COPYRIGHT TRANSFER CERIFICATE
Title of the Thesis : dSalj jksx ds ;ksx vkSj dky fu/kkZj.k
(T;ksfr’kh; lUnHkZ esa)
Research Scholar Name : Parveena Pathak
Copyright Transfer
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Mewar University all rights under copyright that may exist in and for the above thesis submitted for the award of the Ph. D. Degree.
(Parveena Pathak)
Note : However, the author may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce material extracted verbatim from the thesis or derivative of the thesis for the author’s personal use provided that the source and the university’s copyright notice are indicated.
2-11 jksx fopkj ds izlax esa jkf‛k;ksa dk ifjp; 22
2-12 jksx fopkj ds izlax esa xzgksa dk ifjp; 26
2-13 jksx fopkj ds izlax esa u{k=ksa dk ifjp; 29 2-14 jksx fopkj
3-1 dSlj jksx ds ;ksx vkSj dky fu/kkZj.k
dSalj jksx ds fu;eksa dk lkaf[;dh; fo‛ys’k.k
5-2 lHkh xzgksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-3 lHkh xzgksa dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 71
5-4 xzgksa dh u{k=ksa ij fLFkfr 77
5-5 xzgksa dh xzgksa ls ;qfr 84
5-6 xzgksa dh xzgksa ls fLFkfr izHkko 90
5-7 Hkkos‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 109
5-8 Hkkos‛kksa dh lHkh Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr 117
5-9 xzgksa dk Hkkoksa ls laca/k 125
5-10 dkbZ&Ldos;j VsLV 135
5-11 xkspj }kjk dSalj jksx dk lkaf[;dh; fo‛ys’k.k 139
5-12 n‛kk&varnZ‛kk ds fu;eksa dk lkaf[;dh; fo‛ys’k.k 139
T;ksfr"k ,oa vk;qosZn nksuks bl ckr ij lger gS] fd euq"; vius iwokZftZr v‛kqHk
deksZ ds izHkko o‛k jksxh curk gSA rFkk vU; fo"k;ksa dh Hkkafr euq"; dks gksus
okys jksxksa ds laca/k esa Hkh tUedq.Myh ds vk/kkj ij iwoZ tkudkjh izkIr dh tk
ldrh gSA
jksxksa ds laca/k esa dqN yksxksa dh ;g /kkj.kk gS] fd os vkgkj&fogkj vkfn dh
vfu;ferk ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrs gSA vkSj ;fn euq"; bu ij leqfpr fu;U=.k
j[ks] rks og LOkLFk ,ao nh?kZthoh cuk jg ldrk gSA fdUrq T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh
ekU;rk blls fHkUu gSA og ek= vfu;fer vkgkj fogkj dks gh jksxkasRifr dk
dkj.k ugh ekurk D;ksafd ;g ckr vusd ckj izR;{k :i ls ns[kus esa vkrh gS] fd dqN yksx furkUr vfu;fer thou fcrkrs gq, Hkh LoLFk jgrs gSA vkSj dqN
vU; fu;fer thou ds vH;klh yksx Hkh jksxks ds f‛kdkj cu tkrs gSA bl fo"k; esa ,d vkSj /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd ;fn ek= vkgkj&fogkj dh
vfufe;rk dks gh jksxksRifr dk dkj.k eku fy;k tk; rks vkuqoaf‛kd jksx]
egkekjh tU; jksx ,ao nq?kZVuk tU; jksxks dh mRifr ds dkj.k dh HkYkh&Hkkafr
O;k[;k ugh dh tk ldrhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vk;qosZn ‚kkL= us Hkh jksxksRifr ds
dkj.kksa dk fopkj djus gq, vUr esa ;g cryk;k fd dHkh iwokZftZr deksZ ds izHkko ls] dHkh&dHkh nksuks ds izdksi ls vkSj dHkh&dHkh bu nksuks ds izHkko ls
‚kkjhfjd ( okr] fir ,ao dQ ) ,oa ekufld jksx gksrs gSA
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh ekU;rk gS fd izR;sd NksVk&cMk jksx iwokZftZr deZ&Qy ds
:Ik esa mRiUu gkssrk gSA rFkk tUedky] iz‛udky ,ao xkspj esa izfrdwy xzgksa ds
}kjk mldh tkudkjh dh tk ldrh gSA viuh blh ekU;rk ds vuqlkj og
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh tUedq.Myh ds vk/kkj ij o"kksZa iwoZ gh ;g ?kksf"kr dj nsus
esa leFkZ gS] fd ml O;fDr dks veqd le; esa veqd jksx gksxk vkSj mldk
ifj.kke veqd fudysxkA
izk;% izR;sd O;fDr ds eu esa jksx dk Hk; O;kIr gSa] tc Hkh og vius fdlh fe= ;k HkkbZ cU/kq dks jksxh ns[krk gS rks mlds eu esa vusdksa iz‛u vkus yxrs gSaA og
vusd jksxksa dh dYiuk mudh dkykof/k] lk/; ;k vlk/; ds ckjs esa lkspus yxrk gSA ;fn fdlh jksx dh lEHkkouk dk Kku jksx ls iwoZ gks tkrk gS rks
O;fDr ml ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, iwoksZik; vkfn dj ysrk gSA ;|fi oSDlhus‛ku (Vaccination) mlh vKkr Hk; dk ifj.kke gSA ijUrq fdlh fuf‛pr jksx dk iwokZuqeku fdlh fo‛ks’k O;fDr dks gksxk ;k ugha ;fn gksxk rks dc gksxk tkuuk ‚kks/k dk mn~ns‛; gSA izLrqr ‚kks/k *dSalj jksx ds ;ksx vkSj dky fu/kkZj.k*
esa dSalj dh lEHkkoukvksa dk Kku T;ksfr’k ds ;ksxksa }kjk fd;k tkus dk iz;kl gS
rFkk T;ksfr’k dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk o xkspj }kjk ;g tkuus dk Hkh iz;kl gS fd bl jksx dh lEHkkouk dc gSA
dSalj jksx
1.1 izLrkouk %&
dSaalj ,d yEch vof/k rd gksus okyk jkssx gSA blfy, NBas Hkko o v"Ve Hkko
dk laca/k cuuk vko‛;d gSA D;ksfd NBk Hkko jksx vkSj vkBoka Hkko yEch vof/k
rd gksus okys jksx gSA ‚kfu vkSj jkgq yEcs le; rd pyus okys jksxk dh lqpuk
nsrs gSA blfy, bu nksuks xzgks dh Hkwfedk Hkh dalj jksx ds gksus es eq[; gksrh
gSA dalj jksx dk laca/k jkgq] ihfMr panzek] ihfMr] c`gLifr ;k ‚kfu ls gksrk gSA
vksj ;g es"k] o`"k ddZ] rqyk vkSj edj jkf‛k;ks ls lacaf/kr gksrk gSA fdlh O;fDr
dh dqaMyh esa pUnzek tc "k"Bs‛k ;k v"Ves‛k gksdj ihfMr gksrk gS vkSj lkFk gh
n‛kk Hkh izfrdwy py jgh gks rc O;fDr dks dlj dh laHkkouk curh gSA
dlj ;k ddZ jksx ,d Hk;kog jksx gSA ;|fi izkjafHkd voLFkk eas bldk irk
py tk, rks bldk iw.kZ bykt laHko gS ijUrq vHkh Hkh bldk ‚kh?kz irk yx
ikuk ,d eqf‛dy lEHkkouk gh ekuh tkrh gSA
T;ksfr"k% esa ftl vax esa ;g jksx gksrk gSA ml vax dk Lokeh ,o dkjd xzg
bl jksx ds fy, eq[;r% mRrjnk;h ik;k x;k gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ Nkrh d dsalj ds fy, pUnzek] jDr dSalj ds fy, eaxy ,ao isV rFkk vkarfM;ksa ds fy, lw;Z blh
izdkj yhoj ds fy, cq/k ;k c`gLifr] tuukaxks ds fy, ‚kqdz] gkFk iSj ds fy,
‚kfu bl jksx dk dkj.k curk gSA pawfd ‚kjhj esa xzafFk cukus esa jkgq dk izeq[k gkFk jgrk gSA blfy, jkgq dks bl jksx dk dkjd ekuk tkrk gSA D;ksfd bl jksx dk irk cgqr ckn esa gks ikrk gS rFkk jksx dk dkj.k xqIr gh jgrk gSA
vr% dsrq bldk f}rh; dkjd gSA
1-2 dSalj%& vFkZ vkSj ifjHkk"kk
dlj jksxks dk ,d ,slk oxZ gS tles dksf‛kdkvksa dk ,d lewg vfu;af=r o`f)
(lkekU; lhek ls vf/kd foHkktu) jksx vkdze.k (vkl ikl ds mrdks dk fouk‛k
vkSj mu ij vkdze.k) vksj dHkh dHkh vij#ikaj.k (yfldk ;k jDr ds ek/;e
l ‚kjhj ds vU; Hkkxks esa Qsy tkrk gS) iznf‛kZr djrk gSA vf/kdka‛k dlj ,d
xkaB ;k vcqnZ V;wej cukrs gS] tks Lo;a lhfer gS] vkdzed ugh gS ;k
vij#ikarj.k iznZf‛kr ugh djrs gSA ysfdu dqN dSalj tSls jDr dsalj
(‚osrjDrrk) xkaB ugh cukrk gSA fpfdRlk dh og ‚kk[kk tks dalj ds v/;;u]
funku mipkj vkSj jksdFkke ls lEcaf/kr gS] mls vcqZnfoKku ;k vkWUdksykWth
dgrs gSA
vcqZnfoKku esa dlj dh fuEu xfrfof/k;ka lfEefyr gSA
fdlh O;fDr ds ‚kjhj es fdlh Hkh izdkj ds dlj dk funku jksx fu.kZ;
fpfdRLkk (vFkkZr ‚kY; fpfdRlk] jlk;u fpfdRLkk] jsfM;ks fpfdRlk vkfn)
dlj jksfx;ksa ds Bhd gksus ds ckn vuqijh{k.k (follow-up)
laj{k.k dk; (screening)
Rkkfd vU; yksxks dks dlj u idMs ;k dlj jksfx;ksa ds lacaf/k;ks dks dlj ls
cpkuk (ml izdkj ds dSalj esa ftuds ckjs es ekU;rk gS fd osa oa‛kkuqxr gksrs gSA
tSls Lru dk dsaljA
dSalj lHkh mez ds yksxks dks] ;gka rd fd Hkzw.k dks Hkh izHkkfor dj ldrk gS]
ysfdu vf/kdak‛k dSalj dk [krjk mez ds lkFk c<rk tkrk gSA vesfjdu dalj
lkslk;Vh d vuqlkj 2007 ds nksjku iqjs fo‛o es 76 yk[k yksxks dh e`R;q dSalj ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA
yxHkx lHkh ddZV #ikarfjr dksf‛kdkvksa ds vkuqoaf‛kd inkFkZ (Genes) esa
vlkekU;rkvksa ds dkj.k gksrs gSA ;as vlkekU;rk,a dkflZukstu ;k ddZVtu
(ddZV isnk djus okys dkjd) ds dkj.k gks ldrh gS tls rEckdq] /kzqeziku]
fofdj.k] jlk;u ;k ladzked] dkjd] ddZV dks mRiUUk djus okyh vU;
vkuqoaf‛kd vlkekU;rk,a dHkh dHkh DND ddZV (Mh,u,) izfrd`fr esa =qfV ds
dkj.k gks ldrh gS ;k vkuqoaf‛kd #Ik ls izkIr gks ldrh gS] vkSj bl izdkj ls
tUEk ls gh lHkh dksf‛kdkvksa esa mifLFkr gksrh gSA
dSalj dh vkuqoaf’kdrk lkekU;r;k dkflZukstu vkSj iks"kd ds thukse ds chp
tfVy varfdzZ;k ls izHkkfor gksrh gSA dlj esa ikbZ tkus okyh vkuqoaf‛kd
vlkekU;rk,a vkerkSj ij thu ds nks lkekU; oxkZs dks izHkkfor djrh gSA ddZV
dks c<kok nsus okys vcqZnthu izk#fid #i ls ddZV dh dksf‛kdkvksa eas lfdz; gksrs gSA mu dksf‛kdkvksa dk u, xq.k ns nsrs gSA tsls lkekU; ls vf/kd o`f)
vkSj foHkktu] dzeknsf‛kr dksf‛kdk e`R;q ls lqj{kk] lkekU; mrd lhekvksa dk
vHkko vkSj fofo/k mrd okrkoj.k esa LFkkfir gksus dh {kerk blds ckn xkaB dk
‚keu djus okys thu ddZVd dh dksf‛kdkvksa esa fu"dz; gks tkrs gS] ftlds
ifj.kkeLo#i mu dksf‛kdkvksa dh lkekU; fdz;kvksa eas deh vk tkrh gS taSlS lgh
Mh,u, izfrdqy dksf‛kdk pd ij fu;a=.k] mRrdks ds Hkhrj vfHkfoU;kl vkSj
vklatu vkSj izfrj{kk ra= dh lqj{kkRed dksf‛kdkvksa ds lkFk ikjLifjd fdz;kA
lkekU;r% dSalj ds funku ds fy, fpfdRld dks ,d mRrd ck;ksIlh uewus dk
mRrd oSKkfud ijh{k.k djuk iMrk gS] ;|fi nqnZerk ds izkjafHkd ladsr
fofdj.k ys[kh fp=.k vlekU;rk ds y{k.k gks ldrs gSA
vf/kdak‛k ddZ jksxks dk bykt fd;k tk ldrk gS] dqN dks Bhd Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ijarq ;g dlj ds fo‛ks’k izdkj] fLFkfr vkSj voLFkk ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA ,d ckj funku gks tkus ij dlj dk mipkj ‚kY; fpfdRlk] jlk;u
fpfdRlk] vkSj fofdj.k fpfdRlk ds la;kstu ds }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vuqla/kku ds fodkl ds lkFk] ddZV dh fofHku fdLeks ds fy, mipkj vkSj
vf/kd fof‛k"V gks jgs gSA yf{kr Fksjsih nokvksa ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ izxfr gqbZ
gSA tks fof‛k"B xkaB esa tkap ;ksX; vk.kfod vlkekU;rkvksa ij fo‛ks"k #i ls dk;Z djrh gSA vkSj lkekU; dksf‛kdkvksa eas {kfr dks de djrh gSA ddZV ds
jksfx;k dk iwoZ funku ddZV ds izdkj ls cgqr vf/kd izHkkfor gksrk gSA lkFk gh jksx dh voLFkk vkSj lhek dk Hkh bl ij izHkko iMrk gSA
1-3 dlj dk oxhZdj.k%&
dlj dks dksf‛kdk ds izdkj ds v/kkj ij oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS] tksa xkaB ls lekurk j[krh gS] blhfy, mrd dks xkaB ls mRiUu ekuk tk ldrk gSA
lkekU; Js.kh ds mnkgj.kks es ‚kkfey gSA
1- dkflZuksek % midrk dksf‛kdkvksa ls O;qRiUu nqnZe xkaB] ;g lewg lkekU; dSaljks dks vfHkO;Dr djrk gS] ftles Lru] izksLVsV] QsQMs vkSj cMh vkar ds ddZV ds lkekU; #i ‚kkfey gSA
2- lkdksZek % la;ksth mrd ;ks e/;ksrd dksf‛kdkvksa ls O;qRIkUu nqnZe xkaB
3- fyaQksek vkSj jDr ddZV (‚osrjDrrk) % nqnZerk fgesVksiks;fVd (jDr cukus okyh dksf‛kdkvksa ls mRiUu gksrh gSA
4- tuu dksf‛kdk xkaB % VksVhiksVsaV dksf‛kkdk ls mRIkUu xakB o;Ldksa esa vDlj ‚kqdz xzafFk vksj vaMk‛k; es ik;k tkrk gSA Hkzw.k] cPpksa vksj NksVs cPpksa esa vf/kdka‛kr;k ‚kjhj dh e/; js[kk ij] fo‛ks"k #i ls i`PN vfLFk ds ‚kh"kZ ij ik;k tkrk gSA
5- CykfLVd xkaB ;k CykLVksek% ,d xkaB (vkerksj ij nqnZe) tks ,d vifjid ;k Hkzw.kh; mrd ds leku gksrh gSA
buesa ls vf/kdak‛k xkaBs cPpksa esa vke gSA
1-4 dlj ds fpUg vkSj y{k.k%
lkekU;r% dSalj ds y{k.kks dks rhu lewgks eas foHkkftr fd;k gk ldrk gSA
1- LFkkuh; y{k.k % vlkekU; xkaB ;k lwtu (vcqnZ) jDrL=ko] ([kwu cguk)
ihMk vkSj@;k ozuksnHkou (vYlj dk fuekZ.k) vklikl ds mrdks esa laihMu dh
otg ls ihfy;k tSlS y{k.k iSnk gks ldrs gSA (vka[kks vkSj Ropk dk ihykiu)
2- esVkLVsfll (Qsyuk) ds y{k.k % yfldk ioksZ dk vkdkj esa c<uk] [kklh vkSj
fgeksiVk;fll] fgisVksfexsyhv (;d`r dk vkdkj es Ck<uk) vfLFk ihMk (gMMh esa
nnZ) izHkkfor vfLFk;ksa dk VqVuk vkSj ra=hdh; y{k.kA
3- iz.kkyhxr y{k.k % otu ?kVuk] Hkw[k esa deh] Fkdku vkSj dSpsfDl;k (O;FkZ
gksuk) vR;f/kd ilhuk vkuk (jkr dks ilhuk vkuk) jDrkYirk vkSj fof‛k"V
isjkfu;ksIykfLVd ?kVuk] vFkkZr fo‛ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ka tk lfdz; ddZV ds dkj.k
gksrh gS tSls ?kukL=rk (FkzksEcksfll) ;k gkeksZu ifjorZUkA
1-5 dlj ds dkj.k %&
dSalj fHkUu jksxks dk ,d oxZ gS tks vius dkj.kk vkSj tSo foKku esa O;kid
fHkUurk j[krs gSA yxHkx lHkh dlj /khjs&/khjs c<rs gSA bl izdkj ls dlj ,d
izxfr‛khy jksx gS vkSj ;s izxfr‛khy =qfV;k /khjs&/khjs dksf‛kdk esa lafpr gksrh
jgrh gSA tc rd tarq eaas mifLFkr dksf‛kkdk vius dk;SZ ds foifjr dk;Z ugh
djus yxrhA
okLro esa] ,d ckj tc dSalj fodflr gksuk ‚kq# gks tkrk gS] ;gh cy fujUrj
vf/kd vkdzed voLFkkvksa dh vksj dlj dh izxfr es lgk;d gksrk gSA vksj ;g Dyksuy fodkl dgykrk gSA
ddZV ds dkj.kks ds ckjs es vuqla/kku vDlj fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ks esa vkrs gSA
dkjd (ok;jl) vkSj ?kVuk,a (mRifjorZu) tks dksf‛kdkvksa esa vkuqokaf‛kd
ifjorZuks ds }kjk ddZV dks tUe nsrs gSA
vkuqokaf‛kd {kfr dh ;FkkFkZ izd`fr vkSj thu tks blds }kjk izHkkfor gksrs gSA
dksf‛kdk ds tho foKku ij mu vkuqoaf‛kd ifjorZuks ds ifj.kke] ,d dlj
dksf‛kdk ds yk{kf.kd xq.kks dks mRiUu djus esa vkSj lkFk gh vfrfjDr
vkuqokaf‛kd ?kVukvks dks c<kok nsus es tks vkxs dSalj ds fodkl es lgk;d gSA
1-6 dSalj iSnk djus okys dkjd%&
dSalj jksx gksus dk dkj.k Mh,u, mRIkfjorZu tks dksf‛kkdk o`f) vkSj esVkLVsfll
dks izHkkfor djrk gSA os iznkFkZ tks Mh,u, mRifjorZu dk dkj.k gS] mRifjorZu
dgykrs gSA vkSj os mRifjorZu tks dSalj dk dkj.k gS] dkflZukstu dgykrs gSA
dbZ fo‛ks"k izdkj ds inkFkZ fof‛k"V izdkj ds fo{ksi ls tqMs gq, gSA rEckdq
/kqzeziku ddZV ds dbZ #iksa ls lacaf/kr gS] vkSj 90 izfr‛kr QsQMk ds dlj dk
dkj.k gSA
vk;uhdj.k djus okys fofdj.k ds L=ksr tls jsMksr xSl] dlj iSnk dj ldrs
gSA lw;Z ds ijkcSxuh fofdj.k ds yacs le; rd laidZ esa jgus ls esysuksek vkSj vU; Ropk nqnZerk,a gks ldrh gSA eksckby Qksu vkSj vU; L=ksrks ls fudyus
okys xSj vk;uhdj.k vko`fr fofdj.k Hkh dlj dk dkj.k ekus tkrs gSA
dqN dSalj jksxtud ds ladze.k ds dkj.k gks ldrs gSA dbZ dSalj ,d ok;jl
d ladze.k ds dkj.k gksrs gSA fo‛o esa 15 izfr‛kr ekuo dlj ds fy, ok;jl gh ftEesnkj gSA ekuo ds dSalj ls lEcaf/kr eq[; dkj.k ok;jl gSA ekuo
isfiyksek ok;jl] gsisVkbfVl ch vkSj gsisVkfVl lh ok;jl] ,iLVhu ckj ok;jl
vkSj ekuo Vh fyEQksVzksfid ok;jl bu lHkh ok;jlksa l laixZ gksus ij dlj dh
izcy laHkkouk jgrh gSA
blh izdkj ls dqN gkeksu xSj mRifjorZtfud dflZtkstUl dks rjg O;ogkj
djrs gS] os vfrfjDr dksf‛kdk o`f) dks mrsftr dj ldrs gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,
vUrxZHkkZ‛; ds dlj dks fodflr djus esa gkbij ,LVzkstksfud (,LVkzstu gkeksu
dh ek=k dk c<uk) voLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk jgrh gSA
HiV dbZ izdkj dh nqnZerkvks ls lEcaf/kr gSA ftles ‚kkfey gS dkikslh lkdksZek
xSj gkstfdUl fyEQksek vkSj HPV lEcaf/kr nqnZerk,a tSls xqnk dlj vkSj
xHkkZ‛k; xzhok dk dSalj bR;kfnA
1-7 mipkj%&
dSalj dk mipkj ‚kY; fpfdRlk] jlksfpfdRlk dheksFksjih) fofdj.k fpfdRlk]
izfrj{kk fpfdRlk Fksjih) eksuksDyksuy ,aVhckWMh fpfdRlk ;k vU; fof/k;ksa ds
}kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA Fksjsih dk p;u xkaB dh fLFkfr vkSj Js.kh rFkk jksx
dh voLFkk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
T;ksfr"k
2-1 izLrkouk
oSfnd n‛kZuks esa ;Fkk fi.Ms rFkk czg~ek.Ms dk fl)kUr ikSjkf.kd dky ls izpfyr
gSA ;g fl)kUr crykrk gSa fd lkSj txr esa lw;Z] pUnz ,ao vU; xzgksa dh
fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa ,oa fdz;k dykiksa esa tks fu;e dke djrs gSa] Bhd os gh
fu;e izk.kh ek= ds ‚kjhj es fLFkr lkSj txr dh bdkbZ dk lapkyu djrs gSaA
izFke n`"V;k ds le; lEHkor% gekjs fy, ;g fo‛okl djuk dfBu gks ldrk
gSa] fd gekjs vkSj xzg u{k=ksa ds e/; dksbZ lh/kk lEid ;k vknku iznku gSaA
fdUrq gesa ;g ckr n`f"V ls vks>y ugh gksus nsus pkfg, fd fo|qr ,oa czgzkk.M
jf‛e;ksa (dkfLed jsat) fdj.kk }kjk gekjk] lkSj txr esa fLFkr xzg u{k=ksa ds
fi.Mksa lsa lh/kk lEiZd gSa ftudh jklk;fud cukoV fujUrj ifjofrZr gksrh gqbZ
ge ij lrr ,oa vfofPNUUk izHkko Mky jgh gSaA
;g ckr fufoZokn #i ls lR; gS] fd czg~ek.M ,oa mlds okfl;ks ds e/; lrr ,oa lgt lEcU/k izfrLFkkfir djus dk Js; izkphu Hkkjrh; egf"kZ;ksa dks gh izkIr
gSa] ftUgksaus bl lEcU/k dks izfrikfnr dj T;ksfr"k ,oa ;ksx ‚kkL= ds lkekU; fl)kUrksa dk iz.k;u fd;k gSaA
vkt ds oSKkfud] ekuo ,oa vU; izkf.k;ksa ij xzgksa ds izHkko esa vkLFkk j[ksa ;k u j[ksa fdUrq os bl ckr ls vk‛p;kZfUor gq, fcuk ugh jg ldrs gSa fd leqnz dh leryrk esa] ok;qe.My ds ncko esa] _rqvksa ds ifjorZu esa rFkk HkwdEi vkfn dh vko`fr;ksa esa tks ?kVuk pdz ds ncko fn[kykbZ nsr jgrs gS] mudk lw;Z ,oa pUnzek vkfn dh xfr@fLFkfr ds lkFk lh/kk lEcU/k gSaA iwf.kek ,oa vekoL;k ij leqnz ds vUnj Tokj HkkVs dh ygjsa cgqr cMh gks tkrh gSa] ok;qe.My esa Hkh vU; voljks dh vis{kk vf/kd la{kksHk gksrk gS ;k HkwdEi ds >Vds yxrs gSa]
vkf[kjdkj ,slk D;k gksrk gSa blfy, fd tc vkdk‛ke.My esa lw;Z ,oa pUnzek
ikl ikl gksrs gSa tSlk fd vekoL;k dks] vFkok tc os ,dsrj ls Bhd foifjr
fn‛kk esa gkssrs gSa&tSlk fd iwf.kZek dks] rks os vius vkd"kZ.k fod"kZ.k }kjk leqnz
dh leryrk esa] ok;qe.My esa rFkk Hkwfe ds lUrqyu esa ,d foy{k.k la{kksHk iSnk
dj nsrs gSa ftuds izHkkoo‛k Tokj HkkVk] rwQku ;k HkwdEi tSlh ?kVuk,a ?kfVr
gksrh gSaA
2-1-1 deZokn T;ksfr"k
LkeLr Hkkjrh; Kku dh i`"BHkwfe n‛kZu‛kkL= gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr esa vU; izdkj ds Kku dks nk‛kZfud ekin.M ls ekik tkrk gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vius blh vVy fl)kUr ds vuqlkj og T;ksfr"k dks Hkh blh n`f"V ls ns[krk gSaA
Hkkjrh; n‛kZu ds vuqlkj vkRek dks vtj vej ekuk x;k gSa] bldk dHkh Hkh uk’k ugh gksrkA dsoy ;g deksZ ds vukfn izokg ds dkj.k vusdkusd ;ksfu;ksa dks cnyrh jgrh gSaA izk.kh ek= ds ‚kjhj esa jgusa okyk ;g rRo fuR; ,oa pSrU; gSa] dsoy deZcU/ku ds dkj.k ijrU= ,oa fouk‛kh fn[kykbZ nsrk gSaA
oSfnd n‛kZuks esa deZ ds lafpr] izkjC/k ,oa fdz;ek.k ;s rhu Hksn ekus x;as gSa fdlh ds }kjk orZeku {k.k rd fd;k x;k deZ pkgs og bl tUe dk gks ;k
tUekUrjksa dk lafpr dgykrk gSa lafpr dk og Hkkx ftldk Qy feyrk izkjEHk
gks pqdk gS] mls izkjC/k dgrs gSa rFkk tks deZ ge dj jgs gSa] vkSj Hkfo";r esa djsaxs os lc ek.k dgykrs gSaA
Qy ifjikd dh n`f"V ls tUe tUekUrjksa las ysdj vkt ds orZeku {k.k rd fd;s x; deksZ dk Qy lafpr Qy dgykrk gSaA vusd tUe tUekUrjks ds
lafpr deZ Qy dks ,d lkFk Hkksxuk lEHko ugh gSaA D;ksfd bu deksZ ds
ifj.kkeLo#i feyus okys Qy ijLij fojkssssssssss/kh gksrs gSaA vr% bUgs ,d ds ckn ,d dj Hkksxuk iMrk gSa ifj.kker% lafpr esa ls ftrus deksZ ds Qy dks Hkkssxuk
izkjEHk gkss pqdk gSa] mrus dks gh izkjC/k dgrs gSaA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd lafpr vFkkZr
tUe tUekUrjk ds deksZ ds Qy laxzg esa las orZeku dky esa fey jgs Qy ds
,d NksVs ls Hkkx dks izkjC/k dgrs gSaA rFkk tks deZ vHkh gks jgk gSa ;k gksxk]
mldk ifj.kke fdz;ek.k dk Qy dgykrk gSaA
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= us bu f=fo/k deksZ dk fopkj djus ds fy, rhu fHkUu fHkUu
i)fr;ks dk vkJ; fy;k gSaA Qfyr ‚kkL= esa lafpr deZ ds Qy dk fopkj
vk/kku dq.Myh ,oa tUe dq.Myh esa cus ;ksxksa }kjk] izkjC/k ds Qy dk fopkj
n‛kkvksa }kjk rFkk fdz;ek.k ds Qy dk fopkj xkspj ,oa iz‛udq.Myh }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSaA blhfy, vU/kRo] dk.kRo] ewdRo] cf/kjRo vkfn tUetkr jksxkssa dk fopkj djrs le; Qfyr ‚kkL= ds vkpk;ksZ us xHkZ/kku ,oa tUe dq.Myh ds
;ksxks dks gh egRo fn;k gSa ;s jksx n‛kk] vUrnZ‛kk ;k izR;Urna‛kk vkfn ds fopkj
dh vis{kk ugh j[krsA fdUrq okr] fir ,oa dQ ds fo"k; }kjk mRiUu jksx rFkk
‚kjhj ds fofo/k vaxks esa mRiUu gksus okys fodkjksa dk fopkj ;ksxk ds lkFk n‛kk]
vUrnZ‛kk ,o izR;Urj n‛kk vkfn dh vis{kk j[krk gS dkj.k ;g gS fd izkjC/k
lafpr dk gh ,d vax bldk fopkj djrs le; lafpr dh mis{kk ugh fd tk
ldrhA blhfy, bu jksxks dk fopkj djrs le; T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds vkpk;ksZ us
;ksx rFkk n‛kk bu nksuks i)fr;k dk vkJ; fy;k gSaA feF;k vkgkj&fogkj vkfn
ds }kjk mRiUu jksxks dks fdz;ek.k dk Qy ekuk tkrk gSaA fdUrq ;g fdz;ek.k
Hkh lafpr ,oa izkjC/k ds feyki ls mRiUu gksrk gSaA vr% ,sls jksxks dk fopkj
djrs le; ;ksx ,oa n‛kk ds vykok rkRdkfyd xkspjh; xzgfLFkfr dk Hkh
ckjhdh ls v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSaA
2-1-2 vk;qosZn ,oa T;ksfr"k %&
gekjs ‚kjhj ,oa eu esa mRiUu gksus okys fodkj] ftuls gesa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk
nq%[k feyrk ihMk feyrh gS] dks jksx dgrsa gSaA bu jksxk dh mRifr ds dkj.k]
y{k.k Hksn ,oa fpfdRlk fof/k esa vk;qosZn ,oa T;ksfr"k esa fdruh lekurk gSa bldk ;gka la{ksi esa fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSaA
vkrqjksidze.kh; dh O;k[;k djrs gq, Hkxoku /kUoUrfj us lqJqr ls dgk gSa fd
jksxh dh fpfdRlk ‚kq# djus ls ifgys oS| dks mldh vk;q dh ijh{kk dj ysuh
pkfg,A D;ksafd vk;q ds ‚ks"k gkus ij gh fpfdRlk }kjk Bhd gks ldrk gSA ;fn
vk;q ‚ks"k gks rks] _rq o;] cy ,oa vkS"kf/k dk fopkj dj fpfdRlk djuh
pkfg,A Qfyr T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= esa Hkh jksxh dk Qykns‛k djus ls ifgys mldh
vk;q dh HkyhHkkfr ijh{kk djus ij tksj fn;k x;k gSaA
2-1-3 jksxksRifr ds dkj.k
vk;qosZn esa deZ izdksi ,oa nks"k izdksi dks jksxksRifr dk dkj.k ekuk x;k gSaA
vkpk;Z MYg.k dgrs gSa fd lkekU;r;k feF;k vkgkj ,oa fogkj ls jksx mRiUu
gkssrs gSaA fdUrq tc euq"; _rq ds vuqlkj vkgkj&fogkj djrk gSa] lno`fr dk
lsou djrk gks ,oa jksxksRifr dk ekSle Hkh u gks vkSj vpkud jksx mRiUu gks
tk; rks ml jksx dks deZtU;jksx ekuuk pkfg,A okLrfodrk ;g gS fd vkgkj
fogkj Hkh ,d izdkj dk deZ gh gSa] ftlds feF;k ;ksx ls jksx mRiUu gksrs gSaA
tSlk fd igys Hkh crk;k tk pqdk gS] n‛kZu‛kkL= esa deZ ds rhu Hksn ekus x;s
gSa& 1 lafpr 2 izkjC/k 3 fdz;ek.kA
vk;qosZn esa deZtU; jksxksa dk dkj.k tks deZ ekuk x;k gSa] og lafpr deZ gSa
ftlds ,d Hkkx dks izkjC/k ;k nSo dgk x;k gSaA rFkk feF;k vkgkj fogkj vkfn
fdz;ek.k deZ gSaA bl izdkj deZ izdksi nksuks ds ewy essa v‛kqHk ;k vuqdeZ gh ,d ek= gsrq fn[kykbZ nssrk gSa blfy, T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds vkpk;ksZ us euq"; ds
iwokZftr deZ ;k tUekUrj esa fofgr iki jksx dk dkj.k ekuk gS
2-1-4 T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh vk;qosZn dks nsu
vk;qosZn us ftu jkssxks dks deZtU; eku dj vlk/; dg fn;k rFkk ,sls jksxksa ds funku ,oa fpfdRlk fof/k ij i;kZIr izdk‛k ugh Mkyk] mu deZ tU; jksxks ds gksus dh lEHkkouk] mlds izkjEHk ,oa lekfIr ds dky rFkk mudh fpfdRlk fof/k dk T;ksfr‛k ‚kkL= esa foLrkj l fopkj fd;k x;k gSaA T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ;g
crykus esa leFkZ gSa fd fdl O;fDr dks iwokZftZr v‛kqHk deksZ ds izHkkoo‛k] fdl
le; esa dkSu lk jksx gksxk rFkk mudk D;k ifj.kke fudysxk ftl izdkj nks"k
tU; O;kf/k;ks dk vk;qosZn ‚kkL= esa foLrkj iwoZd fopkj fd;k x;k gS] mlh
izdkj deZtU; O;kf/k;ksa dk T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= esa foLrkj iwoZd foospu fd;k x;k
gSaA
vk;qosZn ‚kkL= esa LokLF;j{k.k] vkS"kf/k lap;] vkS"kf/k fuekZ.k ,oa ‚kY;fdz;k esa
dkyd`r fo‛ks"krkvksa dks vrho mi;ksxh ekuk x;k gSaA dky ds vfr;ksx] v;ksx ;k feF;k;ksx ls jksx mRiUu gksrs gSA vuqdqy _rq esa vkS"kf/k dk lap; ,oa
fuekZ.k djus ls gh xq.kdkjh gksrh gS rFkk og _rq fod`fr ls mRiUu jksxks dks
u"V dj nsrh gSaA fnu] jkr] lnhZ] xehZ ,oa cjlkr ds izHkko dks /;ku es j[kdj
‚kY; fdz;k fd tkrh gSaA vk;qosZn ‚kkL= rks ;gka rd dgrk gSa fd dky dh
fo‛ks"krk,a vius LoHkko ls gh nks"kks dk lap;] izdksi] iz‛keu ,oa izrhdkj dj
nsrh gSaA vr% ;ksX; fpfdRld dks dkyd`r fo‛ks"krkvksa dks /;ku j[k dj gh
fpfdRlk djuh pkfg,A fdUrq dky dk Kku T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= }kjk gh gksrk gS
vr% fpfdRlk ds fy, ijeksi;ksxh fnu] jkr] i{k] ekl ,oa _rq vkfn dh
tkudkjh T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= }kjk gh LkEHko gSA vr% T;ksfr"k‛kkL= ds Kku ds fcuk u rks ;Fkk le; vkS"kf/k lap; ;k vkS"kf/k fuekZ.k gh lEHko gSa vksj u gh
‚kY;fdz;k ;k fpfdRlk gh dh tkuh pkfg;sA vr% tks fpfdRld vko‛;d
T;ksfr"k fu;eksa dks /;ku es j[kdj vkS"kf/k fuekZ.k ;k fpfdRlk djrs gSa os gh
vf/kd lQyrk izkIr djrs gSaA
oLrqr% vk;qosZn ,ao T;ksfr"k ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSaA T;ksfr"k‛kkL= ds Kku ds }kjk
jksxh dh p;kZ] ps"Vk] vkd`fr] lokZMy{k.k ,oa mldh dq.Myh esa jksxksa ds fofo/k
;ksxk dk v/;;u dj ;g tkuk tk ldrk gS] fd bl jksx dh e;kZnk D;k gksxh ;g jksx dc rd Bhd gksxkA fpfdRlk ds ijke‛kZ ,oa izpfyr vkS"kf/k ds }kjk
YkkHk gksxk ;k ugh bR;kfn ;s dqN ,sls fcUnq gS ftudk lek/kku vk;qosZn ‚kkL= esa ugh fd;k x;k fdUrq T;ksfr"k‛kkL= esa budk foLrkj iwoZd ‚kkL=h; jhfr ls foospu fd;k x;k gSA blhfy, izkphu dky esa T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds Kku dh fpfdRlk esa ije mi;ksfxrk dks /;ku j[kdj T;ksfros|ks fujUrjk dh dgkor izpfyr gqbZ gksxhA
,d vU; ckr ;g gS fd lk/kkj.k O;fDr Hkh bl ‚kkL= ds lE;d Kku ls vusd
jksxksa ls cp ldrk gSA D;ksfd vf/kdka‛k jksx lw;Z ,oa pUnzek ds fo‛ks"k izHkko ls
mRiUu gksrs gSa ftl izdkj pUnzek viuh xfr] fLFkfr ,ao dykvksa dh gzkl o`f)
}kjk leqnz ds ty esa mFky&iqFky epk Mkyrk gSa] mlh izdkj ;g ‚kjhj ds
#f/kj izokg esa Luk;qe.My esa rFkk eukso`fr;ks ij viuk izHkko Mkydj fucZy
euq";ks dks jksxh cuk nsrk gSA vr,o T;ksfr"k }kjk pUnzek ds rRoks dks tkudj
v"Veh] vekoL;k ,oa iwf.kZek dks oSls rRo okys inkFkksZ ds lsou ij vkRe
fu;U=.k j[kdj euq"; Lo; dks jksxksa ds izHkko vkdze.k ls cpk ldrk gSA
2-1-5 T;ksfr"k‛kkL= esa jksxfopkj dh ,sfrgkfld ijEijk&
vk/kqfud dky esa iz‛uekxZ] lokZFkfpUrkef.k] d`".k;e] tkrdikfjtkr] nSoKkHkj.k izHkwfr tkrd ,oa iz‛u xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkphudky dh ijEijk dk fuokZg djrs gq, jksx fo"k;d ;ksxks dh vf/kd ;qfDr laxr O;k[;k dh xbZA lu 1848 esa nsoiz;ksx fuoklh vkpk; i- Jh pdz/kj tks‛kh us tkrd xzgk esa fofo/k jksxks ds xzg;ksx ds vykok] muds lk/;k lk/;Ro izkjEHk ,oa lekfIrdky] jksx ifjKku ds fl)kUr ,oa jksx fuo`fr ds mik; tSls lgtkr iwjd iz‛uksa ij fopkj ugh fd;k
x;k gSA blh deh dks ns[kdj esa bu lc iz‛uksa dk fopkj djus ds fy,
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds v/;;u ,oa vuqla/kku esa izo`r gqbZA rFkk izLrqr xzUFk blh
n`f"V ls bl fn‛kk esa fd;sa x;sa ‚kks/k dk vkxs c<kus dk y?kq iz;kl gSA
2-1-6 T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dk {ks= o foLrkj
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh ,d O;qRifr *T;ksfr"kka xzgu{k=k.kka xfref/kd`R; d`ra ‚kkL=e dh xbZ gSa] xzg rFkk fofo/k u{k=ks dh xfr fLFkfr vkfn dk izfriknu djus ds fy, fopfjr ‚kkL= Astronomy ‚kkL= dgykrk gSaA blesa iz/kkur;k] xzg] u{k=
T;ksfr% iznkFkksZ dk Lo#i] lapkj] ifjHkze.k dky] ekXkhZ&odhZ] mn;kLr] ,oa xzg izd`fr leLr ?kVukvksa dk foLrkj fu#i.k fd;k tkrk gSaA T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh ,d vU; O;qRifr gSaA
T;ksfr"kka lw;kZfnxzgk.kka cks/kda ‚kkL=e~A
bl O;qRifRk ds vuqlkj lw;Z vkfn leLr T;ksfreZ; fi.Mksa ds ckjs esa iwjh
