A Thesis
Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma Dr. Arun Bansal Supervisor Co-Supervisor
Sushil Agarwal Research Scholar MUR1406442
DEPARTMENT OF ASTROLOGY
FACULTY OF ALTERNATIVE THERAPY
MEWAR UNIVERSITY, GANGRAR, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)
YEAR 2021
This is to certifythat I, Sushil Agarwal, have completed Ph.D. thesis work on the topic
O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½ under the supervision of Dr. Chander Kant Sharma (Supervisor) & Dr. Arun Bansal (Co-Supervisor) for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. This is an original piece of work & I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.
Date: Sushil Agarwal Place: MUR1406442
I, Sushil Agarwal, certify that the work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis is my own bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Dr. Chander Kant Sharma (Supervisor) and Dr. Arun Bansal (Co-Supervisor) at Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. The matter embodied in this Ph.D. thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree/diploma.
I declare that I have not willfully lifted up some other’s work, para, text, data, results, etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, thesis, etc., or available at web-sites.
Date: Sushil Agarwal Place: MUR1406442
This is to certify that the thesis, entitled O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½ submitted by Mr. Sushil Agarwal embodies the findings of his original research work carried out under our supervision and it fulfills all the conditions prescribed by Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan for the award of Doctor of PhilosophyDegree in Department of Astrology. To the best of our knowledge, the matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma
Dr. Arun Bansal Supervisor Co-Supervisor
Date :
Title of Thesis : O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½
Research Scholar’s Name : Sushil Agarwal
Copyright Transfer
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Mewar University all rights under copyright that may exist in and for the above thesis submitted for the award of Ph.D. degree.
Sushil Agarwal
Note: However, the author may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce material extracted verbatim from the thesis or derivative of the thesis for the author’s personal use provided that the source and the University’s copyright notice are indicated.
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma
Dr. Arun Bansal Supervisor Co-Supervisor
Sushil Agarwal Research Scholar MUR1406442
Research Scholar
MUR1406442
Scholar
Hkxor~ —ik ls eq>s ;g 'kksèk&dk;Z djus dh çsj.kk feyh vkSj Ôojh; Loh—fr ls
gh ;g 'kksèk&çcUèk iw.kZRo dks çkIr dj ldk gSA
M‚- pUæ dkUr 'kekZ th dk vkSj M‚- v#.k caly th dk 'kCnksa esa vkHkkj O;Dr djuk laHko ugÈ gSA T;ksfr"k ds {ks= esa mPp f'k[kj ij fojkteku nksuksa fo}kuksa us] viuh O;kolkf;d O;Lrrkvksa ds okotwn] eq>s gj le; mtkZnkf;uh çsj.kk ls vksr&çksr fd;k vkSj ifjppkZ ds fy, Hkjiwj le; fn;kA eSa ân; ls nksuksa fo}kuksa
dk vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A T;ksfr"k ds ç[kj fo}ku] M‚- x.ks'k f=ikBh th ds
Kkuo/kZd ekxZn'kZu ds fy, eSa mudk Hkh ân; ls vkHkkj O;ä djrk gw¡A
ekrk&firk ,oa lkl&llqj ds Lusge;h vk'khokZn] èkeZiRuh vk'kq ds lrr lg;ksx]
csVh M‚- ekulh ds mRlkgoèkZu vkSj csVs fefyUn ds Lusg ds dkj.k eS bl 'kksèk
dk;Z esa mRlkgiwoZd ço`r jg ldkA
mu lHkh egÆ"k;ksa] _f"k;ksa] fo}kuksa vkSj ys[kdksa dk Hkh ân; ls vkHkkjh gw¡ ftuds
}kjk jfpr T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa] 'kkL=ksa ,oa iqLrdksa dh miyCèkrk ds dkj.k eSa bl
T;ksfr"kh; 'kksèk dk;Z dks djus esa l{ke gks ldk gw¡A mu lHkh T;ksfr"kh fe=ksa dk
Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡] ftUgksusa vk¡dM+ks ds ladyu esa ljkguh; ;ksxnku fn;kA
var esa viuh lhfer {kerk ds dkj.k bl 'kksèk&çcUèk esa tks Hkh =qfV jg x;h gks]
mldh {kek&;kpuk djrs gq, fo}ku ijh{kd&e.My ds le{k viuk 'kksèk&çcUèk
çLrqr djrk gw¡A
lq'khy vxzoky
fo"k;ksiLFkkiu
çkphu le; esa vkthfodk ds L=ksr lhfer Fks vkSj lwpuk&çlkj.k] ;krk;kr] f'k{kk
rFkk rduhdh {ks= Hkh fodflr ugÈ FksA ftl dkj.ko'k] euq"; vius ikfjokfjd
dk;Z{ks= dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy, ckè; FkkA vkèkqfud ;qx e vkthfodk ds L=ksr
vlhfer gSa vkSj lHkh {ks=ksa dk fodkl Hkh gks x;k gSA fu"d"kZr% vk/kqfud ;qx e euq"; vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z{ks= dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy, ckè; ugÈ jg x;k gSA
cnyrh ns'k&dky dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k] vk/kqfud ;qx esa vkthfodk lEcfUèkr
ç'uksa dk lekèkku ,oa ekxZn'kZu T;ksfr"k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; cu x;k gS]
ijUrq bl lUnHkZ esa iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh deh ds dkj.k tu&lkèkkj.k dk mfpr ekxZn'kZu ugÈ gks ik jgk gSA
'kksèk mís'; % O;olk;h cuus ds T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh çkphu lkfgR; esa deh ds fujkdj.k gsrq] 'kksèk fo"k; *O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½* dk p;u
fd;k x;k gS] ftlls T;ksfr"kh; Qykns'k gsrq miyCèk lw=ksa dh fl)rk ds
lkFk&lkFk uohu lw=ksa dk fuèkkZj.k Hkh gks ldsA lw=ksa dk vkdyu oSfnd T;ksfr"k
ds 'kkL=h; T;ksfr"kh; fl)karksa ij gh vkèkkfjr gks] ,slk /;ku j[kk tk,xkA
'kksèk&çdkj % ;g 'kksèk] vuqç;qä 'kksèk (Applied Research) dh Js.kh esa vk,xk]
D;ksafd blesa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxksa dk fuèkkZj.k tk,xk] tks T;ksfr"k {ks= dh ,d vkèkqfud leL;k gSA ;g 'kks/k fo'ys"k.kkRed 'kks/k dh Js.kh esa Hkh vk,xk gS]
D;ksafd bl 'kks/k dh ifjdYiukvksa dk vkdyu dsoy fo'ys"k.kkRed laHko gSA
'kksèk {ks= % bl 'kksèk esa tkrd dks O;olk;h ekuk tk,xk pkgs og ,dy ekfyd gks] lk>snkj gks ;k fQj ikfjokfjd O;olk; esa gksA tkrd ds O;kolkf;d Lrj
ds vkèkkj ij Hkh dksà varj ugÈ fd;k tk,xkA bl 'kksèk esa oxZ&dq.Myh] pUæ dq.Myh] lw;Z dq.Myh] Hkko&pfyr] xzg cy vkSj vçdkf'kr xzg vkfn ds vkèkkj ij vkdyu ugÈ fd;k tk,xkA
vkdyu i)fr % T;ksfr"k dh vusd i)fr;k¡ çpfyr gSa ftuesa ls oSfnd T;ksfr"k]
x
tks Hkkjr esa çpfyr gS] dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,xkA oSfnd T;ksfr"kh; 'kkL=ksa esa
mfYyf[kr dq.Myh fuekZ.k i)fr] jkf'k] xzg] Hkko] Hkkos'k] u{k= vkSj ;ksx vkfn
dks gh vkdyu dk vkèkkj ekuk tk,xkA erHksn dh fLFkfr esa] egÆ"k ijk'kj }kjk çfrikfnr fl)kar dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,xkA
'kksèk&midj.k % çLrqr 'kksèk&çcUèk esa tkrdksa dh tUedq.Mfy;ksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa xf.krh; vkdyu ds fy, ¶;wpj i‚baV çkbosV fyfeVsM ds fy;ks LVkj l‚¶Vos;j
dk ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA bl l‚¶Vos;j esa ,u- lh- ykfgM+h v;uka'k dk ç;ksx
djds yXukfn Hkko Li"V ,oa xzg Li"V ds ek/;e ls x.kuk dh tkrh gSA
ifjdYiuk fu/kkZj.k % lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k ls çkIr ;ksxksa esa ls ifjdYiukvksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tk,xkA bu ;ksxksa esa eq[; ;ksxksa dk ifjdYiukvksa ds :i esa p;u fd;k tk,xkA p;fur ifjdYiukvksa dks fuEu çdkj ls Js.khc) fd;k tk,xk]
ftlls vkdyu ds ifj.kkeksa dk ljyrk ls çLrqrhdj.k fd;k tk lds%
o Hkko esa jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
o xg dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
o xzg dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
o Hkkos'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
o xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ijA
o xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
o yXu ,oa xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ijA
vk¡dM+s % vk¡adM+ks dk ladyu dsoy fo”oluh; L=ksrksa ls gh fd;k tk,xkA bl 'kksèk esa 40 o"kZ ;k mlls vf/kd vk;q ds tkrdksa ds vk¡dM+s dks gh lfEefyr fd;k tk,xk] D;ksafd vusd ckj ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd tkrd dqN o"kks± dh ukSdjh ds i'pkr~ O;olk; vkjEHk djrs gSa ;k dqN o"kks± ds O;olk; ds ckn ukSdjh esa vk
tkrs gSaA bl 'kksèk esa yxHkx 1000 dq.Mfy;k¡ ladfyr dh tk,axh] ftuesa ls 50%
O;olkf;;ksa dh vkSj 'ks"k 50% ukSdjhis'kk ls lEcfU/kr tkrdksa dh gksaxhA
çfrp;u i)fr % fo”o ds lHkh O;olkf;;ksa ds tUe fooj.k dk u rks dksà ,dy
L=ksr gksrk gS vkSj u gh ;g vuqeku yxkuk laHko gS] fd fo”o esa dqy fdrus
O;olk;h gSaA blhfy, bl 'kksèk esa vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu (Non-ProbabilitySampling)
fofèk viukà tk,xhA vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu esa Hkh mís';iw.kZ fun'kZu (Purposive
Sampling) fofèk viuk;h tk,xh] ftlesa çR;{k :i ls dsoy mUgÈ tkrdksa ds
vk¡dM+s ,df=r fd;s tk,axs] tks 'kksèk&fo"k; ds varxZr gksaxsA
vk¡adM+kssa dk fo'ys"k.k % çLrqr 'kks/k&çcU/k esa fu/kkZfjr ifjdYiukvksa dk lHkh
tUedq.Mfy;ksa ij vkdyu fd;k tk tk,xkA vkdyu foLrh.kZ j[kk tk,xk]
ftlls ifjdYiukvksa ds fl) ;k vfl) gksus ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw= fl) gksus
dh lEHkkouk Hkh cu ldsA ifjdYiukvksa dk vkdyu rqyukRed j[kk tk,xk]
vFkkZr~ lHkh ifjdYiukvksa dk vkdyu O;olkf;;ksa dh vkSj ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh
dq.Mfy;ksa ij fd;k tk,xkA rqyukRed v/;;u ds ckn gh ifjdYiukvksa dks
fl) ;k vfl) ekuk tk,xkA
'kks/k&ifj.kke dk çLrqrhdj.k % 'kks/k&çcU/k esa lHkh tUedq.Mfy;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tk,xk vkSj ifj.kke dk lkaf[;dh; çLrqrhdj.k ckj&pkVZ vkSj rkfydkvksa
}kjk fd;k tk,xkA
'kks/k fu"d"kZ % fl) vkSj vfl) ifjdYiukvksa dks fu"d"kZ ds :i esa lwphc)
fd;k tk,xkA ;fn dqN uohu lw= fl) gksaxs] rks mUgsa Hkh lwphc) djds çLrqr
fd;k tk,xkA
'kks/k dk ç;ksx % fl) lw=ksa vkSj uohu lw=ksa dks dqN uohu çk:iksa ij ij[kk tk,xkA dky&fu/kkZj.k ds fy, dqN dq.Mfy;ksa ij foa'kksÙkjh egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk ç;ksx Hkh fd;k tk,xkA blds vfrfjä] O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx fu/kkZj.k esa oxZ dq.Mfy;ksa ¼uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k½ dh Hkwfedk ij Hkh ,d ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
'kksèk fu"d"kks± ds mi;ksx ds laHkkfor {ks= % bl 'kksèk dk ykHk T;ksfrf"k;ksa }kjk vkSj
'kSf{kd laLFkkvks }kjk tu&lkèkkj.k rd igq¡psxk] ftlls lekt dk T;ksfr"k ij fo”okl vfèkd –<+ gksxkA blds vfrfjä] 'kksèk ftKklqvksa dks uohu 'kksèk djus dh çsj.kk Hkh feysxh] ftldh vkèkqfud T;ksfr"kh; lekt esa cgqr vko';drk gSA
lq'khy vxzoky
6-2-1
6-2-2 xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
6-2-3 xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
6-2-4 Hkkos'kksa
xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
6-2-7 yXu vkSj xzgks dh u{k=&fLFkfr ds
rkfydk 86 % yXu&fLFkr jkf'k ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 87 % xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 88 % xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 89 % Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 90 % xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 91 % lw;Z ls vU; xzgksa ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 147
rkfydk 92 % pUnz ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 147
rkfydk 93 % eaxy ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 148
rkfydk 94 % cq/k ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 148
rkfydk 95 % c`g- ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 148
rkfydk 96 % 'kqØ ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 149
rkfydk 97 % 'kfu ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 149
rkfydk 98 % yXu vkSj xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx 150
rkfydk 99 % O;olk;h&ifj.kke 168
rkfydk 100 % ukSdjhis'kk&ifj.kke 170
rkfydk 101 % tUedq.Myh ij egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk vkdyu 176
rkfydk 102 % egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk vkdyu dk ifj.kke 177
rkfydk 103 % uoka'k dq.Myh ij vkdyu 180
rkfydk 104 % uoka'k dq.Myh ds vkdyu dk ifj.kke 181
rkfydk 105 % n'kka'k dq.Myh ij vkdyu 182
rkfydk 106 % n'kka'k dq.Myh ds vkdyu dk ifj.kke 183
xzkQ
I = çFke Hkko
II = f}rh; Hkko
III = r`rh; Hkko
IV = prqFkZ Hkko
V = iape Hkko
VI = "k"B Hkko
VII = lIre Hkko
VIII = v"Ve Hkko
IX = uoe Hkko
X = n'ke Hkko
XI = ,dkn'k Hkko
XII = }kn'k Hkko
c`g- = c`gLifr
çFke v/;k; 'kks/k ifjp;
1-1 O;olk; ,oa O;olk;h dh ifjHkk"kk
Mªdj ds vuqlkj] ^O;olk;^ dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, loZçFke mldk mís'; le>uk gksxkA O;olk; dk mís'; lekt ls gh gksuk pkfg,] vFkkZr~ O;olk; ds
ckgj ls gksuk pkfg, D;ksafd O;kolkf;d laLFkk lekt dk gh vax gSA O;kolkf;d mís'; dh dsoy ,d gh ifjHkk"kk gS& xzkgd cukukA [1]
fxzfQu vkSj ,cVZ ds vuqlkj] O;olk; os laxBu gksrs gSa tks ykHk dekus ds fy, mRikn ;k lsok,a çnku djrs gSaA ykHk vftZr djus dh ykylk gh O;olk; dks
'kq: djus ds fy, O;olk;h dks çksRlkfgr djrh gSA O;olk;h ds fy, ykHk vtZu ,d iqjLdkj dh rjg gksrk gS tks mls vius /ku vkSj le; ds fuos'k ds cnys
çkIr gksrk gSA [2]
xqIrk ds vuqlkj] O;olk; ,d vkfFkZd xfrfof/k gS ftlds varxZr O;olk;h ykHk
dekus ds eq[; mís'; ls vius xzkgdksa ds fy, mRikn vkSj lsok,a çnku djrk
gSA [3]
'khysl] Msfol vkSj 'khysl ds vuqlkj] O;olk; ,d m|e gS tgka ekfyd ;k
çcaèkd ykHk dekus ds mís'; ls tksf[ke mBkrs gSa ftlls os vfrfjä vk;] çHkqrk
vkSj ;'k vkfn çkIr djrs gSaA [4]
dksy us yxHkx nl o"kks± rd ^O;olk;h^ dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, 'kksèk dk;Z
fd;k] ijUrq lQyrk çkIr ugÈ gqà [5]A
xkVZuj ds vuqlkj] ^O;olk;h^ dh ,d loZekU; ifjHkk"kk laHko gh ugÈ gS] ijUrq
blds nks –f"Vdks.k gSa [6] %
o xq.k –f"Vdks.k % xq.k –f"Vdks.k ds varxZr O;fä ds xq.kksa dks dsUæ fcanq ekuk
tkrk gSA tSls& fdlh okrkoj.k esa dqN O;fä O;olk; djrs gSa] tcfd
mlh okrkoj.k ;k ifjfLFkfr esa dqN O;fä O;olk; ugha djrs\ vr% tks
O;fä O;olk; djrs gSa] muesa tUetkr gh dqN vkarfjd xq.k gksrs gSa tks
O;olk; u djus okys O;fä;ksa esa ugha gksrsA vFkkZr~ O;olkf;;ksa esa tUe ls gh dqN ,sls xq.k gksrs gSa tks xSj&O;olkf;;ksa esa ugha gksrs] tSls& vf/kd
ykHk vtZu dh bPNk] fu;kstu {kerk] fu;a=.k {kerk] tksf[ke ysus dk
lkgl] egÙokdka{kk vkfnA
o O;kogkfjd –f"Vdks.k % O;kogkfjd –f"Vdks.k ds varxZr O;olk; xfBr djuk eq[; Çcnq gksrk gS vkSj O;olk;h mldk ,d fgLlk gksrk gSA bl
–f"Vdks.k dk dsUæ Çcnq gS fd O;olk;h D;k djrk gS] u fd O;olk;h dkSu
gS\ O;olk;h ds dk;Z esa xzkgd cukuk] dk;Z fu;kstu] deZpkjh lapkyu]
iwth çcaèk vkfn lekfgr gksrs gSaA
xkVZuj us vusd 'kksèkdrkZvksa ds 'kksèkksa dk fu"d"kZ çLrqr fd;k gS] ftlds vuqlkj ,d O;olk;h esa dqN fo'ks"k xq.k gksus pkfg,] tSls& tksf[ke mBkus dh fgEer]
egÙokdka{kk] fu;af=r j[kus dh bPNk] mRlkg] lfØ;rk] Lokèkhurk] usr`Ro {kerk]
fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk] –<+rk] dk;Z lEcfUèkr nqfu;k dh tkudkjh] èku ,oa ;'k dekus dh bPNk] dk;Z fu;kstu {kerk vkSj dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dk;Z djus dh {kerkA
bl 'kksèk&çcUèk esa tkrd dks O;olk;h ekuk x;k gS ;fn og fuEu 'krs± iw.kZ djrk gks %
1. O;olk; gh çkFkfed vkthfodk miktZu dk L=ksr gksA
2. ykHk vÆtr djuk gh eq[; mís'; gksA
3. O;olk; lEcfUèkr fu.kZ; ysus dk vfèkdkj gksA
4. O;kikj lapkyu ds fy, dk;ZLFky gksA
5. vusd xzkgd gksaA
,d l‚¶Vos;j laLFkk dk Lokeh] QSDVjh dk Lokeh] nqdkunkj vkSj LorU= :i ls
lsok çnku djus okyk ,tsaV vkfn lHkh O;olk;h dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij] pkVZMZ vdkmaVsaV dks Hkh O;olk;h ekuk tk,xk ;fn
o ;gh mldk eq[; vkthfodk miktZu dk lkèku gSA
o ykHk vÆtr djuk gh mldh laLFkk dk eq[; mís'; gA
o O;olk; ds lEcUèk essa fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, og LorU= gSA
o mldk viuk dk;ZLFky gSA
o mlds vusd xzkgd gSaA
,d vU; pkVZMZ vdkmaVsaV dks bl 'kksèk esa O;olk;h ugÈ ekuk tk,xk tks LorU=
:i ls ,d laLFkk dk Lokeh rks gS] ijUrq mldk viuk dksà LorU= dk;ZLFky
ugÈ gS pkgs og ,d ls vfèkd laLFkk esa dk;Zjr gksA
blh çdkj ,d lsokfuo`Ùk tkrd dks O;olk;h ugÈ ekuk tk,xk pkgs og jkstkuk
'ks;j cktkj esa fcØh&[kjhnkjh djrk gksA blh çdkj] lekt&lsok ds mís'; ls
xfBr laLFkk d drkZ dks O;olk;h ugÈ ekuk tk,xk D;ksafd lekt&lsoh laLFkk
dk eq[; mís'; ykHk vÆtr djuk ugÈ gksrkA
mijksä 'krks± ds vkèkkj ij odhyksa] dykdkjksa] lykgdkjksa vkfn dk fu.kZ; Hkh
fd;k x;k gSA
O;olk; dks ges'kk ls gh thfodk miktZu dk mR—"V lk/ku ekuk tkrk jgk gSA
rhljh 'krkCnh esa jfpr iapra= xzUFk dks uhfr&dFkkvksa esa loksZPp LFkku çkIr Fkk
ftlds fe=Hksn% rU= esa of.kZr fuEu 'yksd O;olk; ds loksZÙke lk/ku gksus dh iqf"V djrk gS%
"—rk fHk{kk·usdSfoZrjfr u`iks uksfpregks
—f"k% fDy"Vk fo|k xq#fou;o`R;kfrfo"kekA
dqlhnkíkfjnz;a ijdjxrxzfUFk'keuk
é eU;s okf.kT;kfRdefiijea oÙkufegAA" [7]
vFkkZr~ fHk{kk esa eku ugÈ gS] ukSdjh esa jktk ;ksX; èku ugÈ nsrk] [ksrh esa Dys'k gS]
f'k{kk çnku djus esa xq: }kjk lnSo e`nq O;ogkj j[kuk cgqr dfBu gksrk gS]
lkgwdkjh esa nwljksa dks èku nsus ls O;fä nfjæ gksrk tkrk gS vkSj O;olk; ls
mÙke dksà Hkh dk;Z ugÈ ekuk tkrk gSA
vk/kqfud lekt esa Hkh O;olk; dks vkthfodk vtZu ds fy, loksZÙke ekuk tkrk
gS D;ksafd blesa u rks le`f) dh dksbZ lhek gksrh gS vkSj u gh v/khurk dk dksbZ
Hkko gksrk gSA
1.3 vkthfodk vtZu ds vU; L=ksr
vkèkqfud lekt esa vkthfodk vtZu ds eq[;r;k nks gh fodYi gSa& O;olk; vkSj
ukSdjhA gkykafd vktdy ,d fefJr fodYi çksQs'kuYl ¼is'kk½ ds :i esa Hkh
çpfyr gSA
O;olk; dh ifjHkk"kk rks bl vè;k; esa nh tk pqdh gSA ukSdjh vkSj is'ks dks fuEu
:i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS %
ukSdjh % ukSdjh esa O;fä fdlh laLFkk esa dk;Z djrk g vkSj vius dk;Z ds cnys esa laLFkk ls fu;fer osru ikrk gSA laLFkk dk Lokeh dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gS& ljdkj] futh O;fä ;k O;fä;ksa dk lewgA ukSdjhis'kk O;fä ds iwjs osru dk
lh/kk lEcU/k laLFkk dh ykHk&gkfu ls ugha gksrkA ukSdjhis'kk O;fä dk viuh
laLFkk ds lkFk ,d ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr vuqca/k gksrk gS ftlesa dk;Z djus dh 'krsaZ gksrh gSa] tks laLFkk ds Lokeh }kjk fu/kkfjr dh tkrh gSaA
is'kk % bl Js.kh dh varxZr lkekU;r% fo'ks"kK vkrs gS tks Ýhykalj ;k çksQs'kuYl
¼is'ksoj½ ds :i esa viuh lsok, çnku djrs gSaA bldk vkèkkj fo'ks"kK dk Lo;a
dk dkS'ky ;k Kku gksrk gSA tSls gesa vius bykt ds fy, M‚DVj dh vkSj
dkuwuh lykg ds fy, odhy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ;s lHkh O;fä çksQs'kuYl
¼is'ksoj½ ekus tkrs gSaA ;fn is'ksoj O;fä O;olk;h gksus dh 'krs± iw.kZ djrk gS] rks mls O;olk;h ekuk x;k gS] vU;Fkk ugÈA
1-4 T;ksfr"k ,oa O;olk;h dk lEcUèk
O;olk;h dh ifjHkk"kk ds varxZr fu"dÆ"kr fd;k x;k Fkk fd tkrd esa O;olk;h cuus ds xq.k fo|eku gksus pkfg,A euq"; esa xq.k tUetkr gksrs gSa ftldk dsoy
T;ksfr"k tSlh ijk foèkk }kjk gh vkdyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
,sls cgqr mnkgj.k gSa ftuesa %
o O;fä ukSdjh esa rks cgqr lQyrk çkIr dj ysrs gSa] ijUrq vius NksVs ls futh O;olk; dk lQyrkiwoZd lapkyu ugha dj ikrsA
o O;fä viuk O;olk; 'kq: djrs gSa] ijUrq vFkd ç;klksa ds ckotwn Hkh
lQyrk çkIr ugÈ dj ikrsA
o O;fä vPNk ikfjokfjd O;oklkf;d okrkoj.k feyus ds ckotwn Hkh O;olk; dk lQyrkiwoZd lapkyu ugÈ dj ikrsA
o O;fä nfjæ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ikyu&iks"k.k vkSj de f'k{kk ds ckotwn Hkh O;olk; esa Å¡pkb;ksa dks Nw ysrs gSaA
bu lcdk dkj.k le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa rks yksx ^fdLer* dh ckr djrs gSaA fdLer gh HkkX; ;k çkjCèk gS ftldk fo'ys"k.k tUedq.Myh }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA T;ksfr"k dk vkèkkj iqutZUe vkSj deZ fl)kar gSA T;ksfr"k vkSj deZ rFkk T;ksfr"k vkSj iqutZUe mruk gh çR;{k gS ftruk fo”o esa dgÈ Hkh gjs&Hkjs isM+ gksuk [8]A euq"; dks tUe ls gh çkIr xq.kksa ds lUnHkZ esa Jhen~ Hkxon~ xhrk ds v/;k; 3 'yksd 5 dgk x;k gS fd euq"; gj iy deZ djrs jgu ds fy, ck/; gSA Jhen~ Hkxon~ xhrk ds v/;k; 14 'yksd 5 dgk x;k gS] fd lHkh euq"; LoHkko ls mRiUu
xq.kksa ds vèkhu gksdj deZ djus ds fy, ço`Ùk gksrs gSa] vFkkZr~ çR;sd O;fä esa tUe
ls gh ç—frtU; xq.k fo|eku gksrs gSa ftuds vèkhu jgdj gh og dk;Z djus dh
vksj çsfjr gksrk gSA [9]
çkjCèk esa çkIr bUgÈ f=xq.kksa ¼lkfRod] jktfld] rkefld½ ds lkeatL; ls ço`fr;k¡
fuÆer gksrh gSa ftuls tkrd dks egÙokdka{kk] vkRefo”okl] dk;Z&{kerk] tksf[ke
ysus dk ,oa dqN uohu djus dk lkgl ,oa ijkØe] nwjnÆ'krk] usr`Ro {kerk]
;kstuk&fu"iknu dyk] O;kogkfjdrk] lkekftdrk vkfn xq.k çkIr gksrs gSaA
fu"d"kZr% euq"; dks tUe ds lkFk gh çkjCèk esa ,sls xq.k çkIr gksrs gSa] ftlls ;g
fuèkkZfjr gksrk gS fd euq"; esa O;olk;h cuus ds xq.k gSa ;k ugÈA
1-5 'kksèk&fo"k; p;u dk vkSfpR; ,oa mís';
çkphu le; esa vkthfodk ds L=ksr lhfer FksA blds vfrfjä lwpuk&çlkj.k]
;krk;kr] f'k{kk ,oa rduhdh {ks= Hkh vfodflr FksA blh dkj.ko'k] ih<+h nj ih<+h ,d gh çdkj dk dk;Z fd;k tkrk FkkA tSls jktk dh ukSdjh djus okys O;fä dk csVk ljdkjh lsod] f'k{kd dk csVk f'k{kd] fdlku dk csVk fdlku] lkgwdkj dk csVk lkgwdkj] fHk{kqd dk csVk fHk{kqd vkSj O;olk;h dk csVk O;kikjh gh curk
FkkA tUe ls çkIr xq.kksa dk mi;ksx O;fä vius dk;Z {ks= esa djrk Fkk D;ksafd
muds ikl vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z {ks= dks cnyus dk fodYi ugÈ gksrk FkkA
;gh dkj.k gS fd çkphu T;ksfr"kh; lkfgR; esa O;olk;h cuus ds Li"V ;ksx ugÈ feyrsA _f"k ojkgfefgj us deZthokè;k; esa dsoy pkj gh 'yksd fy[ks gSa [10]] tcfd vkèkqfud ;qx ds fy, ;g ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; cu x;k gSSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa lwpuk dk vknku&çnku ,oa miyC/krk lgt gS] fo'o esa dgha Hkh tkus ds fy, ;krk;kr ds lk/ku lqyHk gSa] f'k{kk dk Lrj Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; gks x;k gS vkSj rduhdksa ,oa midj.kksa dk Hkh fodkl gks x;k gSSA vr% vk/kqfud ;qx esa O;fä vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z djus ds fy, ck/; ugha gSA tUe ls çkIr uSlfxZd xq.kksa ls vkthfodk p;u djus ds fy, tkrd vc iw.kZ :i ls LorU= gSA
O;olk; esa le`f) dh lEHkkouk vkSj v/khurk ds vHkko ls euq"; çsfjr gksdj
O;olk;h cuuk pkgrk gS ftlds fy, og viuk le; vkSj /ku yxkrk gSA vusd
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa tkrd vlQy Hkh gksrk gS ftlls èku vkSj le; ds O;; ds
lkFk&lkFk fujk'kk] ikfjokfjd ruko vkSj Hkfo"; dks ysdj ,d vleatl dh
fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA
bl fo"k; ds lUnHkZ esa T;ksfrf"k;ksa }kjk ;=&r= fc[kjs ;ksxksa ds leUo; ls gh
T;ksfr"kh; fu"d"kZ fudkyus dk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gSA vr% cnyrh lkekftd vkSj
vkÆFkd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, *O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh;
lUnHkZ esa½^ dh Li"V vko';drk gSA
O;olk;h cuus ds T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh çkphu lkfgR; esa deh ds fujkdj.k gsrq
'kksèk&fo"k; *O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½^ dk p;u djds ml ij ekSfyd 'kksèk fd;k x;k gS ftlls T;ksfr"kh; Qykns'k gsrq miyCèk lw=ksa dh fl)rk vfl)rk ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw=ksa dk Hkh fuèkkZj.k gks ldsA vkdyu dh i)fr oSfnd T;ksfr"k ds çkphu mR—"V 'kkL=h; T;ksfr"kh; fl)karksa ij gh vkèkkfjr gSA
[1] Drucker, P. F. (1999). Chapter9. InManagement(pp 98).NewYork, USA:HarperCollins e-books.
[2] Ebert, R. J. & Griffin, R. W. (2013). Chapter 1. In Business Essentials (pp 4). New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
[3] Gupta, C. B. (2015). Chapter 1. In Business Organisation (pp 1.4-5). New Delhi: M.K.M. Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
[4] Schlais, D. E., Davis, R. N. & Schlais, K. A. (2011). Chapter 2. In Introduction to Business (pp 21). USA: Association Global View.
[5] Cole, A.H. (1969). Definition of Entrepreneurship In J. L. Komives (Ed.), Karl A. Bostrom Seminar in the Study of Enterprise, pp 10-22. Milwaukee, USA: Center for Venture Management.
[6] Gartner, W. B. (1988). Who Is an Entrepreneur?” Is the Wrong Question, In ET&P (pp 47-68). USA: University of Baltimore Education Foundation.
