHMHFW DQ\ RI WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV QRU VWDWH WKDW WKH\ ZHUH

6R E\ KLV RZQ ZRUGV KHÂˇV FRQGHPQHG KLPVHOI EHFDXVH KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even if these are legal and humane, they can be applied depending on the way in which they are used,â&#x20AC;? and he never placed WKRVH OLPLWV ,Q IDFW KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Why only standing only 4 hours?

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&ÂˇPRQ EH UHDOLVWLF , VWDQG VR WKH\ PXVW EH VWDUWLQJ RÍż with 11.â&#x20AC;? Then he contradicts himself. He goes on to state that the WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH RQO\ LQWHQGHG IRU XVH DJDLQVW RQH LQGLYLGXDO Muhammed al-Qahtani. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Any proposals to use these methods on others would have to come back up the chain of command for review.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV VHHPV FOHDUO\ WR EH DQ H[ SRVW IDFWR UDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ DQG LI , FRXOG VD\ VR ZLWK UHVSHFW D EDOG IDFHG XQWUXWK ,W LV D OLH %HFDXVH DV ZH VDZ WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH DSSOLHG WR WKH SURVHFXWLRQ ZLWQHVVHV $QG HYHQ DV DJDLQVW WKLV RQH LQGLYLGXDO 0XKDPPHG DO 4DKWDQL WKH\ RQO\ DXWKRULVHG LW IRU 0XKDPPHG DO 4DKWDQL because he is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;high value detaineeâ&#x20AC;? - even as against this RQH LQGLYLGXDO LQ WKH IDFH RI WKH RYHUZKHOPLQJ HYLGHQFH RI WRUWXUH 5XPVIHOG VD\V 0HPRLU S >%XQGOH 6 DW S @ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Some two and half years later, I learned what had happened to Qahtani during his interrogation. I was surprised and troubled. Some of what took place sounded to me as if the interrogation plan may have gone beyond the techniques I had approved. They may not have been in keeping with the intent of my January 2002 order that all detainees were to be treated humanely.â&#x20AC;? 6R WKLV LV KLV GHIHQFH &UHGLEOH" , OHDYH LW WR <RXU +RQRXUV WR decide.

%XW LW FRQWUDGLFWV RWKHU FUHGLEOH HYLGHQFH 1RZ WKHUH LV D GHFODUDWLRQ Ă&#x20AC;OHG E\ *LWDQMDOL ZKR ZDV WKH ODZ\HU RQ -DQXDU\ >%XQGOH 6 @ 1RZ *LWDQMDOL UHSUHVHQWV 4DKWDQL DQG he made that declaration in support of Muhammed al-Qahtani. $QG WKLV LV ZKDW KH VD\V WKLV LV D VZRUQ VWDWHPHQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rumsfeld called General James T. Hill, Commander of the 6RXWKHUQ &RPPDQG WR VSHDN DERXW DO 4DKWDQLÂˇV LQWHUURJDWLRQ and its progress. General Hill, in turn, spoke with Major General Miller, and remembers Miller, saying that â&#x20AC;&#x153;[w]e think ZHÂˇUH ULJKW RQ WKH YHUJH RI PDNLQJ D EUHDNWKURXJK Âľ 0DMRU General Miller recommended that the harsh interrogation

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techniques continue and General Hill provided this information to Secretary Rumsfeld.â&#x20AC;?

7KDWÂˇV \RXU Ă&#x20AC;UVW FRUURERUDWLRQ 5

7KHQ D 'HFHPEHU $UP\ ,QVSHFWRU *HQHUDO 5HSRUW FRQFHUQLQJ 0U DO 4DKWDQLÂˇV LQWHUURJDWLRQ WKH Schmidt Report also describes the involvement of Secretary Rumsfeld and Major General Miller in Mr. al-Qahtaniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interrogation during late 2002 and early 2003 [Bundle S: 283 at 288]. The Schmidt 5HSRUW FRQWDLQV D VZRUQ VWDWHPHQW E\ /LHXWHQDQW *HQHUDO /W *HQ 5DQGDOO 0 6FKPLGW WKDW 6HFUHWDU\ 5XPVIHOG ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;personally involvedâ&#x20AC;? in the interrogation of Mr. al-Qahtani and spoke â&#x20AC;&#x153;weeklyâ&#x20AC;? ZLWK 0DMRU *HQHUDO 0LOOHU GXULQJ WKH interrogations. 6R 5XPVIHOG NQHZ RU VKRXOG KDYH NQRZQ RI WKH DEXVHV DQG WRUWXUH DW WKH YDULRXV FHQWUHV ,Q IDFW KH ZDV SHUVRQDOO\ ZDUQHG E\ +XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK DW SDJH >%XQGOH % @ JLYHV HYLGHQFH RI WKDW IDFW +LV GHSDUWPHQW ZDV DOVR UHSHDWHGO\ ZDUQHG RI WKH DEXVH RI GHWDLQHHV E\ WKH International Committee of the Red Cross [Bundle 3B: 1666]. ,Q DQ\ HYHQW WKH ZKROH ZRUOG NQHZ DERXW LW 7KHUH ZDV DOVR VXEVWDQWLDO SXEOLF LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH DEXVHV LW ZDV LQ WKH public domain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rosecutor v Blaskic, WKH RUGHU ZDV JLYHQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;with the awareness of the substantial likelihood that a crime will be committed in the execution of that order.â&#x20AC;?

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323

Further evidence is provided of the direct involvement of WKHVH WRS HFKHORQV LQ :DVKLQJWRQ LI \RX ORRN DW WKH VHTXHQFH of events - Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve set it out at my page 58(o).

7KH SHUVRQ ZKR UDQ *XDQWDQDPR DW WKDW WLPH DQG UDQ WKH PLOLWDU\ LQWHUURJDWLRQV ZDV 0DMRU *HQHUDO 0LFKDHO 'XQODYH\ +H FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV WKDW WKHUH ZDV D GLUHFW OLQN EHWZHHQ the formulation of the 18 techniques at Guantanamo and :DVKLQJWRQ $QG KH LV TXRWHG DV VD\LQJ WKDW GXULQJ WKH ZKROH SHULRG WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH EHLQJ GLVFXVVHG DQG IRUPXODWHG 5XPVIHOG ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;directly and regularly involved.â&#x20AC;? And this is the head of military interrogations at Guantanamo. What clearer HYLGHQFH FDQ \RX KDYH"

5XPVIHOG LV KH UHVSRQVLEOH WKHQ" ,Q KLV PHPRLU KH DGPLWV WKDW WKHVH HYHQWV WKH WRUWXUH H[SRVXUH DW $EX *KUDLE IRU H[DPSOH DOO WKRVH WKDW ZHUH VKRZQ LQ WKH YLGHR \HVWHUGD\ KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;occurred on my watch. As Secretary of Defense I am accountable for them. I take full responsibility.â&#x20AC;?

%XW WLOO WRGD\ ZKHUH LV WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WKDW LV WDNHQ" 7KLV LV HPSW\ UKHWRULF WR UDWLRQDOLVH ZKDW FDQQRW EH UDWLRQDOLVHG 7R reconcile the irreconcilable. And this is the same testimony WKDW KH JDYH WR WKH $UPHG 6HUYLFHV &RPPLWWHH ZKLFK ,ÂˇYH VHW out in my Bundle. $IWHU -DQXDU\ 5XPVIHOG DFWHG WR UHVWRUH VRPH VHPEODQFH RI ODZIXOQHVV 6R ZKDW KH GLG" +H JRW D ZRUNLQJ JURXS JRLQJ DQG KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Please look at these interrogation techniques,â&#x20AC;? and this group published its report and they SURSRVHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DQG WZR ZHHNV ODWHU Rumsfeld approved 24 of them. %XW DJDLQ WKH UHSRUW LV EDVHG RQ D Ă DZHG 2Î&#x20AC;FH RI /HJDO Counsel memorandum of Yoo and Delabunty that Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV GRQÂˇW DSSO\ DQG 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ VD\V WKHUHÂˇV D WKUHVKROG OHYHO 6R WKH IUXLW RI WKH SRLVRQHG WUHH LV SRLVRQ :KDW MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ GR \RX ZDQW" :KRP GR \RX ZDQW WR IHHG WKLV IUXLW WR" 7KHUH ZLOO EH SRLVRQ %XW HYHQ WKHQ HYHQ LQ WKH OLJKW RI SUHVVXUH KH ZLWKGUHZ WKH IXQGDPHQWDO UXOHV GLG QRW change.

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7KH ORJLF RI WKH PHPRV IURP WKH $*ÂˇV RÎ&#x20AC;FH WKH 7RUWXUH 0HPRV %\EHH DQG <RRÂˇV WKH WK DQG WK DFFXVHG DQG DQRWKHU <RR PHPR RI 0DUFK WKH\ UHPDLQHG LQ HÍżHFW IRU RYHU a year until the Abu Ghraib caused them to be suspended. Congress did not legislate to prohibit such treatment of *XDQWDQDPR GHWDLQHHV XQWLO 'HFHPEHU ZKHQ DOO 'HSDUWPHQW RI 'HIHQVH LQWHUURJDWLRQV ZHUH UHTXLUHG WR FRPSO\ ZLWK )0

7KLV LV 'HIHQFH >'HSDUWPHQW@ LQWHUURJDWLRQ EXW WKH &,$ KDV QR such limitation - must not forget. So they are acting in concert. :H KHDUG WKH WHVWLPRQ\ VRPHWLPHV WKH\ ZHUH FLYLOLDQV VRPHWLPHV WKH\ ZHUH ZHDULQJ )%, FDSV VRPHWLPHV WKH\ ZHUH in military uniform.

$OWKRXJK WKH *HQHYD UXOHV ZHUH EHLQJ WUHDWHG DV DSSOLFDEOH EHFDXVH RI WKH QDWXUH RI WKH FRQĂ LFW LQ ,UDT â&#x20AC;&#x153;that did not stop General Sanchez from authorizing techniques that were not listed in FM 34-52, that plainly violated Geneva and that were included in the Haynes memo, including environmental manipulation (temperature adjustment), the presence of military dogs, sleep management,â&#x20AC;? and so on. $QG ZH KDYH WKH Schlesinger Report of August 2004 WKDW ZDV VHW XS WR ORRN LQWR WKH DEXVHV (YHQ WKH\ FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH HQWLUH 3HQWDJRQ FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG LQFOXGLQJ 5XPVIHOG ZDV responsible for the torture and abuses at Abu Ghraib. We also have the Report of the Commission on Human Rights interrogation techniques authorized by the Department of 'HIHQVH SDUWLFXODUO\ LI XVHG VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ DPRXQWHG WR degrading treatment in violation of Article 7 of the International &RYHQDQW RQ &LYLO DQG 3ROLWLFDO 5LJKWV ,&&35 DV ZHOO DV D violation of the Torture Convention.

7KHQ ZH KDYH WKH 7DJXED ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ VHW XS E\ &RDOLWLRQ Forces Land Component Command. And they described the infliction on detainees at Abu Ghraib as Â´V\VWHPLF Âľ So LW ZDV QRW DQ RFFDVLRQDO DFW WKDW LV FDUULHG RXW E\ DQ RYHU HQWKXVLDVWLF RÎ&#x20AC;FHU 7KH\ ZHUH V\VWHPLF $QG ZH VDZ \HVWHUGD\ WKRVH JX\V ZKR ZHUH FRXUW PDUWLDO HG WKH\ GLGQÂˇW NQRZ ZKDW KLW WKHP EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH WROG WR SURFHHG WR JHW

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7KHQ WKH ,&5& UHSRUW WKH\ VDLG WKDW WKH ZLGHVSUHDG Â´XVH RI ill treatmentâ&#x20AC;? could be considered a practice tolerated by the FRDOLWLRQ IRUFHV EHFDXVH LW FRQWLQXHG DIWHU WKH ,&5& ZDUQHG 86 PLOLWDU\ DQG JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV 7KLV LV WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLWWHH RI WKH 5HG &URVV DQG WKH\ KDYH D VWDWXV LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ 7KH\ DUH WKH RQO\ RQHV ZKR DUH DOORZHG WKH\ DUH JLYHQ D OHJDO VWDWXV LQ WKH FRQYHQWLRQV ,Q IDFW DV ZDV VXEPLWWHG \RX KDYH WR UHSRUW WR WKHP RI WKH IDFW WKDW \RX KDYH GHWDLQHG SHRSOH DQG WKH\ DUH DOORZHG DFFHVV WR WKH prison.

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,Q WKH ZRUGV RI *RQ]DOHV WR JLYH WKH &,$ Â´Ă H[LELOLW\Âľ in LQWHUURJDWLRQV :KDW LV WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKDW" 7KH ULJKW WR DSSO\ DQ\ WHFKQLTXH LQ DQ\ ZKLFK ZD\ WKH\ ZDQW 7KLV LV LQ WKH PHPR KH KDV DGGUHVVHG WR %XVK ZKLFK %XVK QHYHU UHSXGLDWH 2Q 0DUFK 3UHVLGHQW %XVK YHWRHG D ELOO WKDW ZRXOG KDYH rendered illegal the use by the CIA of any of the interrogation WHFKQLTXHV VHW RXW LQ WKH +D\QHV ÂśWRUWXUH WHFKQLTXHVÂˇ PHPR WKDW ZDV DSSURYHG E\ 5XPVIHOG 6R ZKDW DUH WKH GHIHQFHV" 7KH\ VD\ RI FRXUVH Â´No need to apply.â&#x20AC;? 7KHQ WKH\ VD\ Â´7KHUH ZDV QR FRQQHFW EHWZHHQ WKH techniques employed and the legal opinion justifying these WHFKQLTXHV Âľ 7KLV , ZLOO H[SORUH ODWHU EHFDXVH WKLV Ă&#x20AC;[HV ODZ\HUV ZLWK OLDELOLW\ ,Q DQ\ HYHQW WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;mild techniques were employed and these did not violate the Conventions.â&#x20AC;?

We have already noted that these defences do not apply Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the Human Rights Watch report ... and VR

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DOO WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV WKHUH LV QR EDVLV 5XPVIHOG DSSURYHG WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;secret access programme,â&#x20AC;? I note that in my page 61. 2Q WKH EDVLV RI WKH UHSRUW E\ WKH :RUNLQJ *URXS KH UHOD[HG WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RI ÂśWRUWXUHÂˇ DQG DW SDJH , PDNH LW FOHDU WKDW 5XPVIHOG HVWDEOLVKHG WKH ÂśDJJUHVVLYHÂˇ WRUWXUH WHFKQLTXHV SURJUDPPH DXWKRULVHG WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV FUHDWHG DQ environment that promoted torture and inhumane acts by VHQGLQJ DQ XQHTXLYRFDO VLJQDO GHPDQGLQJ ÂśPRUH DFWLRQDEOHÂˇ LQWHOOLJHQFH DQG IDLOHG WR SUHYHQW RU SXQLVK DFWV RI WRUWXUH and other violations. ,WÂˇV YHU\ VWUDQJH <RX NQRZ ZKDW 5XPVIHOG VDLG +DPGDQ VDLG LQ KLV ERRN .QRZQ DQG 8QNQRZQ +H IRXQG WKH UXOLQJ RI KLV RZQ 6XSUHPH &RXUW WKDW *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DSSOLHG KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;This argument is very strange and very novel reasoning.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKHQ ZKHQ %oumediane v Bush 3UHVLGHQW %XVK VHW XS 0LOLWDU\ &RPPLVVLRQV $FW WR FRXQWHUDFW WKH HÍżHFW RI +DPGDQ EHFDXVH +DPGDQ KDG LQYDOLGDWHG PLOLWDU\ FRPPLVVLRQV V\VWHP DQG WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ %RXPHGLDQH Y %XVK VDLG Â´<RX FDQÂˇW do that,Âľ DQG WKH\ UROOHG EDFN PXFK RI WKDW DPHQGPHQW KH DOVR VDLG WKDW KH GRHV QRW DJUHH ZLWK WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW GHFLVLRQ KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;This is unacceptable decision,â&#x20AC;? RU ZRUGV WR WKDW HÍżHFW +HÂˇV XQKDSS\ ZLWK WKDW GHFLVLRQ

6R ZH VD\ RQ WKH VXP WRWDOLW\ RI WKLV HYLGHQFH ZH KDYH VKRZQ beyond reasonable doubt that Rumsfeld should be convicted as charged. 30

7KHQ ZH FRPH WR Richard Bruce Cheney. Very short one on WKDW +H ZDV WKH 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW +H NQHZ HYHU\WKLQJ WKDW ZDV JRLQJ RQ $QG /DZUHQFH :LONHUVRQ WKH &KLHI RI 6WDÍż RI &ROLQ 3RZHOO WKH WKHQ 6HFUHWDU\ RI 6WDWH KDV ZULWWHQ 35

â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is enough evidence for a soldier of long service, someone like me with 31 years in the Army to know that what started with John Yoo, David Addington, Alberto Gonzales, William Haynes at the Pentagon, and several others, all under the watchful and willing eye of the Vice President, went down through the Secretary of Defense to the commanders in the

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327

Ă&#x20AC;HOG DQG FUHDWHG WZR VHSDUDWH SUHVVXUHV WKDW UHVXOWHG LQ WKH violation of longstanding practice and law.â&#x20AC;? Cheney also played a key role in opposing the amendment proposed by Senator John McCain to pass an amendment to the 2006 National Defense Authorisation Bill to prohibit â&#x20AC;&#x153;cruel, inhuman and degradingâ&#x20AC;? treatment of detainees in US military custody. ,I <RXU +RQRXUV ZLOO DOORZ LW LV RQO\ D VKRUW PLQXWHV YLGHR of Dick Cheney responding to this particular point. Cameras roll. 7KLV LV WKH SUREOHP PRGHUQ WHFKQRORJ\

[video of Dick Cheney]

Womanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s voice: ... Dick Cheneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 576-page, Â¸0U 4` ;PTL! ( 7LYZVUHS HUK 7VSP[PJHS 4LTVPY Âš Cheneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s begun a publicity blitz to promote his new book with a string of TV appearances scheduled on FOX News Channel, as well as C-SPAN and the major networks. He appears on the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Today Showâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; this morning, this is an excerpt of of his pre-taped interview with Cheney that aired last night on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;NBC News: Datelineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Interviewer:

Should we still be waterboarding terror suspects?

Cheney:

I would strongly support using it again if we had a high-value detainee if that was the only way we could get him to talk.

Interviewer:

People call it torture. You think it should still be a tool?

Cheney:

Yes.

Interviewer:

Secret prisons?

Cheney:

Yes.

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

328

Interviewer:

Wire-tapping?

Cheney:

Well, with the right approval.

Interviewer:

You say it is one of the things you are proudest of and you would do it again in a heartbeat.

Cheney:

It was controversial at the time. It was the right thing to do.

Interviewer:

No apologies?

Cheney:

No apologies.

Womanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s voice: That was Dick Cheney speaking to Janey Dangle on NBC Dateline. Cheney says his memoir is loaded with ...

>(QG RI YLGHR 'LFN &KHQH\@ 20

Gurdial Singh Nijar: 1H[W WULDO ZHÂˇOO GR LW EHWWHU 6R KHUH \RX KDYH LW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yes, yes, yes, no apologies, I will do it again.â&#x20AC;? This is the clearest admission. And this talks about high-security detainees. Moazzam Begg ZDV SXW LQ &DPS ; DV D â&#x20AC;&#x153;high value detaineeâ&#x20AC;?. And the other ZLWQHVV WKDW ZH KDG KDG WKH ZRUGV SXW DFURVV KLV IRUHKHDG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Big Fish,â&#x20AC;? PHDQLQJ KLJK YDOXH GHWDLQHH 7KHVH ZHUH WKH SHRSOH WKH\ FDOOHG KLJK YDOXH GHWDLQHHV PHPEHUV RI WKH SDQHO $QG WKH\ ZHUH QHYHU FKDUJHG ,Q IDFW WKH\ ZHUH UHOHDVHG 6R WKLV LV WKH EOXÍż WKDW ZH KDYH WR FDOO 7KLV LV WKH FOHDUHVW DGPLVVLRQ RI guilt. They didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t care a damn. 7KLV FRQFOXGHV ZLWK UHJDUGV WR WKH OLDELOLW\ &KHQH\ DQG ZH pray that he be convicted as charged.

... Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

*****

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

09 May 2012 - Session 2

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: 0D\ LW SOHDVH <RXU +RQRXUV , DP QRZ DW WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO SDUW RI P\ VXEPLVVLRQ 7KLV LV ZLWK UHJDUG WR OLDELOLW\ RI ODZ\HUV WKH ODZ\HU WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK WKH 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW ODZ\HU WR WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQFH WKH WZR ODZ\HUV IURP WKH $WWRUQH\ Generalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chambers.

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Geneva Conventions did not apply WKHUH ZDV LQ DQ\ HYHQW QR ÂśWRUWXUHÂˇ ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ of the Torture Convention FHUWDLQ LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH SHUPLVVLEOH

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1RZ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SRLQW , ZDQW WR PDNH LV 7KLV DGYLVH ZDV FOHDUO\ Ă DZHG LW ZDV ZURQJ LQ ODZ DQG PDQLIHVWO\ VR $QG ZKR VD\V VR"

)LUVW WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, ZKHUH 6XSUHPH &RXUW MXGJH $UWKXU .HQQHG\ - DQG RWKHU MXGJHV PDGH FOHDU â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;(V)iolations of Common Article 3 are considered â&#x20AC;&#x153;war FULPHVÂľ Âˇ This is the Supreme Court saying that. Completely contrary to the advise given.

:KR HOVH VDLG WKDW" 7KH ODZ\HU WR WKH 1DY\ $OEHUW 0RUD KH ZDV IHDWXUHG RQ WKH YLGHR \HVWHUGD\ KH ZURWH D PHPRUDQGXP WR WKH ,QVSHFWRU *HQHUDO 'HSDUWPHQW RI WKH 1DY\ DQG WKDW LV LQ P\ %XQGOH LQGLFDWHG SDJH E :KDW GLG KH VD\" +H GHVFULEHG WKH memorandum of John Yoo and Delahunty as a piece of Â´Ă DZHG legal analysisâ&#x20AC;?. :KR HOVH VD\V WKDW" 7KLV YLHZ KDV EHHQ HFKRHG E\ VHYHUDO UHVSHFWHG OHJDO commentators and academics. The memorandum has been GHVFULEHG IRU H[DPSOH DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;grossly inaccurateâ&#x20AC;? and based on a Â´Ă DZHG DQDO\VLVÂľ .DWKHHQ &ODUN S DW SS [Bundle: 3B: 1100 at 1103- 1108]. 7RGD\ÂˇV /HJDO $GYLVHU WR WKH 86 'HSDUWPHQW RI 6WDWH +DUROG .RK ZKR ZDV WKHQ 'HDQ RI <DOH /DZ 6FKRRO RI WKLV PHPRUDQGXP WKLV LV ZKDW KH ZURWH WKLV IURP WKH Columbian -RXUQDO RI 7UDQVQDWLRQDO /DZ &ROXP - 7UDQVQDWÂˇO / â&#x20AC;&#x153;In sum, the August 1, 2002 Bybee Opinion is a stain upon our law and our national reputation. A legal opinion that is so lacking in KLVWRULFDO FRQWH[W WKDW RÍżHUV D GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RI WRUWXUH VR QDUURZ WKDW LW would have exculpated Saddam Hussein, that reads the Commanderin-Chief power so as to remove Congress as a check against torture, WKDW WXUQV 1XUHPEHUJ RQ LWV KHDG DQG WKDW JLYHV JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV a license for cruelty.â&#x20AC;?