tkudkjh nsus okys ‚kkL= dks T;ksfr"k‛kkL= dgrs gSaA ;gka cks/kd ‚kCn esa
T;ksfr%fi.Mksa dh xfr] fLFkfr] lapkj mn;kLr ,oa xzg.k vkfn ?kVukvksa dk
‚kkL=h; jhfr ls izfriknu rFkk mudh xfr fLFkfr vkfn ds }kjk ekuo thou
ij iMus okys izHkko dk foospu&;g LkeLr vFkZ fufgr gSaA bu nksuks O;qRiR;FkksZ
esa dsoy bruk vUrj gSa fd igys esa dsoy xf.kr rFkk [kxksy fo|k ij gh
/;ku fn;k x;k gSa] tc fd nwljs esa Qfyr fo|k dk Hkh lekos‛k fd;k x;k gSaA
mDr nksuksa O;qRifr;ks ds vykok bl ‚kkL= dk ,d vU; izkphu uke T;ksfr%
fo|k Hkh gSaA ftldk vFkZ gksrk gSa izdk‛k nsus okyh] izdkf‛kr djus okyh] izdk‛k
ds lEcU/k esa crykus okyh fo|kA vFkkZr ftl fo|k ls lalkj dk eeZ]
thou&ej.k dk jgL; rFkk thou ds lq[k&nq[k ds lEcU/k esa iw.kZ izdk‛k feys]
og T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= gSaA oLrqr% ekuo thou vusd leL;kvksa dk lUnksg rFkk
mUufr&voufr] lq[k&nq%[k vkfRed fodkl ,oa gzkl vkfn ds fofHkUu jgL;ks dk
,d fiVkjk gSaA ;g ‚kkL= thou ds jgL;ksa dks O;Dr djus ds lkFk&lkFk
mRiUu lUnsg ;k fiVkjs dk mlh izdkj izR;{khdj.k dj nsrk gSa] tSls vU/kdkj
esa j[ksa inkFkksZ dks nhid dk izdk‛kA bl ‚kkL= dh blh fo‛ks"krk dks /;ku esa
j[krs gq, vkpk;Z ojkgfefgj us dgk gSa&
;nqifpreU;tUefu ‚kqHkk‛kqHka rL; deZ.k% izkfIreA
O;at;fr ‚kkL=esrr~ refl nzO;kf.k nhi boaAA
2-2 vFkZ vkSj ifjHkk"kk%&
T;ksfr"k‛kkL= dh O;qRifr T;ksfr"kka lw;kZfnxzgk.kka cks/kda ‚kkL=e dh x;h gS] vFkkZr lw;kfn xzg vkSj dky dk cks/k djkus okys ‚kkL= dks T;ksfr"k‛kkL= dgk
tkrk gSA blesa iz/kkur% xzg] u{k=] /kwedsrq vkfn T;ksfr%inkFkksZ dk Lo#i] lapkj
ifjHkze.kdky] xzg.k vkSj fLFkfr izHk`fr leLr ?kVukvksa dk fu#i.k ,oa xzg]
u{k=ksa dh xfr] fLFkfr vkSj lapkjkuqlkj ‚kqHkk‛kqHk Qyksa dk dFku fd;k tkrk gSA
dqN euhf"k;ksa dk vfHker gS fd uHkkse.My esa fLFkr T;ksfr lEcU/kh
fofo/kfo"k;d fo|k dks T;ksfrfoZ|k dgrs gSA ftl ‚kkL= esa bl fo|k dk
lkaxksikax o.kZu jgrk gS og T;ksfr"k‛kkL= gSA
2-3 gksjk
vgksjk= ‚kCn ds vkfn o.kZ v vkSj vfUre o.kZ = dk yksi dj nsus ls gksjk ‚kCn
curk gSA bldk nwljk uke tkrd ‚kkL= gSA bl ‚kkL= essa tUedq.Myh ds
}kn‛k Hkko ,oa jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkr xzgksa] fofo/k xzg ;ksxksa] n‛kk] xkspjh; xzg fLFkfr ,oa xzgksa ds cykcy d vuqlkj ekuo thou esa vkus okys lq[k&nq[k] mUufr]
voufr] ,oa HkkX;ksn; vkfn thou ds leLr ?kVukpdz dks tkuus vkSj crykus ds fy, vusd fu;eksa dk fu#i.k fd;k gSA ;g vax Qfyr T;ksfr"k dk lcls
egRoiw.kZ vax gSA vkpk;Z dY;k.k oekZ dgrs gS& fd gksjk‛kkL= nSoK dh og fnO; n`f"V gS] ftlls og fo/kkrk ds }kjk euq"; ds yykV ij fy[kh HkkX; iafDr dks vklkuh ls i< ysrk gS ;k gzn;axe dj ysrk gSA
2.4 fl)kUr & bl LdU/k esa =qfV ls ysdj dYikUr dky dh x.kuk% lkSj] pkUnz] lkou] u{k=] fir`] tSo] fnO;kfnO;] eUoUrj ,oa ckgkz ekuksa dk izfriknu] xzgxfr;ksa rFkk muds ekxZhZ&odzhZ vkfn Hksnks dk fu#i.k] O;Dr ,oa vO;Dr xf.kr ds fu;eksa dk foospu] fnd] ns‛k ,oa dky vkfn ds fo"k;ksa fofo/k iz‛uksa dk lek/kku] Hkwxksy ,oa [kxksy dk ifjp; vkSj os/kksi;ksxh vusd ;U=ksa ds cukus rFkk iz;ksx dh jhfr;ksa dk cMs gh oSKkfud <ax ls fu#i.k fd;k x;k gSA fl)kUr LdU/k esa u dsoy xzgxf.kr dk gh vfirq vadxf.kr] chtxf.kr] js[kkxf.kr] vuqikrh; js[kkxf.kr xksyh;js[kk xf.kr] f=dks.kfefr] pkih;f=dks.kfefr] pyu&dyu] nh?kZ
o`rh; xf.kr ,oa izfrHkk foKku vkfn xf.kr dh leLr ‚kk[kk&iz‛kk[kkvksa dk
lksnkgj.k ,oa lksiifrd foospu fd;k x;k gSA vr% bl LdU/k dh xf.kr LdU/k
Hkh dgrs gSA
2.5 lafgrk
Qykns‛k djus ds fy, T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh vusd ‚kk[kk iz‛kk[kk,a gSA mu lcds
,df=r #i dks lafgrk dgrs gSA vr% T;ksfr"k‛kkL= ds bl LdU/k esa xzgpkj dk
Qy] xzgksa ds mn;kLr dk Qy] /kwedsrq ,oa mYdkikr dk Qy] Hkwfe ‚kks/ku]
fnD‛kks/ku] ‚kY;ks)kj] ok;q ,oa n`f"V fo|k] vax fo|k] lkeqfnzd] iz‛ufo|k]
okLrqfo|k] ‚kdqufo|k] ekaxfyd dk;ksZ ds eqgwrZ] jRuifj{kk] ,oa fofo/k thok rFkk
inkFkksZ ds y{k.k rFkk xq.knks"kk dk ‚kkL=h; jhfr ls foospu fd;k x;k gSA
Qfyr T;ksfr"k dh dqN ‚kk[kk,a tSls iz‛u‛kkL=] lkeqfnzd‛kkL=] ‚kdqu‛kkL=]
eqgwrZ‛kkL=] ,oa okLrq‛kkL= vkfn tks vkt LorU=‛kkL= ds #i esa fn[kyk;h nsrh
gSA izkphu dky esa mudk lekos‛k blh LdU/k esa fd;k tkrk FkkA lafgrk LdU/k dk fo"k; {ks= bruk foLr`r gS fd thou ls lEcU/k lHkh mi;ksxh ykSfdd fo"k; blds vUrxZr vk tkrs gSA
2-6 iz‛u‛kkL=%&
;g rRdky Qy crykus okyk ‚kkL= gSA blesa iz‛udrkZ ds mPpkfjr v{kjksa ij lsa Qy dk izfriknu fd;k tkrk gSA bZloh lu dh 5 oha vkSj NBh ‚krh esa dsaoy IkPNd ds mPpkfjr v{kjksa ij ls Qy crykuk gh iz‛u‛kkL= ds vUrxZr
Fkk ysfdu vkxs tkdj bl ‚kkL= esa rhu fl)kUrksa dk izos‛k gqvk& iz‛uk{kj fl)kUr] iz‛uYkXu fl)kUr] vkSj LojfoKku fl)kUrA fnxEcj tSu xzUFkksa dh vf/kdrj jpuk,a nf{k.k Hkkjr e gksus ds dkj.k izk;% lHkh iz‛uxzUFk] iz‛uk{kj
fl)kUr dks ysdj fufeZr gq, gSA vUos"k.k djus ij Li"V ekywe gksrk gS fd
dsoyKkuiz‛upwMkef.k] pUnksUehyu&iz‛u] v;kKkufryd] vgZPpMkef.k vkfn
xzUFkksa ds vk/kkj ij gh vk/kqfud dky esa dsjy iz‛u ‚kkL= dh jpuk gqbZ gSA
Okjkgfefgj ds iq= i`Fkq;‛kk ds le; ls iz‛uyXuokys fl)kUr dk izpkj Hkkjr esa
tksajks ls gqvk gSA 1 oha vkSj 10 oh ‚krh esa bl fl)kUr dks fodflr gksus ds
fy, iw.kZ volj feyk gSA ftlls vusd LorU= jpuk,a Hkh bl fo"k; ij fy[kh x;h gSA bl ‚kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk esa mrj e/;dky rd vusd la‛kks/ku vkSj
ifjo)Zu gksrs jgs gSA p;kZ] ps"Vk gko&Hkko vkfn ds }kjk euksxr Hkkok dk
oSKkfud n`f"V ls fo‛ys"k.k djuk Hkh bl ‚kkL= ds vUrxZr vk x;k gSA
2-7 ‚kdqu%&
bldk vU; uke fufer‛kkL= Hkh feyrk gSA iwoZe/;dky rd blus i`Fkd LFkku
izkIr ugh fd;k Fkk] fdUrq lafgrk ds vUrxZr gh bldk fo"k; vkrk FkkA bZloh
lu dh 10 oh vkSj 12 oha ‚krkfCn;ksa esa bl fo"k; ij LorU= fopkj gksus yx
x;k Fkk] ftlls blus vyx ‚kkL= dk #i izkIr dj fy;kA fo-la- 1089 esa
vkpk;Z nqxZnso us vfj"V fo"k; dks Hkh ‚kdqqu‛kkL= esa feyk fn;k Fkk vkxs pydj
bl ‚kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj Hkh vf/kd fodkflr gqbZ vkSj bldh fo"k;lhek esa
izR;sd dk;Z ds iwoZ esa gksusokys ‚kqHkk‛kqHkksa dk Kku izkIr djuk Hkh vk x;k
olUrjkt‛kdqu] vnHkqrlkxj tSls ‚kdqu xzUFkksa dk fuekZ.k blh ifjHkk"kk dks
n`f"V esa j[kdj fd;k izrhr gksrk gSA
2-8 tUe dq.Myh dk Lo#i
foKku dh ;g ‚kk[kk ekuo thou ls lEcU/k j[krh gSA tkrd ds tUe rkjh[k]
LFkku rFkk le; dks ysdj dq.Myh fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj tkrd ds fo"k; ls Hkfo"; ok.kh dh tkrh gSA blesa tkrd dk ‚kkjhfjd xBu mldk pfj=]
LOkHkko fo‛ks"krk,a vk;q LokLF; nq?kZVuk] vkfFkZd i{k HkkX;] fookg lUrku le`f)
rFkk fu/kZurk bR;kfn ds ckjs esa crk;k tkrk gSA
2-9 jksx fopkj ds izalx esa Hkkoks dk ifjp;
dqaMyh esa yXu ls izkjEHk dj 12 Hkko ekus x;s gSA 1- ru] 2- /ku] 3-lgt] 4-
lq[k] 5- lqr] 6- jksx] 7- tk;k] 8- e`R;q] 9- HkkX;] 10- deZ] 11- ykHk ,oa 12-
O;;A bu }kn‛k Hkkoks }kjk ekuo thou ds lEcfU/kr izk;% lHkh fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuk tk ldrk gSA Hkkoksa ds Lo#i] laKk ‚kqHkk‛kqHkRo ,oa vU; ckrks dk
foLrkj ls foospu T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds izk;% lHkh xzUFkks esa fd;k x;k A ;gka ge
jksx fopkj ds fy, mi;ksxh i{k dk gh fopkj djuk pkgsaxasA
jksx fopkj fd n`f"V ls Hkkoks dk egRo vR;f/kd gSaA D;ksfd bu Hkkoks esa lsa
izFke] "k"B] v"Be ,oa }kn‛k Hkkoksa dk jksx fopkj ls izR;{kr% lEcU/k gSa] rFkk
f}rh; ,oa lIre Hkko dk ekjd Hkko gksus ds ukrs LokLFk ls lEcU/k gSA bl
izdkj ;as N% Hkko jksx ds fopkj esa viuh vga Hkwfedk izLrqr j[krs gSaA
izFke Hkko ;k yXu euq"; ds lEiw.kZ ‚kjhj ,oa LokLFk dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSaA bl Hkko ds }kjk ‚kkjhfjd lq[k&nq[k] ‚kkjhfjd xBu] dn jax LoHkko ,oa LokLFk
dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA
"k"B Hkko dh fjiq laKk gSa] ;g tkrd ds ‚k=qvks dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSaA pwafd euq"; ds LokLFk ds fy, jksx izcyre ‚k=q gksrs gSaA vr% bl Hkko ls eq[; :Ik ls euq"; ds thou esa gksus okys jksxks dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA
v"Ve Hkko vk;q ;k e`R;q laKd gSaA vk;q ,oa e`R;q ,d nqljs ls lEcfU/kr gksrs
gSaA vk;q dk iwjk gksuk gh e`R;q gSaA vr% vk;q lekIr gksrs gh e`R;q gks tkrh gSaA ;k e`R;q gksrs gh vk; lekIr gks tkrh gSaA e`R;q fdlh u fdlh jksx nq?kZVuk ;k
vU; fodkj ls gksrh gSaA bl izdkj bl Hkko ls e`R;qnk;d jksx] e`R;q ds dkj.k
vkSj euq"; ds thou dh vof/k dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA jksxk ds lk/; ;k
vlk/; gksus ls vk;q ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gSaA tc rd vk; gSaA dksbZ jksx
vlk/; ugh gksrkA fdUrq vk;q dh lekfIr ds vkl ikl gksus okyk lk/kkj.k jkssx
Hkh vlk/; cu tkrk gSA bl fy, jksxks ds lk/; ,oa vlk/; gksus dk fopkj Hkh
bl Hkko ls gksrk gSA
}kn‛k Hkko dks O;;] dgrs gSa O;; dk vFkZ gS [kpZ ;k gkfu gksukA pwafd izR;sd
jksx ‚kkjhfjd ‚kfDr vFkok thou ‚kfDr dh gkfu djus okyk gksrk gSaA blfy,
bl Hkko ls Hkh jksxks dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA
dq.Myh esa v"Ve rFkk v"Ve ls v"Ve vFkkZr r`rh; ;s nksuks Hkko vk;q ds Hkko
ekus x;as gSaA vFkkZr v"Ve rFkk r`rh; Hkko ls vk;q dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS
rFkk ftl izdkj dq.Myh esa ckjgoka Hkko O;; dgk tkrk gSA mlh izdkj v"Ve ,oa r`rh; Hkkoks ls ckjgosa Hkko vFkkZr lIre ,oa f}rh; Hkko vk;q ds O;; ds
lwpd gksrs gSaA vk;q dk O;; e`R;q gh gSA blfy, lIre ,oa f}rh; Hkko ;as nksuks
Hkko e`R;q ds lqpd gksrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gSa fd bu Hkkoks ls e`R;q ;k thou esa
feyus okys e`R;q rqY; d"Vks dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSa bu nksuks Hkkoks dks ekjd
Hkko dgrs gSaA
bl izdkj ;g Li"V gSa fd dq.Myh ds 12 Hkkoks esa ls izFke "k"B v"Ve] }kn‛k]
f}rh; ,oa lIre bu 6 Hkkok dk jkssx fopkj ls lEcU/k gSaA vr% jksxks dk fopkj
djrs le; bu Hkkoks dk Hkyh Hkkafr fopkj djuk pkfg;asA
2-10 ‚kkjhfjd vaxks ds izfrfuf/k Hkko
Ekuq"; dh dq.Myh Hkh jkf‛k pdz dh Hkkfr mlds lEiw.kZ ‚kjhj dh izrhd gSaA
ftl izdkj dky iq#"k ds ‚kjhj esa es"k vkfn }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa dks LFkkfir dj es"k
vkfn jkf‛k;ksa ds izfrfuf/kRo esa vkus okys vaxks dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA Bhd
mlh izdkj dkyiq#"k ds ‚kjhj esa yXu vkfn 12 Hkkok dks LFkkfir dj izR;sd
Hkko ls ‚kjhj ds fofo/k vxksa dk fopkj gksrk gSaA
dq.Myh dk izFke Hkko flj dk] f}rh; eq[k dk] r`rh; Hkqtkvks dk] prqFkZ gzn; dk] iape mnj dk] "k"B dfV dk] lIre ofLr dk] v"Be xqIrkax dk] uoe m#
dk] n‛ke ta?kk dk] ,dkn‛k ta?kkvksa dk] }kn‛k Hkko iSjks dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA euq"; ds ‚kjhj ds mDr Hkkxksa esa fLFkr Hkkoksa dk ;fn /;kuiwoZd voyksdu
fd;k tk;] rks ;g dg ldrs gSa fd dq.Myh ds mDr 12 Hkko euq"; ds ‚kjhj ds fuEufyf[kr vaxks dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA
2-10-1 Hkko ‚kjhj ds vax
izFke Hkko %& efLr"d] yykV ,oa flj]
izFke Hkko jksx%& bl Hkko esa flj nnZ] ekufld jksx] utyk ,oa fnekxh
detksjh dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkko O;fDr ds LokLF; dh izfrfuf/k Hkko
gSA O;fDr dh ‚kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld {kerk dk bl Hkko esa ewY;kdau gksrk gSA
f}rh; Hkko %& vka[k] dku] ukd] xky] gksB] nkar] eq[k] ftgzk] ,oa xykA
f}rh; Hkko jksx%& bl Hkko ls e`R;q dk fopkj gksrk gSA ;g Hkko us= jksx] d.kZ
jksx] eq[k jksx] uklk jksx] nkarks ds jksx rFkk xys dk [kjkch dk izfrfuf/kRo
djrk gSA
r`rh; Hkko %& d.B] xzhok] dU/kk] Hkqtk] dksguh] gFksyh] o{kLFky] ,oa LruA
r`rh; Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls d.B ,o xys dh [kjkch] x.Mekyk] ‚okl] [kklh]
nek] QsQMs ds jksx ,oa gkFk esa gksus okys fodkj vkfn dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
prqFkZ Hkko %& QsQMs] ‚okluyh ,oa gzn;A
prqFkZ Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls Nkrh] gzn; ,oa ilfy;ksa esa gksus okys jksxksa dk
fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA ikxyiu ,oa vU; ekufld fodkjksa ds fopkj ls Hkh bl
Hkko dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
iape Hkko %& isV] vkars] ftxj] frYyh] xqnkZ ,oa ukfHkA
iape Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls eUnkfXu] v#fp] firjksx] ftxj] frYyh ,oa xqnsZ ds
jksxksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA xzg Hkko isV ds lHkh jksxksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk
gSA
"k"B Hkko %& dej] dwYgk] furEcA
"k"B Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls dej nnZ] ,isfUMDl] vkarks dh fcekjh] gkfuZ;k ,oa
v‛ejh dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
lIre Hkko %& cfLr] ew=k‛k;] ,oa xHkkZ‛k; dk mijh HkkoA
lIre Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls izesg] e/kqesg] iznj mina‛k] iFkjh] xHkkZ‛k; ds jksx
rFkk cfLr esa gksus okys jksxksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
v"Be Hkko %& xHkkZ‛k;] tuusfUnz;] xqnkZ ,oa v.Mdks‛kA
v"Ve Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls xqIr jksx] oh;Z&fodkj v‛kZ] Hkxanj] mina‛k] lalxZ
tU; jksx] o`"k.k jksx ,oa ew=d`PN dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
uoe Hkko%& m#A
uoe Hkko jksx%&bl Hkko ls fL=;ksa ds ekfld /keZ lEcU/kh jksx] ;d`r nks"k] jDr fodkj] ok;q fodkj dwYgs dk nnZ ,oa eTtk jksx dk fopkj gksrk gSA
n‛ke Hkko%& tkuq ,oa ?kqVukA
n‛ke Hkko jksx%& bl Hkko ls xfB;k] dEiokr] peZjksx] ?kqVus dk nnZ ,oa vU; ok;q jksxksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
,dkn‛k Hkko%& ta?kk ,oa fiaMyhA
,dkn‛k Hkko jksx%& bl Hkko ls iSj esa pksV] iSj dh gMMh VwVuk fiaMfy;ksa esa nnZ] ‚khr fodkj ,oa jDr fodkj dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
}kn‛k Hkko jksx%& V[kuk] iSj] ryok ,oa iSj dh maxfy;kA
}kn‛k Hkko%& bl Hkko ls vlfg".kqrk] detksjh] us= fodkj] iksfy;ks ,oa ‚kjhj esa
jksxksa ds izfrjks/k dh {kerk dh deh dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
2-11 jksx fopkj ds izlax esa jkf‛k;ksa dk ifjp;
jkf‛k pdz dk dzkfUro`Rr dk 12 oka Hkkx jkf‛k dgykrk gSA vr% jkf‛k;ks dh
la/;k 12 gksrh gSaA buds uke gSa%& 1- es"k] 2- o`"k] 3- feFkqu] 4- ddZ] 5- flag] 6-
dU;k] 7- rqyk] 8- o`f‛pd] 9- /kuq] 10- edj] 11- dqEHk] ,oa 12- ehuA
jkf‛k;ksa dk Lo#i] ‚kqHkk‛kqHkRo] cy ,oa vU; laKk,a T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds lkekU; xzUFkks esa foLrkjiwoZd cryk;h x;h gSaA ;gka ge budk fopkj u djds dsoy jksx fopkj ds fy, mi;ksxh ckrks ij gh izdk‛k Mkyuk pkgsxsaA
2-11-1 vaxkas dh izfrfuf/k jkf‛k;ka&
T;ksfr"k‚kkL= ds tkrd xzUFkks esa dky #ih iq"Ik dh dYiuk dk mlds ‚kjhj ds
fofo/k vaxks esa es"k vkfn }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA ftlds vk/kkj
ij mlds vax jksxxzLr ;k LoLFk gS&;g tkuk tk ldrk gSA T;ksfr"k‚kkL= ds
vkpk;ksZ dks bl ekU;rk ds vuqlkj es"k jkf‛k flj dk] o`"k eq[k dk] feFkqu
Hkqtkvks dk] ddZ gzn; dk] flg mnj dk] dU;k dej dk] rqyk cfLr dk]
o`f‛Pkd xqIrkax dk] /kuq m# dk] edj tkuq dk] dqEHk ta?kkvks dk] rFkk ehu
jkf‛k iSjks dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA
bl vax foHkktu dk ;fn foLrkjiwoZd voyksdu fd;k tk; rks ;g dgk tk
ldrk gS fd es"k vkfn 12 jkf‛k;ks euq"; ds ‚kjhj ds fuEufyf[kr vaxkas dk
izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS%&
2-11-2 es"kkfn jkf‛k;ka ,oa muds jksx&
es"k vkfn }kn‛k jkf‛k;ka LoHkkor% ftu&ftu jksxks dks mRiUu djrh gS os jksx
bl izdkj gSa%&
jkf‛k;ka jksx %&vkdk‛k esa fLFkr Hkpdz ds 360 va‛k vFkok 108 Hkko gksrs gSA
leLr 12 jkf‛k;ksa esa foHkDr gS] vr% 30 va‛k vFkok 1 Hkkx dh ,d jkf‛k gksrh
gSA
es"k jkf‛k%&iq#"k tkfr] pjlaKd] vfXurRo] iwoZ fn‛kk dh ekfyd] eLrd dk
cks/k djkusokyh] i`"Bksn;] mxz izd`fr] yky&ihys o.kZ okyh] dkfUrghu] {kf=; o.kZ] lHkh leku vax okyh vkSj vYi lUrfr gSA ;g fir izd`frdkjd gS] bldk
izkd`frd LoHkko lkglh vfHkekuh vkSj fe=kas ij d`ik j[kusokyk gSA bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh eaxy gSA
es"k jkf‛k jksx& us=jksx] eq[kjksx] fljnnZ] ekufld ruko] mUekn ,oa vfunzkA
o`"k jkf‛k%&L=h jkf‛k] fLFkjlaKd] HkwferRo] ‚khry LoHkko] dkfUr jfgr] nf{k.k
fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] okrizd`fr] jkf=cyh] pkj pj.kokyh] ‚osr o.kZ egk‛kCndkjh]
fo"keksn;h] e/;e lUrfr] ‚kqHkdkjd] oS‛;o.kZ vkSj f‛kfFky ‚kjhj gSA ;g v)Zty
jkf‛k dgykrh gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko LokFkhZ] le>&cw>dj dke djusokyh
vkSj lkalkfjd dk;ksZ esa n{k gksrh gSA blls d.B] eq[k vkSj diksyh dk fopkj
fd;k tkrk gS] o`"k jkf‛k dk Lokeh ‚kqdz gSA
o`"k jkf‛k jksx& xys ,oa ‚okluyh ds jksx] ?kVliZ rFkk vka[k] ukd] ,oa xys ds jksxA
feFkqu jkf‛k%& if‛pe fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] ok;qrRo] rksrs ds leku gfjr o.kZekyk]
iq#"k jkf‛k] f}LoHkko] fo"keksn;h] m".k] ‚kwnzo.kZ] egk‛kCndkjh] fpduh] fnucyh]
e/;e lUrfr vkSj f‛kfFky ‚kjhj gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko fo|k/;;uh vkSj f‛kYih gSA blls gkFk] ‚kjhj ds dU/kksa vkSj ckgqvksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
feFkqu jkf‛k jkssx& jDrfodkj] ‚okl QqQql jksx ,oa eTtkjksxA
ddZ jkf‛k%&pj] L=h tkfr] lkSE; vkSj dQ izd`fr] typkjh] leksn;h] jkf=cyh]
mrj fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] jDr /koy fefJr o.kZ] cgqpj.k ,oa lUrku okyh gSA
bldk izkd`frd LoHkko lkalkfjd mUufr esa iz;Ru‛khyrk] yTtk] dk;ZLFkS;Z vkSj
le;kuq;kf;rk dk lwpd gSA blls isV] o{k%LFky vkSj xqnsZ dk fopkj fd;k
tkrk gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh pUnzek gSA
ddZ jkf‛k jksx& gzn; jksx ,oa jDr fodkjA
flag%&iq#"k tkfr] fLFkjlaKd] vfXurRo] fnucyh] fir izd`fr] ihr o.kZ] m".k
LoHkko] iwoZ fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] iq"V ‚kjhj] {kf=; o.kZ] vYilUrfr] Hkze.k fiz;
vkSj futZy jkf‛k gSA bldk izkd`frd Lo#i es"k jkf‛k tSlk gS] ij rks Hkh blesa
LokrU=; isze vkSj mnkjrk fo‛ks"k #i ls orZeku gSA blls gzn; dk fopkj fd;k tkr gS] bldk jkf‛k Lokeh lw;Z gSA
flag jkf‛k jksx& mnj fodkj] esno`f) ,oa ok;q fodkjA
dU;k jkf‛k%&fiaxy o.kZ] L=h tkfr] f}LoHkko] nf{k.k fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh]
jkf=cyh] ok;q vkSj ‚khr izd`fr i`FohrRo vkSj vYi lUrkuokyh gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko feFkqu tSlk gS] ij fo‛ks"krk bruh gS fd viuh mUufr vkSj eku
ij iw.kZ /;ku j[kus dh ;g dksf‛k‛k djrh gSA blls isV dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh cq/k gSA
dU;k jkf‛k jksx& ftxj] frYyh] vek‛k; ds fodkj] vipu] eUnkfXu ,oa dej
esa nnZA
rqyk jkf‛k%& iq#"k tkfr] pjlaKd] ok;qrRo] if‛peh fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] vYi lUrku okyh] ‚;keo.k]Z ‚kh"kksZn;h] ‚kwnzlaKd] fnucyh] dzqj] LoHkko vkSj ikn ty
jkf‛k gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko fopkj‛khy] Kkufiz;] dk;Z LkEiknd vkSj
jktuhfrK gSA blls ukfHk ds uhps ds vaxks dk fopkj fd;k tkr gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh ‚kqdz gSA
rqyk jkf‛k jksx& ew=k‛k; ds jksx] e/kqesg] iznj] ew=d`PN ,oa cgqew=
o`f‛pd jkf‛k%& fLFkjlaKd] ‚kqHk o.kZ L=h tkfr] ty rRo] mrj fn‛kk dh
Lokfeuh] jkf=cyh] dQ izd`fr] cgqlUrfr] czkgkz.k o.kZ vkSj v)Z ty jkf‛k gSA
bldk izkd`frd LoHkko nEHkh] gBh] n`<izfrK] Li"Voknh vkSj fueZy gSA blls
‚kjhj ds dn ,oa tuusfUnz; dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh eaxy
gSA
o`f‛pd jkf‛k jksx& xqIrjksx] v‛kZ] Hkaxnj] mina‛k] ‚kwd ,oa lalxZ tU; jksxA
/kuq jkf‛k%&iq#"k tkfr] dkapu o.kZ] f}LoHkko] dzwj laKd] fir izd`fr] fnucyh]
iwoZ fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] n`< ‚kjhj] vfXurRo] {kf=; o.kZ] vYi lUrfr ,oa
v)Zty jkf‛k gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko vf/kdkj fiz;] d#.kke;] vkSj e;kZnk
dk bPNqd gSA blls iSjkas dh lfU/k rFkk ta?kkvksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] bl
jkf‛k dk Lokeh xq# gSA
/kuq jkf‛k jksx & ;d`r nks"k] _rq fodkj] vfLFkHkax] eTtkjksx ,oa jDr nks"kA
Ekdj jkf‛k pj laKd] L=h tkfr] i`FohrRo] okr izd`fr fiaxy o.kZ] jkf=cyh]
oS‛;o.kZ] f‛kfFky ‚kjhj vkSj nf{k.k fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko
mPp n‛kkfHkyk"kh gSA blls ?kqVuksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh
‚kfu gSA
Ekdj jkf‛k jksx& okrjksx] ‚khrjksx] peZjksx ,oa jDrpkiA
dqEHk jkf‛k%&iq#"k tkfr] fLFkjlaKd] ok;qrRo] fofp= o.kZ ‚kh"kksZn;] v)Zty]
f=nks"k izd`fr] fnucyh] if‛pe fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh] m".k LoHkko] ‚kwnz o.kZ] dzwj ,oa e/;e lUrkuokyh gSA bldk izkd`frd LOkHkko fopkj‛khy] ‚kkUrfpr] /keZohj
vkSj uohu ckrksa dk vfo’dkjd gSA blls isV ds Hkhrjh Hkkxksa dk fopkj fd;k
tkrk gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh ‚kfu gSA
dqEHk jkf‛k jksx& tyksnj] ekufld jksx] ,sBu ,oa xehZA
ehu jkf‛k%&f}LoHkko] L=h tkfr] dQ izd`fr] tyrRo] jkf=cyh] foizo.kZ] mrj
fn‛kk dh Lokfeuh vkSj fiaxy jax gSA bldk izkd`frd LoHkko mre] n;kyq vkSj
nku‛khy gS] bl jkf‛k dk Lokeh xq# gSA
ehu jkf‛k jksx& vlfg".kqrk] ,ythZ] peZjksx] jDrfodkj] vkeokr] vkao] xzfUFk]
xfB;kA
2-12 jksx fopkj ds izlax es xzgk dk ifjp;
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= esa 'kqHk v‛kqHk Qy ds lwpd dqy ukS xzg ekus x;s gSa ;Fkk&1 lw;Z2&pUnz] 3&eaxy] 4&cq/k] 5&xq:] 6&‛kqdz] 7&‛kfu] 8&jkgq] 9&dsrq~ mDr xzgksa esa jkgq rFkk dsrq&;s nksuks Nk;kxzg gSA vU; xzgks dh Hkakfr lkSje.My esa budk
T;ksfrfi.M pedhyk fcEc fn[kkbZ ugh nsrkA 'ks"k lkr xzgks ds T;ksfr"kh fi.M lkSje.My esa viuh d{kkvksa esa ?kqers gq, fn[kykbZ nsrs gSaA ;|fi Qfyr ‚kkL= esa buds egRRo dks Lohdkj dj bUgs bu xzgks ds lkFk lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSaA vk/kqfud dky esa ik‛pkR; T;ksfrfonksa us lkSje.My esa g’kZy] usiP;wu ,oa IysVks uked rhu vU; xzgks dh [kkst dh gSaA ik‛pkR; T;ksfr"k xzUFkksa esa bu xzgks ds izHkko dk mYys[k Hkh fd;k tkus yxk gSaA ijUrq vHkh buds izHkko dk lE;d fo‛ys"k.k ugh gks ik;k rFkk Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k xzUFkks es mDr uohu vkfo’dzzz`r xzgksa
ds izHkko dk Hkh mYys[k ugh gSaA vr% bl 'kks/k izcU/k esa ge iwoksDr ukS xzgks ds
vk/kkj ij gh jksx dk fopkj djsaxsaA
dkSu lk xzg fdl rRRo dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gS mldk dn ,oa jax dSlk gaS og ‚kjhj ds fdu&fdu vaxks dks izHkkfor djrk gSa vkSj og fdu&fdu jksxk dks
mRiUu dj ldrk gSa bu ckrks dk fopkj T;ksfr"k xzUFkks esa foLrkj iwoZd fd;k x;k gSa tks bl izdkj gS &
2-12-1 lw;Z& ;g vfXu rRo rFkk e/;e dn okyk 'kq"d xzg gSaA ;g euq";ks ds
(iq:"kks ds nk;sa rFkk fL=;ksa ds ck;sa) uS=] vk;q] vfLFk] flj] gzn;] izk.k ‚kfDr esnk] jDr rFkk fir dks izHkkfor djrk gSaA blds cyh gksus ij vfLr;k etcwr gksrh gSaA rFkk ‚kjhj LoLFk cuk jgrk gSaA vkSj blds fucZy] v‛kqHk ;k jksx dkjd gksus ij {k; jksx nsrk gSA
lw;Z ds jksx%& fir izdksi] us= jksx] vfLFk jksx] f‛kjksjksx] gzn; jksx m".kokr]
Toj] ewPNkZ] jDrL=ko] peZjksx] fljnnZ] e`xks ,oa 'kwy gksrk gSaA
2-12-2 pUnzek& ;g tyrRRo rFkk nh?kZdn okyk tyh; xzg gSaA ;g O;fDr ds
(iq:"k ds oke rFkk L=h ds nf{k.k) us=] Lru] o{k] QsQMk] eu] efLr"d] mnj]
ew=k‛k;] jDr] jl /kkrq 'kkjhfjd iqf"V ,oa dQ dks izHkkfor djrk gSaA blds
cyh gksus ij ‚kjhj es jDrlapkj Bhd cuk jgrk gS v;ksX; o`f) gksrh gSa rFkk
eukscy mUur jgrk gaS blds fucZy v‛kqHk ;k jksx dkjd gksus ij ;g jksx nsrk gSA
pUnzek ds jksx%& dQ jksXk] ew=] fodkj] tyksnj] eq[k jksx] ukfldk jksx] ik.Mq]
{k;] eUnkfXu] vfrlkj] L=h lalxZ tU; jksx] iznj] viLekj- euksO;Fkk] okr
‚ys"ek ,oa ekufld jksx gksrs gSaA
2-12-3 Ekxy ;g vfXu rRRo rFkk NksVs&NksVs dn okyk ‚kq"d xzg ‚kjhj esa diky] dku] Luk;q] tuusfUnz;] eTtk] iqVBksa dh iq"Brk] ‚kkjhfjd ‚kfDr] nkgq]
‚kks/k] /kS;Z ,oa fir dks izHkkfor djrk gSaA blds Ckyh gksus ij O;fDr ds ‚kjhj esa gfM~;ka etcwr gksrh gSaA izfrjks/k ‚kfDr c<rh rFkk lkgl ,oa /kS;Z dh o`f) gksrh
gSaA ;g fucZy v‛kqHk ;k jksx dkjd gks rks jDr fodkj gksrkk gSA
eaxy ds jksx%&jDrpki] QksMk&Qqalh] [kkt] lwtu- pksV- jDrL=ko dq"B- Tojokr fir fodkj- egkekjh TkU; jksx nq?kZVuktU; jksx] xqIrjksx] vfXunkgqeq"do`f) rFkk os jksx ftuesa ‚kY; fdz;k vko‛;d gks gksrs gSA
2-12-4 cq/k ;g i`Foh rRRo rFkk lkekU; dn okyk tyh;xzg gSaA ‚kjhj esa ;g ftgzk] ok.kh Lojpdz] ‚okl uyh] vxyk efLr"d] QqqQql] eTTkk rUrq] ds‛k] eq[k] gkFk ,oa f=/kkrq dks izHkkfor djrk gSa] blds cyoku gksus ij ckyd dk efLr"d iw.kZ fodflr gksrk gS] mldk O;fDrRo vkd"kZd] rFkk izfriknu ‚kSyh eksgd gksrh gaSA blds fucZy ;k jksxdkjd gksus ij vusd jksx nsrk gSA
cq/k ds jksx%& ewPNkZ] fgLVhfj;k] ekufld jksx] pDdj vkuk] U;weksfu;k]
fo"keToj] f=nks"kToj] VkbQkbM] ik.Mq] laxzg.kh] ‚kwy] eUnkfXu x.M fodkj]
ok.kh fodkj] mnj fodkj] d.Bjksx] ukfldk jksx ,oa Luk;q jksx gksr gSaA
2-12-5 xq:& ;g vkdk‛k rRo (erkUrj es ok;q rRRo rFkk e/;e dn) (erkUrj
ls gLo dn) okyk tyh; xzg gSaA ‚kjhj esa ;g pchZ] oh;Z] mnj] ;d`r]
jDr&/keuh] f=nks"k rFkk dQ] dks izHkkfor djrk gSaA blds cyh gksus ij ‚kjhj
iq"V gksrk gSaA fopkj ‚kfDr vPNh gksrh gSa rFkk eu esa ‚kkfUr ,oa euks;ksx cuk
jgrk gaSA
xq# ds jksx%& mnj fodkj] eTtk nks"k] ;d`rjksx] Iyhgk] LFkqyrk] nLr jksx] ok;q
fodkj] ewPNkZ] efLr"d fodkj] Toj] d.kZ jksx] mapkbZ ls fxjrk ,oa ekufld
ruko mRiUu gksrk gSaA
2-12-6 ‚kqdz ;g tyRkRRo rFkk e/;e dn (erkUrj ls gzLo dn) okyk
tyh;xzg gSA ‚kjhj esa ;g tuusfUnz;] ‚kqdzk.kq] us=] diksy] fpcqd] Loj] jl]
xHkkZ‛k; ,oa laosx ‚kfDr izHkkfor djrk gaS blds cyh gksus ij ‚kjhj lqMkSy
gksrk gaS euq"; dh dke ‚kfDr cyoku gksrh gSa rFkk oh;Z iq"V gksrk gS blds fucZy] v‛kqHk gksus ij fuEUk jksx gksrs gSA
‚kqdz ds jksx%& ew= fodkj] oh;Z fodkj] xqIr jksx] L=h lalxZ TkU; jksx] eknd
nzO;ksa ds lsou ls mRiUu gksus okys fodkj] fo"k tU; jksx] mina‛k] izesg] e/kqesg]
iznj dQ] ok;q fodkj ,oa ik.Mq jksx gksrk gSaA
2-12-7 ‚kfu ;g ok;q rRRo rFkk yEcas dn okyk ‚kq"d xzg gSaA ;g ‚kjhj esa gfMM;ksa dh tksM] iSj] ?kqVus] okr laLFkku] Luk;q laLFkku] eTtk rFkk okr dks
izHkkfor djrk gSaaA blds cyoku gksus ij Luk;q e.My iq"V rFkk ‚kjhj lqn< gksrk gSa blds fucZy] v‛kqHk gksus ij fuEUk jksx gksrs gSA
‚kfu ds jksx& ok;q fodkj] Luk;q fodkj tksMks esa nnZ] xfB;k] lfU/kokr] i{kkokr] ikxyiu] nk< esa nnZ] vipu] [kkalh] nek] vax&Hkx rFkk vlUrks"k ;k fujk‛kk
tU; ekufld jksx gksrs gSaA ;g vijk/k o`fr ls ysdj vkRegR;k rd djokus esa
leFkZ ekuk x;k gSaA
jkgq& ;g ok;q rRo rFkk e/;e dn okyk xzg gSaA ;g ‚kjhj esa efLr"d] jDr
Ropk ,oa okr dks izHkkfor djrk gSa blds cyoku gksus ij ‚kjhj esa QqrhZ] rktxh
,oa pSrU;rk cuh jgrh gS!