[7] Sharma, V. (1966). Mitrabheda Tantra. In Pancha Tantra, pp 8. (Commentary : J. P.
Mishra). Mumbai, Maharashtra : Khemraj Shri Krishandas.
[8] jko] ds- u- ¼2010½- fgUnw T;ksfr"k esa deZ vkSj iqutZUe- i`- 26- uà fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'kUlA
[9] O;kl] osn- ¼2014½- Jhen~ Hkxon~xhrk ¼i`- 174] 919½- ¼jkelq[knkl Lokeh] Vhdkdkj½xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k : xhrk çslA
[10] ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~ ¼i`- 216½- ¼lq- p- feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
T;ksfr"k dk fo"k; vR;Ur foLr`r gSA T;ksfr"k vkSj T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds laf{kIr ifjp; ds vfrfjä 'kksèk&çcUèk esa ç;ksx dh x;h 'kCnkoyh dks Hkh laf{kIr :i esa bl
vè;k; esa çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA
2-1 T;ksfr"k dk vFkZ vkSj ifjp;
jk"Vªh; laL—r laLFkku ds laL—r fgUnh dks'k ds vuqlkj T;ksfr"k nks 'kCnksa ls cuk gS % T;ksfrl~ $ vp~ ¼çR;;½A T;ksfrl~ dk vFkZ gS& çdk'k] nhfIr] ped] çHkk
[1]A “T;ksfr"k 'kCn% T;ksfrl~ 'kCnkr~ fu"iUu% ;L; vFkZ% çdk'k% Hkofr” [2]
vFkkZr~ T;ksfr"k 'kCn dh mRifÙk T;ksfrl~ 'kCn ls gqà gS ftldk vFkZ çdk'k gSA
^T;ksfr"k* dh laL—r esa ewy èkkrq ^|qr~* gS ftldk vFkZ gS& peduk] vfHkO;ä
djuk] mtkyk gksukA |qr~ èkkrq ls ^T;ksfr"k* 'kCn fu"iknu djus ds fy, m.kkfn bflu~ ¼bLk½ çR;; dk foèkku gqvk gS [3]A
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dk vFkZ ekuk x;k gS % “T;ksfr"kka lw;kZfnxzgk.kka cksèkda 'kkL=Ek~” [4]
vFkkZr~ lw;Z vkfn xzgksa dk Kku djkus oky 'kkL= dks T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dgrs g A ,d vU; çpfyr er ds vuqlkj vkdk'kh; fi.Mksa ls iznr jf'e;k¡ vius cy vkSj dks.kkRed nwjh ds vkèkkj ij tkrd dks fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj ls çHkkfor djrh gSaA bu çHkkoksa ds vè;;u djus okys fo"k; dk uke ^T;ksfr"k* gSA [5]
fuEu okD;ka'k ds vuqlkj % “u{k=xzgrkjkdkfn&T;ksfr&fi.Mkuka&fLFkfr&xfr&çHkkokfn o.kZuija 'kkL=eso T;ksfr"k'kkL=Ek~A” [6]
vFkkZr~ ftl 'kkL= esa u{k=] xzg] rkjk vkfn çdk'ke;h fi.Mksa dh fLFkfr] xfr]
çHkko vkfn dk o.kZu gksrk gS og gh T;ksfr"k 'kkL= gksrk gSA
egf"kZ O;kl th us lksp&fopkj djds ;Kksa dh fofèk&foèkku ds ljyhdj.k ds
mís'; ls ,d osn dks pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkä dj fn;k & _d~] ;tq%] lke vkSj
vFko osnA [7]
osn ds fuEu Ng vax ekus x, gSa % “T;ksfr% dYiks fu#äa p f'k{kk O;kdj.ka rFkkA
NUnks fofpfrjsrkfu "kM³~xkfu fonq% Jqrs%AA” [8]
vFkkZr~ T;ksfr"k] dYi] fu#ä] f'k{kk] O;kdj.k vkSj NUn dks fo}ku osn ds Ng
vax dgrs gSaA
ukjniqjk.k ds vuqlkj tks O;fä osnksa ds Ng vaxksa vkSj osn dk Kkrk gksrk gS] mls
vuwpku dgrs gSaA fo}ku iq#"k osnksa ds Ng vaxksa & f'k{kk] dYi] O;kdj.k] fu#ä]
T;ksfr"k vkSj NUn 'kkL= dks osnkax dgrs gSaA [9]
osnkax ds mfYyf[kr Ng vaxksa dh la{ksi esa fo"k;&oLrq fuEu gS %
o f'k{kk % f'k{kk ds varxZr Loj dk eq[; LFkku gSA lgh Loj mPpkj.k ls Hkk"kk esa 'kq)rk vkrh gSA f'k{kk ds varxZr v{kj] o.kZ] in] ek=k vkfn ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gSA f'k{kk&'kkL= ds viw.kZ Kku ls eU= vkfn dk v'kq) mPpkj.k gksrk gS] ftlls fdlh eU= ds xyr vFkZ dk cks/k gks tkrk gSA [10]
o dYi % euq"; }kjk deks± dks djus dk fofèk&foèkku dYi ds varxZr vkrk gSA blds Kku ls euq"; dk;Z dq'ky curk gS vkSj dk;Z&dq'kyrk ls euq"; dks orZeku thou esa f'k{kk] /ku] le`f}] eku] iq= vkfn vkSj thou i;ZUr
¼ijyksd esa½ ije xfr dh çkfIr gksrh gSA [11]
o O;kdj.k % O;kdj.k&'kkL= ds varxZr 'kCn ds lgh :i of.kZr gSaA blesa
in] laKk] loZuke] fyax] foHkfä] /kkrq&ç;ksx] laf/k] folxZ] çR;;] vO;;]
lekl vkfn ds fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa vkSj ç;ksxksa dk foLrkj fn;k x;k gSA [12]
o fu#ä % bl 'kkL= esa varxZr oSfnd èkkrq ds :i vkrs gSaA blesa o.kZ ds
vkxe] foi;Z;] fodkj vkSj uk'k vkfn ds fu;e gSa [13]A buds Kku ls 'kCnksa ds ewy&:i vkSj muds fodkl&Øe dk Kku gksrk gSA
o T;ksfr"k % T;ksfr"k 'kkL= esa u{k=] xzg] rkjk vkfn çdk'ke;h fi.Mksa ds :i] xfr] fLFkfr vkfn dk o.kZu gksrk gSA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dk mins'k ewy :i
l Lo;a czgkth us fn;k FkkA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds Kku ek= ls gh euq"; ds
èkeZ dh flf) gksrh gSA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dk {ks= vR;Ur foLr`r gSA ijUrq vkpk;ksaZ us T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds rhu LdUèk dgs x, gSa fl)kUr] gksjk vkSj
lafgrkA [14]
o NUn % osnksa esa fyf[kr 'yksdksa esa fofHkUu çdkj ds NUnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftudh O;k[;k NUn&'kkL= esa dh xbZ gSA ek=k vkSj o.kZ vkfn ds
varj ls NUnksa dks igpkuk tk ldrk gSA budk vkèkkj vkB x.kksa vFkkZr~ ex.k] ;x.k] jx.k] lx.k] rx.k] tx.k] Hkx.k] ux.k rFkk xq# ,oa y?kq gSaA [15]
HkkLdjkpk;Z us osnkax ds mijksä Ng vaxksa dh 'kjhj ds vaxksa ls rqyuk djds muds egÙo dks ljyrk ls fuEu 'yksd ds ekè;e ls le>k;k gS % “'kCn'kkL=a eq[ka T;ksfr"ka p{kq"kh Jks=eqäa fu#äa p dYi% djkSA ;k rq f'k{kkL; osnL; lk ukfldk iknin~e};a NUn vk|ScqZèkS%AA” [16]
vFkkZr~ Kkuh tuksa us 'kCn&'kkL= ¼O;kdj.k&'kkL=½ dks osn dk eq[k] T;ksfr"k&'kkL= dks osn ds us=] fu#ä&'kkL= dks osn ds dku] dYi&'kkL= dks osn ds gkFk] f'k{kk&'kkL= dks osn dh ukd vkSj NUn&'kkL= dks osn ds iSj ekuk gSA
'kCnksa ds dqN cnyko ds lkFk ;gh ckr _f"k uEcwnjh us ç'u&ekxZ esa Hkh dgh gSA [17]
2-2 T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds foHkkx
T;ksfr"k dks eq[;r;k rhu LdUèkksa esa foHkä fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq dkykUrj esa bl
'kkL= ds ikap foHkkxksa dh Hkh ppkZ 'kkL=ksa esa feyrh gS] os ikap foHkkx gSa &
fl)kUr] lafgrk] gksjk] ç'u vkSj 'kdquA orZeku ifjçs{; esa vkt T;ksfr"k ds lHkh
vaxksa esa euksfoKku] thofoKku] inkFkZfoKku] jlk;ufoKku] HkkSfrdfoKku]
fpfdRlk'kkL=] xf.kr'kkL= bR;kfn lHkh 'kkL= blh 'kkL= esa vUrHkwZr gks tkrs gSaA
vkfn dky ls T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds bfrgkl dk voyksdu djus ij Kkr gksrk gS] fd vkfn dky ds vUr rd T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds xf.kr vFkok fl)kUr ,oa Qfyr
ds Hksn çLQqfVr gks x;s FksA xzgksa dh xfr] fLFkfr] v;uka'k] ikr vkfn xf.kr
T;ksfr"k ds vUrxZr rFkk 'kqHkk'kqHk le; dk fu/kkZj.k] fo/kk;d] ;K&;kxkfn dk;ksaZ ds djus ds fy, le; vkSj LFkku dk fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, Qfyr T;ksfr"k dk
fo"k; ekuk x;kA iwoZ e/;dky ds çkjEHk esa T;ksfr"k ds LdU/k=; & gksjk] fl)kUr
vkSj lafgrk ds :i esa xzg.k fd;k x;kA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds LdU/k=; ds fo"k; esa
vkpk;Z ukjn us ukjnlafgrk esa Hkh dgk gS] ftldk çek.k eqgwrZ fpUrkef.k xzUFk
ih;w"k/kkjk Vhdk esa feyrk gS & “fl)kUrlafgrkgksjk:iLdUèk=;kRede~ A osnL; fueZya p{kq% T;ksZfr''kkL=euqÙkee~AA” [18]
vFkkZr~ fl)kar] lafgrk vkSj gksjk :i dk rhu LdUèkksa okyk T;ksfr"k 'kkL= osn ds fueZy us= :i esa ijeksÙke dgk x;k gSA
blh fo"k; esa vkpk;Z ojkgfefgj us Hkh c`gRlafgrk xzUFk esa Li"V :i esa bl 'kkL= ds rhu LdU/kks dh ppkZ dh gS ,oa dgk Hkh gS “T;ksfr% 'kkL=eusdHksnfo"k;a LdU/k=;kf/kf"Bra
rr~ dkR;ksiu;L; uke eqfufHk% l³~dhrZ~;rs lafgrk A
LdU/ks·fLeu~ xf.krsu ;k xzgxfrLrU=kfHk/kkuLRolkS gksjk·U;ks·³~xfofu.kZ;'p dfFkr% LdU/kLr`rh;ks·ij%॥” [19]
bl 'yksd esa dgk gS fd T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds vusd fo"k; gSa vkSj bls rhu LdU/kksa
esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA ftl LdU/k esa lEiw.kZ ¼xf.kr vkSj gksjk LdU/k ls 'ks"k½
T;ksfr"k&'kkL= ds fo"k; lekfgr gksa] mls fo}kuksa }kjk lafgrk dgk tkrk gSA ftl
LdUèk esa xf.kr }kjk xzgxfr dk fu.kZ; fd;k x;k gks mldks rU= ¼fl)kar½ dgrs
gSaA blds vfrfjä r`rh; LdUèk dks gksjk dgrs gSaA
2-2-1 fl)kar
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds fl)kUr LdU/k esa xf.krh; fl)kUrksa dk foospu çkIr gksrk gSA
fl)kUr LdU/k ds y{k.k fo"k; esa vkpk;Z HkkLdj us vius fl)kUrf'kjksef.k xzUFk esa fl)kUr dk y{k.k çfrikfnr fd;k gS
=qVîkfn çy;kUrdkydyuk ekuçHksn% Øek&
Ppkj'p /kqlnka f}/kk p xf.kra ç'ukLrFkk lksÙkjk%A
Hkwf/k".;xzglafLFkrs'p dFkua ;U=kfn ;=ksP;rs]
fl)kUr% l mnkârks·= xf.krLdU/kçcU/ks cq/kS% ॥
vFkkZr~ fl)kUr LdU/k ds vUrxZr =qfV ls ysdj dYi dky rd dh dkyx.kuk]
lkSj] pkUæ eklksa dk çfriknu] xzgksa dh xfr;ksa dk fu:i.k] O;ä&vO;ä xf.kr
dk ç;kstu] fofo/k ç'uksÙkj fof/k] xzg&u{k= fLFkfr] ukuk çdkj ds rqjh;] ufydk]
pØ vkfn ;U=ksa dh fuekZ.k fof/k ,oa ç;ksx fof/k] fnd~&ns'k&dky f=ç'uksa dk foospu] v{k{ks= lEcU/kh v{kT;k] yEcT;k] ;qT;k] dqT;k] f=T;k] r)`fr] 'kadq vkfn
dk fof'k"V foospu ,oa vusd çdkj ls xzg&u{k=ksa dk xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k bl
LdU/k ds vUrxZr fufgr gSA
l`f"V ds vkjEHk ls ysdj dky ds vk/kkj ij bl fl)kUr LdU/k dk Hkh vkpk;ksaZ us rhu foHkkx fd;s gSa& xf.kr vFkok fl)kUr] rU= ,oa dj.k
2-2-1-1 xf.kr vFkok fl)kUr
l`f"V ds vkjEHk esa dYikfn ls vHkh"V fnu i;ZUr vgxZ.k ds }kjk xzgksa dh x.kuk
dk xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k fl)kUr foHkkx esa fd;k x;k gSA fl)kUr ds xzUFk
lw;Zfl)kUr] fl)kUrf'kjksef.k] fl)kUrrÙofoosd] fl)kUr lkoZHkkSe vkfn xzUFk
orZeku esa miyC/k gksrs gSaA
2-2-1-2 rU= ;qxkfn ds vkjEHk ls vHkh"V fnu i;ZUr vgxZ.k ds }kjk xzgksa dh x.kuk dk xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k rU= foHkkx esa fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa rU= foHkkx esa vk;ZHkV }kjk
ç.khr vk;ZHkVh;e~ uked xzUFk miyC/k gksrk gSA
2-2-1-3 dj.k
vHkh"V 'kdkfn ds vkjEHk ls vHkh"V fnu i;ZUr vgxZ.k ds }kjk xzgksa dh x.kuk dk xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k dj.k foHkkx esa fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa dj.k foHkkx esa
xzgyk?kodj.k] dsrdhxzgxf.kr] lokZuUndj.k vkfn xzUFk miyC/k gksrs gSaA dj.k foHkkx vk/kqfud gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; i¥~pk³~xksa esa xzgLi"Vhdj.k çfØ;k esa
vR;kf/kd lVhd fl) gksrk gSA vr% vf/kdrj i¥~pk³~xksa dk xzgxf.kr dj.k
xzUFkksa ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gSA
bl çdkj mijksä foospu ds fu"d"kZ :i esa dg ldrs gS] fd l`f"V ds vkjEHk ls ysdj dYikfn] ;qxkfn ,oa 'kdkCn ls vHkh"V fnu i;ZUr vgxZ.k ds }kjk xzgksa
dh x.kuk dk xf.krh; fo'ys"k.k fl)kUr LdU/k ds vUrxZr fufgr gSA T;ksfr"k
'kkL= ds fl)kUr xzUFkksa esa xzgxf.kr dk vyx&vyx çfof/k;ksa ds }kjk foLr`r
foospu miyC/k gksrk gSA fl)kUr xzUFkksa esa e/;ekf/kdkj] Li"Vkf/kdkj]
f=ç'ukf/kdkj] xzg.kkf/kdkj] xzg;qR;f/kdkj] Hkxzg;qR;f/kdkj] mn;kLrkf/kdkj]
pUæ'k`³~xksUuR;f/kdkj] ikrkf/kdkj bR;kfn foHkkxksa esa fl)kUr T;ksfr"k ds fo"k; foosfpr fd;s tkrs gSaA blh foHkkx ds vUrxZr ikVhxf.kr] chtxf.kr] js[kkxf.kr]
f=dks.kfefr] xksyh;js[kkxf.kr] pkih;f=dks.kfefr] çfrHkkKku] [kxksyfoKku] xzg.k]
J`³~xksUufr] xzg;qfr] xzgksn;kLr] oØRoekxZRo] i¥~pk³~x fuekZ.k] xzgLi"Vhdj.k]
;U=kfn lk/ku foosP; fo"k; gSaA
2-2-2 lafgrk
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds lafgrk LdU/k esa lef"Vxr çdkj ls T;ksfr"kh; fo"k;ksa dk
v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA lafgrk LdU/k ds vUrxZr gh xzgpkj] xzg;qfr]
mYdk&/kwedsrq] HkwdEi y{k.kkfn çk—frd vkinkvksa ls lEcfU/kr rF;ksa dk v/;;u
fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa lafgrk LdU/k ls lEcfU/kr c`gRlafgrk] Hk`xqlafgrk]
ukjnlafgrk] ofl"Blafgrk bR;kfn xzUFk miyC/k gksrs gSaA buds vk/kkj ij vk/kqfud
foKku ls lEcfU/kr rF;ksa ij vuqlU/kku dk;Z lEikfnr fd;k tk jgk gSA ftudk
çR;{k :i ls voyksdu Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA vuqlU/kku dh –f"V ls lafgrk xzUFkksa dk fo'ks"k mi;ksfxrk gSA lafgrk xzUFkksa esa Hkw'kks/ku] fnD'kks/ku] 'kY;ks)kj] esykid]
vk;k|ku;u] x`gksidj.k] bf"Vdk}kj] x`gkjEHk] x`gços'k] tyk'k;&fuekZ.k] ekaxfyd
dk;ksaZ ds eqgwrZ] mYdkikr] o`f"V] xzgksa ds mn;kLr dk Qy] xzgpkj dk Qy ,oa
xzg.k Qy vkfn fo"k;ksa dk fu:i.k foLrkjiwoZd fd;k tkrk gSA
2-2-3 gksjk
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds gksjk LdU/k esa tkrd ds thou esa gksus okys 'kqHkk'kqHk çHkkoksa dk
foospu fd;k tkrk gSA bl gksjk 'kCn dh fu"ifÙk ^vgksjk=^ 'kCn ls gqbZ gSA vkfn
o.kZ ^v^ vkSj vfUre o.kZ ^=^ dk yksi djus ij ^gksjk^ 'kCn dh fu"ifÙk ekuh x;h
gSA blh LdU/k dks ^tkrd'kkL=^ ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA bl 'kkL= esa tkrd ds tUedkyhu le; esa xzgksa dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj dq.Myh ds ek/;e ls
thou esa ?kfVr gksus okys 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy dk fu:i.k fd;k tkrk gSA bl 'kkL= esa tUedkyhu xzgksa dh tUedq.Myh ds vuqlkj }kn'k Hkkoksa ds Qy ,oa muesa fLFkr xzgksa dh fLFkfr] ;qfr ,oa –f"V ds vuqlkj foLrkjiwoZd foospu çfrikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA tkrd ds thou ds lq[k] nq[k] b"V] vfu"V] mUufr] voufr] HkkX;ksn; vkfn leLr 'kqHkk'kqHk Qyksa dk o.kZu bl 'kkL= esa fufgr gSA gksjk'kkL= ls lEcfU/kr orZeku le; esa c`gTtkrd] Qynhfidk] lkjkoyh] tkrdikfjtkr] c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=] Hkkjrh; dq.Myh foKku] c`gnodgMkpØ] y?kqtkrd] y?kqikjk'kjh] e/;ikjk'kjh bR;kfn cgqr ls xzUFk miyC/k gksrs gSaA ftudk v/;;u yksdksi;ksxh ekuk tkrk gSA gksjk'kkL= ds xzUFkksa esa Qy nks çdkj ls fu:fir fd;k x;k gS& ,d esa tkrd ds tUe u{k= ls vkSj nwljs tUe yXukfn }kn'k Hkkoksa }kjk fufeZr tUedq.Myh ds ek/;e ls foLrkjiwoZd fofHkUu –f"Vdks.kksa ls QydFku dh ç.kkyh dk o.kZu foosfpr fd;k x;k gSA
2-2-4 T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds vU; foHkkx
Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k dh ijEijk esa T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds rhu LdU/kksa vFkok foHkkxksa ds
vkrfjä ç'u] 'kdqu] eqgwrZ] okLrq] fpfdRlk ¼HkS"kT;½ vkfn foHkkx Hkh T;ksfr"k
'kkL= esa vkrs gSa A ijUrq ;g lHkh 'kkL= lafgrk ,oa gksjk foHkkx ds vUrfuZfgr
gksrs gSaA vr% bu 'kkL=ksa dk lkekU; ifjp; çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA
2-2-4-1 ç'u 'kkL=
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds foHkkxksa esa ç'u 'kkL= dks rRdky Qy crkus okyk 'kkL= dgk
tkrk gSA blesa ç'u djus okys ds mPpkfjr v{kjksa ls 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy dk fopkj
fd;k tkrk gSA ç'u 'kkL= esa rhu fl)kUrksa ds vk/kkj ij Qykns'k fd;k tkrk
gS & ç'uk{kj fl)kUr] ç'uyXu fl)kUr ,oa LojfoKku fl)kUrA gksjk 'kkL= ds
Qykns'k Øe ls gh ç'u 'kkL= esa Qykns'k fd;k tkrk gSA blesa rRdky ç'u ds
}kjk 'kqHkk'kqHk Qykns'k fd;k tkrk gS A vr% gksjk 'kkL= ls vU;ks·U; lEcU/k gksus
ds dkj.k gksjk 'kkL= esa gh ç'u 'kkL= dk vUrHkkZo gksrk gSA orZeku le; esa ç'u
'kkL= ls lEcfU/kr çeq[k xzUFk ç'uekxZ] "kV~i¥~pkf'kdk] Hkqounhid bR;kfn xzUFkksa
dk gksjk 'kkL= ds vUrxZr gh v/;;u ,oa v/;kiu gksrk gSA
2-2-4-2 'kdqu 'kkL=
'kdqu 'kkL= dks fufeÙk 'kkL= Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g lafgrk LdU/k ds vUrxZr fufgr gksrk gSA bl LdU/k dk fodkl mÙkje/;dky esa LorU= :i ls vf/kd
gqvk gS A Loj 'kkL= dk Hkh blh LdU/k ds le; mn~Hko ,oa fodkl gqvk A ujifr uked dfo us ujifrt;p;kZ uked ,d 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy dk cks/k djokus okyk fof'k"V xzUFk fy[kkA dkykUrj esa olUrjkt uked dfo us vius uke ij
olUrjkt'kdqu xzUFk dh jpuk dhA blesa çR;sd dk;Z ds iw.kZ gksus okys 'kqHkk'kqHk 'kdquksa dk çfriknu fd;k x;k gSA buds vfrfjä egkjkt y{e.klsu ds iq= cYykylsu us vn~Hkqrlkxj uke dk ,d laxzg xzUFk dh jpuk dhA orZeku esa
'kdqu 'kkL= ds vUrxZr bl xzUFk dk ,oa Loj 'kkL= ds v/;;u ds fy, ujifr
ds xzUFk dk v/;;u ,oa v/;kfir fd;k tkrk gSA
2-3 T;ksfr"k dk egÙo vkSj mi;ksfxrk
çkphu le; ds _f"k;ksa us Lokè;k;] lkèkuk] tu&dY;k.k Hkkouk vkSj Ôojh;
—ik&–f"V ls Hkwr&Hkfo"; ds Kku dks le>kA bl Ôojh; Kku dks mUgksaus fu;eksa
,oa lw=ksa dh ekyk esa fijksdj oSfnd T;ksfr"k 'kkL=ksa ds :i esa tu&lkèkkj.k ds
ekxZn'kZu ds fy, jpkA
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds egÙo vkSj mi;ksfxrk ds lUnHkZ esa vusd fo}kuksa us fy[kk gSA
;tqosZn ds T;ksfr"k lEcfUèkr 44 'yksdksa dk o.kZu djrs gq, yXkèk eqfu us vius
xzUFk esa fy[kk gS %
“;Fkk f'k[kk e;wjk.kka ukxkuka e.k;ks ;FkkA r}n~ osnk³~x'kkL=k.kka xf.kra ewfèu fLFkre~AA” [20]
vFkkZr~ ftl çdkj eksjksa esa f'k[kk vkSj ukxksa esa ef.k ¼lcls Åij vFkkZr~ f'kj esa½
gS] mlh çdkj lHkh osnkax'kkL=ksa es xf.kr ¼osnkaxksa ds N vaxksa esa ls T;ksfr"k dks
xf.kr Hkh dgk tkrk gS½ dk LFkku lcls Åij gSA
HkkLdjkpk;Z us Hkh T;ksfr"k d egÙo ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, dgk gS%
“osnp{kq% fdysna Le`ra T;kSfr"k eq[;rk pk³~xeè;s·L; rsuksP;rsA
la;qrks·ihrjS% d.kZuklkfnfHk'p{kq"kk³~xsu ghuks u ÇdfpRdj%AA” [21]
vFkkZr~ ;g T;ksfr"k 'kkL= osn dk us= ekuk x;k gS blhfy, lHkh vaxksa esa eq[; dgk tkrk gSA ;fn dku] ukd lHkh vax Hkh gksa rks Hkh us= ds fcuk euq"; dqN ugÈ dj ldrkA
'kCnksa ds dqN cnyko ds lkFk mijksä 'yksd _f"k uEcwnjh }kjk fojfpr xzUFk
ç'u&ekxZ esa Hkh oÆ.kr gS [22]A
_f"k dY;k.k oekZ ds vuqlkj “foèkk=k fyf[krk ;k·lkS yykVs·{kjekfydk A nSoKLrka iBs};äa gksjkfueZyp{kq"kkAA” [23]
vFkkZr~ czãk th us tks v{kj tkrd ds eLrd ij fy[k fn, mUgsa gksjk'kkL= dk
Kku j[kus okyk T;ksfr"kh viuh fueZy –f"V ls i<+ ysrk gSA
Jh xksj[k çlkn ds vuqlkj T;ksfr"k dh vko';drk rks fdlkuksa dks Hkh iM+rh Fkh
D;ksafd os Hkh tkuuk pkgrk Fks fd cht cksus vkfn ds fy, o"kkZ dc gksxh [24]A
_f"k dY;k.k oekZ us dgk gS fd gksjk'kkL= ekuo dks èku vÆtr djus esa lgk;rk
djrk gSA euq"; ij foifÙk #ih leqæ ls cpkus ds fy, ,d tgkt dh rjg dk;Z
djrk gSA ;k=k ds le; gksjk 'kkL= ls mÙke lykgdkj vkSj dksà ugÈ gks ldrkA
[35]
_f"k ojkgfefgj us dgk gS % “vI;.kZoL; iq#"k% çrju~ dnkfpnklkn;snfuyosxo'ksu ikje~ A u RoL; dkyiq#"kk[;egk.kZoL; xPNsRdnkfpnu`f"keZulkfi ikjeAA” [26]
vFkkZr~ rSjrk gqvk euq"; dnkfpr ok;q ds osx ls leqæ dks ikj dj ldrk gS] ij
dkyiq#"k laKd T;ksfr"k 'kkL= :ih egkleqæ dks _f"k&eqfu;ksa ds vfrfjä euq"; eu ls Hkh ikj ugÈ dj ldrkA
nSoK ujÇlg us vius xzUFk tkrd lkjnhi esa T;ksfr"k ds egÙo dh vU; 'kkL=ksa ls rqyuk djrs gq, dgk gS %
“vçR;{kkf.k 'kkL=kf.k fooknLrs"kq dsoye~A
çR;{ka T;ksfr"ka 'kkL=a pUækdkSZ ;= lkf{k.kkSAA” [27]
vFkkZr~ vçR;{k 'kkL= dsoy fookn ds fo"k; gSa] ijUrq T;ksfr"k 'kkL= çR;{k 'kkL= g ftlds lk{kh pUæek vkSj lw;Z gSaA
2-4 T;ksfr"k esa ns'k&dky dk egÙo
deZ dk vkSj iqutZUe dk fl)kar gh T;ksfr"k dk vk/kkj gS] ftlds vuqlkj euq"; dks orZeku thou vius xr tUeksa ds lafpr deksaZ ds vk/kkj ij çkIr gksrk gSA euq"; dks vius deZ Qyksa dks Hkksxus ds fy, gh thou çkIr gksrk gSA HkksX; Qyksa ds vk/kkj ij euq"; lfgr lHkh thoksa dks 'kjhj] oa'k vkSj okrkoj.k çkIr gksrk gSA ;gh mldk orZeku tUe dk HkkX; ;k çkjCèk Hkh gksrk gS] tks tUedq.Myh esa
xzg&fLFkfr }kjk vafdr gksrk gSA
iwoZ&tUeksa ds deks± dh fHkUurk ds dkj.k ,d gh le; ij vyx&vyx ifjokjksa
esa tUesa O;fä;ksa ds HkkX; vyx gksrs gSaA fujUrj 'kksèk djus dk ,d vkSfpR; ;g
Hkh gS fd le; ds lkFk lkekftd ifjikVh cnyrh jgrh gS] ftlls iwoZ&fyf[kr
lw=ksa ds QydFku esa ifjorZu vk ldrk gSA vr% T;ksfr"kh dks ns'k&dky dks
tkudj gh dq.Myh dk vkdyu djuk pkfg,A blds vfrfjä tkrd ¼ik=½ ls
lEcfUèkr lkekftd ekunaMksa dks tkudj] tkrd dh ikfjokfjd fLFkfr dks
le>dj vkSj tkrd ls lEcfUèkr tkudkjh çkIr djus ds ckn gh Qfyr djus
dh vuq'kalk dh xà gSA
_f"k eU=s”oj us Hkh ns'k&dky dh egÙkk dk vuqeksnu djrs gq, viuh dkyt;h
jpuk Qynhfidk esa fy[kk gS % “n'kkigkjs"kq Qya ;nqäa o.kkZfèkdkjkuqxq.ka onUrq A
fNæs"kq lw{es"ofi rRQykfIr% Nk;k³~dokrkZJo.kkfu ok L;q%AA” [28]
vFkkZr~ n'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds Qy] tkrd dh ikfjokfjd i`"BHkwfe] Lrj vkSj xq.kksa ij
fopkj djus ds ckn dguk pkfg,A çR;Urj n'kk vkSj lw{e n'kk vkfn ds Qyksa
dk fu/kkZj.k Hkh blh çdkj ls djuk pkfg,A tkrd ds O;fäRo ¼Nk;k½ ls] ckrphr
djus ds <+x ls ;k mldh vkokt ls vuqeku yxkdj Hkh Qy dgs tk ldrs gSaA
_f"k ojkgfefgj us Hkh c`gRlafgrk esa ns'k&dky ds egÙo ij cy nsdj dgk gS %
“u rRlgl dfj.kka okftuka p prqxqZ.ke~A
djksfr ns'kdkyKks ;FkSdks nSofpUrd%AA” [29]
vFkkZr~ ns'k&dky dks tkuus okyk ,d T;ksfr"kh og dk;Z djrk gS tks ,d gtkj
gkFkh vkSj pkj gtkj ?kksM+s Hkh ugÈ dj ldrsA
egÆ"k ijk'kj us Li"V cy vè;k; esa dgk gS %
^^xf.krs"kq çoh.kks ;% 'kCn'kkL=s —rJe%A
U;k;fon~ cqf)ekUk~ ns'kfnôkyKks ftrsfUæ;%AA
ÅgkiksgiVqgksZjkLdU/kJo.klEer%A
eS=s; lR;rka ;kfr rL; okD;a u la'k;%AA^^ [30]
vFkkZr~ gs eS=s; tks O;fä xf.kr esa n{k gks] ftlus 'kCn&'kkL= esa esgur dh gks]
U;k;iw.kZ gks] cqf)eku gks] ns'k&fn'kk&dky dks tkurk gks] bfUæ;ksa ij la;e gks]
Ågkiksg esa dq'ky gks] ftlus gksjk&'kkL= ¼tkrd 'kkL=½ dks lgh çdkj ls lquk
¼çkphu le; esa f'k{kk lqudj çkIr dh tkrh Fkh½ gks] rks ml O;fä ds Qykns'k
dh lR;rk esa lUnsg ugÈ gksrkA
ns'k dk vFkZ gS] og LFkku tgka tkrd iSnk gqvk gSA tkrd ds tUe&LFkku ds lkekftd jhfr&fjokt vkSj lekt ds fu;e D;k gSa\ fdlh Hkh dq.Myh dk
vkdyu djus ls iwoZ bldh tkudkjh gksuk vfr vko';d gSA ;fn tkrd dk
tUe&LFkku vkSj fuokl&LFkku vyx&vyx gSa] rks nksuksa LFkkuk dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A tSls
tkrd fookfgr gS] vkSj iwNrk gS fd mldh nwljh 'kknh dc gksxh\
tUedq.Myh ds vkdyu ls ;ksx vkSj n'kk ds vuqlkj fookg ds fy, mfpr
le; yxrk gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa Hkh vki nwljk fookg ugÈ dg ldrs
D;ksafd ;g dkuwuu oÆtr gS] ijUrq ;fn tkrd eqfLye lekt ls gqvk] rks
vki nwljs fookg dk Qykns'k dj ldrs gSaA
blh çdkj ;wjksi] vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa esa vfèkdrj çse&fookg gh gksrs gSaA
blds vfrfjä tkfr vkfn dk Hkh dksà Hksn ugÈ gksrk] ijUrq Hkkjr ds fdlh
xk¡o esa çse&fookg ;k vartkZrh; fookg ds fy, dq.Myh esa lEcfUèkr ;ksx ns[kuk vko';d gSA
;fn fdlh dU;k dk laHkkfor fookg le; ;k fookg [k.M fudkyuk gS
vkSj dq.Myh esa lkekU; vk;q esa fookg gksus ds ;ksx gSaA ;fn tkfrdk fdlh
NksVs xk¡o ds de i<+s&fy[ks ifjokj dh vf'kf{kr dU;k gS] rks lkekU; 'kknh
dh mez 18&21 gksxh] ogÈ ;fn og fdlh cMs+s 'kgj ds çfrf"Br ifjokj dh
mPp&f'kf{kr dU;k gS] rks lkekU; 'kknh dh mez 24&27 gksxhA
dky dk vFkZ gS& le;A ;g tkuuk vko';d gS fd fdl le;&vofèk esa lw=
fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, FksA vfèkdrj T;ksfr"kh; xzUFk çkphu le; esa fy[ks x, Fks
blhfy, T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dk dky çkphu gSA vko';drk gksus ij] bu lw=ksa dks dky ds vuqlkj mgk&iksg ls ifjoÆrr djrs gq, Qfyr djuk pkfg,A
çkphu T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dk vkèkkj ml le; dh lkekftd O;oLFkk FkhA tSls& _f"k ijk'kj us tk;kHkkoQykè;k; esa fy[kk gS fd lIres'k ;fn 'kqHk xzg dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gks vkSj 'kqØ vius mPp ¼ehu½ ;k Loxzg ¼o`"kHk ;k rqyk½ esa fLFkr gks rks rks 5osa ;k 9osa o"kZ esa fookg gksrk gS [31]A c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ds jpuk dky esa ;g laHko jgk gksxk] ijUrq vkèkqfud ;qx esa 'kh?kz fookg dk Qykns'k djuk gh
mfpr gksrk gS D;ksafd Hkkjr esa dkuwuh :i ls 18 o"kZ ls igys dU;k dk vkSj 21 o"kZ ls igys iq#"k dk fookg ugÈ gks ldrkA
T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa jktk gksus ds vusd ;ksx of.kZr gSa] ijUrq vkèkqfud ;qx esa dq.Myh ds ;ksx ns[k dj mlds jktk gksus dk Qfyr ugÈ dj ldrsA vkèkqfud
dky ds vuqlkj dgsaxs fd tkrd vfèkd èku] Hkwfe vkfn dk Lokeh gksxkA
vr% lVhd QydFku ds fy,] ns'k&dky dh tkudkjh vfr vko';d gSA blh
dkj.ko'k cnyrs le; ds lkFk&lkFk uohu 'kksèk dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA
2-5 T;ksfr"k dk mn~Hko ,oa dky[kaM
'kks/k&fo"k; ls lEcfU/kr lw=ksa dks bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa T;ksfr"kh; 'kkL=ksa vkSj