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6R WKHUH \RX KDYH LW )URP D ZLGH DUUD\ RI RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV H[ RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV FRPPHQWDWRUV DQG SHRSOH ZKR KDYH DQ DFNQRZOHGJHG H[SHUWLVH LQ WKH VXEMHFW WKDW ZH DUH WDONLQJ DERXW

6R WKH DGYLFH ZDV Ă DZHG 7KDWÂˇV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SRLQW 9HU\ FOHDUO\ so.

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First is the binding nature of the advice. Let us look at the legal IUDPHZRUN ZLWKLQ ZKLFK WKLV DGYLFH ZDV JLYHQ 7KLV ZDV JLYHQ E\ WKH 2Î&#x20AC;FH RI WKH /HJDO &RXQVHO. I looked at their ZHE SDJH DQG , UHSURGXFH ZKDW WKHLU ZHE SDJH VD\V

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;the function of providing authoritative legal advice to the President and all the Executive Branch agencies. 2/& RSLQLRQV DUH ELQGLQJ RQ WKH ([HFXWLYH %UDQFK.â&#x20AC;? 40

:KDW LV WKLV â&#x20AC;&#x153;exploring the outer limit of the legal landscapeâ&#x20AC;?? :KR DUH WKHVH ODZ\HUV IRROLQJ" :KR DUH WKH\ WU\LQJ WR KRRGZLQN ZKHQ WKHLU RZQ PDQGDWH VD\V VR H[SOLFLWO\ ZKDW

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LV WKH HÍżHFW RI WKH DGYLFH WKH\ JLYH ,W LV QRW H[SORUDWRU\ Binding. 1H[W SRLQW 'LG WKH\ %XVK &KHQH\ DQG 5XPVIHOG DFW RQ WKLV DGYLFH" 7KDW LV WKH QH[W WKLQJ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDYH WR SURYH :H VXEPLW WKDW WKH\ GLG UHO\ XSRQ DQG DFW LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH DGYLFH RI WKH ODZ\HUV $QG ZKR VD\V WKDW" 3UHVLGHQW %XVK VD\V WKDW +H QDLOV WKH OLH WKDW WKHUH ZDV QR FRQQHFW EHWZHHQ WKH techniques employed and the legal opinions justifying these WHFKQLTXHV DQG , KDYH D TXRWH IURP KLV RZQ PRXWK Âś<HDUV ODWHU PDQ\ ODZPDNHUV EHFDPH Ă&#x20AC;HUFH FULWLFV 7KH\ FKDUJHG that Americans had committed unlawful torture. That was not true. , KDG DVNHG WKH PRVW VHQLRU OHJDO RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV LQ WKH 86 JRYHUQPHQW WR UHYLHZ WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ PHWKRGV DQG WKH\ KDG DVVXUHG PH WKDW WKH\ GLG QRW FRQVWLWXWH WRUWXUH To suggest that our intelligence personnel violated the law by following the legal JXLGDQFH WKH\ UHFHLYHG LV LQVXOWLQJ DQG ZURQJ Âˇ (at p. 171) [Bundle: 3A: 213].

7KHUH ZDV WKLV FRQQHFW D GLUHFW FRQQHFW ,Q IDFW KLV ([HFXWLYH Order of 7 February 2002 makes clear that in making the order H[FOXGLQJ WKH SULVRQHUV IURP WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV KH ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;UHO\LQJ RQ WKH RSLQLRQ of the Department of Justice dated January 22, 2002, and on the legal opinion rendered by the Attorney General LQ KLV OHWWHU RI )HEUXDU\ Âˇ (para 2 of memo 11) [Bundle 3A: 533]. 6R WKLV LV LW +HÂˇV UHO\LQJ RQ LW 7KH PHPR VD\V WKDW 6R ZKDW LV WKLV Â´H[SORULQJ WKH RXWHU OLPLWV RI WKH OHJDO ODQGVFDSHÂľ" :KR LV WKLV LQWHQGHG WR KRRGZLQN" $QG 5XPVIHOG DW SDJH LVVXHG D PHPRUDQGXP IRU &KDLUPDQ RI WKH -RLQW &KLHIV RI 6WDÍż GDWHG -DQXDU\ >%XQGOH $ @ $QG KH DSSURYHG WKH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ JLYHQ WR KLP by legal counsel John Yoo and Robert Delabunty. So they gave advice by a memorandum dated 9 January 2002 that the CIA ZDV IUHH WR LJQRUH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV EHFDXVH WKH\ GLG QRW apply to suspected Al-Qaeda and Taliban detainees. And that ZDV WKH DGYLFH JLYHQ KH ZURWH RQ LW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Approved,â&#x20AC;? LQ KLV RZQ KDQGZULWLQJ $QG WKH OHJDO FRXQVHO VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;No no no no. That

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is just exploring the outer legal landscape.â&#x20AC;? Who are they trying WR KRRGZLQN" $QG LI WKDW LV QRW HQRXJK WR VKRZ WKH FRQQHFW EHWZHHQ WKH 7RUWXUH 0HPRV DQG WHFKQLTXHV WR OLQN LW ZLWK WKH ODZ\HUV 5XPVIHOG DOVR VWDWHV 0HPRLU >%XQGOH 6 DW S @ that the interrogation methods he had approved (in the QRZ LQIDPRXV 'HF $FWLRQ 0HPR ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG E\ 3HQWDJRQ ODZ\HUV WR EH ERWK OHJDO DQG KXPDQH +LV UDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ QRZ IRU WKHLU XQLYHUVDO FRQGHPQDWLRQ LV â&#x20AC;&#x153;Any technique that is legal and humane on its own could conceivably be applied in ways that are not legal and not humane if, for example, it is done repeatedly, over long periods of time or used in inappropriate combination with other techniques.â&#x20AC;? >%XQGOH 6 DW S @

And this is the most important link: Rumsfeld states that â&#x20AC;&#x153;Administration lawyers fully vetted and approved the CIAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s SURJUDP JLYLQJ WKHP WKH JUHHQ OLJKW to proceedâ&#x20AC;?: Memoir: 586. >%XQGOH 6 DW S @ $QG ZH NQRZ WKDW GDVWDUGO\ &,$ SURJUDPPH WKDW ZDV DSSOLHG ZKHUH WKH\ VWULSSHG KXPDQ EHLQJV RI DQ\ VHQVH RI GHFHQF\ DQG DSSOLHG WKH PRVW KHLQRXV FUXHO DQG EDUEDULF PHWKRGV WR H[WUDFW FRQIHVVLRQV $QG that they approved the interrogation techniques - up to and LQFOXGLQJ ZDWHUERDUGLQJ DW >%XQGOH 6 DW S @

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;We wondered what we could legitimately do to get that information. Despite what Hollywood might have you believe, LQ VLWXDWLRQV OLNH this \RX GRQÂˇW FDOO LQ WKH WRXJK JX\V you call in the lawyers. It WRRN XQWLO $XJXVW WR JHW FOHDU JXLGDQFH RQ ZKDW $JHQF\ RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV could OHJDOO\ do.â&#x20AC;? S >%XQGOH DW @

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7KH ÂśFOHDU JXLGDQFHÂˇ FDPH LQ WKH $XJXVW PHPRV by &RXQVHO RI WKH $*ÂˇV RÎ&#x20AC;FH %\EHH DQG -RKQ <RR DQG ZKLFK ZHUH DOVR UHOLHG XSRQ LQ 5XPVIHOGÂˇV ODZ\HUÂˇV +D\QHV PHPR DQG LQ WKH RSLQLRQ WKDW WKH &,$ KDG DVNHG IRU RQ VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F techniques. There you have it. Words from the former CIA director.

Maybe thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not enough. 7KHQ ZH ORRN DW WKH SHUVRQ LQ FKDUJH RI *XDQWDQDPR Diane Beaver. The document issued by Rumsfeld listing the 18 techniques and providing legal advice as to its legally SHUPLVVLEOH XVH ZDV VLJQHG E\ 'LDQH %HDYHU 6KH ZDV LQ charge of Guantanamo. 7KH ODZ\HUV IRU 5XPVIHOG %XVK &KHQH\ DQG WKH &,$ YLVLWHG *XDQWDQDPR EHIRUH WKH OLVW RI WKH WHFKQLTXHV ZDV FRPSLOHG %HDYHU VWDWHV LQ DQ LQWHUYLHZ WKDW WKH PHVVDJH WKH\ JRW IURP WKHVH ODZ\HUV DFWLQJ IRU WKH KLJKHVW RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV RI WKH ODQG ZDV WKDW WKH\ VKRXOG GR â&#x20AC;&#x153;whatever (was) needed to be doneâ&#x20AC;? PHDQLQJ D JUHHQ OLJKW IURP WKH YHU\ WRS 7KLV LV TXRWHG LQ 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV S >%XQGOH $ @ %HDYHU DFNQRZOHGJHV WKDW WKHUH ZDV QHYHU DQ\ TXHVWLRQ LQ KHU PLQG WKDW :DVKLQJWRQ ZDV FORVHO\ LQYROYHG (ibid. at p. 63).

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DSSOLFDWLRQ RI HOHFWURFXWLRQ QXGLW\ WKH DEXVH WKH KXPLOLDWLRQ WKH GHQLDO WR &RXUWV DOO FXPXODWLYH DOO DW WKH VDPH WLPH The report by the former Defense Secretary James Schlesinger attests to this fact. He states that the â&#x20AC;&#x153;augmented techniques for Guantanamo migrated to Afghanistan and Iraq where they were neither limited nor safeguardedâ&#x20AC;? (The Schlesinger Report in the Torture Papers p. 908 at pp. 914-915 and 941).

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/HWÂˇV OLVWHQ WR ZKDW WKH 1XUHPEHUJ WULDO VDLG LQ WKH $OWVWRWWHU FDVH $OVWRWWHU ZDV &KLHI RI WKH &LYLO /DZ DQG 3URFHGXUH 'LYLVLRQ RI WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI -XVWLFH LELG S >%XQGOH $ @ ZKHUH KH KDG GUDIWHG ODZV

â&#x20AC;&#x153;legal advisers who prepare legal advice that is so erroneous as to give rise to an international crime are themselves subject to the rules of international criminalityâ&#x20AC;?.

As crystal clear a pronouncement can be. The Nuremberg 7ULEXQDO KLJKOLJKWHG WKH IDFW WKDW DV D ODZ\HU KH NQHZ RI WKH FULPHV WKDW ZHUH EHLQJ FRPPLWWHG DQG IRXQG KLP JXLOW\ RI giving his name as â&#x20AC;&#x153;a jurist of note and so helped to cloak the shameful deeds.â&#x20AC;?: at p. 72 [Bundle 1A: 765]. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The cloak of the assassin was concealed beneath the robe of the juristâ&#x20AC;?: p. 741 [Bundle 1A: 743].

1RWDEO\ VL[WHHQ ODZ\HUV ZHUH FKDUJHG LQ 1XUHPEHUJ ZLWK ZDU FULPHV DQG FULPHV DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ DULVLQJ RXW RI +LWOHUÂˇV ZDU 2I WKHVH WZHOYH ZHUH FRQYLFWHG DQG FRPPLWWHG VXLFLGH EHIRUH WKH YHUGLFW 2QO\ IRXU ZHUH DFTXLWWHG

Then the question arises: What kind of criminal responsibility ZLOO WKH\ KROG" 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV DVNHG D -XGJH H[SHULHQFHG LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPLQDO FDVHV DQG D 3URVHFXWRU RI ZDU FULPHV ZKR KHOG 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV QRW WR GLVFORVH WKHLU QDPHV 'RHV D GHOLQTXHQW ODZ\HU VKDUH WKH VDPH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ DV WKH URJXH LQWHUURJDWRU" 7KH DQVZHU

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;If the legal advices they wrote had opened the door to abuse or even torture and the use of techniques of interrogation on VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F LQGLYLGXDOV WKHQ LQ WKHRU\ WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ ZRXOG go back to the author of the legal advice on which the General Counsel and the decision-maker had relied.â&#x20AC;? 3KLOLSSH 6DQGV at p. 205) [Bundle 3A: 118]. 1RZ WKLV LV D VWDWHPHQW PDGH E\ D ODUJH QXPEHU RI ODZ\HUV IURP WKH PRVW UHVSHFWHG FDPSXVHV RI $PHULFD /DZ\HUV IURP VRPH RI WKH PRVW UHVSHFWHG LQVWLWXWLRQV UHYLHZHG WKLV $QG WKLV LV ZKDW WKH\ VD\ ZKLFK WKH\ DGGUHVVHG WR %XVK &KHQH\ 5XPVIHOG $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO WKHQ -RKQ $VKFURIW DV ZHOO DV WR PHPEHUV RI &RQJUHVV 7KLV LV D VWDWHPHQW RQ WKH PHPRUDQGD SUHSDUHG E\ WKH :KLWH +RXVH 'HSDUWPHQW RI -XVWLFH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 'HIHQFH â&#x20AC;&#x153;concerning the war powers of the President, torture, the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva Convention) . . . and related matters.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKH\ UHIHU VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ WR WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQÂˇV PHPRUDQGD ZKLFK ZH KDYH EHHQ WDONLQJ DERXW GDWHG -DQXDU\ -DQXDU\ $XJXVW $SULO $QG WKLV LV ZKDW WKH\ VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;These memoranda ignore and misinterpret the U.S. Constitution and laws, international treaties and rules of international law. The lawyers who approved and signed this memoranda have not met their high obligation to defend the Constitution.â&#x20AC;? $QG WKH\ JR RQ WR FKDVWLVH WKH ODZ\HUV DV ZHOO DV WKH PHPRUDQGD WKDW ZHUH SUHSDUHG 7KH\ VD\ WKH PHPRUDQGD FODLPHG D SRZHU IRU WKH 3UHVLGHQW DV &RPPDQGHU LQ &KLHI WR LJQRUH ODZ WUHDWLHV DQG WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ WKH WUHDWPHQW RI SULVRQHUV ,I \RX ORRN DW WKH VHFRQG SDJH WKH last point: These memoranda contrived defences by distorting GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQV RI QHFHVVLW\ VHOI GHIHQFH DQG VXSHULRU RUGHUV in order to avoid independent responsibility for actions WKDW ZRXOG YLRODWH WKH 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DQG UHOHYDQW VWDWXWRU\ DQG FDVH ODZ 7KHVH PHPRUDQGD DQG RWKHU OLNH them seek to circumvent long established and universally DFNQRZOHGJHG SULQFLSOHV RI ODZ DQG FRPPRQ GHFHQF\ The memoranda approved practices that the United States itself condemns in its annual human rights report. 1R PDWWHU KRZ

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WKH PHPRUDQGD VHHNV WR UHGHÃ&#x20AC;QH LW WRUWXUH UHPDLQV WRUWXUH The belated repudiation of the August 2002 memoranda ZKLFK KDV EHHQ VLJQHG E\ %\EHH WKHQ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO 2Î&#x20AC;FH RI /HJDO &RXQVHO QRZ D )HGHUDO -XGJH KH JRW UHZDUGHG LV ZHOFRPH %XW WKH UHSXGLDWLRQ GRHV QRW XQGR the abuses that these memoranda may have sanctioned or HQFRXUDJHG GXULQJ WKH QHDUO\ \HDUV WKDW LW ZDV LQ HÍ¿HFW 7HOO WKDW WR 0RD]]DP %HJJ +H UHSXGLDWHG LW ODWHU DIWHU WKH implementation of the memoranda. Tell that to Moazzam %HJJ WHOO WKDW WR -DPHHODK WHOO WKDW WR $EEDV $ELG 5KXKHO and Abbas Shahlal. The subsequent repudiation coming after public outcry FRQÃ&#x20AC;UPV LWV RULJLQDO ODZOHVV FKDUDFWHU 0RUHRYHU WKH FODLP WKDW WKH 3UHVLGHQWÂ·V DXWKRULW\ DV &RPPDQGHU LQ &KLHI DOORZV KLP WR LJQRUH ODZV WUHDWLHV DQG WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ UHOHYDQW to human rights and therefore to shield those acting on his DXWKRULW\ ZKR YLRODWH GRPHVWLF DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ E\ WKHLU interrogation methods and other behaviour directly contradicts VHYHUDO PDMRU 6XSUHPH &RXUW GHFLVLRQV QXPHURXV VWDWXWHV SDVVHG E\ &RQJUHVV DQG VLJQHG E\ WKH 3UHVLGHQW DQG VSHFLÃ&#x20AC;FV provisions of the Constitution itself. One of the surprising features of these legal memoranda is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Î&#x20AC;FHU RI WKH &RXUW DQG DV D FLWL]HQ WR XSKROG WKH ODZ (QIRUFHPHQW RI DOO RXU ODZV GHSHQGV RQ ODZ\HUV WHOOLQJ FOLHQWV QRW RQO\ ZKDW WKH\ FDQ GR EXW DOVR ZKDW WKH\ FDQQRW GR 7KDW GXW\ ELQGV DOO ODZ\HUV HVSHFLDOO\ ODZ\HUV LQ WKH JRYHUQPHQW VHUYLFH 7KHLU XOWLPDWH FOLHQW LV QRW WKH 3UHVLGHQW RU WKH &,$ RU DQ\ RWKHU GHSDUWPHQW RI JRYHUQPHQW EXW WKH $PHULFDQ

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SHRSOH :KHQ UHSUHVHQWLQJ DOO $PHULFDQV JRYHUQPHQW ODZ\HUV PXVW DGKHUH WR WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ DQG WKH UXOH RI ODZ ,Q IDFW JRYHUQPHQW ODZ\HUV WDNH WKH IROORZLQJ RDWK

Â´, VR DQG VR GR VROHPQO\ VZHDU DÎ&#x20AC;UP WKDW , ZLOO VXSSRUW DQG defend the Constitution of the United States.â&#x20AC;?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;When considered as a whole, the memos reveal a sustained HÍżRUW E\ WKH 2/& ODZ\HUV WR UDWLRQDOL]H D SUHGHWHUPLQHG DQG illegal resultâ&#x20AC;? >%XQGOH 6 DW S @ 1RZ ZH FRPH WR WKH TXHVWLRQ RI WKHLU OLDELOLW\ 7KH FDVH RI Prosecutor v. Tadic, ZKLFK LV D GHFLVLRQ RI WKH $SSHDOV &KDPEHU International Criminal Tribunal for ex-Yugoslavia (ICTY). So all WKDW WKH\ GLG ZH VXEPLW PDNHV WKHP OLDEOH IRU D MRLQW FULPLQDO enterprise. And this Tribunal made clear that liability attaches for joint criminal enterprise. Participation in the joint criminal enterprise is a form of â&#x20AC;&#x153;commissionâ&#x20AC;? under Article 7(1) of the ICTY Statute HYHQ though such criminal complicity is not explicitly provided for in the Statute. 1RZ WKH SODQ QHHG QRW KDYH EHHQ SUHYLRXVO\ DUUDQJHG RU formulated. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The common plan or purpose may materialise extemporaneously and be inferred from the fact that a plurality of SHUVRQV DFWV LQ XQLVRQ WR SXW LQWR HÍżHFW D MRLQW FULPLQDO HQWHUSULVH Âľ That is the decision.

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Î&#x20AC;FLDOV DOO DFWHG LQ FRQFHUW 5XPVIHOG ZDQWHG PRUH DJJUHVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV WKH ODZ\HUV DGYLVHG RQ KRZ WKLV FRXOG be accomplished and provided legal arguments to circumvent WKH ODZ %XVK DSSURYHG DQG WKH WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH WUDQVPLWWHG DQG DSSOLHG ULJKW GRZQ WKH FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG 7KH WRUWXUH ZDV V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ DSSOLHG DQG EHFDPH DQ DFFHSWHG QRUP 7KH HOHPHQWV ZKLFK ZH VD\ ZH KDYH SURYHG ZKLFK WKH WULDO chamber in Prosecutor v Krnolejac KDV PDGH FOHDU

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A joint criminal enterprise exists where there is an XQGHUVWDQGLQJ or arrangement amounting to an agreement between two or more persons that they will commit a crime. The understanding or arrangement QHHG QRW EH H[SUHVV, and its existence PD\ EH LQIHUUHG IURP DOO WKH FLUFXPVWDQFHV. It need QRW KDYH EHHQ UHDFKHG DW DQ\ WLPH EHIRUH WKH FULPH LV committed. The circumstances in which two or more persons are participating together in the commission of a particular crime may themselves establish DQ XQVSRNHQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RU DUUDQJHPHQW amounting to an agreement formed between them then and there to commit a crime.â&#x20AC;? 7KHUH \RX KDYH LW 7KHVH SHRSOH ZHUH DFWLQJ LQ FRQFHUW DOO VXSSOHPHQWLQJ HDFK RWKHUÂˇV DFWLRQV ,W ZDV D GDQFH RI WRUWXUH 6R DOO DFWRUV ZLOO EH UHVSRQVLEOH EHFDXVH RQFH DQ RUGHU LV PDGH WKH LQGLYLGXDO ZKR WKURXJK KLV RUGHUV VHFXUHV WKH FRPPLVVLRQ of the crime is personally liable as a perpetrator because he LV XVLQJ D VXERUGLQDWH GRZQ WKH FKDLQ WR FRPPLW WKH FULPH 7KLV LV EHFDXVH WKH RUGHU ZDV JLYHQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;with the awareness of the substantial likelihood that a crime will be committed in the execution of that orderâ&#x20AC;?: Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Case No. IT-95 $ -XGJPHQW -XO\ SDUD >%XQGOH % @

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)LQDOO\ ZH KDYH WKH ZRUGV RI Jordan J. Paust D IRUPHU 8 6 $UP\ -$* RÎ&#x20AC;FHU DQG PHPEHU RI WKH IDFXOW\ RI WKH -XGJH $GYRFDWH *HQHUDOÂˇV 6FKRRO ZKR KDV ZULWWHQ D ERRN ÂśBeyond WKH /DZ 7KH %XVK $GPLQLVWUDWLRQÂˇV 8QODZIXO 5HVSRQVHV LQ the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Warâ&#x20AC;? on TerrorÂˇ $QG KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Far from providing real cover, the newly disclosed smoking gun provides further evidence of serial criminality and demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt why a memo writer is reasonably accused of complicity whether or not he knew that FHUWDLQ FRQGXFW ZRXOG EH Â´WRUWXUH ÂľÂˇ

President Bush seems to make a plea on their behalf. He says LQ KLV PHPRLUV 15

Â´/HJDO RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV LQ P\ DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GLG WKHLU EHVW WR UHVROYH complex issues in a time of extraordinary danger to our country. Their successors are entitled to disagree with their FRQFOXVLRQV %XW FULPLQDOL]LQJ GLÍżHUHQFHV RI OHJDO RSLQLRQ would set a terrible precedent for our democracyâ&#x20AC;? (at p. 180) [Bundle 3A: 216].