jkgq ds jksx%& pspd] d`fe e`xh] liZna’k] Ik‛kqvksa ls pksV] dq"B ,oa dSalj tSlS
vlk/; jksx gks tkrs gSaA
dsrq ;g ok;q RkRo rFkk NksVs dn okyk xzg gSA ;g ‚kjhj esa okr jDr rFkk
peZ dks fo‛ks"k :Ik ls izHkkfor djrk gSa blds cyoku gksus ij ‚kjhj esa Je
‚kfDr] la?k"kZ ‚kfDr] izfrjks/k ‚kfDr ,oa lfdz;rk cuh jgrh gaS rFkk blds fucZy
gksus ij ‚kjhj es lqLrh lh jgrh gSA
dsrq ds jksx%& vdeZ.;rk] ‚kjhj esa pksV] ?kko] peZ jksx] tfVy jksx ,oa ,ythZ gks tkrh gSA
2-13 jksx fopkjk ds izlax esa u{k=ksa dk ifjp;
u{k=ksa dh dqy la[;k 27 gSa] ;Fkk&1 vf‛ouh] 2&Hkj.kh] 3&d`frdk] 4&jksfg.kh]
5&e`x‚khjk] 6&vknzkZ] 7&iquoZlq] 8&iq";] 9&v‛ys"kk] 10&e/kk] 11&iwokZ QkYxquh]
12&mrjk QkYxquh] 13&gLr] 14&fp=k] 15&Lokfr] 16&fo‛kk[kk] 17&vuqjk/kk]
18&T;s"Bk] 19&ewy] 20&iwokZ"kk<] 21&mrjk"kk<] 22&Jo.k] 23&/kfu"Bk]
24&‛krfHk"kk] 25&iwokZHkknzin] 26&mrjkHkknzin ,oa 27 jsorhA
Qfyr ‚kkL= esa vfHkftr uked ,d vBBkbZloka u{k= Hkh ekuk x;k gSaA ;g mrjk"kk< ds ckn rFkk Jo.k ls ifgys vkrk gSaA ;g u{k= dqy 12 ?kVh dk
gksrk gSaA Tkc fd vU; u{k= lkekU;r;k 60 ?kVh ds gksrs gaSA mrjk"kk<+k dh
vfUre 15 ?kVh rFkk Jo.k dh izkjfEHkd 4 ?kVh dks feykdj dqy 19 ?kVh ds
vfHkftr~ dh dYiuk dh x;h gSaA bl u{k= dk eqgwr vkfn es fo‛ks"k mi;ksx
gksrk gSa T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds dksbZ vga Hkwfedk ugh fuHkkrk vr% ge ;gka 27 u{k=ks
ds vk/kkj ij gh jksxks dk fopkj djsxsaA
u{k=ks dk lkekU; ifjp; T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds lkekU; xzUFkksa esa foLrkj iwoZd fd;k
x;k gSa ;gka ge u{k+=k dk jksxksa ls D;k lEcU/k jgrk gSa blh rd lhfer jguk
pkgsxsaA fdu&fdu u{k=k dk fdu&fdu jksxksa ls lEcU/k jgrk gSa rFkk fdl
u{k= esa jksx vkjEHk gksus ij og fdrus le; rd jgrk gSa bldk lsf{kIr fooj.k bl izdkj gSa%&
v‛ouh vf‛ouh u{k= dk Lokeh xzg dsrq gSA ;g igyk u{k= gSA vkSj blfy, ;g flj dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA efLr"d lacaf/kr ftruh Hkh ckrs gSA mu lHkh
dks vf‛ouh u{k= ls ns[kk tkrk gSA bl u{k= ds ihfM+r gksus ij bUgh ls
lacaf/kr chekfj;ks dk lkeuk O;fDr dks djuk iMrk gSA ;g u{k= v}kZMokr]
vfunzk ,oa efr Hkze vkfn jksxks ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bl u{k= esa jksx izkjEHk gksus
ij og 19 ;k 25 fnu rd jgrk gSa]
Hkj.kh& Hkj.kh u{k= nqljs LFkku ij vkus okyk u{k= gSA vkSj ‚kqdz blds
vf/kdkj {ks= esa efLr"d dk {ks= gSA flj ds vUnj dk Hkkx o vk[k vkrh gSA
tUe dq.Myh ;k xkspj esa bl u{k= ds ihfMr gksu ij bUgh vaxks ls lacaf/kr
ijs‛kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iMrk gSA ;g u{k= rhoz Toj] osnuk (nnZ) ,oa
f‛kfFkYkrk ;k ewPNkZ ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bl u{k= esa jksx dk izkjEHk gksus ij og 11
;k 21 ;k 30 fnu rd pyrk gSa dHkh dHkh bl u{k= esa izkjEHk gqvk jksx
e`R;qnk;d Hkh gks tkrk gSaA
d`frdk& ;g rhljk u{k= gSA vkSj lw;Z blds Lokeh gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr]
flj] vka[ks] efLr"d] psgjk] xnZu] VkWfly o fupyk tcMk vkrk gSA ;g u{k= nkg] mnj‛kwy rhoz osnuk] vfunzk ,oa us= jksx ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bl u{k= esa jksx
dk izkjEHk gksus ij og 9@10 ;k 21 fnu rd jgrk gSaA
jksfg.kh& ;g pkSFkk u{k= gSA vkSj blds Lokeh pUnzek gSA bl u{k= dk
vf/kdkj {ks= psgjk] eq[k] thHk] xnZu] rkyq] xzhok] vuqefLr"dk vkrs gSA ;g
u{k= fljnnZ] mzUekn] izyki ,oa dqf{k‛kwy ls lEcfU/kr gSA bl u{k= esa izkjEHk gqvk jksx 3@7@9 ;k 10 fnu rd pyrk gSaA
e`x‛khjk& ;g u{k= ikaposa LFkku ij vkus okyk u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg
eaxy gSA bl u{k= ds igys o nqljs pj.k esa BksMh] xky] Loj;a=] rkyq] jDr
okfgfu;ka] xzhok dh uls vkrh gSA mijh ilfy;ka vkrh gSA ;g u{k= f=nks"k]
peZjksx ,oa vlfg".kqrk (,ythZ) ls lEcfU/kr gSa bl u{k= es jksx gksus ij 3] 5]
;k 9 fnu rd jgrk gSaA
vknzkZ& ;g NBsa LFkku ij vkus okyk u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg jkgq gSA
bl u{k= ds vf/kdkj esa xyk] cktq] da/ks] vkrs gSA bl u{k= ds ihfMr gksus ij
bu vaxks ls lacaf/kr chekjh;ka gksrh gSA ;g u{k= ok;qfodkj] Luk;qfodkj ,oa
dQ jksxksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA blesa jksx gksus ij og 10 fnu ;k 1 ekl rd jgrk
gSa dHkh dHkh bl jksx es mRiUu jksx ls e`R;q gks tkrh gSaA
iquoZlq& ;g lkroka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg c`gLifr gSA bl u{k= ds
igys nqljs rhljs Hkkx ds vf/kdkj esa dku] xyk o da/ks vkrs gSA pkSFks pj.k esa
QsQMs ‚olu iz.kkyh] Nkrh] isV] ds chp dk Hkkx isufdz;kl] ftxj vkrk gSA
tc ;g u{k= ihfMr gksrk gSA rks bl u{k= ls lacaf/kr Hkkxks esa chekjh gksus dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA ;g u{k= dej esa nnZ] fljnnZ ;k xqnsZ ds jksxks las lEcfU/kr
gSA bles jksx gksus ij 7 ;k 9 fnu rd pyrk gSA
iq";& ;g Hkpdz dk vkBoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg ‚kfu gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr QsQMs] isV rFkk ilfy;ka vkrh gSA ;g u{k= Toj] nnZ ,oa
vkdfLed ihMk nk;d jksxks ls lEcfU/kr gSaA blesa izkjEHk gqvk jksx 7 fnu rd
jgrk gSaA
vk‛ys"kk& ;g ukSoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg cq/k gSA bl u{k= ds
vUrxZr QsQMs] blksQsxl] ftxj] isV dk e/; Hkkx isufdz;kl] vkrk gSA vxj
;g vax ihfMr gksrk gS] rc bu vaxks ls tqMh ijs‛kfu;ka O;fDr dks gksrh gSA ;g
u{k= lokZM ihMk] e`R;q rqY; d"V] fo"k jksx ,oa liZna‛k vkfn las lEcfU/kr gSaA
bl u{k= esa izkjEHk gqvk jksx 9] 20] 30] ;k 45 fnu jgrk gSA rFkk vf/kdkaa‛kr;k
og e`R;qnk;d gksrk gSA
e?kk& ;g Hkapdz d nloka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg dsrq gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr ihB] fny] jh< dh gMMh] egk/keuh] es#naM dk i`"Bh; Hkkx vkrs
gSA tc Hkh ;g xzg u{k= ihfMr gksxk rc O;fDr dks LokLF; laca/kh leL;kvksa
ls xqtjuk iMsxkA ;g u{k= ok;q fodkj] mnj fodkj ,oa eq[k jksxks las lEcfU/kr
gSA bl u{k= esa izkjEHk gqvk jksx 20] 30] ;k 45 fnu rd pyrk gSaA vkSj
mldh iqujko`fr Hkh gks tkrh gSA
iwokZ QkYxquh&;g X;kjgoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg ‚kqd gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr es#naM] o fny vkrk gSA vkSj tc Hkh ;g ihfMr gksrk gSA rc bu nksuks ls lacaf/kr dksbZ ‚kkjhfjd leL;k gk ldrh gSA ;g u{k= d.kZ jksx]
f‛kjksjksx] Toj rFkk osnuk ls lEcfU/kr gSA bles izkjEHk gqvk jksx 15 ;k 30 fnu
rd jgrk g A dHkh dHkh bl u{k= esa jksx 1 o"kZ rd Hkh jgrk gSA
mrjk QkYxquh& ;g ckjgoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh lw;Z gSA bl u{k= ds
igys pj.k esa es#naM] vkrk gSA nwljs rhljs o pkSFks pj.k esa vkars vkrh gSA vkarfM;k vkrh gSA vkSj bldk uhpyk Hkkx vkrk gSA tUEk dq.Myh esa bl u{k=
ds ihfMr gksus ij LokLF; laca/kh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM ldrk gSA ;g
u{k= fir Toj] vfLFk Hkax ,oa lokZM ihMk ls lEcfU/kr gSA bl u{k= jksx gksus
ij og 7] 15] ;k 27 fnu rd pyrk gSA
gLr& ;g rsjgoka u{k= gSA vkSj bl u{k= dk Lokeh pUnzek gSA blds vf/kdkj
esa vkarfM;k vr% L=ko xzfFka;ka] batkbEl vkrs gSA bl u{k= ds ihfMr gksus ij
O;fDr dks bu vaxks esa ihMk gksus dh laHkkouk curh gSA ;g u{k= mnj ‚kwy]
eankfXu ,oa vU; mnj fodkjks ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bl u{k= esa jksx gksus ij og 7]
8] 9] ;k 15 fnu rd jgrk gSA dHkh dHkh jksx dh iqujko`fRr Hkh gks tkrh gSaA
fp=k& ;g Hkpdz dk pkSngoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg eaxy gSA bl
u{k= ds igys o nqljs pj.k esa mnj dk fupyk Hkkx vkrk gSA rhljs o pkSFks
pj.k esa xqnsZ] dfV {ks=] gfu;ka] es#naM] dk fupyk Hkkx] ulk dh xfr vkfn
vkrh gSA ;g u{k= vR;Ur d"Vnk;d ;k nq?kZVuk tU; ihMkvk las lEcfU/kr gSaA
bl u{k= esa jksx gksus ij og 8] 11] ;k 15 fnu rd jgrk gSA rFkk dHkh dHkh
ml jksx ls e`R;q Hkh gks tkrh gSA
Lokfr& ;g Hkpdz dk ianzgoka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg jkgq gSA Ropk]
xky CysMj] xqnsZ] ew=okfguh bl u{k= ds vf/kdkj {ks= esa vkrs gSA ;g u{k= mu tfVy jksxks ls lEcfU/kr gSa] ftudk ‚kh?kz funku ;k mipkj ugh gks ikrk
gSA bles izkjEHk gqvk jksx 1] 2] 5] ;k 10 ekl rd jgrk gSA
fo‛kk[kk& ;g lksygoka u{k= gSaA vkSj bldk Lokeh c`gLifr gSA bl u{k= ds
igys o rhljs pj.k esa isV dk uhpyk fgLlk] xkWy CysMj ds vklikl ds vxa]
xqnsZ isufdz;kl lacaf/kr xzfUFk vkrh gSA pkSFks pj.k esa CysMj ew=ekxZ] xqnkZ] xqIrkax
rFkk izksLVsV xzfUFk vkrh gSA ;g u{k= okrO;kf/k] esnks jksx] dqf{k‛kwy ,oa lokZM
ihMk ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bl u{k= esa jksx gksus ij 8] 10] 20 ;k 30 fnu rd
jgrk gSA
vuqjk/kk& ;g l=goka u{k= gSA vkSj bldk Lokeh xzg ‚kfu gSA CySMj eyk‛k;]
xqIrkax ds ikl dh gfMM;ka ukd dh gfM;ka vkfn lHkh bl u{k= ds vanj vkrs
gSA ;g u{k= rhozToj] fljnnZ ,oa ladzked jksxks ls lEcf/kr gSA bles jksx gksus
ij og 6] 10 ;k 28 fnu rd jgrk gSA
T;s"Bk& ;g u{k= dEi fodyrk ,oa o{k jksxk ls lEcfU/kr gSA bles jksx gksus
ij og 15] 21] ;k 30 fnu rd pyrk gS vkSj dHkh dHkh og jksx e`R;q nk;d
Hkh gk tkrk gSA
Ekwyk bldk Lokeh xzg cq/k gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr dwYg] tka?k] xfB;k]
moZfLFk vkfn vax vkrs gSA;g u{k= mnj jksx- eq[k jksx ,oa us= jksxks ls
lEcfU/kr gSA bles jksx gksus ij og 8] 15 ;k 20 fnu rd pyrk gSA
iwokZ"kk<k& bldk Lokeh xzg ‚kqdz gSA blds vUrxZr dwYgs] tka?k] ulsa] jDr
xzfUFk;ka vkfn vax vkrs gSA ;g u{k= izesg] /kkrq{k;] nqcZyrk ,oa vU; xqIr jksxks
ls lEcfU/kr gS bles mRiUu jksx 15] 20 fnu ;k 2] 3 vFkok 6 ekl rd jgrs
gSaA bl u{k= esa mRiu jksx dh iqujko`fRr Hkh gks tkrh gSaA
Jo.k& pUnzek bldk Lokeh xzg gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr ?kqVus] ylhdk
okfgfu;ka rFkk Ropk vkrh gSA ;g u{k= vfrlkj] fo‛kwfpdk] ew=d`PN] ,oa
laxzgz.kh ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bles mRiUu jksx 3] 6] 10] ;k 25 fnu rd jgrk gSA
/kfu"B& bl u{k= dk Lokeh xzg eaxy gSA bl u{k= ds igys o nqljs pj.k
esa ?kqVus dh mij dh gMh vkrh gSA tks Vksih ds leku fn[krh gSA rhljs o prqFkZ pj.k esa V[kus vkSj ?kqVuks ds chp dk Hkkx vkrk gSA ;g u{k= vkek‛k;
cLrh ,oa xqnsZ ds jksxks las lEcfU/kr gSA blesa mRiUu jksx 13 fnu lIrkg ;k i{k rd pyrs gSA
‚krfHk"kk bl u{k= dk Lokeh xzg jkgq gSA ?kqVuksa o V[kuksa ds chp dk Hkkx]
iSj dh ufy;ks dh ekal isf‛k;ka bl u{k= ds vUrxZr vkrh gSA ;g u{k= ckr
Toj- lfUuikr ,oa fo"ke Toj ls lEcfU/kr gSaA bles mRiUu jksx 3] 10] 21] ;k
40 fnu rd jgrk gSA
iwokZ Hkknzin& bl u{k= dk Lokeh xzg c`gLifr gSA bl u{k= ds igys o rhljs
pj.k esa V[kus vkrs gSA prqFkZ pj.k eas iats o ikoa dh vaxqfy;ka vkrh gSA ;g
u{k= oeu] ?kcMkgV] ‚kwy ,oa ekufld jksxks ls lEcfU/kr gSA bles mRiUu jksx
2 ;k 10 fnu vFkok 2 ;k 3 ekl rd jgrk gSaA
mrjkHkknzin& bl u{k= dk Lokeh xzg ‚kfu gSA bl u{k= ds vUrxZr iSj ds
iats vkrs gSA tUEk daqMyh esa vFkok xkspj esa bl u{k= ds ihfMr gksus ij O;fDr
ds iatks ls lacaf/kr ijs‛kkuh ls xqtjuk iM ldrk gSA ;g u{k= nUr jksx]
okrjksx ;k Toj ls lEcfU/kr gSaA blesa mRiUu jksx 7] 10 ;k 45 fnu jgrk gSaA
jsorh& bl u{k= dk Lokeh xzg cq/k gSA bl u{k= ds vf/kdkj esa iats o iSj dh
vaxqfy;ka vkrh gSA ;g u{k= ekufld jksx- vfHkpkj vU; jksx ,oa okrjksxksa ls
lEcfU/kr gSaA blesa mRiUu jksx 10] 28] ;k 48 fnu rd pyrk gSaA
2-14 jksx fopkj
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= dh ekU;rkuqlkj jksx dk fopkj bl izdkj fd;k tkrk gSaA "k"B jksx Hkko] "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr xzg] O;; rFkk v"Be LFkku es faLFkr xzg vkSj bu
Hkkoks ds Lokeh xzg "k"Bs‛k (jksxs‛k) xzg] "k"Bs‛k (jksxs‛k) ls ;qDr ;k n`"V xzg ,oa Hkko ls jksx dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSaA blds vfrfjDr iki izHkko ;qDr jkf‛k;ka ,oa Hkko] uhp jkf‛k xr vLra xr xzg rFkk fucZy xzg] yXu vkSj yXus‛k xzg]
vojkfg xzg] dq‛k"B;a‛kxr xzg] ekjd xzg ,oa ckyofj"B dkjd xzg Hkh jksxks ds
dkjd ekus x;s gSaA bu xzgks ds ‚kqHkk‛kqHkRo ,oa cykcyRo ds vk/kkj jksx rFkk
jksxh dh p;kZ izHkko vkSj dkykof/k dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj cgqyka‛k esa jksx ds lk/;Ro vlk/;Ro dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk gSaSA
;gka egRoiw.kZ gS fd yXu dq.Myh es f}rh; ls "k"B Hkko ‚kjhj ds nkfgus fgLls
dk vkSj 12 ls 8 Hkko ‚kjhj ds ck;s fgLls dk izfrfuf/kROk djrk gSA lHkh xzgks
dk viuk vyx vyx dkjdRo vksj viuk fo‛ks"k dk; {ks= gksrk gSA vk;qosZn ds vulkj gekjk ‚kjhj f=nks"k okr fiRr dQ lUrqyu ij vk/kkfjr gSA
fofHkUu xzgks dk f=nks"k okr dQ fiRr ij vf/kiR; gSA
f=nks"k xzg
okr & pUnz] cq/k] ‚kqdz] ‚kfu
fiRr & lw;Z] eaxy
dQ & xq:
jksxks dk vuqeku bl izdkj Hkh yxk;k tkrk gSa fd ;gk dq.Myh esa igys pkj
Hkko yXu ls prqFkZ vkids orZeku thou dk n‛kkZrk gSa tc dh 5 ls 8 vkids
Hkfo"; dks vkSj 9 ls 12 vkid Hkwrdky dks n‛kkZrk gSA blds vk/kkj ij vuqeku
yxk ldrs gSA
2.15 Xkzgks dks jksxdkjd cukus okys gsrq
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= esa xzgks dks jksxdkjd cukusa okys fuEufyf[kr gsrq cryk;as x;sa
gSaA
jksx Hkko izfrfuf/kRoA
v"Ve ,oa O;; Hkko dk izfrfuf/kRo
jksx Hkko fLFkfr A
yXu esa fLFkfr ;k yXus‛k gksukA
uhpjkf‛k] ‚k=q jkf‛k esa fLFkfr ;k fucZyrk A
vojksghiuA
dwj‛k"B;a‛k esa fLFkfrA
iki xzgksa ls izHkkfor gksuk A
vfj"VdkjdRo ;k ekjdRoA
2.15-1 jksx Hkko dk izfrfuf/kRo
"k"B LFkku rks jksx dk LFkku gh gSa vr% "k"Bs‛k jksxizn gksrk gSaA ;g NBsa LFkku
esa fLFkr gksdj Lo;a dh izd`fr ,oa dkjdRo ds vuqlkj jksx nsrk gSaA tsls "k"B
LFkku esa fLFkr pUnzek dQ fodkj] ‚khrToj ,oa us= fodkj djrk gSaA fdUrq
;fn "k"Bs‛k dk fdlh vU; Hkko lsa ifjorZu ;ksssx gks rks ml Hkko ls lEc)
O;fDr ;k vaax dks jksx nsxk tSls prqFkZ‛k ls (O;R;;) dj ekrk dks jksx ns
ldrk gSaA vkSj v"Ves‛k ls O;R;; dj uS= ihMk ;k xqIrakx esa jksx mRiUu dj
ldrk gSaA NBsa ;k vkBosa LFkku esa fLFkr "k"Bs‛k fofHkUu xzgks ls ;qDr gksdj
fofHkUu LFkkuksa esa oz.k ;k jksx mRiUu djrk gSaA ;Fkk lw;Z ls ;qDr gks] rks flj
ij pUnz ;qDr gks rks eq[k esa] eaxy ls ;qDr gksdj d.B esa] cq/k ls ;qDr gks ukfHk izns’k esa] xq# ls ;qDr gksdj ukfldk esa] ‚kqdz ls ;qDr gksdj uS= esa] ‚kfu ls
;qDr gksdj iSj eSa rFkk jkgq ;k dsrq ls ;qDr gksdj isV esa oz.k ;k jksx mRiUu
djrk gSA ;g viuh n`f"V }kjk Hkh blh izdkj jksxksRifr esa lgk;d gksrk gSaA
2-15-2 v"Ve ,oa O;; Hkko dk izfrfuf/kRo
v"Ve ,oa O;; LFkku jksx dkjd LFkku gSa vr% buds Lokeh xzg Hkh jksx dkjd
gksrs gSaA ;gka bruk vkSj Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd dnkfpr bu LFkkuks ds Lokeh
eaxy ;k ‚kfu gks rks os vkSj vf/kd ‚kfDr izkIr dj ftl Hkko jkf‛k ls viuk
;qfr n`f"V }kjk izHkko dk fofu;ksx djsxs] ml jkf‛k Hkko ls lEcU/kh vax esa
jksxksRiUu dj nsxsa dsoy v"Ves‛k ;k }kn‛ks‛k dk izHkko jksx ds vk/kkjHkwr dkj.kks dks gh mRiUu djus dk dqN iz;kl dj ldrk gS tc rd fd mlesa fdlh izdkj dk izHkko fufgr u gks pqdk gksA egf"kZ ikjk‛kj ds vuqlkj lw;Z] pUnz ,oa
yXus‛k v"Ve Hkko ds Lokeh gksus ij Hkh v‛kqHk Qy nkrk ugh gksrs rFkk O;;as‛k
f=dks.ks‛k ls lEcU/k djsa] rks os v‛kqHk Qy ugh nsrs vr% v"Ves‛k ,oa O;;as‛k es jksx nsus dh {kerk dk fu‛p; djrs le; ;g lc /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
2-15-3 jksx Hkko esa fLFkfr
NBsa jksx Hkko esa fLFkr xzg Hkh jksx dkjd gksrk gSa ;g igys Hkh dgk tk pqdk
gSA ;g xzg ftl jkf‛k ,oa Hkko dk Lokeh gks ;k dkjd] gks og jkf‛k vkSj Hkko
dky iq#"k ds ftl vx esa iMrh gks] vFkok fdl vax vkfn dk dkjd gks] ml
vax eas jksxksRifr djrk gSA fdUrq ;gka ;g lnSo Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd ,slk
xzg tc iki izHkko esa gks rHkh jksx mRiUu dj ldrk gS ‚kqHk izHkko ugh gsrq xzg
;g gS fd fdlh Hkko dk Lokeh 6] 8] ,oa 12 osa Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj ml Hkko ds
‚kqHk Qy dks Uk"V dj nsrk gS rkRi;Z ;g gS fd NBk Hkko ‚kkjhfjd izxfr]
mUufr ,oa iqf"V lcdks jksdrk gSa vr% ;g nkScZY; o‛k jksx dkjd gks tkrk gSaA
lokZFkZ fpUrkef.k ds vuqlkj bl jksx dh vkSj nsf[k, tc iape Hkko dk Lokeh
NBsa Hkko es gksdj iq=dkjd xq# ,oa lw;Z ls ;qDr gks rks mldh iRuh dks
xHkkZL=ko jksx gksrk gSa vFkok e`r lUrku gksrh gSaA vk‛k; Li"V gSa fd lUrfr
Hkko dk Lokeh ,oa dkjd ;s nksuks tc NBsa Hkko esa jgsaxsa rc xHkZ dh iqf"V ;k
o`f) lEHko ugh gSa vfirq mi;qZDr fl)karkuqlkj iape Hkko dk ‚kqHk Qy u"V
gksus ls xHkkZL=ko ;k xHkZLFk f‛k‛k dh e`R;q gksuk LokHkkfod gSA
yXu esa NBk ?kj tkrd ds LokLF; dks bafxr djrk gSA es"k yXu dh dq.Myh es "k"B Hkko dks dU;k jkf‛k mfnr gksrh gSA vr fdlh jkssx dk irk yxkus ds fy, lEcfU/kr Hkko ds vykok uoeka‛k dqq.Myh Hkh mruh gh egRoiw.kZ gSA vr%
jksx ifjKku ds fy, uoek‛k yXu ls "k"B Hkko lw;Z vkSj pUnzek ls "k"B Hkko dks Hkh fopkj es fy;k tk;sxkA
2-15-4 yXu esa fLFkfr ;k yXus‛k gksuk
T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds vkpk;ksZ us yXu dks lkewfgd #i ls ‚kjhj ekuk gSA vr% yXu ,oa yXus‛k ij iki izHkko ‚kjhj ,oa LokLF; ds fy, fgrdj ugh gksrk gSA ;g
yXu fut ;k Lo;a dk cks/kd gSA vr% tc dksbZ xzg yXu esa fLFkr gks tkrk gSA
rks og viuh vfLFk vkfn /kkrqvksa dks fo‛ks"k ;k iw.kZ#is.k izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA
yXuLFk /kkrq,a ftudk fo‛ks"k izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA
lw;Z vfLr
pUnz jDr
eaxy ekal
cq/k Ropk
xq# olk
‚kqdz oh;
‚kfu Luk;
mnkgj.k ds fy, tc ‚kqdz yXusrj LFkku esa iki;qDr vFkok iki n`"V gks rks
oh;Z jksx gksuk lEHko rks gSA ijUrq dqN vfu‛p; jgrk gSA ogh ‚kqdz tc yXu
esa tUe yXu ;k pUnz yXu esa fLFkr gks rks lkeqfgd ‚kjhj ls mldk lEidZ gksus ds dkj.k ogh oh;Z dk iDdk izfrfuf/k cu tkrk gSA ,slk ‚kqdz ;fn iki izHkko
esa gks rks fuf‛pr #i ls oh;Z fodkj mRiUu djsxkA
;gka ge ,d ckr vkSj Li"V dj nsuk pkgsxsa fd tc dksbZ xzg yXu esa fLFkr gks ;k yXUks‛k gks rks og ‚kjhj ds mu rRoksa dk fo‛ks"k izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA tks
‚kjhj esa vf/kd O;kid gSA mnkgj.k lw;Z] vka[k] gzn; ,oa gMMh bu lc dk
dkjd ;k izfrfuf/k gSA ;g yXu esa fLFkfr ;k yXus‛k gksdj gMMh dk fo‛ks"k
izfrfuf/kRo djsxk D;ksafd ‚kjhj esa gMMh vka[k ,oa gzn; dh vis{k vf/kd O;kid
gSA blh izdkj pUnzek eu QsQMs ,oa jDr bu lcdk izfrfuf/k gSA ijUrq ;g
yXUk esa fLFkfr yXus‛k gksus ij jDRk dk fo‛ks"k izfrfuf/k gksxkA
Xkzg& jksx
/kkrq
yXu esa fLFkr ,oa yXus‛k gksus ij vax ,oa
lw;Z& us=] gzn;] ,oa vfLFk & vfLFk
pUnz& eu] QsQMs ,oa jDr & jDr
eaxy&ekal ,oa eTtk & ekal
cq/k& okD‛kfDr Jo.k ‚kfDr ,oa Ropk & Ropk
xq#& mnj] vkU=] ftxj] ,oa esnk & esnk
‚kqdz& us=] ew=] ,oa oh;Z oh;Z
‚kfu& iSj ,oa uls &Luk;q
mi;qDr fLFkfr esa ;fn lw;kfn xzg fucZy ,oa iki izHkko ;qDr gk rks vius
dkjdRo ds vuqlkj fuf‛pr #i la jksx nsrs gSA
xzg jksx
lw;Z vfLFkToj] gMMh VqVuk vfLFk nkScZY;
pUnz jDrfodkj] jDrHkko ,oa jDrpki
eaxy lw[kk jksx
cq/k Ropk jksx] nkn] [kkt] [ktyh] QqUlh
xq# LFkkSY; ,oa nkScZY;
‚kqdz oh; fodkj] izesg] e/kqesg] /kkrq {k;
‚kfu Luk;q nkScZY; Qfyr ,oa ydok
yXu ds Lokeh dk uhpLFk Hkh jksx dk lwpd gksrk gSA D;ksfd yXukf/kifr O;fDr
dk lkewfgd ‚kjhj gSA vkSj uhpRo nqcZyrk dk |ksrd gSA vLrq lw;kZfn yXus‛kks
dh fuf‛prrk ds fy, bu xzgk ij iki izHkko dk gksuk ijeko‛;d gSA
2-15-5 uhp jkf‛k] ‚k=q jkf‛k esa fLFkfr ;k fucZyrk
uhp jkf‛k] ‚k=q jkf‛kxr ,oa vU; izdkj ls fucZy xzg ‚kjhj esa viuh /kkrq dh
visf{kr iwfr ugh dj ikrk rFkk og ftu vaxks dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gSA mudk
Hkh lE;d fodkl ugh gksus nsrkA Qyr% bl izdkj dk xzg vius rRo ds vHkko
}kjk dkjdRo ds vuqlkj vax ;k /kkrq esa fodkj mRiUu dj jksx nsrkk gSA
uhp jkf‛kxr] vLraxr ;k fucZy xzg jksx
lw;Z
pUnz
eaxy
cq/k
xq#
‚kqdz
‚kfu
firToj] nkg] us=] ihMk ,oa gzn; nkScZY;
dQtjksx] ‚khrToj] mUekn ,oa tyksnj
tyuk] fxjuk] xqIrjksx] flj] ‚kwy
f=nks"k] peZjksx] d.kZjksx
lwtu] ‚kksQ furEc ,oa iSj esa ihMk
oh;Z fodkj] us=jksx] eq[kjksx ,oa ew=jksx
nnZ] ok;qfodkj] Luk;qfodkj
2-15-6 iki xzgksa ls izHkkfor gksuk%
Ikkixzgksa ds lkFk gksuk ;k iki xzgksa ls n`"V gksuk iki izHkko dgykrk gSA ftl
Hkko dk izfrfuf/k xzg ikixzgksa ls n`"V ;k ;qr gksrk gS] og vius Hkko ls
lEcfU/kr vax esa jksx mRiUu djrk gSA
lEcfUèkr lkfgR; dk losZ{k.k
3-1 dSalj jksx ds ;ksx ,ao dky fuèkkZj.k
T;ksfr"k dk vk/kkj iwoZtUed`r deZ gS vkSj xzg buds ladsfrd ek= gSA T;ksfr"k
lq=ks ds vuqlkj pUnz vkSj xq# ddZ jkf‛k vkSj f}LoHkko jkf‛k;ks ds iki ihfMr
gksus rFkk foHkktd xzg jkgq dsrq vkSj dwzj xzg lw;Z] eaxy] ‚kfu dk laca/k 6] 8]
12 ls gks rks dlj jksx gksrk gSA
jkgq] lw;Z] eaxy] ‚kfu ,ao dsrq izkd`frd dwzj gksus es rkefld ,ao fod`fr dkjd
Hkh gSA feFkqu] /kuq ,ao ehu f}LoHkko laKd jkf‛k;ka gSA
dk;sZ‛k xzg dsrq dk dksf‛kdkvksa ds foHkktu vkSj fouk‛k esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
xq# thorRo dkjd rFkk iks"k.k ,ao dksf‛kdk o`f)dkjd xzg esVkcksfyTe dk
fu;a=d Hkh gS vkSj eaxy jDRk] ylhdk ra= vkSj gheksXyksfcu dk dkjd gSA ‚kfu
foVkfeu ch 12 vkSj lw;Z foVkfeu A vkSj D dk dkjd gSA
izkphu xzUFk o`gr ikjk‛kj ds v/;k; 18 ds ‚yksd 12 o 13 v/;k; jksx dks
js[kkafdr djrs gS fd "k"B Hkko ij dwzj xzg dk izHkko LokLF; ds fy, gkfuizn gksrk gSA
;fn "k"B Hkkoesa jkgq ‚kfu gks rks tkrd nh?kZdkfyd jksxh gksrk gSA
dSalj jksx vkSj uoxzgksa ds dkjdrRo
Lkw;Z& lj] isV] vkSj Likbuy dksM ds daljA
pUnz& jDr vkSj Lru daljA
eaxy& jDr] cksuesjks] xHkkZ‛k; dSaljA
cq/k& xky] eqag] ukd] QsQMs ds dsaljA
xq#& fyoj] dku] thHk] ds dsaljA
‚kqdz xky vkSj tusfUnz; dsaljA
‚kfu QsQMs] nkar] gfMM;ks ds dsaljA
T;ksfr"k vkSj fHkUu izdkj ds dlj%&
3-1-1 jDr dlj eaxy eq[;r% jDr vkSj jDRkizokfguh dk dk;sZ‛k gS rFkk panz
jDr ds cgko dk fu;a=d gSA jkgq ;k dsrq flag jkf‛k esa gks vkSj pUnz eaxy jkgq ;k dsrq ds u{k= es gksdj f=d Hkkoks ls lEcaf/kr gks rks jksx dkjd xzg dh n‛kk esa jDr dlj gksrk gSA
eaxy feFkqu ;k dqEHk esa gks vkSj jkgq ;k dsrq ls ;qfr n`f"V laca/k gks rks dlj
gksrk gSA
‚kfu rqyk jkf‛k esa eaxy vkSj jkgq nksuks ls ;qfr n`"V gks ;k ,d nwljs ds u{k= esa gksdj f=d Hkko es dk;sZ‛k gksA
3-1-2 Lru dlj ;fn "k"B Hkko dk Lokeh prqFkZ essa gks ;k prqFkZs‛k ds u{k= esa
gks] dsrq "k"B Hkko esa gks vkSj pUnz] eaxy vkSj ddZ jkf‛k ij iki izHkko gks rks
Lru dsalj gksrk gSA
;fn f}rh;s‛k v"VeLFk gks] v"Ves‛k yXuLFk gks rFkk pUnzek ds lkFk gh vkSj f=d Hkkoks esa ls fdlh ,d dk Lokeh gksdj YkXu ij n`f"V Mky jgk gks rks
tkrd dks jDr dlj gksus dh lEHkouk jgrh gSA
3-1-3 QsQMks dk dlj "k"B Hkko dk Lokeh r`rh; dk Hkh dk;sZ‛k gks vkSj dsrq
cq/k ds u{k= esa gks ;k feFkqu jkf‛k esa ikixzg dk izHkko gksA
;fn ekjds‛k }kjk vFkkZr lkaroas vkSj nqljss ?kj ds Lokfe;ks }kjk n`"V ;k ;qr
ihfMr pUnzek gks ,ao "k"Bs‛k ikih xzgks ds lkFk csBk gks rks tkrd dsalj jksxh gks
ldrk gSA
;fn pUnzek iki xzgksa ds lkFk v"Ve] "k"B vFkok }kn‛k Hkko esa csBk gks vkSj lw;Z
ls n`"V gks rks tkrd dsalj dk jksxh rks gks ldrk gS] ijUrq Bhd gks tk,xkA
;fn detksj LkIres‛k v"Ves‛k gks] ‚kqHk xzgksa ls n`"V gks] vkSj "k"Bs‛k ‚kfu ;k jkgq
}kjk n`"V gks rks tkrd dks tuukaxks dk dlj gks ldrk gSA
pUnzek ls "k"B esa ‚kfu] "k"B rFkk yXu ikih xzgksa ls n`"V gks dU;k] jkf‛k ,ao
iape Hkko ikih xzg ls ihfMr gks rks isV dk dlj gksrk gSA
eaxy ,ao dsrq "k"B Hkko es gks rks tkrd dks dsalj jksx gks tkrk gSA
;fn rhljk Hkko jkgq] eaxy ;k ‚kfu ls n`"V gks rFkk bldk Lokeh f=d Hkkoksa esa
;k yXu esa gks vkSj ‚kfu eaxy ikih xzgks ls n`"V gks rks xys dk dlj gksrk gSA
;fn ty jkf‛k;ks ehu "k"B fLFkr jkgq ‚kfu ls n`"V gks rks jDr dSalj gksus dh
lEHkkouk jgrh gSA
;fn ‚kfu mPpLFk jkf‛k esa gks ijUrq eaxy ls n`"V gks ;k dsrq ds lkFk gks rks
jDr dlj dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA
dU;k jkf‛k esa ;fn lw;Z vksj eaxy gks rFkk ikih xzg ds izHkko esa gks rks V;wej gksus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA tks ckn esa dsalj cu tkrh gSA
3-1-4 xys dk dlj cq/k ikixzg ls ;qDr gksdj f=d Hkko dk Uk{k= dk;sZZs‛k gks
vkSj 2 Hkko iki ;k o`"kHk jkf‛k es gks vkSj jkgq ;k dsrq ls laca/k gks rks xys]
Hkkstu uyh esa dsalj gksrk gSA
3-1-5 vkarks dk dlj ;fn lw;Z f=d Hkko 6] 8] 12 ds Lokeh ds lkFk
vofLFkr gks rks vkarks ds dalj dh vk‛kadk jgrh gSA jkgq ls laca/k gks rks jksx
?kkrd gks tkrk gSA
;fn f=d Hkkoks 6] 8] 12 os Hkko ds Lokeh yXu ;k lw;Z yXu ls jkgq ;k dsrq ds
lkFk gks rks dlj dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA
;fn ‚kfu] eaxy ,ao xq# f=d Hkkoks ds Lokeh ds lkFk ddZ jkf‛k esa vofLFkr gks
rks dlj jksx dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSa
;fn uhp dk lw;Z "k"Bs‛k ds lkFk fdlh n`’; LFkku es vofLFkr gks rks Hkh dlj
gksus dh vk‛kadk cyorh jgrh gSA
;fn ikih xzgksa dh jkf‛k es {kh.k pUnz f=d LFkku ij csBk gks rks tkrd dlj
dk jksxh gks tkrk gSA
;fn pUnzek ,d lkFk eaxy vkSj ‚kfu ls n`"V gks rks tkrd dsalj ln`‛k vlk/; jksx dk jksxh gks tkrk gSA
;fn dksbZ iki xzg f}rh;LFk gks ;k f}rh; Hkko iki xzg ls n`"V gks rFkk f=d
Hkko ds Lokfe;kssa ls ;qr gks rks tkrd vo‛; gh dsalj dk jksxh gksrk gsSA
;fn yXu es dksbZ iki xzg gks] "k"Bs‛k c`gLifr gks rFkk lw;Z o pUnz {kh.k cfy ;k
uhpLFk gks rks tkrd dks jDr dsalj gks tkrk gSA
fu"d"kZ bl izdkj fuez lHkh vo;o ihfMr voLFkk esa gksus ls dlj gksrk gSa
blds vfrfjDr dlj okyh if=dkvksa esa dksb u dksb xzg odzh voLFkk o uhp
voLFkk esa t#j ik;k tkrk gSA
3-2 dSalj% T;ksfr"kh ;ksx
1- cq/k ls f}rh;] uoe] n‛ke Hkko esa jkgq dh fLFkfr dSalj nsrh gSA
2- dq.Myh esa pUnzek ;fn NBs Hkko esa ;k vkBossa Hkko esa ;k ckjgosa Hkko esa cSBk gks rks dSalj dh laHkkouk curh gSA
3- loZizFke vfj"B ;ksx o v‛kqHk tUe le; dk fopkj djsA ,sls yksxks dks dSalj jksx gksus dh lEHkkouk vf/kd jgrh gSA vk;q ;ksx Bhd gksus ij dSalj jksx gksrs gq, Hkh thou lEHkkfor gksrk gSA
4- xzgksa ds uhp jkf‛k esa gksus ls dSalj dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA ,slk lkfgR;d ;ksx es ik;k x;k gSA
5- pUnzek के u{k=ksa esa] xq# ds u{k=kas esa] jkgq ds u{k=ksa esa बठा
6- xq: dk 6]12 Hkko esa gksuk vkSj ‚kfu dk 6]8]12 Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh laHkkouk crkrk gSA
7- dSalj tSls cMs jksx ds fy, ewy #i ls YkXu] yXus‛k o pUnzek dk nwf"kr
gksuk vko‛;d gSA blds lkFk gh tUe le; v‛kqHk gks] ladzkafr] vekoL;k]