T;ksfr"kh; iqLrdksa ls fy;k x;k gSA fdlh Hkh ;ksx] lw= ;k fu;e dks le>us ds fy, mldk ns'k&dky tkuuk fdruk vko';d gS] bldk o.kZu 2-3 esa fd;k x;k gSA vr% T;ksfr"k ds çeq[k jpukdkjksa ds le; dk Kku gksuk vko';d gSA
T;ksfr"kh; dk;Z ds fodkl dks le>us ds fy, dky dks eq[;r% rhu [k.Mksa esa
foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS [32] [33] %
1- oSfnd dky
2- osnkax dky
3- fl)kar dkyA
2-5-1 oSfnd dky
osn dks lcls çkphu ekuk x;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh ekuk x;k gS fd osn Lo;a Hkxoku
dh ok.kh gSA osn ds dksbZ jfp;rk ugha gSA czãk th us Hkh bldk Kku HkxoR—ik
ls gh çkIr fd;k FkkA ckn esa] tu&dY;k.k ds fy, O;kl th }kjk osn dks pkj
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kA
osnksa vkSj iqjk.kksa esa l`f"V dh mRifÙk ds fo"k; esa vusd o.kZu gSaA rSfÙkfj;ksifu"kn~ ds vuqlkj loZçFke vkdk'k dh] vkdk'k ls ok;q dh] ok;q ls vfXu dh] vfXu ls
ty dh] ty ls i`Foh dh] i`Foh ls vkS"kfèk dh] vkS"kfèk ls vUu dh rFkk vUu ls
iq#"k dh mRifÙk gqà [34]A
T;ksfr"k fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr ppkZ djsa rks osnksa e lw;Z] pUæ] i`Foh] dykvksa dk
?kVuk&c<+uk] ekl] u{k=] laØkfUr] _rq] fnol] jkf=] laoRlj vkfn dk o.kZu
feyrk gS [35]A
fu"d"kZr% oSfnd dky esa T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds çkjfEHkd vo;oksa ij dk;Z gqvk Fkk]
ftuesa vkdk'kh; lajpuk vkSj dky&x.kuk eq[; FksA
2-5-2 osnkax dky
osnksa ds N vax gSa& f'k{kk] dYi] O;kdj.k] fu#ä] T;ksfr"k vkSj NUnA budk jpuk dky gh osnkax dky dgykrk gSA osnkax dky dh vofèk 1500 Ã-iw- ls 500 Ãrd ekuh x;h gS [36]A yxèk eqfu }kjk fojfpr ,d osnk³~xT;ksfr"k uked xzUFk gS ftl ij lksedj Vhdk gS [37]A _Xosn vkSj ;tqosZn esa Hkh T;ksfr"kh; 'yksd
gSaA _Xosn esa T;ksfr"k ds 36 vkSj ;tqosZn esa T;ksfr"k ds 44 'yksd gSaA _Xosn vkSj ;tqosZn ds 'yksdksa esa dqN lekurk Hkh gS [38]A osnkax dky esa [kxksyh; ,oa Qfyr T;ksfr"k ij vusd ekSfyd dk;Z gq,A bl
dky[k.M esa xf.kr ij Hkh cgqr dk;Z gqvkA tSls& frfFk lkèku] u{k= lkèku] v;u] ioZ lkèku vkfnA [39]
2-5-3 fl)kar dky
;g dky yxHkx 500 Ã- iwoZ ls 1600 Ã- rd ekuk x;k gS [40]A bl dky esa
T;ksfr"k ds rhuksa Hkkxksa & fl)kar] gksjk vkSj lafgrk & ij vusd ekSfyd dk;Z
fyfic) gq,A
bl dky[kaM ds vU; çfl) xzUFk ,oa xzUFkdkj gSa % ukjn iqjk.k] ukjn lafgrk]
lw;Z fl)kar] dkSfVY; dk vFkZ'kkL=] lw;Z çKfIr] pUæ çKfIr] T;ksfr"dj.Md]
egkHkkjr] xxZ _f"k] _f"kiq=] vk;ZHkê çFke] dkydkpk;Z] vk;ZHkê f}rh;]
yYykpk;Z] fgIikjdl vkSj VkyehA _f"k ijk'kj }kjk fojfpr
c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~] _f"k tSfeuh }kjk fojfpr tSfeuh lw=e~] dY;k.k oekZ }kjk
fojfpr lkjkoyh vkSj dkfynkl }kjk fojfpr mÙkj dkyke`r vkfnA ojkgfefgj
fojfpr c`gTtkrd] c`gr~&lafgrk] y?kqtkrd] fookgiVy] iapfl)kfUrdk vkfnA
czãxqIr ¼czgeLQqV fl)kar½] i`F;q;'kk ¼"kV~iapkf'kdk½] HkêksRiy] Jhifr] ekulkxj
}kjk fojfpr ekulkxjh] eU=s”oj }kjk fojfpr Qynhfidk] osadVs'k }kjk fojfpr
lokZFkZ Çprkef.k] oSèkukFk nhf{kr }kjk fojfpr tkrd ikfjtkr] <qf.<jkt }kjk
fojfpr tkrdkHkj.ke~ vkfnA HkkLdjkpk;Z] fudksyl dksijfudl] ;oukpk;Z]
uhydaB] rkÃdksczkgs] xSyhfy;ks] ujifr] jaxukFk] tksgkul dsiyj] eqgwrZ rÙo ¼ds”okpk;Z½] eqgwrZ ekrZ.M ¼ukjk;.k½] x.ks'k }kjk fojfpr xzg yk?ko vkfnA
1000 Ã- ls 1600 Ã- ds eè; if'peh ns'kksa ds fo}kuksa us Hkh ljkguh; dk;Z fd;k vkSj bl dky&[k.M esa xf.kr ,oa ;a=ksa ij vusd 'kksèk gq,A eqgwrZ] 'kjhj y{k.k Kku ¼lkeqfæd½] ç'u] jey] rkftd vkfn ij Hkh egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gqvkA
mijksä rhu eq[; dky[kaMksa ds ckn ds dky dk laf{kIr o.kZu fuEu gS %
1600 bZ- ds ckn ls vc rd ds le; dks vk/kqfud dky Hkh dgrs gSa [41]A bl vofèk es eqgwrZ] ç'u] l‚¶Vos;j vkfn ij cgqr dk;Z gqvkA ;krk;kr ds lkèkuksa ds
fodkl vkSj O;kikfjd –f"Vdks.k dh vfHko`f) ds dkj.k vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh T;ksfr"k ij dk;Z gqvkA
vkèkqfud dky ds dqN çpfyr xzUFk ,oa fo}ku gSa % jkenSoK }kjk fojfpr eqgwrZ
Çprkef.k] egknso ikBd }kjk fojfpr tkrdrÙoe] U;wVu] ,MeaM gsyh] fofy;e
g"kZy vkfnA
1900 Ã- ls vc rd] çkphu xzUFkksa ds vuqokn vkSj O;k[;k vkfn ij vfèkd tksj
jgk gS ftlls Hkk"kk dh tfVyrk,¡ feV xb±A vkèkqfud rduhdksa vkSj l‚¶Vos;j
ds dkj.k x.kukvksa dh tfVyrk,a Hkh feV xà gSaA
2-6 T;ksfr"kh; ;ksx
tUedq.Myh esa jkf'k;ksa] Hkkoksa] xzgksa] u{k=ksa] Hkkos'kksa vkfn dh fLFkfr vkSj vkil esa cuus okys lEcU/kksa ls ;ksx fufeZr gksrs gSaA dqN eq[; ;ksxksa ds uke gSa& ukHkl ;ksx] egkiq#"k ;ksx] egkHkkX; ;ksx] jkt;ksx] èku;ksx] vfèk;ksx]
lquQk&vuQk&nq#èkjk ;ksx] ljLorh ;ksx vkfnA
2-7 jkf'k ifjp;
lHkh T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa fuÆookn :i ls HkpØ esa 12 jkf'k;ksa ds :i] xq.k vkfn dk o.kZu gSA egf"kZ ijk'kj ds vuqlkj vO;äkRek Hkxoku dky:i fo".kq gSaA muds vax es"kkfn 12 jkf'k gSaA 12 jkf'k;ksa ds Øe ls uke gSa& es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ]
Çlg] dU;k] rqyk] o`f'pd] èkuq] edj] dqEHk vkSj ehu [42]A
jkf'k;ksa dk fuEu ifjp; okeu iqjk.k esa feyrk gS] tks iqyRL; _f"k us ukjn eqfu ls Hkxoku f'ko ds vkdk'k esa jkSæ :i dks ns[kdj fd;k Fkk [43] %
es"k % dky#ih egknso ds flj ds :i esa lEiw.kZ vf”ouh u{k=] lEiw.kZ Hkj.kh u{k=
rFkk —frdk u{k= ds çFke pj.k ls ;qä HkkSe ¼eaxy½ dk {ks= es"k jkf'k gSA es"k
jkf'k HksM+ dh vk—fr tSlh gksrh gSA /ku&/kkU; okys LFkku] jRuksa ds [kkusa vkSj
Qwy&ouLifr okys tyk'k; es"k jkf'k okys tkrd ds lapj.k LFkku gksrs gSaA
o`"k % egknso ds eq[k ds :i esa —frdk u{k= ds vafre rhu pj.k] lEiw.kZ jksfg.kh
u{k= ,oa e`xf'kjk u{k= ds çFke nks pj.k 'kqØ dh o`"k jkf'k gSA bldk :i o`"kHk
ds leku gS vkSj ;g xksdqy vkfn esa fopj.k djrh gS rFkk —f"k Hkwfe bldk
fuokl gksrk gSA
feFkqu % egknso dh nksuksa Hkqtkvksa ds :i esa e`xf'kjk u{k= ds 'ks"k nks pj.k] lEiw.kZ
vkæk u{k= vkSj iquoZlq u{k= ds çFke rhu pj.k cqèk dh feFkqu jkf'k gSA feFkqu
jkf'k ,d L=h vkSj ,d iq#"k ds lkFk&lkFk jgus ds leku vk—fr okyh gSA
iq#"k&L=h ds gkFkksa esa oh.kk ,oa vU; laxhr ;a= gSA bl jkf'k dk lapj.k ukp&xkus
okyksa vkSj f'kfYi;ksa esa gksrk gSA ØhM+kLFky vkSj fogkj&Hkwfe bldk fuokl LFkku
gksrk gSA
ddZ % egknso dh nksuksa cxy ds :i esa iquoZlq u{k= dk vafre pj.k] lEiw.kZ iq";
u{k= vkSj lEiw.kZ v'ys"kk u{k= pUæek dh ddZ jkf'k gSA ddZ jkf'k dh vk—fr
dsdM+s tSlh gSA bl jkf'k ds tkrdksa ds fuokl LFkku ikuh dh D;kjh] unh dk
fdukjk vkSj 'kkar LFkku gksrs gSaA
Çlg % ;g jkf'k egknso ds ân; dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA flag jkf'k ds {ks= esa
e?kk u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k] iwoZ&QkYxquh u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj mÙkj&QkYxquh
u{k= dk çFke pj.k gksrk gSA Çlg jkf'k dk fuokl taxy] igkM+] nqxZe LFkku]
xqQ+k] ladjs jkLrs vkfn gSaA
dU;k % ;g cq/k ds LokfeRo okyh dU;k jkf'k gSA egknso ds tBj ds :i e
mÙkj&QkYxquh u{k= ds vkf[kjh rhu pj.k] gLr u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj fp=k
u{k= ds igys nks pj.k dU;k jkf'k dk {ks= gSA dU;k jkf'k esa ,d ;qorh vUu
vkSj nhi gkFk esa ysdj ,d ukSdk ij cSBh gSA ;g jkf'k fL=;ksa ds jfr LFkku] ?kkl
okys LFkku] xkscj vkfn ds LFkkuksa esa lapj.k djrh gSA
rqyk % 'kqØ dh rqyk jkf'k egknso dh ukfHk dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA bldk {ks= fp=k u{k= ds vkf[kjh nks pj.k] Lokfr u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj fo'kk[kk u{k= ds igys rhu pj.k gSA rqyk jkf'k gkFk esa rqyk ¼rjktw½ fy;s iq#"k ds :i esa
xfy;ksa vkSj cktkjksa esa fopj.k djrh gSA uxj] ekxZ vkSj Hkou bldk fuokl LFkku
gSA
o`f'pd % egknso ds xqIrkax dk çfrfuf/kRo eaxy dh o`f'pd jkf'k djrh gSA
o`f'pd jkf'k dk {ks= fo'kk[kk u{k= dk vkf[kjh ,d pj.k] vuqjk/kk u{k= ds pkjksa
pj.k vkSj T;s"Bk u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k gSA o`f'pd jkf'k dk vkdkj fcPNq leku
gSA ;g xìs vkSj nhed okys LFkkuksa esa fopj.k djrh gSA ;g tgj] xkscj] dhV
vkfn esa Hkh fuokl djrh gSA
èkuq % egknso dh nksuksa tk¡?kksa dk çfrfuf/kRo c`gLifr dh /kuq jkf'k djrh gSA /kuq
jkf'k dk {ks= ewy u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj
mÙkj&vk"kk<+k u{k= dk çFke pj.k gSA èkuq jkf'k dk i`"B Hkkx ?kksM+s ds leku gS
vkSj vxz Hkkx èkuq"k fy;s iq#"k leku gSA ;g ?kqM+lokjh] ohjrk ds dk;Z] n{krk ds
dk;Z vkSj vL=&'kL= ds dk;Z dk çrhd gSA gkFkh] jFk vkfn bldk fuokl LFkku
gksrk gSA
edj % egknso ds nksuksa ?kqVuks ds :i esa mÙkj&vk"kk<+k u{k= ds 'ks"k rhu pj.k]
Jo.k u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj ?kfu"Bk u{k= ds çFke nks pj.k 'kfu dh edj
jkf'k gSA edj jkf'k dk eq[k e`x&eq[k ds leku] daèks o`"k&dUèkksa ds leku vkSj
us= gkFkh&us= ds leku gksrs gSA ;g jkf'k unh esa fopj.k djrh gS vkSj leqæ esa
foJke djrh gSA
dqEHk % egknso dh nksuksa ÇiMfy;ksa ds :i esa ?kfu"Bk u{k= ds 'ks"k nks pj.k]
'krfHk"kk u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= ds çFke rhu pj.k 'kfu dh
dqEHk jkf'k gSA dqEHk jkf'k fjä ?kM+s dks daèks ij fy;s gq, ikuh ls Hkhxs iq#"k leku gSA bldk lapkj&LFkku th.kZ ?kj ,oa lqjky; gSA
ehu % egknso ds nks pj.kksa ds :i esa iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= dk vafre pj.k]
mÙkj&Hkkæin u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k vkSj jsorh u{k= ds pkjksa pj.k c`gLifr dh
ehu jkf'k gSA ehu jkf'k nks la;qä eNfy;ksa dh vk—fr okyh gSA ehu jkf'k ds
/kkfeZd vkSj leqæ vkfn lapj.k LFkku dgs x, gSaA ehu jkf'k ifo= LFkkuksa] eafnjksa vkSj czkã.kksa ds ?kj esa fuokl djrh gSA
2-8 Hkko ifjp;
HkpØ ds 360° dk 12 Hkkoksa esa oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gSA çR;sd Hkko ds vusd uke
vkSj dkjdRo gksrs gSaA O;olk;h cuus ds cgqr ls ;ksxksa dk lEcU/k Hkkoksa ls Hkh
gksrk gSA }kn'k Hkkoksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; fuEu çdkj ls gS [44] %
çFke Hkko % ;g ruq Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls 'kkjhfjd cukoV] Lo#i]
o.kZ] LokLF;] LoHkko] ço`fÙk] O;fäRo] lq[k&nq%[k] vkRelEeku] rst] LQwÆr] ç;klksa
esa lQyrk ;k foQyrk] ckyiu] ds”k] okrkoj.k vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
f}rh; Hkko % ;g èku Hkko ;k dqVqac Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls èku&èkkU;]
dqVqEc] ok.kh] èkkrq] jRu] nk;ha vk¡[k] [kku&iku] fopkj] cpiu esa çkIr laLdkj]
psgjk vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
r`rh; Hkko % r`rh; Hkko dks ijkØe ;k Hkzkr` Hkko Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl Hkko ls ijkØe] lkgl] NksVs HkkÃ&cfgu] mins'k] –<+rk] NksVh ;k=k] ys[ku] fnekxh
my>u] firk dk ekjd Hkko] vk;q dk Hkkokr&Hkkoe] iM+kslh] deh'ku] çfrHkk]
fuokl LFkku esa ifjorZu] ukSdjh esa LFkkukarj.k] lans'kokgd] i=dkj] çdk'ku vkfn
ns[kk tkrk gSA
prqFkZ Hkko % ;g lq[k Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls ?kj dh lq[k&'kkafr] okgu]
ekrk] cUèkq] fufèk] lkekftd fLFkfr] çkjfEHkd f'k{kk] ?kj] [ksrh] cx+hpk] uSfrdrk
vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
iape Hkko % ;g Hkko lqr Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls mPp f'k{kk] lêsckth]
larku] cqf)eÙkk] ;a=&ea=] dYiuk'khyrk] Hkkouk,¡] vPNs fl)kar] firk ds
èkeZijk;.k dk;Z] nwj&–f"V] Lej.k'kfä] vUnktk yxkus dh ço`fÙk] çse&lEcUèk]
T;ksfr"k] çfr"Bk] ea=hRo] [ksy] euksjatu] jksekap] lk>snkj dk ykHk] laxhr vkfn
ns[kk tkrk gSA
"k"B Hkko % ;g fjiq Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls jksx] _.k] 'k=q] ukSdjh]
çfrLièkkZ] ekek] e`R;q dk Mj] vlQyrk,a] vojksèk] "kMîa=] ekufld ihM+k] ?kko]
ekufld vfLFkjrk] fuos'k esa gkfu] euq"; ds Ngksa uSlÆxd 'k=q& dke] Øksèk] yksHk]
eksg] vgadkj] Ã";kZ vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
lIre Hkko % ;g dy= Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls fookg] oSokfgd lEcUèk]
lk>snkjh esa O;kikj djuk] ekxZ] ;k=k] thoulkFkh] turk ls lEcUèk] yksdfç;rk]
;kSu jksx] dkeqdrk vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
v"Ve Hkko % ;g vk;q Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls vk;q] e`R;q] ekufld Çprk]
xqIr jksx] leqæh ;k=k] vpkud ykHk o gkfu] iSr`d laifÙk] vkè;kfRed ço`fÙk]
oSjkX; dh Hkkouk] vUos"k.k dh ço`fr] vieku] inP;qfr] :dkoVsa] xqIr èku&laifÙk] nwljh vkthfodk] ijkt;] iki] fL=;ksa ds fy, ekaxY; LFkku] nq?kZVuk,¡] fujk'kk]
gkfu] xw<+ foKku] fdlh tho dks ekjuk] jgL; dk Hkko vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
uoe Hkko % ;g HkkX; Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls eku&lEeku] èkkÆed dk;ks± esa #fp] firk] mPp f'k{kk] rhFkZ ;k=k] f}rh; fookg] mPp ckSf)d Kku]
uSfrd fl)kar] HkkX;] dkuwu] mins'kd vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
n'ke Hkko % ;g deZ Hkko Hkh dgykrk gSA bl Hkko ls vkthfodk] deZ] egÙokdka{kk]
çflf)] ekU;rk] lQyrk] çfr"Bk] vfèkdkj] uSfrdrk] firk ds fy, ekjd] lalkj ls oSjkX;] in dk Lrj] fof'k"Vrk] Js"Brk vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
,dkn'k Hkko % ,dkn'k Hkko dks ykHk Hkko ;k vk; Hkko Hkh dgrs gSaA bl Hkko ls /ku çkfIr ds L=ksr] cM+s HkkÃ&cfgu] èku dh çkfIr] eku&lEeku] iqjLdkj] bPNk
iwÆr] dku] nqnZ'kk ls eqfä] cgq fookg vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
}kn'k Hkko % }kn'k Hkko dks O;; Hkko Hkh dgrs gSaA bl Hkko ls O;;] vkÆFkd gkfu] ijs'kkfu;k¡] xqIrpj] vLirky] tsy] naM] ;k=k] ck;È vk¡[k] eks{k] ;kSukuUn] fons'k ;k=k] xqIr 'k=q] LFkku P;qfr] uÈn] HkVduk] R;kx dh {kerk] fookn] nqHkkZX;] :dkoVsa] vykSfdd fo"k;ksa ds ekè;e ls lQyrk] vukFkkJe] nSoh; Kku] lsok fuo`fÙk vkfn ns[kk tkrk gSA
2-9 xzg ifjp;
T;ksfr"k&'kkL= esa ukS xzgksa dh ekU;rk gS] ftuds fofHkUu çHkkoksa] ;ksx] n'kk] xkspj
vkfn ls tkrd 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy çkIr djrs gSaA c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ds vuqlkj “vFk [ksVk jfo'pUæks e³~xy'p cqèkLrFkk A
xq#% 'kqØ% 'kuh jkgq% dsrq'pSrs ;FkkØee~AA” [45]
vFkkZr~ lw;Z] pUæ] eaxy] cqèk] c`gLifr] 'kqØ] 'kfu] jkgq vkSj dsrq Øe ls xzg gSaA
fofHkUu xzUFkksa l ladfyr xzgksa ds eq[; dkjdRo fuEu gSa [46] %
lw;Z % {kf=; o.kZ] iq#"k] iwoZ fn'kk] vfXu ç—fr] ihyh vk¡[ksa] xgjk yky jax] flj
ij vYi ds'k] fiÙk ç—fr] O;fäRo] vkd"kZ.k] vgaoknh] jktlh] n'kZfud ç—fr] in dk çrhd] lksuk] fpfdRld] jktk oxZ] vkRek] jksxksa ls cpus dh 'kfä] Hkxoku
f'ko dh iwtk] nk;ka us=] [kqys LFkku] ioZr] ou] U;k;ky;] tulewg] fdyk vkfnA
pUæ % oS'; o.kZ] L=hÇyx] mÙkj&if'pe fn'kk] LFkwy 'kjhj] ;qok ,oa o`) nksuksa]
?kqa?kjkys cky] xksjk jax] lqanj vk¡[ksa] eu] çfrHkk] euksHkko] ekrk] lSj ds 'kkSdhu]
e`nq ok.kh] vkd"kZ.k 'kfä] b=] jl] jä&çokg] tyh; rÙo] o"kkZ] diM+s] nwèk] 'kgn]
xUuk] eksrh] —f"k] dQ ,oa ok;q jksx vkfnA
eaxy % {kf=; o.kZ] iq#"k] nf{k.k fn'kk ?kqa?kjky ,oa pedhys cky] vfXue; yky
vk¡[ksa] iryh dej] Øwj LoHkko] LorU=rk] mez esa ;qod] NksVk HkkÃ] iq#"kRo] jä
tSlk yky jax] yksd Hkk"k.k nsus okyk] j.k{ks=] lsukè;{k] vfXu LFkku] jlksÃ] baftu d{k] jkf= esa dke djus okys deZpkjh] "kMîa=] gM+rky] çcaèk {kerk] usr`Ro'kfä]
etnwjksa ds Åij usrkfxjh] ç'kklfud ;ksX;rk] iqfyl foHkkx] [kfut inkFkZ] ewaxk]
gfFk;kj] Hkwfe] f'kjkvksa vkSj èkefu;ksa dh VwV&QwV] jä&L=ko] xHkZikr] ekfld èkeZ
esa leL;k] tyuk vkfnA
cqèk % oS'; o.kZ] uiqald Çyx] mÙkj fn'kk] gkL;&fouksn dk 'kkSdhu] çfrHkk'kkyh]
okDiVq] jktdqekj] ferO;;h] iryk] gjs o.kZ dk] O;kikfjd xfrfofèk;ksa okyk] turk
dh ckr cksyus okyk] vèkhj] d‚elZ] [ksy dk eSnku] tqvk?kj] gjk puk] iUuk]
lhlk] frygu] dkO; çfrHkk] ys[ku çfrHkk] O;kikjh] Luk;q ra=] daB xzafFk] Ropk]
Lej.k 'kfä] fljnnZ] Ropk ds jksx] fexhZ vkfnA
c`gLifr % czkã.k o.kZ] iq#"k] mÙkj&iwoZ fn'kk] eksVkiu] dQ çèkku] Åaph ,oa Hkkjh vkokt+] iq#"k] 'kqHk] o`f)dkjd] jktxq#] lykgdkj] vè;kid] ihyk jax] çtuu
'kfä okyk] lPpkÃ] nk'kZfud] èkkÆed ço`fr] èku] ;'k] larku] f'k{kk] cSad vkSj chek] vkdk'kh; rÙo] ikjk] Kku] foosd] dks"k] iq[kjkt vkfnA
'kqØ % czkã.k o.kZ] L=hÇyx] nf{k.k&iwoZ fn'kk] dkys ?kqa?kjkys cky] [kku&iku dk
'kkSd+hu] Hkksxh] fefJr jax] iRuh] çse lacaèk] ikfjokfjd vkuan] thou 'kfä] eks{k]
tyh; rÙo] vkd"kZd :i&jax] oSokfgd lq[k] u`R; d{k] okgu] O;kikj] flYd]
js'keh rFkk lwrh diM+k] ,s'o;Z dh oLrq,¡] b=] laxhr] ok| ;a= vkfnA
'kfu % 'kwæ o.kZ] uiqald Çyx] if'pe fn'kk] l[r ds'k] cM+s vax] dkyk jax]
vfM+;y] uSfrd iru dk |ksrd] ok;q lacaèkh jksx] grk'k] fujk'kk] tqvk] cq<+kik]
xans LFkku] yksgk] peM+k] uhye] tsy] dkyk puk] rsy] nkar] ekalisf'k;k¡] dykÃ]
iSj vkfnA
jkgq % fuEu o.kZ] EysPN] nf{k.k&if'pe fn'kk] fL=;ksfpr] Hkz"Vkpkj] laØked jksx]
Hkze] dQ ç—fr] xank] HkkSfrdoknh] fons'k ;k=k] "kMîa= djus okyk vkfnA
dsrq % fuEu o.kZ] 'kwæ] èkq,a tSlk jax] vyx djokus okyk] vkè;kfRedrk] ?keaMh]
LokFkÊ] ra= fo|k] vkarfjd dhM+s] laØked jksx vkfnA
jkf'k ds Lokeh dks Hkkos'k ;k jkf'k&vfèkifr dgrs gSaA
lkjkoyh ds jfp;rk dY;k.k oekZ us dgk gS %
“HkoukfèkiS% leLra tkrdfofgra fofpUr;sUefreku~ A ,fHkÆouk u 'kD;a inefi xUrqa egk'kkL=s AA” [47]
vFkkZr~ cqf)eku ¼T;ksfr"kh½ dks gksjk'kkL= esa fofgr leLr Qykns'k dk Hkko ds
Lokeh ds }kjk vkdyu djuk pkfg, D;ksafd Hkko&Lokeh ds fcuk bl T;ksfr"k
'kkL= ¼egk'kkL=½ e ,d dne pyuk Hkh laHko ugÈ gSA
lHkh T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa us fuÆookn :i ls fuEufyf[kr xzgksa dk jkf'k;ksa dk Lokeh
ekuk gS % “HkkSe% 'kqØcqèksUnqlw;Z'kf'ktk% 'kqØkjthokdZtk% A
eUnks nsoxq#% Øes.k dfFkrk es"kkfnjk'kh'ojk%AA” [48]
vFkkZr~ eaxy ¼es"k½] 'kqØ ¼o`"kHk½] cqèk ¼feFkqu½] pUæ ¼ddZ½] lw;Z ¼Çlg½] cqèk ¼dU;k½]
'kqØ ¼rqyk½] eaxy ¼o`f'pd½] c`gLifr ¼èkuq½] 'kfu ¼edj½] 'kfu ¼dqEHk½] c`gLifr
¼ehu½ es"kkfn jkf'k;ksa ds vf/kifr gSaA
2-11 dkjd xzg
egf"kZ ijk'kj us çR;sd Hkko dk ,d dkjd xzg dgk gS] ijUrq vU; _f"k;ksa us
pkSFks] NBs] nlosa vkSj X;kgjosa Hkko ds ,d ls vfèkd dkjd xzg dgs gSaA lHkh
dkjd xzgk dks fuEu :i ls lkj.khc) fd;k x;k gS [49] [50] [51]A
rkfydk 1 % xzgksa ds dkjdRo
Hkko dkjd xzg
I lw;Z
II c`gLifr
III eaxy
IV pUæ vkSj cqèk
V c`gLifr
VI eaxy vkSj 'kfu
VII 'kqØ
VIII 'kfu
IX lw; vkSj c`gLifr
X lw;Z] cqèk] c`gLifr vkSj 'kfu
XI c`gLifr
XII 'kfu
egf"kZ ijk'kj dh rqyuk esa vU; _f"k;ksa us dqN Hkkoksa ds fy, ,d ls vfèkd dkjd
xzgksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA ;s vfèkd dkjd xzg mijksä rkfydk esa js[kkafdr fd;s
x, gSa] tSls& prqFkZ Hkko ds fy, cqèk] "k"B Hkko ds fy, 'kfu] uoe Hkko ds fy, lw;Z vkSj n'ke Hkko ds fy, cqèk] c`gLifr vkSj 'kfuA
xzgksa ds mPp vkSj uhp LFkku ,oa va'k fuEu gSa [52] [53] %
rkfydk 2 % xzgksa dh mPp ,oa uhp jkf'k;k¡
xzgksa ds ewy&f=dks.k dh vkSj Lojkf'k dh fLFkfr;k¡ fuEu gSa [54] [55]
rkfydk 3 % xzgksa dh ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k;k¡
egf"kZ ijk'kj us n'kkQykè;k; us vuqlkj jkgq o`"k esa mPp] feFkqu esa ewy&f=dks.k
vkSj dqEHk esa Lojkf'k gksrk gSA dsrq dh mPp ,oa ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k o`f'pd vkSj
Lojkf'k feFkqu gksrh gS [56]A
2-13 xzgksa dh vLr&voLFkk
viuh xfr ls Hkze.k djrs gq, pUækfn xzg tc lw;Z fdj.kksa esa fueXu gksdj fn[kuk
can gks tkrs gSa rks vLr dgykrs gSa [57]A lw;Zfl)kar ds vuqlkj fofHkUu xzg lw;Z
ls fuEu nwjh rd gksus ls vLr gksrs gSa [58] %
rkfydk 4 % xzgksa dh vLr voLFkk
xzg lw;Z ls nwjh ¼ekxÊ xfr½ lw;Z ls nwjh ¼oØh xfr½
çR;sd frfFk 12° dh gksrh gS [59]A tc lw;Z vkSj pUæ ds eè; 12° dk varj gksrk
gS rks fl)kar ds vuqlkj pUæ dks vLr dgk tkrk gS] ijUrq T;ksfr"k esa pUæ dks
vLr ekuus dk çpyu ugÈ gS D;ksafd pUæ i`Foh dk Hkze.k djrk gS tcfd vU; xzg lw;Z dkA
2-14 uSlÆxd fe=rk] lerk vkSj 'k=qrk
çR;sd xzg dh ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k ls 2js] 4Fks] 5osa] 8osa] 9os vkSj 12osa Hkko dh jkf'k ds Lokeh vkSj xzg dh mPp jkf'k ds Lokeh ml xzg ds fe= vkSj 'ks"k Hkkoksa ds Lokeh xzg ds 'k=q gksrs gSaA ftu xzgksa esa nksuksa y{k.k gksa os le gksrs gSaA bl çdkj
xzgksa dh uSlÆxd fe=] le vkSj 'k=q le>us pkfg, [60] [61] [62]A
rkfydk 5 % xzgksa dh uSlÆxd fe=rk] lerk vkSj 'k=qrk
xzg fe= 'k=q rVLFk
lw;Z pUæ] eaxy] c`gLifr 'kqØ] 'kfu cqèk
pUæ lw;Z] cqèk eaxy] c`gLifr] 'kqØ] 'kfu
eaxy lw;Z] pUæ] c`gLifr cqèk 'kqØ] 'kfu
cqèk lw;Z] 'kqØ pUæ eaxy] c`gLifr] 'kfu
c`gLifr lw;Z] pUæ] eaxy cqèk] 'kqØ 'kfu
'kqØ cqèk] 'kfu lw;Z] pUæ eaxy] c`gLifr
'kfu cqèk] 'kqØ lw;Z] pUæ] eaxy c`gLifr
jkgq@dsrq cqèk] 'kqØ] 'kfu lw;Z] pUæ] c`gLifr eaxy
2-15 'kqHkk'kqHk xzg
“r=kdZ'kfuHkwiq=k% {kh.ksUnqjkgqdsro% A Øwjk% 'ks"kxzgk lkSE;k% Øwj% Øwj;qrks cqèk% AA” [63]
vFkkZr~ lw;Z] 'kfu] eaxy] {kh.k pUæ] jkgq] dsrq ;s Øwj xzg vkSj 'ks"k ¼lcy pUæ] cqèk] c`gLifr] 'kqؽ lkSE; xzg gSaA Øwj xzg ds lkFk gksus ls cqèk Øwj gksrk gSA
pUæek dks 'kqDy i{k dh v"Veh ls —".k i{k dh lIreh rd 'kqHk ekuk tkrk gS [64]A
2-16 'kqHkk'kqHk Hkko “nq%LFkkue"VefjiqO;;Hkkoekgq% lqLFkkueU;Hkoua 'kqHkna çfn"Ve~A” [65]
vFkkZr~ 6] 8] 12 Hkko v'kqHk vkSj 'ks"k Hkko ¼1] 4] 7] 10] 5] 9] 2] 3] 11½ 'kqHk gSaA
2-17 pjkfn jkf'k;k¡
jkf'k;ksa dk pjkfn oxÊdj.k fuEu gS [66] [67] %
o pj % es"k] ddZ] rqyk vkSj edjA
o fLFkj % o`"kHk] Çlg] o`f'pd vkSj dqEHkA
o f}LoHkko % feFkqu] dU;k] èkuq vkSj ehuA
2-18 'kh"kksZn; vkfn jkf'k;k¡
mn; ds vkèkkj ij jkf'k;ksa dk oxÊdj.k fuEu gS [68] %
o 'kh"kksZn; % feFkqu] Çlg] dU;k] rqyk] o`f'pd vkSj dqEHkA
o i`"Bksn; % es"k] o`"kHk] ddZ] èkuq vkSj edj A
o mHk;ksn; % ehuA
_f"k eU=s”oj us feFkqu jkf'k dks mHk;ksn; ekuk gS [69]A
2-19 jkf'k;ksa ds rRo
rRoksa ds vkèkkj jkf'k;ksa dk fuEu oxÊdj.k gS [70] %
o vfXu rRo % es"k] Çlg vkSj èkuqA
o i`Foh rRo % o`"k] dU;k vkSj edjA
o ok;q rRo % feFkqu] rqyk vkSj dqEHkA
o ty rRo % ddZ] o`f'pd vkSj ehuA
2-20 dsUækfn Hkko
lHkh T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa us fuÆookn :i ls dsUæ&f=dks.k Hkkoksa dk oxÊdj.k fuEu
:i ls fd;k x;k gS [71] [72]
o dsUæ Hkko % I, IV, VII, X
o f=dks.k Hkko % V, IX
2-21 –f"V
lHkh T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa ds vuqlkj xzgksa dh iw.kZ –f"V;k¡ fuEu gSa [73] [74] %
rkfydk 6 % xzgksa dh –f"V;k¡
2-22 lEcUèk
Hkkos'k dk Hkkos'k ls lEcUèk % ;ksxksa ds fuÆer gksus d fy, Hkkos'kksa ds eè; lEcUèk
cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA _f"k eU=s'oj }kjk oÆ.kr ik¡p lEcUèk bl çdkj gSa % “jk'kkS fLFkfrÆeFkks ;ksxks –f"V% dsUæs"kq lafLFkfr% A
f=dks.ks ok fLFkfr% i¥~pçdkjks cUèk Ãfjr%AA” [75]
vFkkZr~ Hkkos'kksa ds eè; lEcUèk ik¡p çdkj dk gksrk gS
1- ijLij LFkku ifjorZuA
2- ijLij ;qfrA
3- ijLij iw.kZ –f"VA
4- tc nksuksa dsUæ Hkkoksa esa gksaA
5- tc nksuksa f=dks.k Hkkoksa esa gksaA
c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ds vuqlkj dsUæs'k vkSj f=dks.ks'k ds eè; pkj çdkj ls
lEcUèk LFkkfir gksrk gS& ;qfr] LFkku ifjorZu] nksuksa esa ls dksà nwljs ds LFkku esa gks vkSj ijLij iw.kZ –f"VA [76]
jkgq vkSj dsrq ;s nksuksa ftl Hkkos'k ds lkFk rFkk ftl Hkko esa jgrs gSa rnuqlkj gh
Qy nsrs gSa [77]A
xzg dk Hkko ls lEcUèk % bl 'kksèk&çcUèk esa dqN çes; xzg vkSj Hkko ds eè;
fufeZr lEcU/kksa ij vkèkkfjr gSaA xzg vkSj Hkko ds eè; lEcUèk LFkkfir gksrk gS
;fn Hkko dk LokfeRo xzg dk gks] xzg dh fLFkfr ml Hkko esa gks ;k xzg dh ml
Hkko ij iw.kZ –f"V gksA
2-23 u{k=
360° ds HkpØ esa 27 u{k= gksrs gSa vkSj çR;sd u{k= dk eku 13°20* gksrk gS
[78]A u{k= rkfydk fuEu gS %
rkfydk 7 % u{k= rkfydk
Øe u{k= Øe u{k= Øe u{k=
1 vf”ouh 10 e?kk 19 ewy
2 Hkj.kh 11 iwokZQkYxquh 20 iwokZvk"kk<+k
3 —frdk 12 mÙkjkQkYxquh 21 mÙkjkvk"kk<+k
4 jksfg.kh
5 e`xf'kjk
gLr
fp=k
Jo.k
?kfu"Bk
6 vkæk 15 Lokfr 24 'krfHk"kk
7 iquoZlq 16 fo'kk[kk 25 iwokZHkkæin
8 iq"; 17 vuqjkèkk 26 mÙkjkHkkæin
9 v'ys"kk 18 T;s"Bk 27 jsorh
[1] vkIVs] okeu f'kojke- ¼2012½- laL—r&fgUnh dks'k - i`- 411- ¼jkf"Vª; laL—r laLFkku½- uà fnYyh% ukx ifCy'klZA
[2] frokjh] mekdkUr- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1- i`- 10- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