6R KHÂˇV VD\LQJ Â´3HRSOH KDYH GLÍżHUHQFHV RI RSLQLRQ %H IDLU Âľ :KDW LV WKLV" This is the defence of necessity - â&#x20AC;&#x153;security of the nationâ&#x20AC;?. It HFKRHV D VLPLODU GHIHQFH UDLVHG DW 1XUHPEHUJ XQVXFFHVVIXOO\ by Josef Alstotter (â&#x20AC;&#x153;security reasonsâ&#x20AC;?). They said the race is under threat of impurity. The German nation is under WKUHDW RI DWWDFN DIWHU WKH VW :RUOG :DU $QG WKLV \RX KDYH WKH PRGHUQ GD\ +LWOHU UDLVLQJ UHVXUUHFWLQJ UHDVRQV ZKLFK KDV ORQJ VLQFH EHHQ GHFODUHG DV EHLQJ DQWLWKHWLFDO WR civilised conduct.

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Let me conclude. :H KDYH SUHVHQWHG HYLGHQFH ZKLFK SUREDEO\ WHVWV \RXU EHOLHIV - that such acts could be perpetrated in this day and age by leaders of a nation founded on hard-fought liberty. The nature DQG TXDOLW\ RI RXU HYLGHQFH LW PLJKW EH VXJJHVWHG WKDW ZH GRQÂˇW KDYH WKRVH GLUHFW HYLGHQFH IURP DOO WKHVH RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV ZH TXRWHG 7HQHW 'XQOHDY\ <RX FDQ VD\ Â´<RX GLGQÂˇW EULQJ WKHP here.â&#x20AC;?

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and perpetrated in the name of law by .. authorityâ&#x20AC;? $OVWRWWHU S 49 [Bundle 1A: 742]. 6R H[DFWO\ WKH VDPH SRVLWLRQ KHUH 1RW RQH LRWD RI GLÍżHUHQFH &RQVFLRXV SDUWLFLSDWLRQ QDWLRQ ZLGH JRYHUQPHQWDOO\ RUJDQL]HG V\VWHP RI FUXHOW\ DQG LQMXVWLFH YLRODWLRQ RI ODZV RI ZDU DQG KXPDQLW\ KHUH WKH\ ZHQW RQH VWHS IXUWKHU DQG LQ IDFW GHFODUHG WKHPVHOYHV LVRODWHG H[HPSWHG IURP DSSO\LQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG WKH\ SHUSHWUDWHG LQ WKH QDPH RI WKH ODZ \HV WKH\ XVHG WKHVH ODZ\HUV LQ WKH QDPH RI WKH ODZ E\ DXWKRULW\ ([DFWO\ WKH VDPH DV LQ $OVWRWWHU FDVH 1XUHPEHUJ sentenced to death. :K\ VR" $IWHU DOO WKH SURQRXQFHPHQWV IURP RQ KLJK evidence a conscious decision to set aside international rules constraining such treatment. A combination of factors account IRU WKLV IHDU LGHRORJ\ DQG DQ DOPRVW YLVFHUDO GLVGDLQ IRU international rules and norms.

,W ZDV WKH VDPH ZLWK +LWOHU DQG 1D]L *HUPDQ\ 7KH\ DOVR UDLVHG the spectre of threats to the German race and nation. Here WKH SULPH DFFXVHG XVHG WKH FRYHU RI WR LQVWLOO IHDU DQG subvert the American conscience. And in the name of curbing WHUURULVP WHUURULVH WKH ZRUOG WKURXJK ZDUV DQG LQ WKH SUHVHQW FDVH WRUWXUH DQG PD\ , DGG FRQWLQXH WR GR VR 7KLV LV LQ XWWHU GHĂ&#x20AC;DQFH RI WKH IXQGDPHQWDO WUXWK LQ IDFW DUWLFXODWHG ORQJ DJR - 18th FHQWXU\ E\ D IRUPHU %ULWLVK 3ULPH 0LQLVWHU :LOOLDP 3LWW KH VD\V RI WKH GHIHQFH RI QHFHVVLW\

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the human of tyrants. It is the creed of slaves.â&#x20AC;?

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Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

WKH 'HSXW\ 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQVH ZKR E\ PHPRUDQGXPV authorized conduct that violates Geneva III (see Table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Â´%H \RX HYHU VR PLJKW\ WKDW \RX FDQQRW EH UHDFKHG \RX &$1 EH UHDFKHG Âµ $QG VR KRZHYHU ZH KDYH FKRVHQ WR FKDUJH WKH NH\ SOD\HUV DJDLQVW WKHP ZH VD\ WKHUH LV RYHUZKHOPLQJ HYLGHQFH DQG WKH\ EHDU D GLUHFW UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU ZDU FULPHV 7KLV LV LQGHHG D KLVWRULF WULDO 7KLV LV RQH RI WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW IHZ WULDOV SHRSOHÂ·V WULEXQDO ZKLFK KDG SURFHHGHG ZLWK scrupulous adherence to the rules RI IDLU SOD\ DQG MXVWLFH 7KLV UROH Ã&#x20AC;QDOO\ QRZ IDOOV RQ \RX PHPEHUV RI WKH SDQHO WR IXOÃ&#x20AC;O \RXU KLVWRULF IXQFWLRQ DQG VR , FRQFOXGH E\ VD\LQJ WKDW WKH SUD\HUV ZH DVN IRU DUH WKDW DOO WKH DFFXVHG EH IRXQG JXLOW\ DV FKDUJHG DQG FRQYLFWHG :H also request that this Tribunal recommend to the War Crimes &RPPLVVLRQ D

7R VXEPLW WKH 7ULEXQDOÂ·V Ã&#x20AC;QGLQJV RI FRQYLFWLRQ and a record of these proceedings to the Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court; as ZHOO DV WKH 81 DQG WKH 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO XQGHU Article 31 of the Charter of the KL War Crimes Commission for their further action; and

To enter the names of all the accused persons FRQYLFWHG DV ZDU FULPLQDOV LQ WKH &RPPLVVLRQÂ·V Register of War criminals and publicized accordingly - under Article 32 of the Charter of the KL War Crimes Commission.

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upon nations to institute prosecutions if any of these accused may enter their jurisdiction. <RXU +RQRXUV , WKDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK IRU WKH SDWLHQFH \RX KDYH DÍżRUGHG XV DOO DQG LQ SDUWLFXODU WKH SURVHFXWLRQ , WKDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK DQG , EHOLHYH 3URIHVVRU %R\OH KDV D IHZ ZRUGV to say to conclude the prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case. Thank you. Francis Boyle: <RXU KRQRXU PD\ LW SOHDVH WKH &RXUW \HVWHUGD\ , KDG FLWHG 5REHUW -DFNVRQ - WKH &KLHI 3URVHFXWRU RI WKH 1XUHPEHUJ ZDU FULPHV WULDO DQG KLV H[DFW ZRUGV ZHUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;If certain acts and violations of treaties are crimes, they are crimes whether the United States does them, or whether the Germany does them. We are not prepared to lay down a rule of criminal conduct against others which we will not be willing to have invoked against us.â&#x20AC;? <HVWHUGD\ LQ P\ RSHQLQJ VWDWHPHQW , KDG JRQH WKURXJK WKH SURYLVLRQV RI WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU $UWLFOH WKDW KDYH EHHQ YLRODWHG E\ WKH 'HIHQGDQWV KHUH , ZLOO QRW UHSHDW WKDW SDUW of it at this point in time except to say that this Nuremberg ODZ WKDW , PHQWLRQHG \HVWHUGD\ WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU DQG WKH MXGJPHQW ZHUH ODWHU LQFRUSRUDWHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV government itself in Department of the Army Field Manual 7KH /DZ RI /DQG :DUIDUH ZKLFK LV VWLOO YDOLG DQG binding today on United States military and government officials. This includes President Bush in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of US Armed Forces under the United 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQ 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW &KHQH\ ZKR VWHSV LQ LI 3UHVLGHQW %XVK LV QRW DYDLODEOH 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQFH 5XPVIHOG WKLV LV 'HSDUWPHQW RI WKH $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DV ZHOO DV WKH ODZ\HUV LQYROYHG

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this for the Pentagon. This is the exact same copy I have used WR VWXG\ ZLWK 3URIHVVRU %D[WHU DQG KDYH XVHG UHSHDWHGO\ LQ 86 &RXUW SURFHHGLQJV LQFOXGLQJ 86 0LOLWDU\ FRXUW PDUWLDO DV recently as the court martial of Lt. Watada. The United States Military court martial fully accepts this as valid on United 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV :KDW GRHV LW WHOO XV WKDW LV UHOHYDQW KHUH"

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WKLV DUHD RI )RUHLJQ $ÍżDLUV 1DWLRQDO 6HFXULW\ DQG WKH ODZV RI ZDU NQRZ DERXW DQG ZH KDYH DOO VWXGLHG WKLV LQ ODZ VFKRRO :KDW GRHV LW VD\" 7KH LQGH[ VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture Forbidden.â&#x20AC;? Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s WKH LQGH[ SDJH 6R DOO DQ\ RI WKHVH ODZ\HUV KDG WR GR ZDV WR RSHQ WKH )LHOG 0DQXDO ORRN DW WKH LQGH[ IRU WRUWXUH DQG LW ZRXOG VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;forbiddenâ&#x20AC;?. It then refers you to â&#x20AC;&#x153;civilians and prisoners of warâ&#x20AC;?. What does the Field manual said about these WZR FDWHJRULHV RI SHRSOH"

)LUVW FLYLOLDQV SDJH SDUDJUDSK ,Q EROG DQG FDSLWDO letters as Judge Baxter puts it - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Prohibition of Coercionâ&#x20AC;?. It says that. â&#x20AC;&#x153;No physical or moral coercion shall be exercised against any protected person.â&#x20AC;? 15

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7R JR EDFN WR SDUDJUDSK â&#x20AC;&#x153;This prohibition applies not only to murder, torture, corporal punishment, mutilation and medical or VFLHQWLĂ&#x20AC;F H[SHULPHQWV QRW QHFHVVLWDWHG E\ WKH PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW RI D protected person, but also to any other measure of brutality whether applied by civilian or military agents.â&#x20AC;? 6R LWÂˇV TXLWH FRPSUHKHQVLYH DQG TXLWH FOHDU WKHUH DUH QR H[FHSWLRQV QR HTXLYRFDWLRQV QR FDYLOLQJ QR SOD\LQJ DURXQG ZLWK ZRUGV 7KLV LV WKHLU RZQ )LHOG 0DQXDO WKDW DSSO\ WR DOO RI WKHP DQG WKH\ NQHZ LW IURP %XVK RQ GRZQ 7KHUH LW ZDV SODLQ (QJOLVK WKHLU RZQ PDQXDO ELQGLQJ RQ WKHP DQG RI FRXUVH WKH ODZ\HUV NQHZ EHFDXVH HYHU\RQH GHDOLQJ LQ WKLV DUHD NQRZV RI WKLV 0DQXDO $QG E\ WKH ZD\ SDUDJUDSK VD\V RI WKH )LHOG 0DQXDO â&#x20AC;&#x153;The WHUP ÂśZDU FULPHÂˇ LV WKH WHFKQLFDO H[SUHVVLRQ IRU D YLRODWLRQ RI WKH ODZ war by any person or persons, military or civilian.â&#x20AC;? 6R QRWLFH WKH PLOLWDU\ WKH FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG %XVK &KHQH\ 5XPVIHOG DQG DOO WKH PLOLWDU\ RQ GRZQ WKH ODZ\HUV IRU FRQVSLUDF\ FRPSOLFLW\ DLGLQJ DQG DEHWWLQJ WKH &,$ XQGHU the control ultimately of Tenet and Bush; civilians contractors; WKHVH DUH DOO ZDU FULPHV (YHU\ YLRODWLRQ RI WKH ODZ RI ZDU LV D ZDU FULPH 7KDWÂˇV ZKDW WKHLU RZQ )LHOG 0DQXDO VDLG ,WÂˇV YHU\ FOHDU $Q\ RI WKH ODZ\HUV FRXOG UHDG WKLV DQG Ă&#x20AC;JXUH LW RXW IRU themselves. $V P\ FROOHDJXH DOVR SRLQWHG RXW LQ WKH HYHQW RI D GLVSXWH DV WR WKH VWDWXV RI D SHUVRQ ZKR LV FDSWXUHG LQ WLPHV RI DUPHG FRQĂ LFW XQGHU Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention of WKDW SHUVRQ KDV WR EH SUHVXPHG WR EH D SULVRQHU RI ZDU 8QGHU WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ QXPEHU XQOHVV DQG XQWLO there is convened a competent tribunal to enquire into their VWDWXV DQG VR IDU VLQFH WR WKH EHVW RI P\ NQRZOHGJH an Article 5 competent tribunal has not been convened to determine the status of anyone. These so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Combatant Status Reviewâ&#x20AC;? WULEXQDOV DV SRLQWHG RXW DUH QRWKLQJ PRUH than kangaroo courts and they are not the regular Article 5 Tribunals that the Pentagon has used in the past. So SUHVXPSWLYHO\ HYHU\RQH VWLOO UHPDLQV D SULVRQHU RI ZDU XQGHU the Third Geneva Convention.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantages treatment of any kind.â&#x20AC;? 15

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Â´(DFK SDUW\ WR WKH FRQĂ LFW VKDOO EH ERXQG WR DSSO\ DV D PLQLPXP Persons in all circumstances shall be treated humanely, and to this end, the following act shall remain prohibited at any time and any place whatsoever with respect to the above-mentioned persons, that is people which are no longer in any type of combat.â&#x20AC;?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Violation of the Geneva Conventions is a war crime under the United States War Crimes Act.â&#x20AC;? $QG DOWKRXJK KH GLGQÂˇW SRLQW WKLV RXW LI \RX UHDG LW LI GHDWK RFFXUV \RX FDQ EH VXEMHFW WR GHDWK DV ZHOO QRW WKDW , VXSSRUW WKH GHDWK SHQDOW\ IRU DQ\RQH EXW WR LQGLFDWH WKH VHYHULW\ RI WKH RÍżHQFHV LQYROYHG KHUH FRPPLWWHG E\ WKH GHIHQGDQWV 6R <RXU +RQRXUV HYHQ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQWÂˇV RZQ )LHOG 0DQXDO DSSOLFDEOH WR DOO WKHVH GHIHQGDQWV HYHQ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK 8QLWHG 6WDWHV IHGHUDO FULPLQDO ODZ ZKLFK PDNHV PXUGHU WRUWXUH FUXHO LQKXPDQH GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW VH[XDO DEXVH PDLPLQJ IHGHUDO IHORQLHV These individuals are all guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. $QG LQ RUGHU WR XSKROG WKH SULQFLSOHV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG LQ RUGHU WR XSKROG WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQ LWVHOI ZH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG ZH WKH SHRSOH RI WKH ZRUOG DVN \RX WR Ă&#x20AC;QG DOO the defendants guilty as charge.

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): 2ND\ ZH VKDOO FRPPHQFH WRPRUURZ DW DP Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

***** 35

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

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10 May 2012 - Session 1

Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise.

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Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): Proceed.

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7KH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV VHULHV RI DUWLFOHV UHSRUW WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ali Shalal Qaissi, soon emerged as their chief representative, appearing in publications and on television in several countries WR GHWDLO KLV VXÍżHULQJ +LV SURPLQHQFH PDGH VHQVH EHFDXVH KH claimed to be the man in the photograph that had become the international icon of the Abu Ghraib scandal: standing on a cardboard box, hooded, with wires attached to his outstretched arms. He had even emblazoned the silhouette of that image on business cards.

The trouble was, the man in the photograph was not Mr. 4DLVVL >(GLWRUVÂˇ 1RWH@ 0LOLWDU\ LQYHVWLJDWRUV KDG LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKH PDQ RQ WKH ER[ DV D GLÍżHUHQW GHWDLQHH ZKR KDG GHVFULEHG WKH HSLVRGH LQ D VZRUQ statement immediately after the photographs were discovered in January 2004, but then the man seemed to go silent.

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American Occupation Prisons. ... This week, after the online magazine Salon raised questions about the identity of the man in the photograph, Mr. Qaissi and his lawyers insisted he was telling the truth.

Certainly, he was at Abu Ghraib, and appears with a hood over his head in some photographs that Army investigators seized from the computer belonging to Specialist Charles Graner, the soldier later convicted of being the ringleader of the abuse. However, he now acknowledges he is not the man in the VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F SKRWRJUDSK KH SULQWHG DQG KHOG XS LQ D SRUWUDLW that accompanied the Times article. But he and his lawyers maintain that he was photographed in a similar position and shocked with wires and that he is the one on his business card. The Army says it believes only one prisoner was treated in that way. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I know one thing,â&#x20AC;? Mr. Qaissi said yesterday, breaking down in tears when reached by telephone. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I wore that blanket, I stood on that box, and I was wired up and electrocuted.â&#x20AC;? In the spring of 2004, Mr. Qaissi approached Muhammad Hamid al-Moussawi, the deputy director of the Human Rights Organization of Iraq, and proposed that the men set up a group for prisoners of the occupation, Mr. Moussawi said this week. Yet Mr. Qaissi never claimed at the time that he had been the man in the photograph, Mr. Moussawi recalled. A journalist who interviewed Mr. Qaissi three times that May and June about what happened at Abu Ghraib similarly said he never mentioned the pose or the photograph. The journalist, Gert Van Langendonck, said Mr. Qaissi mentioned the other FUXHOWLHV KH GHVFULEHG LQ WKH 7LPHV SURĂ&#x20AC;OH

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;It is easy to confuse photographs with reality. To many of us, photographs are reality.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV DOVR OLQNV ODWHU ZLWK P\ SRLQW RQ WKH PRYLH WKDW ZDV VKRZQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi To The Dark Sideâ&#x20AC;?.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We see the picture of the Hooded Man. We imagine the abuse. 4XRWHV IURP &ODZPDQ LQ WKH DFFRPSDQ\LQJ WH[W FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPV our worst suspicions about what happened at Abu Ghraib. 2XU EHOLHIV DERXW WKH SLFWXUH DUH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG H[FHSW WKDW ZH know nothing more than when we started. We have learned nothing. ... One human rights worker suggested that it made QR GLÍżHUHQFH ZKHWKHU &ODZPDQ ZDV UHDOO\ WKH +RRGHG 0DQ - that his testimony was no less valid. I do not agree. Now we are talking about reality - not about photographs. Clawman was a prisoner at Abu Ghraib. He was most likely subjected WR DEXVH EXW ZKDWHYHU KLV DFFRXQW PLJKW EH LWÂˇV QRW WKH account of the man in the picture. That man is Gilligan not Clawman.â&#x20AC;? :H VDZ WKH PRYLH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi to the Dark Sideâ&#x20AC;?. We imagined reality DV WKDW %XW LWÂˇV QRW 7KDW ZDV D highly produced carefully edited PRYLH WR SUHVHQW D YLHZ ZKLFK PD\ QRW EH WKH YLHZ WKDW LV QHDU WKH WUXWK ,W PD\ HYHQ EH D VNHZHG YLHZ ,I LW ZHUH XQHGLWHG YLGHR LW ZRXOG EH EHWWHU 2I FRXUVH ZH ZRXOG DOO EH

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VOHHSLQJ EXW IRU WKH SXUSRVHV RI YLGHR HYLGHQFH LQ D FRXUW WULEXQDO RI ODZ XQHGLWHG LV EHWWHU WKDQ HGLWHG If maker can come and give evidence about the video or SKRWRJUDSK WKDWÂ·V HYHQ EHWWHU %HFDXVH WKDW ZRXOG EHWWHU KHOS XV JHW WR WKH WUXWK $QG WKDW LV SUHFLVHO\ ZK\ , PDGH LW D SRLQW to raise the doubt that there is a possibility that Ali Shalal may not have been the man in the photo - but I did it only DIWHU WKH SURVHFXWLRQ PDGH WKDW OLQN :LWKRXW WKDW ZDYLQJ RI WKH QHZVSDSHU FXWWLQJ LW ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ D YHU\ XQHYHQWIXO WHQGHULQJ RI D SUHYLRXV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ E\ D ZLWQHVV ZKR FDQQRW DWWHQG , ZRXOG MXVW VWDQG XS IRU D VKRUW SRLQW RQ WKH LQKHUHQW GDQJHUV RI KHDUVD\ HYLGHQFH DQG WKDW ZRXOG EH LW , PRYH RQ QRZ WR 0RD]]DP %HJJ 3: +H H[XGHV WKH FRQÃ&#x20AC;GHQFH DQG VHUHQLW\ WKDW EHOLH WKH WUHDWPHQW KH KDG EHHQ WKURXJK :DV KH GHWDLQHG E\ WKH $PHULFDQV" 2I FRXUVH KH ZDV +H ZDV DW *XDQWDQDPR DQG %DJUDP IRU JRRGQHVV VDNH $V ZLWK $EEDV LW LV PRVW XQIRUWXQDWH WKDW KLV WHVWLPRQ\ GXULQJ ([DPLQDWLRQ LQ FKLHI IRFXVHG RQ KLV OLIH VWDUWLQJ DW WKH SRLQW KH ZDV FDSWXUHG DQG LQFDUFHUDWHG 7KDW JLYHV VXFK D P\RSLF YLHZ RI D OLIH 0RD]]DP LV PRUH WKDQ KLV VXÍ¿HULQJV 'XULQJ FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ ZH IRXQG RXW RZQHG D ERRNVWRUH DQG KDG VSHQW D IHZ GD\ DW D WUDLQLQJ FDPS LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ Why had these facts not been disclosed in his earlier statutory GHFODUDWLRQ PDGH LQ " 7KH\ ZHUH DOUHDG\ FRPPRQ NQRZOHGJH E\ WKHQ KDYLQJ DSSHDUHG LQ QHZVSDSHUV :H DOVR OHDUQW WKDW DW *XDQWDQDPR WKHUH DUH ERRNV DQG ZKLOH KH GLG QRW JHW WR UHDG FXUUHQW DÍ¿DLUV KH ZDV DEOH WR UHDG 'LFNHQV DQG WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW +DUU\ 3RWWHU ERRNV , EHOLHYH WKLV LV DQ RSSRUWXQH PRPHQW WR YLHZ D YLGHR LI WKHUH is no objections as to WKH W\SH RI PHGLFDO FDUH WKDW LV DYDLODEOH at Guantanamo , ZLVK WR DLU D VKRUW FOLS QRW PRUH WKDQ minutes. As an introduction: This is from the movie SICKO by Michael 0RRUH ZKLFK FDPH RXW LQ 7KH VWRU\ FRQFHUQV WKH $PHULFDQ KHDOWK FDUH V\VWHP DQG WKH PRYLH LV EDVLFDOO\ D VFDWKLQJ VXPPDU\ RI ZKDW LV ZURQJ ZLWK LW 7R PDNH D SRLQW 0LFKDHO 0RRUH JRW UHVFXH ZRUNHUV IURP WKH LQFLGHQW

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and attempted to bring them to Guantanamo Bay to try to get WKH KHDOWKFDUH WKH\ GLG QRW JHW EDFN 6WDWHVLGH +H EHJLQV ZLWK WKH TXHVWLRQ 7KH\ VD\ WKDW \RX FDQ MXGJH D VRFLHW\ E\ KRZ LW WUHDWV WKRVH ZKR DUH WKH ZRUVW RͿ %XW LV WKH RSSRVLWH WUXH" 7KDW \RX FDQ MXGJH D VRFLHW\ E\ KRZ LW WUHDWV LWV EHVW" Video from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpSgDeCYdfY&feature=relmfu (starts at time stamp 2:18) DQG FRQWLQXHV ZLWK h t t p : / / w w w. y o u t u b e . c o m / w a t c h ? v = n x V 1 x b Q t s Q Q & feature=relmfu (stop at time stamp 4:40)

[Video begins excerpt from “SICKO”] (Moore) They say that you can judge a society by how it treats those who are the worst off. But is the opposite true? That you can judge a society by how it treats its best? Its heroes? (man 13) ;OL ÄYLÄNO[LYZ HUK WVSPJL YLZJ\L HUK YLJV]LY` ^VYRLYZ OH]L responded with true heroism. It was their initial heroism that thwarted the objectives of the terrorists. Without regard, in many instances, to their own safety and security. - They truly are heroes. (man 14) We owe them everything! Here they are, the men and women who have been on the front lines for New York, and for all of us in America! Tonight is dedicated to you!