xaMkar fo"k ?kMh gks rks fo‛ks"k ;ksx gksrs gSA lIres’k] }kn‛ks‛k o HkkX;s‛k dk
v"Ve esa ;ksx vkSj yXus‛k ij ‚kfu eaxy dh n`f"V dSalj dks ?kkrd cuk nsrh gSA
8- ftl Hkko ij iki xzgksa dh n`f"V iM jgh gks rFkk pUnz nwf"kr gks jgk gks ml Hkko ds vax ij dSalj gkssrk gSA
9- ;fn f=d Hkkoks 6]8]12 Hkko ds Lokeh yXu ;k lw;Z yXu ls jkgq ;k dsrq ds lkFk gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk izcy jgrh gSA
10- Xkq# xzg ds ihfMr gksus ij vkSj dzwj vkSj ‚k=q xzg ds u{k= esa gksus ij dSalj dh laHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
11- foHkktu dkjd xzg jkgq nq"izHkko vFkok lw;Z] eaxy o ‚kfu ds nq"izHkko dk tUe dq.Myh esa vf/kd gksuk dSalj jksx dks n‛kkZrk gSa
12- "k"B Hkko dk Lokeh prqFkZ esa gks ;k prqFksZ’k ds u{k= esa gks ;k dsrq "k"B Hkko esa gks vkSj pUnz o eaxy ddZ jkf‛k esa iki izHkko esa gks rks Lru dSalj gkssrk gSA
13- Lkw;Z dk 5]8 es gksuk] cq/k dk 6]9]10 esa gksuk] jkgq dk 2]4]8 Hkko esa gksuk]
dsrq dk 8]10]12 Hkko esa gksuk dSalj jksx nsrk gSA
14- jkgq dk edj jkf‛k es gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk nsrk gSA
15- lokZf/kd dSalj dq.Myh;ksa esa ;g ik;k gS fd pUnzek x.Mewy u{k=ksa esa gksrk gSA vFkkZr dSalj fifMr tkrd v‛ouh] v‛ys"kk] e?kk] ts"B] ewy vkSj jsorh
‚kkfey gSA
16- fdlh Hkh ,d Hkko ij jkgq] eaxy vkSj ‚kfu tSls ikih xzg dh n`f"V dSalj gksus dh lEHkkouk c<k nsrh gSA
17- ftu u{k=ksa esa iki xzg gkssrs gS vkSj og u+{k= ‚kjhj ds ftl Hkkx ls laca/k j[krs gS mu vaxksa d dSalj gkssrk gSA
18- lw;Z] cq/k] xq:] ‚kqdz ‚kfu dk o`"k jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk
c<krk gSA
19- ‚kfu dk feFkqu vkSj ddZ jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRRkjnk;h gksrk gSA
20- yXus‛k] iapes‛k] "k"Bs‛k] lIres‛k] v"Besa‛k] uoes‛k] }kn‛ks‛k dk es"k] o`"k]
feFkqu jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk crkrk gSA
21- ddZ esa jkgq vkSj dU;k esa jkgq vkSj mu ij iki izHkko vkSj mudk 6]8]12 ls
LkEcU/k dSalj nsrk gSA
22- eaxy ls jkgq 6]8]12 Hkko esa fLFkr gksus ij dSalj gksrk gSA
23- uhp dk cq/k] eaxy] ‚kfu dSalj jksx gksus esa lgk;d gkssrk gS
24- pUnz] ‚kfu dk ;ksx vkSj ml ij dzwj xzg dh n`f"V dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk
c<krh gS vkSj mudk 6]8]12 lss lECkU/k t#j gksrk gSA iki n`f"V dSalj jksx nsrh gSA
25- dsr ds lkFk ‚kfu dk ;ksx dSalj dh lEHkkouk c<krk gS] vkSj dsrq ds lkFk
pUnzek dk ;ksx dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk c<krk gSA
26- v"Ves‛k tc es"k] o`"k vkSj ehu jkf‛k esaa gks] rks dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
27- "k"Bs‛k] es"k] o`"k vkSj feFkqu jkf‛k esa gks] rks dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
28- f}rh;s‛k dk lIre] v"Ve] uoe Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk izcy djrk gSA
29- r`rh;s‛k dk uoe Hkko vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa gksuk dSlj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
30- iapes‛k dk v"Ve vkSj n‛ke esa gksuk dSalj dh laHkkouk nsrk gSA
31- }kn‛ks‛k dk NBsa] vkBosa Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
32- ihfM+r lw;Z dk iape vkSj v"Ve esa mifLFkfr dSalj ds fy, mRRkjnk;h
ik;h xbZA
33- pUnzek fd pkSFks Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj ds fy, QsQMs vkSj Lru dSalj ds fy, ik;h xbZ gSA
34- ‚kfu dk v"Ve vkSj 12osa esa gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;k x;k gSA
35- jkgq dk f}rh; Hkko esa] prqFkZ Hkko esa] NBsa Hkko esa dSalj ds fy, mRrjknk;h ik;k x;kA
36- dsrq dh v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;h xbZ gSA
37- xq: dk 12osa Hkko esa gksuk dSlj dk izcy ;ksx crkrk gSA
38- x.Mewy u{k=ksa esa tUe gksus ij dSlj fd izcy lEHkkouk ns[kh xbZA
39- jkgq dk gLr u{k= esaa gksuk Jo.k u{k= esa gksuk vkSj ‚krfHk"kk u{k= esa gksuk
dSalj fd izcy lEHkkouk dks n‛kkZrk gSA
40- ‚kfu dk lw;Z d u{k= d`frdk esa gksuk] pUnzek ds u{k= jksfg.kh esa gksuk]
eaxy ds u{k= e`xf‛kjk esa gksuk] jkgq dk u{k= vknzk esa gksuk] dsrq ds u{k= e`?kk
esa gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, izcy mRrjnk;h ekuk x;k gSA
41- ‚kfu ls nqljs] uosa] X;kjgosa] jkgq dk gksuk vkSj xq: ls ikposa] NBs] lkrosa
vkSj ckjgosa ‚kfu dk gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, mRrjknk;h gksrk Gsa
3-3 dSlj xkspjh; xzgksa dk izHkko
1- tc xkspj esa lk<s lkrh py jgh gksrh gSA rc dSalj dh lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
2- jkgq ddZ jkf‛k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk] rks dd ij jkgq dk xkspj vkSj jkgq dk
xkspj dSalj jksx dks nsus fd lEHkkouk dks c<k nsrk gSA
3- tc NBsa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 Hkko ls xkspjLFk gks rc dSalj fd
lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
4- vkBosa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 osa Hkko ls xkspj djs rks dSalj fd
lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5- ckgjosa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 Hkko lsa xkspj djs rks dSalj fd
lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
6- jkgq dsrq dk xkspj dq.Myh esa 6]8]12 Hkko ls xkspj djs rc dSalj jksx fd
lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
7- uhp ds xq: dk xkspj dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA vkSj ;fn dqaMyh esa Hkh
xq: uhp dk gks A
8- uhp ds eaxy] cq/k] jkgq] ‚kfu ds xkspj Hkh izHkkoh gSA dSalj ds fy, ;fn dqaMyh esa Hkh ogh xzg uhp dk gks] rks vkSj og 6]8]12 ls Hkh tqMrh gS] rksA
3-4 dSlj & n‛kkxr xzgksa dk izHkko
1- dqaMyh esa tc NBsa Hkko ds Lokeh dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk es jksx fd lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
2- dqaMyh esa tc vkBosa Hkko ds Lokeh fd n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkrh gS] rc jksx dh lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
3- tc ckgjosa Hkko fd n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkrh gS] rc Hkh dSalj jksx fd lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
4- 6]8]12 Hkko esa csBsa xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk esa Hkh lEHkkouk gksrh gS] dSalj jksx dhA
5- ftl ‚kjhj ds vax esa dSalj esa ml Hkko ds xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk Hkh jksx dks bafxr djrh gSA
6- ftl Hkko ij dzwj xzgksa dk vR;f/kd izHkko gksrk gSA mlds Lokeh dh n‛kk&vUrn‛kk ls Hkh izHkko iMrk gSA
7- dqaMyh eas ;fn dksbZ dksbZ uhp dk xzg gS] vkSj og dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS rks ml xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk Hkh dSalj jksx nsus esa l{ke gksrh gSA
'kksèk i)fr (Methodology)
4-1 'kksèk dk mís'; (Statement of the problem)
gekjs ‚kks/k dk mn~ns‛; gS fd dSalj tSls Hk;kud jksxksa dk iwoZ vkadyu vkSj
dky fu/kkZj.k T;ksfr"kh; nzf"Vdks.k ls dj ldsA vkSj bl vkadyu ds vk/kkj ij ;fn mlds thou esa bl jksx dh laHkkouk cu jgh gS rks og viuh thou esa
‚kSyh esa cnyko dj bl Hk;kud jksx ls cpko dj lds] og mfpr fpfdRlh; ekxZn‛kZu vkSj viuh thou ‚kSyh es cnyko dj bl Hk;kud jksx ls cpko dj
ldsA vFkkZr bl ftKklk dh r`Irh djuk gh ‚kks/k ds mn~ns‛; gSA
T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj dSalj gksus ds D;k ;ksx gSA
dSaalj gksus esa fdu xzgksa dk ;ksxnku gSA
T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj dSalj jksx dk dky fu/kkZj.k esa n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkSj xkspj
dk egRoA
‚kks/k fo"k; dks lqpk# #i ls laIkUu djkus ds fy, mldk lqfu;ksftr gksuk vfuok;Z gSA izLrqr fo"k; dk v/;;u lw{erk ,oae xgurk vkSj ;kstukc)
rjhds ls laiUu gks blfy, ‚kks/k dks fofHkUu v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr dj ‚kks/k fo"k; dk foospu fo‛ys"k.k fd;k tk;sxkA var esa milagkj fn;k tk;sxkA
4-2 ‚kks/k&{ks= (Scope ofResearch)
‚kks/k v/;;u dk {ks= Hkkjr ns‛k esa jktLFkku vkSj e/;izns‛k esa dSalj ls ihfMr
O;fDr;ksa fd dq.Mfy;ka gksxh ftudh vk;q 20 ls 60 o"kZ ds e/; gksxh bu yksxks
ls O;fDrxr laidZ vFkok iz‛ukoyh ds ek/;e ls tUe fnukad] tUe le; ,oa
tUe LFkku dk MkVk izkIr dj budh tUe dq.Myh;ksa esa ‚kks/k leL;k ij v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA v/;;u dk u{k=] Hkko] pfyr yXu fuj;u Hkko pfyr ds lkFk lkFk tSfeuh T;ksfr"k vk/kkfjr dkjdksa rd foLrkj fd;k tk;sxk] fdlh
fo‛ks"k izdkj ds dSalj dk vkdyu fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g ‚kks/k dsoy dSalj jksx vkSj mlds dky fu/kkZj.k rd lhfer gSA
4-3 ‚kks/k dh lhek (Limitations)
1- bl ‚kks/k esa foa‛kkarjh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk dk gh iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vU; izdkj dh v"VksRrjh] ;ksfxuh] dkypdz] pjn‛kk vkfn n‛kkUrn‛kk dk ifjR;kx fd;k x;k gSA
2- xkspj i)fr }kjk vk;qfu.kZ; esa o xzgksa dks fy;k x;k gSA vk/kqfud T;ksfr"k esa iz;ksx gksus okys IywVksa] ;wjsul o usIP;wu xzgksa dk ifjR;kx fd;k x;k gSA
3- xzgksa dk xkspj yXu vkSj pUnz yXu nksuks ls gh fy;k x;k gSA
4- pfyr dq.Myh Hkh gekjs v/;;u {k= ls ckgj gSA
5- xzgksa ds xkspj esa xzgksa dk mPp uhp] odzh] ekxhZ Lo{ks=h] fe= {ks=h o cykcy vkfn dk fopkj ugh fd;k x;k gSA
4-4 ifjlheu (Delimitation)
1- T;ksfr"k xzUFkksa ij vk/kkfjr xzgksa dk LoHkko] jkf‛k Lokeh vkSj Hkkok dks tSls gks oSls gh fy;k x;k gSA
2- xzgksa dh n`f"V Hkh T;ksfr"k xzUFkksa dks gh vk/kkj eku dj yh xbZ gSA
3- bl ‚kks/k esa foa‛kksaRrjh n‛kk dks gh vk/kkj ekuk x;k gSA ‚ks"k lHkh n‛kkvksa dk ifjR;kx fd;kA
4- xzgksa dk n‛kk dky xq# 16 o"kZ] ‚kfu 19 o"kZ] T;ksfr"k xzUFkksa ds vuqlkj gh fy;k x;k gSA
5- bl ‚kks/k esa fyax ds vk/kkj ij dSalj dk fopkj ugh fd;k x;k gSA
4-5 'kksèk izfØ;k (Procedure)
4-5-1 vè;;u dk izk:i (Design of Study)
bl ‚kks/k ds v/;;u ds fy, 500 dSalj ihfMr tkrdksa dh tUe dq.Mfy;ksa dks fujh{k.k fd;k x;k vkSj budh tUe frfFk] TkUe le;] vkSj tUe LFkku ds vk/kkj ij budh dq.Mfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh bUgs dSalj ds irk yxus dk le; vkSj orZeku voLFkk Hkh ladfyr dh xbZ gSA bu dSalj ihfMr tkrdksa dh tUedq.Mfy;kas d fujh{k.k rhu izdkj ls fd;k x;kA (;ksxksa }kjk] Xkkspj }kjk] n‛kkvksa }kjk)A
1- ;ksxksa }kjk%& bl i)fr esa dSalj gksus ds ;ksxksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA
2- Xkkspj i)fr%& dSalj ihfMr dq.Mfy;ksa ds vk/kkj ij tkrd dks fdu xzgksa dk xkspj dSalj gksus ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA bldk v/;;u bu i)fr;ksa ls fd;k
x;k A
3- n‛kk i)fr%&bl i)fr esa tc tkrd dks dSalj dk irk pyk rc fdl xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk py jgh Fkh bldk fujh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh n‛kk& vUrnZ‛kk dk tUe dq.Myh esa fdl Hkko ;k xzg ls D;k lEcU/k cu jgk gSA bldk Hkh v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA
4-5-2 izfr:i ;k uewus (Sample)
bl v/;;u ds fy, 1000 izfr:i fy, x;s gSA tks lHkh leqnk;ksa ds
gSa bu izk:iksa esa vf/kdrj izfr:i jktLFkku ds gSaA bu izfr:iksa esa
tkrd dh tUefrfFk] tUe le;] tUe LFkku vkSj muds ifjokj tuksa
}kjk nh xbZ lwpukvksa ds vuqlkj yh xbZ gSA bu izfr:iksa esa mijksaDr ds lgh&lgh gksus dk Hkh /;ku j[kk x;k gSA
4-5-3 vkadM+ksa dk laxzg.k (Collection of Data)
vkadMks dk laxzg.k ‚kks/kdrkZ us vius dqN ikfjokfjd lEcfU/k;ksa ls dqN fe= o
cU/kqvks ls rFkk dqN laxzg.k dlj gkWLihVyksa ls rFkk dqN laxzg.k bUVjusV ls izkIr fd;k x;k gSA
4-5-3 iz;ksx esa yk, tkus okys midj.k (Tools)
izLrqr vè;;u esa fofHkUu tkrdksa dh tUedq.Mfy;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS rFkk bu
tUedq.Mfy;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, uhps fy[ks x;s VwYl iz;ksx esa yk, x;s gSaA
1- dq.Mfy;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, mŸkjh Hkkjr esa iz;ksx gksus okys tUei=h fuekZ.k ds fl)karksa ij
vkèkkfjr fy;ks LVkj lkW¶Vos;j dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
2- v;uka'k ,u- lh- ykfgM+h dk iz;ksx esa yk;k x;k gSA
3- blds vfrfjDr LFkkuh; ¼iatkc izkar½ iapkaxksa tSls ^iapkax fnokdj* tkyaèkj] iapkax ¼nsohn;ky½]
ekŸkZ.M ¼eqdqUn cYyHk] dqjkyh okyk½ dk Hkh ;nk&dnk iz;ksx izk:iksa ds fuekZ.k esafd;k x;k gSA
4-5-4 fu;e (Rules Followed)
izLrqr vè;;u esa mŸkjh Hkkjr esa iz;ksx esa ykbZ tkus okyh Qykns'k i)fr tks izkphu
rFkk uohu T;ksfr"k&xazFkksa esa gS] dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gSA T;ksfr"k ‚kkL= ds bu xzaFkksa esa eq[;r%
Qynhfidk] c`gr~ ikjk'kj gksjk ‚kkL=] tSfeuh&lw=e] ekulkxjh] tkrd ikfjtkr]
Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] lkjkoyh] tkrdkHkj.k] tkrd&rRoe~] c`gTtkrde~] ukjn lafgrk] iz‛uekxZ]
tkrdkns'k ekxZ] Hkkonhfidk] iwoZ dkyke`r vkfn lfEefyr gSaA
4-5-5 lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k izfØ;k (Statistical Procedures)
dSalj jksx ds fy, ,df=r fd, x, vkadM+ks dk lkaf[;dh fo‛ys"k.k
(statistical procedures) fofHkUu xzgksa dh Hkkoxr jkf‛kxr ,oa u{k=xr
fLFkfr dk izHkko vkadyu djus ds fy;s (non paranatric statical procedure
chi squre test (for equality of proportions and independence of attributeswithyatescorrection) dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
izk:iksa dk fo'ys"k.k
(Analysis of Data)
5- fo'ys"k.k T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj fdlh jksx fo‛ks"k dh mRifr tkrd ds tUe le; essa fdlh
jkf‛k ,ao u{k= fo‛ks"k esa ikixzgksa dh mifLFkfr ,oa jksx dkjd xzgksa dh n‛kk ,ao
n‛kkQy esa izfrdqy xkspj] iki xzg vf/kf"Br jkf‛k ds Lokeh }kjk ;qfr ;k n`f"V
jksx dh lEHkkouk dks crkrh gSA jksx dkjd xzg tc xkspj esa tUedkyhu
fLFkfr es vkrs gS vkSj varj izR;raj n‛kk es budh pyrh gS rks mlh le; jksx
mRiUu gksrk gSA T;ksfr"k esa pUnzek eu ds dkjd gS yXu ‚kjhj dk izrhd gS
rFkk lw;Z vkRek dk vkSj tUetkr jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk ds dkjd gS vr%
pUnzek] lw;Z yXus‛k ds cyh gksus ij O;fDr vkjksX; dk lq[k Hkksxrk gSA jkf‛k;ksa xzg rFkk u{k=ksa dk vf/kdkj {ks= ‚kjhj ds fofHkUu vxkas ij gSA blds vfrfjDr
dqN jksx xzg vFkok u{k= dh LokHkkfod izd`fr ds vuqlkj tkrd dks d"V nsrs gSA
dSalj jksx ds ;ksx o dky fu/kkZj.k ij ‚kks/k ds fy, izk:iks 1000 (MkVk) dks
,df=r fd;k x;k gSA vkSj bu izk:ik dks fuEu fof/k;ksa ij iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSA
1- ;ksxksa }kjk dSlaj jksx dk fu.kZ;
2- xkspj }kjk dSalj jksxksa dk fo‛ys’k.k
3- n‛kk&varnZ‛kk }kjk dSalj dk fo‛ys’k.k
;ksxksa }kjk dSalj jksx dk fu.kZ; vkSj lkaf[;dh; fo‛ys"k.k
1- cq/k ls f}rh;] uoe] n‛ke Hkko esa jkgq dh fLFkfr dSalj nsrh gSA
;g ;ksx 113 dqaMfy;ksa es ik;k x;kA
2- dq.Myh esa pUnzek ;fn NBs Hkko esa ;k vkBossa Hkko esa ;k ckjgosa Hkko esa cSBk
gks rks dSalj dh laHkkouk curh gSA
;g ;ksx cgqr de dqaMfy;ksa esa QfyHkwr gqvk cfYd ;g ns[kk x;k dh pUnzek
dk prqFkZ Hkko es gksuk dSalj jksx esa izHkkoh ik;k x;k gSA ;g ;ksx 45 dqaMyh;ks esa QfyHkwr gqvkA
3- loZizFke vfj"V ;ksx o v‛kqHk tUe le; dk fopkj djsA ,sls yksxks dks dSalj jksx gksus dh lEHkkouk vf/kd jgrh gSA vk;q ;ksx Bhd gksus ij dSalj jksx gksrs
gq, Hkh thou lEHkkfor gksrk gSA
4- xzgksa ds uhp jkf‛k esa gksus ls dSalj dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA
5- eaxy ds uhp jkf‛k esa 51 dqaMyh;ka] cq/k ds ehu jkf‛k esa 48 dqaMfy;k] ‚kfu es"k jkf‛k esa 50 dqaMfy;ksa es dsSalj jksx dh iqf"V gqbZ gSA ‚ks’k xzgksa tSls lw;Z]
pUnzek] xq:] ‚kqdz vkfn uhp xzgksa dk izHkko uk ds cjkcj ns[kk x;k gSA vr%
;g ;ksx bruk dSalj ds fy, QfyHkwr ugh ik;k x;kA
6- pUnzek के u{k=ksa esa] xq# ds u{k=kas esa] jkgq ds u{k=ks esa cSBk gqvk xzg ;fn
ihfMr gS] तो dSalj jksx gksus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA
bl ;ksx esa 93 dqaMfy;ka pUnzek ds u{k= esa] vkSj 110 dqaMfy;ka jkgq ds u{k= esa ik;h xbZ ij blesa xq: ds u{k= esa dqaMfy;k de ik;h xbZaA ij ;s ;ksx dSalj ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh jgkA
7- xq: dk ‘k’B o }kn‛k Hkko esa fLFkr gksuk rFkk ‚kfu dk ‘k’B] v’Ve o }kn‛k
Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh laHkkouk crkrk gSA
xq: dk 100 dqaMfy;ksa esa vkSj ‚kfu dk 144 dqaMyh;kas es ;g ;ksx dh iqf"V gqbZ
gSA ;s ;ksx dSalj ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh jgs gSaA
8- dSalj tSls cM jksx ds fy, ewy #i ls YkXu] yXus‛k o pUnzek dk nwf"kr
gksuk vko‛;d gSA blds lkFk gh tUe le; v‛kqHk gks] ladzkafr] vekoL;k]
xaMkar fo"k ?kVh gks rks fo‛ks"k v‛kqHk ;ksx gksrs gSA lIres‛k] }kn‛ks‛k o HkkX;s‛k
dh v"Ve esa ;qfr vkSj yXus‛k ij ‚kfu eaxy dh n`f"V dSalj dks vf/kd ?kkrd
cuk nsrh gSA
blh rjg ds ;ksx bu dq.Mfy;ksa esa ns[ks ftudh dSalj esa e`R;q dh lEHkkouk Fkh
ftudk dSalj pkSFkS LVst ij py jgk FkkA
9- ftl Hkko ij iki xzgksa dh n`f"V iM jgh gks rFkk pUnz nwf"kr gks jgk gks ml
Hkko ds vax ij dSalj gkssrk gSA
;g ;ksx 206 dq.Mfy;ksa es n`f"Vxr gqvk gSA ;g ;ksx dSalj jksx ds fy, vR;f/kd izHkkoh gSA
10- ;fn f=d Hkkok ds Lokeh yXu ;k lw;Z yXu ls jkgq ;k dsrq ds lkFk gks rks
dSalj dh lEHkkouk izcy jgrh gSA
;g ;ksx 92 dq.Mfy;ksa esa n`f"Vxr gqvk gSA
11- Xkq# xzg ds ihfM+r gksus ij vkSj dzwj vkSj ‚k=q xzg ds u{k= esa gksus ij dSalj dh laHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
bl ;ksx dh iqf"V 65 dq.Mfy;kas ij gqbZ gSA ij ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh ugh jgkA
12- foHkktu dkjd xzg jkgq nq’izHkko vFkok lw;Z] eaxy o ‚kfu ds nq"izHkko dk tUe dq.Myh esa vf/kd gksuk dSalj jksx dks n‛kkZrk gSa
70 dqaMfy;ksa esa ‚kfu dk nq"izHkko vkSj 140 dqaMyh;ksa esa jkgq d nq"izHkko ns[kk x;kA budh vis{kk eaxy dk nq"izHkko de ns[kk x;k
13- "k"B Hkko dk Lokeh prqFkZ esa gks ;k prqFksZ‛k ds u{k= esa gks ;k dsrq "k"B Hkko esa gks vkSj pUnz o eaxy ddZ jkf‛k esa iki izHkko esa gks rks Lru dSalj gkssrk gSA
10 dq.Mfy;ksa esa ;g ;ksx n`f"Vxr gqvk gSA la[;k de gksus ls bl fu;e fd
iqf"V ugh gqbZ
14- Lkw;Z dk iape o v’Ve es gksuk] cq/k dk ‘k’B] uoe o n‛ke esa gksuk] jkgq dk
f}rh;] prqFkZ o v’Ve Hkko esa gksuk] dsrq dk v’Ve] n‛ke o }kn‛k Hkko esa gksuk
dSalj jksx nsrk gSA
Lkw;Z dk izHkko 102] cq/k dk izHkko 168] jkgq dk izHkko 104] dsrq dk izHkko 165
dqaMyh;ks esa ns[kk x;kA bl ;ksx dh iqf"V dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esa vf/kd gks jgh gSA
vr% uoe vkSj n‛ke Hkko Hkh dSalj jksx ds fy, vf/kd izHkkoh jgk gSA
15- jkgq dk edj jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk nsrk gSA
;g ;ksx dh iqf"V 58 dqaMyh;ks esaa gqbZ gS vr% ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, mRRkjnk;h gSA
16- lokZf/kd dSalj dq.Mfy;ksa esa ;g ik;k gS fd pUnzek x.Mewy u{k=ksa esa gksrk gSA vFkkZr dSalj ihfM+r tkrd v‛ouh] v‛ys"kk] e?kk] T;s"Bk] ewy vkSj jsorh
‚kkfey gSA
93 dqaMfy;ksa esa ;g ;ksx ik;k x;kA ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, vf/kd mRrjnk;h gSA
17- fdlh Hkh ,d Hkko ij jkgq] eaxy vkSj ‚kfu tSls ikih xzg dh n`f"V dSalj gksus dh lEHkkouk c<k nsrh gSA
bl ;ksx dh iqf"V 60 dqaMfy;ks esaa gqbZ vr% ;g ;ksx Hkh dSalj ds fy, mRRkjnk;h gSA
18- ftu u{k=ksa esa iki xzg gkssrs gSA vkSj og u+{k= ‚kjhj ds ftl Hkkx ls laca/k j[krs gS mu vaxksa ds dSalj gkssrk gSA
73 dq.Mfy;ksa esa ;g ;ksx ik;k x;kA bu dqaMfy;ksa esa ‚kfu vkSj jkgq ds u{k= esa dSalj ls lacaf/kr xzg ik;k x;kA
19- lw;Z] cq/k] xq:] ‚kqdz o ‚kfu dk o`"k jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk
c<krk gSA
;g ;ksx geus 172 dqaMfy;ksa esa ns[kk x;k gSA ckfd xzgks dk o`"kHk jkf‛k esa izHkko
ugh ns[kk x;kA vr% bu xzgksa dk izHkko o`"k jkf‛k esa dSalj nsrk gSaA
‚kfu dk feFkqu] vkSj ddZ jkf‛k esa gksus dh 62 dqaMfy;k ik;h xbZA ;g la[;k esa
vf/kd gSA vr% ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, mRrjknk;h gSA
20- yXus‛k] iapes‛k] "k"Bs‛k] lIres‛k] v"Besa‛k] uoes‛k] }kn‛ks‛k dk es"k] o`"k]
feFkqu jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx dh laHkkouk crkrk gSA
;g ;ksx dh iqf"V yXus‛k dh 188] iapes‛k dh 168] "k"Bs‛k dh 140] lIres‛k dh 150] v"Bes‛k dh 150] uoes‛k dh 161] ,dkn‛ks‛k dh 168] }kn‛ks‛k dh 101
dqaMfy;ksa esa es"k] o`"k] feFkqu jkf‛k;ksa esa mifLFkfr ik;h xbZA ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, fo‛ks"k izHkkoh gksxkA dqN dqaMfy;ksa es ehu] ddZ jkf‛k;ka Hkh izHkkoh jghA
blds foifjr ckfd dh jkf‛k;ka izHkkoh ugh ns[kh xbZ] vr% ;g ,d uohu ;ksx
dh iqf"V gksrh gS] dh ges dSalj jksx dh iqf"V djrs le; es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ
vkSj ehu jkf‛k;ksa fd fLFkfr ij fo‛ks"k /;ku nsuk pkfg, A
21- ddZ esa jkgq vkSj dU;k esa jkgq vkSj mu ij iki izHkko vkSj mudk ‘k’B]
v’Ve o }kn‛k ls LkEcU/k dSalj nsrk gSA
ddZ esaa jkgq dh dqaMfy;ks dh la[;k 39 gSA vkSj dU;k esa jkgq la[;k 65 gS] ddZ
esa jkgq dh dqaMfy;ks dh la[;k de gksus dh otg ls ;g ;ksx bruk QfyHkwr
ugh gqvk gSA dU;k esa jkgq dh dqaMfy;ks dh la[;k bl ;ksx dh iqf"V dj jgs gSA
22- eaxy ls jkgq 6]8]12 Hkko es fLFkr gksus ij dSalj gksrk gSA
;g ;ksx 129 dqaMyh;ksa esa ik;k x;kA blds foifjr eaxy jkgq dh ;qfr dSalj
ds fy, izHkkoghu ik;h xbZA
23- uhp dk cq/k] eaxy] ‚kfu dSalj jksx gksus esa lgk;d gkssrk gSA
uhp dk eaxy gksuk 51 dqaMfy;ks esa] uhp dk cq/k 48 dqaMfy;ksa es] uhp dk ‚kfu
50 dqaMfy;ksa esa ik;k x;k gSA
24- pUnz&‚kfu dk ;ksx vkSj ml ij dzwj xzg dh n`f"V dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk c<krh gS vkSj mudk ‘k’B] v’Ve o }kn‛k lss lECkU/k vo‛; gksrk gS rFkk mu
ij iki n`f"V dSalj jksx nsrh gSA
40 dq.Mfy;ks esa bl rjg fd fLFkfr ns[kh xbZ gSA ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh ns[kk x;kA
25- dsr ds lkFk ‚kfu dk ;ksx dSalj dh lEHkkouk c<krk gS] vkSj dsrq ds lkFk
pUnzek dk ;ksx dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk c<krk gSA
dsrq pUnz dk 132 dq.Mfy;ksa esa dSalj ;ksx ik;k x;k vkSj 248 dq.Mfy;ksa esa dsrq ‚kfu dk ;ksx dSalj dq.Mfy;ksa esa izHkkoh jgk gSA
26- v"Ves‛k tc es"k] o`"k vkSj ehu jkf‛k esaa gks] rks dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
v"Ves‛k dh es"k jkf‛k es fLFkfr 48 dq.Mfy;ksa esa ik;h xbZ vkSj o`"k jkf‛k esa 49
dq.Mfy;ksa esa ik;h xbZA
27- "k"Bs‛k] es"k] o`"k vkSj feFkqu jkf‛k esa gks] rks dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
Eks"k jkf‛k esa 47 dq.Mfy;ka vkSj o`"k jkf‛k esa 47 dq.Mfy;ka vkSj feFkqu jkf‛k es 58
dq.Mfy;ka ik;h xbZ
28- f}rh;s‛k dk lIre] v"Ve] uoe Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk izcy djrk gSA
f}rh;s‛k dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh 43 dq.Mfy;ka v"Ve esa 58] dq.Mfy;ka vkSj
uoe esa 46 dq.Mfy;ka ik;h xbZA
29- r`rh;s‛k dk uoe Hkko vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa gksuk dSlj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
r`rh;s‛k dk uoe Hkko esa gksus fd 43 dq.Mfy;k vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa 49 dq.Mfy;ka
dSalj fd ik;h xbZA
30- iapes‛k dk v"Ve vkSj n‛ke esa gksuk dSalj dh laHkkouk nsrk gSA
iapes‛k dk v"Ve Hkko esa 63 dq.Mfy;k vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa 50 dq.Mfy;ka ik;h
xbZ dSalj jksx ds fy, ;g ;ksx izHkkoh gSaA
31- }kn‛ks‛k dk NBsa] vkBosa Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh izcy lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
}kn‛ks‛k ds NBsa Hkko esa gksus fd 54 dq.Mfy;ka vkSj v"Ve esa gksus fd 51 dq.Mfy;ka ik;h xbZA ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA
32- ihfM+r lw;Z dk iape vkSj v"Ve esa mifLFkfr dSalj ds fy, mRRkjnk;h ik;h xbZA
iape Hkko esa lw;Z fd 45 dq.Mfy;ka vkSj 50 dq.Mfy;ka ns[kh xbZA
33- pUnzek fd pkSFks Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj ds fy, QsQMs vkSj Lru dSalj ds fy, ik;h xbZ gSA
pUnzek fd pkSFks Hkko fd 45 dq.Mfy;ka ns[kh xbZA
34- ‚kfu dk v"Ve vkSj }kn‛k Hkko esa gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;k x;k gSA
‚kfu dk v"Ve Hkko e 38 vkSj }kn‛k Hkko esa 37 dq.Mfy;ka ns[kh xbZ gSaA
35- jkgq dk f}rh; Hkko esa] prqFkZ Hkko esa] NBsa Hkko esa dSalj nsrk gSA jkgq dk
f}rh; Hkko esa 25 vkSj prqFkZ Hkko esa 39 vkSj NBs Hkko esa jkgq fd fLFkfr 65
dq.Mfy;ksa esa ik;h xbZ] ;s ,d izcy ;ksx n‛kkZrs gSA
36- dsrq dh v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;h xbZ gSA
dsrq dk v"Ve Hkko ds 45 dq.Mfy;k ik;h xbZA ;g ;ksx dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh gSA blds foifjr dsrq dk ckjgosa Hkko es gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ugh
ik;k x;kA
37- xq: dk }kn‛k Hkko esa gksuk dSlj dk izcy ;ksx crkrk gSA
xq: fd }kn‛k Hkko es 48 dq.Mfy;ka ns[kh xbZ
38- x.Mewy u{k=ksa esa tUe gksus ij dSlj fd izcy lEHkkouk ns[kh xbZA
jsorh es 27] ewy esa 25] T;s"Bk 13] vf‛ouh esa 21] dq.Mfy;ka dSalj fd ik;h
xbZA
39- jkgq dk gLr u{k= esaa gksuk Jo.k u{k= es gksuk vkSj ‚krfHk"kk u{k= esa gksuk
dSalj fd izcy lEHkkouk dks n‛kkZrk gSA
jkgq dk gLr u{k= 41] Jo.k u{k= esaa 33] vkSj ‚krfHk"kk u{k= esa 36 dq.Mfy;ka ik;h xbZ
40- ‚kfu dk lw;Z ds u{k= d`frdk esa gksuk] pUnzek ds u{k= jksfg.kh esa gksuk] eaxy ds u{k= e`xf‛kjk esa gksuk] jkgq dk u{k= vknzk esa gksuk] dsrq ds u{k= e?kk esa gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, izcy mRrjnk;h ekuk x;k gSA
d`frdk esa 28] jksfg.kh esa 18] e`xf‛kjk esa 21] vknzk esa 28] iwuoZlq esa 27] iq"; esa 14] vk‛ys"kk esa 18] e?kk esa 33] gLr esa 25] fp=k esa 20 dq.Mfy;k ik;h xbZA
41- ‚kfu ls nljs] uosa] X;kjgosa] jkgq dk gksuk vkSj xq: ls ikposa] NBs] lkrosa
vkSj ckjgosa ‚kfu dk gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, mRrjknk;h gksrk gSA
;g ;ksx 170 dqaMfy;ksa esa ik;k x;k vkSj dsalj ds fy, izHkkoh Hkh jgkA
fu"d"kZ%& 41 essa ls 31 ;ksx izHkkoh gSA dSalj ds fy, ckfd 10 ;ksx izHkkoh de ik;s x;sA D;ksafd mudh dqaMfy;ksa dh la[;k de FkhA oks 31 ;ksx dSalj dh izcy laHkkoukvksa dks n‛kkZrs gSA blesa ls u{k= okys ;ksx fo‛ks"k izHkkoh ik;s x;sA
D;ksfd tks ;ksx dSalj dqaMfy;ks esa ik;s x;s ogh ;ksx ukWu dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esa Hkh ns[ks x;sA ij tc u{k=ksa dh fLFkfr dk vkadyu fd;k rks ifj.kke cgqr gh