[3] f}osnh] Hkkstjkt- ¼2018½- vkpk;Z ojkgfefgj dk T;ksfr"k esa ;ksxnku- i`- 17&18- uÃ
fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[4] 'kkL=h] usehpUæ- ¼1966½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k ¼i`- 3½- dydÙkk] if'pe caxky% Hkkjrh; KkuihB çdk'kuA
[5] 'kekZ] y- u- ¼2013½- T;ksfr"k çnhi ¼i`- 1½- uà fnYyh % ;wfud‚uZ cqDlA
[6] jkenSoK- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1- i`- 10- ¼mekdkUr frokjh] O;k[;kdkj½- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
[7] osnO;kl- ¼1997½- JhHkkxor&lqèkklkxj % LdUèk 1] vè;k; 3] i`- 49- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çsl-
[8] Nambudari. (2010). Prasana Marga : Part 1, Chapter 1, pg. 8. (Venkata Raman, Translator)
New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
[9]-[10] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 202- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[11] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 216] 225- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[12] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 215&254- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj
çns'k% xhrk çslA
[13] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 255- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[14] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 262- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[15] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn] i`- 394- mÙkj çns'k] xksj[kiqj% xhrk çslA
[16] HkkLdjkpk;Z- ¼1926½- fl)kar&f'kjksef.k % xf.krkè;k;] i`- 11- ¼fxfjtk çlkn f}osnh] O;k[;kdkj½ mÙkj çns'k] y[kuÅ% uoyfd'kksj çslA
[17] Nambudari. (2010). Prasana Marga : Part 1, Chapter 1, pg. 8. (Venkata Raman, Translator) New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
[18] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjnlafgrk % vè;k; 1] i`- 1&2- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[19] ojkgfefgj- ¼1997½- c`gRlafgrk % miu;ukè;k;%] i`- 3- ¼vP;qrkuUn >k] O;k[;kdkj½ okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkouA
[20] yxèk- ¼2014½- osnkaxT;ksfr"ke~- i`- 239- ¼f'kojkt vkpk;Z dkSf.MUU;k;u] Vhdkdkj½okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkou~A
[21] HkkLdjkpk;Z- ¼1926½- fl)kar&f'kjksef.k % xf.krkè;k;] i`- 11- ¼fxfjtk çlkn f}osnh]
O;k[;kdkj½- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% uoyfd'kksj çslA
[22] Nambudari. (2010). Prasana Marga : Part 1, Chapter 1, pg. 8. (Venkata Raman, Translator) New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
[23] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj] vè;k; 2] i`- 2½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[24] çlkn] xksj[k- ¼1956½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k dk bfrgkl- i`- 1- mÙkj çns'k ljdkj% çdk'ku C;wjksA
[25] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj] vè;k; 2] i`- 3½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[26] ojkgfefgj- ¼1997½- c`gRlafgrk % lkaoRljlw=kè;k;%] i`- 9- ¼vP;qrkuUn >k] O;k[;kdkj½ okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkouA
[27] ujÇlg- ¼2001½- tkrd lkjnhi- i`- 3 ¼pUæ'ks[kj] Vhdkdkj½- psUuÃ] rfeyukMq% eækl xouZesaV vksfj,.Vy lhjhtA
[28] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 27] i`- 307- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[29] ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gRlafgrk] lkaoRljlw=kè;k;] i`- 15- ¼i- v- >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh]
mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkouA
[30] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~] Li"Vcykè;k;] i`- 96&97- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[31] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~] tk;kHkkoQykè;k;] i`- 59- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[32] mikè;k;] cynso vkSj jFk] Jhfuokl vkSj ik.Ms;] jkepUæ- ¼2012½- laL—r&ok³~e; dk c`gn bfrgkl] "kksM'k [k.M] i`- 16- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% mÙkj çns'k laL—r laLFkkuA
[33] nhf{kr] 'kadj cky—".k- ¼1975½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] fgUnh lfefr xzUFkekyk&9] i`- 17] 92] 208- ¼f'koukFk >kj[k.Mh] vuqoknd½- mÙkj çns'k% fgUnh lfefr] mÙkj çns'k 'kkluA
[34] nhf{kr] 'kadj cky—".k- ¼1975½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] fgUnh lfefr xzUFkekyk&9] i`- 19¼f'koukFk >kj[k.Mh] vuqoknd½- mÙkj çns'k% fgUnh lfefr] mÙkj çns'k 'kkluA
[35] mikè;k;] cynso vkSj jFk] Jhfuokl vkSj ik.Ms;] jkepUæ- ¼2012½- laL—r&ok³~e; dk c`gn bfrgkl] "kksM'k [k.M] i`- 20&21- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% mÙkj çns'k laL—r laLFkkuA
[36] jkenSoK- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1] i`- 16- ¼mekdkUr frokjh] O;k[;kdkj½- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
[37] nhf{kr] 'kadj cky—".k- ¼1975½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] fgUnh lfefr xzUFkekyk&9] i`- 92¼f'koukFk >kj[k.Mh] vuqoknd½- mÙkj çns'k% fgUnh lfefr] mÙkj çns'k 'kkluA
[38] çlkn] xksj[k- ¼1956½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k dk bfrgkl- i`- 37- mÙkj çns'k ljdkj% çdk'ku C;wjksA
[39] mikè;k;] cynso vkSj jFk] Jhfuokl vkSj ik.Ms;] jkepUæ- ¼2012½- laL—r&ok³~e; dk c`gn bfrgkl] "kksM'k [k.M] i`- 17&36- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% mÙkj çns'k laL—r laLFkkuA
[40] jkenSoK- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1] i`- 17- ¼mekdkUr frokjh] O;k[;kdkj½- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
[41] jkenSoK- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1] i`- 17- ¼mekdkUr frokjh] O;k[;kdkj½- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
[42] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk jkf'kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 12- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[43] O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- okeuiqjk.k % vè;k; 5] i`- 19&22- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
[44] dqekj] eukst vkSj vxzoky lq'khy- ¼2016½- çkjafHkd Qfyr T;ksfr"k] vè;k; 3] i`- 66&72uà fnYyh% vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
[45] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 5- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[46] dqekj] eukst vkSj vxzoky lq'khy- ¼2016½- çkjafHkd Qfyr T;ksfr"k] vè;k; 3] i`116&122- uà fnYyh% vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
[47] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- vè;k; 3] i`- 7- ¼eqjyhèkj prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[48] eU=s'oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 1] i`- 6- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[49] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 111- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[50] oS|ukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr % çFke [k.M] xzg:ixq.kkè;k;] i`- 78- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh % jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[51] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 15] i`-219- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[52] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 9- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlkn-
[53] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 1] i`- 7- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh%
vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[54] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 9- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlkn-
[55] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 1] i`- 7- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh%
vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[56] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 5- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[57] Kumar, Manoj and Agarwal, Sushil. (2018). Principles of Astronomy & Mathematical Astrology, Chapter 3, pp 86. New Delhi : Sagar Publications.
[58] jaxukFk- ¼2012½- lw;Zfl)kUr% % mn;kLrkf/kdkj] i`- 246&247- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck ifCyds'kUlA
[59] tks'kh] ds- ds- ¼2011½- eqgwrZ ijEijkxr ,oa vkèkqfud] eqgwrZ ds vkèkkjHkwr vax] i- 3- uà fnYyh% lkxj ifCyds'kUlA
[60] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 56- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[61] oS|ukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr] i`- 74- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[62] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 2] i`- 25] 37- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[63] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % vFk xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;] i`- 6- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[64] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- prqFkZ vè;k;] i`- 17- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[65] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- vè;k; 1] i`- 15- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[66] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- xzgxq.kLo:ikè;k;- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ¼i`- 15½- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[67] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- vè;k; 3- lkjkoyh ¼i`- 17½- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[68] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- jkf'k Lo:ikè;k;- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ¼i`- 15&17½- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[69] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- vè;k; 1- Qynhfidk ¼i`- 10½- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[70] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- jkf'k Lo:ikè;k;- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ¼i`- 15&17½- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[71] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- r`rh; vè;k;] i`- 12- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[72] 'kekZ] os³~dVs'k- ¼2013½- lokZFkZ Çprkef.k- çFke vè;k;] i`- 17- ¼xq#çlkn xkSM+] Vhdkdkj½okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh çdk'kuA
[73] oS|ukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr % çFke [k.M] xzg:ixq.kkè;k;] i`- 69&70- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[74] vxzoky] lq'khy- ¼2019½- y?kq ikjk'kjh % laKkè;k;] i`- 9&10- uà fnYyh % lkxj ifCyds'kUlA
[75] eU=s”oj- ¼2010½- Qynhfidk] vè;k; HkkofpUrk] i`- 305- ¼xksis'k dqekj vks>k] Vhdkdkj½uà fnYyh % eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[76] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % ;ksxdkjdkè;k;] i`- 122&124- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[77] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % ;ksxdkjdkè;k;] i`- 124- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[78] diwj] nhid- ¼2012½- [kxksy ,oa xf.kr T;ksfr"k % Ço'kksÙkjh n'kk] i`- 221- uà fnYyh% fouhrk diwj ifCy'klZ ,aM cqd lSyslZA
çkphu _f"k&egÆ"k;ksa us vuojr ri&lkèkuk vkSj vuqHko ds vkèkkj ij
tu&lkekU; ds ekxZn'kZu gsrq vusd T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa dks fyfic) fd;kA vk"kZ
T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa O;olk;h cuus ds cgqr de lw=ksa dk o.kZu gSA fdlh&fdlh
xzUFk] tSl mÙkj dkyke`r] esa rks O;olk;h cuus dk ,d Hkh lw= oÆ.kr ugÈ gSA
laHkor% T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa ds jpuk dky esa ;g fo"k; bruk egÙoiw.kZ ugÈ jgk
gksxkA le; ds lkFk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cnyrh gSa vkSj cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k
tkrd ds }kjk iwNs tkus okys ç'u Hkh cnyrs gSaA
vkèkqfud ifjçs{; esa ^O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½* ,d egÙoiw.kZ
T;ksfr"kh; fo"k; gS] ftldk lVhd mÙkj nsuk ,d tfVy vkSj vulqy>h çfØ;k
gSA bl tfVy çfØ;k dks lqy>kus dk ç;kl gh bl 'kksèk dk fo"k; gSA vk"kZ
T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa vkSj vkèkqfud T;ksfr"kh; iqLrdksa esa O;olk;h cuus ds fuEu ;ksxksa
dk o.kZu gS %
3-1 T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dk lkfgR;
3-1-1 c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~
egÆ"k ijk'kj us c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa
dk o.kZu fd;k gS [1] %
o n'kes'k ;fn 'kqHk xzgksa ds lkFk 'kqHk LFkku esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks
jktnjckj vkSj O;kikj esa lnk ykHk gksrk gSA
o yXus'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd ykHk djus okyk] lq'khy]
fo[;kr] ;'kh vkSj cgqr mnkj gksrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lHkh çdkj ls ykHk djus
okyk] lnk m|ksxh] lEekfur vkSj ;'kLoh gksrk gSA
o r`rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Lo;a èkuktZu djus okyk] lsok djus okyk] lkglh vkSj vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku gksrk gSA
o r`rh;s'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lq[kh] vius ijkØe ls èku vtZu djus okyk vkSj nq"V fL=;ksa dks ikyus okyk gksrk gSA
o r`rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls èkuh] vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku] lkglh vkSj lsok Hkko okyk gksrk gSA
o "k"Vs'k ;fn uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd f'kyk vkSj ydM+h cspus okyk vkSj O;kikj esa mls gkfu&ykHk gksrk gSA
o lIres'k ;fn }kn'k Hkko es fLFkr gks rks tkrd oL= O;kikj ls ykHk djrk gSA
o uoes'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lnk ykHk djus okyk]
czkã.kksa dk Hkä] xq.kh vkSj iq.;&vkRek gksrk gSA
o ,dkn'ks'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lkfRod] èkuh] lq[kh] le`)]
dfo] vPNk oäk vkSj lnk ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
o ,dkn'ks'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks fuR; ykHk gksrk gS vkSj tkrd if.Mr ,oa lq[kh gksrk gSA
o }kn'ks'k ;fn v"VeLFk gks rks tkrd vfèkd ykHk djus okyk] yksxksa dk fç; oäk] eè;e vk;q dk vkSj cgqr xq.kh gksrk gSA
o xnk ;ksx esa tkrd èkuh] lnk m|ksxh] ;K djus okyk] 'kkL= vkSj laxhr
esa n{k vkSj jRu vkfn ls èkuh gksrk gSA
o okih ;ksx esa tkrd èku ,df=r djus esa prqj] èku ,oa lq[k dh fLFkjrk okyk] iq=oku] u`R; vkfn ls lq[kh jktk gksrk gSA
o dsnkj ;ksx esa tUek tkrd mnkj] —f"k dk;Z esa jr] lR; cksyus okyk] lq[kh
vkSj èkuh gksrk gSA
3-1-2 tSfeuh lw=e
tSfeuh _f"k us tSfeuh lw=e~ esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu
fd;k gS [2] %
o vkRedkjd ;fn rqyk jkf'k ds uoka'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj djrk gSA
o cqèk ;fn dkjdka'k yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj djus okyk] diM+k
cukus okyk] f'kYih gksrk gSA
o dsrq ;fn vkRedkjd ds uoka'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd gkfFk;ksa dk O;kikj djus okyk gksrk gSA
o dkjdka'k yXu ls r`rh; vkSj "k"Ve LFkku esa ;fn iki xzg fLFkr gksa rks tkrd —f"k dk;Z djus okyk gksrk gSA
o dkjdka'k yXu ls uoe LFkku esa ;fn c`gLifr fLFkr gks rks tkrd —f"k djus okyk gksrk gSA
o dkjdka'k yXu esa ;fn 'kqØ ,oa pUæ dh ;qfr gks ;k ogk¡ fLFkr 'kqØ ij pUæ dh –f"V gks rks tkrd fpfdRlk lEcUèkh jlk;uksa dk fuekZrk gksrk gSA
3-1-3 c`gTtkrde~
_f"k ojkgfefgj us c`gTtkrde~ esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gS [3] %
o lw;Z vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd ukVd vkfn dk;ks± esa ç;ksx dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa ;k 'kL=ksa ds O;kikj ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd oL=] vkHkw"k.k] J`axkj&lkexzh vkfn ds foØ; esa fuiq.k gksrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj cqèk dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o ehu jkf'k esa pUæ fLFkr gks vkSj ml ij eaxy dh –f"V gks rks tkrd 'kL= ;k yksgs dk O;olk;h gksrk gSA 'kfu dh –f"V ls tqykgk ;k oL= fuekZrk gksrk gSA
o eaxy ;fn es"k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd jktk ls lEeku ikus okyk] Hkze.k djus okyk] lsukifr] O;kikjh ;k èkuh gksrk gSA
o cqèk ;fn ddZ jkf'k esa fLFkr gk rks tkrd tyh; lalkèkuksa ls fo'ks"k ykHk dekrk gS vkSj Lotuksa dk 'k=q gksrk gSA
o ehu jkf'k esa pUæ ;fn eaxy ls –"V gks rks tkrd 'kL= ;k yksgs dk O;olk;h gksrk gSA ehu fLFkr pUæ ;fn 'kfu ls –"V gks rks tqykgk ;k oL= fuekZrk gksrk gSA
o pUæ ;fn rqyk jkf'k e fLFkr gks vkSj ml ij c`gLifr dh –f"V gks rks tkrd Lo.kZ dk O;olk;h gksrk gSA rqyk fLFkr pUæ ij ;fn 'kqØ dh –f"V gks rks O;kikjh gksrk gSA
3.1.4 lkjkoyh
_f"k dY;k.k oekZ us lkjkoyh esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu fd;k g [4] %
o lquQk ;ksx esa tkrd èkuh] vius Hkqtcy ls èku vtZu djus okyk] èkkÆed ço`fr okyk] 'kkL=ksa dk Kkrk] ;'kLoh] 'kkar] lq[kh] jktk ;k ea=h vkSj cgqr cqf)eku gksrk gSA
o ddZ jkf'kLFk lw;Z ;fn pUæ ls –"V gks rks tkrd jktk] jktk rqY;] ty ds O;kikj ls ;k O;kikj ls fLFkj èkuh vkSj Øwj LoHkko dk gksrk gSA
o feFkqu jkf'kLFk pUæ ;fn cqèk ls –"V gks rks tkrd èku dekus esa prqj]
fot;h] èkS;Zoku] jktk ;k v[kafMr vkKk nsus okyk gksrk gSA
o rqyk jkf'k esa cqèk fLFkr gks rks tkrd fp=dkjh esa yhu] fookn ilan] okDiVq]
èku dks viuh bPNk vuqlkj [kpZ djus okyk] vusd fn'kkvksa esa O;kikj djus okyk] czkã.k dk lEeku djus okyk] ns'kHkä] pkiywl vkSj 'kkfUr&ilan gksrk gSA
o cqèk ;fn 'kfu dh jkf'k ¼edj ;k dqEHk½ esa fLFkr gks vkSj pUæ ls –"V gks rks tkrd ty lalkèkuksa ls vkthfodk dekus okyk] Qwy&efnjk&dUn vkfn
dk O;kikjh vkSj cM+s 'kjhj okyk gksrk gSA
o pUæ ls lw;Z ;fn n'keLFk gks rks tkrd dks vius dk;ksaZ esa lQyrk çkIr gksrh gS] tkrd /kuh] cyoku] jktrqY; vkSj mnkj gksrk gSA
o pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z&cq/k dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd oL=&vkHkw"k.kksa dk Hkksx djus okyk] O;kikjh ;k ikuh ls vkthfodk dekus okyk gksrk gSA
o pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn eaxy vkSj 'kqØ dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd Lo.kZ&eksrh vkfn dk O;kikj vkthfodk vtZu ds fy, djrk gSA
o uoka'k dq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn feFkqu jkf'k gks rks tkrd ty O;olk; ls] C;kt ij èku nsdj] eksrh&'ka[k&ewaxk&crZu vkfn ds O;kikj ls] xf.kr
o ys[ku ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o uoka'k dq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn Çlg jkf'k gks rks tkrd ef.k tM+us ls] iRFkj ls] Lo.kZ&pk¡nh ds Ø;&foØ; ls] vUu ds O;kikj ls ;k [ksrh ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o tUedq.Myh ;k uoka'k dq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd vusd çdkj ds O;kikj ls] nqdku ls] xk;&HkSal vkfn ds O;kikj ls] ty ls mRiUu oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ls] èku&vUu&ewy ds O;kikj ls] [ksrh vkfn ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o tUedq.Myh ;k uoka'k dq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn edj jkf'k gks rks
tkrd ty O;kikj ls /kuh] o`{k vkjksi.k ls ;k jlk;u vkfn dk;ks± ls èkuh gksrk gSA
o ;fn yXu ij pUæ dh –f"V gks rks tkrd lkSHkkX;oku] cgqr prqj] èkuh]
ljy LoHkko okyk rFkk ty dk O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o tUedq.Myh dh ;k æs"dk.k dq.Myh dh yXu esa rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd
lqUnj] prqj] —".k o.kZ] O;kikjh] èkS;Zoku vkSj cqf)eku gksrk gSA
3.1.5 ekulkxjh
nSoK ekulkxj us ekulkxjh esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu
fd;k gS [5] %
o pUæ ls f}rh; Hkko esa lw;Z fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr ukSdj j[kus okyk]
;'kLoh vkSj jktekU; gksrk gSA
o pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn cqèk fLFkr gks rks èku&laifÙk] jkT; dk ykHk vkSj
egktuksa dk lax gksrk gSA
o pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd èkekZRek] cqf)eku rFkk eysPN tkfr;ksa ls èku ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
o f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z fLFkr gks rks tkrd L=h vkSj larku ls ghu] —'k 'kjhj] nhu] yky us= okyk] [k+jkc ds'k okyk] yksgs vkSj rkacs ds O;kikj ls èkuh] xzg ls ghu vkSj nq%[kh gksrk gSA
o f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd nwljksa ds èku ls èkuh] pk¡nh&lhlk vkfn O;kikj ls èkuh] yM+diu ls ;qä] nqcZy 'kjhj] vPNk oäk
vkSj cgqrksa dks vkJ; nsus okyk gksrk gSA
o uoe Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd lqUnj 'kjhj] lq[kh] nso&czkã.kksa
dk Hkä] ifo= ºzn;] vius Hkqtcy ls èku&lq[k miktZu djus okyk gksrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa dq'ky] lkglh]
vkSj iq=&L=h ls lq[kh gksrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd datwl] O;olk;h] vPNs dk;Z djus okyk] èkuh vkSj cgqr lq[k Hkksxus okyk gksrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;olk; ls ykHk djus okyk] lR; dks fNikus okyk] uhp] ck¡èk cukus okyk vkSj m|ksxh gksrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd T;ksfr"k }kjk laifÙk miktZu djus okyk] fo[;kr vkSj tu lewg dk ikyd gksrk gSA
o f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn ddZ jkf'k gks rks tkrd dks ydM+h ds O;kikj ls fo'ks"k èku dk ykHk vkSj ty esa Mwcus dk Hk; jgrk gSA
o f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn Çlg jkf'k gks rks tkrd ou ls mRiUu oLrq rFkk ou
tUrqvksa ls vius ijkØe }kjk èku dk miktZu djrk gS vkSj og èku lcds
midkj esa vkrk gSA
o f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd iRFkj] feêh] èkkU; vkfn ds
O;kikj ls cgqr ykHk djrk gSA
o tUedq.Myh ds nwljs Hkko esa ;fn /kuq jkf'k gks rks tkrd yxkrkj pyus
okys fLFkj dk;ksaZ }kjk fLFkj /ku vkSj jl ls mRiUu mRiknksa ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd esgurh] okf.kT; deZ dks djus okyk] èkeZ vkSj uhfr ls èkuktZu] lTtuksa dk fç; vkSj nwljksa ds èku dh
o`f) djus okyk gksrk gSA
o ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd fofoèk O;kikj ls ykHk djus
okyk] lkèkqvksa dh lsok vkSj viuh uezrk ls yksd esa ç'kalk vkSj lq[k dk
Hkksxh gksrk gSA
o rqyk jkf'k esa ;fn pUæ fLFkr gks rks tkrd i'kqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; djus
okyk] czkã.k vkSj nsork dk iwtu djus okyk] cgqr laifÙk] cgqr L=h vkSj
cgqr ijkØe okyk gksrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks i'kq] pk¡nh vkSj jRuksa ds
O;kikj ls ykHk gksrk gSA
o 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx ¼lw;Z ls f}rh; Hkko esa 'kfu½ gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa cqf)
j[ks] nwljs dk èku gj.k djus okyk vkSj xq# dk }s"kh gksrk gSA
3.1.6 Qynhfidk
_f"k eU=s”oj us Qynhfidk esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu
fd;k g [6] %
o ;fn rqyk yXu gks ;k rqyk jkf'k esa pUæ fLFkr gks rks tkrd nsork ,oa
czkã.k Hkä] papy] —'k 'kjhj okyk] yEck] Ø;&foØ; esa gksf'k;kj] èkS;Z okyk vkSj U;k;fç; gksrk gSA
o ;fn pUæ vkSj 'kqØ ;qfr gks rks tkrd oL= vkfn ds dk;Z esa dq'ky gksrk gSA
o ;fn n'ke Hkko esa 'kqHk xzg fLFkr gksa rks tkrd ç'kaluh; O;kikfjd dk;Z djrk gSA
3.1.7 lokZFkZ Çprkef.k
nSoK osadVs'k us lokZFkZ fpUrkef.k esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gS [7] %
o ftl uoka'k esa yXus'k fLFkr gks] mldk Lokeh ftl jkf'k esa fLFkr gks] ml
jkf'k dk Lokeh cyh gks vkSj f}rh;s'k dk fe= gksdj dsUæ] f=dks.k vFkok
Lojkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius lkeF;Z ls èku çkIr djrk gSA
o yXus'k ;fn f}rh;s'k dks –"V djrk gks rks tkrd Lo;a ds lkeF;Z ls èku dekrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ij ;fn r`rh;s'k ;k dkjd eaxy dh –f"V ;k ;qfr gks rks tkrd
Lo;a ds lkeF;Z ls èku dekrk gSA
o yXus'k ;fn cyh gks vkSj prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gks rFkk yXu esa cyh prqFksZ'k 'kqHk xzgksa ls –"V gks rks tkrd vius cy ij èku vkSj {ks= çkIr djrk gSA
3.1.8 tkrd ikfjtkr
_f"k oS|ukFk nhf{kr us tkrd ikfjtkr esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS [8] %
o e#r ;ksx esa tkrd okpky ¼cgqr vfèkd cdokl djus okyk½] cM+s ân; okyk] eksVs isV okyk] 'kkL= dks tkuus okyk] lEiUu] O;kikj dq'ky] jktk ;k jktrqY; gksrk gSA
o ;fn pUæ ,oa 'kqØ dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd ikih fopkjksa okyk vkSj Ø;&foØ; esa fuiq.k gksrk gSA
o rqyk jkf'k dk pUæ ;fn c`gLifr ls –"V gks rks tkrd Lo.kZ dk O;kikj djus okyk vkSj ;fn 'kqØ }kjk –"V gks rks O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o pUæ] eaxy vkSj 'kqØ dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSSA
o pUæ ls n'ke esa ;fn 'kqØ vkSj 'kfu gksa rks tkrd lqxaèk cspus okyk] fp=dkj] M‚DVj ;k O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o cqèk dk lEcUèk ;fn n'ke Hkko ls gks rks tkrd dh O;kikj cqf) gksrh gSA
o ;fn 11osa Hkko esa o`"k ;k rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd jRu ds O;olk; ls] L=h
dh lgk;rk ls ;k i'kq vkfn ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
3.1.9 tkrdkHkj.ke~
nSoK <qf.k<jkt us tkrdkHkj.ke~ esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gS [9] %
o tkrd ;fn of.kt dj.k esa tUek gks rks og dykvksa esa fuiq.k] galeq[k] ;'kh] Kkuh vkSj O;kikj ls /ku ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
o yXu esa rqyk jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa dq'ky vkSj vius xq.kksa ls
èku ykHk djrk gSA
o yXu ;k pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd m|ksxksa ls èku dk ykHk] cy dh o`f)] yksd esa vfèkiR;] 'kjhj esa iqf"V vkSj eu esa [k+q'kh gksrh gSA
o yXu ;k pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn c`gLifr fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks fofoèk
çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku dk ykHk vkSj jktk ls vknj feyrk gSA
o lw;Z ;fn viuh mPp jkf'k ¼es"k½] viuh jkf'k ;k viuh ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k
¼Çlg½ esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius ckgqcy ls èku vtZu djrk gSA
o ,dkn'k Hkko ls ;fn cqèk dk lEcUèk gks ;k uoka'k dq.Myh ds ,dkn'k Hkko esa cqèk dh jkf'k ¼feFkqu ;k dU;k½ gks rks tkrd dks fofoèk çdkj ds O;kikj ls] dk¡lk&ihry ,oa æO; ds O;kikj ls vkSj lkgl ls èku dh çkfIr gksrh gSA
o ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z gks rks tkrd laxhr çseh] lRdeZ esa ço`fr okyk] mÙke dhÆr okyk] cgqr èku ykHk oky vkSj jktk ls ykHk çkIr djus okyk gksrk gSA
o prqFkZ HkkoLFk pUæ tkrd dks ty&inkFkksaZ ls /ku ykHk vkSj [ksrh&L=h&okgu&larku ls lq[k çkIr gksrk gSA
o lw;Z ;fn ddZ jkf'kLFk gks vkSj pUæ }kjk –"V gks rks tkrd ty&inkFkksaZ ds O;kikj ls /kuh] jktk ;k ea=h gksrk gSA
o dqEHk jkf'k esa ;fn pUæ fLFkr gks vkSj 'kfu }kjk –"V gks rks tkrd i'kq
O;kikj vkfn ls ykHk djus okyk] nq"V L=h ls çse djus okyk vkSj èkeZ fo#) vkpj.k djus okyk gksrk gSA
o es"k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gksdj 'kfu ;fn lw;Z ls –"V gks rks tkrd
i'kq vkfn ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk djus okyk vkSj —f"k esa fuiq.k gksrk gSA
o o`"kHk ;k rqyk esa fLFkr 'kfu dks 'kqØ –"V djrk gks rks tkrd Lo.kZ] jRu
vkfn dk ykHk djus okyk] L=h ds lkFk ØhMk esa rRij] cyh vkSj jktk ls
lEeku ikus okyk gksrk gSA
o lw;Z vkSj pUæ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd iRFkj ,oa ;a= Ø;&foØ; esa dq'ky] udyh oLrq cukus okyk ¼dwV fØ;k½] vR;ar dkeh vkSj xkSjo ;qä gksrk gSA
o lw;Z vkSj 'kfu dk ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd èkkrqvksa ds O;kikj esa fuiq.k] xq.kh] èkkÆed] iq=&L=h vkfn ls lq[kh rFkk èkuh gksrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd oL= O;kikj esa dq'ky] O;luh] vPNs O;ogkj okyk] [kq'kcw vkSj vPNs oL=ksa dk çseh gksrk gSA
o eaxy vkSj cqèk dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd eYy ;q) esa fuiq.k] fL=;ksa esa fo'ks"k vklfä j[kus okyk] vkS"kfèk dk O;kikj djus okyk] Lo.kZ&yksg vkfn dh oLrq cukus okyk gksrk gSA
3-1-10 tkrdrÙoe~
nSoK egknso ikBd us tkrdrÙoe esa O;olk;h cuus ls lEcfUèkr fuEu lw=ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS [10] %
o r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn "k"Vs'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd ydM+h vkSj iRFkj ;k muls fuÆer oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ls thfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o yXu vFkok pUæ ls 10osa Hkko esa ;fn 'kfu gks rks ukSdjksa ls /ku ykHk gksrk gSA
o yXu] lw;Z ;k pUæ ls 10osa Hkko dk vf/kifr ftl jkf'k ds uoka'k esa gks mlds jkf'k'k ds vuqlkj tkrd viuh thfodk vftZr djrk gS& lw;Z gS rks ekf.kD; vkfn ds O;kikj ls] pUæek gS rks eksrh vkfn ds O;kikj ls] eaxy gS rks ghax vatu vkfn ds O;kikj ls] cq/k gS rks Qwy vkfn ds O;kikj ls]
xq# gS rks gkFkh vkfn ds O;kikj ls vkSj 'kqØ gS rks ;U= vkfn ds fuekZ.k ls
vkSj 'kfu gS rks [kku ;k —f"k lEcfU/kr O;kikj lsA
o ;fn prqFksZ'k viuh mPp jkf'k esa fLFkr gks vkSj f}rh;s'k iki xzg gksdj uhp ;k 'k=q xzg dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Hkwfe dk foØ; djus okyk gksrk gSA
o eaxy vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks gks rks tkrd O;kikj djrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko ij vusd 'kqHk xzgksa dh –f"V gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko esa cqèk fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o n'kes'k vkSj yXus'k dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o n'kes'k ;fn dsUæ esa] ,dkn'k esa vFkok f=dks.k esa fLFkr gksdj 'kqHk xzgksa ls –"V gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o yXus'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o n'kes'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa 'kqHk xzgksa ds lkFk ;qr gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd eèkqj Hkk"kh] èku vtZu djus esa prqj]
lkSHkkX;'kkyh vkSj dhÆroku gksrk gSA
3-2 vkthfodk ij vk/kqfud iqLrdsa
3-2-1 T;ksfr"k vkSj vkthfodk
LoxÊ; duZy xkSM+ ds vuqlkj O;olk;h cuus ds dqN eq[; lw= fuEu gS [11] %
o lIre Hkko ls }kn'k Hkko rd ;k n'ke Hkko ls r`rh; Hkko rd xzgksa dh
la[;k ftruh vfèkd gksxh mruk gh yXu vkSj n'ke Hkko cyh gksxk ftlls
tkrd LorU= O;olk; djus dh vksj çsfjr gksxkA
o iw.kZ ijekReka'k xzgksa & lw;Z] pUæ] eaxy vkSj jkgw & dk yXu ;k yXus'k ij
çHkko tkrd dks LorU= fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk nsrk gSA
o ;fn xkspjLFk 'kfu n'ke@n'kes'k ij çHkko Mkys rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; dh vksj mUeq[k gksrk gSA 'kfu ;fn vxkspjLFk vkSj ;ksxdkjd gks rks tkrd
igys ukSdjh djrk gS vkSj ckn esa O;olk;A
o yXu&yXus'k dk cy "k"Ve&"k"Vs'k ls vfèkd gks rks tkrd O;olk;h gksrk gSA
o r`rh; ;k r`rh;s'k dk uoe ;k uoes'k vkSj n'ke ;k n'kes'k ls lEcUèk
LFkkfir gks rks tkrd dks LorU= O;olk; dk fu.kZ; ysus dk lkgl çnku djrk gSA
o bUnq yXu ;k bUnq yXus'k cyh gks rks LorU= O;olk; dh laHkkouk,¡ vfèkd gksrh gSA
3-2-2 vkthfodk fopkj
Jh —".k dqekj ds vuqlkj O;olk;h cuus ds eq[; lw= fuEu gSa [12] %
o n'ke Hkko esa pj jkf'k ¼es"k] ddZ] rqyk ;k edj½ gks rks tkrd egÙokdka{kh]
çxfr'khy] èku ,oa ;'k ds fy, ges'kk ç;Ru'khy jgrk gS vkSj futh O;kikj }kjk ykHk çkIr djrk gSA
o es"k jkf'kLFk lw;Z n'ke Hkko e fLFkr gks rks tkrd jktusrk] m|ksxifr ;k
dk"B dk O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o ;fn uoes'k rFkk iapes'k dk lw;Z ls lEcUèk gks rks firk vkSj iq= feydj
O;olk; djrs gSaA
o yXu esa ;fn n'kes'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks LokLF;] lkfRod ço`fr] èku
o ;'k çkIr gksrk gS vkSj ,slk tkrd viuk O;olk; djrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko esa n'kes'k ;fn Lojkf'k gks rks tkrd ç'kkld] m|ksxifr] çcaèkd ;k mPpkfèkdkjh curk gSA
o ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn n'kes'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd vusd O;fä;ksa dks jkstxkj
çnku djrk gS] lekt esa çfr"Bk ikrk gS vkSj cM+k O;kikjh ;k m|ksxifr gksrk gSA
o yXus'k vkSj n'kes'k dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd vius ç;Ru ls èku vÆtr djrk gSA tkrd vkRefo”oklh] LokoyEch vkSj vkRefuHkZj gksrk gSA
o n'kes'k vkSj ,dkn'ks'k dh ;qfr ls tkrd O;kikj }kjk ykHk dekrk gSA og /ku dk fuos'k ls vfèkd ykHk dekrk gSA
o pUæ dq.Myh esa 'kqHk xzg ;fn dsUæ esa fLFkr gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; ls ykHk dekrk gSA
o pUæ vkSj c`gLifr ;k pUæ vkSj 'kqØ ;fn ijLij 2&12 ¼f}&}kn'k½ gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
o pUæ dq.Myh esa ;fn c`gLifr r`rh; Hkko esa vkSj 'kqØ ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
o cqf) dk dkjd cqèk ;fn 'kfu ;k jkgq ls –"V gks vkSj –"Vk xzg ¼'kfu ;k jkgq½ ls vfèkd cyh Hkh gks rks tkrd ukSdjh ugÈ djrkA
o lIres'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks vkSj cqèk lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o cqèk dh ;qfr ;fn f}rh;s'k ds lkFk lIre Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o cqèk ,oa 'kqØ ;fn f}rh; ;k lIre Hkko esa 'kqHk xzgksa ls –"V gksa rks tkrd
O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ;fn 'kqHk xzg dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gksdj cqèk ;k lIres'k }kjk –"V gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o cqèk ;fn mPp jkf'k ¼dU;k½ esa fLFkr gks vkSj ml ij f}rh;s'k dh –f"V gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa lQyrk çkIr djrk gSA
o f}rh;s'k ij ;fn c`gLifr dh –f"V gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o n'ke Hkko esa ;fn cqèk fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh curk gSA
o n'ke Hkko ij 'kqHk xzgksa dh –f"V gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls ykHk djrk gSA
o yXus'k vkSj n'kes'k dh ;qfr ;k ijLij LFkku&ifjorZu gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa lQyrk çkIr djrk gSA
o n'kes'k dsUæ] f=dks.k ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
o 'kqØ ;fn ,dkn'k ;k f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks vkSj r`rh; Hkko cyh gks rks tkrd dks O;kikj esa lQyrk çkIr gksrh gSA
o 'kqØ&c`gLifr ;fn ijLij dsUæ esa gks rks tkrd oL=kfn dk O;kikj djrk gSA
o lw;Z] eaxy vkSj cqèk ;fn ty rRo jkf'k esa fLFkr gksa vkSj cyh gksdj n'kes'k ds uoka'kifr ls lEcUèk fuÆer djsa rks tkrd vkS"kfèk foØsrk gksrk gSA
o eaxy vkSj lw;Z dh ;qfr gks vkSj mldk lEcUèk n'ke Hkko ls gks rks tkrd ?kM+h cspus okyk gksrk gSA
o 'kfu ;k c`gLifr ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gksa ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djsa rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z] oLrqvks ds Ø;&foØ;] ;krk;kr vFkok fuekZ.k dk;Z ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
o yXu ;k yXus'k cyh gks] 'kqHk Hkkoksa esa fLFkr gks vkSj 'kqHk xzgksa ls ;qr@–"V gks rks tkrd dks èku] eku] ;'k ds lkFk LorU= O;olk; çkIr gksrk gSA
3-3 O;olk;h cuus ds eq[; ;ksx ¼ifjdYiuk,¡½
mijksä lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k esa tks lw= eq[; :i ls vfèkd fo}kuksa }kjk fn;s x, gSa] mudks bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa çes;ksa ds :i esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA bu ifjdYiukvksa dk Hkko esa jkf'k fLFkfr] xzg dh jkf'k fLFkfr] Hkkos'k dh jkf'k fLFkfr]
Hkkos'k dh Hkko fLFkfr] Hkko&xzg lEcUèk] xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr vkSj yXu ,oa xzgksa
dh u{k= fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij oxÊdj.k fd;k x;k gSA ; ifjdYiuk,¡ fuEu gSa %
3-3-1 Hkkoksa esa jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
1. yXu esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj&dq'ky vkSj xq.kh gksus ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
2. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn ddZ jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks ydM+h ds O;kikj ls fo'ks"k èku dk ykHk gksrk gSA
3. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn Çlg jkf'k gks rks tkrd ou ls mRiUu oLrq rFkk ou tUrqvksa ls vius ijkØe }kjk èku dk miktZu djrk gSA
4. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd iRFkj] feêh] èkkU; vkfn ds O;kikj ls cgqr ykHk vÆtr djrk gSA
5. tUedq.Myh ds nwljs Hkko esa ;fn /kuq jkf'k gks rks tkrd yxkrkj pyus
okys fLFkj dk;ksaZ }kjk fLFkj /ku vkSj jl ls mRiUu mRiknksa ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
6. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd esgurh] O;kikfjd dk;Z djus okyk] èkeZ ,oa uhfr ls èku vtZu djus okyk vkSj nwljksa ds èku dh o`f) djus okyk gksrk gSA
7. tUedq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn edj jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd ty ds O;kikj ls èkuh] o`{kkjksi.k ls ;k jlk;u vkfn dk;ks± ls le`) gksrk gSA
8. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn pj jkf'k ¼es"k] ddZ] rqyk vkSj edj½ gks rks tkrd
egÙokdka{kh] mUufr djus okyk] èku&;'k ds fy, lnk ç;Ru'khy vkSj futh O;kikj }kjk ykHk ikrk gSA
9. ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd fofoèk çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
10. ;fn 11osa Hkko esa o`"k jkf'k gks rks tkrd jRu ds O;olk; ls] L=h dh lgk;rk ls ;k i'kq vkfn ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
3-3-2 xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
11. lw;Z ;fn viuh mPp jkf'k ¼es"k½] Lojkf'k ¼Çlg½ ;k ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k
¼Çlg½ esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius cy ls èkuktZu djrk gSA
12. pUæ ;fn rqyk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa dq'ky gksrk gSA
13. eaxy ;fn es"k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd jktk ls vknj ikus
okyk] Hkze.k djus okyk] lsukifr] O;kikjh ;k èkuh gksrk gSA
14. cqèk ;fn ddZ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd tyh; lalkèkuksa ls ykHk vtZu
djrk gS vkSj Lotuksa dk 'k=q gksrk gSA
15. cqèk ;fn rqyk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd fp=dkjh esa yhu] fookn fç;]
okDiVq] èku dks viuh bPNk vuqlkj [kpZ djus okyk] vusd fn'kkvksa esa
O;kikj djus okyk] czkã.k dk lEeku djus okyk] ns'kHkä] pkiywl vkSj
'kkfUr ilUn gksrk gSA
3-3-3 xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
16. lw;Z ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd yksgs vkSj rkacs ds O;kikj ls èkuh gksrk gSA
17. lw;Z ;fn n'keLFk gks rks tkrd vusd çdkj ds m|ksxksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
18. lw;Z ;fn ,dkn'k HkkoLFk gks rks tkrd laxhr çseh] lRdeZ dh ço`fr okyk]
dhÆroku] cgqr èku dk ykHk djus okyk vkSj jktk ls Hkh ykHk çkIr djus okyk gksrk gSA
19. pUæ ;fn prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd tyh; inkFkks± ls èku dk ykHk
djrk gS] [ksrh&L=h&okgu&larku ls lq[kh gksrk gS vkSj mldh nso&czkã.kksa
esa Hkfä gksrh gSA
20. ;fn yXu ij pUæ dh –f"V gks ¼pUæ ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
mldh yXu ij iw.kZ –f"V gksxh½ rks tkrd fL=;ksa ds o'k esa] lkSHkkX;'kkyh]
cgqr prqj] èkuh] ljy LoHkko rFkk ty dk O;kikjh gksrk gSA
21. cqèk ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
22. n'ke Hkko esa cqèk tkrd dks O;kikjh cukrk gSA
23. ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn cqèk fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ls èku ykHk gksrk gSA
24. c`gLifr ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djs ¼c`gLifr ;fn yXu] r`rh; ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks mldh lIre Hkko ij iw.kZ –f"V gksxh½ rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z vFkok oLrqvksa ds Ø;&foØ; ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
25. c`gLifr ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk gksrk gSA
26. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd nwljksa ds èku ls èkuh] pk¡nh&lhlk vkfn O;kikj ls èkuh] yM+diu ls ;qä] nqcZy 'kjhj] vPNk oäk vkSj cgqrksa dks vkJ; nsus okyk gksrk gSA
27. 'kqØ ;fn uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius cy ls èku&lq[k çkIr djrk gSA
28. 'kqØ ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd i'kq] pk¡nh vkSj jRuksa vkfn ds O;kikj ls ykHk djrk gSA
29. 'kfu ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djs ¼'kfu ;fn yXu] iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa gks rks mldh lIre Hkko ij iw.kZ –f"V gksrh½ rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z] oLrqvksa ds Ø;&foØ;] ;krk;kr vFkok fuekZ.k dk;Z ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
30. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kfu fLFkr gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls èku dk vkxeu gksrk gSA
3-3-5 Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
31. yXus'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
32. yXus'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd fuR; ykHk djus okyk] fo[;kr] ;'kh vkSj cgqr mnkj gksrk gSA
33. f}rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd datwl] O;olk;h] vPNs dk;Z djus okyk] èkuh vkSj cgqr lq[k Hkksxus okyk gksrk gSA
34. f}rh;s'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;olk; ls ykHk djus okyk vkSj lR; dks fNikus okyk m|ksxh gksrk gSA
35. f}rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lHkh çdkj ls ykHk djus okyk] lnk m|ksxh] ekuh vkSj ;'kLoh gksrk gSA
36. r`rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Lo;a èku vtZu djus okyk] lsok Hkko okyk] lkglh vkSj vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku gksrk gSA
37. r`rh;s'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr lq[kh vkSj vius ijkØe ls èku dekus okyk gksrk gSA
38. r`rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls èkuh] vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku] lkglh vkSj nwljksa dh lsok djus okyk gksrk gSA
39. r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn "k"Bs'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd ydM+h vkSj iRFkj ;k muls fuÆer oLrqvksa vkfn ds O;kikj ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
40. "k"Bs'k ;fn uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd iRFkj@f'kyk vkSj ydM+h cspus okyk gksrk gS vkSj mls O;kikj esa gkfu&o`f) gksrh gSA
41. lIres'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
42. lIres'k ;fn }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd oL= ds O;kikj ls ykHk
djrk gSA
43. uoes'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lnk ykHk djrk gSA
44. n'kes'k ;fn dsUæ] f=dks.k ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
45. n'kes'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks LokLF;] lkfRod ço`fr] èku o ;'k çnku djrk gS vkSj ,slk tkrd viuk O;olk; djrk gSA
46. ,dkn'ks'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lkfRod] èkuh] lq[kh] le`)] dfo] vPNk oäk vkSj fuR; ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
47. ,dkn'ks'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lc dk;ks± esa ykHk
vtZu djrk gSA
48. }kn'ks'k ;fn v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr ykHk djrk gSA
3-3-4 xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij
49. n'ke Hkko ls ;fn cqèk dk lEcUèk gks rks tkrd O;kikj cqf) okyk gksrk gSA
50. ,dkn'k Hkko ls ;fn cqèk dk lEcUèk gks rks tkrd dk vusd çdkj ls èku ykHk vkSj dkalk&ihry ,oa æO; ds O;kikj ls èku dh çkfIr gksrh gSA
3-3-6 xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
51. lw;Z vkSj pUæ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd iRFkj ;k ;a= ds Ø;&foØ; djus okyk] udyh oLrq cukus okyk] dkeh vkSj xkSjo'kkyh gksrk gSA
52. pUæ ls n”ke Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z ¼lw;Z ls prqFkZ Hkko esa pUæ½ fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd m|ksxksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
53. pUæ ls f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z ¼lw;Z ls }kn'k Hkko esa pUæ½ fLFkr gks rks
tkrd cgqr ukSdj j[kus okyk] ;'kLoh vkSj jktekU; gksrk gSA
54. lw;Z vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd ukVd vkfn dk;ks± esa ç;ksx vkus okyh oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ls ;k 'kL=ksa ds O;kikj ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
55. lw;Z vkSj 'kfu dk ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd èkkrq dk;ksZ ,oa O;kikj esa fuiq.k] xq.kh] èkkÆed] iq=&L=h vkfn ls lq[kh rFkk èkuh gksrk gSA
56. 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx ¼lw;Z ls f}rh; Hkko es 'kfua½ gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa cqf) j[ks] nwljs dk èku gj.k djus okyk vkSj xq# dk }s"kh gksrk gSA
57. pUæ vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd eèkqj Hkk"kh] èku vtZu djus esa prqj] lkSHkkX;'kkyh vkSj dhÆroku gksrk gSA
58. pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn cqèk fLFkr gks rks èku&laifÙk] jkT; dk ykHk vkSj egktuksa dk lkFk gksrk gSA
59. pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn ijLij f}&}kn'k gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
60. pUæ ls c`gLifr ;fn r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
61. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn c`gLifr fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk djrk gS vkSj mls jktk ls lnk vknj feyrk gSA
62. pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa prqj] lkglh vkSj iq=&L=h ls lq[kh gksrk gSA
63. pUæ&'kqØ ;fn ijLij f}&}kn'k gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
64. pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd èkkÆed] cqf)eku vkSj eysPN tkfr;ksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
65. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
66. pUæ ls 'kqØ ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;olk; djrk gSA
67. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kfu fLFkr gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls èku dk vkxeu gksrk gSA
68. eaxy vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
69. 'kqØ ;fn c`gLifr ls dsUæ esa gks ¼;k c`gLifr ls 'kqØ dsUæLFk gks½ rks tkrd oL=kfn dk O;kikj djrk gSA
3-3-7 yXu ,oa xzgksa dh u{k= fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
yXu rFkk xzgksa dh u{k= fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k esa O;olk;h cuus dk dksbZ lw= çkIr ugha gqvk gSA ijUrq bl vk/kkj ij lHkh vk¡dM+ksa dk vkdyu
fd;k tk,xkA
[1] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[2] tSfeuh- ¼2014½- tSfeuh lw=e~- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[3] ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[4] oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
[5] ekulkxj- ¼2008½- ekulkxjh- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
[6] Mantreshwara. (1950). Phaladeepika. (V. Subrahmanya Shastri). Karnataka, Bangalore: Aruna Press.