+VU»[ MVYNL[ HIV\[ [OL YHMÅLZ NVPUN VU V]LY [OLYL VUL KVSSHY each. I spent two and a half years down there. I got upper and lower breathing problems. I need a double lung transplant, but was KPHNUVZLK ^P[O W\STVUHY` ÄIYVZPZ 0 OH]LU»[ ZSLW[ PU H ILK PU V]LY Ä]L `LHYZ 0 ZSLLW VU H JOHPY ^P[O a blanket, because if I lay down I can’t breathe.

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(Moore) There were hundreds of rescue workers on 911 who were not city employees. But rather ran down to Ground Zero on their own to help out.

>L ULLK ]VS\U[LLYZ MVY ÄYZ[ HPK

(Moore) And many developed serious respiratory illnesses. That’s when the government said: “They’re not our responsibility because they weren’t on our payroll.” John Graham is an EMT volunteer from Paramus. New Jersey. He was in Lower Manhattan when he heard the planes hit. And rushed over to help. He worked in the rescue effort for the UL_[ ML^ TVU[OZ )\[ [OLU OHK [YV\ISL YLJLP]PUN ILULÄ[Z MVY his illness. They just deny you for any reason. It’s just a terrible waiting game. I really feel like they’re waiting for you to die. It’s terrible. I never thought that we would do this, that the United States would do this. (Moore) >PSSPHT 4HOLY PZ H ]VS\U[LLY TLTILY VM 5L^ 1LYZL`»Z ÄYL service. He spent to months working near The Pile at Ground Zero. Recovering bodies or body parts. And it deeply affected him. I’m experiencing a lot of disturbing dreams, or whatever you’d like to call them, and it affected what I was doing at night, and unaware of it because I was asleep and I just kept grinding and grinding my teeth. The upper fronts are damaged, practically beyond repair, because of my constant grinding over the last three years. I’ve been before a workers’ comp board already for the 9/11 volunteers’ fund. I’ve been denied three times, and hopefully I will go on my fourth appeal soon, if I can get the necessary documentation. (Moore) 6M JV\YZL ;OLYL ^HZ H TPSSPVU M\UK ZL[ \W Z\WWVZLKS` [V help rescue workers. Ladies and gentlemen, the governor of New York, George Pataki.

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(Moore) But the government. Like the health insurance companies. Made P[ ]LY` KPMÄJ\S[ MVY WLVWSL [V YLJLP]L OLSW @V\ OH]L [V OH]L ZWLU[ a certain amount of time at Ground Zero, you have to be able to LZ[HISPZO [OH[ @V\ KV OH]L [V ÄSL HU HMÄKH]P[ ^P[OPU [OL UL_[ `LHY relating your work experiences at Ground Zero. And then, even with all of that, it’s not automatic. There is a presumption when certain illnesses occur, but that presumption can be rebutted by other medical evidence.

We think it is a very fair approach that protects our heroes. I’m sorry. (Moore) Reggie Cervantes was a volunteer medical technician on 911.

Nothing makes it go away sometimes. Not water, not cough medicine, anything. It’s just burning in my throat and irritated and it just gets me to coughing. Sometimes I have trouble breathing ‘cause I can’t catch my breath.

(Moore) Reggie spent her days at Ground Zero carrying bodies and treating other rescue workers. 25

4` HPY^H` ^HZ [V[HSS` I\YU[ [OH[ ÄYZ[ ^LLR HUK 0 OHK [YV\ISL breathing by then. But we wanted to see if we could dig anybody up alive, we wanted to see if we had lost anybody, if we were still missing somebody. I wanted to help. I was trained for this. You know, you see somebody who is in need, you help ‘em.

(Moore) 9LNNPL OHK KPMÄJ\S[` NL[[PUN [YLH[TLU[ ;VV ZPJR [V ^VYR HUK with no income. She was forced to quit her job. And used her savings to move her and her kids out of the city.

0[»Z OHYK [V ÄN\YL V\[ OV^ `V\»YL Z\WWVZLK [V NL[ OLSW >L»YL trying to go about it the right way. But we’re ignored. (Moore) But not everyone after was ignored by the government.

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>L»YL UV^ HWWYVHJOPUN [OL Ä]L `LHY HUUP]LYZHY` VM [OL attacks. So I’m announcing today that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Abu Zubaydah, Ramzi Binalshibh, and 11 other terrorists in CIA custody, have been transferred to the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay. (man 15) On that island are some of the world’s most hardened enemy combatants.

(man 16) These detainees are deadly and include the 20th hijacker, as well as a number of Osama bin Laden’s personal bodyguards and others who had a direct role in the September 11 attacks. The kind of people held at Guantanamo include terrorist trainers, bomb-makers... Many of them have American blood on their hands and are the elite of al-Qaida. It seems to me we have an obligation to treat these individuals as enemy combatants. (Moore) And then I learned it wasn’t all bad news at Gitmo.

(man 16) Detainees representing a threat to our national security are given access to top-notch medical facilities. They have acute care 24 hours a day, in which surgical procedures, everything can be performed right there in the detainee camps.

This is the dental clinic, or the health clinic. We have a physical therapy department, X-ray capabilities with digital X-rays. We have one single operating room. Health personnel to detainee ratio is one to four, remarkably high. They do sick call on the blocks three times per week, care for them there if they can, or bring that detainee back to the clinic to be seen there. Screening for cancer has taken place. Colonoscopy is a procedure which is performed there on a routine basis. We have diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol. We monitor the weight and nutrition of the detainees, so that we can track those

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detainees to make sure we see them frequently, monitoring their labs and their overall health. Their medical attention... They get way better medical treatment than I’ve ever had.

- You think it’s as good as most US HMOs? - Certainly very similar and as good, sir. (man 15) I leave with an impression that healthcare there is clearly better than they received at home, and as good as many people receive in the United States of America.

(Moore) Wow! So there is actually one place on American soil that had free universal healthcare. That’s all I needed to know. I went down to Miami. Florida. Got myself a boat. And loaded up Bill. And Reggie and John.

John, welcome, sir. (UK HU`VUL LSZL 0 JV\SK ÄUK ^OV ULLKLK [V ZLL H KVJ[VY HUK couldn’t afford one. So many people showed up. I had to get a couple extra boats. And I called up Donna Smith from Denver, who is now on nine different medications. And asked her if ZOL»K SPRL [V JVTL HSVUN 0 ÄN\YLK ZOL»K SPRL [V NL[ V\[ VM OLY daughter’s basement for a while. All right, let’s go.

Which way to Guantanamo Bay? Can we go? We’re not going to Cuba! We’re going to America! It’s American soil! We made it. There it is. There’s the runway. That’s the prison over there where the detainees are.

- (Reggie) We’re very close. - Yeah, we’re very close. 40

The white building is the hospital, I think. OK, let’s go.

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(Moore) >L JVTTHUKLLYLK H Ă&#x201E;ZOPUN IVH[ HUK ZHPSLK PU[V .\HU[HUHTV Bay. As we approached the line in the water between the American and Cuban side. We were told to be careful for mines.

Permission to enter. I have three 9/11 rescue workers. They need some medical attention. These are 9/11 rescue workers! They just want some medical attention! The same kind that al-Qaida is getting. They donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want any more than youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re giving the evildoers, just the same! Hello.

No one in the guard tower was responding and then we heard a ZPYLU >L Ă&#x201E;N\YLK P[ ^HZ [PTL [V NL[ V\[ VM OLYL )\[ ^OH[ ^HZ 0 supposed to do with these sick people and no one to help them? I mean. Here we were stuck in some godforsaken Third World country. And communists. No less. When I was a kid. These people wanted to kill us.

What was I supposed to do? (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll See You in C-U-B-Aâ&#x20AC;? by the Austin Lounge Lizards) 25

>(QG RI â&#x20AC;&#x153;SICKOâ&#x20AC;? video clip] Jason Kay Kit Leon: ,I DQ\ERG\ LV ZRQGHULQJ WKH\ did get medical attention in Cuba.

<HV Amicus is submitting that Guantanamo is not all that bad. %DVHG RQ WKDW YLGHR %XW WKHQ KRZ FDQ ZH NQRZ WKH IXOO VWRU\ from a mere 15-minute clip. 35

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'RHV LW SUHMXGLFH WKH DFFXVHG" <HV 2I FRXUVH LW GRHV ,W PDNHV it look like all 8 of them are some horrible people. Does it tell the story of “WHY”" 1R LW GRHV QRW

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[Begin video clip - Is 24â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Jack Bauer Teaching Torture to U.S. Soldiers] WOLF BLITZER: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a hit American TV series seen around the world and critics say it may be encouraging U.S. troops and others to engage in torture. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s turn to CNNâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Carol Costello. Sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in New York with this Z[VY` Âˇ *HYVS CAROL COSTELLO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: You know, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard to wrap your mind and this one, a TV show PUĂ&#x2026;\LUJPUN WYVMLZZPVUHS ZVSKPLYZ )\[ [OLYL HYL ZVTL ^OV ZH` P[ is and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dangerous. An advisory to our viewers, although Â¸ Âš PZ H Ă&#x201E;J[PVUHS ;= ZOV^ [OL PTHNLZ ^LÂťYL PUJS\KPUN PU [OL YLWVY[ well, some of them may disturb you.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) COSTELLO (voice-over): Torture as a tool. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s used often and effectively in the Fox TV counterterrorism drama Â¸ Âš UNIDENTIFIED MALE: 436. COSTELLO: Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Â¸ ÂťZÂš good guy torturing his own brother. Jack Bauer, [OL [V\NO ZLUZP[P]L \UKLYJV]LY VWLYH[P]L Q\Z[PĂ&#x201E;LZ OPZ VW[PVUZ [V save America from Islamic extremist who have just detonated a nuclear bomb in Los Angeles. ;OH[ [OL Ă&#x201E;J[PVUHS OLYV ^V\SK [VY[\YL PZ KPZ[\YIPUN [V /\THU Rights First. It worries American soldiers want to be like Jack.

(on camera): How do you suppose a soldier in Iraq would want to be like Jack Bauer? 40

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UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Well, Jack Bauer is very seductive. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the hero. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s always right. He always wins. He saves the day in the end.

COSTELLO: And while that sounds far-fetched, Ken Robinson, a national security analyst who served in special operations units including the CIA, says Â¸ Âš is becoming a problem.

KEN ROBINSON, TERRORISM ANALYST: The United States military is concerned about it because theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve Z[HY[LK YLJLP]PUN L]PKLUJL [OH[ ZVSKPLYZ PU [OL Ă&#x201E;LSK OH]L ILLU impacted by it downrange in Iraq, utilizing techniques which theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve seen on Â¸ Âš and then taking them into an environment into the interrogation booth.

COSTELLO: Fox declined to talk with us, but one of Â¸ ÂťZÂš co-executors producers in a pod cast interview with Â¸;=>LLR JVTÂš did respond.

DAVID FURY, FOX Â¸ Âš! One would think that their training would be far more extensive in the real world and that they understand that this is a heightened reality. COSTELLO: And from Kiefer Sutherland, the actor who portrays Jack Bauer.

KIEFER SUTHERLAND, ACTOR: There hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been a torture sequence that my character has been involved with that there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t some kind of a negative repercussion whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emotional...

COSTELLO: Still, Danzigâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (ph) and a general from West Point went to meet with Â¸ ÂťZÂš writers to get the show to depict torture in a more realistic way, to show the audience such tactics often donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work, are against the Geneva Convention and, hence, have consequences. Danzig is hopeful a change is in the works.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

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COSTELLO: Now, Wolf, we did hear from the Department of Defense. In fact, it sent this statement, it says,

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Wolf. 10

BLITZER: All right. Carol, thanks very much. >(QG RI YLGHR FOLS ,V Â·V -DFN %DXHU 7HDFKLQJ 7RUWXUH WR 8 6 Soldiers]

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7KH ODZV RI ZDU WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV VR WKRURXJKO\ H[SODLQHG WR XV \HVWHUGD\ ZRUNV <HV )RU WKRVH ZDUV )RU those situations.

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raised. Judges were all from the Allied countries. And not a VLQJOH LVVXH UDLVHG RI DÍżHFWLRQ RU ELDV HYHQ GRXEW Âľ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ FKDQJHV DIWHU ZDUV 7KDWÂˇV RXU SRLQW $QG DIWHU WKH ZDU RQ WHUURU DIWHU \HDK ZH VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is ok.â&#x20AC;? )RU WKH VPDOO SRLQW DERXW ZKHWKHU WKHUH ZDV EUHDFK RI 8QLWHG 6WDWHV PXQLFLSDO ODZ -RKQ <RR DQG WKH GRFXPHQWV , KDYH quoted in the ZKROH 'HIHQFH 'RFXPHQW 9ROXPH KDYH DQVZHUHG WKDW /HW PH MXVW JLYH WKH KLJKOLJKWV (a)

The conclusion reached by Michael Stokes Paulsen in his <DOH /DZ -RXUQDO DUWLFOH DW SDJH DW 9ROXPH LV 15

â&#x20AC;&#x153;what is the force of international law, for the United States, and who determines that force and interprets and applies international law for the United States? For all the complexities and intricacies of the details, the summary answer is remarkably straightforward: under the U.S. Constitution, international law is only â&#x20AC;&#x153;lawâ&#x20AC;? for the United States when the U.S. Constitution makes LW VR RU HPSRZHUV 8 6 FRQVWLWXWLRQDO RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV WR LQYRNH it in support of their powers. Wherever the Constitution does make it so, such law is always controlled by the (sometimes conflicting) interpretations of the law by U.S. actors and never by the interpretations of international or foreign tribunals. And such international-law-as-U.S.-law is always subordinate to the superior constitutional powers of U.S. constitutional actors; it may be superseded, as a matter of U.S. law, almost at will. 7KH IRUFH RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DV D ERG\ RI ODZ XSRQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV WKXV ODUJHO\ DQ LOOXVLRQ 2Q PDWWHUV RI ZDU SHDFH KXPDQ ULJKWV DQG WRUWXUH VRPH RI WKH PRVW YDOXHG PDWWHUV RQ ZKLFK LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ VSHDNV LWV YRLFH PD\ EH VLOHQFHG E\ FRQWUDU\ 8 6 ODZ RU VKRXWHG GRZQ E\ WKH H[HUFLVH RI 8 6 FRQVWLWXWLRQDO SRZHUV WKDW LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ KDV QR ELQGLQJ GRPHVWLF ODZ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

SRZHU WR FRQVWUDLQ International law, for the United States, is international policy and politics.â&#x20AC;?

(b) 5

The testimony of the same person before the Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Court of the US 6HQDWH &RPPLWWHH RQ WKH -XGLFLDU\ RQ 0D\ ZKLFK FDQ EH IRXQG DW page 372 of Amicus Bundle Volume 3 ,Q EULHI KH VD\V L

DW SDJH ODVW SDUDJUDSK rd line â&#x20AC;&#x153;There exists a basic distinction in the law between what constitutes actual, legal â&#x20AC;&#x153;torture,â&#x20AC;? under applicable standards, and what may be harsh, aggressive, unpleasant interrogation tactics but not, legally, â&#x20AC;&#x153;torture.â&#x20AC;? 5HDVRQDEOH SHRSOH ZLOO FRPH WR GLÍżHUHQW FRQFOXVLRQV as to where precisely that line is, but the Bush DGPLQLVWUDWLRQÂˇV ODZ\HUVÂˇ XOWLPDWH FRQFOXVLRQV DUH certainly defensible.â&#x20AC;?

DW SDJH nd SDUDJUDSK IURP WKH ERWWRP DW SRLQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Second, even if one disagreed with the statutory and constitutional analysis in the OLC memoranda in question, or with the application of that analysis to VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F IDFWV WKH 2/& OHJDO DQDO\VLV DQG DGYLFH FOHDUO\ falls within the range of legitimate legal analysis and the range of reasonable disagreement common to legal analysis of important statutory and constitutional issues.â&#x20AC;?

LLL

SDJH rd and 4th paragraph: â&#x20AC;&#x153;To be sure, some legal arguments and some â&#x20AC;&#x153;legalâ&#x20AC;? analysis is so far below the standards of competence, plausibility, and good faith as not to be legitimate. But the OLC memoranda in question do not come anywhere near that standard. As noted above, I believe the PHPRUDQGDÂˇV FRQFOXVLRQV WR EH LQ QHDUO\ HYHU\ respect essentially correct as a matter of statutory and constitutional analysis. The quality of the analysis (despite my quarrels with certain points) is clearly well within professional standards. This is not even a close question. There is simply no plausible, objective basis on which it could be said that the legal opinions

377

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expressed were illegitimate or unprofessional. There is no plausible basis upon which one could fairly objectively - conclude that the views expressed are outside the bounds of reasonable professional judgment and legal analysis. If anything, the suggestion that these memoranda lie outside the range of legal advice is itself a view of the applicable substantive law, and of the ODZ\HUÂˇV SURIHVVLRQDO UROH VR H[WUHPH DQG XQUHDVRQDEOH as not to fall within the range of good-faith, objective, competent legal analysis.

6XFK YLHZV SUREDEO\ PRUH UHĂ HFW DQ LQWHQVH SROLWLFDO ideological commitment than true legal analysis. It cannot be doubted that the issues in question raise important questions of morality about which people, quite legitimately, have passionate feelings. But one VKRXOG QHYHU FRQIXVH WKH LQWHQVLW\ RI RQHÂˇV SROLWLFDO passions and commitments with dispassionate analysis of difficult questions of law. If this distinction is observed, it is not possible fairly to assert that the views expressed in the OLC memoranda are outside the range of reasonable, professional legal analysis and advice on the statutory and constitutional questions presented.â&#x20AC;? SDJH SRLQW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Third (and in some respects building on the observations just made), it is important WR UHFRJQL]H WKH FOHDU GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ D ODZ\HUÂˇV opinion on questions of legality and endorsement of D FOLHQWÂˇV DFWLRQV WKHPVHOYHV 7KH IRUPHU LQ QR ZD\ implies the latter. This is a rudimentary principle of legal ethics, recognized in every bar code of professional responsibility. ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 1.2(a) clearly provides that â&#x20AC;&#x153;a lawyer shall DELGH E\ D FOLHQWÂˇV GHFLVLRQV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH REMHFWLYHV of representation ...... ABA Model Rule 1.2(b) provides that â&#x20AC;&#x153;[a] lawyer â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s representation of a client .... does QRW FRQVWLWXWH DQ HQGRUVHPHQW RI WKH FOLHQWÂˇV SROLWLFDO economic, social or moral views or activities.â&#x20AC;? And ABA Model Rule 1.2(d) further provides that, while lawyers may not counsel clients to engage in conduct they know is illegal, a lawyer â&#x20AC;&#x153;may discuss the legal consequences of any proposed course of conduct with a client and may

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

379

FRXQVHO RU DVVLVW D FOLHQW WR PDNH D JRRG IDLWK HÍżRUW WR determine the validity, scope, meaning or application of the law.â&#x20AC;? It is plain from reading the memos involved that this is exactly what the OLC lawyers were doing - discussing with their clients the legal consequences of what they proposed to do and endeavoring to assist them to ascertain the meaning and scope of the laws and constitutional provisions involved.â&#x20AC;? /HWÂˇV QRW EHODERXU WKH SRLQW :H DUH QRW KDSS\ ZLWK WRUWXUH EHLQJ XVHG )XOO VWRS ,Q WKLV URRP , FDQ VD\ WKDW (YHU\RQH can say that. %XW WKHUH LV D ZRUOG RXWVLGH WKLV URRP $QG RXWVLGH WKLV URRP you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t catch a suspected murderer or rapist or robber or WHUURULVW DQG JLYH KLP WHD DQG IUXLW <RX JLYH KLP +DUU\ 3RWWHU but not tea and fruit. You get information that you need from KLP VR WKDW WKLV ZRUOG LQ WKLV URRP FDQ FRQWLQXH Yes, the QHHGV RI WKH PDQ\ RXWZHLJK WKH ULJKWV RI WKH IHZ 6DG WR VD\ but thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s true. 7RUWXUH LV EHLQJ XVHG KDV EHHQ XVHG KDV DOZD\V EHHQ XVHG (YHQ LQ WLPHV RI SHDFH $QQH %ROH\Q ORVW KHU KHDG KLVWRU\ VD\ due to a confession extracted through torture. One might even VD\ &KULVWLDQLW\ VWDUWHG ZLWK WKH WRUWXUH RI RQH JX\ RQ WKH FURVV $QG OHWÂˇV QRW WDON DERXW ZKDW SHRSOH DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG KDYH DOOHJHG WKHLU SROLFH IRUFHV KDYH GRQH ZKLOH â&#x20AC;&#x153;investigating crimesâ&#x20AC;?. 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV DOOHJHG WKDW GHWHQWLRQ ZLWKRXW WULDO LV WRUWXUH ,W KDV EHHQ VDLG RI *XDQWDQDPR â&#x20AC;&#x153;Previously, they [referring to the USA and Britain] criticised Malaysia for purportedly being cruel by detaining people without trial. But they are the ones doing it now. They have probably just realised that in certain situations, Malaysia had to GHWDLQ SHRSOH ZLWKRXW WULDO But what they are doing in Guantanamo Bay is even more cruel by passing laws allowing the torture of detainees,â&#x20AC;?

(source uncredited)

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:H OLYH LQ WKH UHDO ZRUOG 1RW 21/< LQ WKLV YHU\ QLFH URRP RQO\ ZKHUH WKHUHÂˇV SOHQW\ RI IRRG JUDWLV GRZQVWDLUV

, DSRORJLVH LI ZKDW , KDYH VDLG KDYH KXUW VRPHRQH $Q\RQH I have tried to be a good friend to the Tribunal.