mRlkg tud Fks vr% ;g 31 ;ksx dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh ;ksx gSA vkSj ;g xzkQ
}kjk chi test esa Hkh ik;k x;k gSA
5-2 lHkh xzgksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
lw;Z dh fofHkUUk Hkkoksa esaa fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 16738.50, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-1
lw;Z dh iape] v"Ve] uoe] vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj jksx dks crkrh gSA
pUnzek dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1110.69, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-2
pUnzek ds pkSFks Hkko esa gksus ij dSalj dh laEHkkouk vf/kd ik;h xbZ gSA oks
blfy, Hkh D;kssafd gekjs MkVk esaa LRku dSalj vkSj QsQMksa ds dSalj dh dq.Mfy;ka
vf/kd Fkh D;ksfd tgka MkVk ,df=r dj jgs Fks ogka Lru dSalj vkSj QsQMks dk
dSalj vf/kdrj yksxks esa FkkA
Ekaxy dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 453.16 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-3
eaxy dh uoe esa ;s fLFkfr cgqr vf/kd ik;h x;h gSA blds foifjr yXu vkSj
prqFkZ esa laHkkouk fcYdqy ugh ik;h xbZA
Ckq/k dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1688.99, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-4
cq/k dk NBsa] uoe vkSj n‛ke esa dSalj izHkkoh crk;k gSA
Xkq: dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1925.36, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-5
xq: dk NBs Hkko vkSj ckgjo Hkko esa dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk dk T;knk izHkko
lkeus vk;k gSA
‚kqdz dh fofHkUUk Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 768.40, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-6
‚kqdz ds r`rh; vkSj uoe Hkko esa T;knk izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
‚kfu dh fofHkUUk Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 870.30, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-7
‚kfu dk vkBosa] vkSj 12osa Hkko esa dSalj dk izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA ‚kfu oSls Hkh
6]8]12 ls tqMrk gSA rks yEch vof/k dk jksx nsrk gSA
jkgq dh fofHkUUk Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 492.58, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-8
jkgq dk izHkko nqljsa] pkSFks] NBs esa T;knk dSalj dkjd ns[kk x;k] oks blfy,
D;ksfd pkSFks Hkko esa pUnzek ds lkFk jkgq Lru vkSj QsQMks ds dSalj dk dkjd
cukA gekjs MkVk esa xys ds dSalj dh dq.Mfy;ka Hkh T;knk gSA NBsa Hkko esa jkg
cq/k ds lkFk] xq: ds lkFk] ‚kfu ds lkFk dSalj jksx nsus esaa l{ke jgkA
dsrq dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 492.58, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-9
dsrq v"Ve Hkko vkSj n‛ke Hkko vkSj }kn‛k Hkko esa dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh jgk oks
blfy, D;ksafd prqFkZ esa jkgq gS] rks n‛ke esa dsrq gksxk gh vkSj NBas esa jkgq gS] rks
12osa esa dsrq gksxk gh vkSj 12osa eas jkgq gS] rks v"Ve esa dsrq gksxk ghA
Ikfj.kke%& lw;Z xzg dk iape] v"Ve o n‛ke] pUnzek dk prqFkZ] eaxy] uoe o
}kn‛k] cq/k dk uoe] n‛ke o "k"B] xq: dk ‘k’B o }kn‛k] ‚kqdz dk r`rh; rFkk
uoe] ‚kfu dk ‘k’B] v’Ve o }kn‛k] jkgq dk f}rh;] prqFkZ] ‘k’B o }kn‛k rFkk
dsrq dk ‘k’B] v’Ve] n‛ke o }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa dSalj jksx dk izHkko vR;kf/kd ik;k
x;kA
5-3 lHkh xzgksa dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
lw;Z dh fofHkUu jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 986.83, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-10
lw;Z dk o`"k jkf‛k esa vkSj dqEHk jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, mrjnk;h vk;k
gSA lw;Z] ‚kqdz vkSj ‚kfu dh jkf‛k esa ‚k=qrk gSA gekjs fu;e esa gS] fd xzg ;fn
ihMk eas gS] rks dSlj dh lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
pUnzek dh fofHkUu jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1100.15, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-11
pUnzek dk es"k] /kuq] vkSj ehu fd jkf‛k esa dSalj ik;k x;kA
Ekaxy dh fofHkUu jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1866.60 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-12
eaxy dk es"k jkf‛k vkSj ehu jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ekuk x;k gSA
Ckq/k dh fofHkUUk jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2_Test300.10,Significance<·1%
xzkQ 5-13
cq/k dh o`"k vkSj ehu jkf‛k esa fLFkfr dk dSalj vf/kd nsrh gSA
xq: dh fofHkUu jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 429.31, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-14
xq: dk rqyk o o`f‛pd jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj dkjd gSA
‚kqdz dh fofHkUUk jkf‛k;ksa eas fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test1581.02,Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-15
‚kqdz dk eaxy dh jkf‛k es"k] o`"k] feFkqu vkSj flag jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj dkjd gSA
‚kfu dh fofHkUUk jkf‛k;ksa eas fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 330.73 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-16
‚kfu dk o`"k jkf‛k] feFkqu jkf‛k] ddZ jkf‛k vkSj flag jkf‛k] dU;k jkf‛k esa gksuk
dSalj jksx dkjd gSA
jkgq dh fofHkUUk jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 5-17
jkgq dk edj dqaHk vkSj dU;k jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;k gSA
Ikfj.kke%& lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk o`"k] dqaHk] pUnzek dk es"k] /kuq] daqHk] ehu] eaxy dk es"k] dU;k] ehu] cq/k dk o`"k] ehu] xq: dk o`"k] rqyk] jkgq dk es"k] o`"k]
feFkqu] ‚kfu dk o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] flag] dU;k] jkgq dk dU;k] edj] dqaHk
jkf‛k;ksa esa dSalj dh dq.Mfy;ksa ds izHkko ns[kk x;kA
5-4 xzgksa dh u{k=ksa ij fLFkfr
yXu dh fofHkUu u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 909.50 ,Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-18
vf‛ouh] jksfg.kh] gLr] fp=k] ewy] ‚krfHk"kk] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh u{k= ds yXu
gksus ij dSlj ik;k x;k gSA geus vius ;ksxks esa ;g ik;k dh i`Foh RkRo ds
u{k=] ty rRo ds u{k= vkSj x.Mewy u{k=ksa dk izHkko ns[kk tks dkbZ VsLV Hkh
n‛khZr gks jgk gSA
Lkw;Z dh fofHkUu u{k=k esa fLFkfr
Chi2_Test 8496.22,Significance< ·1%
xzkQ 5-19
Hkj.kh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vk‛ys"kk] mRrjk"kk<k] ‚krfHk"kk u{k= esa lw;Z dss gksus ij
dSalj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA geus gekjs ;ksxks esa ;s crk;k gS] fd jkgq ds u{k=
vkSj pUnz ds u{k= vkSj x.Mewy u{k=ksa dk izHkko dSalj ds fy, vf/kd
mRrjnk;h gSA
pUnzek dh fofHkUu u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test1073.30,Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-20
pUnzek dk vf‛ouh] jksfg.kh] ts"Bk] ewy] Jo.k] iwuoZlq] jsorh] u{k=ksa esa gksuk
dSalj jksx ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA gekjs ;ksxksa esa Hkh ;g QfyHkwr gks jgk gSA
Ekaxy dh fofHkUUk u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 3551.39, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-21
eaxy dk vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh iwuoZlq] Jo.k] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh] u{k=ksa dk izHkko
T;knk ns[kk x;k gSA
Ckq/k dh fofHkUUk u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 714.41, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-22
cq/k dk jksfg.kh] ewy mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh esa gksuk dSalj jksx ds fy, T;knk ik;k
x;k A
Xkq: dh fofHkUu u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 759.20, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-23
xq: dk d`frdk] iwokZQkYxquh] Lokrh vuqjk/kk iwokZ"kk<k] ‚kqdz] Jo.k iwokZHkknzin
gksuk dSlj jksx ds fy, mRrjnk;h ik;k gSA ;gka Hkh xq: tc ‚kqdz ds u{k= esa
tks fd ty rROk vkSj i`Foh rRo ds u{k=ksa es ik;k x;kA
‚kqd dh fofHkUu u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 9537.90, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-24
vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vknzk e?kk] mRrjk"kk<k bu u{k=ksa esa ‚kqdz dk
gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk c<krk gSA
‚kfu dh fofHkUu u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 795.08, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-25
‚kfu dk d`frdk] jksfg.kh] e`xf‛kjk] vknzk iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] e?kk] gLr] fp=k
u{k=ksa esa dSalj dk izHkkoh ns[kk x;kA
jkgq dh fofHkUUk u{k=ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 25970.48,Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-26
gLr] Jo.k] ‚krfHk"kk bu u{k=ksa esa jkgq gksus ls dSalj dk izHkko ns[kk x;kA
Ikfj.kke%& yXu vk‛ys"kk] jksfg.kh] gLr] fp=k] vuqjk/kk] ewy] mRrjk"kk<k] Jo.k]
mRrjk Hkknzin u{k=ks dk izHkko ns[kk x;kA
lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk Hkj.kh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vk‛ys"kk] mRRkjk"kk<k] ‚krfHk"kk] pUnzek dk vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] jksfg.kh] ewy] T;s"Bk] Jo.k] iwokZHkknzin] jsorh] eaxy dk
vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] gLr] Jo.k] ‚krfHk"kk] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh] cq/k dk vk‛ys"kk] Hkj.kh] ewy] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh] xq: dk vf‛ouh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vknzk] e?kk] mRRkjk"kk<k bu u{k=ksa] ‚kfu dk d`frdk] jksfg.kh] e`xf‛kjk] vknzk] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] e?kk] gLr] fp=k] jkgq dk vk‛ys"kk] iwokZ"kk<k] mRrjk"kk<k] Jo.k]
‚krfHk"kk] izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
‚kfu dk d`frdk] jksfg.kh] e`xf‛kjk] vknzk] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] e?kk] gLr] fp=k jkgq
dk vk‛ys"kk] iwokZ"kk<k] mRRkjk"kk<k] Jo.k] ‚krfHk"kkA xq: dk vf‛ouh] d`frdk]
Lokrh] vuwjk/kk] iwokZ QkYxquh] Jo.kA pUnzek& vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] jksfg.kh] ewy]
T;s"Bk] Jo.k] iwokZHkknzin] jsorh]A bu u{k=ksa dk izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
5-5 xzgksa dh xzgksa ls ;qfr dk izHkko
lw;Z dh fofHkUu xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2_Test.164.47,Significance<·1%
xzkQ 5-27
lw;Z dh cq/k] xq:] ‚kqdz ls ;qfr cgqr de ek=k esa dSalj jksx dh lEHkkouk ugh
crkrh gSA
pUnz dh fofHkUUk xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 27.18, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-28
pUnzek dh xq: vkSj ‚kfu ls laca/k dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
Ekaxy dh fofHkUUk xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 25.12 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5- 29
eaxy dk cq/k vkSj xq: ls ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk dks crkrs gSA
Ckq/k dh fofHkUUk xzgks ls ;fr
Chi2 _Test 22.69 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-30
cq/k dk laca/k lw;Z] pUnzek] ‚kqdz esa de xq: vkSj jkgq ls vf/kd dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
Xkq: dh fofHkUUk xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 326.79, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-31
xq: dk ‚kqdz vkSj jkgq ls laca/k ;k ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk dks crkrk gSA
‚kqdz dh fofHkUUk xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 35.97 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-32
‚kqdz dk lw;Z] cq/k] ‚kfu vkSj jkgq l ;qfr ;k laca/k dSalj dh lEHkkouk dks crkrh
gSA
‚kfu dh fofHkUu xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 21.41, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-33
‚kfu dk lw;Z] pUnzek] cq/k] ‚kqdz vkSj jkgq ls lEcU/k dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk
gSA
jkgq dh fofHkUu xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 17.94, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-34
jkgq dk ‚kfu vkSj pUnzek ls laca/k dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
dsrq dh fofHkUu xzgksa ls ;qfr
Chi2 _Test 70.64 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-35
dsrq dk pUnzek ls vf/kd] xq: ‚kfu ls de dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
Ikfj.kke%& xzgks dh xzgksa ls ;qfr esa lw;Z&cq/k] lw;Z&xq:] lw;Z&‛kqdz] pUnek&xq:]
PkUnzek&‛kfu] cq/k&xq:] cq/k&jkgq] xq:&‛kqdz] xq:&jkgq] ‚kqdz&cq/k] ‚kqdz&jkgq]
‚kfu&lw;Z] ‚kfu&PkUnz ‚kfu&cq/k] ‚kfu&jkgq] ‚kfu ‛kqdz] jkgq&‛kfu] pUnzek&dsrq]
dsrq&xq:] dsrq&‛kfu dk izHkko dq.Mfy;ksa esa ns[kk x;kA
5-5 xzgksa dh xzgksa ls fLFkfr dk izHkko
lw;Z dh pUnz ls fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 331.33, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-36
lw;Z pUnz dh ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk ugh nsrh gSA lw;Z pUnzek ;fn nqljs] pkSFks
uosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk curh gSA
lw;Z dh eaxy ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 234.90, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-37
lw;Z eaxy dh ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk ugh nsrh gSA lw;Z ls eaxy nwljs] prqFkZ]
NBsa] vkBosa vkSj n‛ke esa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk ik;h x;h gSA
Lkw;Z ls cq/k fd fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 23.19, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-38
lw;Z] cq/k dh ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk nsrh gSA
lw;Z ls xq: dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 176.11, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-39
lw;Z] xq: dh ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk cgqr de ek=k esa nsrh gSA lw;Z ls xq: ;fn ikapos] NBsa] lkrosa vkBosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk curh gSA
Lkw;Z ls ‚kqdz dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 48.40, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-40
lw;Z] ‚kqdz dh ;qfr esas dSaalj dh lEHkkouk cgqr de gksrh gSA lw;Z ls ;fn 12 osa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk curh gSAS
lw;Z ls ‚kfu dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 216.14, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-41
lw;Z ‚kfu dh ;qfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk nsrh gSA lw;Z ls ‚kfu iape] lIre] n‛ke
vkSj ckjgosa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk ik;h xbZ gSA
lw;Z ls jkgq dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 2022.19, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-42
lw;Z ls jkgq nqljs] ikapos] uosa] nlosa] X;kjgosa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
‚kqdz ls ‚kfu dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 321.77, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-43
‚kqdz ls ‚kfu pksFks] ikaposa] lkrosa vkBosa vkSj ckjgosa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
‚kqdz ls jkgq dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 751.86, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-44
‚kqdz ls jkgq ikapos] NBsa uosa] nlosa X;kjosa gks rk dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
Ekaxy dh cq/k ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 275.96, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-45
eaxy cq/k NBsa X;kjosa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
Ekaxy dh xq: ls fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 404.43, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-46
eaxy xq: igys] nqljs] pkSFks] X;kjosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
eaxy dh ‚kqdz ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 116.63 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-47
eaxy ls ‚kqdz rhljs] X;kjosa] ckjgos gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
eaxy dh ‚kfu ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 5302.39 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-48
eaxy] ‚kfu nwljs] rhljs] ikapos] vkBosa] nlosa ckgjos gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
eaxy dh jkgq ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 1578.02 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-49
eaxy ls jkgq NBssa] vkBosa] ckjgosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
cq/k dh xq: ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 336.54 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-50
cq/k ls xq: ikapos] lkrosa] uosa] ckjgosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
cq/k dh ‚kqdz ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 798.26 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-51
cq/k ls ‚kqdz pkSFks gks] rks cgqr vf/kd dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA cq/k ls 12 osa de gksrh gSA
cq/k dh ‚kfu ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 627.18 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-52
cq/k ls ‚kfu igys igys] nqljs] NBs] vkBosa] uos X;kjgosa dSalj dh lEHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA
Ckq/k dh jkgq ls fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 378.04, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-53
cq/k ls jkgq nqljs] NBs] nlosa gksus ij de ij uosa gksus ij cgqr vf/kd gkssrh gSA
‚kfu ls jkgq dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 310.71, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-54
‚kfu ls jkgq nljs] NBsa] uoas vkSj X;kgjosa gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA
pUnzek ls eaxy dh fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 257.50, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-55
pUnzek ls eaxy nwljs] ikapos] vkBosa vkSj ckjgosa gksus ij dSalj dh lEHkkouk ns[kh x;h gSA
pUnzek ls cq/k dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 566.31, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-56
pUnzek ls cq/k] igys] pksFks esa de vkSj nlosa ij vf/kd dSalj nsrk gSA
pUnzek ls xq: dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 1004.57, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-57
pUnzek ls xq: ikapos] vkBosa] X;kjgosa vkSj 12osa LFkku ij gks] rks dSalj gksrk gSA
pUnzek ls ‚kqdz dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 282.12, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-58
pUnzek ls ‚kqdz pkSFks] uosa] X;kjosa o ckjgosa de vkSj nlosa LFkku ij ‚kqdz dh
fLFkfr T;knk izHkkoh ns[kh x;h gSA
pUnzek ls ‚kfu dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 1898.14, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-59
pUnzek ls ‚kfu nwljs] pkSFks] vkSj uosa LFkku ij gks] rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh
gSA
pUnzek ls jkgq dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 580.68 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-60
pUnzek ls jkgq pkSFks] lkrosa] uosa] nlosa X;kjgosa] ckjgosa dSalj dh lEHkkouk nsrk gSA
xq: ls ‚kqdz dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 180.56 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-61
xq: ls ‚kqdz dh nwljs] NBs] vkBosa dSalj dh lEHkkouk nsrh gSA
Xkq: ls ‚kfu dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 549.95, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-62
xq: ls ‚kfu ;fn ikapos] NBs] lkrosa vkSj 12 osa LFkku ij gks rks dSalj dh
lEHkkouk vf/kd vkSj nqljs vkSj nlosa esa de gksrh gSA
Xkq: ls jkgq dh fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 164.69, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-63
xq: ls jkgq ikapos] lkrosa] uosa] nlosa gks rks dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
Ikfj.kke%& lw;Z ls PkUnzek ;fn nljs] pkSFks] uosa esa gks rks] lw;Z ls eaxy rhljs]
NBsa] n‛ke gks rks] lw;Z ls xq: iape] lIre] v"Ve gks rks] lw;Z ls ‚kfu iape]
n‛ke] }kn‛k gks rks] lw;Z ls jkgq uoe esa gks rks] ‚kqdz ls ‚kfu lkrosa] ckjgosa gks rks] ‚kqdz ls jkgq iape] uoe] n‛ke gks rks] eaxy ls cq/k NBsa] X;kjosa gks rks] eaxy
ls ‚kqdz ckjgosa gks rks] eaxy ls ‚kfu nljs] rhljs] gks rks] eaxy ls jkgq 6]8]12 gks rks] cq/k ls xq: iape] lIre] uoe gks rks] cq/k ls ‚kqdz pkSFks gks rks] cq/k ls
jkgq nwljs vkSj uoe gks rks] ‚kfu ls jkgq nqljs] uosa X;kjgosa gks rks] PkUnzek ls
‚kfu pkSFks] uosa] pUnzek ls jkgq lkrosa uosa X;kjgosa] xq: ls ‚kqdz 6]8] osa xq: ls
‚kfu 5]6]7]12 os gks rks] xq: ls jkgq] iape gks rks dSalj dh dq.Mfy;ksa esa izHkko
ns[kk x;k gSA
5-7 Hkkos‛kk dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
yXus‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 223.62, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-64
yXus‛k dk es"k esa o`"k esa feFkqu esa vkSj ehu esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk
gSA
f}rh;s‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 1968.21, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-65
f}rh; Hkko ds LOkkeh dk /kuq vkSj dqaHk jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk
gSA
r`rh;s‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 893.32, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-66
r`rh; Hkko ds Lokeh dk es"k jkf‛k esa] feFkqu jkf‛k esa vkSj dU;k jkf‛k esa dSlj
dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
prqFksZ‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;k ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 555.67, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-67
prqFkZ dh fLFkfr feFkqu] ddZ] o`f‛pd vkSj ehu jkf‛k esa dSalj gksus dh lEHkkouk
crkrh gSA
Ikapes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 886.04, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-68
iapesa‛k dh fLFkfr es"k] o`"k] feFkqu jkf‛k esa dSalj dh lEHkkouk dks n‛kkZrk gSA
"k"Bs‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 350.49, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-69
"k"Bs‛k dk ess"k] o`"k] feFkqu jkf‛k esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
lIres‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 312.84, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-70
lIres‛k dh es"k] o`"k] feFkqu vkSj o`f‛pd jkf‛k dh fLFkfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk
crkrh gSA
v"Bes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 214.44, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-71
v"Ves‛k dh es"k vkSj o`"k jkf‛k esa fLFkfr dSalj dh lEHkkouk T;knk crkrh gS]
vkSj ehu jkf‛k esa de jgh gSA
Ukoes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;k ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 557.65, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-72
uoes‛k dk o`"k vkSj feFkqu jkf‛k esa gksuk dSlj dh lEHkkouk vf/kd crk jgk gS]
vkSj es"k vkSj ddZ jkf‛k esa fLFkfr gksus ij de crk jgk gSA
n‛kes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;k ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 3418.74, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-73
n‛kes‛k dh es"k] o`"k vkSj flag vkSj ehu jkf‛k esa vf/kd vkSj feFkqu] ddZz jkf‛k esa
dSalj dh de lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
,dkn‛k‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 8706.51, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-74
,dkn‛k‛k dk es"k] o`"k vkSj ehu jkf‛k dSalj dh lEHkkouk vf/kd n‛kkZ jgh gSA
vkSj flag esa de crk jgh gSA
}kn‛ks‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr%&
Chi2 _Test 854.12 , Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-75
}kns‛k dh es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] flag vkSj edj jkf‛k esa dSlj dh lEHkkouk
n‛kkZrh gSA
Ikfj.kke%& Hkkos‛kks dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr ls lkeus vk;k dh yXus‛k dk es"k]
o`"k] feFkqu] ehu esa f}rh;s‛k dk /kuq] dqaHk esa r`rh;s‛k dk es"k] feFkqu] dU;k esa
prqFksZ‛k dk feFkqu] ddZZ] ehu esa] iapes‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] "k"Bs‛k dk es"k] o`"k]
feFkqu] lIres‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] o`f‛pd] v"Ves‛k dk es"k] o`"k] ehu] uoes‛k
dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] n‛kes‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] flag ehu] ,dkn‛k‛k dk
es"k] o`"k] ehu] }kn‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] edj esa izHkko ns[kkA
5-8 Hkkos‛kks dh lHkh Hkkoks esa fLFkfr
yXus‛k dh lHkh Hkkoks esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 387.17, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-76
yXus‛k dh r`rh; Hkko] iape Hkko] uoe Hkko vkSj 12osa Hkko esa fLFkfr dSalj dh
lEHkkouk T;knk ns[kus feyrh gSA
f}rh;s‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 4424.87, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-77
f}rh;s‛k dk lIre Hkko] v"Ve Hkko] uoe Hkko vkSj 12osa Hkko esa dSalj dh
lEHkkouk ns[kh x;h ij v"Ve Hkko ij T;knk ns[khA ;s gekjs ;ksxks esa Hkh
QfyHkwr gks jgk gSA
r`rh;s‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 525.32, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-78
r`rh;s‛k dk yXu iape] v"Ve esa gksus lsa dSlj dh lEHkkouk fn[kh ij uoe vkSj
n‛ke Hkko esa vf/kd lEHkkouk lekus vk;hA
prqFksZ‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 360.20, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-79
prqFkZ Hkko ds Lokeh dk r`rh; Hkko] uoe Hkko] n‛ke Hkko] ,dkn‛k Hkko vkSj 12
osa Hkko esaa gksus ls dSlj dh lEHkkouk T;knk ns[kus esa vk;hA