[7] osadVs'k- ¼2004½- lokZFkZ Çprkef.k- ¼xq# çlkn xkSj] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'kuA
[8] oSèkukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu
ifCyds'kUlA
[9] <qf.<jkt- ¼2008½- tkrdkHkj.ke~- ¼lhrkjke >k Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
[10] ikBd] egknso- ¼2014½- tkrdrÙoe~- ¼gfj'kadj ikBd] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k%
pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'kuA
[11] xkSM+] v- ds- duZy- ¼2011½- T;ksfr"k vkSj vkthfodk- uà fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'kUlA
[12] dqekj] —".k ¼2005½- vkthfodk fopkj- uà fnYyh% vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
4-1 'kks/k dk mís';
;g 'kksèk fuEu fcUnqvksa ij dsfUær jgsxk %
o jkf'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o xzgksa ds Hkkoksa ls ijLij lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx
O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o yXu vkSj xzgksa dh u{k= fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dkSu&dkSu ls lkfgfR;d ;ksx
O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls lgk;d ugh gSa \
o vkdyu fofèk oSfnd T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa ij gh vkèkkfjr gks] ijUrq vkdyu
dk {ks= foLrh.kZ gks ftlls uohu ;ksx çkIr gksus dh laHkkouk Hkh cuh jgs
tks O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa \
4-2 'kksèk vkdyu dk vkèkkj
O;olk;h cuus ds T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh çkphu lkfgR; esa deh ds fujkdj.k gsrq ;g 'kksèk ekSfyd gSA miyCèk T;ksfr"kh; lkfgR; esa çkekf.kdrk ds lkFk ;g ugÈ
dgk tk ldk gS fd fdu&fdu xzgksa] jkf'k;ksa] Hkkoksa] Hkkos'kksa vkSj u{k=ksa vkfn ls
fuÆer ;ksxksa ds vkèkkj ij tkrd esa O;olk;h cuus ds xq.k tUe ls gh fo|eku gksrs gSaA
bl fo"k; dk p;u blhfy, fd;k x;k D;ksafd ,d rks ;g fo"k; fo"k;ijd (subjective) u gksdj oLrqfu"B (objective) gS vkSj nwljk vkèkqfud ;qx esa
vfèkdrj O;fä;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus dh çcy bPNk gksrh gS] ijUrq fu.kZ; ys ikuk lnk ls gh ,d dfBu fo"k; jgk gSA ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd lq–<+ O;kolkf;d
vkèkkj gksus ij Hkh tkrd O;olk; esa vlQy gks tkrk gS vkSj fcuk fdlh
O;kolkf;d vkèkkj gksus ds ckotwn vR;Ur lQyA vFkkZr~ lkalkfjd ifjfLFkfrvksa ,oa dkj.kksa ds }kjk bldk fuèkkZj.k ugÈ gks ik jgk gS D;ksafd bldk fuèkkZj.k tUe
ls gh çkIr çkjCèk ls gksrk gS ftldk fo'ys"k.k tUedq.Myh }kjk fd;k tkuk gh
laHko gSA
bl 'kksèk&çcUèk ds ekè;e ls ç;kl fd;k x;k gS fd çpfyr lw=ksa dh
fl)rk&vfl)rk çkekf.kr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk foLr`r vkdyu }kjk uohu lw=ksa
dk fuèkkZj.k Hkh gksA vkdyu dk vkèkkj oSfnd T;ksfr"k ds çkphu mR—"V 'kkL=h; fl)karksa gh gksaA
4-3 'kksèk dk çdkj
o ;g 'kksèk vuqç;qä 'kks/k (applied research) dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS D;ksafd blesa
O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxksa dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k tk,xk tks T;ksfr"k {ks= dh ,d vkèkqfud leL;k gSA
o ;g 'kksèk fo'ys"k.kkRed 'kksèk dh Js.kh esa Hkh vkrk gS D;ksafd bl 'kksèk&çes;ksa dk vkdyu fo'ys"k.kkRed gksuk gh laHko gSA
4-4 'kksèk {ks=
'kksèk&fo"k; ÞO;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxß ij dk;Z djus esa 'kksèkdrkZ us fuEu èkkj.kkvksa dks Lohdkjk gS ftuls bl 'kksèk fo"k; dh lhek, fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSa %
o bl 'kksèk ds fy, ;g egÙoiw.kZ ugÈ gS fd tkrd vius O;olk; dk vdsyk ekfyd gS] lk>snkj gS ;k ikfjokfjd O;olk; esa dk;Zjr gSA
o bl 'kksèk ds fy, ;g egÙoiw.kZ ugÈ gS fd tkrd dk O;olk; fdl Lrj dk gSA tkrd ,d m|ksxifr gks ldrk gS] ,d NksVk nqdkunkj ;k fQj lkèkkj.k lsok, çnku djus okys O;olk; dk LokehA 'kks/k dk MkVk çkekf.kd gS vkSj tkuus okys vf/kdrj O;olk;h e/;e Js.kh ds gh gS blhfy, Hkh Lrj fudkyus ij dk;Z ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
o bl 'kksèk esa ladfyr vfèkdrj vk¡dM+s mÙkj&Hkkjrh; tkrdksa ds gSaA
o ladfyr vk¡adM+ksa esa iq#"k tkrdksa dh çèkkurk gSA
o bl 'kksèk esa tUedq.Myh ds vkèkkj ij gh vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA oxks±] Hkko&pfyr] lw;Z dq.Myh vkSj pUæ dq.Myh dks lfEefyr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
o vkdyu esa vçdkf'kr xzg ¼èkwe] ikr] xqfyd vkfn½ dks lfEefyr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
o bl 'kks/k esa frfFk ;k dj.k ds vk/kkj ij vkdyu ugha fd;k x;k gS
o vkdyu esa Hkko&cy vkSj xzg&cy dks lfEefyr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
o çse; fuèkkZj.k esa mu ;ksxksa dks ugÈ fy;k x;k gSa tks jktk] jktrqY;] u`irqY;] eqf[k;k] i`Fohifr] j{kd vkfn ds ;ksx gSaA
o tSfeuh _f"k }kjk çfrikfnr pj dkjd vkfn ds ;ksx lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k esa fy;s x, gSa] ijUrq mudks vkdyu esa lfEefyr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
4-5 'kksèk ifjlheu
;g 'kksèk dk;Z fuEu ifjlheu ds lkFk fd;k x;k gS %
o varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij T;ksfr"k dh vusd i)fr;k¡ çpfyr gSa ftlesa ls oSfnd T;ksfr"k] tks Hkkjr esa çpfyr gS] dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gSA
o oSfnd T;ksfr"k 'kkL=ksa esa mfYyf[kr dq.Myh fuekZ.k] xzg] jkf'k] dkjdRo]
LokfeRo] –f"V vkSj ;ksx vkfn dks gh vkdyu dk vkèkkj ekuk gSA
o dqy] LFkku] tkfr ;k Çyx ds vkèkkj ij dksà Hksn ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
o tgk¡ Hkh erHksn ik;k x;k] ogk¡ egÆ"k ijk'kj }kjk çfrikfnr fl)kar dk
vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gSA
4-6 'kksèk çfØ;k
4-6-1 vè;;u dk çk:i
çLrqr 'kksèk ds vè;;u ds fy, 1008 tkrdksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k
x;k gSa ftuesa ls 504 dqaMfy;k¡ (50%) O;olkf;;ksa dh vkSj 'ks"k 504 dqaMfy;k¡ (50%) ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSaA nksuksa çdkj dh dq.Mfy;ksa dk vkdyu djus ls lw= dh fo”oluh;rk vfèkd lVhd gksrh gSA
çLrqr 'kksèk esa dsoy 40 lky ;k mlls vfèkd mez ds tkrdksa dks gh lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd çFke ih<+h ds O;olkf;;ksa esa vusd ckj ns[kk x;k gS fd os dqN o"kks± dh ukSdjh ds i'pkr~ O;olk; vkjEHk djrs gSaA blh çdkj ,slk Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd O;olk; esa vlQy gksus ds ckn tkrd ukSdjh djrk gSA
4-6-2 vk¡dM+s
çLrqr 'kksèk ds vè;;u ds fy, 1008 tkrdksa dh dqaMfy;k¡ ladfyr dh xà gSA
tUedq.Myh fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d tUe frfFk] tUe LFkku vkSj tUe le; tkrd }kjk gh fn;k x;k gSA 1008 dq.Mfy;ksa esa ls 504 (50%) O;olkf;;ksa dh
vkSj 'ks"k 504 dqaMfy;k¡ ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSaA
4-6-3 vk¡dM+ksa dh çfrp;u fofèk
dq.Myh fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d tkudkjh lfgr lHkh O;olkf;;ksa dk dksà ,dy
MkVkcsl ugÈ gksrk vkSj ;g vuqeku yxkuk Hkh laHko ugÈ gS fd fo”o esa dqy fdrus O;olk;h gSaA blhfy, bl 'kksèk esa vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu (Non-Probability
Sampling) fofèk viuk;h x;h gS D;ksafd blesa çR;sd vk¡dM+s dh lfEefyr gksus dh nj dk vuqeku ugÈ yxk;k tk ldrkA
vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu esa Hkh mís';iw.kZ fun'kZu (Purposive Sampling) fofèk viuk;h x;h gS ftlesa çR;{k :i ls dsoy mUgÈ tkrdksa ds vk¡dM+s ,df=r fd;s x, gSa
tks 'kksèk&fo"k; ds varxZr gksaA
4-6-4 vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu
çR;sd 'kksèk dk egÙoiw.kZ vkèkkj vk¡dM+s gksrs gSa ftuds fo'ys"k.k ls 'kksèk çes;ksa
dh fl)rk&vfl)rk fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSA
vk¡dM+ksa ds ,d=.k ds fy, ,d iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr ç'ukoyh dks fofHkUu ekè;eksa }kjk
çlkfjr fd;k x;kA çlkj.k esa vkèkqfud rduhdksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k ftl
dkj.ko'k lHkh ç'ukofy;k¡ 'kksèkdrkZ }kjk tkudkjh çkIr gksus ds ckn Lo;a gh
Hkjh x;h gA
vk¡dM+ksa dh fo”oluh;rk ,oa oSèkrk dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu
dsoy fuEu L=ksrksa ls fd;k x;k gS %
o ifjokjtu ,oa vU; ifjfpr]
o lkFkh T;ksfr"kh vkSj
o 'kksèkdrkZ ds ikl ijke'kZ ysus vk;s tkrd ¼Loh—fr ds ckn½A
4-6-5 ç;ksx esa fy;s x, midj.k
çLrqr 'kksèk&çcUèk esa tkrdksa dh tUedq.Mfy;ksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj xf.kfr; vkdyu ds fy, ¶;wpj i‚baV çkbosV fyfeVsM ds fy;ks LVkj l‚¶Vos;j dk ç;ksx fd;k
x;k gSA bl l‚¶Vos;j esa ,u- lh- ykfgM+h v;uka'k ds vuqlkj yXu vkSj xzgksa
dh x.kuk dh x;h gSA
4-6-6 vkdyu ds fu;e
çLrqr 'kksèk&çcUèk esa oSfnd T;ksfr"kh; lkfgR; esa oÆ.kr Qykns'k i)fr dk
vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gSA Qykns'k dh blh i)fr dk vuqlj.k Hkkjr esa fd;k tkrk
gS vkSj bldk L=ksr T;ksfr"k ds 'kkL=h; xzUFk gSa] tSls & ukjn iqjk.k] lw;Z&fl)kar]
c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~] ekulkxjh] tkrdkHkj.ke] Qynhfidk] tkrd ikfjtkr]
lkjkoyh] tkrdrÙoe] y?kq ikjk'kjh] ç'uekxZ vkfnA
çLrqr 'kksèk&çcUèk esa tUedq.Mfy;ksa dk foLr`r vkdyu fd;k x;k gS vkSj tks
fl)kar ykxw fd;s x, gSa] os bl çdkj gSa& jkf'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr]
xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr] xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr] xzgksa ds
Hkkoksa ls ijLij lEcUèk ij vkèkkfjr] Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr] xzgksa dh
ijLij fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr vkSj yXu ,oa xzg dh u{k= fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjrA
4.6.7 lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k çfØ;k bl 'kksèk esa çes; dk ijh{k.k fo'ys"k.kkRed gh laHko gS blhfy, u‚u&iSjkesfVªd ijh{k.k fofèk;k¡ (Non-Parametric Testing methods) gh viuk;h xà gSaA 'kksèk&çcUèk dh lHkh tUedq.Mfy;ksa dk lkaf[;dh; çLrqfrdj.k ckj&pkVZ (Bar-Charts) }kjk
fd;k x;k gSA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k ds fy, çpfyr dkÃ&LDos;j VsLV (ChiSquare Test) }kjk lVhd fuèkkZj.k laHko ugÈ gS D;ksafd 'kksèk&çcUèk esa vk¡dM+ksa dh nks Jsf.k;k¡ gSa vkSj çR;sd Js.kh esa jkf'k] Hkko vkfn ds vkèkkj ij 12 foHkkxA bl
dkj.ko'k] ckj&pkVZ esa n'kkZ;h xà fl)rk dks fuEu xf.krh; lw= }kjk fuèkkZfjr
fd;k gS %
o çR;sd jkf'k vkSj Hkko esa mifLFkr O;olk;h vkSj ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh la[;k
dk vkSlr fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k]
o fuèkkZfjr vkSlr ls O;olk;h dk varj fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k ¼¾ d½A
o 12 ¼dqy jkf'k ;k Hkko la[;k½ dks vkSlr ls Hkkx fd;k x;k ¼¾ [k½A
o d vkSj [k dks xq.kk fd;k x;kA
bl çdkj çkIr la[;k dks ckj&pkVZ esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;fn la[;k ldkjkRed
gS vkSj 0-9 ls vfèkd gS rks ml lw= dks O;olk;h cuus esa lgk;d ekuk x;k
gS] vU;Fkk ughaA
5.1 lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k
O;olk;h cuus ds T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh çkphu lkfgR; esa deh ds fujkdj.k gsrq
O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx&fuèkkZj.k ds fy, 1008çk:iksa dks ladfyr fd;k x;k gS]
ftuesa ls 504 çk:i O;olk;h vkSj 504 çk:i ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ds gSaA 3-2 esa
oÆ.kr 69 ifjdYiukvksa dk lHkh vk¡dM+ksa ij vkdyu fd;k x;k gS vkSj fo'ys"k.k dk ifj.kke bl v/;k; esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
5.1.1 Hkkoksa esa jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
1. yXu esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj&dq'ky vkSj xq.kh gksus ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
2. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn ddZ jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks ydM+h ds O;kikj ls fo'ks"k èku dk ykHk gksrk gSA
3. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn Çlg jkf'k gks rks tkrd ou ls mRiUu oLrq rFkk ou tUrqvksa ls vius ijkØe }kjk èku dk miktZu djrk gSA
4. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd iRFkj] feêh] èkkU; vkfn ds O;kikj ls cgqr ykHk vÆtr djrk gSA
5. tUedq.Myh ds nwljs Hkko esa ;fn /kuq jkf'k gks rks tkrd yxkrkj pyus okys fLFkj dk;ksaZ }kjk fLFkj /ku vkSj jl ls mRiUu mRiknksa ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
6. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd esgurh] O;kikfjd dk;Z djus okyk] èkeZ ,oa uhfr ls èku vtZu djus okyk vkSj nwljksa ds èku dh o`f)
djus okyk gksrk gSA
7. tUedq.Myh ds n'ke Hkko esa ;fn edj jkf'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd ty ds
O;kikj ls èkuh] o`{kkjksi.k ls ;k jlk;u vkfn dk;ks± ls le`) gksrk gSA
8. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn pj jkf'k ¼es"k] ddZ] rqyk vkSj edj½ gks rks tkrd
egÙokdka{kh] mUufr djus okyk] èku&;'k ds fy, lnk ç;Ru'khy vkSj
futh O;kikj }kjk ykHk ikrk gSA
9. ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd fofoèk çdkj ds O;kikj ls
èku ykHk djrk gSA
10. ;fn 11osa Hkko esa o`"k jkf'k ;k rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd jRu ds O;olk; ls] L=h dh lgk;rk ls ;k i'kq vkfn ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
yXu esa fLFkr jkf'k ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 8 % yXu&fLFkr jkf'k;k¡
xzkQ 1 % yXu&fLFkr jkf'k;k¡
yXu esa ;fn es"k] feFkqu] edj ;k dqEHk jkf'k gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd yXu esa ;fn ddZ] o`f'pd ;k èkuq jkf'k gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
f}rh; Hkko esa ddZ ¼yXu esa feFkqu½ jkf'k] n'ke Hkko esa rqyk jkf'k ¼yXu
esa edj½ jkf'k vkSj n'ke esa edj ¼yXu esa es"k½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk,¡ 2] 6 vkSj 7 fl) gqbZaA
f}rh; Hkko esa flag ¼yXu esa ddZ½ jkf'k] f}rh; Hkko esa rqyk ¼yXu esa dU;k½
jkf'k] yXu esa rqyk jkf'k] f}rh; Hkko esa /kuq ¼yXu esa o`f'pd½ jkf'k] ,dkn'k
esa rqyk ¼yXu esa èkuq½ jkf'k vkSj ,dkn'k esa o`"k ¼yXu esa ddZ½ jkf'k gksus
dh ifjdYiuk,¡ 1] 3] 4] 5] 9 vkSj 10 fl) ugÈ gqbZaA
n'ke Hkko esa pj jkf'k ¼es"k] ddZ] rqyk ;k edj½ gksus ls tkrd O;olk;h
curk gS] ;g ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&8½ Hkh iw.kZ :i ls fl) ugÈ gksrh
D;ksafd n'ke Hkko esa dsoy rqyk ¼edj yXu½ ;k edj ¼es"k yXu½ gksus ij
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
uohu lw= ds :i esa yXu esa ;fn dqEHk jkf'k gks rks tkrd ds O;olk;h cuus fd nj vf/kd gksrh gS
L=h&iq:"k] mn; ¼'kh"kksZn;] i`"Bksn; vkSj mHk;ksn;½ vkSj rRo ds vk/kkj ij Hkh dksbZ lw= fufeZr ugha gqvkA
5.1.2 xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
11. lw;Z ;fn viuh mPp jkf'k ¼es"k½ Lojkf'k ¼Çlg½ ;k ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k esa
fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius cy ls èkuktZu djrk gSA
12. pUæ ;fn rqyk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa dq'ky gksrk gSA
13. eaxy ;fn es"k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd jktk ls vknj ikus
okyk] Hkze.k djus okyk] lsukifr] O;kikjh ;k èkuh gksrk gSA
14. cqèk ;fn ddZ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd tyh; lalkèkuksa ls ykHk vtZu
djrk gS vkSj Lotuksa dk 'k=q gksrk gSA
15. cqèk ;fn rqyk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd fp=dkjh esa yhu] fookn fç;]
okDiVq] èku dks viuh bPNk vuqlkj [kpZ djus okyk] vusd fn'kkvksa esa
O;kikj djus okyk] czkã.k dk lEeku djus okyk] ns'kHkä] pkiywl vkSj 'kkfUr ilUn gksrk gSA
O;kidrk ds –f"Vdks.k ls lHkh xzgksa dh lHkh jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k
x;k gS ftlls mijksä ifjdYiukvksa dh fl)rk dks ij[kus ds lkFk&lkFk uohu
lw= çkIr gksus dh lEHkkouk Hkh gksA
lw;Z dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 9 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 2 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
lw;Z ;fn es"k ¼mPp jkf'k½ o`"k ;k ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z ;fn Çlg ¼Lojkf'k½ ;k rqyk ¼uhp jkf'k½
esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
lw;Z dh viuh mPp&jkf'k es"k esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk&11 dk çFke
lw= fl) gqvkA
lw;Z dh viuh Lojkf'k ;k ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k Çlg esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk&11
dk f}rh; lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
uohu lw= % lw;Z ;fn o`"k ;k ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vf/kd gksrh gSA
pUæ dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 10 % pUæ dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 3 % pUæ dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
pUæ ;fn Çlg] o`f'pd ¼uhp jkf'k½ ;k edj jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ ;fn viuh mPp jkf'k o`"k] feFkqu]
Lojkf'k ddZ ;k dU;k jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
pUæ dh rqyk jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&12½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ ;fn flag] o`f'pd ;k edj jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vf/kd gksrh gSA
eaxy dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 11 % eaxy
xzkQ 4 % eaxy dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
eaxy ;fn es"k ¼Lojkf'k½] o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy ;fn ddZ ¼uhp jkf'k½] Çlg] rqyk ;k edj jkf'k ¼mPp jkf'k½ esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de
gksrh gSA
eaxy dh es"k ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'kLFk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&13 dk
çFke lw=½ fl) gqbZA
eaxy dh viuh nwljh jkf'k o`f'pd esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 13
dk f}rh; lw=½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % eaxy ;fn o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, % rkfydk 12 % cqèk dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
o`"k feFkqu ddZ Çlg
xzkQ 5 % cqèk dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
cqèk ;fn es"k ;k feFkqu ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk ;fn Çlg ;k rqyk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
cqèk dh ddZ jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 14½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
cqèk dh rqyk jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 15½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % cq/k ;fn es"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vf/kd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 13 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 6 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
c`gLifr ;fn es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk ;k ehu ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr ;fn ddZ
¼mPp jkf'k½] Çlg] dU;k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % c`gLifr ;fn es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk ;k ehu ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa
fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 14 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 7 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
'kqØ ;fn es"k] o`"k ¼Lojkf'k½] feFkqu] èkuq ;k dqEHk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kqØ ;fn ddZ] Çlg] dU;k ¼uhp jkf'k½] rqyk ¼Lojkf'k½ ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % 'kqØ ;fn es"k] o`"k ¼Lojkf'k½] feFkqu] èkuq ;k dqEHk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 15 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 8 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
'kfu ;fn o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ ;k dqEHk ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kfu ;fn Çlg] dU;k] rqyk
¼mPp jkf'k½] o`f'pd] èkuq] edj ¼Lojkf'k½ ;k ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gSA
uohu lw= % 'kfu ;fn o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ ;k dqEHk ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa 40 o"kZ ;k mlls vf/kd dh vk;q ds tkrdksa dks gh lfEefyr
fd;k x;k gS] vFkkZr~ 1980 ;k mlls igys ds tUesa tkrdksa dksA 1960 ls igys
Hkkjr dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk vkSj fpfdRlk ç.kkyh vYi fodflr gksus ds dkj.k bl
'kks/k&çcU/k ds vf/kdrj vk¡dM+s (88%) 1960-1980 ds e/; tUesa tkrdksa ds gh gSaA
bl vof/k esa] 'kfu viuh vkSlr 2.5 o"kZ@jkf'k xfr ls] 1960 esa edj ls xkspj
djrs gq, 1980 esa flag jkf'k rd igq¡ps FksA vr% 'kfu dh jkf'k fLFkfr ds lVhd
vkdyu ds fy, dqN o"kksaZ i'pkr~ iqu% vkdyu djuk ykHkçn jgsxk] ftlls
dU;k] rqyk] o`f'pd vkSj /kuq esa jkf'k Hkze.k ds vkSj vkf/kd vk¡dM+s
jkgq dh fofHkUu jkf'k&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq, %
rkfydk 16 % jkgq dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 9 % jkgq dh fofHkUu jkf'k;ksa esa fLFkfr
jkgq ;fn rqyk] o`f'pd ;k èkuq jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd jkgq ;fn es"k] o`"k] ddZ] Çlg ;k ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
dsrq dh fLFkfr jkgq ls lIre gksrh gS blhfy, dsrq ;fn es"k] o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd dsrq ;fn dU;k] rqyk] o`f'pd] edj ;k dqEHk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % jkgq ;fn rqyk] o`f'pd ;k èkuq jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA dsrq ;fn es"k] o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks
rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
5.1.3 xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
16. lw;Z ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd yksgs vkSj rkacs ds O;kikj ls èkuh gksrk gSA
17. lw;Z ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vusd çdkj ds m|ksxksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
18. lw;Z ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd laxhr çseh] lRdeZ dh ço`fr okyk] dhÆroku] cgqr èku dk ykHk djus okyk vkSj jktk ls Hkh ykHk çkIr djus okyk gksrk gSA
19. pUæ ;fn prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd tyh; inkFkks± ls èku dk ykHk djrk gS] [ksrh&L=h&okgu&larku ls lq[kh gksrk gS vkSj mldh nso&czkã.kksa esa Hkfä gksrh gSA
20. ;fn yXu ij pUæ dh –f"V gks ¼pUæ ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks mldh yXu ij iw.kZ –f"V gksxh½ rks tkrd fL=;ksa ds o'k esa] lkSHkkX;'kkyh] cgqr prqj] èkuh] ljy LoHkko rFkk ty dk O;kikjh gksrk gSA
21. cqèk ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
22. n'ke Hkko esa cqèk tkrd dks O;kikjh cukrk gSA
23. ,dkn'k Hkko esa cqèk fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ls èku ykHk gksrk gSA
24. c`gLifr ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djs ¼c`gLifr ;fn yXu] r`rh; ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks mldh lIre Hkko ij iw.kZ –f"V gksxh½ rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z vFkok oLrqvksa ds Ø;&foØ; ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
25. c`gLifr ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk gksrk gSA
26. f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd nwljksa ds èku ls èkuh] pk¡nh&lhlk vkfn O;kikj ls èkuh] yM+diu ls ;qä] nqcZy 'kjhj] vPNk
oäk vkSj cgqrksa dks vkJ; nsus okyk gksrk gSA
27. 'kqØ ;fn uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd vius cy ls èku&lq[k çkIr djrk gSA
28. 'kqØ ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrdi'kq] pk¡nh vkSj jRuksa vkfn ds
O;kikj ls ykHk djrk gSA
29. 'kfu ;fn lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djs ¼'kfu ;fn
yXu] iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa gks rks mldh lIre Hkko ij iw.kZ –f"V gksrh½ rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z] oLrqvksa ds Ø;&foØ;] ;krk;kr vFkok fuekZ.k dk;Z ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
30. n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kfu fLFkr gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls èku dk vkxeu gksrk gSA
O;kidrk ds –f"Vdks.k ls çR;sd xzg dh lHkh Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k
x;k gS ftlls mijksä ifjdYiukvksa dks ij[kus ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw= çkIr
gksus dh lEHkkouk Hkh jghA
lw;Z dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 17 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 10 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
lw;Z ;fn "k"B ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z ;fn çFke] r`rh; ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
lw;Z dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksu dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 16½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 17½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 18½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % lw;Z ;fn "k"B ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 18 % pUæ dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 11 % pUæ dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
pUæ ;fn lIre] n'ke] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ ;fn r`rh;] prqFkZ ;k v"Ve Hkko
fLFkr esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
pUæ dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 20½ fl) gqbZA
pUæ dh prqFkZ Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 19½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ ;fn n'ke] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 19 % eaxy dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 12 % eaxy dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
eaxy dh prqFkZ] lIre] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr esa Hkh O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy ;fn yXu] f}rh; ;k uoe Hkko esa
fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % eaxy ;fn prqFkZ] lIre] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 20 % cqèk dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 13 % cqèk dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
cqèk ;fn "k"B] lIre] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk dh çFke] r`rh; ;k ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr
esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
cqèk ds lIre Hkko esa gksus ls O;olk;h cuus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 21½
fl) gqbZA
cqèk ds n'ke Hkko esa gksus ls O;olk;h cuus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 22½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA
cqèk ds ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus ls O;olk;h cuus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 23½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % cqèk ;fn "k"B] lIre] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 21 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 14 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
c`gLifr ;fn f}rh;] prqFkZ ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr ;fn çFke] f}rh;] iape ;k }kn'k Hkko
esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ds yXu] r`rh;] lIre ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 24½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA c`gLifr ds n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh
ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 25½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % c`gLifr ;fn f}rh;] prqFkZ ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 22 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 15 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
'kqØ ;fn yXu ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kqØ ;fn f}rh;] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
'kqØ dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 26½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
'kqØ dh uoe Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 27½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
'kqØ dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 28½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % 'kqØ ;fn yXu ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSSA
'kfu dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 23 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 16 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
'kfu ;fn lIre] uoe] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kfu dh prqFkZ ;k iape Hkko&fLFkfr esa
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
'kfu dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 29 dk izFke lw=½ fl) gqbZA
'kfu dh yXu] iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj lIre dks –"V djus
dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 29 dk nwljk lw= vkSj ifjdYiuk 30½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % 'kfu ;fn uoe] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 24 % jkgq dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
xzkQ 17 % jkgq dh fofHkUu Hkkoksa esa fLFkfr
jkgq ;fn v"Ve ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd jkg dh çFke] prqFkZ] iape ;k "k"B Hkko&fLFkfr
gksus ij O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ds vkèkkj ij dg ldr gSa fd dsrq ;fn f}rh; ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd dsrq ;fn lIre] n'ke] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % jkgq ;fn v"Ve ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA dsrq ;fn f}rh;] "k"Ve ;k uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
5.1.4 Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
31. yXus'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
32. yXus'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd fuR; ykHk djus okyk]
fo[;kr] ;'kh vkSj cgqr mnkj gksrk gSA
33. f}rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd datwl] O;olk;h] vPNs dk;Z
djus okyk] èkuh vkSj cgqr lq[k Hkksxus okyk gksrk gSA
34. f}rh;s'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;olk; ls ykHk djus okyk] lR; dks fNikus okyk vkSj m|ksxh gksrk gSA
35. f}rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lHkh çdkj ls ykHk djus
okyk] lnk m|ksxh] ekuh vkSj ;'kLoh gksrk gSA
36. r`rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd Lo;a èku vtZu djus okyk] lsok
Hkko okyk] lkglh vkSj vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku gksrk gSA
37. r`rh;s'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr lq[kh vkSj vius
ijkØe ls èku dekus okyk gksrk gSA
38. r`rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls èkuh] vui<+ Hkh cqf)eku] lkglh vkSj nwljksa dh lsok djus okyk gksrk gSA
39. r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn "k"Bs'k fLFkr gks rks tkrd ydM+h vkSj iRFkj ;k muls fuÆer oLrqvksa vkfn ds O;kikj ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
40. "k"Bs'k ;fn uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd iRFkj@f'kyk vkSj ydM+h cspus okyk gksrk gS vkSj mls O;kikj esa gkfu&o`f) gksrh gSA
41. lIres'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
42. lIres'k ;fn }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd oL= ds O;kikj ls ykHk djrk gSA
43. uoes'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lnk ykHk djrk gSA
44. n'kes'k ;fn dsUæ] f=dks.k ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
45. n'kes'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks LokLF;] lkfRod ço`fr] èku
o ;'k çnku djrk gS vkSj ,slk tkrd viuk O;olk; djrk gSA
46. ,dkn'ks'k ;fn yXu esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lkfRod] èkuh] lq[kh] le`)]
dfo] vPNk oäk vkSj fuR; ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
47. ,dkn'ks'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd lc dk;ks± esa ykHk
vtZu djrk gSA
48. }kn'ks'k ;fn v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr ykHk djrk gSA
O;kidrk ds –f"Vdks.k ls çR;sd Hkkos'k dh lHkh Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k
x;k ftlls u dsoy mijksä oÆ.kr ifjdYiuk,¡ lHkh çk:iksa ij ij[kh tk lds]
cfYd uohu lw= çkIr gksus dh lEHkkouk Hkh jghA
yXus'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 25 % yXus'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 18 % yXus'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
yXus'k ;fn "k"B] lIre ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd yXus'k ;fn r`rh;] iape] uoe ;k }kn'k
Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
O;olkf;;ksa esa yXus'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk &32½ fl) gqbZA
yXus'k ds n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&31½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZ D;ksafd bldh nj ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ls dqN gh vfèkd gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % yXus'k ;fn "k"B ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
f}rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 26 % f}rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 19 % f}rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
O;olkf;;ksa esa f}rh;s'k ;fn iape] "k"B] lIre ;k v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks
rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd f}rh;s'k dh r`rh;] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko&fLFkfr esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
f}rh;s'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&33½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
f}rh;s'k dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&34½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA f}rh;s'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&35½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % f}rh;s'k ;fn iape] "k"B] lIre ;k v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks
rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
r`rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 27 % r`rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 20 % r`rh;s'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
r`rh;s'k ;fn prqFkZ ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd r`rh;s'k ;fn r`rh;] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
r`rh;s'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&36½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA r`rh;s'k dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&37½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA r`rh;s'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&38½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % r`rh;s'k ;fn prqFkZ ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
prqFksZ'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 28 % prqFksZ'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 21 % prqFksZ'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
prqFksZ'k ;fn lIre] uoe ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd prqFksZ'k ;fn f}rh;] iape ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr
gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % prqFksZ'k ;fn lIre] uoe ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
iapes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 29 % iapes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 22 % iapes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
iapes'k ;fn r`rh; ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd iapes'k prqFkZ Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % iapes'k ;fn r`rh; ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
"k"Bs'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 30 % "k"Bs'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 23 % "k"Bs'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
"k"Bs'k ;fn lIre] v"Ve ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd "k"Bs'k ;fn f}rh;] iape ;k }kn'k Hkko esa
gks rks O;olk;h cuus nj lcls de gksrh gSA
"k"Bs'k dh r`rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&39½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA "k"Bs'k dh uoe Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&40½ Hkh fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % "k"Bs'k ;fn lIre] v"Ve ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lIres'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 31 % lIres'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 24 % lIres'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lIres'k ;fn lIre] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gS] tcfd lIres'k ;fn r`rh; ;k iape Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcl de gksrh gSA
lIres'k dh }kn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&42½ fl) gqbZA
lIres'k dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&41½ fl) ugha
gqbZA
uohu lw= % lIres'k ;fn lIre] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
v"Ves'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 32 % v"Ves'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 25 % v"Ves'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
v"Ves'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd v"Ves'k ;fn prqFkZ ;k iape Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % v"Ves'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gSA
uoes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 33 % uoes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 26 % uoes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
uoes'k ;fn iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd uoes'k ;fn prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uoes'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&43½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % uoes'k ;fn iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
n'kes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 34 % n'kes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 27 % n'kes'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
n'kes'k ;fn "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS]
tcfd n'kes'k ;fn yXu ;k uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
n'kes'k dh dsUæ] f=dks.k ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk
&44½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA n'kes'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&45½
Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % n'kes'k ;fn "k"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
,dkn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 35 % ,dkn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 28 % ,dkn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
,dkn'ks'k ;fn prqFkZ] "k"B] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd ,dkn'ks'k ;fn yXu ;k uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
,dkn'ks'k dh yXu esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&46½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA ,dkn'ks'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&47½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % ,dkn'ks'k ;fn prqFkZ] "k"B] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks
rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
}kn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 36 % }kn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 29 % }kn'ks'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr
}kn'ks'k ;fn "k"B] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd }kn'ks'k ;fn iape] v"Ve] n'ke ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