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<RXU ([FHOOHQFLHV , WKDQN \RX Gurdial Singh Nijar: 7KDQN \RX <RXU +RQRXUV LI , FRXOG EULHĂ \ UHVSRQG WR WKH submission made. , WKLQN WKH VXEPLVVLRQ PDGH HVSHFLDOO\ WKH FRQFOXGLQJ UHPDUNV DPRXQW WR WKLV /RRN DW WKH UHDO ZRUOG HYHU\GD\ WKHUH LV PXUGHU HYHU\GD\ WKHUH LV GUXJ WUDÎ&#x20AC;FNLQJ HYHU\GD\ WKHUH LV FKLOG WUDÎ&#x20AC;FNLQJ 7KH UHDO ZRUOG RXW WKHUH IURP D ORQJ WLPH DJR XQWLO QRZ DOO WKLV LV KDSSHQLQJ VR OHWÂˇV JHW UHDO Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forget about the rules on murder. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forget the rules RQ FKLOG WUDÎ&#x20AC;FNLQJ :KDW NLQG RI OHJDO DUJXPHQW LV WKLV" 7KDW EHFDXVH LQ WKH UHDO ZRUOG WKHUH H[LVWV DOO WKHVH DEXVHV WKDW WKHUHIRUH D FRXUW RI ODZ D WULEXQDO VKRXOG UXOH WKDW DOO WKHVH activities must be excused. That the thrust of the submission by the learned Amicus and it is an argument that is so faulty at its core WKDW LW KDV ZLWK UHVSHFW EH UHMHFWHG in limine. Summarily. <RX VHH ZKDW KH VXJJHVWV LV jus cogen doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t exist. There is no such thing as jus cogen LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ ZH KDG D OHFWXUH RQ WKDW %XW DW WKH VDPH WLPH KH VD\V Â´We must be bound by law.â&#x20AC;? $QG ZKDW GRHV WKH ODZ VD\" :KDW GRHV WKH RWKHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO WULEXQDOV GLVSHQVLQJ ODZ VD\" , KDYH DOUHDG\ UHIHUUHG LQ P\ VXEPLVVLRQ \HVWHUGD\ IRU H[DPSOH WKHUH ZHUH PDQ\ FDVHV WKH FULPLQDO WULEXQDO IRU WKH IRUPHU <XJRVODYLD LW VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;jus cogen does not only exist but it enjoys the higher rank in the international hierachy than treaty law and even ordinary customary

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law.” 7KDW·V ZKDW LQWHUQDWLRQDO WULEXQDO VD\V $QG KH VD\V ´'RHVQ·W H[LVW :KDW LV WKLV ¶MXV FRJHQV· D /DWLQ SKUDVH µ 6R WKHUH LV QR UHVSRQVH WKHUH·V QR OHJDO UHVSRQVH RWKHU WKDQ WR MXVW VD\ ´3OHDVH DFFHSW P\ ZRUG WKLV GRHVQ·W H[LVW jus cogens.”

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$QG WKHQ DERXW WKH WHFKQLTXHV 2K ZH GLG QRW VKRZ WKH WHFKQLTXHV $V ZH GLG ZH QRW VKRZ WKDW WKHUH ZDV WKLV WRUWXUH %XW \HVWHUGD\ , ZHQW FKDSWHU DQG YHUVH WR VKRZ KRZ 5XPVIHOG DSSURDFKHG WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV 7KHVH WHFKQLTXHV ZKLFK WKH ,&5& ZLWK WKH &RPPLWWHH RQ 7RUWXUH +XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK and all the academics have decried as being a violation to the Torture Convention and a violation to the Geneva Convention. $QG WKHQ 5XPVIHOG DPHQGHG WKH WHFKQLTXHV WR WHFKQLTXHV ZKLFK DJDLQ DOO WKHVH RUJDQLVDWLRQV VDLG ZHUH WRUWXUH EXW ZKDW is response on that point by the Amicus" 7KHUH LV QR UHVSRQVH

:H TXRWHG ZKDW %XVK KLPVHOI VDLG DERXW WKH XVH RI WKH WHFKQLTXH DQG \HW ZH KDYH KHUH D VXJJHVWLRQ WKDW WKHUH KDV been no corroboration on these techniques. 15

7KHVH DFFXVHG SHUVRQV KDG WKHPVHOYHV YHU\ FOHDUO\ DV , VDLG LQ P\ VXEPLVVLRQ \HVWHUGD\ DGPLWWHG WR WKH XVH RI WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV WKDW YLRODWH WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ $QG , FDQ MXVW SLFN XS DW UDQGRP DQ\ FKDSWHU LQ IRU H[DPSOH WKH ERRN E\ 5XPVIHOG 5XPVIHOG DQG , RQ WKH VSXU RI WKH PRPHQW ORRNHG DW RQH RI WKHP DQG KH VD\V WKH Abu Ghraib images - this is accused number 3 - he refers to WKH $EX *KUDLE SULVRQ SKRWRJUDSK DQG VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;The acts were inexcusable.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV LV DW SDJH ,ÂˇOO PDNH LW DYDLODEOH

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Many depicted military guards performing humiliating acts on Iraqi prisoners - forcing them into what appeared to be a human pyramid, with naked detainees piled on top of one another. In some photos, the guards were shown pointing, laughing, or giving a thumbs-up.â&#x20AC;? 7KLV LV ZKDW ZH VKRZHG LQ WKH PRYLH â&#x20AC;&#x153;Taxi to the Dark Side.â&#x20AC;? $QG ZKDW LV WKH UHVSRQVH" 7KH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, this is edited.â&#x20AC;? Of FRXUVH LWÂˇV HGLWHG (YHQ WKH PRYLH KH VKRZHG LV HGLWHG 0RYLHV PXVW EH HGLWHG 7KDWÂˇV WKH QDWXUH RI WKH DUW %XW ZH PXVW FRPH WR WKH FUX[ RI WKH PDWWHU $UH WKRVH LPDJHV UHDO RU QRW" 1RW ZKHWKHU LW LV HGLWHG RU QRW ,I WKHUH LV RQH KRXU RI WRUWXUH DQG ZH HGLW LW WR PLQXWHV RI WRUWXUH LWÂˇV VWLOO WRUWXUH (GLWLQJ KDV QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK WKH TXDOLW\ RU WKH WUXWK RI ZKDW LV EHLQJ VWDWHG $QG ZH KDYH 5XPVIHOG KLPVHOI ZKR VD\V YHU\ FOHDUO\ WKDW WKHVH DFWV ZHUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;inexcusableâ&#x20AC;? EXW RI FRXUVH KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;I had

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

383

QRWKLQJ WR GR ZLWK LW ,WÂˇV RQO\ WKHVH ORZHU FRPPDQG DQG WKLV LV WKH same thing that has been suggested by the Amicus.â&#x20AC;? %XW WKHQ ZH KDYH DOO WKH OLQNV WKDW ZH VKRZHG \HVWHUGD\ EHWZHHQ WKH WHFKQLTXHV DQG , ZHQW FKDSWHU DQG YHUVH VWHS E\ VWHS WR VKRZ KRZ WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV HYROYHG IURP WKH ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK WR 5XPVIHOG WR &KHQH\ DQG WKHQ KRZ WKH\ ZHUH VHQW E\ WKH 6RXWKHUQ &RPPDQG DQG WKHQ KRZ WKH\ ZHUH VHQW WR *XDQWDQDPR IRU H[DPSOH WR WKH KHDG RI LQWHUURJDWLRQ DQG ZKDW WKH KHDG RI LQWHUURJDWLRQ KLPVHOI VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yes, we applied this and this had the approval of the higher up.â&#x20AC;? :KDW LV WKH DQVZHU WR WKDW" :KDW LV WKH UHVSRQVH" ,QVWHDG ZH KDYH DQ HODERUDWH GLVFXVVLRQ DERXW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, the New York Times says that Abbas Shalal is not the man in the photo, LWÂˇV VRPHRQH HOVH VR GRQÂˇW EHOLHYH KLP Âľ %XW ORRN DW ZKDW KLV statutory declaration said. His statutory declaration said that KH ZDV JLYHQ WKLV SDUWLFXODU WUHDWPHQW KH ZDV HOHFWURFXWHG (OHFWURFXWLRQ ZDV DSSOLHG WR KLV JHQLWDOV +H ZDV PDGH WR stand on a box. That is the crux of the matter. So does that DPRXQW WR WRUWXUH RU GRHV WKDW QRW DPRXQW WR WRUWXUH" 7KDW LV WKH NH\ TXHVWLRQ 1RW WKH IDFW WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, this man is not WKH RQH LWÂˇV DFWXDOO\ DQRWKHU SHUVRQ ,WÂˇV DQRWKHU SHUVRQ ZKR ZDV torture in the same way so, because of that, therefore, either there was no torture, or you cannot rely on this witness.â&#x20AC;? What kind of VXEPLVVLRQ LV WKDW ZLWK UHVSHFW RI FRXUVH +H KDV D GLÎ&#x20AC;FXOW WDVN DQG , UHVSHFW WKDW DQG LQ KLV RZQ ZD\ KDYH PDGH RXW KLV VXEPLVVLRQ %XW ZH FDQQRW DÍżRUG WR WDNH WKLV NLQG RI D SRVLWLRQ ZKHUH ZH WUHDW ZLWK VRPH OHYHO RI Ă LSSDQF\ WKH YHU\ VHULRXV SRLQWV WKDW ZHUH UDLVH $QG KH VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is no corroboration, there is no evidence of, for example, what Abbas said.â&#x20AC;? $EEDV VKRZHG \RX KLV Ă&#x20AC;QJHUQDLOV KH VDLG Â´0\ Ă&#x20AC;QJHUQDLOV ZHUH SOXFNHG E\ SOLHUV Âľ $QG KH VKRZHG WKRVH Ă&#x20AC;QJHUQDLOV DQG WKH\ ZHUH GLVWRUWHG DQG \RX FDQ ORRN DW LW 7KDW ZDV WKH FOHDUHVW HYLGHQFH WKDW \RX FDQ JLYH 5HDO HYLGHQFH 7UHDW LW ZLWK VRPH OHYHO RI UHVSHFW 'RQÂˇW MXVW GLVPLVV LW 0D\EH VRPH DPRXQW RI LW \RX NQRZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;How come KH GLG QRW GLVFORVH WKDW KH ZDV ZRUNLQJ GXULQJ 6DGGDP +XVVHLQÂˇV time?â&#x20AC;? :KDWÂˇV WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKDW" +H VDLG KH ZDV D &KLHI (QJLQHHU DW WKH WLPH RI WKH RFFXSDWLRQ <RX GRQÂˇW EHFRPH D &KLHI (QJLQHHU DW WKH WLPH RI WKH RFFXSDWLRQ MXVW RQ WKH GD\

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after the occupation arises. Of course it has to be before the RFFXSDWLRQ LW ZDV 6DGGDP +XVVHLQ WKH ZRUOG NQRZV WKDW 6R ZKDW \RX ZDQW XV WR GR" 3XW LQ DQ DÎ&#x20AC;GDYLW DQG VD\ â&#x20AC;&#x153;I was working and employed when Saddam Hussein was running this placeâ&#x20AC;?? :KDWÂˇV WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKDW" $QG LI LW LV UHOHYDQW elicit it. But donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t say that failure to elicit therefore renders that testimony suspicious. That is the point. $QG DERXW WKH $PHULFDQV 2K \RX VD\ Â´Oh, the hood, I managed to show that they were not Americans.â&#x20AC;? But look at the totality of WKH HYLGHQFH :KDW GLG KH VD\" ,I \RX ORRN DW KLV HYLGHQFH KH VDLG DQG WKLV ZDV QRW FKDOOHQJHG KH VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;On the evening of 20th August at about 10pm a combined force of American forces and 1DWLRQDO *XDUG ODXQFKHG D UDLG RQ P\ EURWKHUÂˇV KRXVH 7KH IRUFH FRQVLVWHG RI $PHULFDQ +XPYHHV Ă&#x20AC;OOHG ZLWK $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV DQG 12 truck-loads loaded with Iraqi soldiers. More than 15 American and Iraqi soldiers entered the house in a terrifying manner.â&#x20AC;? +RZ many more Americans does Amicus ZDQW XV WR VKRZ WR VXJJHVW WKDW WKLV ZDV DQ $PHULFDQ H[HUFLVH GRQH E\ DQ RFFXS\LQJ IRUFH WKH ZKROH ZRUOG NQRZV LW ZDV DQ RFFXS\LQJ IRUFH :KDW HOVH GR \RX ZDQW XV WR VD\" $QG WKLV ZDV QRW FKDOOHQJHG $QG DV LV WULWH VRPHWKLQJ WKDW LV QRW FKDOOHQJHG UHPDLQV RQ UHFRUG DV having been established. And then about Jameelah. She did not tell us about the $PHULFDQ WKDW VKH ZDV LQ DQ $PHULFDQ EDVH VKH GLGQÂˇW LGHQWLI\ WKH EDVH VKH GLG 7KHUH ZHUH EDVHV WKHUH RQH LV DQ $PHULFDQ EDVH RQH LV D PLOLWDU\ EDVH $QG VKH ZDV LQ DQ $PHULFDQ EDVH $QG VR ZKDW LV WKH FRQFOXVLRQ" $QG WKHUH DUH (QJOLVK VSHDNLQJ SHRSOH LQ DQ $PHULFDQ EDVH LW PXVW EH IURP $PHULFD 7KDWÂˇV WKH ORJLFDO LQIHUHQFH :KDWÂˇV VR GLÎ&#x20AC;FXOW IRU Amicus WR XQGHUVWDQG WKDW" $QG WKH\ VDLG â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oh, Moazzam Begg, he did not tell us that he owned a book shop. He did not tell us a variety of things.â&#x20AC;? And so ZKDW" 7KDW GLVFRXQWV KLV HYLGHQFH RI WRUWXUH" 7KDW JHQWOHPDQ ZHQW WKURXJK Ă´ \HDUV RI WRUWXUH LQ *XDQWDQDPR %D\ ZKHUH WKH WHFKQLTXHV IRUPXODWHG WKURXJK WKH ODZ\HUV WKH th to 8th DFFXVHG ZKLFK ZHUH DSSURYHG E\ 5XPVIHOG LQ KLV RZQ KDQGZULWLQJ DV ZH VKRZHG WKRVH ZHUH WKH WHFKQLTXHV WKDW ZHUH DSSOLHG DQG ZH VKRZHG LW D SDWWHUQ D FRQVLVWHQW SDWWHUQ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

385

WKURXJK DOO WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQFOXGLQJ WKURXJK WKH VWDWXWRU\ declarations. 2I FRXUVH WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV WKH OHDUQHG Amicus VXJJHVWV WKDW “Oh we could not cross-examine the 2 witnesses.” Of FRXUVH \RX FDQ·W WKDW·V D VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ DQG WKH\ ZHUH QRW SUHVHQW %XW ZKDW LV WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ that you could have seen as derived and inferred from the HDUOLHU ZLWQHVVHV" $QG \RX FDQ HOLFLW HYLGHQFH EXW GRQ·W GLVPLVV WKH IDFW RI WKH DFWV WKDW ZHUH LQÁLFWHG XSRQ 0RD]]DP %HJJ IRU H[DPSOH E\ WKH IDFW WKDW KH GLG QRW JLYH KLV ZKROH KLVWRU\ ,I \RX ZDQW KLV ZKROH KLVWRU\ KH·V ZULWWHQ D ERRN RQ LW (QHP\ &RPEDWDQW EX\ WKH ERRN $PD]RQ FRP DOO KLV VWRU\ LV WKHUH IURP WKH GD\ KH VWDUWHG RXW LQ WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP ZKDW KDSSHQHG WR KLP WKHUH ZKDW KDSSHQHG ZKHQ KH WKHQ ZHQW WR $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG WKHQ ZHQW WR 3DNLVWDQ VR RQ VR IRUWK So there is really no response in terms of the quality of evidence WKDW KDV EHHQ WHQGHUHG E\ RXU ZLWQHVVHV 6R LW LV RXU VXEPLVVLRQ WKDW ZKHQ ZH ORRN DW WKH totality of the evidence OHDYLQJ RXW WKH OLWWOH SRLQW ZLWK UHVSHFW WKDW KDG EHHQ PDGH WR GLVFRXQW WKDW HYLGHQFH WKDW ZH KDYH SURYHG EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW EHFDXVH WKH FRUH RI WKH HYLGHQFH WKDW ZH KDYH KDV QRW EHHQ DVVDLOHG E\ OHDUQHG FRXQVHO IRU WKH defence. 6R ZH VD\ RXU FDVH UHPDLQV XQ DVVDLOHG DQG WKDW ZH WKDW KDYH SURYHG EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW DOO DFFXVHG ZHUH LQYROYHG 7KHVH DUH YHU\ VHULRXV DOOHJDWLRQ ZH KDYH PDGH 7KH\ DOO KDG NQRZOHGJH RI WKLV 7KH\ KDG NQRZOHGJH RQ WKH IDFW WKDW WKHVH DEXVHV ZHUH JRLQJ RQ DQG \HVWHUGD\ , ZDV DW SDLQV WR VKRZ KRZ WKDW NQRZOHGJH FDPH DERXW E\ UHIHUULQJ WR +XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK OHWWHUV WKDW ZHUH ZULWWHQ WR WKH st to 3rd DFFXVHG OHWWHUV WKDW ZHUH ZULWWHQ FRQÀUPDWLRQ E\ ,&5& as to the treatment. $OVR WKH IDFW WKDW DOO WKHVH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZDV LQ SXEOLF GRPDLQ DQG HYHQ , KDYH UHDG 5XPVIHOG RZQ FRQWHQWLRQ QRZ WKDW WKH\ HYHQ VDLG “that these are inexcusable acts.”

$OO WKHVH DFWV ZHUH FRQWULYHG 7KH\ IRUPXODWHG WHFKQLTXHV WKDW ZHUH YLRODWLQJ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQV *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV

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jus cogens FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG RXU HDUOLHU FRQWHQWLRQ that the charges have been proven beyond reasonable doubt - there should be a conviction.

2Q WKH OHJDO TXHVWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU WRUWXUH LV D FULPH XQGHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ , OHDYH LW WR 3URIHVVRU %R\OH QRZ WR DGGUHVV and I thank the Tribunal. Thank you very much.

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV PD\ , VXJJHVW ZH WDNH D EULHI UHFHVV EHIRUH , FRQFOXGH WKH UHEXWWDO IRU WKH SURVHFXWLRQ"

***** 10 May 2012 - Session 2

Registrar Musa Ismail: All rise. 20

Francis Boyle: <RXU +RQRXUV PD\ LW SOHDVH WKH FRXUW , DP VLPSO\ KHUH WR GHDO ZLWK UHPDLQLQJ OHJDO LVVXHV OHIW RYHU IURP WKH presentation from the presentation of the Amicus-Defenceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case. $W WKLV WLPH , ZRXOG OLNH WR LQWURGXFH LQWR WKH UHFRUG DQRWKHU article by Professor Jordan Paust entitled â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Absolute Prohibition of Torture and Necessary Appropriate Sanctions.â&#x20AC;? This LV GDWHG 6XPPHU IRU WKH SURSRVLWLRQ WKDW ZKDWHYHU PLJKW KDYH FKDQJHG DIWHU LW ZDV QRW WKH SURKLELWLRQ DJDLQVW WRUWXUH 7KLV LV D YHU\ OHDUQHG FRPSUHKHQVLYH DQDO\VLV SULQWHG DV RI RQ ZK\ WKH SURKLELWLRQ RQ WRUWXUH UHPDLQV DEVROXWH under all conceivable circumstances.

$QG , UHSHDW WKDW 3URIHVVRU 3DXVW P\ FROOHDJXH P\ IULHQG LV RQH RI $PHULFDÂˇV OHDGLQJ H[SHUW RQ WKH ODZV RI ZDU +H ZDV WKH PLOLWDU\ ODZ\HU IRU WKH 3HQWDJRQ GXULQJ WKH 9LHWQDP :DU LQ FKDUJH RI LQYHVWLJDWLQJ ZDU FULPHV VR RI FRXUVH KH NQRZV RI ZKDW KH VSHDNV 3URIHVVRU 3DXVW DÎ&#x20AC;UPV LQ WKLV OHQJWK\ DUWLFOH ZLWK FLWDWLRQV WKDW , ZLOO QRW UHYLHZ KHUH WKDW HYHQ DIWHU the prohibition on torture remains absolute.

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$QG OHW PH SRLQW RXW HYHQ GXULQJ WKH GDUNHVW GD\V RI WKH9LHWQDP :DU ZKHQ 3URIHVVRU 3DXVW ZDV LQYHVWLJDWLQJ ZDU FULPHV DOOHJDWLRQV QR RQH LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW DUJXHG DQ\ ULJKW WR WRUWXUH DQ\RQH ,QGHHG ZKHQ LW FDPH WR WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;VietCongâ&#x20AC;? ZKRP WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW FRQVLGHUHG WR EH LQVXUUHFWLRQLVWV LI QRW WHUURULVWV QHYHUWKHOHVV WKH 3HQWDJRQ FRQFOXGHG WKDW LW ZRXOG DSSO\ IXOO VFRSH SURWHFWLRQV XQGHU WKH UG *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ DV SULVRQHUV RI ZDU WR FDSWXUHG 9LHW&RQJ JXHUULOODV WKH IDPRXV 0$& 9 GHFLVLRQV 0LOLWDU\ Assistance Command Vietnam.

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But let me go through some of the submissions made by defence-amicus. 20

)LUVW RQ SDUDJUDSKV DQG DV WR SUHFLVHO\ ZKR ZDV GRLQJ WKH WRUWXULQJ $V , SRLQWHG RXW LQ P\ HVVD\ WKDW , VXEPLWWHG WR \RX \HVWHUGD\ Â´Iraq and the Laws of War Âľ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW ZDV WKH EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW RI ,UDT XQGHU WKH ODZV RI ZDU VXEMHFW WR +DJXH UHJXODWLRQ RI DQG WKH IRXU *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV RI DQG WKLV REOLJDWLRQV ZDV HQVKULQHG DQG UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV Security Council in repeated resolutions that the United States JRYHUQPHQW ZRXOG EH ERXQG DW DOO WLPHV DV WKH EHOOLJHUHQW occupant in Iraq under the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Regulations. :KDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD JRYHUQPHQW GLG WKHQ ZDV to set up a puppet regime in Iraq to administer Iraq. Under WKH ODZV RI ZDU WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV FRXOG VHW XS D SXSSHW JRYHUQPHQW D SXSSHW UHJLPH LI LW ZDQWHG WR WR DGPLQLVWHU ,UDT EXW 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO WKDW , KDYH PHQWLRQHG \HVWHUGD\ WKDW LV VWLOO YDOLG DQG ELQGLQJ WKDW LV FLWHG LQ P\ DUWLFOH SDUDJUDSK VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x153;Restrictions placed upon the authority if a belligerent government [here the United States] cannot be avoided by a system of using a puppet government, central or local, to

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carry out acts which would be unlawful if performed directly by the occupant. Acts induced or compelled by the occupant are nonetheless its acts.â&#x20AC;? 6R HYHQ WR WKH H[WHQW VRPH WRUWXUH PLJKW KDYH EHHQ LQĂ LFWHG E\ ,UDTL )RUFHV ZRUNLQJ IRU WKH 86 SXSSHW JRYHUQPHQW WKHVH DFWV DUH QRQHWKHOHVV WKH DFWV RI WKH EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDQW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW LWVHOI DQG WKDW LV SDUDJUDSK RI US Army Field Manual 27-10.