Ikapes‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1147.84, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-80
iape Hkko dk Lokeh v"Ve] uoe vkSj n‛ke Hkko vkSj 12osa Hkko esa gksus ls dSalj
dh lEHkkouk T;knk ns[kus esa vk;h gSA
"k"Bs‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2_Test251.21,Significance<·1%
xzkQ 5-81
"k"Bs‛k dk rhljs] v"Be] uoe X;kgjosa Hkko esa lEHkkouk de ij n‛ke Hkko esa
gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
lIres‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 3870.38, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-82
lIres‛k yXu] iape] v"Ve] n‛ke esa gksuk dSalj dh fLFkfr de vkSj NBsa Hkko
esa] ,dkn‛k Hkko esa gksuk vf/kd gSA
v"Bes‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 355.51, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-83
v"Be Hkko ds Lokeh dk prqFkZ] iape] "k"B Hkko esa de vkSj n‛ke Hkko vkSj 12
Hkko eas vf/kd dSalj fd lEHkkouk gSA
Ukoes‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 2102.56, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-84
uoes‛k dk prqFkZ] "k"B] uoe vkSj 12 osa Hkko esa gksuk dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk
gSA
n‛kes‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoks esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1900.73, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-85
n‛kes‛k dk f}rh;] uoe vkSj n‛ke Hkko esa de ysfdu iape v"Ve vkSj 12osa
Hkko esa vf/kd lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
,dkn‛k‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1170.58, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-86
,dkn‛k‛k dh f}rh;] prqFkZ] v"Ve] uoe Hkko esa de vkSj lIre] n‛ke Hkko esa
dSalj dh vf/kd lEHkkouk gSA
}kn‛k‛k dk }kn‛k Hkkoks esa fLFkfr
Chi2 _Test 1757.02, Significance < ·1%
xzkQ 5-87
ckgjosa Hkko ds Lokeh dk YkXu] iape] uoe esa de "k"B] v"Be esa dSalj dh
lEHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA
Ikfj.kke%& Hkkos‛kksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr esa lkeus vk;k dh yXus‛k dh 3]5]9]
f}rh;s‛k dh 7]8]9]12 osa] r`rh;s‛k dh 1]5]9]10 osa] prqFksZ‛k dh 3]9]10]11]12 osa] iapes‛k dh 8]9]10] "k"Bs‛k dh 8]10osa] lIres‛k dh 6]11]osa] v"Ves‛k dh 10]12 osa]
uoes‛k dh 4]6]12] n‛kes‛k dh 5]8]12osa] ,dkn‛k‛k dh 2]4]7]9]10] }kn‛k‛k dh
5]6]8os Hkko mifLFkfr ns[kh x;hA
5-9 xzgksa dk Hkkoks ls laca/k
xzgksa dk izFke Hkko ls lEca/k
Chi2 _Test 15-89 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-88
‚kqdz] ‚kfu dk iFke Hkko ls gksus ij dSalj dh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
Xkzgksa dk f}rh; Hkko ls lac/k%&
Chi2 _Test 83.86 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-89
eaxy] ‚kfu dk laca/k de ij jkgq dk nwljs Hkko ls laca/k dSlj dh vf/kd
lEHkkouk crkrh gSA
xzgksa dk r`rh; Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 227.61 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-90
xzgksa dk prqFkZ Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 15.99 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-91
lw;Z] cq/k] xq: dk de jkgq vkSj pUnzek dk laca/k prqFkZ Hkko ls vf/kd crkrk
gSA
xzgksa dk iape Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 27.23 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-92
pUnzek] ‚kqdz] dsrq dk laca/k iape Hkko ls dSalj dh lEHkkouk de ek=k esa crkrk
gSA
xzgksa dk "k"B Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 25.09 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-93
lw;Z] cq/k] xq:] ‚kfu dk "k"B Hkko ls laca/k de ij jkgq ls laca/k vf/kd crkrk
gSA
Xkzgksa dk lIre Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 15.14 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-94
lIre Hkko dk cq/k ls laca/k dSaalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
Xkzgksa dk v"Be Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 38.50 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-95
lw;Z vkSj dsrq dk v"Ve Hkko ls laca/k vf/kd vkSj pUnzek ls de dSalj dh
lEHkkouk crkrk gS] A
Xkzgks dk uoe Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 23.03 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-96
eaxy cq/k dk uoe Hkko ls laca/k dSalj dh de lEHkkouk de ek=k esa crkrk
gSA
Xkzgksa dk n‛ke Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 10.12 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-97
lw;Z pUnzek] cq/k dsrq dk laca/k n‛ke Hkko ls dSalj dh lEHkkouk crkrk gSA
Xkzgksa dk ,dkn‛k Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 35.64Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-98
X;kjgosa Hkko lsa ‚kqdz dk laca/k dSalj nsrk gSA
Xkzgksa dk }kn‛k Hkko ls laca/k%&
Chi2 _Test 94.22 Significance < ·1%
xzkQ&5-99
xq: vkSj dsrq vf/kd eaxy vkSj ‚kfu de laca/k crkrs gS] dSalj dh ckjgosa Hkko ls lEcU/k gksus ijA
Ikfj.kke%& Xkzgksa ds Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr esa lkeus vk;k dh iFke Hkko ls ‚kqdz] ‚kfu]
f}rh; Hkko ls eaxy] ‚kfu] jkgq] r`rh; Hkko ls eaxy] ‚kqdz] ‚kfu] prqFkZ Hkko ls
PkUnzek] jkgq] iape Hkko ls dsrq] "k"B Hkko ls lw;Z] jkgq] xq: lIre Hkko ls cq/k]
v"Ve Hkko ls lw;Z] dsrq] pUnzek] uoe Hkko ls ‚kqdz] n‛ke ls lw;Z] pUnzek cq/k]
dsrq ,dkn‛k‛k ls ‚kqd] ckjgosa Hkko ls xq: vkSj dsrq dk lEcU/k T;knk izHkkoh
ns[kk x;k gSA
5-10 dk dkbZ&LDos;j VsLV (Chi2-Test)
fofHkUu xzgksa o Hkkos'kksa ds vU; xzgksa o Hkkoksa ij xkspj fdrus izHkkoh gksrs gSa ;g
tkuus ds fy, (Chi2-Test) fd;s x;s gSa ftudk ifj.kke fuEu izdkj ls
Xkzgksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr%
5-1 lw;Z dk }kn‛k Hkko ij fLFkfr
5-2 pUnzek dk }kn‛k Hkko ij fLFkfr
5-4 Ckq/k dk }kn‛k Hkko ij fLFkfr
5-8 jkgq dk
Rkkfydk 5-1
ua- fooj.k
5-10
5-12
cq/k dh }kn‛k
Rkkfydk 5-2
lHkh xzgksa dh u{k=ksa ij fLFkfr xzkQ
5-18
Xkzgksa dh xzgksa ls ;qfr dk izHkko%&
Rkkfydk 5-4
Xkzgksa ls xzgksa dh fLFkfr dk izHkko%&
5-47 eaxy ls ‚kqdz dh fLFkfr
5-48
5-53
‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-66 Rk`rh;s‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-67 prqFksZ‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-68 Iakpes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-69 "k"Bs‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-70 lIres‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr
5-71 v"Ves‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 214-44 12 <.1%
5-72 Ukoes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 557-65
5-73 n‛kes‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 3418-74
5-74 ,dkn‛k‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 8706-51 12 <.1%
5-75 }kn‛ks‛k dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa ij fLFkfr 854-12 12 <.1%
Rkkfydk 5-6
Hkkos’kksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr%&
5-76 yXus‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-77 f}rh;s‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-78 r`rh;s‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-79 prqFksZ‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-80 Iakpesa‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-81 "k"Bs‛
5-82 lIres‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-83 v"Ves‛k dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa ij fLFkfr
5-84 Ukoesa‛k
dk Hkkoksa ls laca/k%&
Rkkfydk 5-8
5-10 Xkkspj }kjk dSalj jksx dk lkaf[;dh; fo’ys"k.k
5-1-46 tc xkspj esa ‚kfu pUnzek ls 12osa igysa vkSj nqljs Hkko esa gks rc dSalj dh laHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
‚kfu dk xkspj pUnz jkf‛k ls v"Be vkSj prqFkZ esa gks rc dSalj dh laHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-47 ddZ jkf‛k ij jkgq dk xkspj dSalj jksx dks nsus fd lEHkkouk dks c<k nsrk gSA
5-1-48 tc NBsa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 Hkko ls xkspjLFk gks rc dSalj fd
lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
5-1-49 vkBosa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 osa Hkko ls xkspj djs rks dSalj fd
lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-50 ckgjosa Hkko ds Lokeh dk xkspj 6]8]12 Hkko lsa xkspj djs rks dSalj fd lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-51 jkgq dsrq dq.Myh esa 6]8]12 Hkko ls xkspj djs rc dSalj jksx fd lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-52 uhp ds xq: dk xkspj dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA vkSj ;fn dqaMyh esa Hkh xq: uhp dk gks A
5-1-53 uhp ds eaxy] cq/k] jkgq] ‚kfu ds xkspj Hkh izHkkoh gSA dSalj ds fy, ;fn dqaMyh esa Hkh ogh xzg uhp dk gks] rks vkSj og 6]8]12 ls Hkh tqMrh gS] rksA
5-12 n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk ds fu;eksa dk lkaf[;dh; fo‛ys"k.k
5-1-54 dqaMyh esa tc NBsa Hkko ds Lokeh dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk es jksx fd lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-55 dqaMyh esa tc vkBosa Hkko ds Lokeh fd n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkrh gS] rc jksx dh lEHkkouk c< tkrh gSA
5-1-56 tc ckgjosa Hkko fd n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkrh gS] rc Hkh dSalj jksx fd lEHkkouk gksrh gSA
5-1-57 6]8]12 Hkko esa csBsa xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk esa Hkh lEHkkouk gksrh gS] dSalj jksx dhA
5-1-58 ftl ‚kjhj ds vax esa dSalj esa ml Hkko ds xzg dh n‛kk&vUrn‛kk Hkh jksx dks bafxr djrh gSA
5-1-59 ftl Hkko ij dzwj xzgksa dk vR;f/kd izHkko gksrk gS mlds Lokeh dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk ls Hkh izHkko iMrk gSA
5-1-60 dqaMyh eas ;fn dksbZ dksbZ uhp dk xzg gS] vkSj og dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA rks ml xzg dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk Hkh dSalj jksx nsus esa l{ke gksrh gSA
vè;;u dk ifj.kke] fu"d"kZ ,oalq>ko
6-1 vè;;u dk ifj.kke
1- lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk iape] v"Ve] n‛ke] pUnzek dk prqFkZ] eaxy] uoe] ckjgoka]
cq/k dk uoe]n‛ke] "k"B] xq: dk 6] 12 oka ‚kqdz dk rhljs vkSj uosa] ‚kfu dk
6]8]12oka] jkgq dk 2]4]6 dsrq dk 8]10]12 Hkkoksa esaa izHkko ns[kk x;kA dSalj jksx
dq.Mfy;ksa esa bUgh Hkkokssa esa izHkko ns[kk x;kA
2- lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk o`"k] dqaHk] pUnzek dk es"k] /kuq] daqHk] ehu] eaxy dk es"k]
dU;k] ehu] cq/k dk o`"k] ehu] xq: dk o`"k] rqyk] jkgq dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ‚kfu
dk o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] flag] dU;k] jkg dk dU;k] edj] dqaHk jkf‛k;ksa esa dSalj dh
dq.Mfy;ksa ds izHkko ns[kk x;kA
3- yXu vk‛ys"kk] jksfg.kh] gLr] fp=k] vuqjk/kk] ewy] mRrjk"kk<k] Jo.k] mRrjk
Hkknzin u{k=ks dk izHkko ns[kk x;kA
4- lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk Hkj.kh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vk‛ys"kk] mRRkjk"kk<k] ‚krfHk"kk] pUnzek d vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] jksfg.kh] ewy] T;s"Bk] Jo.k] iwokZHkknzin] jsorh] eaxy dk
vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] gLr] Jo.k] ‚krfHk"kk] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh] cq/k dk vk‛ys"kk] Hkj.kh] ewy] mRrjkHkknzin] jsorh] xq: dk vf‛ouh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] vknzk] e?kk] mRRkjk"kk<k bu u{k=ksa] ‚kfu dk d`frdk] jksfg.kh] e`xf‛kjk] vknzk] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] e?kk] gLr] fp=k] jkgq dk vk’ys"kk] iwokZ"kk<k] mRrjk"kk<k] Jo.k]
‚krfHk"kk] izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
5- ‚kfu dk d`frdk] jksfg.kh] e`xf‛kjk] vknzk] iwuoZlq] vk‛ys"kk] e?kk] gLr] fp=k
jkgq dk vk‛ys"kk] iwokZ"kk<k] mRRkjk"kk<k] Jo.k] ‚krfHk"kkA xq: dk vf‛ouh]
d`frdk] Lokrh] vuwjk/kk] iwokZ QkYxquh] Jo.kA pUnzek& vf‛ouh] Hkj.kh] jksfg.kh]
ewy] T;s"Bk] Jo.k] iwokZHkknzin] jsorh]A bu u{k=ksa dk izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
6- xzgks dh xzgksa ls ;qfr esa lw;Z&cq/k] lw;Z&xq:] lw;Z&‛kqdz] pUnek&xq:]
PkUnzek&‛kfu]
cq/k&xq:] cq/k&jkgq] xq:&‛kqdz] xq:&jkgq] ‚kqdz&cq/k] ‚kqdz&jkgq] ‚kfu&lw;Z]
‚kfu&PkUnz ‚kfu&cq/k] ‚kfu&jkgq] ‚kfu ‛kqdz] jkgq&‛kfu] pUnzek&dsrq] dsrq&xq:]
dsrq&‛kfu dk izHkko dq.Mfy;ksa esa ns[kk x;kA
7- lw;Z ls PkUnzek ;fn nqljs] pkSFks] uosa esa gks rks] lw;Z ls eaxy rhljs] NBsa] n‛ke gks rks] lw;Z ls xq: iape] lIre] v"kVe gks rks] lw;Z ls ‚kfu iape] n‛ke] }kn‛k gks rks] lw;Z ls jkgq uoe esa gks rks] ‚kqdz ls ‚kfu lkrosa] ckjgosa gks rks] ‚kqdz ls
jkgq iape] uoe] n‛ke gks rks] eaxy ls cq/k NBsa] X;kjosa gks rks] eaxy ls ‚kqdz
ckjgosa gks rks] eaxy ls ‚kfu nqljs] rhljs] gks rks] eaxy ls jkgq 6]8]12 gks rks]
cq/k ls xq: iape] lIre] uoe gks rks] cq/k ls ‚kqdz pkSFks gks rks] cq/k ls jkgq nqljs
vkSj uoe gks rks] ‚kfu ls jkgq nwljs] uosa X;kjgosa gks rks] PkUnzek ls ‚kfu pkSFks] uosa] pUnzek ls jkgq lkrosa uosa X;kjgosa] xq: ls ‚kqdz 6]8] osa xq: ls ‚kfu
5]6]7]12 osa gks rks] xq: ls jkgq] iape gks rks dSalj dh dq.Mfy;ksa esa izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
8- Hkkos‛kk dh }kn‛k jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr ls lkeus vk;k dh yXus‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ehu esa f}rh;s‛k dk /kuq] dqaHk esa r`rh;s‛k dk es"k] feFkqu] dU;k esa prqFksZ‛k dk feFkqu] ddZZ] ehu esa] iapes‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] "k"Bs‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu]
lIres‛k dk es"k o`"k] feFkqu] o`f’pd] v"Ves‛k dk es"k] o`"k] ehu] uoes‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ] n‛kes‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] flag ehu] ,dkn‛k‛k dk es"k] o`"k]
ehu] }kn‛k dk es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] edj esa izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
9- Hkkos‛kksa dh }kn‛k Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr esa lkeus vk;k dh yXus‛k dh 3]5]9] f}rh;s‛k
dh 7]8]9]12 osa] r`rh;s‛k dh 1]5]9]10 osa] prqFksZ‛k dh 3]9]10]11]12 osa] iapes‛k dh
8]9]10] "k"Bs‛k dh 8]10osa] lIres‛k dh 6]11]osa] v"Ves‛k dh 10]12 osa] uoes‛k dh
4]6]12] n‛kes‛k dh 5]8]12osa] ,dkn‛k‛k dh 2]4]7]9]10] }kn‛k‛k dh 5]6]8os Hkko
mifLFkfr ns[kh x;hA
10-Xkzgksa ds Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr esa lkeus vk;k dh iFke Hkko ls ‚kqdz] ‚kfu] f}rh; Hkko ls eaxy] ‚kfu] jkgq] r`rh; Hkko ls eaxy] ‚kqdz] ‚kfu] prqFkZ Hkko ls PkUnzek] jkgq]
iape Hkko ls dsrq] "k"B Hkko ls lw;Z] jkgq] xq: lIre Hkko ls cq/k] v"Ve Hkko ls
lw;Z] dsrq] pUnzek] uoe Hkko ls ‚kqdz] n‛ke ls lw;Z] pUnzek cq/k] dsrq ,dkn‛k‛k ls ‚kqdz] ckjgosa Hkko ls xq: vkSj dsrq dk lEcU/k T;knk izHkkoh ns[kk x;k gSA
11-lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk izHkko f}rh;] iape] prqFkZ] "k"B] v"Ve] uoe] n‛ke] }kn‛k] vkfn Hkkoksa ij fo‛ks"k ns[kk x;k dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esaA
12-lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk 6]8]10]12 esa T;knk ns[kk x;k vkSj oks dSalj jksx esa izHkkoh jgsA
13- jkf‛k;ksa esa o`"k] daqHk] es"k] /kuq] ehu] dU;k] rqyk] ddZ] flag] edj dk IkzHkko lw;Z vkfn xzgksa ij T;knk ns[kk x;kA
14-xzgksa dk es"k] o`"k] /kuq] ehu] dU;k] ddZ] jkf‛k;ksa ij dSalj jksx dh dq.Mfy;ksa esa izHkko ns[kk x;k daqHk] rqyk] flag esa de ns[kk x;kA
15-dSalj dq.Mfy;ksa esa lcls T;knk x.Mewy u{k=ks dk izHkko ds dkj.k dSalj ns[kk x;k gSA
16-x.Mewy u{k=ksa ds vykok Hkj.kh] d`frdk] jksfg.kh] Jj.k] ‚krfHk"kk dk IkzHkko Hkh
dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esa vf/kd ns[kk x;k gSA tks fd pUnzek] jkgq ds u{k= gSA
17-xzgksa dh ;qfr esa cq/k&jkgq] xq:&jkgq] ‚kfu&lw;Z] ‚kfu&pUnz] ‚kfu&jkgq] dsrq&xq:]
dsrq&pUnzek] dsrq&‛kfu dk ;ksx dSalj nsus es izHkkoh jgk A
18-lw;Z vkfn xzgksa ls xzgks dh nwjh esa ‚kfu] eaxy] jkgq ls 6]8]12 LFkku ij ihfMr
xzgksa dk gksuk dSalj jksx esa izHkkoh fn[kkA
19- ‚kqdz ls lkrosa Hkko esa jkgq] ‚kfu] eaxy dk gksuk Hkh dSalj jksx ds fy, izHkkoh
ns[kk x;kA
20-Hkkos‛kksa dh es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ehu jkf‛k;ksa esa fLFkfr dsSlj jksx dh dqaMfy;ksa esa
vf/kd izHkko‛kkyh ns[kh xbZ tcfd /kuq] dqaHk] dU;k] jkf‛k esa vkaf‛kd :Ik ls
n`f"Vxkspj gqbZA
21-Hkkoksa esa xzgksa dh fLFkfr esa lkeus vk;k dh prqFkZ Hkko ij pUnzek jkgq dk izHkko
ns[kk x;k dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esaA
22-Hkkoksa esa xzgksa dh fLFkfr esa izFke Hkko esa ‚kqdz] ‚kfu f}rh; Hkko esa eaxy] ‚kfu] jkgq r`rh; Hkko esa] eaxy] ‚kqdz] ‚kfu] prqFkZ Hkko esa] dsrq "k"B Hkko esa] lw;Z] jkgq]
xq:] v"V esa lw;Z dsrq] pUnzek] uoe Hkko esa] ‚kqdz n‛ke esa lw;Z] pUnzek] dsrq]
cq/k] ckjgosa Hkko esa xq:] dsrq]A
6-2 fu"d"kZ (Conclusions)
tks ;ksx dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esa izHkkoh jgs oks ;ksx fcuk dSalj dqaMfy;ksa esa Hkh ik;s
x;s ij fcuk dSalj dqaMyh okys tkrdks dks n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkSj xkspj dk lkFk
ugh feykA blfy, mudks dSalj ugh gqvkA
tks n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk dSalj ds fy, izHkkoh jgh dSalj ihfMr tkrdks esA og
n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk mu tkrd dh dqaMfy;ksa esa Hkh vk;h ij mudh dqaMyh;ksa esa
dSalj ;ksx uk gksus ds dkj.k mudks 60 lky dh mez rd dSalj ugh gqvkA
dSalj jksx dh dqaMfy;ksa esa tkrdks ds tks xkspj izHkkok‛kkyh jgs (tSls&
lk<slkrh] <b;ka] jkgq dk xkspj] uhp ds xzgks dk xkspj) oks ukWu dSalj dh
dqaMfy;ksa esa Hkh vk;s ij mu yksxks ds rc dSalj ugh gqvkA D;ksafd mudh
dqaMyh easa u rks dSalj ds ;ksx ik;s u n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk ikbZ xbZA
ge gekjs ‚kks/k ds ek/;e ls ;g dg ldrs gS] fd dSalj jksx gksus ds fy, fdlh
tkrd dh dqaMyh es ;ksx] xkspj vkSj n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk rhuksa dk gh lkFk gksxk
rHkh fdlh tkrd ds dSalj dh lEHkkouk gks ldrh gS vU;Fkk ughA
6-2-1 ;ksx
fu;eksa dk fo‛ys"k.k djus ls fofgr gqvk fd ;ksx dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gksrs
gSA ij ;ksx dky fu/kkZj.k dks izHkkfor ugh djrA vr% dsoy ;ksxks }kjk dSalj
jksx ds dky fu/kkZj.k ugh fd;k tk ldrk
6-2-2 xkspj
xkspj esa lk<slkrh prqFkZ dk <b;ka] v"Ve dk <b;ka jkf‛k;ksa ij py jgk Fkk oks
dSalj dqaMfy;ksa ij vf/kd izHkkoh ik;h xbZ ftu jkf‛k;ksa ij lk<slkrh ;k <b;ka
ugh py jgk Fkk oks dSalj jksx vkSj dky fu/kkZj.k esa izHkko esa de vk;hA
6-2-3 n‛kk
6]8]12 Hkkoksa dh n‛kk vUrnZ‛kk ftl Hkko ij dzwj xzgk dk izHkko gS] mu xzgksa dh
n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk tks uhp xzg dSalj ds fy, mRrjnk;h gSA ml xzg dh
n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk vkSj jkgq] dsrq] ‚kfu dh n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kk esa dSalj jksx dk dky
fu/kkZj.k izHkkoh jgkA
6-3 lq>ko (Suggestions)
1- dSalj dh vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, lq{erk ls v/;;u ds fy, vyx&vyx
dSalj dqaMfy;ksa ij ‚kks/k fd;k tk;sA
2- iw:"k tkrd dh dqaMfy;ksa esa vkSj L=h tkrd dh dqaMfy;ksa ij vyx&vyx v/;;u fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
3- dSalj ds dky fu/kkZj.k esa foa‛kkasRrjh n‛kk ds vykok vU;k n‛kk&vUrnZ‛kkvksa ij Hkh ‚kks/k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
4- blesa vkxs Hkh ‚kks/k gksuk pkfg, mu dqaMfy;ksa ij ftu ij <b;ka] lk<slkrh vkSj
v"Ve dk <b;ka py jgk gks D;ksafd geus tc ‚kks/k fd;k rc es"k dk <b;ka] dU;k dk <b;ka vkSj o`f‛pd] /kuq jkf‛k ij lk<slkrh py jgh Fkh mlesa 90 izfr‛kr dqaMfy;ka bUgh xkspj ls ihfMr ikbZ xbZA
5- cPpksa dh dqaMfy;ksa ij Hkh bl ;ksx dk ‚kks/k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
1 M 16/08/1970 17:42 Aahale Cancer
2 M 12/12/1981 21:45 Chandigarh Cancer
3 M 05/08/1948 21:19 Ratlam Cancer
4 M 29/09/1961 23:00 Abu Cancer
5 M 02/12/1945 22:50 Udaipur Cancer
6 F 06/01/1968 12:12 Bhopal Cancer
7 F 06/06/1949 8:00 Delhi Cancer
8 F 05/11/1970 23:15 Delhi Cancer
9 F 03/01/1982 7:35 Faridabad Cancer
10 F 02/09/1943 2:35 Delhi Cancer
11 F 01/11/1973 4:45 Delhi Cancer
12 F 13/04/1981 11:25 Delhi Cancer
13 F 03/01/1963 11:21 Agra Cancer
14 F 23/01/1969 11:15 Vijayawada Cancer
15 F 03/03/1966 10:05 Delhi Cancer
16 F 09/09/1944 21:10 Nawada Cancer
17 F 20/11/1961 0:03 Agra Cancer
18 F 13/09/1952 17:00 Bali Cancer
19 M 08/02/1946 18:50 Jodhpur Cancer
20 M 20/01/1953 18:53 Tirunelvelli Cancer
21 F 19/08/1934 4:00 Agra Cancer
22 F 10/08/1978 17:00 Faridabad Cancer
23 F 28/02/1945 8:20 multan Cancer
24 F 18/11/1970 8:55 Gwalior Cancer
25 F 15/05/1972 8:33 Chitradurga Cancer
26 F 02/10/1964 16:20 Agra Cancer
27 F 09/01/1958 4:00 Udaipur Cancer
28 M 08/08/1937 1:00 Khulna Cancer
29 M 07/05/1992 3:39 Delhi Cancer
30 M 13/01/1923 5:53 Delhi Cancer
31 M 13/12/1975 7:35 Kalkata Cancer
32 F 28/10/1928 9:25 Kalkata Cancer
33 M 05/10/1964 3:30 Kalkata Cancer
34 M 13/03/1984 0:10 Chennai Cancer
35 F 09/09/1974 9:10 Udaipur Cancer
36 F 12/05/1930 23:15 Mumbai Cancer
37 M 03/04/1926 7:30 Pune Cancer
38 F 24/07/1962 6:00 Jaipur Cancer
39 M 24/11/1904 20:00 Mumbai Cancer
40 F 09/10/1951 21:05 Jodhpur Cancer
41 F 10/09/2000 2:35 Beawarar Cancer
42 M 18/11/1959 9:32 Nathdwara Cancer
43 M 04/06/1988 4:00 Churu Cancer
44 M 26/04/1978 1:00 Udaipur Cancer
45 F 04/02/1970 18:17 Jaipur Cancer
46 F 02/05/1966 22:53 Kharagpur Cancer
47 M 23/10/1953 19:30 Morena Cancer
48 F 28/09/1976 9:30 Jodhpur Cancer
49 M 18/12/1982 1:17 Udaipur Cancer
50 F 14/01/1970 2:21 Jaipur Cancer
51 M 10/10/1968 16:23 Chitorgarh Cancer
52 M 19/11/1946 9:45 Lucknow Cancer
53 F 30/12/1988 14:37 Udaipur Cancer
54 F 01/02/1968 14:00 Udaipur Cancer
55 M 22/02/1969 11:30 modinagr Cancer
56 M 25/05/1958 22:02 Udaipur Cancer
57 M 07/10/1953 4:40 Sabalgarh Cancer
58 M 29/05/1994 1:00 Barabanki Cancer
59 M 05/01/1940 15:25 Ghaziabad Cancer
60 M 07/06/1950 18:00 sankhop Cancer
61 F 29/10/1977 10:10 Siswa Bazar Cancer
62 F 05/01/1980 20:20 Meera Baght Cancer
63 M 24/02/1985 14:10 Delhi Cancer
64 M 04/11/1983 23:30 Ambala Cancer
65 M 27/04/1940 11:47 Dholpur Cancer
66 M 25/06/1931 7:04 Allahabad Cancer
67 F 02/04/1975 10:20 Meerut Cancer
68 M 05/07/1980 23:00 Mumbai Cancer
69 M 22/10/1958 19:40 Kanpur Cancer
70 M 02/12/1930 21:00 Lucknow Cancer
71 M 17/04/1964 0:34 Ranchi Cancer
72 F 16/07/1924 10:10 Almora Cancer
73 M 09/12/1925 6:13 Bareilly Cancer
74 M 28/10/1925 14:35 Aligarh Cancer
75 M 25/07/1974 21:25 Sultanpur Cancer
76 M 20/11/1950 14:10 Bahraich Cancer
77 F 10/09/1963 23:25 Kanpur Cancer
78 M 10/01/1970 18:00 Unnao Cancer
79 M 27/06/1956 5:30 Lucknow Cancer
80 M 19/07/1990 5:30 Bilaspur Cancer
81 M 23/03/1949 4:30 Pune Cancer
82 F 20/12/1961 2:17 Bulandshahr Cancer
83 F 18/10/1958 8:22 Lucknow Cancer
84 F 17/01/1935 16:35 Bareilly Cancer
85 F 01/05/1959 18:30 Milan Cancer
86 F 17/04/1927 6:00 Ballia Cancer
87 M 15/01/1997 16:00 Gorakhpur Cancer
88 M 01/10/1962 17:00 Shahjahanpur Cancer
89 M 02/12/1921 9:38 Sitapur Cancer
90 F 06/12/1939 12:07 Mathura Cancer
91 M 15/05/1956 4:30 Mahoba Cancer
92 F 08/10/1964 3:01 Udaipur Cancer
93 M 06/09/1955 5:51 Hardoii Cancer
94 F 08/04/1946 18:20 Azamgarh Cancer
95 F 22/05/1943 2:58 Coimbatore Cancer
96 F 07/12/1929 10:03 Moradabad Cancer
97 M 05/11/1962 4:20 Kanpur Cancer
98 M 10/03/1945 16:27 Jagdalpur Cancer
99 M 12/12/1977 5:00 Lucknow Cancer
100 F 27/11/1949 21:46 Sitapur Cancer
101 F 11/05/1966 5:00 Jabalpur Cancer
102 F 01/07/1948 12:30 Sitapur Cancer
103 F 06/03/1948 10:44 Hapur Cancer
104 M 27/10/1994 9:55 Bareilly Cancer
105 M 31/10/1955 15:02 Ranikhet Cancer
106 M 26/11/1951 9:15 Varanasi Cancer
107 F 20/10/1970 6:00 Karnal Cancer
108 M 28/12/1971 17:50 Gwalior Cancer
109 F 13/01/1975 10:30 Lucknow Cancer
110 M 30/06/1995 7:45 Lucknow Cancer
111 F 25/05/1954 5:00 Shahjahanpur Cancer
112 F 30/06/1970 21:10 Kanpur Cancer
113 M 02/09/1959 4:45 Faizabad Cancer
114 M 19/08/1948 13:29 Calcutta Cancer
115 M 16/12/1988 9:30 Allahabad Cancer
116 M 10/08/1960 0:55 Allahabad Cancer
117 M 10/01/1972 18:00 Unnao Cancer
118 M 02/10/1945 4:00 Sitapur Cancer
119 F 08/07/1943 11:29 Azamgarh Cancer
120 F 26/12/1959 5:00 Ajmer Cancer
121 F 03/08/1973 4:01 Karauli Cancer
122 M 22/11/1968 2:50 Ajmer devpuri Cancer
123 M 03/04/1953 13:00 Udaipur Cancer
124 M 20/07/2004 5:15 Jaipur Cancer
125 F 12/05/1975 10:00 Devlii tonk Cancer
126 F 26/11/1952 15:05 mavli Cancer
127 M 26/07/2001 6:18 Jhunjhunuh Cancer
128 M 27/01/1970 22:23 Jaipur Cancer
129 F 19/05/1984 10:28 Jaipur Cancer
130 M 05/09/1965 12:00 Jaipur Cancer
131 F 28/01/1960 1:00 Bhilai Cancer
132 M 25/12/1985 1:02 Delhi Cancer
133 M 18/02/1970 14:01 Mumbai Cancer
134 F 14/07/1960 5:57 Calcutta Cancer
135 F 15/11/1965 6:13 Mumbai Cancer
136 F 09/08/1967 9:23 Ballia Cancer
137 M 02/01/1985 8:35 Gorakhpur Cancer
138 M 29/01/1942 10:31 Baramula Cancer
139 M 30/01/1942 10:31 Baramula Cancer
140 F 15/08/1975 1:18 Udaipur Cancer
141 M 07/05/1979 1:18 Udaipur t.d gaav Cancer
142 F 05/09/1980 20:31 Pratapgarh Cancer
143 F 18/05/1971 23:34 Ujjain Cancer
144 F 21/04/1970 13:30 Mandsaur Cancer
145 F 17/11/1973 4:52 Bhilwara dudhiya Cancer
146 M 14/08/1951 19:00 Udaipur khemli Cancer
147 F 03/07/1973 13:33 Chitorgarh Cancer
148 F 10/02/1975 3:45 Udaipur jhalo ka guda Cancer
149 F 06/12/1982 7:35 Udaipur Cancer
150 F 04/11/1962 6:18 Neemuch Cancer
151 M 22/02/1980 12:18 Udaipur jhadol Cancer
152 M 23/01/1978 10:22 Gogunda Cancer
153 F 06/05/1970 8:17 godaghati Cancer
154 M 13/11/1945 20:45 Udaipur jaysamnd Cancer
155 F 27/08/1980 15:41 Udaipur Cancer
156 M 17/08/1985 21:00 Udaipur Cancer