}kn'ks'k dh v"Ve Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&48½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % }kn'ks'k ;fn "k"B] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
5.1.5 xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij
49. n'ke Hkko ls ;fn cqèk dk lEcUèk gks rks tkrd O;kikj cqf) okyk gksrk gSA
50. ,dkn'k Hkko ls ;fn cqèk dk lEcUèk gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ls èku dk ykHk vkSj dk¡lk&ihry ,oa æO; ds O;kikj ls èku dh çkfIr gksrh gSA
O;kidrk ds –f"Vdks.k ls çR;sd Hkko dk lHkh xzgksa ls lEcUèk ¼Hkko&fLFkfr] Hkko ij –f"V vkSj Hkko dk LokfeRo½ dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gS] ftlls mijksä oÆ.kr
ifjdYiukvksa ds lHkh çk:iksa ij ij[ks tkus ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw= çkIr gksus
dh lEHkkouk Hkh jghA
bl 'kks/k&çca/k esa egf"kZ ijk'kj dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, jkgq vkSj dsrq dh jkf'k
rFkk –f"V ugha yh x;h gSaA vr% xzg&Hkko lEcUèk esa jkgq vkSj dsrq dk vkdyu
ugha fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd ifj.kke 5-1-3 okys gh gksaxsA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds çFke Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 37 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds çFke Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 30 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds çFke Hkko ls lEcUèk
'kqØ dk lEcUèk ;fn çFke Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSSA ;g uohu lw= gSA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds f}rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 38 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds f}rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 31 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds f}rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds f}rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds r`rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 39 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds r`rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 32 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds r`rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds r`rh; Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk
dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds prqFkZ Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 40 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds prqFkZ Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 33 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds prqFkZ Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds prqFkZ Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk
dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds iape Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 41 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds iape Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 34 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds iape Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds iape Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds "k"B Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 42 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds "k"B Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 35 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds "k"B Hkko ls lEcUèk
pUæ ;k cqèk dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kqØ dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gS rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % pUæ dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA cqèk dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds lIre Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 43 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds lIre Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 36 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds lIre Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds lIre Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds v"Ve Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 44 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds v"Ve Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 37 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds v"Ve Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds v"Ve Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk
dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrk] tcfd pUæ dk lEcUèk ;fn v"Ve Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds uoe Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 45 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds uoe Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 38 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds uoe Hkko ls lEcUèk
'kfu dk lEcUèk ;fn uoe Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z vkSj pUæ dk lEcUèk ;fn uoe Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % 'kfu dk lEcUèk ;fn uoe Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 46 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 39 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
cqèk ds n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&49½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds ,dkn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 47 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds ,dkn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk
'kqØ 'kfu
xzkQ 40 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds ,dkn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk
eaxy dk lEcUèk ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd
gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk vkSj 'kqØ dk lEcUèk ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko ls gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
cqèk ds ,dkn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&50½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % eaxy dk lEcUèk ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
fofHkUu xzgksa ds }kn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 48 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds }kn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk
xzkQ 41 % fofHkUu xzgksa ds }kn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk
fdlh Hkh xzg ds }kn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
5.1.6 xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
51. lw;Z vkSj pUæ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd iRFkj ;k ;a= ds Ø;&foØ; djus okyk] udyh oLrq cukus okyk] dkeh vkSj xkSjo'kkyh gksrk gSA
52. pUæ ls n”ke Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z ¼lw;Z ls prqFkZ Hkko esa pUæ½ fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd m|ksxksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
53. pUæ ls f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn lw;Z ¼lw;Z ls }kn'k Hkko esa pUæ½ fLFkr gks rks tkrd cgqr ukSdj j[kus okyk] ;'kLoh vkSj jktekU; gksrk gSA
54. lw;Z vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd ukVd vkfn dk;ks± esa ç;ksx vkus okyh oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ls ;k 'kL=ksa ds O;kikj ls vkthfodk vtZu djrk gSA
55. lw;Z vkSj 'kfu dk ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd èkkrq dk;ksZ ,oa O;kikj esa fuiq.k] xq.kh] èkkÆed] iq=&L=h vkfn ls lq[kh rFkk èkuh gksrk gSA
56. 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx ¼lw;Z ls f}rh; Hkko es 'kfua½ gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa
cqf) j[ks] nwljs dk èku gj.k djus okyk vkSj xq# dk }s"kh gksrk gSA
57. pUæ vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd eèkqj Hkk"kh] èku vtZu djus esa prqj] lkSHkkX;'kkyh vkSj dhÆroku gksrk gSA
58. pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn cqèk fLFkr gks rks èku&laifÙk] jkT; dk ykHk
vkSj egktuksa dk lkFk gksrk gSA
59. pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn ijLij f}&}kn'k gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
60. pUæ ls c`gLifr ;fn r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
61. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn c`gLifr fLFkr gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ds O;kikj ls èku ykHk djrk gS vkSj mls jktk ls lnk vknj feyrk gSA
62. pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa prqj] lkglh vkSj iq=&L=h ls lq[kh gksrk gSA
63. pUæ&'kqØ ;fn ijLij f}&}kn'k gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
64. pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd èkkÆed] cqf)eku vkSj eysPN tkfr;ksa ls èku ykHk djrk gSA
65. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
66. pUæ ls 'kqØ ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks tkrd O;olk; djrk gSA
67. pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn 'kfu fLFkr gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls èku dk vkxeu gksrk gSA
68. eaxy vkSj cqèk dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
69. 'kqØ ;fn c`gLifr ls dsUæ esa gks ¼;k c`gLifr ls 'kqØ dsUæLFk gks½ rks tkrd oL=kfn dk O;kikj djrk gSA
mijksä ifjdYiuk,¡ xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr gSaA bl 'kksèk esa
çR;sd xzg dh lHkh xzgksa ls ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gS
ftlls mijksä ifjdYiukvksa dks ij[kus ds lkFk&lkFk u;s lw=ksa ds çkIr gksus dh
lEHkkouk Hkh jgA
lw;Z ls pUæ dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 49 % lw;Z ls pUæ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 42 % lw;Z ls pUæ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z&pUæ ;fn 7&7] 9&5 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&pUæ ;fn 2&12] 4&10] 5&9] 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
lw;Z&pUnz dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&51½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA lw;Z ls prqFkZ Hkko esa pUnz ds gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 52½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z ls }kn'k Hkko esa pUnz ds gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&53½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&pUæ ;fn 7&7] 9&5 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ls eaxy dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 50 % lw;Z ls eaxy dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 43 % lw;Z ls eaxy dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z&eaxy ;fn 8&6] 10&4 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&eaxy ;fn 2&12] 4&10] 6&8] 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&eaxy ;fn 8&6] 10&4 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 51 % lw;Z ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 44 % lw;Z ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z ls cqèk dh rhu fLFkfr;k¡ gh gksrh gS] ;qfr] 2&12 ;k 12&2A bl vkèkkj
ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx fuÆer ugÈ gksrkA
lw;Z ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 52 % lw;Z ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 45 % lw;Z ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z&c`gLifr ;fn 2&12] 4&10] 7&7 ;k 9&5 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&c`gLifr ;fn 6&8 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&c`gLifr ;fn 2&12] 4&10] 7&7 ;k 9&5 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 53 % lw;Z ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 46 % lw;Z ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z ls 'kqØ dh fLFkfr;k¡ gksrh g % 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11] 12&2 ;k
11&3A lw;Z&'kqØ ;fn 11&3 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&'kqØ dh ;qfr dk çes; ¼çes;&54½ fl) ugÈ gqvkA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&'kqØ ;fn 11&3 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 54 % lw;Z ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 47 % lw;Z ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z&'kfu ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 6&8] 7&7 ;k 11&3
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
lw;Z 'kfu dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&55½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx] vFkkZr~ lw;Z ls f}rh; Hkko esa 'kfu dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&56½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&'kfu ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkdyu ls fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 55 % lw;Z ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 48 % lw;Z ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
lw;Z&jkgq ;fn 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&jkgq ;fn 1&1] 7&7] 8&6 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq&dsrq lnSo ijLij le&lIrd gksrs gSa] blhfy, ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS
fd lw;Z&dsrq ;fn 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd lw;Z&dsrq ;fn 1&1] 2&12] 6&8 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % lw;Z&jkgq ;fn 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA lw;Z&dsrq ;fn 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls eaxy dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 56 % pUæ ls eaxy dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 49 % pUæ ls eaxy dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&eaxy ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 4&10 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&eaxy ;fn 7&7] 9&5 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % pUæ&eaxy ;fn 1&1] 2&12] 4&10 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls cqèk dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 57 % pUæ ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 50 % pUæ ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&cqèk ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 4&10]
7&7] 9&5 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa cqèk ds fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&58½ fl) gqbZA
pUæ&cqèk dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&57½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls c`gLifr dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 58 % pUæ ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 51 % pUæ ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn 2&12 ;k 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vkSlr ls vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn 5&9 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gS A
pUæ ls c`gLifr dh 2&12 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&59½
fl) gqbZA
pUæ ls c`gLifr dh 3&11 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&60½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA pUæ&c`gLifr dh 10&4 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&61½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vkSlr ls vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls 'kqØ dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 59 % pUæ ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 52 % pUæ ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&'kqØ ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&'kqØ ;fn 8&6] 9&5] 11&3 ;k 12&2
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
O;olk;h cuus ds fy, pUæ&'kqØ dh 1&1 ¼;qfr½ dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&62½ fl) gqbZA
pUæ&'kqØ dh 2 12 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&63½ fl) ugha
gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 3 11 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&64½ fl) ugha gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 10 4 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&65½ fl) ugha gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 11 3 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&66½ Hkh fl) ugha gbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ&'kqØ ;fn 5&9] 6&8 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls 'kfu dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 60 % pUæ ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 53 % pUæ ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&'kfu ;fn 5&9 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&'kfu ;fn 9&5] 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
pUæ&'kfu dh 10&4 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&67½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % pUæ&'kfu ;fn 5&9 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ls jkgq dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 61 % pUæ ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 54 % pUæ ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
pUæ&jkgq ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5] 11&3 ;k 12&2 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11 ;k 5&9
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ls dsrq ds lnSo lIre fLFkfr esa gksus ds dkj.k pUæ&dsrq ;fn 2&12]
3&11] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd pUæ&dsrq ;fn 7&7] 8&6] 9&5 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % pUæ&jkgq ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5] 11&3 ;k 12&2 gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA pUæ&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 5&9]
6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ls cqèk ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq,%
rkfydk 62 % eaxy ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 55 % eaxy ls cqèk dh Hkko&fLFkfr
eaxy&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy&cqèk ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 7&7] 8&6 ;k 11&3
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
eaxy&cqèk dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&68½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
uohu lw= % eaxy&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ls c`gLifr ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 63 % eaxy ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 56 % eaxy ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
eaxy&c`gLifr ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy&c`gLifr ;fn 5&9] 6&8 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % eaxy&c`gLifr ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ls 'kqØ ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 64 % eaxy ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 57 % eaxy ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
eaxy&'kqØ ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 4&10 ;k 7&7 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy&'kqØ ;fn 5&9] 9&5 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % eaxy&'kqØ ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 4&10 ;k 7&7 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ls 'kfu ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
xzkQ 58 % eaxy ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
eaxy&'kfu ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh
gS] tcfd eaxy&'kfu ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½ ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % eaxy&'kfu ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ls jkgq ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 66 % eaxy ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 59 % eaxy ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
eaxy&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 8&6 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 9&5 ;k 10&4
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ls dsrq lnSo lIre Hkko esa gksrk gSaA blhfy, ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS
fd eaxy&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd eaxy&dsrq ;fn 7&7] 3&11 ;k 4&10 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % eaxy&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 8&6 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA eaxy&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ls c`gLifr ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 67 % cqèk ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 60 % cqèk ls c`gLifr dh Hkko&fLFkfr
cqèk&c`gLifr ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk&c`gLifr ;fn 5&9 ;k 12&2
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % cqèk&c`gLifr ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ls 'kqØ ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 68 % cqèk ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 61 % cqèk ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
cqèk vkSj 'kqØ dh fLFkfr lw;Z ds vklikl gh gksrh gS] bl vkèkkj ij cqèk
vkSj 'kqØ ,d&nwljs ls vfèkdre 4&10 dh nwjh ij gh gks ldrs gSaA cqèk
vkSj 'kqØ dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksà ;ksx
fuÆer ugÈ gqvkA
uohu lw= % cqèk&c`gLifr ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ls 'kfu ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 69 % cqèk ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 62 % cqèk ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
cqèk&'kfu ;fn 4&10] 8&6 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk&'kfu ;fn 2&12 ;k 3&11 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
cqèk ls jkgq ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 70 % cqèk ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 63 % cqèk ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
cqèk&jkgq ;fn 2&12] 5&9 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 4&10 ;k 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ls dsrq lnSo lIre Hkko esa gksrk gSa blhfy, ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS
fd cqèk&dsrq ;fn 8&6] 11&3 ;k 6&8 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd cqèk&dsrq ;fn 9&5] 10&4 ;k 2&12 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % cqèk&jkgq ;fn 2&12] 5&9 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA cqèk&dsrq ;fn 8&6] &11&3 ;k 6&8 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ls 'kqØ ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 71 % c`gLifr ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 64 % c`gLifr ls 'kqØ dh Hkko&fLFkfr
c`gLifr&'kqØ ;fn 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr&'kqØ ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½ ;k 4&10 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ls 'kqØ dh dsUæ ¼;k 'kqØ ls c`gLifr dsUæ½ esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&69½ fl) ugÈ gqbZ D;ksafd dsUæ ds pkj Hkkoksa esa ls dsoy n'ke Hkko esa gh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gSA
uohu lw= % c`gLifr&'kqØ ;fn 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ls 'kfu ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 72 % c`gLifr ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 65 % c`gLifr ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
c`gLifr&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr&'kfu ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 8&6]
9&5] 10&4 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % c`gLifr&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ls jkgq ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 73 % c`gLifr ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 66 % c`gLifr ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
c`gLifr&jkgq ;fn 6&8] 8&6 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 7&7] 9&5 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ls dsrq lnSo lIre Hkko esa gksrk gSaA blhfy, ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS
fd c`gLifr&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 4&10 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd c`gLifr&dsrq ;fn 6&8] 8&6 ;k 10&4
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % c`gLifr&jkgq ;fn 6&8] 8&6 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA c`gLifr&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 4&10 ;k 12&2
HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA 'kqØ ls 'kfu d ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 74 % 'kqØ ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 67 % 'kqØ ls 'kfu dh Hkko&fLFkfr
'kqØ&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kqØ&'kfu ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 4&10 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % 'kqØ&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ls jkgq ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 75 % 'kqØ ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 68 % 'kqØ ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
'kqØ&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kqØ&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 7&7 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq&dsrq lnSo lIre Hkko esa gksrs gSaA blhfy, 'kqØ&dsrq ;fn 4&10] 9&5 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd
'kqØ&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 7&7 ;k 3&11 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % 'kqØ&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA 'kqØ&dsrq ;fn 4&10] 9&5 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu ls jkgq ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkdyu ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 76 % 'kfu ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
xzkQ 69 % 'kfu ls jkgq dh Hkko&fLFkfr
'kfu&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 4&10] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kfu&jkgq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12]
7&7] 10&4 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq&dsrq lnSo lIre Hkko esa gksrs gSaA blhfy, 'kfu&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 9&5]
10&4] 11&3 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] tcfd 'kfu&dsrq ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 8&6] 7&7] 4&10 ;k 6&8 HkkoLFk
gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
uohu lw= % 'kfu&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 4&10] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA 'kfu&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 9&5]
10&4] 11&3 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
5.1.7 yXu vkSj xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
yXu vkSj xzg dh u{k= fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij O;olk;h cuus dk dksbZ Hkh lw=
T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa miyC/k ugha gSA uohu lw= çkIr djus ds mís'; ls yXu vkSj
lHkh xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA
yXu dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 77 % yXu dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 70 % yXu dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
yXu ;fn vf”ouh ;k iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
yXu ;fn jksfg.kh] iquoZlq] Lokfr] fo'kk[kk] èkfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk ;k jsorh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
yXu ;fn fp=k u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj
lcls de gksrh gSA
yXu ;fn —frdk] iq";] e?kk] T;s"Bk] ewy] mÙkj&vk"kk<k ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin
u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
lw;Z dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, % rkfydk 78 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 71 % lw;Z dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
lw;Z ;fn jksfg.kh ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ;fn vkæk] e?kk] mÙkj&QkYxquh] vuqjkèkk] ewy ;k Jo.k u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ;fn iquoZlq] iwoZ&QkYxquh] fp=k] fo'kk[kk] T;s"Bk] mÙkj&vk"kk<+k ;k iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
pUæ dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 79 % pUæ dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 72 % pUæ dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
pUæ ;fn T;s"Bk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ;fn e`xf'kjk] e?kk] ewy] mÙkj&vk"kk<+k ;k Jo.k u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ;fn Hkj.kh] jksfg.kh] vkæk] iquoZlq] iq";] vk'ys"kk] mÙkj&QkYxquh]
fp=k] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k ;k 'krfHk"kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
eaxy dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 80 % eaxy dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 73 % eaxy dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
eaxy ;fn Hkj.kh] —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] iwoZ&QkYxquh] fp=k] vuqjkèkk] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k] iwoZ&Hkkæin ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ;fn e?kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
eaxy ;fn vk'ys"kk] mÙkj&QkYxquh] Lokfr] fo'kk[kk] T;s"Bk] ewy]
mÙkj&vk"kk<+k] ?kfu"Bk ;k 'krfHk"kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus
dh nj de gksrh gSA
cqèk dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 81 % cqèk dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 74 % cqèk dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
cqèk ;fn vf”ouh —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] vk'ys"kk] fp=k] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k]
mÙkj&vk"kk<+k] ?kfu"Bk ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ;fn jksfg.kh] iquoZlq] e?kk] Lokfr] fo'kk[kk] T;s"Bk] ewy] Jo.k ;k 'krfHk"kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
c`gLifr dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 82 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 75 % c`gLifr dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
c`gLifr ;fn —frdk ;k iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn vf”ouh] Hkj.kh] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] gLr] Lokfr] 'krfHk"kk ;k
jsorh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn iquoZlq ;k fo'kk[kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls
O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn iq";] vk'ys"kk] e?kk] iwoZ&QkYxquh] mÙkj&QkYxquh] fp=k]
vuqjkèkk] T;s"Bk ;k mÙkj Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus
dh nj de gksrh gSA
'kqØ dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 83 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 76 % 'kqØ dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
'kqØ ;fn jksfg.kh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ;fn vf”ouh] —frdk] vkæk] iquoZlq] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k] mÙkj&vk"kk<+k]
èkfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk ;k mÙkj Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ;fn iq";] e?kk] iwoZ&QkYxquh] fp=k] Lokfr] fo'kk[kk] vuqjkèkk] T;s"Bk] iwoZ&Hkkæin ;k jsorh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
'kfu dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 84 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 77 % 'kfu dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
'kfu ;fn —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] iquoZlq] iq";] vk'ys"kk] e?kk] èkfu"Bk ;k 'krfHk"kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu ;fn iwoZ&QkYxquh] mÙkj&QkYxquh] fp=k] ewy] mÙkj&vk"kk<+k ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
'kfu ;fn vfÜouh] gLr] Lokfr] vuqjkèkk] T;s"Bk] iwoZ&vk"kk<+k] Jo.k ;k iwoZ Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
jkgq dh fofHkUu Hkko&fLFkfr;ksa ds fuEu ifj.kke çkIr gq, %
rkfydk 85 % jkgq dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
xzkQ 78 % jkgq dh fofHkUu u{k=&fLFkfr;k¡
jkgq ;fn fo'kk[kk ;k vuqjkèkk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj Li"V :i ls vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn e`xf'kjk vkæk] gLr] fp=k] Lokfr] T;s"Bk ;k iwoZ&Hkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn vf'ouh] iq";] iwoZ&QkYxquh ;k mÙkj&QkYxquh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks
Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj lcls de gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn Hkj.kh] —frdk] jksfg.kh] iquoZlq] vk'ys"kk] e?kk] èkfu"Bk ;k mÙkj&Hkkæin
u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj de gksrh gSA
'kksèk dk ifj.kke] fu"d"kZ] miyfC/k;k¡ vkSj lq>ko
6.1 'kksèk dk ifj.kke
'kksèk dk ifj.kke fuEu jgk %
1½ yXu esa fLFkr fuEu jkf'k;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS %
rkfydk 86 % yXu&fLFkr jkf'k ls fuÆer ;ksx es"k o`"k feFkqu ddZ Çlg dU;k rqyk o`f'pd èkuq edj dqEHk ehu
yXu
2½ xzg ;fn fuEu oÆ.kr jkf'k;ksa esa gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS%
rkfydk 87 % xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
es"k o`"k feFkqu ddZ Çlg dU;k rqyk o`f'pd èkuq edj dqEHk ehu
3½ xzg ;fn fuEu oÆ.kr Hkkoksa esa gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS %
rkfydk 88 % xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
4½ Hkkos'k dh fofHkUu fuEu oÆ.kr Hkko&fLFkfr esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj ls vfèkd gksrh gS %
rkfydk 89 % Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
5½ xzg ;fn fuEu oÆ.kr Hkkoksa esa lEcUèk fuÆer djrs gSa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gS %
rkfydk 90 % xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ls fuÆer ;ksx
6½ xzgksa dh fuEu oÆ.kr ijLij fLFkfr;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj ls vfèkd gksrh
gS %
rkfydk 91 % lw;Z ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 92 % pUnz ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls
rkfydk 93 % eaxy ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
rkfydk 94 % cq/k ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx I II III IV V
rkfydk 95 % c`gLifr ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx I II
rkfydk 96 % 'kqØ ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 'kfu
rkfydk 97 % 'kfu ls vU; xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII jkgq
7½ yXu vkSj xzgksa dh fuEu oÆ.kr u{k= fLFkfr;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj ls
vfèkd gksrh gS %
rkfydk 98 % yXu vkSj xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ls fuÆer ;ksx
sorhjs
Hkkæin-m
Hkkæin-iw
'krfHk"kk
?kfu"Bk
Jo.k
vk"kk<+k-m
kvk"kk<-iw
ewy
T;s"Bk
vuqjkèkk
o'kk[kkf
Lokfr
fp=k
gLr
QkYxquh-m
QkYxquh-iw
e?kk
vk'ys"kk
iq";
vkæk iquoZlq
e`xf'kjk
jksfg.kh
Hkj.kh —frdk
6.2 'kksèk dk fu"d"kZ vkSj miyfC/k;k¡
6.2.1 Hkkoksa esa jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
f}rh; Hkko esa ddZ ¼yXu esa feFkqu½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&2½ fl) gbZA
n'ke Hkko esa rqyk jkf'k ¼yXu esa edj½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 6½ fl) gbZA
n'ke Hkko esa edj ¼yXu esa es"k½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 7½ fl) gbZA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
f}rh; Hkko esa flag ¼yXu esa ddZ½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 3½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
f}rh; Hkko esa rqyk ¼yXu esa dU;k½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 4½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
yXu esa rqyk jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 1½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
f}rh; Hkko esa /kuq ¼yXu esa o`f'pd½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk 5½ fl) ugÈ gbZA
,dkn'k esa rqyk ¼yXu esa èkuq½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 9½ fl) ugÈ gbZA
,dkn'k esa o`"k ¼yXu esa ddZ½ jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 10½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
yXu esa pj jkf'k gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 8½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
o uohu lw= %
yXu esa ;fn dqEHk jkf'k gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.2 xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
lw;Z dh viuh mPp jkf'k es"k esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&11 dk çFke lw=½ fl) gqbZA A
eaxy dh es"k ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'kLFk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&13
dk çFke lw=½ fl) gqbZA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
lw;Z dh viuh Lojkf'k ;k ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k Çlg esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&11 dk f}rh; lw=½ fl) ugÈ gbZA
pUæ dh rqyk jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&12½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
eaxy dh o`f'pd ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 13
dk f}rh; lw=½ fl) ugha gqbZA
cqèk dh ddZ jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 14½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA cqèk dh rqyk jkf'k esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 15½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
o uohu lw= %
lw;Z ;fn o`"k ;k ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ;fn Çlg] o`f'pd ¼uhp jkf'k½ ;k edj jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ;fn o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ;fn es"k ;k feFkqu ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk ;k ehu ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr
gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ;fn es"k] o`"k ¼Lojkf'k½] feFkqu] èkuq ;k dqEHk jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu ;fn o`"k] feFkqu] ddZ ;k dqEHk ¼Lojkf'k½ jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn rqyk] o`f'pd ;k èkuq jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
dsrq ;fn es"k] o`"k ;k feFkqu jkf'k esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.3 xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
pUæ dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼çes;&19½ fl) gqbZA
cqèk dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 21½ fl) gqbZA
'kfu dh lIre Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 29 dk izFke
lw=½ fl) gqbZA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
lw;Z dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksuss dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 16½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA lw;Z dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 17½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA lw;Z dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 18½
Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
pUæ dh prqFkZ Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 20½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