$QG E\ WKH ZD\ MXVW EHIRUH , FDPH RXW KHUH , FRPPXQLFDWHG ZLWK WKH WRS ODZ\HU LQ WKH 3HQWDJRQ LQ WKHLU +XPDQLWDULDQ /DZ 'LYLVLRQ DV WR WKH VWDWXV RI 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DQG KH DVVXUHG PH LW LV VWLOO YDOLG LW LV VWLOO ELQGLQJ RQ 8QLWHG States armed forces. They are considering a multi-branch VHUYLFH PDQXDO WKDW ZRXOG DSSO\ WR DOO EUDQFKHV RI 86 DUPHG IRUFHV DLU VHD DQG ODQG EXW WKDW PDQXDO LV VWLOO LQ WKH ERZHOV RI WKH 3HQWDJRQ VRPHZKHUH DQG KDV QRW \HW EHHQ DXWKRULVHG RU DSSURYHG 8QWLO LW LV WKLV PDQXDO LV WKH ODZ DQG WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ RI ODQG ZDUIDUH DV LQWHUSUHWHG RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOO\ E\ the United States government itself. :H VDZ WKLV YLGHR E\ 0LFKDHO 0RRUH Ă&#x20AC;QH DV ZH NQRZ WKH RULJLQDO FRQGLWLRQV DW *XDQWDQDPR ZDV KRUUHQGRXV LQFOXGLQJ WRUWXUH DOO XS DQG GRZQ LQIHULRU PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW LQGHHG QR PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW IRU ZRXQGV DQG RWKHU LQMXULHV PHGLFDO experimentation on the victims supervise in part by doctors DQG SV\FKRORJLVWV DOVR ZDU FULPH 7KH SHRSOH DW *XDQWDQDPR ZHUH SURWHFWHG E\ WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV HLWKHU WKH UG *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ RU WKH WK *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ RU &RPPRQ $UWLFOH $QG \HW WKH\ ZHUH DEXVHG PHGLFDOO\ As a result of the abuses and the adverse publicity coming RXW VORZO\ WKH 3HQWDJRQ XSJUDGHG WKH W\SH RI PHGLFDO WUHDWPHQW WKDW ZDV JLYHQ WR WKH YLFWLPV DW *XDQWDQDPR 7KHUH KRZHYHU WKH VWDQGDUG RI WUHDWPHQW LV QRW KHDOWKFDUH DV SURYLGHG LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD ZKLFK LV deplorable for the vast majority of the American citizens UDWKHU WKH DSSURSULDWH VWDQGDUG RI KHDOWKFDUH IRU WKH SHRSOH at Guantanamo is determined by the 3rd and 4th Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV ZKLFK LV WKH KLJKHVW VWDQGDUG RI PHGLFDO KHDOWKFDUH RQH FDQ HQYLVLRQ $QG \HW GHVSLWH WKDW LW LV VWLOO

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WKH FDVH WRGD\ HYHQ XQGHU WKH 2EDPD DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ WKDW the United States government refuses to apply the 3rd and 4th *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ WR *XDQWDQDPR DQG WKHVH DUH ZDU crimes.

Amicus defence counsel mocked this notion of â&#x20AC;&#x153;command responsibilityâ&#x20AC;?. :HOO KHÂˇV IUHH WR GR WKDW LI KH ZDQWV %XW WKDWÂˇV QRW WKH ZD\ WKH 3HQWDJRQ VHHV LW 5LJKW" 7KH\ÂˇUH WKH H[SHUWV ,WÂˇV RQO\ IDLU WR WDNH WKHLU ODZ DQG DSSO\ WKHLU ODZ WR WKHLU RZQ conduct of armed forces. Defence Amicus can mock command responsibility all he ZDQWV $QG FDQ PRFN 1XUHPEHUJ PRFN 7RN\R )LQH %XW KH FDQQRW PRFN WKH 3HQWDJRQÂˇV RZQ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI FRPPDQG UHVSRQVLELOLW\ ZKLFK WKH\ EHOLHYH DSSOLHV WR WKHPVHOYHV $QG DJDLQ WKLV LV IURP 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO VWLOO YDOLG VWLOO ELQGLQJ (YHU\ RÎ&#x20AC;FHU LQ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DUPHG IRUFHV LV FKDUJHG ZLWK NQRZOHGJH RI )LHOG 0DQXDO DQG WKRVH RÎ&#x20AC;FHUV also have an obligation under the Hague Regulations and the Geneva Conventions to educate the enlisted men under them as to the rudimentary requirement of 27-10. What does the Pentagon itself say about command UHVSRQVLELOLW\"

,Q VRPH FDVHV PLOLWDU\ FRPPDQGHUV PD\ EH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU ZDU FULPHV FRPPLWWHG E\ VXERUGLQDWH PHPEHUV RI WKH Armed Forces or other persons subject to their control. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Other persons subject to their controlâ&#x20AC;? ZRXOG PHDQ &,$ PHUFHQDU\ FRQWUDFWRUV HYHQ ,UDTLV XQGHU WKLV VLWXDWLRQ RI EHOOLJHUHQW RFFXSDWLRQ ZKLFK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW YROXQWDULO\ assumed. 7R FRQWLQXH WKH UHOHYDQW SRUWLRQ

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Such responsibility arises directly when the acts in question have been committed in pursuance of an order of the commander concerned.â&#x20AC;? 40

We have established that the Orders to commit torture FDPH GLUHFWO\ IURP 3UHVLGHQW %XVK 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW &KHQH\ 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQVH 5XPVIHOG DQG ULJKW GRZQ WKH FKDLQ RI

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FRPPDQG 7KDWÂˇV LQGLVSXWDEOH 7KH RUGHU E\ 3UHVLGHQW %XVK D SUHVLGHQWLDO RUGHU WR VWULS $O 4DHGD DQG 7DOLEDQ RI WKHLU ULJKWV XQGHU WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV DQG WKHQ WKHVH HQKDQFHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV ZKLFK DUH D HXSKHPLVP IRU â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? FDPH ULJKW IURP WKH WRS DOO WKH ZD\ RQ GRZQ :H DUH GHDOLQJ KHUH QRW ZLWK WKH ORZ OHYHO $PHULFDQ VROGLHUV WKDW \RX VDZ LQ WKH YLGHR :H DUH GHDOLQJ ZLWK WKH RUJDQLVHUV DQG WKH ULQJ OHDGHUV DQG WKH DLGHUV DQG DEHWWRUV DQG WKH FRQVSLUDWRUV 7KDWÂˇV WKH SXUSRVH RI WKLV 7ULEXQDO MXVW OLNH WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO Criminal Court. The International Criminal Court is not there WR GHDO ZLWK WKH ORZ OHYHO VROGLHUV EXW WKH KHDGV RI 6WDWH KHDGV RI JRYHUQPHQW PLQLVWHUV DQG RWKHU UHVSRQVLEOH JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOV Let me continue and conclude Field Manual 501 on command UHVSRQVLELOLW\ 7KLV LV WKH 3HQWDJRQÂˇV RZQ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ,W applies to President Bush in his capacity as CommanderLQ &KLHI RI 86 $UPHG )RUFHV 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW &KHQH\ 1R 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQFH 5XPVIHOG LQ WKH 3HQWDJRQ DQG WKHQ HYHU\RQH VWUDLJKW RQ GRZQ WKDW FKDLQ RI FRPPDQG â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Commander [Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld] is also responsible if he has actual knowledge [and in this case they had actual knowledge] or should have knowledge through reports received by him or through other means, that troops or other persons subject to his control, are about to commit, or have committed a war crime, and he fails to take the necessary and reasonable steps to ensure compliance with the law of war or to punish violators thereof.â&#x20AC;?

1RZ WKDWÂˇV WKHLU RZQ )LHOG 0DQXDO 7KDW WHVW ZDV WDNHQ IURP the decision by the United States Supreme Court itself in Re Yamashita ,WÂˇV WKHLU RZQ ODZ 7KH 3HQWDJRQ GRHV QRW GHQ\ DW DOO WKDW WKLV LV WKH ODZ ,QGHHG ,ÂˇYH EHHQ UHSHDWHGO\ TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HG DV DQ H[SHUW RQ WKH ODZV RI ZDU LQ 86 PLOLWDU\ FRXUW PDUWLDO SURFHHGLQJV DQG KDG WHVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG DV WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI 86 $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO 7KH\ KDYH QHYHU LW WKH DSSOLFDELOLW\ RI WKH 0DQXDO LQ 86 PLOLWDU\ FRXUW PDUWLDO SURFHHGLQJV EHFDXVH WKH\ FDQÂˇW ,WÂˇV WKHLU ODZ

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$QG ZHÂˇYH DOUHDG\ H[SORUHG WKDW LQ WKH ODVW FKDUJH ZKHUH \RX found Bush and Blair guilty of a crime against peace beyond a reasonable doubt.

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SDJH <DOH /DZ -RXUQDO DUWLFOH ,Q WKH IRRWQRWH “My thanks to those who reviewed and commented on part or all of a draft version of this Essay,” including Robert Delahunty. Robert Delahunty LV RQH RI WKH ZDU FULPLQDO WRUWXUH ODZ\HUV ZKR LV DQG ZDV D FROOHDJXH RI 3URIHVVRU <RR +H·V LQ WKH GRFXPHQWV ZH KDYH submitted to you. We have not singled him out in particular DV RQH RI WKH ULQJOHDGHUV ZLWK 3URIHVVRU <RR EXW KH ZRUNHG ZLWK 3URIHVVRU <RR DQG GUDIWHG VHYHUDO RWKHU PHPRV DV \RX FDQ VHH LQ WKH VFKHGXOH SUHSDUHG LQ WKH EXQGOH RI WKH PHPRV 'HODKXQW\ LV WKHUH 6R WKLV IHOORZ 3DXOVHQ WHDFKHV ZLWK WKLV ZDU FULPLQDO 'HODKXQW\ WKLV WRUWXUH ODZ\HU DQG LV QRZ WKDQNLQJ KLP IRU DOO KLV ÀQH FRPPHQWV RQ KLV DUWLFOH 'HODKXQW\ ZDV MXVW D ELJ D ZDU FULPLQDO DQG D WRUWXUH ODZ\HU DV <RR $QG WKLV IHOORZ 3DXOVHQ LV WKDQNLQJ KLP

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$QG KHUH ZH KDYH 3DXOVHQ WKDQNLQJ WZR RI WKHP IRU WKHLU Ă&#x20AC;QH FRQWULEXWLRQV WR KLV DUWLFOH ([FXVH PH , WKLQN LWÂˇV QRW ZRUWK DQ\WKLQJ DQG WKH YHU\ IDFW KHÂˇV VDOXWLQJ WZR ZDU FULPLQDOV DQG WRUWXUH ODZ\HUV JLYHV \RX D SUHWW\ JRRG LGHD RI KLV PHQWDOLW\ DQG KHÂˇV LQ FDKRRWV ZLWK WKHP 6R ZK\ ZRXOG WKLV 7ULEXQDO SD\ WKH OHDVW ELW RI DWWHQWLRQ WR 3DXOVHQ ZKRÂˇV LQ FDKRRWV ZLWK WZR ZDU FULPLQDOV DQG WRUWXUH ODZ\HUV" :LWK DOO GXH UHVSHFW WR WKH 7ULEXQDO , FHUWDLQO\ KRSH \RX GR QRW DQG , GR QRW H[SHFW \RX WR VWRRS WR WKDW OHYHO This concludes the rebuttal by the prosecution. But let me VWDWH ZH EHOLHYH WKDW ZH KDYH SURYHQ WKH GHIHQGDQWV JXLOW\ EH\RQG D UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW ERWK RQ WKH IDFWV DQG WKH ODZ 7KHUH LV QR H[FXVH RU H[FHSWLRQ IRU WRUWXUH HYHQ DV UHFRJQLVHG E\ RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO ELQGLQJ GRFXPHQWV RI WKH 3HQWDJRQ LWVHOI WKDW LV LQ FKDUJH RI PDNLQJ ZDU IRU WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV JRYHUQPHQW DQG as recognised by the United States Supreme Court itself in the Hamdan decision. And as Kennedy J said in his separate RSLQLRQ LQ WKH +DPGDQ GHFLVLRQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;violation of the Geneva Conventions is a war crime in violation of the United States War Crimes Act itself.â&#x20AC;? 6R KRZ FRXOG WKLV 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QG DQ\WKLQJ OHVV WKDQ ZKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 6XSUHPH &RXUW KDV DOVR IRXQG DQG ZKDW WKH 3HQWDJRQ KDV DOVR UXOHG DQG FXUUHQWO\ UXOH WR EH WKH ODZ DSSOLFDEOH WR DOO LWV DUPHG IRUFHV , VXEPLW WKH DQVZHU LV FOHDU <RX PXVW Ă&#x20AC;QG WKHVH GHIHQGDQWV JXLOW\ DV FKDUJHG Thank you You Honours. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): %HIRUH ZH PDNH D GHFLVLRQ RQ WKH FDVH , ZRXOG OLNH 3URIHVVRU Nijar and Jason to say something on the admission of the YLGHR ZKHUH ZRXOG ZH SODFH LW LQ WKH SURFHHGLQJV 6KRXOG LW EH SDUW RI WKH SURFHHGLQJV RU QRW EHFDXVH LW LV D TXHVWLRQ RI DGPLVVLELOLW\ DOVR LV LQ SRLQW IRU WKH YLGHR :RXOG \RX OLNH WR VD\ VRPHWKLQJ IRU ERWK RI \RX" , GLG PHQWLRQ \HVWHUGD\ Jason Kay Kit Leon: :HOO WKH YLGHR HYLGHQFH LV VHFRQGDU\ HYLGHQFH 7KH PDNHU of the video is not called to testify on it. The entire video

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RI DFWXDOO\ VHHLQJ JRLQJ IRU H[DPSOH WR *XDQWDQDPR RU $EX Ghraib to see the conditions that are prevailing there. :H DOVR FDQQRW KDYH IXUWKHU YHULÀFDWLRQ RI ZKDW DFWXDOO\ WUDQVSLUHG LQ WKRVH SODFHV ZKHQ ZH WDON DERXW QXGLW\ KDQJLQJ DQG VR RQ VR IRUWK 6R WKH SULPDU\ HYLGHQFH ZDV WKURXJK WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZKHQ WKH\ QDUUDWHG VSHFLÀF NLQG RI WUHDWPHQW WKH\ ZHUH PHWHG +RZHYHU DV , VXJJHVWHG \HVWHUGD\ LW·V YHU\ GL΀FXOW LQ WKH GHWDFKHG FRQGLWLRQV RI WKHVH VDOXEULRXV VXUURXQGLQJV WR JHW D FOHDU GHSLFWLRQ RI ZKDW DFWXDOO\ WUDQVSLUHG DQG ZKHWKHU RU QRW ZKDW ZDV EHLQJ VXJJHVWHG E\ HDFK RI WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV ZDV WUXH RU QRW 6R WKH QH[W EHVW WKLQJ WR GR LV ZKDW" :H FDQ HLWKHU UHPDLQ VLOHQW RU LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI MXVWLFH WR JLYH D FOHDUHU SLFWXUH DV WR WKH LPDJHV WKDW FRQVWLWXWHG WKH DFWV WKDW ZH DUH FRPSODLQLQJ DERXW LQ IDLUQHVV WR WKH &RXUW EHFDXVH ZH PXVW VHH VRPH RI WKDW $QG VR ZH DUH QRW LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKH QDUUDWLYH , WKLQN WKH YLGHR ZDV IDU WRR ORQJ LQ IDFW ZH VKRXOG KDYH HGLWHG LW PRUH EHFDXVH DOO ZH ZDQWHG WR VKRZ ZDV WKRVH SDUWV DV ZHOO DV ZKDW ZDV EHLQJ WDNHQ RXW RI WKH PRXWK RI 5XPVIHOG RI 3UHVLGHQW %XVK DQG VR RQ ZKR DUH WKH DFFXVHG LQ WKLV FDVH 6R WKDW ZDV WKH SXUSRVH WKH REMHFWLYH $OO WKDW ZH DVN LV WKDW ZH MXVW EHDU LQ PLQG WKRVH IDFHWV RI WKH YLGHR GHDOLQJ ZLWK WKH torture and those comments and statements trying to exonerate WKHPVHOYHV RI %XVK DQG 5XPVIHOG $V WR LWV DGPLVVLELOLW\ WKLV LV D YHU\ GL΀FXOW WULDO EHFDXVH ZH FDQ·W KDYH D locus in quo IRU H[DPSOH RU ZH FDQ·W JR EDFN WR WKDW WLPH ZKHQ WKHVH LQFLGHQFHV ZHUH FRPSODLQHG DERXW 6R ZH·UH QRW UHDOO\ LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKH WD[L GULYHU DV VXFK EXW ZH·UH LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKRVH LPDJHV LQ WKH SULVRQ 6R WKDW ZDV WKH REMHFWLYH LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI MXVWLFH

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10 May 2012 - Session 3 Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): /DGLHV DQG JHQWOHPHQ ZH KDYH ORRNHG DW $UWLFOH RQ WKH DGPLVVLELOLW\ :H Ă&#x20AC;QG WKDW WKH FRQWHQW RI LW LV KLJKO\ SUHMXGLFLDO DQG WKHUHIRUH ZH KDYH LW VWUXFN RXW ERWK YLGHRV 2WKHU WKDQ WKH PDNHU LV QRW KHUH LW LV KLJKO\ SUHMXGLFLDO Next is the evidence of the case. We are unanimous that there is a prima facie FDVH DV SHU WKH FKDUJH , ZLVK WR DVN 0U -DVRQ ZKDW GR \RX SURSRVH WR GR" Jason Kay Kit Leon: , UHVW RQ WKH VXEPLVVLRQ 7KH VXEPLVVLRQV ZHUH PDGH DV Ă&#x20AC;QDO submissions.

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Gurdial Singh Nijar: <HV <RXU +RQRXU $V , VXEPLWWHG Amicus-Defence did not submit â&#x20AC;&#x153;no case to answerâ&#x20AC;? at the conclusion of the case of WKH SURVHFXWLRQ WHDP $QG WKHQ ZH SURFHHGHG WR PDNH RXU VXEPLVVLRQ RQ WKH EDVLV WKDW WKHUH ZDV D SULPD IDFLH FDVH DQG QRZ <RXU +RQRXUV KDYH UXOHG WKDW WKHUH LV D SULPD IDFLH FDVH KHÂˇV UHVWLQJ RQ KLV VXEPLVVLRQV ZKLFK PHDQV WKHUH DUH QR ZLWQHVVHV DQG DOO ZH FDQ GR LV UHSHDW WKH VXEPLVVLRQ ZH KDG \HVWHUGD\ DV RXU Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQ DQG Amicus has already JLYHQ LQGLFDWLRQ QRZ WKDW WKDW ZDV KLV Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQ DV ZHOO 6R QRZ ZH OHDYH LW WR <RXU +RQRXUV WR GHFLGH RQ WKH RXWFRPH of the case based on the fact that the evidence and the VXEPLVVLRQV FRQVWLWXWH WKH Ă&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQV DW WKH HQG RI WKH case. Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): ,Q WKDW FDVH WKDQN \RX YHU\ PXFK ERWK RI \RX :H WKLQN ZH KDYH DFWXDOO\ WKH ZKROH DIWHUQRRQ :H ZRXOG SUHIHU WR FRPH EDFN KHUH DW RÂˇFORFN WRPRUURZ PRUQLQJ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

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Registrar Musa Ismail: 7KH FRXUW LV DGMRXUQHG QRZ :H VKDOO UHVXPH WRPRUURZ DP Court rise.

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11 May 2012 - Session 1 (JUDGMENT) 15

Judge Lamin Mohd Yunus (President): /DGLHV DQG JHQWOHPHQ ZH KDYH KHDUG WKH HYLGHQFH DQG ZH DUH XQDQLPRXV LQ RXU Ã&#x20AC;QGLQJ WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV SURYHQ LWV FDVH EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW DQG ZH WKHUHIRUH IRXQG all the accused guilty as charged.

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The indictment against the 8 Accused persons also sets RXW WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LQ SDUDJUDSKV WR RI ZKLFK SDUDJUDSK VWDWHV WKDW DOO WKH DFFXVHG SHUVRQV Â´DUH individually responsible for the crimes alleged against themâ&#x20AC;? under the charge and that they â&#x20AC;&#x153;planned, ordered, committed, otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation, or execution of these crimesâ&#x20AC;?. None of the Accused persons personally participated in actual acts of torture or inhumane treatment of the victims but facilitated and directed the implementation of torture and inhumane treatment through WKH LVVXLQJ RI PHPRUDQGXPV OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG GLUHFWLYHV WR DPRQJ RWKHUV WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV 7KH\ DOVR GLG QRW SUHYHQW WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI WKHVH DFWV DIWHU NQRZLQJ RU EHLQJ LQ D SRVLWLRQ WR NQRZ RI WKH SHUSHWUDWLRQ RI VXFK DFWV DQG treatment. ,Q SDUDJUDSK RI WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV DQG ZDV DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV D SDUW\ WR the Torture Convention 1984 and the Geneva Conventions including Geneva Convention III 1949.

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In paragraph 7 it is stated that all the Accused persons are individually responsible for the crimes committed against WKHP XQGHU WKLV FKDUJH 7KH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV SODQQHG RUGHUHG FRPPLWWHG RU RWKHUZLVH DLGHG DQG DEHWWHG LQ WKH SODQQLQJ SUHSDUDWLRQ RU H[HFXWLRQ RI WKHVH FULPHV ,Q SDUDJUDSK RI WKH SDUWLFXODUV RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH WK WR WKH WK $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH FRPSOLFLW LQ WKDW WKH\ SURYLGHG WKH OHJDO RSLQLRQV DQG MXVWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ IRU DYRLGLQJ WKH obligations under the Convention against Torture 1984 and WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, RI WKHUHE\ IDFLOLWDWLQJ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WRUWXUH DQG LQKXPDQ FRQGXFW ZKHQ LW ZDV SODLQ WKDW WKH DGYLFH WKH\ ZHUH JLYLQJ ZDV HUURQHRXV LQ ODZ 7KH\ DOVR NQHZ WKDW WKHLU DGYLFH LI DFFHSWHG ZRXOG EH DFWHG upon.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

403

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW WKUHH QDPHG $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV VXSHULRUV DQG KDG authorised the commission of acts in violation of the aforesaid &RQYHQWLRQV DQG LQ DQ\ HYHQW WKH\ NQHZ RU KDG UHDVRQ WR NQRZ WKDW WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV ZHUH DERXW WR FRPPLW VXFK DFWV DQG KDG GRQH VR DQG WKH\ KDG IDLOHG WR WDNH WKH QHFHVVDU\ and reasonable measures to prevent such acts or to punish the perpetrators. 3DUDJUDSK VHWV RXW WKH DXWKRUL]DWLRQV LVVXHG E\ WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW DFFXVHG ZLWK NQRZOHGJH RI WKH VHFRQG DFFXVHG Paragraph 11 sets out the authorization issued by the third accused person.

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Moazzam Begg of the United Kingdom (detained from January 2002 to January 2005);

(b)

Rhuhel Ahmad of the United Kingdom (detained IURP HQG RI WR 0DUFK

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(c)

Ali Sh. Abbas of Iraq (detained from October 2003 to March 2004);

(d)

Abbas Abid of Iraq (detained from August 2005 until September 2006);

(e)

Jameelah Abbas of Iraq (detained from January 2004 to June 2004).

,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH VXEMHFWHG to a systematic pattern of abuse in the execution of these acts of torture in various detention centres. ,Q SDUDJUDSK LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR VHYHUH SK\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO SDLQ DQG FUXHO LQKXPDQ DQG degrading treatment over long periods. These acts of torture HWF ZHUH GHVLJQHG WR IRUFH WKH DERYH GHWDLQHHV WR FRQIHVV WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;crimesâ&#x20AC;? WKH\ KDG QR NQRZOHGJH RI DQG RU ZHUH QRW LQYROYHG in.