157 F 14/11/1988 19:19 Bhilwara Cancer
158 M 25/05/1979 22:50 Udaipur dhariyawad Cancer
159 F 16/01/1977 13:30 Udaipur shakha chand Cancer
160 F 03/07/1972 4:40 Pratapgarh Cancer
161 F 12/06/1975 11:20 Udaipur dakan Cancer
162 M 13/07/1966 16:55 Udaipur begla Cancer
163 M 13/05/1976 22:20 Udaipur rishabh dev Cancer
164 F 19/09/1973 18:15 Dungarpur Cancer
165 M 25/03/2009 9:15 Banswara Cancer
166 M 13/02/1970 10:50 Neemuch pavda Cancer
167 M 12/03/1971 14:48 Dungarpur krima Cancer
168 F 12/11/1980 21:55 Neemuch nayagav Cancer
169 M 01/12/1996 3:30 mavli Cancer
170 F 15/08/2000 3:40 Udaipur dholo ki paati Cancer
171 M 20/09/2010 8:58 Udaipur Cancer
172 M 15/06/1987 19:48 Udaipur bedla Cancer
173 M 20/09/1976 9:48 Udaipur chiklwas Cancer
174 F 14/04/1978 2:15 Udaipur iswal Cancer
175 M 12/09/1979 22:00 Udaipur Cancer
176 F 26/09/1963 13:45 Udaipur Cancer
177 F 17/04/1982 9:45 Udaipur naai Cancer
178 F 12/08/1979 9:00 Dungarpur sabla Cancer
179 M 07/04/1978 23:30 jhadol Cancer
180 M 05/01/1980 9:00 Bhilwara Cancer
181 M 12/02/1978 14:40 Udaipur Cancer
182 F 24/03/1972 21:00 Chitorgarh Cancer
183 M 15/02/1980 17:45 jaysamand Cancer
184 M 16/12/1979 4:40 Udaipur Cancer
185 M 08/08/1980 3:40 Udaipur Cancer
186 F 05/06/1972 12:30 Udaipur Cancer
187 M 18/09/1969 10:32 Udaipur chiklwas Cancer
188 F 17/02/1978 14:15 Udaipur Cancer
189 M 12/09/1977 3:30 Udaipur Cancer
190 F 29/07/1982 13:00 Udaipur paldi Cancer
191 F 12/10/1981 11:30 Udaipur balicha Cancer
192 F 11/09/1967 20:19 Udaipur bhutala Cancer
193 M 13/01/1970 19:35 Udaipur Cancer
194 M 26/01/1970 16:00 Udaipur varda Cancer
195 M 09/01/1968 4:40 kelwada Cancer
196 M 29/05/1970 21:30 Udaipur dabok Cancer
197 M 02/01/1950 15:15 Ajmer Cancer
198 M 17/07/1996 18:30 Bhatewar Cancer
199 M 17/10/1949 18:30 Neemuch zavad Cancer
200 M 28/09/1959 12:51 Dungarpur Cancer
201 M 09/08/1967 18:30 Bhilwara Cancer
202 M 14/05/1972 19:50 Dholpur Cancer
203 M 28/07/1978 23:30 Jaipur Cancer
204 M 17/07/1967 9:30 Sikar Cancer
205 F 24/04/1960 4:15 Gogunda Cancer
206 M 15/09/1990 12:30 Sirsa Cancer
207 F 18/05/1979 22:45 Alwar Cancer
208 F 26/12/1976 15:00 Alwar Cancer
209 M 06/06/1990 8:45 Jaipur Cancer
210 M 11/02/1992 8:45 Jaipur Cancer
211 M 13/03/1972 22:20 Sikar Cancer
212 M 09/05/1990 8:45 Sikar Cancer
213 F 19/04/1967 14:15 Sikar Cancer
214 F 16/05/1972 18:30 Delhi Cancer
215 M 22/04/1998 4:30 Bhanpur Cancer
216 M 12/01/1982 23:30 jin Cancer
217 M 31/12/1974 15:30 Bhilwara ganga nagr Cancer
218 F 09/03/1957 14:54 Chitorgarh Cancer
219 M 12/08/1961 7:00 Jalor Cancer
220 F 16/04/1971 15:00 Salumbar River Cancer
221 F 02/12/1971 5:30 Bhilwara godas Cancer
222 F 30/07/1963 4:00 Neemuch Cancer
223 M 27/05/1969 23:22 Pratapgarh Cancer
224 F 12/12/1978 13:30 Chitorgarh Cancer
225 F 09/03/1976 8:00 Salumbar River Cancer
226 M 20/11/1963 21:30 Dungarpur Cancer
227 F 16/02/1953 22:01 Udaipur jhadol Cancer
228 F 28/10/1968 14:08 Bhilwara Cancer
229 F 10/03/1972 23:30 Udaipur Cancer
230 M 22/06/1958 13:53 Pali River Cancer
231 M 09/06/1953 20:00 Udaipur Cancer
232 M 21/02/1957 5:39 Bhilwara Cancer
233 F 18/02/1986 9:30 Neemuch Cancer
234 F 11/08/1958 21:09 Bhilwara Cancer
235 M 06/12/1951 21:42 Pali River Cancer
236 M 03/10/1951 6:35 Udaipur Cancer
237 M 16/06/1989 7:25 Udaipur sobhagpura Cancer
238 M 21/09/1977 12:45 Udaipur semari Cancer
239 M 02/04/1975 20:56 Bhilwara Cancer
240 M 15/06/1973 15:42 Udaipur sec 5 Cancer
241 M 27/12/1951 12:40 Banswara Cancer
242 M 26/02/1958 23:15 Dungarpur Cancer
243 M 10/12/1963 16:36 Pratapgarh Cancer
244 M 27/04/1978 19:57 Udaipur Cancer
245 M 08/03/1953 16:00 Kankroli Cancer
246 M 17/04/1968 18:48 mavli walbh nagr Cancer
247 M 25/11/1966 3:08 Sirohi Cancer
248 F 25/02/1992 7:00 Salumbar River Cancer
249 M 28/06/1965 13:00 Salumbar Riverb Cancer
250 M 07/03/1980 13:53 Chitorgarh Cancer
251 F 14/04/1973 16:30 Bhilwara Cancer
252 F 28/03/1963 19:33 mavli Cancer
253 M 26/10/1972 23:16 Nimach Cancer
254 F 19/12/1976 18:30 Dungarpur Cancer
255 M 29/12/1966 9:00 Udaipur Cancer
256 M 11/09/1962 19:07 Kankroli dhoinda Cancer
257 M 05/06/1976 21:12 Udaipur Cancer
258 F 28/02/1961 23:00 Udaipur Cancer
259 F 27/05/1979 14:31 Bhilwara Cancer
260 F 26/12/1975 20:40 Udaipur Cancer
261 F 02/04/1979 21:49 Udaipur Cancer
262 F 01/03/1959 23:40 Udaipur chiklwas Cancer
263 M 26/07/1960 5:19 Kelwara Cancer
264 F 15/07/1971 18:30 Nathdwara Cancer
265 F 13/01/1973 21:44 Gogunda Cancer
266 F 01/07/1949 22:55 Udaipur siyalpura Cancer
267 F 20/10/1959 7:30 Neemuch nibhada Cancer
268 M 25/03/1971 5:21 Udaipur jaysamnd Cancer
269 M 21/10/1975 13:06 Kelwara Cancer
270 M 04/02/1959 7:13 Bhilwara Cancer
271 M 15/11/1959 12:22 Bhilwara Cancer
272 M 06/07/1972 12:58 Bhilwara Cancer
273 M 13/07/1976 18:21 Udaipur Cancer
274 F 01/03/1972 23:19 jhadol Cancer
275 F 29/06/1972 8:37 Udaipur mavli Cancer
276 F 17/05/1960 16:42 Neemuch nimbada Cancer
277 M 21/06/1958 22:21 Chitorgarh Cancer
278 M 18/05/1971 5:03 Bhilwara Cancer
279 M 04/11/1974 22:22 Ajmer bhim Cancer
280 F 05/06/1975 11:05 Udaipur uda Cancer
281 F 21/02/1972 13:06 Gogunda Cancer
282 F 27/02/1959 20:06 Bhilwara Cancer
283 M 01/03/1976 12:35 Udaipur unwas Cancer
284 M 04/04/1978 7:14 Kankroli Cancer
285 M 02/07/1971 4:42 Bhilwara Cancer
286 F 22/06/1965 6:41 Udaipur Cancer
287 M 10/01/1970 13:45 Bhilwara Cancer
288 M 26/12/1976 7:55 Kankroli rajsamnd Cancer
289 F 26/06/1982 6:24 Salumbar River Cancer
290 F 01/08/1972 13:51 Banswara Cancer
291 F 14/07/1978 5:00 Udaipur dariba Cancer
292 M 13/11/1969 15:12 Sirohi Cancer
293 M 27/03/1976 0:12 Udaipur manglwada Cancer
294 M 07/06/1979 16:12 Udaipur jhalor Cancer
295 M 22/08/1970 14:46 Udaipur debari Cancer
296 M 05/04/1959 8:34 Udaipur khemli Cancer
297 M 02/06/1974 14:10 Desuri Cancer
298 F 29/06/1955 22:08 Banswara Cancer
299 M 15/07/1957 5:17 Kelwara Cancer
300 M 07/07/1969 5:55 Neemuch Cancer
301 F 02/09/1973 7:55 Bhilwara Cancer
302 M 25/10/1958 21:30 Udaipur jay samnd Cancer
303 F 17/04/1959 23:06 Udaipur Cancer
304 F 12/03/1955 14:27 Banswara Cancer
305 M 10/06/1956 7:58 Udaipur Cancer
306 M 12/06/1955 2:14 Sirohi Cancer
307 M 29/07/1956 19:14 Udaipur sarada Cancer
308 F 31/01/1955 21:59 Gogunda Cancer
309 F 08/03/1976 21:47 Udaipur amrpura Cancer
310 M 16/08/1979 12:40 Udaipur jhadol Cancer
311 M 11/11/1975 13:40 Udaipur Cancer
312 F 22/11/1979 21:47 Udaipur rayra Cancer
313 M 30/10/1973 9:38 Nathdwara Cancer
314 F 04/06/1969 14:51 Kherwara Cancer
315 F 01/03/1979 6:39 Udaipur mitha neem Cancer
316 F 14/02/1977 20:25 Udaipur Cancer
317 F 17/11/1972 12:25 Udaipur Cancer
318 M 06/12/1971 14:25 Kankroli Cancer
319 M 23/05/1974 7:03 Udaipur Cancer
320 M 20/09/1966 13:27 Udaipur Cancer
321 M 23/06/1970 16:30 Udaipur bujda Cancer
322 F 23/10/1972 8:36 Udaipur bhadvi guda Cancer
323 F 08/07/1974 18:06 Udaipur sisarma Cancer
324 M 09/09/1966 13:06 Udaipur chiklwas Cancer
325 M 08/08/1959 3:14 Udaipur kesuli Cancer
326 F 05/08/1983 3:15 Udaipur lasadiya Cancer
327 F 16/07/1982 3:30 Banswara Cancer
328 F 19/09/1968 11:15 Banswara andruka Cancer
329 F 02/06/1985 12:30 Dungarpur maalva Cancer
330 F 24/06/1964 6:30 Neemuch nimbahada Cancer
331 F 17/01/1968 9:25 Udaipur jhadol Cancer
332 F 02/08/1958 6:25 Udaipur Cancer
333 F 13/03/1978 14:25 Bhindur Cancer
334 F 14/10/1960 21:27 Bhilwara Cancer
335 F 22/05/1971 23:27 Udaipur jaswantghr Cancer
336 F 14/01/1978 22:09 Kherwara Cancer
337 M 13/05/1974 13:09 Kelwara Cancer
338 M 12/09/1972 22:37 Nathdwara Cancer
339 M 06/06/1975 5:45 Gogunda Cancer
340 M 12/02/1969 23:15 Bhilwara Cancer
341 M 25/02/1990 3:00 Udaipur naai Cancer
342 M 09/08/1982 18:30 Udaipur padawli Cancer
343 F 12/06/1986 2:32 Kherwara Cancer
344 F 05/11/1959 8:21 Bhilwara Cancer
345 F 29/05/1978 23:16 Banswara Cancer
346 F 05/05/1962 22:30 Bhilwara Cancer
347 M 14/09/1959 2:30 Nathdwara nathuwas Cancer
348 M 19/03/1977 5:43 Udaipur mangalwad Cancer
349 M 08/09/1966 7:00 Kankroli Cancer
350 M 07/04/1962 2:15 Bhilwara Cancer
351 M 01/05/1967 12:51 Bhilwara Cancer
352 M 25/02/1955 5:42 Udaipur Cancer
353 M 20/05/1994 7:15 Delwara Cancer
354 F 26/05/1959 20:53 Udaipur khakha Cancer
355 F 18/05/1991 5:38 Udaipur bambora Cancer
356 F 13/04/1973 15:05 Udaipur iswal Cancer
357 M 28/06/1972 18:00 Kankroli Cancer
358 M 23/03/1969 21:50 Bhilwara Cancer
359 M 01/04/1974 8:12 Udaipur jhadol Cancer
360 M 11/09/1976 2:57 Bhilwara Cancer
361 M 01/07/1960 6:30 Banswara Cancer
362 M 02/08/1960 15:00 Pratapgarh Cancer
363 M 21/03/1955 23:24 Udaipur sadri Cancer
364 M 03/10/1976 23:27 Udaipur debari Cancer
365 F 26/05/1959 22:29 Udaipur valabh nagr Cancer
366 F 24/05/1965 12:05 Udaipur ravat bhatta Cancer
367 M 27/07/1938 13:30 Udaipur kurabar Cancer
368 M 09/10/1974 21:27 Nathdwara Cancer
369 M 07/05/1977 14:02 Banswara Cancer
370 M 06/12/1990 6:01 Pratapgarh Cancer
371 M 08/06/1962 14:05 Bhilwara Cancer
372 M 13/03/1952 5:38 Udaipur Cancer
373 F 19/07/1974 22:34 Bhilwara Cancer
374 M 11/12/1972 9:46 Udaipur dariba Cancer
375 F 12/02/1966 15:48 Udaipur sayra Cancer
376 F 19/09/1969 6:03 Udaipur kurabar Cancer
377 F 12/09/1980 13:57 Bhilwara Cancer
378 M 19/09/1977 19:57 Banswara Cancer
379 F 11/10/1968 14:00 Bhilwara Cancer
380 F 09/05/1962 7:12 Kankroli dhoinda Cancer
381 M 06/04/1974 6:16 Dungarpur Cancer
382 M 14/03/1949 17:16 Delwara Cancer
383 F 02/08/1985 23:16 Gogunda Cancer
384 M 13/03/1959 14:58 Bhilwara Cancer
385 F 11/08/1987 4:15 Udaipur Cancer
386 M 06/03/1964 20:58 Banswara Cancer
387 M 15/05/1958 8:50 Kankroli Cancer
388 M 28/07/1968 17:36 Chitorgarh Cancer
389 F 12/11/1960 22:12 Jhalod Cancer
390 F 26/04/1970 16:08 Gogunda Cancer
391 M 08/06/1974 21:15 Udaipur Cancer
392 M 12/08/1973 19:12 Chitorgarh Cancer
393 F 30/07/1948 21:00 Rajsinghnagar Cancer
394 M 01/07/1958 23:27 Pratapgarh Cancer
395 M 01/11/1958 3:17 Udaipur Cancer
396 M 28/02/1987 22:11 Bhindur Cancer
397 F 22/09/1952 14:11 Udaipur Cancer
398 F 22/09/1963 19:11 Udaipur mavli Cancer
399 F 24/02/1958 22:11 Udaipur chandera Cancer
400 M 15/05/1971 22:30 Bhilwara Cancer
401 M 28/03/1953 15:46 Udaipur Cancer
402 M 30/04/1073 3:46 Banswara Cancer
403 M 21/08/1971 8:14 Udaipur Cancer
404 M 27/07/1948 21:24 Udaipur Cancer
405 M 16/07/1978 19:23 Udaipur Cancer
406 M 17/06/1975 21:39 Gogunda Cancer
407 M 18/03/1953 10:36 Gogunda Cancer
408 F 08/05/1973 17:36 Banswara Cancer
409 M 29/08/1971 10:30 Pratapgarh Cancer
410 F 09/04/1986 5:15 Udaipur Cancer
411 M 05/10/1959 20:33 Kherwara Cancer
412 M 12/12/1939 0:50 Bhindur Cancer
413 M 19/04/1993 14:08 Udaipur Cancer
414 M 25/03/2002 7:38 Chitorgarh Cancer
415 M 20/08/1977 15:02 Udaipur Cancer
416 F 27/07/1974 1:45 Bhilwara Cancer
417 M 07/09/1981 6:55 Udaipur Cancer
418 M 11/11/1972 22:57 Bhilwara Cancer
419 M 09/08/1976 23:55 Bhilwara Cancer
420 M 09/10/1975 18:41 Gogunda Cancer
421 M 01/07/1971 2:40 Jalor Cancer
422 M 13/11/1976 21:05 Udaipur j Cancer
423 F 30/05/1962 13:24 Udaipur mavli Cancer
424 M 27/03/1968 20:56 Dungarpur Cancer
425 F 29/04/1988 8:48 Neemuch Cancer
426 M 14/08/1958 4:04 Udaipur Cancer
427 F 28/03/1958 22:32 Chitorgarh Cancer
428 F 29/05/1982 18:33 Udaipur Cancer
429 M 01/09/1979 12:15 Udaipur Cancer
430 M 12/01/1970 22:42 Neemuch Cancer
431 M 15/07/1975 9:00 Udaipur Cancer
432 M 25/04/1974 14:04 kelwa Cancer
433 M 05/03/1978 19:10 Chitorgarh Cancer
434 F 02/09/1958 12:40 Bhilwara Cancer
435 M 24/06/1962 18:57 Kankroli Cancer
436 M 22/02/1963 12:57 Udaipur Cancer
437 F 12/08/1975 13:30 Agra Cancer
438 M 05/09/1948 22:10 Kuthaund Cancer
439 M 27/02/1936 11:30 Janpur Cancer
440 M 22/05/1970 23:00 Banswara Cancer
441 M 22/05/1960 21:00 Sirohi Cancer
442 F 12/03/1974 13:36 Amrapara Cancer
443 M 17/04/1954 21:24 Gwalior Cancer
444 M 17/05/1936 8:45 kansas city Cancer
445 M 29/03/1937 0:30 Ameliar Cancer
446 M 25/09/1944 10:30 Charlotte Amalie Cancer
447 M 29/01/1950 14:19 Charlotte Amalie Cancer
448 M 07/08/1911 21:00 Charlotte Amalie Cancer
449 F 23/08/1967 21:23 Ballia Cancer
450 M 13/06/1977 15:10 Udaipur Cancer
451 M 05/08/1979 7:00 Udaipur Cancer
452 M 03/07/1968 19:00 Udaipur Cancer
453 M 13/08/1938 5:55 Gwalior Cancer
454 M 26/07/1944 3:30 Sikar Cancer
455 M 09/12/1906 10:58 Gwalior Cancer
456 M 16/05/1952 19:50 Rachenahalli Cancer
457 M 08/11/1960 6:14 Hyderabad Cancer
458 M 21/08/1941 7:44 hariyana Cancer
459 M 18/12/1975 2:22 Ghaziabad Cancer
460 M 19/11/1963 19:11 Sikar Cancer
461 M 02/09/1975 14:38 Alwar Cancer
462 M 15/08/1967 17:38 jarajpur Cancer
463 M 09/07/1934 20:48 Anjar Cancer
464 M 16/09/1945 11:45 Karaikkudi Cancer
465 M 01/04/1972 11:00 Ambala Cancer
466 F 18/10/1967 18:04 Jaipur Cancer
467 F 12/09/1973 18:00 Kota Cancer
468 M 09/08/1972 21:06 Jaipur Cancer
469 F 07/07/1982 20:12 Jaipur Cancer
470 F 06/05/1939 15:45 Delhi Cancer
471 M 09/06/2011 23:53 Delhi Cancer
472 F 10/04/1918 17:56 Delhi Cancer
473 M 18/09/1923 6:57 Delhi Cancer
474 M 27/09/1957 10:01 Delhi Cancer
475 M 18/09/1932 8:08 Delhi Cancer
476 M 26/11/1919 3:10 Delhi Cancer
477 M 08/06/2028 12:13 Delhi Cancer
478 M 17/03/1906 23:15 Delhi Cancer
479 F 11/03/1971 21:20 Delhi Cancer
480 M 02/02/1966 17:21 Delhi Cancer
481 M 28/03/1954 23:21 Delhi Cancer
482 F 01/02/1959 22:15 Delhi Cancer
483 M 27/12/1959 18:12 Delhi Cancer
484 M 25/01/1920 13:15 Allahabad Cancer
485 M 13/01/1922 5:30 Allahabad Cancer
486 M 19/12/1954 12:25 Delhi Cancer
487 M 06/11/1960 6:54 Delhi Cancer
488 F 16/08/1947 18:30 Allahabad Cancer
489 M 17/07/1917 5:26 Allahabad Cancer
490 M 10/09/2027 5:00 Delhi Cancer
491 M 23/05/1914 13:57 Delhi Cancer
492 F 29/07/1927 8:30 Hyderabad Cancer
493 M 14/05/1941 14:01 Agra Cancer
494 M 15/09/1951 4:02 Delhi Cancer
495 M 14/08/1914 6:03 Agra Cancer
496 F 16/12/2027 17:04 Hyderabad Cancer
497 M 04/12/1948 14:05 Agra Cancer
498 F 11/08/1914 13:50 Agra Cancer
499 F 02/09/1941 15:06 Allahabad Cancer
500 F 19/02/1932 14:10 Agra Cancer
501 M 16/02/2021 8:07 Hyderabad Cancer
502 M 18/07/1918 14:30 Agra Cancer
503 M 20/08/1909 23:13 Allahabad Cancer
504 M 22/06/1946 14:10 Agra Cancer
505 M 09/01/1919 12:12 Agra Cancer
506 M 19/09/1942 0:39 Delhi Cancer
507 M 29/12/1935 11:30 Agra Cancer
508 M 01/10/1919 23:45 Delhi Cancer
509 F 06/10/2021 16:10 Agra Cancer
510 M 22/05/1904 11:40 Allahabad Cancer
511 M 04/01/1922 22:50 Agra Cancer
512 F 24/10/1929 17:30 Agra Cancer
513 F 25/03/1946 7:10 Jaipur Cancer
514 M 04/09/1951 14:52 Delhi Cancer
515 F 09/01/1916 19:30 Hyderabad Cancer
516 F 12/12/1922 12:30 Delhi Cancer
517 M 11/01/1906 2:54 Agra Cancer
518 F 09/01/1938 17:35 Jaipur Cancer
519 F 15/08/1959 3:20 Jaipur Cancer
520 M 28/07/1942 23:05 Allahabad Cancer
521 F 17/07/1930 12:52 Jaipur Cancer
522 F 23/08/2028 15:01 Agra Cancer
523 M 10/05/1974 17:51 Jaipur Cancer
524 F 08/03/1916 1:06 Delhi Cancer
525 M 15/10/1915 15:06 Allahabad Cancer
526 M 02/05/1916 16:30 Jaipur Cancer
527 F 17/09/1925 17:30 Agra Cancer
528 M 17/06/1964 4:45 Jaipur Cancer
529 M 16/10/1918 5:09 Agra Cancer
530 F 06/06/1910 19:10 Jaipur Cancer
531 F 16/01/1981 7:30 Jaipur Cancer
532 M 16/05/1922 19:50 London Cancer
533 M 12/12/1922 0:30 London Cancer
534 F 14/06/1939 0:05 Alwar Cancer
535 M 17/12/1950 5:00 Bangalore Cancer
536 M 08/02/1970 8:50 Indore Cancer
537 F 11/08/1979 10:35 Tippecanoe Cancer
538 F 05/07/1955 10:23 Delhi Cancer
539 F 28/04/1955 12:38 Meerut Cancer
540 M 13/12/1956 23:19 Delhi Non Cancer
541 M 07/08/1951 4:35 Delhi Non Cancer
542 M 01/10/1957 0:00 Agra Non Cancer
543 M 04/07/1952 5:23 Udaipur Non Cancer
544 M 08/10/1958 2:10 Karnal Non Cancer
545 F 05/05/1958 5:45 Delhi Non Cancer
546 M 30/03/1970 7:45 Simla Non Cancer
547 M 03/08/1971 18:54 Alwar Non Cancer
548 M 28/06/1954 5:00 Gyanpur Non Cancer
549 F 02/11/1966 19:00 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
550 M 10/02/1960 19:50 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
551 M 16/08/1958 12:00 Gwalior Non Cancer
552 M 02/08/1960 20:45 Gwalior Non Cancer
553 F 28/12/1961 3:27 Bijapur Non Cancer
554 M 19/07/1959 21:33 Gwalior Non Cancer
555 M 23/09/1969 4:35 Udaipur Non Cancer
556 F 27/01/1948 4:14 Akola Non Cancer
557 M 16/02/1958 15:20 Gwalior Non Cancer
558 M 08/01/1968 16:20 Gwalior Non Cancer
559 M 28/05/1955 5:10 Sikar Non Cancer
560 M 20/11/1942 21:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
561 M 13/06/1964 21:07 Gwalior Non Cancer
562 M 18/03/1942 22:00 Govardhan Non Cancer
563 M 13/02/1988 2:54 Shivpuri Non Cancer
564 F 13/07/1958 2:54 Shivpuri Non Cancer
565 M 16/07/1963 6:34 Paatan Non Cancer
566 M 19/10/1949 20:05 Chitorgarh Non Cancer
567 M 10/09/1969 16:20 Gwalior Non Cancer
568 M 24/07/1964 23:10 Kishangarh Non Cancer
569 M 28/09/1954 5:06 Udaipur Non Cancer
570 M 11/06/1966 9:45 Modasa Non Cancer
571 M 10/12/1948 8:15 Jodhpur Non Cancer
572 M 07/01/1965 19:17 Udaipur Non Cancer
573 M 24/07/1969 4:50 Ujjain Non Cancer
574 M 20/08/1959 10:20 Bhilwara Non Cancer
575 M 19/09/1950 16:33 Udaipur Non Cancer
576 M 27/12/1963 8:03 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
577 M 11/12/1966 8:20 Jora Non Cancer
578 M 04/08/1969 11:30 Govardhan Non Cancer
579 F 11/11/1969 11:00 Kanpur Non Cancer
580 M 13/11/1953 19:15 Ajmer Non Cancer
581 M 19/05/1965 17:25 Anjar Non Cancer
582 M 27/01/1968 16:05 Bharatpur Non Cancer
583 M 07/09/1963 11:00 Gwalior Non Cancer
584 M 07/06/1964 7:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
585 M 10/06/1939 17:03 Kapasan Non Cancer
586 M 20/07/1969 12:15 Udaipur Non Cancer
587 M 14/03/1965 6:15 Mumbai Non Cancer
588 M 03/12/1955 22:10 Ratangarh Non Cancer
589 M 03/09/1969 2:46 Jodhpur Non Cancer
590 M 11/10/1942 16:00 Allahabad Non Cancer
591 M 15/10/1931 1:15 Rameswaram Non Cancer
592 F 13/02/1967 18:24 Jodhpur Non Cancer
593 F 25/12/1965 2:30 Khetri Non Cancer
594 F 04/03/1964 23:25 Chirawa Non Cancer
595 M 03/05/1951 9:30 Jodhpur Non Cancer
596 M 15/11/1953 3:40 Chennai Non Cancer
597 M 06/02/1957 5:38 Udaipur Non Cancer
598 M 01/04/1966 1:37 Udaipur Non Cancer
599 M 04/01/1956 11:51 Udaipur Non Cancer
600 M 28/10/1952 1:34 Jodhpur Non Cancer
601 M 23/10/1965 19:43 Udaipur Non Cancer
602 F 27/04/1969 20:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
603 M 21/05/1966 8:30 Degana Non Cancer
604 F 08/04/1968 19:46 Guna Non Cancer
605 M 13/04/1969 21:15 Talaja Non Cancer
606 M 21/12/1963 21:00 Mumbai Non Cancer
607 M 11/03/1965 4:38 Gwalior Non Cancer
608 M 12/03/1968 11:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
609 M 13/06/1965 5:39 Kota Non Cancer
610 M 07/06/1968 17:28 Gwalior Non Cancer
611 M 07/09/1965 11:28 Jodhpur Non Cancer
612 M 02/02/1968 18:37 Udaipur Non Cancer
613 M 28/11/1963 3:20 Beawar Non Cancer
614 M 18/07/1958 20:53 Udaipur Non Cancer
615 M 05/11/1969 21:00 Khetri Non Cancer
616 F 23/10/1962 10:45 Jaipur Non Cancer
617 M 19/07/1968 9:00 Degana Non Cancer
618 M 26/08/1966 4:30 Churu Non Cancer
619 M 09/04/1963 6:10 Udaipur Non Cancer
620 M 27/10/1959 7:30 Degana Non Cancer
621 M 19/07/1966 6:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
622 M 02/07/1963 21:00 Mathura Non Cancer
623 M 15/11/1957 8:30 Degana Non Cancer
624 M 07/02/1966 6:30 Kanpur Non Cancer
625 F 28/09/1965 21:30 Kanpur Non Cancer
626 F 20/10/1965 14:40 Aligarh Non Cancer
627 M 26/06/1969 9:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
628 M 03/07/1967 11:09 Ajmer Non Cancer
629 M 21/03/1964 7:30 Degana Non Cancer
630 M 25/06/1964 22:00 Solapur Non Cancer
631 M 21/07/1959 23:00 Nathdwara Non Cancer
632 M 09/09/1962 13:39 Udaipur Non Cancer
633 M 12/09/1951 4:10 Behror Non Cancer
634 M 22/11/1960 20:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
635 M 07/10/1950 9:38 Kota Non Cancer
636 F 11/12/1975 4:22 Dehradun Non Cancer
637 M 08/02/1972 18:35 Udaipur Non Cancer
638 F 25/08/1978 3:15 Udaipur Non Cancer
639 M 26/11/1976 5:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
640 M 04/05/1976 8:00 Indore Non Cancer
641 M 09/11/1979 12:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
642 M 29/11/1974 23:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
643 M 02/10/1978 8:25 Shivpuri Non Cancer
644 M 12/02/1972 22:00 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
645 M 23/06/1975 21:50 Kankroli rajsamnd Non Cancer
646 M 09/06/1978 17:25 Shivpuri Non Cancer
647 M 22/04/1978 14:33 Bhilwara Non Cancer
648 M 15/03/1979 10:10 Gwalior Non Cancer
649 F 02/08/1975 6:38 Gwalior Non Cancer
650 M 06/06/1972 6:00 Bilaspur Non Cancer
651 M 20/10/1975 8:15 Gangapur Non Cancer
652 F 05/01/1975 10:20 Gwalior Non Cancer
653 M 30/12/1976 20:50 Hissar Non Cancer
654 M 14/06/1974 3:10 Borsad Non Cancer
655 M 06/09/1977 20:05 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
656 M 17/01/1976 1:45 Ratlam Non Cancer
657 M 19/10/1975 6:10 Udaipur Non Cancer
658 M 12/11/1974 19:50 Jodhpur Non Cancer
659 M 10/04/1972 16:10 Dhar Non Cancer
660 M 22/11/1973 0:45 Muzaffarnagar Non Cancer
661 M 03/03/1977 0:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
662 M 01/11/1977 9:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
663 M 15/10/1976 2:45 Udaipur Non Cancer
664 F 02/10/1972 19:55 Neemuch Non Cancer
665 M 07/08/1970 0:45 Delhi Non Cancer
666 M 12/02/1972 2:20 Udaipur Non Cancer
667 M 18/01/1976 8:04 Gwalior Non Cancer
668 M 15/03/1976 1:45 Gangapur Non Cancer
669 M 01/02/1975 22:15 Nasik Non Cancer
670 M 13/10/1973 4:21 Udaipur Non Cancer
671 M 03/12/1977 22:50 Udaipur Non Cancer
672 M 30/11/1976 5:17 Gwalior Non Cancer
673 M 26/07/1979 11:15 Udaipur Non Cancer
674 M 11/01/1974 23:00 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
675 M 03/08/1971 6:35 Behror Non Cancer
676 M 27/04/1975 22:10 Dhar Non Cancer
677 F 05/01/1970 23:22 Sabalgarh Non Cancer
678 M 03/11/1973 4:45 Samastipur Non Cancer
679 F 17/09/1977 23:02 Gwalior Non Cancer
680 M 18/03/1973 20:50 Jaipur Non Cancer
681 F 22/06/1979 5:00 Jodhpur Non Cancer
682 F 24/06/1972 13:45 Abu Non Cancer
683 M 27/12/1972 6:11 Kadana Non Cancer
684 M 04/07/1972 22:15 Bhilwara Non Cancer
685 M 08/11/1975 11:00 Shivpuri Non Cancer
686 M 01/09/1973 6:00 Shivpuri Non Cancer
687 M 27/07/1972 6:00 Patna Non Cancer
688 F 28/05/1977 9:15 Gwalior Non Cancer
689 M 03/08/1974 18:30 Jabalpur Non Cancer
690 F 17/08/1971 19:35 Meerutt Non Cancer
691 F 15/12/1971 5:51 Udaipur Non Cancer
692 M 02/02/1975 6:15 Govardhan Non Cancer
693 M 11/02/1972 9:50 Jaipur Non Cancer
694 F 04/10/1973 17:45 Udaipur Non Cancer
695 M 08/08/1974 11:14 Akola Non Cancer
696 M 20/06/1975 1:31 Gwalior Non Cancer
697 M 24/01/1976 19:45 Udaipur Non Cancer
698 F 22/08/1975 1:40 Lucknow Non Cancer
699 M 26/04/1977 5:55 Seoni Non Cancer
700 M 12/09/1974 8:14 Udaipur Non Cancer
701 F 08/10/1973 16:30 Etah Non Cancer
702 M 02/11/1975 6:52 Udaipur Non Cancer
703 M 17/07/1979 11:30 Jabalpura Non Cancer
704 F 22/08/1976 2:45 Vidisha Non Cancer
705 M 20/10/1972 5:55 Jaipur Non Cancer
706 M 24/11/1979 3:12 Mumbai Non Cancer
707 M 14/05/1979 23:55 Saharanpur Non Cancer
708 M 02/11/1978 0:20 Gwalior Non Cancer
709 M 28/01/1972 14:10 Calcutta Non Cancer
710 M 29/10/1978 9:29 Bombay Non Cancer
711 M 27/09/1979 18:55 vallbhnagar Non Cancer
712 M 20/10/1978 9:36 Udaipur Non Cancer
713 M 17/12/1978 16:20 Faizabad Non Cancer
714 M 20/12/1977 4:50 Udaipur Non Cancer
715 F 13/12/1976 4:00 Jodhpur Non Cancer
716 F 03/08/1977 21:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
717 F 21/06/1975 14:42 Nagpur Non Cancer
718 M 08/09/1974 18:32 Udaipur Non Cancer
719 F 08/10/1970 21:45 Kuchaman Non Cancer
720 F 01/03/1977 15:49 Bhagalpur Non Cancer
721 M 18/10/1972 22:35 Calcutta Non Cancer
722 M 20/03/1974 2:02 Coimbatore Non Cancer
723 M 31/12/1970 19:00 Jaipur Non Cancer
724 F 07/06/1976 20:45 Udaipur Non Cancer
725 M 20/09/1975 10:00 Ajmer Non Cancer
726 M 07/03/1977 4:00 Nandurbar Non Cancer
727 F 23/11/1978 12:00 Indore Non Cancer
728 F 22/01/1978 7:32 Bikaner Non Cancer
729 M 25/08/1971 23:52 Neemuch Non Cancer
730 M 01/01/1973 6:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
731 M 07/09/1978 9:42 Jodhpur Non Cancer
732 F 23/02/1972 18:00 Jodhpur Non Cancer
733 M 26/03/1978 7:25 Nathdwara Non Cancer
734 F 26/04/1974 14:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
735 M 06/07/1975 10:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
736 M 26/10/1973 16:45 Mahuva Non Cancer
737 F 19/06/1975 4:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
738 F 13/08/1978 19:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
739 F 20/08/1974 4:10 Udaipur Non Cancer
740 M 21/08/1974 5:20 Ajmer Non Cancer
741 M 13/12/1972 6:55 Jaipur Non Cancer
742 F 02/12/1972 5:18 Udaipur Non Cancer
743 M 06/06/1970 7:58 Udaipur Non Cancer
744 M 19/11/1975 17:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
745 M 08/03/1970 23:15 Ganganagar Non Cancer
746 M 30/12/1976 12:05 Gwalior Non Cancer
747 M 23/10/1978 5:30 Gangapur Non Cancer
748 M 24/11/1959 9:30 Jorhat Non Cancer
749 M 27/11/1956 19:46 Amritsar Non Cancer
750 M 23/10/1949 19:55 Darbhanga Non Cancer