,Q SDUDJUDSKV DQG RI WKH FKDUJH LW LV VWDWHG WKDW WKHVH DFWV of torture are in contravention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention Against Torture 1984. These DFWV DOVR FRQVWLWXWH FUXHO LQKXPDQ DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW in contravention of Geneva Convention III of 1949 on the WUHDWPHQW RI FRPEDWDQWV DQG FLYLOLDQV LQ DQ\ DUPHG FRQĂ LFW and are applicable to interrogations. In paragraphs 20 and 21 of the charge it is stated that the YLFWLPV GHWDLQHHV ZHUH GHWDLQHG ZLWKRXW MXVW FDXVH 1R GXH SURFHVV RI WKH ODZ ZDV DSSOLHG 7KH\ ZHUH QRW DOORZHG DFFHVV WR MXVWLFH LQFOXGLQJ WR OHJDO FRXQVHO RU FRXUWV RI ODZ 7KH\ ZHUH QRW FKDUJHG LQ D FRXUW RI ODZ IRU DQ\ RÍżHQFH

$V SURYLGHG IRU XQGHU $UWLFOH RI &KDSWHU 9 RI WKH &KDUWHU DOO WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV ZHUH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ amicus curiae.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

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Preliminary Objection

%HIRUH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ EHJDQ LWV RSHQLQJ VWDWHPHQW WKH amicus curiae Ă&#x20AC;OHG D SUHOLPLQDU\ REMHFWLRQ WR WKH 7ULEXQDOÂˇV MXULVGLFWLRQ to hear this case against all the accused persons.

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Article 4 of the Charter expressly states that the Tribunal has international legal personality and shall have such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of their functions DQG WKH IXOĂ&#x20AC;OPHQW RI WKHLU SXUSRVH

+DYLQJ FRQVLGHUHG FDUHIXOO\ DUJXPHQWV E\ ERWK VLGHV WKH Tribunal ruled that it has jurisdiction to hear the charge against the accused and dismissed the preliminary objection. Prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case

The prosecution made an opening statement indicating WKDW KH ZRXOG FDOO ZLWQHVVHV ZKR KDG IRUPHUO\ JLYHQ testimony before the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission DQG WKHUHDIWHU ZRXOG VXEPLW VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV RI WZR ZLWQHVVHV ZKR FRXOG QRW DWWHQG WKH KHDULQJ GXH WR VDIHW\ issues. First Witness

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August 28 2005 and then taken to the Al-Muthanna Brigade KHDGTXDUWHUV ZKHUH KH ZDV GHWDLQHG IRU ZHHNV DQG ODWHU WDNHQ WR WKH $O -DGLULD SULVRQ 2Q 6HSWHPEHU KH ZDV EURXJKW WR D FRXUW ZKHUH WKH -XGJH UXOHG WKDW KH VKRXOG EH VHW IUHH IRU ODFN RI HYLGHQFH +H ZDV VXEVHTXHQWO\ UHOHDVHG RQ 2FWREHU ,Q KLV WHVWLPRQ\ WKH ZLWQHVV VDLG WKDW KH ZDV WRUWXUHG E\ his tormentors in various manner - such as being subjected to electric shocks in various parts of his body especially his JHQLWDOV KDQJLQJ KLP IURP WKH ZDOO ZLWK KDQJLQJ ZHLJKWV IURP KLV JHQLWDOV IRU ORQJ SHULRGV WKUHDWHQLQJ WR VH[XDOO\ DEXVH KLV ZLIH DQG PRWKHU DIWHU EULQJLQJ WKHP WR SULVRQ IRUFHIXOO\ H[WUDFWLQJ KLV ÀQJHUQDLOV KDQGFX΀QJ KLV KDQGV WR WKH EDFN DQG WKHQ EHLQJ KXQJ IURP WKH ZDOO IRU ORQJ KRXUV XQWLO KH IDLQWHG HWF +H DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW D EDJ ZDV SODFHG RYHU KLV KHDG IRU RYHU WZR PRQWKV DQG WKDW LW ZDV UHPRYHG RQO\ ZKHQ KH ZDV JLYHQ IRRG +H DOVR WHVWLÀHG WKDW RWKHU GHWDLQHHV had similar bags over their heads for over 5 months. He also WHVWLÀHG WKDW QR PHGLFDO FDUH ZDV DYDLODEOH WR WKH GHWDLQHHV DQG WKDW VRPH GHWDLQHHV ZHUH OHIW WR GLH IURP WKHLU LQMXULHV DV a result of the torture done to them.

Second Witness 25

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Third Witness 10

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WR WKH RWKHU $ SODVWLF WXEH ZLWK D SLHFH RI ZRRG LQVHUWHG LQWR WKH WXEH ZDV XVHG WR EHDW KHU :KHQ VKH GURSSHG WR WKH ÁRRU VKH ZDV NLFNHG DQG VKH VWDUWHG EOHHGLQJ RQ KHU VKRXOGHUV EDFN DUPV DQG OHJV 6KH ZDV WRUWXUHG LQ WKLV IDVKLRQ IRU PDQ\ hours. 6KH ZDV WDNHQ WR KHU FHOO DQG ZDV DVNHG WR VWDQG VWUDLJKW :KHQ VKH OHDQHG RQ WKH ZDOO VKH ZDV EHDWHQ +HU ZRXQGV ZHUH QRW attended to by the soldiers.

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410

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Two statutory declarations of absent witnesses

Ali Sh. Abbas deposed in his statutory declaration that he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uniform. 7KH GHSRQHQW IXUWKHU VWDWHG WKDW RQ RQH RFFDVLRQ WKH interrogators forcibly placed him on top of a carton box FRQWDLQLQJ FDQQHG IRRG 7KH\ WKHQ FRQQHFWHG HOHFWULF ZLUHV to his fingers and ordered him to stretch out his hands KRUL]RQWDOO\ WKHQ WKH\ VZLWFKHG RQ WKH HOHFWULF SRZHU 7KH GHSRQHQW VDLG WKDW KH ZDV WRUWXUHG LQ VXFK PDQQHU RQ WKUHH VHSDUDWH VHVVLRQV 7KURXJKRXW WKLV WRUWXUH VHVVLRQ WKH interrogators took photographs.

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Cross-examination by Amicus Curiae 7KH SURVHFXWLRQÂˇV WKUHH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH FURVV H[DPLQHG E\ the Amicus Curiae as provided for under Article 20 of Chapter V (Mode of Proceedings) of Part 2 (Rules of Procedure and (YLGHQFH RI WKH 7ULEXQDO $W WKH FORVH RI WKH FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ by the Amicus Curiae WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH UH H[DPLQHG E\ WKH Chief Prosecutor. Submission on statutory declaration by absent witnesses %RWK VLGHV WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG Amicus Curiae on behalf RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV VXEPLWWHG WKDW WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQV E\ WKH WZR DEVHQW ZLWQHVVHV DUH DGPLVVLEOH pursuant to Article 24 of Chapter V of Part 2 of the Charter EXW WKH\ OHDYH LW WR WKH 7ULEXQDO WR GHFLGH Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ RQ WKH WRWDO ZHLJKW RI VXFK HYLGHQFH Summary of witnessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s testimony

The prosecution submitted that the testimony of the three ZLWQHVVHV FRUURERUDWHG E\ WKH VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ RI WKH WZR DEVHQW ZLWQHVVHV FOHDUO\ VKRZ D VXVWDLQHG DQG SURORQJHG LQĂ LFWLRQ RI FUXHO DQG GHKXPDQL]LQJ FRXUVH RI FRQGXFW RQ the part of those perpetrators. The evidence adduced before the Tribunal clearly establishes the fact that the victims ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR VHYHUH DQG PHQWDO SDLQ DV D UHVXOW RI H[WUHPH LQWHUURJDWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV WKDW ZHUH DSSOLHG WR WKHP cumulatively and over long periods.

The prosecution also submitted that the evidence clearly VKRZV WKDW WKH $PHULFDQ PLOLWDU\ DQG RWKHU SHUVRQQHO ZHUH LQYROYHG LQ WKH DUUHVW DEGXFWLRQ DQG WRUWXUH RI WKHVH ZLWQHVVHV 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV ZDV DW DOO PDWHULDO WLPHV WKH RFFXS\LQJ EHOOLJHUHQW SRZHU LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ DQG ,UDT ZKHUH WKHVH DWURFLWLHV RQ WKH ZLWQHVVHV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW DQG WKH\ KDYH an obligation under the Geneva Conventions to ensure that QR VXFK DFWV DUH LQĂ LFWHG RQ WKHVH SHUVRQV ZKR DUH XQGHU WKH ODZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;protected personsâ&#x20AC;?.

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$IJKDQLVWDQ ZDU DV ZHOO DV WKH ,UDT ZDU 7KH\ ZHUH KHOG LQ SULVRQV LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ %DJUDP DV ZHOO DV LQ ,UDT %DJKGDG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $LUSRUW DQG $EX *KUDLE 7ZR ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKLV FDVH 0RD]]DP %HJJ DQG 5KXKHO ZHUH WUDQVSRUWHG DQG detained in Guantanamo Bay.

Issues before the Tribunal There are three issues for the determination of the Tribunal in the instant case

:KHWKHU WKH DFWV SHUSHWUDWHG DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV amount to torture under the Torture Convention Act 1984;

:KR LV OLDEOH IRU WKH DFWV RI WRUWXUH DQG WKH FUXHO inhumane and degrading treatment meted out to WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ WKLV FDVH" 25

(DFK RI WKHVH LVVXHV LV FRQVLGHUHG VHSDUDWHO\ DV VWDWHG EHORZ Whether the acts amounted to torture under the Torture &RQYHQWLRQ $FW" 30

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tortureâ&#x20AC;? LV GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG LQ WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV â&#x20AC;&#x153;the intentional LQĂ LFWLRQ RI VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ ZKHWKHU SK\VLFDO RU PHQWDO E\ RU ZLWK WKH FRQVHQW RU DFTXLHVFHQFH RI D SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOÂľ. The term Â´SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDOÂľ includes the Head of a State. 35

In the 3LQRFKHW FDVH 1R > @ :/5 DW S ' WKH House of Lords held that the prohibition against torture is DEVROXWH 7KHUH FDQ EH QR GHURJDWLRQ IURP WKLV UXOH ZKLFK has been long accepted as jus cogens - a peremptory norm of LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ IURP ZKLFK VWDWHV FDQQRW GHURJDWH

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

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Under Article 3 of the UN Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from being subjected to Torture and other &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW RU 3XQLVKPHQW RI 'HFHPEHU LW LV VWDWHG WKDW QRW HYHQ H[FHSWLRQDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV FDQ H[FXVH WRUWXUH VXFK DV ZDU RQ WHUURU RU public emergency. The Torture Convention has been subscribed by 133 states. The 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV D SDUW\ WR WKH &RQYHQWLRQ KDYLQJ LPSOHPHQWHG LW WKURXJK WKH SDVVDJH RI D GRPHVWLF ODZ QDPHO\ VHFWLRQV 22402340A of Title 18 of the United States Code. ,Q WKH DIRUHVDLG 3LQRFKHW FDVH WKH +RXVH RI /RUGV VDLG WKDW WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ ZDV DJUHHG QRW WR FUHDWH DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FULPH ZKLFK KDG QRW SUHYLRXVO\ H[LVWHG EXW â&#x20AC;&#x153;to provide an international system under which the international criminal - the WRUWXUHU ZRXOG Ă&#x20AC;QG QR VDIH KDYHQÂľ 8QOLNH WKH FULPH DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ ZKLFK UHTXLUHV WKH DFW DV SDUW RI D ZLGHVSUHDG RU V\VWHPDWLF DWWDFN DJDLQVW FLYLOLDQV DV D PHDVXUH RI VWDWH SROLF\ HYHQ D VLQJOH DFW RI RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO WRUWXUH LV a crime under the Torture Convention.

$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 81 &RPPLWWHH DJDLQVW 7RUWXUH ZKLFK LV the UN body of independent experts that implements the &RQYHQWLRQ $JDLQVW 7RUWXUH WKH IROORZLQJ LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV FRQVWLWXWH WRUWXUH QDPHO\ UHVWUDLQLQJ LQ YHU\ SDLQIXO FRQGLWLRQV KRRGLQJ XQGHU VSHFLDO FRQGLWLRQV VRXQGLQJ RI ORXG PXVLF IRU SURORQJHG SHULRGV VOHHS GHSULYDWLRQ IRU ORQJ SHULRGV WKUHDWV LQFOXGLQJ GHDWK WKUHDWV YLROHQW VKDNLQJ DQG extreme temperatures. The Committee therefore has clearly VKRZQ WKDW WKH LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DXWKRULVHG E\ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI 'HIHQFH DV KDG EHHQ PHWHG RXW WR WKH ZLWQHVVHV in the instant case) amount to â&#x20AC;&#x153;tortureâ&#x20AC;? ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI Article 1 of the Torture Convention.

The same UN Committee had also declared that the use of WHFKQLTXHV VXFK DV VKDFNOLQJ WKH XVH RI GRJV DQG LQWHUQDO H[DPLQDWLRQV FRQVWLWXWH WRUWXUH RU FUXHO LQKXPDQH RU degrading treatment.

414

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7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLWWHH RI WKH 5HG &URVV ,&5& LQ LWV Report of February 2004 stated that the construction of the *XDQWDQDPR V\VWHP ZKRVH REMHFWLYH LV WR H[WUDFW LQWHOOLJHQFH information â&#x20AC;&#x153;cannot be considered other than an international system of cruel, unusual and degrading treatment and a form of tortureâ&#x20AC;?.

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Article 1 - respect for the Convention â&#x20AC;&#x153;in all circumstancesâ&#x20AC;?;

$UWLFOH DSSO\LQJ WKH &RQYHQWLRQ QRW RQO\ WR GHFODUHG ZDUV but also to Â´DQ\ RWKHU DUPHG FRQĂ LFWÂľ Article 3 - prescribes a minimum of humane treatment in Â´DUPHG FRQĂ LFW QRW RI DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUÂľ to all civilians and non-combatants. 7KHVH WKUHH &RPPRQ $UWLFOHV UHĂ HFW LQWHUQDWLRQDO FXVWRPDU\ ODZ ,Q Hamdan v Rumsfeld (2006) 548 US 557 WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Supreme Court had clearly stated that the Common Articles must be interpreted â&#x20AC;&#x153;as widely as possibleâ&#x20AC;?. Consequently the court held that the three Common Articles apply to the detainees at Guantanamo Bay.

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415

such timeâ&#x20AC;? as the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s status has been determined by a competent tribunal. 7KH HYLGHQFH LQ WKLV FDVH FOHDUO\ VKRZV WKDW WKH OHJDO RSLQLRQV and the advice given by the 4th to the 8th Accused persons to WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW VHFRQG DQG WKLUG $FFXVHG SHUVRQV LQ WKDW WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV ZHUH â&#x20AC;&#x153;obsoleteâ&#x20AC;?, WKH\ FDQ EH LJQRUHG WKDW 7DOLEDQ PLOLWLD DUH QRW SURWHFWHG $UWLFOHV DQG RI *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, PD\ EH YLRODWHG ZHUH DV VXEPLWWHG E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ Â´OHJDOO\ Ă DZHGÂľ ,W LV VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW KHUH WR QRWH WKDW VRPH \HDUV ODWHU DIWHU WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI WKHVH HYHQWV LQĂ LFWHG RQ WKH ZLWQHVVHV LQ -DQXDU\ 2009 President Barack Obama had issued an ([HFXWLYH 2UGHU 13491 GLUHFWLQJ WKDW ZKHQ FRQGXFWLQJ LQYHVWLJDWLRQV QR JRYHUQPHQW RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO HPSOR\HH RU DJHQW FDQ UHO\ DQ\ PRUH RQ â&#x20AC;&#x153;any interpretation of the law governing interrogationsâ&#x20AC;? issued by the Department of Justice under the Bush administration. :KR LV OLDEOH IRU WKH DFWV RI WRUWXUH FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW" ,I LW LV SURYHQ WKDW DQ DFW RI WRUWXUH RU FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG degrading treatment had been perpetrated against a victim by D SDUWLFXODU LQGLYLGXDO WKHQ WKDW LQGLYLGXDO LV SHUVRQDOO\ OLDEOH under the Torture Convention and the Geneva Conventions DV ZHOO ,Q WKH FDVH EHIRUH WKH 7ULEXQDO WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DUH QRW WKH LQGLYLGXDOV ZKR DFWXDOO\ FRPPLWWHG WKHVH WRUWXUHV RU LQĂ LFWHG WKH FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV EXW WKHLU VXSHULRUV 7KH TXHVWLRQ IRU WKH 7ULEXQDO WR GHFLGH LV WKHUHIRUH ZKHWKHU WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV FDQ EH PDGH OLDEOH IRU WKH DFWV RI WKHLU VXERUGLQDWHV"

Finding a prima facie case

$W WKH FORVH RI LWV FDVH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ VXEPLWWHG WKDW LW KDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;proved beyond reasonable doubtâ&#x20AC;? (sic) that all the 8 Accused SHUVRQV ZHUH LQVWUXPHQWDO LQ LQĂ LFWLQJ WRUWXUH DQG FUXHO LQKXPDQH DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV WKDW YLRODWHG WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ DV ZHOO DV

416

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Geneva Convention III. The prosecution further submitted that the 4th to 8th $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DV OHJDO FRXQVHO DGYLVLQJ WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ KDG SOD\HG D GHFLVLYH UROH LQ VXEYHUWLQJ the system of international rules that should have protected all the detainees. ,Q UHVSRQVH WKH Amicus Curiae for the 8 Accused persons VXEPLWWHG WKDW WKH WRUWXUH RI $EEDV $ELG WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW ZLWQHVV KDV QRW EHHQ SURYHQ WR EH OLQNHG WR WKH $PHULFDQV LQ DQ\ ZD\ by the prosecution. ,Q UHJDUG WR WKH VHFRQG ZLWQHVV 0RD]]DP %HJJ WKH Amicus Curiae VDLG WKDW GXULQJ FURVV H[DPLQDWLRQ LW ZDV GLVFRYHUHG WKDW 0RD]]DP RZQHG D ERRNVWRUH DQG KDG VSHQW WLPH DW D WUDLQLQJ FDPS LQ $IJKDQLVWDQ :K\ ZHUH WKHVH IDFWV QRW GLVFORVHG LQ KLV VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ" ,Q UHJDUG WR WKH WKLUG ZLWQHVV -DPHHODK WKH Amicus Curiae submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;We have no proof that she was detained at an American facilityâ&#x20AC;?. +H IXUWKHU VXEPLWWHG WKDW KHU LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ of her torturers as Americans â&#x20AC;&#x153;is also based on conjectureâ&#x20AC;? from WKH DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW VLQFH VKH ZDV LQ WKH $PHULFDQ SDUW RI ,UDT VKH ZDV WKHUHIRUH DVVDXOWHG E\ $PHULFDQ QDWLRQDOV 7KLV UHPDLQV PHUHO\ DQ DVVXPSWLRQ DQG WKHUH LV QR DFWXDO LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ KH VXEPLWWHG 7XUQLQJ KLV DWWHQWLRQ WR SRLQWV RI ODZ WKH Amicus Curiae said that â&#x20AC;&#x153;customary international law and jus cogens are like the snake-oil of international lawâ&#x20AC;?. He submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;international law really boils down to treatiesâ&#x20AC;?, so forget jus cogens DQG IRUJHW FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ 6WDWHV DUH RQO\ ERXQG E\ WUHDWLHV ZKLFK WKH\ KDYH VLJQHG RU UDWLĂ&#x20AC;HG The Amicus Curiae further submitted that â&#x20AC;&#x153;War is like a black holeâ&#x20AC;? $IWHU DIWHU WKH ZDU RQ WHUURU XQGHU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ QRZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is OKâ&#x20AC;?, EHFDXVH WKH ZRUOG KDV FKDQJHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ KDV FKDQJHG 3URYLQJ D SULPD IDFLH FDVH FRPSHOV WKH FRQFOXVLRQ VRXJKW WR EH SURYHQ XQOHVV HYLGHQFH VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW WR UHEXW WKH FRQFOXVLRQ is produced. The Amicus Curiae made no attempt to do so. This is clearly fatal omission on his part. In a case of trial

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

417

E\ -XU\ WKH EXUGHQ IDOOV RQ WKH -XURUV WR WKHQ GHFLGH ZKHWKHU the case against the accused has been proven beyond reasonable doubt see &RPPRQZHDOWK Y 3DXOH\ 0DVV DW 1 ( G DW ; &RPPRQZHDOWK Y &URVVFXS 0DVV 1 ( G ; &RPPRQZHDOWK Y /HLQEDFK 0DVV $SS &W 1 ( G ,Q RXU SUHVHQW FDVH KRZHYHU ZH KDYH VXÎ&#x20AC;FLHQW MXGLFLDO SUHFHGHQWV WR FRQFOXGH WKDW DQ XQUHEXWWHG finding of prima facie case amounts to proof beyond reasonable doubt see PP v. Sidek [Criminal Trial no: 47-5-1999] 31 January 2005. In its rebuttal of the submission by the Amicus Curiae WKH prosecution said that the reasoning by the Amicus is â&#x20AC;&#x153;so faulty at its coreâ&#x20AC;? WKDW LW VKRXOG EH UHMHFWHG ,Q DQ\ FDVH WKH SURVHFXWLRQ pointed out that the United States is a party to the Torture &RQYHQWLRQ DV ZHOO DV WR WKH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQV The prosecution then submitted that in presenting its case to WKH 7ULEXQDO LW KDG GHVFULEHG VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F DFWV RI EUHDFKLQJ WKH Geneva Convention committed by the 8 Accused Persons but the defence had not responded to them. Neither had the defence responded to many other matters raised in the prosecutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case.

Rebutting the Amicus CuriaeÂˇV FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW DIWHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is OKâ&#x20AC;?, WKH SURVHFXWLRQ UHLWHUDWHG WKDW HYHQ DIWHU â&#x20AC;&#x153;the prohibition of torture remains absoluteâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution stated that the defence can mock international customary ODZ EXW WKDW LV QRW WKH ZD\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 6XSUHPH &RXUW VHHV LW ,Q WKH +DPGDQ FDVH WKH FRXUW KHOG WKDW WKH &RPPRQ Article 3 of the Geneva Convention apply to Taliban and Al-Qaeda.

The prosecution also submitted in rebuttal that the stand taken E\ WKH 3HQWDJRQ LV WKDW WKH ODZV RI ZDU â&#x20AC;&#x153;have not changedâ&#x20AC;? VLQFH 7KH 3HQWDJRQ KDV EHHQ FRQVLVWHQW LQ LWV VWDQG LQ this matter.

Having considered all the evidence adduced by the prosecution DQG WKH VXEPLVVLRQV SXW IRUZDUG E\ ERWK WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG WKH GHIHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO XQDQLPRXVO\ Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW D prima facie

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case has been proved and the Amicus Curiae is invited to present its case for the 8 Accused persons.