751 M 10/11/1967 5:30 Indore Non Cancer
752 M 30/07/1968 12:20 Moga Non Cancer
753 M 14/11/1945 6:00 Jeeram Kangri Mt Non Cancer
754 M 19/06/1963 9:50 Chandigarh Non Cancer
755 M 18/01/1979 19:10 Calcutta Non Cancer
756 M 08/05/1952 15:16 Agra Non Cancer
757 F 28/01/1970 1:45 Churu Non Cancer
758 F 22/04/1965 7:03 Delhi Non Cancer
759 F 05/10/1972 1:10 Jaipur Non Cancer
760 M 19/11/1967 14:00 Gaya Non Cancer
761 M 15/12/1957 13:52 Motihari Non Cancer
762 M 26/10/1974 12:10 Bhilwara Non Cancer
763 M 08/09/1954 3:30 Ludhiana Non Cancer
764 M 17/07/1963 9:55 Mhow Non Cancer
765 M 05/12/1970 8:30 Amritsar Non Cancer
766 M 08/04/1957 22:35 Jaipur Non Cancer
767 M 23/01/1955 7:12 Bangalore Non Cancer
768 M 28/01/1969 15:12 Bikaner Non Cancer
769 M 20/03/1946 8:00 Tonk Non Cancer
770 M 25/07/1947 14:00 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
771 M 01/03/1961 2:42 Kurukshetra Non Cancer
772 M 15/09/1949 18:30 Delhi Non Cancer
773 M 26/11/1967 23:00 Dungarpur Non Cancer
774 F 28/05/1969 3:30 Moradabad Non Cancer
775 M 02/05/1952 11:33 Pithapuram Non Cancer
776 F 28/01/1974 13:00 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
777 M 24/08/1948 7:38 Calcutta Non Cancer
778 M 19/10/1942 7:00 Dehri Non Cancer
779 M 29/09/1949 10:20 Phagwara Non Cancer
780 M 16/12/1950 19:05 Calcutta Non Cancer
781 M 21/10/1960 6:32 Kanpur Non Cancer
782 M 29/07/1964 7:30 Pithoragarh Non Cancer
783 M 11/01/1962 16:15 Udaipur Non Cancer
784 M 21/11/1939 9:20 gandinagar Non Cancer
785 M 19/10/1951 12:00 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
786 M 11/03/1956 17:25 Fatehpur Non Cancer
787 M 05/02/1974 16:21 ttosur Non Cancer
788 M 23/04/1937 16:31 Bareilly Non Cancer
789 M 22/10/1972 4:01 Guntur Non Cancer
790 M 03/06/1971 15:36 Bikaner Non Cancer
791 M 30/10/1971 5:00 Bareilly Non Cancer
792 M 20/09/1954 14:00 Sikar Non Cancer
793 M 06/02/1952 16:20 Rohtak Non Cancer
794 M 25/06/1959 6:00 Samana Non Cancer
795 M 23/02/1951 19:30 Amritsar Non Cancer
796 M 27/07/1976 16:55 Rajpur Non Cancer
797 M 21/07/1963 4:00 Delhi Non Cancer
798 M 26/09/1957 20:05 Sunam Non Cancer
799 M 24/09/1966 6:30 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
800 F 30/12/1949 20:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
801 F 19/09/1965 9:00 Narwana Non Cancer
802 F 01/07/1959 2:45 Hyderabad Non Cancer
803 M 30/01/1973 22:00 Rajnandgaon Non Cancer
804 M 04/06/1966 5:50 Bikaner Non Cancer
805 M 17/01/1991 23:05 Amritsar Non Cancer
806 M 16/07/1973 9:30 Gurgaon Non Cancer
807 M 22/12/1970 4:22 Alipur Non Cancer
808 F 08/10/1971 9:00 Pathankot Non Cancer
809 F 21/02/1980 15:20 Kanpur Non Cancer
810 M 22/09/1959 4:15 Ajmer Non Cancer
811 M 25/04/1939 22:27 Amritsar Non Cancer
812 M 18/02/1941 10:00 Jaipur Non Cancer
813 M 03/06/1965 10:30 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
814 M 18/02/1933 8:30 Pune Non Cancer
815 M 01/07/1961 10:11 Kanpur Non Cancer
816 M 05/01/1957 7:00 Mathura Non Cancer
817 M 02/01/1943 17:55 Bihar Sharif Non Cancer
818 M 10/10/1937 5:20 Rewari Non Cancer
819 F 17/11/1954 15:26 Phagwara Non Cancer
820 F 15/12/1936 11:55 Nahan Non Cancer
821 M 12/06/1976 7:20 Calcutta Non Cancer
822 M 14/09/1955 4:00 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
823 M 05/07/1973 5:58 Serampore Non Cancer
824 M 26/11/1954 0:30 Ujjain Non Cancer
825 M 01/02/1956 7:00 Tonk Non Cancer
826 M 18/08/1975 6:05 Barwani Non Cancer
827 F 27/12/1961 7:32 Delhi Non Cancer
828 F 12/02/1979 7:10 Bikaner Non Cancer
829 M 10/05/1940 3:48 Calcutta Non Cancer
830 M 22/11/1971 10:00 Gangon Non Cancer
831 M 02/07/1963 12:43 Delhi Non Cancer
832 M 24/01/1959 19:40 Bagalkot Non Cancer
833 M 23/03/1954 9:00 Amritsar Non Cancer
834 M 19/02/1975 10:00 Bikaner Non Cancer
835 F 10/03/1958 8:30 Rajahmundry Non Cancer
836 M 16/09/1980 15:55 Delhi Non Cancer
837 M 12/01/1972 21:28 Saharanpur Non Cancer
838 M 29/09/1945 9:30 Unnao Non Cancer
839 M 15/03/1943 9:55 Porbandar Non Cancer
840 M 06/08/1938 2:24 bhimavaram Non Cancer
841 M 28/01/1973 14:33 Kanpur Non Cancer
842 M 13/05/1962 5:05 Jammu Non Cancer
843 M 14/02/1971 11:00 Tonk Non Cancer
844 M 28/07/1982 22:40 Pithoragarh Non Cancer
845 M 18/03/1945 7:45 Munger Non Cancer
846 M 25/06/1968 14:53 Daltonganj Non Cancer
847 M 04/09/1948 20:05 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
848 M 06/03/1945 22:00 Jaipur Non Cancer
849 M 01/01/1949 19:25 Calcutta Non Cancer
850 F 24/07/1973 7:08 Gaya Non Cancer
851 F 24/08/1957 8:00 Hirakund Non Cancer
852 M 17/05/1970 5:50 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
853 M 06/01/1954 0:10 New Delhi Non Cancer
854 M 18/12/1959 8:30 Hoshiarpur Non Cancer
855 F 17/04/1979 19:30 Jaipur Non Cancer
856 F 26/07/1974 8:45 Firozabad Non Cancer
857 F 05/05/1948 6:12 Udaipur Non Cancer
858 M 12/03/1967 7:35 Bareilly Non Cancer
859 M 07/03/1960 23:20 Jodhpur Non Cancer
860 M 05/12/1960 0:36 Jaipur Non Cancer
861 M 08/09/1971 4:00 Ujjain Non Cancer
862 M 12/12/1968 2:30 Ludhiana Non Cancer
863 M 23/09/1972 23:15 Damoh Non Cancer
864 M 30/10/1972 4:06 Nagpur Non Cancer
865 M 18/03/1964 6:05 Mansor Non Cancer
866 M 10/04/1963 12:45 Mehsana Non Cancer
867 M 05/06/1956 7:52 Gwalior Non Cancer
868 M 17/03/1950 8:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
869 M 07/09/1954 22:55 Ramgarh Non Cancer
870 M 30/08/1938 17:00 Viramgam Non Cancer
871 M 13/07/1960 17:10 Panchkula Non Cancer
872 M 03/05/1940 2:33 Meerut Non Cancer
873 M 17/01/1941 16:11 Calcutta Non Cancer
874 M 25/06/1966 11:00 Bhagalpur Non Cancer
875 M 08/08/1963 22:15 Sikandra Raorow Non Cancer
876 M 03/03/1967 4:02 Panipat Non Cancer
877 M 02/11/1943 17:45 Delhi Non Cancer
878 M 05/05/1955 8:18 Delhi Non Cancer
879 M 13/12/1950 18:45 Lucknow Non Cancer
880 M 17/07/1978 5:00 Tonk Non Cancer
881 M 04/04/1970 21:35 Kanpur Non Cancer
882 F 14/10/1959 18:15 Dahodt Non Cancer
883 M 27/07/1964 6:00 Morena Non Cancer
884 M 29/07/1962 6:00 Unnao Non Cancer
885 M 20/11/1977 8:45 Hyderabad Non Cancer
886 F 10/09/1977 19:30 Delhi Non Cancer
887 M 18/02/1957 14:53 Nakodar Non Cancer
888 M 28/10/1949 23:30 Moga Non Cancer
889 M 21/11/1970 13:25 Calcutta Non Cancer
890 M 26/09/1952 5:55 Ludhiana Non Cancer
891 M 30/07/1971 22:30 Delhi Non Cancer
892 M 12/02/1964 4:11 Ambala Non Cancer
893 M 01/10/1958 14:35 Allahabad Non Cancer
894 M 29/07/1969 2:30 Delhi Non Cancer
895 M 31/01/1966 2:58 Begusarai Non Cancer
896 M 24/02/1951 18:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
897 M 28/09/1958 18:00 Bikaner Non Cancer
898 M 25/01/1944 9:10 Pandavapura Non Cancer
899 M 07/06/1945 19:30 Baluchistan Non Cancer
900 M 15/06/1958 14:04 Delhi Non Cancer
901 M 29/06/1950 6:50 Jaipur Non Cancer
902 M 01/11/1959 18:24 Bangalore Non Cancer
903 F 13/06/1965 6:20 Jammu Non Cancer
904 F 06/01/1955 15:15 Mahendragarh Non Cancer
905 M 09/03/1963 19:53 Jammu Non Cancer
906 M 27/02/1972 23:59 Firozpur Non Cancer
907 M 11/07/1964 21:30 Pratapgarh Non Cancer
908 M 09/07/1961 9:21 Delhi Non Cancer
909 M 22/05/1966 3:51 Bina Non Cancer
910 M 18/04/1974 3:12 Baraut Non Cancer
911 M 29/12/1950 16:36 Kanpur Non Cancer
912 M 06/06/1956 19:15 stockholm Non Cancer
913 M 05/01/1959 2:30 Chandigarh Non Cancer
914 M 09/02/1963 22:25 hydarabad Non Cancer
915 M 21/04/1973 18:00 Bombay Non Cancer
916 M 10/07/1949 20:42 Bombay Non Cancer
917 M 25/12/1924 3:00 Gwalior Non Cancer
918 M 26/09/1932 14:00 Jhelum Non Cancer
919 M 04/07/1998 0:30 Sialkot Non Cancer
920 M 04/12/1919 22:00 jhelum Non Cancer
921 M 14/11/1889 22:06 Allahabad Non Cancer
922 M 28/06/1921 11:30 Karimnagar Non Cancer
923 M 20/03/1963 19:02 Calcutta Non Cancer
924 M 28/09/1963 19:02 Calcutta Non Cancer
925 M 28/09/1929 23:02 Bombay Non Cancer
926 M 01/11/1973 12:00 Mangalore Non Cancer
927 M 24/12/1959 12:00 Chembur Non Cancer
928 M 26/09/1923 9:30 Gurdaspur Non Cancer
929 M 08/12/1935 6:00 aynala Non Cancer
930 M 11/12/1922 11:15 Peshawar Non Cancer
931 M 01/01/1974 12:00 Mumbai Non Cancer
932 M 13/11/1967 12:00 Ludhiana Non Cancer
933 M 07/01/1975 19:08 Delhi Non Cancer
934 M 26/06/1975 12:00 Bombay Non Cancer
935 M 16/05/1966 20:00 Ratnagiri Non Cancer
936 M 29/12/1942 17:45 Amritsar Non Cancer
937 M 12/12/1950 23:50 Madras Non Cancer
938 M 01/01/1954 2:30 Madras Non Cancer
939 M 02/11/1965 2:30 Delhi Non Cancer
940 M 04/04/1918 1:45 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
941 M 09/02/1922 17:02 Cannanore Non Cancer
942 M 28/12/1932 6:37 Chorwad Non Cancer
943 M 14/06/1967 8:45 Calcutta Non Cancer
944 M 01/01/1918 23:30 Delhi Non Cancer
945 M 15/02/1944 13:30 Bombay Non Cancer
946 M 01/03/1930 13:30 Calcutta Non Cancer
947 M 10/06/1938 5:10 Calcutta Non Cancer
948 M 15/08/1900 0:00 Lahore Non Cancer
949 M 28/12/1937 6:30 Bombay Non Cancer
950 M 08/08/1912 19:15 Bangalore Non Cancer
951 M 22/10/1935 1:00 Kolhapur Non Cancer
952 M 29/07/1954 10:30 Bombay Non Cancer
953 M 13/11/1936 20:30 Rohtak Non Cancer
954 M 20/11/1929 3:01 Bulandshahr Non Cancer
955 M 29/12/1934 14:00 Lahore Non Cancer
956 M 09/06/1949 14:10 Amritsar Non Cancer
957 M 07/09/1921 2:30 Udipi Non Cancer
958 M 01/12/1954 11:00 Bombay Non Cancer
959 M 16/01/1920 0:45 Navsari Non Cancer
960 M 05/11/1930 22:00 Satna Non Cancer
961 M 30/10/1949 23:45 Alwar Non Cancer
962 M 26/07/1920 4:20 Rewa Non Cancer
963 M 05/01/1934 10:30 Delhi Non Cancer
964 M 19/08/1918 6:01 Bhopal Non Cancer
965 M 16/09/1939 4:30 Madras Non Cancer
966 M 24/02/1948 15:00 Mysore Non Cancer
967 M 12/04/1932 7:30 Abohar Non Cancer
968 M 12/03/1945 0:00 Gwalior Non Cancer
969 M 02/10/1869 7:08 Porbandar Non Cancer
970 M 15/01/1956 20:34 Daulatpur Non Cancer
971 M 18/05/1933 11:00 Hassan Non Cancer
972 M 22/11/1941 13:45 Dera Ismail Khans Non Cancer
973 M 22/06/1977 3:20 Datia Non Cancer
974 M 12/04/1978 12:50 Chennai Non Cancer
975 M 07/07/1978 18:30 Aligarh Non Cancer
976 M 24/09/1947 17:00 Ghazipur Non Cancer
977 M 13/02/1964 18:24 Jaipur Non Cancer
978 F 12/05/1939 14:10 vijyapur Non Cancer
979 F 16/06/1942 13:55 Kota Non Cancer
980 F 27/10/1966 5:00 Himatnagar Non Cancer
981 M 27/04/1951 6:30 Hyderabad Non Cancer
982 M 18/10/1925 16:00 Nainital Non Cancer
983 M 13/04/1940 12:30 Bombay Non Cancer
984 M 30/01/1948 21:00 Hyderabad Non Cancer
985 M 12/01/1972 17:45 New Delhi Non Cancer
986 M 01/07/1937 8:30 Chinot Non Cancer
987 M 14/09/1923 2:30 Hyderabad Non Cancer
988 M 29/08/1926 12:15 Bangalore Non Cancer
989 M 05/07/1946 12:00 Madhubani Non Cancer
990 M 29/03/1928 20:30 Patiala Non Cancer
991 M 14/07/1920 5:30 Paithan Non Cancer
992 M 12/12/1940 5:30 Baramati Non Cancer
993 M 09/12/1945 17:20 Patna Non Cancer
994 M 25/07/1929 9:31 Calcutta Non Cancer
995 M 12/10/1919 23:00 Gwalior Non Cancer
996 M 06/06/1931 11:30 Peshawar Non Cancer
997 M 15/12/1932 8:00 Palghat Non Cancer
998 M 02/08/1927 19:15 Raipur Non Cancer
999 M 15/02/1971 2:08 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1000 M 04/04/1977 10:10 Rampura Non Cancer
1001 M 03/01/1960 2:10 Delhi Non Cancer
1002 M 22/04/1966 16:30 Indore Non Cancer
1003 M 22/05/1958 21:00 Alwar Non Cancer
1004 M 12/04/1950 4:00 New Delhi Non Cancer
1005 M 25/10/1981 21:15 Kasganj Non Cancer
1006 M 09/01/1984 8:13 Indore Non Cancer
1007 M 01/01/1971 11:02 Jaipur Non Cancer
1008 M 04/07/1991 7:42 Moradabad Non Cancer
1009 M 20/01/1966 13:54 Delhi Non Cancer
1010 M 24/03/1978 10:34 Etawa Non Cancer
1011 F 31/07/1975 19:50 Udaipur Non Cancer
1012 M 11/07/1983 19:50 Udaipur Non Cancer
1013 M 21/11/1983 4:55 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
1014 M 15/01/1994 19:00 Dahod Non Cancer
1015 F 13/01/1999 9:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
1016 M 25/08/1997 1:30 Gwalior Non Cancer
1017 F 11/04/1988 10:30 Kankroli Non Cancer
1018 F 19/06/1996 10:57 Udaipur Non Cancer
1019 M 01/08/1917 2:17 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1020 F 10/05/2002 21:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
1021 F 27/11/2001 8:27 Kankroli Non Cancer
1022 M 05/02/1995 5:00 Rawatsar Non Cancer
1023 M 02/10/2010 18:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
1024 M 27/05/2001 10:00 Rawatsar Non Cancer
1025 F 30/03/2005 10:30 Kankroli Non Cancer
1026 F 25/05/1992 15:15 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1027 F 22/12/1993 6:55 Faridabad Non Cancer
1028 F 22/07/1991 10:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
1029 M 09/12/2001 11:30 Nathdwara Non Cancer
1030 M 11/12/2000 20:09 Jaipur Non Cancer
1031 M 28/04/1998 12:50 Udaipur Non Cancer
1032 F 01/09/1998 22:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
1033 M 24/05/1994 9:21 Udaipur Non Cancer
1034 F 13/01/1986 5:25 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
1035 M 08/11/1978 5:26 Ahmedabad Non Cancer
1036 M 21/10/1991 11:35 Jaipur Non Cancer
1037 M 04/01/1993 12:24 Bhilwara Non Cancer
1038 F 16/04/1992 9:12 Jharol Non Cancer
1039 F 06/12/1978 18:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
1040 M 25/06/1982 22:10 Udaipur Non Cancer
1041 M 21/02/2003 23:40 Udaipur Non Cancer
1042 F 05/06/2000 23:20 Udaipur Non Cancer
1043 M 10/01/1995 15:10 Udaipur Non Cancer
1044 F 14/01/1995 8:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
1045 M 12/08/1993 4:45 Udaipur Non Cancer
1046 M 26/07/1992 4:55 Bhilwara Non Cancer
1047 M 12/01/1988 13:30 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1048 F 24/08/1979 14:00 Jhansi Non Cancer 1049 M 24/05/1978 0:05 Gwalior Non Cancer
1050 F 11/02/1975 10:50 Agra Non Cancer 1051 F 28/11/1971 3:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
1052 M 04/02/1982 11:00 Bhilwara Non Cancer
1053 M 05/04/1985 18:10 Bikaner Non Cancer
1054 M 07/02/1981 13:40 Udaipur Non Cancer 1055 M 08/08/1979 7:35 Udaipur Non Cancer
1056 F 04/09/1997 15:15 Nathdwara Non Cancer
1057 M 20/04/1974 16:00 Nalanda Non Cancer
1058 M 24/10/1979 8:55 Balotra Non Cancer 1059 F 09/09/1973 6:15 Jaisalmer Non Cancer
1060 F 05/09/1971 18:18 Bhavnagar Non Cancer
1061 M 12/03/1972 8:13 Bhinmal Non Cancer 1062 M 08/09/1970 9:15 Pali River Non Cancer
1063 F 03/08/1992 7:30 Nathdwara Non Cancer 1064 F 30/04/1989 21:42 Udaipur Non Cancer
1065 F 18/11/1989 16:42 Banswara Non Cancer 1066 M 14/11/1991 6:28 Bharatpur Non Cancer
1067 F 19/03/1978 13:10 Ahmadnagar Non Cancer 1068 F 05/09/1975 5:50 Mahuva Non Cancer
1069 M 14/12/1987 13:30 Nathdwara Non Cancer 1070 F 27/09/1988 13:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
1071 F 16/06/1996 15:30 Udaipur Non Cancer
1072 F 21/02/1990 10:30 Morena Non Cancer 1073 M 07/11/1990 12:30 Nathdwara Non Cancer
1074 F 07/11/1994 3:29 Udaipur Non Cancer
1075 F 12/10/1991 12:40 Nasik Non Cancer
1076 F 04/07/1990 5:20 Nathdwara Non Cancer
1077 M 08/01/1983 12:45 Morena Non Cancer
1078 M 06/07/1957 2:20 Meerut Non Cancer
1079 M 05/11/1962 19:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1080 F 03/09/1961 21:15 Delhi Non Cancer
1081 M 29/07/1964 6:00 Sonepat Non Cancer
1082 M 24/02/1951 17:30 Calcutta Non Cancer
1083 M 25/11/1958 14:15 Kanpur Non Cancer
1084 F 22/11/1961 21:15 Agra Non Cancer
1085 M 31/12/1947 23:02 Delhi Non Cancer
1086 M 05/10/1918 23:50 Aligarh Non Cancer
1087 M 10/04/1992 12:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1088 M 06/03/1944 22:30 Mathura Non Cancer
1089 M 02/08/1960 2:35 Delhi Non Cancer
1090 M 13/12/1956 23:10 Delhi Non Cancer 1091 M 05/05/1958 5:45 Delhi Non Cancer
1092 F 12/06/1931 17:30 Meerut Non Cancer
1093 M 03/09/1911 20:06 Aligarh Non Cancer
1094 M 30/01/1956 2:00 Delhi Non Cancer 1095 M 24/10/1957 21:42 Delhi Non Cancer
1096 F 14/09/1957 18:30 Delhi Non Cancer 1097 M 23/10/1953 14:10 Rewari Non Cancer
1098 M 02/10/1961 5:30 Meerut Non Cancer 1099 F 31/01/1935 4:00 Hansi Non Cancer
1100 F 01/08/1964 23:55 Roorkee Non Cancer 1101 F 23/09/1960 12:31 Deoband Non Cancer
1102 M 06/02/1962 2:30 Bali Non Cancer
1103 M 13/04/1957 12:36 Delhi Non Cancer
1104 M 29/03/1954 7:15 Delhi Non Cancer
1105 M 31/10/1956 14:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1106 M 24/07/1957 21:00 Meerut Non Cancer
1107 M 11/11/1956 20:00 Bulandshahr Non Cancer
1108 M 03/03/1934 13:30 Aligarh Non Cancer
1109 M 13/02/1934 23:30 Nabha Non Cancer
1110 F 04/11/1961 10:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1111 M 24/08/1954 13:45 Ghaziabad Non Cancer
1112 F 17/08/1939 4:40 Agra Non Cancer
1113 M 09/08/1955 12:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1114 M 16/10/1958 19:38 Agra Non Cancer
1115 M 20/08/1950 19:00 Agra Non Cancer
1116 M 13/04/1938 1:58 Delhi Non Cancer
1117 M 21/11/1965 22:25 Nakur Non Cancer
1118 M 19/11/1940 7:30 Nakur Non Cancer
1119 F 22/10/1970 4:45 Bahadurgarh Non Cancer
1120 M 20/09/1941 9:30 Aligarh Non Cancer
1121 M 01/08/1967 5:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1122 F 05/02/1951 15:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1123 F 21/10/1960 6:32 Kanpur Non Cancer
1124 F 15/05/1962 7:30 Aligarh Non Cancer
1125 F 08/12/1938 18:45 Aligarh Non Cancer
1126 M 23/08/1968 19:40 Delhi Non Cancer
1127 F 19/11/1971 1:54 Delhi Non Cancer
1128 M 23/08/1968 19:40 Delhi Non Cancer
1129 F 25/11/1961 8:15 Kanpur Non Cancer
1130 F 11/07/1964 20:30 Pratapgarh Non Cancer
1131 F 19/08/1937 19:30 Aligarh Non Cancer
1132 M 23/04/1960 13:45 Delhi Non Cancer
1133 M 22/12/1964 5:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1134 F 10/01/1960 6:00 Aligarh Non Cancer 1135 F 17/09/1965 23:25 Delhi Non Cancer
1136 M 01/12/1964 6:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1137 M 23/02/1970 2:02 Amritsar Non Cancer
1138 F 07/09/1958 17:50 Delhi Non Cancer
1139 F 14/03/1951 4:15 Saharanpur Non Cancer
1140 F 15/02/1962 20:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1141 F 21/07/1936 4:00 Aligarh Non Cancer
1142 F 18/10/1965 0:03 Roorkee Non Cancer
1143 M 07/03/1963 13:16 Lucknow Non Cancer
1144 M 03/10/1959 12:00 Omaha Non Cancer
1145 M 27/02/1967 0:00 Gwalior Non Cancer 1146 M 08/10/1960 21:45 Meerut Non Cancer
1147 M 01/03/1948 19:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1148 M 24/04/1958 15:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1149 M 21/05/1957 14:00 Delhi Non Cancer 1150 M 25/04/1946 11:15 Bareilly Non Cancer
1151 F 24/07/1951 3:30 Karnal Non Cancer
1152 M 11/12/1956 12:07 Vrindavan Non Cancer
1153 M 26/12/1945 21:40 Rewari Non Cancer
1154 M 02/08/1968 23:30 Sikandra Rao Non Cancer
1155 M 28/10/1921 4:00 Aligarh Non Cancer
1156 M 08/08/1963 22:25 Sikandra Rao Non Cancer
1157 M 16/08/1957 2:14 Aligarh Non Cancer
1158 F 28/07/1965 17:40 Sikandra Rao Non Cancer
1159 M 27/09/1952 11:02 Mathura Non Cancer
1160 M 05/05/1960 7:00 Sikandra Rao Non Cancer
1161 M 24/05/1961 10:30 Sikandra Rao Non Cancer
1162 M 01/02/1959 8:03 Bah Non Cancer
1163 M 13/10/1957 10:20 Bareilly Non Cancer
1164 M 15/02/1961 2:44 Mumbai Non Cancer
1165 F 18/12/1969 17:30 Agra Non Cancer
1166 M 15/10/1954 7:16 Kanpur Non Cancer
1167 F 17/11/1961 21:34 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1168 F 13/09/1960 23:24 Sitapur Non Cancer
1169 M 03/11/1958 20:00 Tinsukia Non Cancer
1170 M 16/11/1966 6:42 Shahjahanpur Non Cancer 1171 F 03/06/1968 1:15 Agra Non Cancer
1172 M 16/06/1970 0:12 Shahjahanpur Non Cancer
1173 F 01/07/1973 15:05 Tinsukia Non Cancer
1174 M 23/09/1965 7:59 Pune Non Cancer 1175 M 17/09/1969 2:45 Port Blair Non Cancer
1176 M 19/12/1954 19:07 Delhi Non Cancer 1177 M 16/05/1970 10:55 Mussoorie Non Cancer
1178 F 05/04/1974 16:35 Mumbai Non Cancer 1179 M 01/02/1959 8:03 Bah Non Cancer
1180 F 18/03/1963 18:40 Kanpur Non Cancer
1181 M 24/08/1949 12:53 Indore Non Cancer
1182 M 03/11/1962 22:00 Agra Non Cancer
1183 F 28/09/1949 7:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1184 M 09/06/1948 4:10 Agra Non Cancer
1185 F 13/11/1974 7:35 Jamshedpur Non Cancer
1186 F 13/11/1945 10:28 Sojat Road Non Cancer
1187 M 18/02/1931 7:22 Jodhpur Non Cancer
1188 M 20/11/1955 13:40 Allahabad Non Cancer
1189 F 04/02/1956 2:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
1190 F 03/11/1952 6:50 Allahabad Non Cancer
1191 M 02/12/1945 16:30 Pilibhit Non Cancer
1192 M 13/10/1946 21:53 Agra Non Cancer
1193 M 04/12/1979 19:11 Delhi Non Cancer
1194 M 16/09/1953 19:20 Bharatpur Non Cancer
1195 M 09/07/1960 12:00 Agra Non Cancer
1196 F 20/06/1968 4:50 Alwar Non Cancer
1197 M 03/06/1950 9:45 Mathura Non Cancer
1198 M 12/08/1967 8:20 Allahabad Non Cancer
1199 F 25/03/1949 11:30 Allahabad Non Cancer
1200 M 16/11/1951 19:00 Aligarh Non Cancer
1201 M 12/09/1955 6:00 Palwal Non Cancer
1202 M 30/01/1973 22:05 Rajnandgaon Non Cancer
1203 F 07/03/1972 13:00 Pratapgarh Non Cancer
1204 M 03/02/1958 4:00 Kosi Non Cancer
1205 M 22/11/1941 13:45 Dera Ismail Khan Non Cancer
1206 M 28/11/1959 6:15 Gwalior Non Cancer
1207 M 20/07/1959 19:00 Motihari Non Cancer
1208 M 19/09/1957 5:43 Kanpur Non Cancer
1209 M 03/04/1961 0:15 Firozabad Non Cancer
1210 F 26/04/1964 18:47 Firozabad Non Cancer
1211 M 19/09/1957 14:04 Firozabad Non Cancer
1212 M 25/04/1959 9:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
1213 M 09/02/1961 4:00 Kanpur Non Cancer
1214 M 24/01/1955 4:50 Delhi Non Cancer
1215 F 18/09/1957 7:54 Delhi Non Cancer
1216 M 09/04/1952 6:00 Jullundur Non Cancer
1217 F 02/07/1955 7:00 Gauhati Non Cancer
1218 M 31/10/1951 13:56 Saharanpur Non Cancer
1219 F 05/09/1956 12:00 Mahendragarh Non Cancer
1220 M 27/10/1962 20:31 Chandigarh Non Cancer
1221 M 19/12/1935 12:05 Saharanpur Non Cancer
1222 F 13/12/1965 5:05 Delhi Non Cancer
1223 F 04/05/1942 21:40 Dhanaura Non Cancer
1224 M 26/10/1966 11:35 Delhi Non Cancer
1225 F 10/08/1968 12:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1226 M 23/01/1958 0:30 Mathura Non Cancer
1227 F 26/06/1964 9:35 Chandigarh Non Cancer
1228 F 18/11/1962 16:30 Ambala Non Cancer
1229 M 09/05/1955 10:00 Meerut Non Cancer
1230 M 07/04/1962 8:20 Delhi Non Cancer
1231 M 26/09/1957 20:05 Sunam Non Cancer
1232 F 21/09/1958 4:00 Malerkotla Non Cancer
1233 M 28/07/1960 6:15 Delhi Non Cancer
1234 F 08/10/1962 6:05 Delhi Non Cancer
1235 M 20/06/1953 13:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1236 F 19/03/1956 6:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1237 M 30/07/1965 17:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1238 F 13/05/1970 17:00 Bulandshahr Non Cancer
1239 M 28/01/1955 13:00 Ujjain Non Cancer
1240 F 13/12/1960 0:20 Baran Non Cancer
1241 F 20/10/1959 7:00 Mumbai Non Cancer
1242 F 29/05/1967 13:10 Thana Non Cancer
1243 M 20/03/1965 21:40 Delhi Non Cancer
1244 M 02/09/1956 18:50 Delhi Non Cancer
1245 M 21/03/1954 16:00 Mumbai Non Cancer
1246 M 12/08/1958 20:48 Delhi Non Cancer
1247 F 02/01/1963 3:35 Delhi Non Cancer
1248 M 13/04/1949 18:53 Delhi Non Cancer
1249 M 05/11/1955 2:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1250 F 14/06/1961 5:45 Meerut Non Cancer
1251 M 03/08/1964 4:30 Delhi Non Cancer
1252 M 21/01/1958 7:00 Moradabad Non Cancer
1253 M 18/01/1950 10:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1254 M 16/08/1968 23:46 Hissar Non Cancer
1255 M 17/09/1950 11:46 Mehsana Non Cancer
1256 M 06/07/1957 2:20 Meerut Non Cancer
1257 F 07/01/1964 21:00 Udaipur Non Cancer
1258 M 15/09/1960 0:00 Meerut Non Cancer
1259 M 22/12/1959 6:43 Neemuch Non Cancer
1260 M 17/09/1962 5:45 Rohtak Non Cancer
1261 F 19/12/1962 12:23 Kapasan Non Cancer
1262 M 14/05/1954 13:45 Mumbai Non Cancer
1263 M 01/07/1957 17:32 Delhi Non Cancer
1264 M 15/10/1963 9:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1265 F 05/11/1969 14:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1266 F 22/08/1966 16:10 Siliguri Non Cancer
1267 M 21/08/1952 19:00 Allahabad Non Cancer
1268 M 05/09/1957 5:00 Sultanpur Non Cancer
1269 F 06/11/1961 8:50 Budaun Non Cancer
1270 M 29/09/1960 11:00 Bijnaur Non Cancer
1271 F 04/07/1963 3:55 Moradabad Non Cancer
1272 M 22/02/1956 6:30 Narnaul Non Cancer
1273 M 19/11/1949 5:46 Bhagalpur Non Cancer
1274 F 11/09/1955 19:00 Calcutta Non Cancer
1275 M 22/07/1964 13:35 Delhi Non Cancer
1276 F 29/11/1969 5:30 Muzaffarnagar Non Cancer
1277 M 26/09/1961 3:00 Rohtasgarh Non Cancer
1278 F 26/01/1967 13:26 Deoria Non Cancer
1279 M 03/10/1954 17:15 Gwalior Non Cancer
1280 M 04/04/1958 5:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1281 F 11/04/1958 13:00 Delhi Non Cancer
1282 M 13/06/1970 17:15 Kanpur Non Cancer
1283 F 12/09/1974 11:00 Amritsar Non Cancer
lanHkZ&lqph
1- izLrkouk& O;k[;kdkj dk Jh ‚kqdnso nso prqosZnh] T;ksfr"k‛kkL= jksx fopkj] i`la&v
2- deZoknT;ksfr"k& O;k[;kdkj Jh ‚kqdnso prqoZsnh T;ksfr"k‛kkL= jksx fopkj] i`la&xi]xii,xii
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18-x`gksa dks jksx dkjd cukus okys gsrq&O;k[;kdkj ‚kqdnso prqosZnh] T;ksfr"k jksx
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20-v"Ve ,ao O;; Hkko dk izfrfuf/kRo&O;k[;kdkj Jh ‚kqdnso prqosZnh] T;ksfr"k jksx fopkj] i`-la&28
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Sitaram Singh
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