The defence case 5

Upon being invited by the Tribunal to present the defenceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s FDVH DIWHU LWV Ã&#x20AC;QGLQJ WKDW D prima facie case has been made out E\ WKH SURVHFXWLRQ WKH Amicus Curiae informed the Tribunal that he has no more submission to make. His early submission LQ UHVSRQVH WR WKH SURVHFXWLRQÂ·V FDVH ZDV KLV Â´Ã&#x20AC;QDO VXEPLVVLRQÂµ on the matter. 7KH SURVHFXWLRQ OLNHZLVH LQIRUPV WKH 7ULEXQDO WKDW LW KDV QR LQWHQWLRQ WR PDNH DQ\ IXUWKHU VXEPLVVLRQ LQ WKH OLJKW RI the stand taken by the Amicus Curiae. In the light of these VWDWHPHQWV E\ ERWK WKH SURVHFXWLRQ DQG WKH GHIHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO DGMRXUQV WKH KHDULQJ UHVHUYLQJ LWV YHUGLFW WR EH GHOLYHUHG RQ WKH IROORZLQJ GD\ RQ 0D\ Torture and War Crimes

$IWHU FRQVLGHULQJ WKH GHIHQFH FDVH WKH 7ULEXQDO Ã&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH prosecution established beyond a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons: 25

Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021;

8 6 3UHVLGHQW *HRUJH : %XVK DQG KLV FR FRQVSLUDWRUV 5LFKDUG % &KHQH\ IRUPHU 8 6 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW 'RQDOG + 5XPVIHOG IRUPHU 'HIHQFH 6HFUHWDU\ $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV WKHQ &RXQVHO WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR WKH 9LFH President Â&#x2021; :LOOLDP +D\QHV ,, WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR 6HFUHWDU\ RI Defense Â&#x2021; -D\ %\EHH WKHQ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO Â&#x2021; -RKQ &KRRQ <RR IRUPHU 'HSXW\ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ General HQJDJHG LQ D ZHE RI LQVWUXFWLRQV PHPRV GLUHFWLYHV OHJDO DGYLFH DQG DFWLRQ WKDW HVWDEOLVKHG D FRPPRQ SODQ DQG SXUSRVH MRLQW HQWHUSULVH DQG RU FRQVSLUDF\ WR FRPPLW WKH FULPHV RI 7RUWXUH DQG :DU &ULPHV LQFOXGLQJ DQG QRW OLPLWHG WR D FRPPRQ SODQ DQG SXUSRVH WR FRPPLW WKH IROORZLQJ FULPHV LQ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

relation to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;War on Terrorâ&#x20AC;? DQG WKH ZDUV ODXQFKHG E\ WKH U.S. and others in Afghanistan and Iraq:

(a) E

F (d) (e) (f) (g)

419

Torture; &UHDWLQJ DXWKRUL]LQJ DQG LPSOHPHQWLQJ D UHJLPH RI &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW 9LRODWLQJ &XVWRPDU\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DZ Violating the Convention Against Torture 1984; Violating the Geneva Convention III and IV 1949; Violating the Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention of 1949. Violating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter.

Joint and Individual Criminal Liability 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG EH\RQG a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons are individually and jointly liable for all crimes committed in pursuit of their common plan and purpose under principles established by Article 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal WKH 1XUHPEHUJ &KDUWHU ZKLFK VWDWHV LQWHU DOLD â&#x20AC;&#x153;Leaders, organizers, instigators and accomplices participating in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit war crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any person in execution of such plan.â&#x20AC;? The Principles of the Nuremberg Charter and the Nuremberg 'HFLVLRQ KDYH EHHQ DGRSWHG DV FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ by the United Nations. The government of the United States LV VXEMHFW WR FXVWRPDU\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG WR WKH 3ULQFLSOHV of the Nuremburg Charter and the Nuremburg Decision. Complainant War Crime Victims

7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG EH\RQG a reasonable doubt that the Accused persons have committed WKH FULPHV VHW RXW LQ SDUDJUDSK KHUHRI LQFOXGLQJ EXW QRW OLPLWHG WR 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH IROORZLQJ &RPSODLQDQW :DU &ULPH 9LFWLPV ZKR DSSHDUHG EHIRUH WKLV 7ULEXQDO E\ VWDWXWRU\ GHFODUDWLRQ DQG RU LQ SHUVRQ XQGHU RDWK

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Abbas Abid; Moazzam Begg; Jameelah Abbas Hameedi; Ali Sh. Abbas (Alias Ali Shalal); Rhuhel Ahmed.

,UUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG LQMXU\ SDLQ DQG VXÍžHULQJ 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG EH\RQG a reasonable doubt that each of the Complainant War Crime 9LFWLPV KDV VXÍżHUHG LUUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG LQMXU\ DQG SDLQ DQG VXÍżHULQJ GXH WR WKH FULPLQDO DFWV RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DV VHW RXW LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH VZRUQ WHVWLPRQ\ DQG VWDWXWRU\ declarations presented at the Trial.

Absolute prohibition on Torture and Cruel, Inhumane and Degrading Treatment 7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKHUH LV DQ DEVROXWH SURKLELWLRQ RQ 7RUWXUH DQG RQ &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ DQG LQ WKH UHOHYDQW ODZV DQG UHJXODWLRQV RI the United States of America and of the U.S. Army (including $UP\ )LHOG 0DQXDO DOO RI ZKLFK ZHUH YLRODWHG E\ WKH Accused persons. As stated by Prof. Jordan J. Paust in â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Absolute Prohibition of Torture and Necessary and Appropriate Sanctions,â&#x20AC;? 9DOSDUDLVR /DZ 5HYLHZ 9RO 1XPEHU Summer 2009 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture is a form of treatment of human beings that is absolutely prohibited under various forms of customary and treaty-based international law in all social contexts. Other forms of treatment that are absolutely prohibited and often proscribed in the same international instruments that outlaw torture include prohibitions of cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.â&#x20AC;?

7KH 7ULEXQDO Ă&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV PDUVKDOOHG D VXEVWDQWLYH DQG SRZHUIXO DUUD\ RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG 8QLWHG 6WDWHV OHJDO SUHFHGHQWV WR VXSSRUW WKLV YLHZ %\ FRQWUDVW

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

421

FRXQVHO IRU WKH $FFXVHG DV Amicus Curiae KDV WHQGHUHG QR OHJDO DXWKRULW\ WR VXSSRUW KLV YLHZ WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;After 9/11, torture is OKâ&#x20AC;?. Nor has the amicus curiae RÍżHUHG DQ\ VXEVWDQWLDO OHJDO SUHFHGHQW VXSSRUWLQJ WKH YLHZV WDNHQ E\ WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH PHPRUDQGD H[HFXWLYH RUGHUV DQG GLUHFWLYHV DQG OHJDO RSLQLRQV JLYLQJ ULVH WR WKHLU FULPHV RI 7RUWXUH DQG &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ Treatment. The prosecution has noted that in ([ SDUWH 3LQRFKHW 1R > @ :/5 DW S ' (QJOLVK +RXVH RI /RUGV Â´WKH SURKLELWLRQ RI WRUWXUH LV DEVROXWH jus cogens DQG LV D SHUHPSWRU\ QRUP RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ IURP ZKLFK VWDWHV FDQQRW GHURJDWH Âľ ,Q WKDW FDVH /RUG +RSH VWDWHV WKDW WRUWXUH by public officials is â&#x20AC;&#x153;without doubt regarded by customary international law as an international crime.â&#x20AC;? ([FHSWLRQDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV VXFK DV ZDU LQVWDELOLW\ SXEOLF HPHUJHQF\ FDQQRW H[FXVH WRUWXUH $UWLFOH 81 'HFODUDWLRQ RQ WKH Protection of All Persons from being subjected to Torture DQG RWKHU &UXHO ,QKXPDQH DQG 'HJUDGLQJ 7UHDWPHQW RU 3XQLVKPHQW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQYHQWLRQ RI WKH /DZ RI Torture (the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Torture Conventionâ&#x20AC;?) The United States is party to the Torture Convention (23402340A Title 18 USC) $V WKH SURVHFXWLRQ KDV SRLQWHG RXW WKH 7RUWXUH &RQYHQWLRQ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHV ÂśWRUWXUHÂˇ DV ÂśWKH LQWHQWLRQDO LQĂ LFWLRQ RI VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ ZKHWKHU SK\VLFDO RU PHQWDO E\ RU ZLWK WKH FRQVHQW RU DFTXLHVFHQFH RI D SXEOLF RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO Âˇ $V HVWDEOLVKHG LQ ([ SDUWH 3LQRFKHW Â´7KH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ >RI Torture in Article 1 of the Torture Convention] is so wide that any DFW RI RÎ&#x20AC;FLDO WRUWXUH VR ORQJ DV LW LQYROYHG VHYHUH SDLQ RU VXÍżHULQJ would be covered by it.â&#x20AC;? Exculpatory reasons.

The prosecution has established that the exculpatory reasons E\ ZKLFK WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DWWHPSWHG WR VKLHOG WKHPVHOYHV from criminal liability for their acts under the Torture Convention are not valid. A party to the Torture Convention PD\ QRW XQLODWHUDOO\ UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH ZKDW WRUWXUH PHDQV QRU OLPLW LWV PHDQLQJ WR D VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F SK\VLRORJLFDO RXWFRPH VXFK DV IDLOXUH of an organ. The prosecution has established that â&#x20AC;&#x153;the acts of

422

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the Accused persons are so grave as to constitute Torture under the Torture Conventionâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution clearly established that the Memorandum E\ WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOÂˇV RIILFH GDWHG $XJ ZDV OHJDOO\ IODZHG LQ DGYLVLQJ WKDW WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV KDG DQ Â´XQGHUVWDQGLQJÂľ WKDW WRUWXUH ZDV OLPLWHG WR â&#x20AC;&#x153;extreme forms of cruel and inhuman treatmentâ&#x20AC;?. The prosecution notes that â&#x20AC;&#x153;reservations to the Convention under Articles 28 and 30 do not H[WHQG WR WKH ULJKW WR UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH WRUWXUHÂˇ

Violations of the Geneva Conventions The prosecution has established that the Accused persons have violated Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH &RPSODLQDQW :DU &ULPHV 9LFWLPV 7KH U.S. War Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. 2441) FULPLQDOL]HV DFWV RXWODZHG by Common Article 3 in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 US 557 applied the protections of Common Article 3 to detainees held at the U.S. EDVH DW *XDQWDQDPR &XED 5HOHYDQW SDUWV RI &RPPRQ $UWLFOH 3 bind the United States against â&#x20AC;&#x153;(a) cruel treatment and tortureâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;(c) Outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating DQG GHJUDGLQJ WUHDWPHQWÂľ Â´$ UHJXODUO\ FRQVWLWXWHG FRXUW DÍżRUGLQJ all the judicial guarantees which are recognized indispensable by civilized peoplesâ&#x20AC;? must precede any sentences. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The wounded and sick shall be cared for.â&#x20AC;? The prosecution has demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that â&#x20AC;&#x153;the US Executive branch, as represented by the President, the Vice-President, and the Defense Secretary [and their respective Accused counsel], intended by a conscious and wilful act not to treat the prisoners [including the Complainant War Crime Victims] in accordance with the Geneva Conventions.â&#x20AC;?

Breaches of the Geneva Conventions The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt that the acts of the Accused persons against the Complainant War Crime Victims constitute breaches of the Geneva &RQYHQWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ EXW QRW OLPLWHG WR WKH IROORZLQJ DV set out by the prosecution and not refuted by the amicus curiae:

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(b)

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7RUWXUH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(d)

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8VH RI ZHDSRQV DJDLQVW SULVRQHUV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

&ORVH FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

(g)

Inadequate heating and lighting in violation of Article *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ VHYHUHO\ FKLOOHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ URRPV KRXU OLJKWLQJ GDUN SULVRQV

+DELWXDO GLHW LJQRUHG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ IRUFHG HDWLQJ RI IRRG DJDLQVW religious norms;

(i)

Causing death of prisoners in violation of Article 3; Geneva Convention III;

(j)

Mutilation of prisoners in violation of Article 3; Geneva Convention III;

(k)

Reckless endangerment of health of prisoners in YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ suggesting suicide to a prisoner;

'HQLDO RI PHGLFDO FDUH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III;

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(n)

Inadequate recreational opportunities in violation of $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(o)

Transfer of prisoners to countries practicing torture in YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

(p)

Failure to notify prisoners in advance of transfer in YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

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&RQÃ&#x20AC;QHPHQW ZLWKRXW GD\OLJKW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III;

3XQLVKPHQW H[FHHGLQJ GD\V LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III;

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(u)

Failure to try prisoners in a regularly constituted court LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

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Z )DLOXUH WR WUDQVPLW OHJDO GRFXPHQWV IURP RU WR SULVRQHUV DQG GHQLDO RI YLVLWV E\ ODZ\HUV WR SULVRQHUV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, (x)

Failure to put prisoners on trial in impartial tribunals DQG SURQRXQFLQJ JXLOW EHIRUH D WULDO OHDGLQJ WR WKH resignation in protest by eight U.S. military attorneys;

(y)

Imposing moral or physical coercion to induce DGPLVVLRQV RI JXLOW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,, LQFOXGLQJ LQIRUPLQJ D &RPSODLQDQW :DU &ULPH 9LFWLP KHU GDXJKWHU ZRXOG EH UDSHG DQG KHU VRQ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012

LPSULVRQHG LI VKH GLG QRW FRQIHVV DQG EHLQJ IDOVHO\ WROG her daughter has been shot;

(z) 5

425

Failure to provide speedy trials in violation of Article *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ ,,,

DD *URVV GHQLDO RI GXH SURFHVV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH Geneva Convention III; 10

(bb) Absolving liability for redress of grave breaches under $UWLFOH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ III; FF )DLOXUH WR DOORZ SULVRQHUV WR FRPSODLQ WR WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD &RQYHQWLRQ III; (dd) Carrying out experiments to test the level of stress RI KXPDQ EHLQJV LQ YLRODWLRQ RI $UWLFOH *HQHYD Convention III; Accused U.S. President George W. Bush

The prosecution has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that WKH $FFXVHG 8 6 3UHVLGHQW *HRUJH : %XVK LV JXLOW\ RI ZDU FULPHV DV 0U %XVK â&#x20AC;&#x153;(a) Issued orders [such as a memorandum dated February 7, 2002 declaring al-Qaeda prisoners were outside the protection of the Geneva Conventions] authorizing treatment that would constitute a war crime; â&#x20AC;&#x153;(b) Intended these orders be acted upon;

â&#x20AC;&#x153;(c) Had knowledge these orders were indeed acted upon; â&#x20AC;&#x153;(d) Knew that the US was violating the Torture Convention and the Geneva Conventions and failed to intervene to prevent these violations.â&#x20AC;? See also Rasul v. Bush 2004 No. 03-334 S.C. US, January 14, 2004; Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 U.S. 557; Boumediane v. Bush 553 US 723 (2008).

426

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

Accused Richard B. Cheney, former U.S. Vice President The prosecution has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that $FFXVHG 5LFKDUG % &KHQH\ IRUPHU 8 6 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW Â´had knowledge of what was going on and in particular that the orders issued by Mr. Bush and Mr. Rumsfeld were issued and acted upon. [Mr. Cheney] was part of the policy makers in this regard. He plainly knew that there were violations of the Torture Convention and/or the Geneva Convention III and failed to intervene to prevent such activity.â&#x20AC;?

Accused Donald H. Rumsfeld, former Defence Secretary The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt WKDW $FFXVHG 'RQDOG + 5XPVIHOG IRUPHU 'HIHQFH 6HFUHWDU\ KDV LVVXHG 0HPRUDQGD DQG $FWLRQ 0HPRUDQGD WKDW ZHUH FHQWUDO WR WKH FRPPRQ SODQ DQG SXUSRVH MRLQW HQWHUSULVH DQG or conspiracy of the Accused persons to commit the crimes 7RUWXUH DQG :DU &ULPHV 7KHVH LQFOXGH DQG DUH QRW OLPLWHG WR D 0HPRUDQGXP IRU WKH -RLQW &KLHIV RI 6WDÍż GDWHG -DQXDU\ 2002 Â´DSSURYLQJ WKH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ JLYHQ WR KLP E\ OHJDO FRXQVHO $FFXVHG John Yoo and Robert Delabunty dated 9 January 2002 that CIA was free to ignore the Geneva Conventions as they did not apply to suspected al Qaeda and Taliban detainees.â&#x20AC;?

The prosecution also has established beyond a reasonable GRXEW WKDW 0U 5XPVIHOG ZDV â&#x20AC;&#x153;directly and personallyâ&#x20AC;? involved in the development of 18 techniques of enhanced interrogation WKDW DUH WDQWDPRXQW WR WRUWXUH DQG XVHG DW *XDQWDQDPR ,UDT and Afghanistan. See also Rasul v. Bush 2004 No. 03-334 S.C. 86 -DQXDU\ ; Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 U.S. 557; Boumediane v. Bush 553 US 723 (2008). $FFXVHG SHUVRQV $OEHUWR *RQ]DOHV WKHQ &RXQVHO WR 3UHVLGHQW %XVK 'DYLG $GGLQJWRQ WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR WKH 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW :LOOLDP +D\QHV ,, WKHQ *HQHUDO &RXQVHO WR 6HFUHWDU\ RI 'HIHQVH -D\ %\EHH WKHQ $VVLVWDQW $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -RKQ &KRRQ <RR IRUPHU 'HSXW\ $VVLVWDQW Attorney-General

The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt WKDW WKH DERYH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV DOO ODZ\HUV JDYH ÂśDGYLFHÂˇ

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

427

that â&#x20AC;&#x153;the Geneva Conventions did not apply [to suspected al Qaeda and Taliban detainees]; that there was no torture occurring within the meaning of the Torture Convention, and that enhanced interrogations techniques, [constituting cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment,] were permissible.Âľ 7KLV DGYLFH ZDV Â´Ă DZHG legal adviceâ&#x20AC;? DV GHWHUPLQHG E\ $OEHUWR - 0RUD *HQHUDO Counsel to the U.S. Navy. See also Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 548 U.S. 557. The prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt WKDW WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV â&#x20AC;&#x153;knew full well their advice was being sought to be acted upon, and in fact was acted upon, and such advice paved the way for violations of international law, the Geneva Conventions and the Torture Convention.â&#x20AC;?

7KH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH ZDV ELQGLQJ RQ WKH $FFXVHG %XVK 5XPVIHOG DQG &KHQH\ HDFK RI ZKRP UHOLHG RQ WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH 2WKHUV VXFK DV &,$ 'LUHFWRU *HRUJH 7HQHW DQG 'LDQH %HDYHU RÎ&#x20AC;FHU LQ FKDUJH DW *XDQWDQDPR UHOLHG RQ WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUVÂˇ DGYLFH 7KH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV FDPH WR WKH 8 6 EDVH DW *XDQWDQDPR &XED EHIRUH WKH OLVW RI HQKDQFHG LQWHUURJDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV ZDV FRPSLOHG The prosecution had established beyond a reasonable doubt WKDW WKH $FFXVHG ODZ\HUV DUH FULPLQDOO\ OLDEOH IRU WKHLU DFWV and for participating in a joint criminal enterprise. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Legal advisors who prepare legal advice that is so erroneous as to give rise to an international crime are themselves subject to the rules of international criminality.â&#x20AC;? See Alstotter case; Prosecutor v Tadic, &DVH 1R ,7 $ $SSHDO -XGJPHQW -XO\ >7DGLF Appeal Judgment]; Prosecutor v. Krnolejac, 7ULDO &KDPEHU 0DUFK . The verdict

After considering the evidence adduced by the prosecution and submissions by both the prosecution and the Amicus Curiae RQ EHKDOI RI WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV WKH 7ULEXQDO LV VDWLVĂ&#x20AC;HG EH\RQG UHDVRQDEOH GRXEW WKDW all the 8 Accused persons are guilty as charged.

Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal

428

7KH 7ULEXQDO Ã&#x20AC;QGV WKH $FFXVHG SHUVRQV Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021; Â&#x2021;

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Reparations 20

7KH 7ULEXQDO RUGHUV WKDW UHSDUDWLRQV FRPPHQVXUDWH ZLWK WKH LUUHSDUDEOH KDUP DQG LQMXU\ SDLQ DQG VXÍ¿HULQJ XQGHUJRQH by the Complainant War Crime Victims be paid to the Complainant War Crime Victims. While it is constantly mindful RI LWV VWDWXUH DV PHUHO\ D WULEXQDO RI FRQVFLHQFH ZLWK QR UHDO SRZHU RI HQIRUFHPHQW WKLV 7ULEXQDO Ã&#x20AC;QGV WKDW WKH ZLWQHVVHV in this case (being victims placed in detention illegally by the 8 convicted persons) are entitled ex justitia to the payment of reparations by the 8 convicted persons and their government. ,W LV WKH 7ULEXQDOÂ·V KRSH WKDW DUPHG ZLWK WKH )LQGLQJV RI WKLV 7ULEXQDO WKH ZLWQHVVHV YLFWLPV LQ WKLV FDVH ZLOO LQ WKH QHDU IXWXUH Ã&#x20AC;QG D VWDWH RU DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO MXGLFLDO HQWLW\ DEOH DQG ZLOOLQJ WR H[HUFLVH MXULVGLFWLRQ DQG WR HQIRUFH WKH YHUGLFW RI WKLV Tribunal against the 8 convicted persons and their government. 7KH 7ULEXQDOÂ·V DZDUG RI UHSDUDWLRQV VKDOO EH VXEPLWWHG WR the War Crimes Commission to facilitate the determination and collection of reparations by the Complainant War Crime Victims.

Notes of Proceedings: Case No. 2 - CP - 2012 1

429

,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO &RXUW 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO $V D WULEXQDO RI FRQVFLHQFH WKH 7ULEXQDO LV IXOO\ DZDUH WKDW LWV YHUGLFW LV PHUHO\ GHFODUDWRU\ LQ QDWXUH :H KDYH QR SRZHU RI HQIRUFHPHQW QR SRZHU WR LPSRVH DQ\ FXVWRGLDO VHQWHQFH RQ any one or more of the 8 convicted persons. :KDW ZH FDQ GR XQGHU Article 31 of Chapter VI of Part 2 of the Charter is to recommend to the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes &RPPLVVLRQ ZKLFK ZH +(5(%< '2 WR VXEPLW WKLV Ã&#x20AC;QGLQJ RI FRQYLFWLRQ E\ WKH 7ULEXQDO WRJHWKHU ZLWK D UHFRUG RI WKHVH SURFHHGLQJV WR WKH &KLHI 3URVHFXWRU RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &ULPLQDO &RXUW DV ZHOO DV WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV DQG WKH 6HFXULW\ Council. &RPPLVVLRQÂ·V 5HJLVWHU RI :DU &ULPLQDOV )XUWKHU XQGHU Article 32 RI WKH VDPH &KDSWHU WKLV 7ULEXQDO UHFRPPHQGV WR the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission that the names of all the 8 convicted persons herein be entered and included in the Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Register of War Criminals and be publicized accordingly. The Tribunal recommends to the War Crimes Commission to JLYH WKH ZLGHVW LQWHUQDWLRQDO SXEOLFLW\ WR WKLV FRQYLFWLRQ DQG JUDQW RI UHSDUDWLRQV DV WKHVH DUH XQLYHUVDO FULPHV IRU ZKLFK there is a responsibility upon nations to institute prosecutions if any of these Accused persons may enter their jurisdictions. %HIRUH ZH HQG WKHVH SURFHHGLQJV WKH 7ULEXQDO ZLVKHV WR SODFH on record its appreciation to counsel in both the prosecution team and the defence team for their diligence and dedication LQ WKH FRQGXFW RI WKLV PRVW GLÎ&#x20AC;FXOW FDVH LQ WKH UHDOP RI SXEOLF LQWHUQDWLRQDO ODZ Registrar Musa Ismail: <RXU +RQRXU E\ WKLV DQG IURP WKLV PRPHQW RQZDUGV DOO WKH DFFXVHG SHUVRQV DV FKDUJHG VKDOO EH UHFRUGHG LQ WKH :DU &ULPHV 5HJLVWHU DQG WKHLU QDPHV VKDOO EH DFFRUGLQJO\ published. All rise. (1'