cqèk dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 22½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA cqèk dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 23½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
c`gLifr dh yXu] r`rh;] lIre ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 24½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA c`gLifr dh n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 25½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
'kqØ dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 26½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA 'kqØ dh uoe Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 27½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA 'kqØ dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 28½
Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
'kfu dh yXu] iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj lIre dks –"V djus
dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk 29 dk nwljk lw= vkSj ifjdYiuk 30½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
o uohu lw= %
lw;Z ;fn "k"B ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ;fn n'ke] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ;fn prqFkZ] lIre] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ;fn "k"B] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn f}rh;] prqFkZ ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ;fn yXu ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu ;fn uoe] ,dkn'k ;k }kn'k Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn v"Ve ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
dsrq ;fn f}rh; ;k "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks vfèkd O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.4 Hkkos'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
yXus'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&32½ fl)
gqbZA
lIres'k dh }kn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&42½ fl)
gqbZA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
yXus'k dh n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&31½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
f}rh;s'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&33½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA f}rh;s'k dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&34½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA f}rh;s'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&35½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
r`rh;s'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&36½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA r`rh;s'k dh n'ke Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&37½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA r`rh;s'k dg ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&38½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
"k"Bs'k dh r`rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&39½ fl) ugÈ
gqbZA "k"Bs'k dh uoe Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&40½ Hkh
fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lIres'k dh f}rh; Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&41½ fl)
ugha gqbZA
uoes'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksu dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&43½
fl) ugÈ gqbZA
n'kes'k dh dsUæ] f=dks.k ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&44½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA n'kes'k dh yXu esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk
¼ifjdYiuk&45½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
,dkn'ks'k dh yXu esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&46½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA ,dkn'ks'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&47½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
}kn'ks'k dh v"Ve Hkko esa gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&48½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
o uohu lw= %
yXus'k ;fn "k"B ;k lIre esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
f}rh;s'k ;fn iape] "k"B] lIre ;k v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
r`rh;s'k ;fn prqFkZ ;k lIre Hkko esa gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
prqFksZ'k ;fn lIre] uoe ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
iapes'k ;fn r`rh; ;k lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
"k"Bs'k ;fn lIre] v"Ve ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lIres'k ;fn lIre ;k uoe Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
v"Ves'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
uoes'k ;fn iape ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
n'kes'k ;fn "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
,dkn'ks'k ;fn prqFkZ] "k"B] v"Ve ;k n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
}kn'ks'k ;fn "k"B] uoe ;k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.5 xzg&Hkko lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ % dksà ugÈA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
cqèk dh n'ke Hkko ls lEcUèk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&49½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA cqèk dh ,dkn'k Hkko ls lEcUèk gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&50½ Hkh fl) ugÈ gqbZA
o uohu lw= %
pUæ dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA cqèk dk lEcUèk ;fn "k"B Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy dk lEcUèk ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ dk ;fn çFke Hkko ls lEcUèk LFkkfir gksrk gS rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu dk lEcUèk ;fn uoe Hkko ls gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.6 xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij %
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
pUæ ls r`rh; Hkko esa cqèk ds gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&58½ fl)
gqbZA
pUæ ls c`gLifr ds 2&12 gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&59½ fl)
gqbZA
pUæ&'kqØ dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&62½ fl) gqbZA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ %
lw;Z&pUnz dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&51½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z ls prqFkZ Hkko esa pUnz ds gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&52½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z ls }kn'k Hkko esa pUnz ds gksus dk ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&53½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z&'kqØ dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&54½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z 'kfu dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&55½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
lw;Z ls f}rh; Hkko esa 'kfu] vFkkZr~ 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&56½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
pUæ&cqèk dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&57½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
pUæ ls c`gLifr ds 3&11 gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&60½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
pUæ&c`gLifr dh 10&4 gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&61½ fl)
ugÈ gqbZA
pUæ&'kqØ dh 2 12 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&63½ fl)
ugha gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 3 11 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&64½ fl) ugha gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 10 4 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&65½ fl) ugha gqbZA pUæ&'kqØ dh 11 3 Hkko&fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&66½ Hkh fl) ugha gqbZA
pUæ&'kfu dh 10&4 gksus dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&67½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
eaxy&cqèk dh ;qfr dh ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&68½ fl) ugÈ gqbZA
c`gLifr ls 'kqØ ds dsUæ ¼;k 'kqØ ls c`gLifr dsUæ½ esa gksus dh
ifjdYiuk ¼ifjdYiuk&69½ fl) ugÈ gqbZ D;ksafd dsUæ ds pkj Hkkoksa
esa ls dsoy n'ke Hkko esa gh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gSA
o uohu lw= %
lw;Z&pUæ ;fn 7&7] 9&5 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&eaxy ;fn 8&6] 10&4 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&c`gLifr ;fn 2&12] 4&10] 7&7 ;k 9&5 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&'kqØ ;fn 11&3 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&'kfu ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&jkgq ;fn 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z&dsrq ;fn 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&eaxy ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 4&10 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&c`gLifr ;fn 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vkSlr ls vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&'kqØ ;fn 5&9] 6&8 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&'kfu ;fn 5&9 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&jkgq ;fn 4&10] 8&6] 9&5] 11&3 ;k 12&2 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&cqèk ;fn 2&12] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 10&4 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&c`gLifr ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&'kqØ ;fn 2&12] 3&11] 4&10 ;k 7&7 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&'kfu ;fn 3&11 ;k 8&6 gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 8&6 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk&c`gLifr ;fn 1&1 ¼;qfr½] 2&12] 3&11 ;k 7&7 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk&'kfu ;fn 4&10] 8&6 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk&jkgq ;fn 2&12] 5&9 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk&dsrq ;fn 8&6] &11&3 ;k 6&8 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr&'kqØ ;fn 10&4 ;k 11&3 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 4&10 ;k 5&9 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr&jkgq ;fn 6&8] 8&6 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus
dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 4&10 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ&'kfu ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 9&5 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuu dh
nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 6&8 ;k 10&4 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ&dsrq ;fn 4&10] 9&5 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu&jkgq ;fn 3&11] 4&10] 5&9] 6&8 ;k 8&6 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kfu&dsrq ;fn 2&12] 9&5] 10&4] 11&3 ;k 12&2 HkkoLFk gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.2.7 yXu vkSj xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o fl) ifjdYiuk,¡ % dksà iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr ifjdYiuk ugÈA
o vfl) ifjdYiuk,¡ % dksà iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr ifjdYiuk ugÈA
o uohu lw= %
yXu ;fn vf”ouh ;k iwokZHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V
:i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä]
yXu ;fn jksfg.kh] iquoZlq] Lokfr] fo'kk[kk] èkfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk]
iwokZHkkæin ;k jsorh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
lw;Z ;fn jksfg.kh ;k mÙkjkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä] lw;Z ;fn vkæk]
e?kk] mÙkjkQkYxquh] vuqjkèkk] ewy ;k Jo.k u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh
O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
pUæ ;fn T;s"Bk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä] pUæ ;fn e`xf'kjk] e?kk] ewy]
mÙkjkk"kk<+k ;k Jo.k u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
eaxy ;fn Hkj.kh] —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] iwoZ&QkYxquh] fp=k] vuqjkèkk]
iwoZkk"kk<+k] iwoZkHkkæin ;k mÙkjkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h
cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
cqèk ;fn vf”ouh —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] vk'ys"kk] fp=k] iwoZkvk"kk<+k]
mÙkjkvk"kk<+k] ?kfu"Bk ;k mÙkjkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
c`gLifr ;fn iwoZkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä] c`gLifr ;fn vf”ouh]
Hkj.kh] —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] gLr] Lokfr] 'krfHk"kk ;k jsorh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
'kqØ ;fn jksfg.kh u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Li"V :i ls O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä] 'kqØ ;fn vf”ouh] —frdk]
vkæk] iquoZlq] iwoZkvk"kk<+k] mÙkjkvk"kk<+k] èkfu"Bk] 'krfHk"kk ;k
mÙkjkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd
gksrh gSA
'kfu ;fn —frdk] e`xf'kjk] vkæk] iquoZlq] iq";] vk'ys"kk] e?kk]
èkfu"Bk ;k 'krfHk"kk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj
vfèkd gksrh gSA
jkgq ;fn fo'kk[kk ;k vuqjkèkk u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks O;olk;h cuus dh
nj Li"V :i ls vfèkd gksrh gSA jkgq ;fn e`xf'kjk vkæk] gLr] fp=k]
Lokfr] T;s"Bk ;k iwoZkHkkæin u{k= esa fLFkr gks rks Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gSA
6.3 lq>ko
1. de lQy O;olk;h] eè;e Lrj ds O;olk;h vkSj vR;Ur lQy
O;olkf;;ksa dk vyx&vyx vkdyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd vk¡dM+ksa ds ladyu ds le; gh fofHkUu Lrj ds
O;olkf;;ksa ds vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu fd;k tk,A ;g iw.kZ :i ls Lora= 'kks/k&çcU/k dk fo"k; gksuk pkfg, D;ksafd blesa ifjdYiukvksa dk vk/kkj
Hkh fHkUu gksxkA
2. iw.kZ :i ls LorU= O;olk;h] lk>snkjh esa dk;Z djus okys O;olk;h ;k ikfjokfjd O;olk; esa layXu O;olkf;;ksa dk vyx&vyx vkdyu
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3. iq#"k tkrd vkSj L=h tkrd dk vyx&vyx vkdyu dj ds ifj.kkeksa dh rqyuk dh tk ldrh gSA
4. M‚DVj] odhy] vfHkusrk] f[kykMh vkfn is'ksoj tkrdksa dk vkdyu
vyx ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5. pUæ yXu] lw;Z yXu] uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k ds vkèkkj ij vyx ls vkdyu
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
6. tSfeuh vkfn i)fr;ksa ls Hkh vkdyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7. u{k=ksa ds vkèkkj ij vkdyu ds fy, vkSj vfèkd vk¡dM+s gksus pkfg,A
8. bl 'kks/k&çca/k ds }kjk fu/kkZfjr fl) ,oa uohu lw=ksa dk Js.khdj.k
djds vkSj mudks cy&Hkkj (weightage) vkcafVr djds ,d l‚¶Vosj
fufeZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl çdkj dk l‚¶Vosj fdlh Hkh tkrd ds
tUe fooj.k ds vk/kkj ij mlds O;olk;h cuus dk laHkkfor çfr'kr
crk ldsxkA bl çfr'kr ds vk/kkj ij] ns'k&dky&ik= ds vk/kkj ij
vkSj T;ksfr"kh ds vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij fuf'pr gh tkrd dk lVhd
ekxZn'kZu fd;k tk ldsxkA
lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij bl 'kks/k esa 69 ifjdYiukvksa dks fu/kkZfjr fd;k
x;k vkSj fQj mUgsa 1008 dq.Mfy;ksa ij ij[kk x;k FkkA vkdyu dk nk;jk
foLrh.kZ j[kk x;k Fkk] ftlls ifj.kke esa vusd lkfgfR;d lw= fl) gq, vkSj
miyfC/k ds rkSj ij uohu lw= Hkh çkIr gq,A
bl vè;k; esa
- 'kks/k&ifj.kke dk uohu çk:iksa ij ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
- dky fuèkkZj.k ds fy, tUedq.Myh ij egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds lw=ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
- uoka'k rFkk n'kka'k ij ;ksxksa vkSj egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds lw=ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
7-1 'kks/k ifj.kke dk ç;ksx
fu"d"kZ ,o miyfC/k;ksa ds vkèkkj ij 20 ;ksx&Jsf.k;k¡ fuÆer dh x;È gSaSA uohu
çk:iksa esa ls 10 çk:i O;olkf;;ksa ds vkSj 10 ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ds gSaA
7-1-1 O;olk;h çk:iksa dk vkdyu
ç;ksx esa fy;s x, O;olkf;;ksa ds uohu çk:i ifjf'k"V Hkkx&3 esa layXu gSaA
O;olkf;;ksa ds 10 çk:iksa dk eq[; 20 ;ksxksa ij vkdyu djus ds ckn fuEu
ifj.kke Kkr gq,A fuEu lkj.kh ds çFke d‚ye esa ;ksx la[;k] f}rh; d‚ye esa
O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx] fQj 10 d‚ye esa uohu çk:iksa dk Øe vkSj vafre d‚ye
esa ,d la[;k of.kZr gS] tks ;g n'kkZrh gS fd ;g ;ksx fdrus çk:iksa ij fl)
gqvkA
rkfydk 99 % O;olk;h&ifj.kke
3 pUæ
& IV, VII, VIII, X
& VII, IX, XI, XII
& es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk] ehu
20 'kfu ls jkgq III, IV, V, VI, VIII
mijksä ifj.kke dks ckj&pkVZ ds ek/;e ls fuEu :i ls n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA
Y&,fDll esa Øe'k% 1 ls 20 ;ksxksa dh la[;k gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij geus ns[kk fd ;ksx 10 lHkh dq.Mfy;ksa ij yx jgk gS] rks mijksä rkfydk esa la[;k 10 ns[ksaxs rks 'kfu dk uoe Hkko ls lEcUèk dk ;ksx gSA X&,fDll dq.Mfy;ksa ;k çk:iksa dh la[;k gSA
xzkQ 79 % O;olk;h ;ksxksa dh fl)rk
7-1-2 ukSdjhis'kk çk:iksa dk vkdyu
ç;ksx esa fy;s x, ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ds uohu çk:i ifjf'k"V Hkkx&4 esa layXu
gSa %
ukSdjhis'kk ds mijksä 10 çk:iksa dk eq[; 20 ;ksxksa ij vkdyu djus ds ckn
fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq,A fuEu lkj.kh ds çFke d‚ye esa ;ksx la[;k] f}rh; d‚ye esa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx] fQj 10 d‚ye esa uohu çk:iksa dk Øe vkSj vafre d‚ye esa ,d la[;k of.kZr gS] tks ;g n'kkZrh gS fd ;g ;ksx fdrus çk:iksa ij fl) gqvkA
rkfydk 100 % ukSdjhis'kk&ifj.kke
1 lw;Z & es"k o`"k
eaxy & es"k] o`"kHk] ehu esa
6 eaxy & IV, VII, VIII, X esa
& VII, IX, XI, XII esa
8 c`g- & es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk] ehu
yXus'k & VI, VII, XI esa
12 f}rh;s'k & V, VI, VII, VIII esa
13 r`rh;s'k & IV, VII esa 0 14 ,dkn'ks'k & IV, VI, VIII, X esa
15 }kn'ks'k & VI, IX, XII esa
16 pUæ ls cq/k II, III, V, VI, X esa
17 pUæ ls 'kqØ I, V, VI, VII 5
18 pUæ ls jkgq IV, VIII, IX, XI, XII 9 9
19 cq/k ls 'kfu IV, VIII, IX 0
20 'kfu ls jkgq III, IV, V, VI, VIII 4
mijksä ifj.kke dks ckj&pkVZ ds ek/;e ls fuEu :i ls n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA
Y&,fDll esa Øe'k% 1 ls 20 ;ksxksa dh la[;k gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij geus ns[kk fd ;ksx 15 fdlh Hkh ukSdjhis'kk tkrd dh dq.Myh ij ugha yx jgk gS] rks mijksä rkfydk esa la[;k15 ns[ksaxs] rks }kn'ks'k dk VI, IX ;k XII Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dk ;ksx gSA X&,fDll dq.Mfy;ksa ;k çk:iksa dh la[;k gSA
xzkQ 80 % ukSdjhis'kk ;ksxksa dh fl)rk
O;olk;h cuus ds mijksä 20 ;ksxksa dks egÙo ds vk/kkj fuEu :i ls lwphc)
fd;k tk ldrk gS %
;ksx 10] lHkh O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g ;ksx dsoy 3 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxkA
;ksx 16 vkSj 20] O;olkf;;ksa dh 8 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g ;ksx dsoy 2 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxkA
;ksx 1] 2] 3] 6] 13] 15 vkSj 19] O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g fdlh Hkh dq.Myh ij ugha yxkA
;ksx 8] O;olkf;;ksa dh 7 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g dsoy 3 dq.Myh ij gh yxkA
;ksx 7 vkSj 18] O;olkf;;ksa dh 6 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk
tkrdksa esa ;g Øe'k% 3 vkSj 2 dq.Mfy;ksa ij gh yxkA
;ksx 4] O;olkf;;ksa dh 4 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g dsoy 1 dq.Myh ij gh yxkA
;ksx 11] 12 vkSj 14 dk egÙo mijksä ls de fl) gqvk D;ksafd ;s
O;olkf;;ksa esa Øe'k% 3] 5 vkSj 5 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk
tkrdksa esa ;g Øe'k% 1] 2 vkSj 2 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk A
;ksx 5] 9 vkSj 17 dk dksbZ egÙo ugha fl) gqvk D;ksafd ;s O;olkf;;ksa
esa Øe'k% 2] 5 vkSj 5 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa
;g Øe'k% 2] 4 vkSj 3 dq.Mfy;ksa ij yxkA
O;olkf;;ksa ds çk:iksa ij tks lkfgfR;d lw= fl) gq, vkSj tks uohu lw= yxs] mudh lwph fuEu gSa %
fl) lkfgfR;d lw= % lw;Z es"k jkf'k esa ¼ifjdYiuk 8½] pUæ lIre Hkko esa
¼ifjdYiuk 17½] eaxy es"k jkf'k esa¼ifjdYiuk 10½] 'kfu lIre Hkko esa¼ifjdYiuk
25½] yXus'k ,dkn'k Hkko esa ¼ifjdYiuk 30½] pUæ ls cq/k r`rh; Hkko esa ¼ifjdYiuk
54½ vkSj pUæ&'kqØ dh ;qfr ¼ifjdYiuk 60½A
fl) uohu lw= % lw;Z o`"k rFkk ehu esa] lw;Z VI rFkk VII esa] pUæ flag rFkk edj esa] pUæ X esa] eaxy o`"k esa] eaxy IV, VII, VIII rFkk X esa] 'kfu IX rFkk XII esa] c`gLifr es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk rFkk ehu esa] 'kqØ es"k ,oa dqEHk esa] 'kfu dk lEcUèk
IX ls] yXus'k VI rFkk VII esa] f}rh;s'k V, VII rFkk VIII esa] r`rh;s'k IV rFkk VII esa] ,dkn'ks'k IV, VI, VIII rFkk X esa] }kn'ks'k VI rFkk IX esa] pUæ ls cq/k II, V
rFkk X] pUæ ls 'kqØ V esa]pUæ ls jkgq IV, IX rFkk XII] cq/k ls 'kfu IV, VIII rFkk
IX vkSj 'kfu ls jkgq III, IV, VI rFkk VIIIA
7-2 egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk tUedq.Myh ij ç;ksx
tUedq.Myh esa ;fn O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx gSa rks tkrd fuf'pr~ gh O;olk; 'kq: djus dk vuqdwy le; tkuus ds fy, mRlqd gksrk gS ftlls mldk le;] èku
o mtkZ O;FkZ u gksA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= esa vuqdwy ;k çfrdwy le;&vofèk dk p;u
n'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr~ tUedq.Myh ds lHkh ;ksxk;ksxksa dk Qy lnSo n'kk dky esa gh feyrk gSA vr% tUedq.Myh esa ;fn O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx dk fuèkkZj.k gks pqdk gks] rc gh n'kk dk ç;ksx vuqdwy ;k çfrdwy le; tkuus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA vc] bl v/;k; esa egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk
fu/kkZj.k ,d ç;ksx ds :i esa 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij fd;k tk jgk gSA
vk'kk gS fd vkxkeh 'kks/kkFkhZ bl fo"k; ij foLrkj ls dk;Z djus ds fy, çsfjr
gksaxsA
n'kk %
egÆ"k ijk'kj us vuqlkj n'kk ds vusd Hksn gSa] ijUrq loZlkèkkj.k ds fy, Ço'kksÙkjh
n'kk gh eq[; gS [1]A _f"k eU=sÜoj }kjk fojfpr Qynhfidk esa bldk vuqeksnu
fd;k x;k gS [2]A bl ys[k esa Hkh dsoy Ço'kksÙkjh n'kk }kjk gh vkdyu fd;k
tk jgk gSA egkn'kk vofèk cgqr yEch gksrh gS] blhfy, ge egkn'kk vkSj vUrnZ'kk nksuksa ij fopkj dj jgs gSaA
lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k %
T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa n'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds Qy muds Lokfe;ksa ds dkjdRoksa] uSlÆxd 'kqHkk'kqHkrk] Hkko&LokfeRo] cykcy vkSj ijLij lEcUèkksa ds vkèkkj ij oÆ.kr gSaA lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k djus ij Kkr gqvk fd ÞO;olk; esa o`f) gksxhÞ] Þèku ykHk gksxkÞ vkfn Qy rks oÆ.kr gSa] ijUrq O;olk; fdl n'kk esa çkjEHk gksxk ] bl fo"k; ij dksà fuf'pr~ lw= ;k Qy oÆ.kr ugÈ gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd tkrd ÞO;olk;h cusxk ;k ugÈ\Þ] ;g tUedq.Myh ds ;ksx fuèkkZfjr djrs gSa vkSj n'kk&vUrnZ'kk tUedq.Myh esa miyCèk ;ksxksa ds vkèkkj ij gh 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy çnr djrh gSA vr% iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr lkfgfR;d ifjdYiukvksa ds vHkko esa ge vkèkqfud
T;ksfrf"k;ksa }kjk ç;ksx fd, tkus okys çpfyr lw=ksa dks gh ifjdYiuk ds :i esa
Lohdkj dj jgs gSa] tks fuEu gSa %
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa dh uSlÆxd 'kqHkk'kqHkrk ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa dh Hkko fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds cy ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds Hkko LokfeRo ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds yXu@yXus'k ls lacaèk ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds iape@iapes'k ls lacaèk ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds lIre@lIres'k ls lacaèk ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds n'ke@n'kes'k ls lacaèk ds vkèkkj ij
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds ,dkn'k@,dkn'ks'k ls lacaèk ds vkèkkj ij] vkSj
o egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk Lokfe;ksa ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ijA
cy dk fuèkkZj.k [3] %
xzg@Hkkos'k cyh gksrk gS ;fn og oØh gks] Lojkf'kLFk gks] mPp jkf'kLFk gks] fe=
jkf'kLFk gks ;k 'kqHk HkkoLFk gks ijUrq 'k=q jkf'kLFk u gks] uhp jkf'kLFk u gks] vLr u gks ;k 6Bs 8osa 12osa Hkko esa fLFkr u gksA xzgksa dh vLr voLFkk rkfydk 3 esa]
mPp&uhp jkf'k;k¡ rkfydk 4 esa] fe=rk&'k=qrk rkfydk 5 esa vkSj –f"V rkfydk 6 esa oÆ.kr gSA jkgq&dsrq dks fdlh Hkh Hkko dk LokfeRo çnku ugÈ fd;k x;k gS]
ijUrq n'kkQy ds fy, egÆ"k ijk'kj us jkgq dh mPp jkf'k o`"k] ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k
feFkqu vkSj Lojkf'k dqEHk gSA dsrq dh mPp jkf'k o`f'pd] ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k èkuq
vkSj Lojkf'k o`f'pd gS [4]A
lEcUèk %
nks n'kk Lokeh ijLij lEcfUèkr gksrs gSa ;fn os ,d&nwljs ls ;qr gksa] ,d&nwljs
dks ijLij –f"V çnr djrs gksa] ,d nwljs dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gksa ;k mue Hkko&LFkku
lEcUèk gksA
vk¡dM+s %
ifjf'k"V 1] Hkkx 5 esa layXu 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij ;g ç;ksx fd;k
tk jgk gSaA ;s vk¡dM+s iw.kZ :i ls çkekf.kd gSa vkSj dsoy O;fäxr L=ksrksa ls gh
fy;s x, gSaA
vkdyu %
mijksä fuèkkZfjr ifjdYiukvksa dk mijksä vk¡dM+ksa ij foLr`r vkdyu fd;k x;k]
ftlds ifj.kke fuEu gSa %
fu"d"kZ %
tUedq.Myh esa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ;fn miyCèk gksa] rks O;olk; çkjEHk djus
ds fy, fuEu oÆ.kr fl) lw=ksa ds vkèkkj ij egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk vkdyu fd;k
tkuk pkfg, %
rkfydk 102 % egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk vkdyu dk ifj.kke
fl) lw= vfl) lw=
o egkn'kk Lokeh dsUæ&f=dks.k esa fLFkr gks ¾ 17@20 ¼85 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dsUæ&f=dks.k esa
fLFkr gks ¾ 17@20 ¼85 ½A
o egkn'kk ;k vUrnZ'kk Lokeh esa ls dksà ,d cyh gks ¾ 18@20 ¼90 ½A
o egkn'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k n'ke@n'kes'k ls lEcUèk gks ¾
18@20 ¼90 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k n'ke@n'kes'k ls lEcUèk gks ¾
18@20 ¼90 ½A
o jkgq ;k dsrq ;fn egkn'kk Lokeh gksdj yXu] iape] uoe ;k n'ke esa fLFkr gks rks mldh n'kk vuqdwy
gksrh gS ¾ 4@4 ¼100 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk lIre@lIres'k ls lEcUèk vfrfjä iqf"V ds fy, ns[kk tk ldrk gS ¾ 14@20 ¼70
½A
o xzgksa dh uSlÆxdrk ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o n'kk Lokfe;ksa ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o egkn'kk Lokeh ds iape@iapes'k] lIre@lIres'k] uoe@uoes'k ;k ,dkn'k@,dkn'ks'k ls lEcfUèkr gksus ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh ds iape@iapes'k] uoe@uoes'k ;k ,dkn'k@,dkn'ks'k ls lEcfUèkr gksus ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
7-3 oxZ dq.Mfy;ksa ij ;ksxksa vkSj n'kk dk ç;ksx
tUedq.Myh dk çR;sd Hkko dqN fuf'pr~ dkjdRoksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA bu
dkjdRoksa ds oxZ lEcafèkr Qyksa dh iqf"V vkSj xzgksa dk cy fudkyus ds fy;s oxZ
dq.Mfy;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn tUedq.Myh esa ;ksx gksa ijUrq oxZ
dq.Myh esa u gks] rks tkrd dks ml oxZ ls lEcafèkr Qy çkIr ugÈ gksrsA blh
çdkj] ;fn tUedq.Myh esa ;ksx u gksa ijUrq oxZ dq.Myh esa gksa] rks Hkh ml oxZ
ls lEcafèkr Qy tkrd dks çkIr ugÈ gksrsA
ge bl vè;k; esa egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk ds ekè;e ls dky fuèkkZj.k ds lw=ksa dk
fuèkkZj.k dj pqds gSaA vc] bl v/;k; esa uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k oxZ dq.Mfy;ksa ij ,d ç;ksx ds :i esa 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij lw=ksa dk vkdyu fd;k
tk jgk gSA vk'kk gS fd vkxkeh 'kks/kkFkhZ bl fo"k; ij foLrkj ls dk;Z djus ds fy, çsfjr gksaxsA
uoka'k dq.Myh %
uoka'k dq.Myh dk ç;ksx tUedq.Myh ds iwjd ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA uoka'k
dq.Myh dk ç;ksx fookg vkSj oSokfgd thou dh xq.koÙkk dh iqf"V ds fy;s Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
n'kka'k dq.Myh %
n'kka'k ;k n'keka'k dq.Myh dk vè;;u vkthfodk ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k %
c`gTtkrd ds dekZthokè;k;% esa dqy 4 'yksd gSa] ftuesa eq[;r;k èku dk L=ksr dkSu lk xzg gksxk] xzgksa dh ladsfrr thfodk vkSj èkukxeu dh lqxerk ;k dfBurk vkfn dk o.kZu gS [5]A Qynhfidk ds dekZthokè;k;% esa dqy 5 'yksd gSa] ftuesa fofHkUu xzgksa ds ladsfrr vk; L=ksr] vkthfodk ds fofHkUu çdkj] èkuktZu esa lqxerk ;k dfBurk vkSj èkuktZu dh vuqdwy fn'kk dk o.kZu gS [6]A blds vfrfjä] Qynhfidk ds oxZ&foHkkx vè;k; esa oxZ dq.Myh ds yXus'k dk egÙo crk;k gS] ijUrq uoka'k rFkk n'kka'k ds yXus'kksa dk Li"V mYys[k ugÈ gS [7]A vU; T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa Hkh blh çdkj dh tkudkjh ;k lw= fn;s x, gSaA
vr% iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr lkfgfR;d ifjdYiukvksa ds vHkko esa ge vkèkqfud T;ksfrf"k;ksa }kjk ç;ksx fd, tkus okys çpfyr lw=ksa dks gh ifjdYiuk ds :i esa Lohdkj dj
jgs gSa] tks fuEu gSa %
o uoka'k o n'kka'k dh yXu jkf'k
o uoka'k o n'kka'k dh yXu jkf'k tUedq.Myh ds fdl Hkko dh jkf'k gS
o uoka'k o n'kka'k ds yXu@yXus'k] lIre@lIres'k] n'ke@n'kes'k vkSj
,dkn'k@,dkn'ks'k cyh gksuk
o egkn'kk o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk uoka'k ds rFkk n'kka'k ds yXu@yXus'k]
lIre@lIres'k ;k n'ke@n'kes'k ls lacaèk] vkSj
o egkn'kk o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k esa ijLij lacaèkA
o Hkko @ Hkkos'k ds cy dk fuèkkZj.k %
Hkko cy %
c`gr~ijk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ds vuqlkj Hkko cyh gksrk gS ;fn og vius Lokeh ls –"V@;qr gks ;k 'kqHk xzg ls –"V@;qr gks [8]A Hkko cy dh foLr`r x.kuk "kM~cy ds varxZr dh tkrh gS] ijUrq ;gk¡ ikjk'kjh; lkekU; çpfyr fofèk dk gh ç;ksx
fd;k tk jgk gSA
Hkkos'k cy %
xzg@Hkkos'k ds cyh gksus ds fu;e bl vè;k; esa oÆ.kr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
vk¡dM+s %
egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk vkdyu esa ç;ksx dh x;h 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa
¼ifjf'k"V&1] Hkkx&5 esa layXu½ ij gh uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k dq.Mfy;ksa dk ç;ksx Hkh
fd;k tk jgk gSA
uoka'k dk vkdyu vkSj fu"d"kZ
mijksä oÆ.kr ifjdYiukvksa dk vk¡dM+ksa ij foLr`r vkdyu fd;k x;k] ftldk
ifj.kke fuEu gSa %
uoka'k dq.Myh ij fd;s x, mijksä foLr`r vkdyu ls fuEu lw= çkIr gksrs gSa%
rkfydk 104 % uoka'k dq.Myh ds vkdyu dk ifj.kke
o uoka'k dq.Myh dk yXu ;k lIre
Hkko cyh gks ¾ 18@20 ¼90 ½A
o uoka'k dq.Myh dk yXu ;k n'ke Hkko
cyh gks ¾ 17@20 ¼85 ½A
o uoka'k dq.Myh esa yXus'k ;k lIres'k cyh gks ¾ 17@20 ¼85 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k
n'ke@n'kes'k ls lacaèk gks ¾
18@20 ¼90 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k
lIre@lIres'k ls lacaèk gks ¾
16@20 ¼80 ½A
o uoka'k yXu dh jkf'k ds vkèkkj ij 'kh"kksZn; vkfn] iq:"k&L=h] pj vkfn vkSj vfXu rRo vkfn dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o uoka'k dq.Myh esa tUedq.Myh ds dkSu ls Hkko dh jkf'k mfnr gksrh gS] bl vkèkkj ij dsUæ&f=dks.k]
,dkn'k vkSj mip; vkfn dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o egkn'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k]
lIre@lIres'k ;k
n'ke@n'kes'k ls lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= fl)
ugÈ gqvkA
o n'kk Lokfe;ksa ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= çkIr ugÈ gqvkA
n'kka'k dk vkdyu vkSj fu"d"kZ
oÆ.kr ifjdYiukvksa dk vk¡dM+ksa ij foLr`r vkdyu fd;k x;k] ftldk ifj.kke
fuEu gSa %
n'kka'k dq.Myh ij fd;s x, mijksä foLr`r vkdyu ls fuEu lw= çkIr gksrs gSa%
rkfydk 106 % n'kka'k dq.Myh ds vkdyu dk ifj.kke
o n'kka'k dq.Myh dk n'ke ;k
,dkn'k Hkko cyh gks ¾ 17@20 ¼85 ½A
o n'kka'k dq.Myh dk yXu ;k n'ke
Hkko cyh gks ¾ 16@20 ¼80 ½A
o n'kka'k dq.Myh esa lIres'k ;k
n'kes'k cyh gks ¾ 18@20 ¼90 ½A
o egkn'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k
n'ke@n'kes'k ls lEcUèk gks ¾
16@20 ¼80 ½A
o egkn'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k
lIre@lIres'k ls lEcUèk gks ¾
16@20 ¼80 ½A
o egkn'kk Lokeh dk lIre@lIres'k ;k n'ke@n'kes'k ls lEcUèk gks ¾
16@20 ¼80 ½A
o vUrnZ'kk Lokeh dk yXu@yXus'k ;k
n'ke@n'kes'k ls lacaèk gks ¾
18@20 ¼90 ½A
o n'kka'k yXu dh jkf'k ds vkèkkj ij 'kh"kksZn; vkfn] iq:"k&L=h] pj vkfn vkSj vfXu rRo vkfn dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o n'kka'k dq.Myh esa tUedq.Myh ds dkSu ls Hkko dh jkf'k mfnr gksrh gS] bl vkèkkj ij dsUæ&f=dks.k] ,dkn'k vkSj mip; vkfn dksà Li"V lw= fl) ugÈ gqvkA
o n'kk Lokfe;ksa ds ijLij lEcUèk ds vkèkkj ij dksà Li"V lw= çkIr ugÈ gqvkA
[1] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % n'kkè;k;] i`- 182- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[2] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk % n'kkè;k;] i`- 252- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[3] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk % vUrnZ'kk Qy] i`- 262- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[4] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % n'kkQykè;k;] i`- 226 227- ¼lhrkjke >k]
Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
[5] ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~ % dekZthokè;k;%] i`- 216&221- ¼lq- p- feJ] Vhdkdkj½uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
[6] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk % dekZtho vè;k;] i`- 77 81- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[7] eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk % oxZ&foHkkx vè;k;] i`- 61- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
[8] ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ % Hkkofoosdkè;k;%] i`- 46- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
*O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx ¼T;ksfr"kh; lUnHkZ esa½* 'kks/k&çcU/k dks dqy 8 v/;k;ksa
esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA çFke v/;k; esa O;olk;h dh ifjHkk"kk] vk/kqfud
;qx esa O;olk;h cuus dh egÙkk] T;ksfr"k&O;olk;h dk lEcU/k] 'kks/k&fo"k; ds p;u dk vkSfpR; vkSj 'kks/k dk mís'; lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA
f}rh; v/;k; esa ^T;ksfr"k^ dh ifjHkk"kk] T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds foHkkx] T;ksfr"k ds bfrgkl dk laf{kIr o.kZu] T;ksfr"k esa ns'k&dky dk egÙo vkSj 'kks/k&çcU/k esa ç;ksx fd;s x, T;ksfr"kh; fu;eksa dk laf{kIr o.kZu lekfgr gSA
r`rh; v/;k; esa çpfyr T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa ls O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxksa dks
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA blds i'pkRk] bu ;ksxksa ls 69 ifjdYiukvksa dks
fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA vkdyu vkSj çLrqrhdj.k dh ljyrk ds fy, ifjdYiukvksa dks 7 Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
prqFkZ v/;k; esa 'kks/k&mís';] 'kks/k&çdkj] 'kks/k&{ks= vkSj 'kks/k&ifjlheu dk o.kZu gSA bl v/;k; esa vk¡dM+ksa ds ladyu dh fof/k] vkdyu ds fu;e vkSj lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k çfØ;k dk foLr`r o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa ç;ksx fd;s x, lHkh vk¡dM+s iw.kZ :i ls çkekf.kd gSa vkSj dsoy O;fäxr L=ksrksa ls gh fy;s x, gSaA bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa dsoy 40 o"kZ ;k mlls vf/kd vk;q ds tkrdksa ds vk¡dM+s gh lfEefyr fd;s x, gSaA bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa 1008 dq.Mfy;k¡ lax`ghr dh x;h gSa] ftuesa ls 504 O;olkf;;ksa dh vkSj 'ks"k 504 dq.Mfy;k¡ ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSaA bl 'kks/k&çcU/k esa rqyukRed vkdyu fd;k x;k gS] vFkkZr~ mUgha ;ksxksa dks fl) ekuk x;k gS] tks O;olk;h tkrdksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij fl) gksrs gksa] ijUrq ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij fl) u gksrs gksaA vkdyu ds lHkh fl)kUr iw.kZ
:i ls oSfnd T;ksfr"kh; fl)karksa ij gh vk/kkfjr gSaA
iape v/;k; esa 'kks/k&çcU/k esa ç;ksx fd;s x, lHkh vk¡dM+ksa dk foLr`r
vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA ifjdYiukvksa dh lkrksa Jsf.k;ksa dk vkdyu
i`Fkd&i`Fkd fd;k x;k gSA ;s 7 Jsf.k;k¡ gSa& Hkkoksa esa fLFkr jkf'k;ksa ds
vk/kkj ij] xzgksa dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij] xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds
vk/kkj ij] Hkkos'kksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij] xzgksa dk lHkh Hkkoksa ls
lEcU/k ds vk/kkj ij] lHkh xzgksa dh vU; xzgksa ls ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ds
vk/kkj ij vkSj yXu ,oa lHkh xzgksa dh u{k=&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ijA çR;sd
ifj.kke dk çLrqrhdj.k rkfydk vkSj ckj&pkVZ ds ek/;e ls fd;k x;k gS]
ftlls mls ljyrk ls xzg.k fd;k tk ldsA bl foLrh.kZ vkdyu ls
iwoZ&fu/kkZfjr 69 ifjdYiukvksa dh fl)rk&vfl)rk ds lkFk&lkFk uohu
lw= çkIr gksus dh lEHkkouk Hkh cuh jghA
"k"B v/;k; esa 'kks/k ds ifj.kke] miyfC/k;k¡] fu"d"kZ vkSj lq>ko fn;s x, gSaA
13 'kkL=h; lw= ¼ifjdYiuk,¡½ fl) gqbZa vkSj vusd uohu lw= miyfC/k ds
:i esa çkIr gq,A lHkh ifj.kkeksa dks mijksä of.kZr 7 Jsf.k;ksa ds vuqlkj
çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
lIre v/;k; esa O;olk;h cuus ds fl) lw=ksa ls vkSj uohu çkIr lw=ksa ls
20 Jsf.k;k¡ cuk;h x;ha] ftudk 20 uohu tUedq.Mfy;ksa ij ijh{k.k fd;k
x;kA bl ç;ksx ds ifj.kke 'kks/k&ifj.kke ds vuq:i gh FksA blds i'pkRk~]
ftu 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx Fks] mu ij
ç;ksxkRed –f"V l egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk ¼foa'kksÙkjh½ dks yxk;k x;kA vkdyu ds ifj.kke ds :i esa lVhd lw= çkIr gq,] ftudk v/;k;&7 esa foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA blds i'pkRk~] bUgha 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij oxZ dq.Mfy;ksa ¼uoka'k vkSj n'kka'k½ ds ;ksx&fu/kkZj.k ds lkFk&lkFk egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk dk vkdyu Hkh fd;k x;k gSA oxZ dq.Mfy;ksa ds vkdyu ds ifj.kke ds :i esa Hkh lVhd lw= çkIr gq,] ftudk v/;k; 7 esa foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA
bl v"Ve v/;k; esa 'kks/k&çcU/k dk milagkj çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
1- Cole, A.H. (1969). Definition of Entrepreneurship. Milwaukee, USA: Center for Venture Management.
2- Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management. New York, USA: Harper Collins e-books.
3- Ebert, R. J. & Griffin, R. W. (2013). Business Essentials. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
4- Gartner, W. B. (1988). ET&P. USA: University of Baltimore Education Foundation.
5- Gupta, C. B. (2015). Business Organisation. New Delhi: M.K.M. Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
6- Kumar, Manoj and Agarwal, Sushil (2018). Principles of Astronomy & Mathematical Astrology. New Delhi : Sagar Publications.
7- Mantreshwara. (1950). Phaladeepika. (V. Subrahmanya Shastri). Karnataka, Bangalore: Aruna Press.
8- Nambudari. (2010). Prasana Marga : Part 1. (Venkata Raman, Translator) New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
9- Schlais, D. E., Davis, R. N. & Schlais, K. A. (2011). Introduction to Business. USA: Association Global View.
10- Sharma, V. (1966). Mitrabheda Tantra. In Pancha Tantra, pp 8. (Commentary : J. P. Mishra). Mumbai, Maharashtra : Khemraj Shri Krishandas.
11- vxzoky] lq'khy- ¼2019½- y?kq ikjk'kjh- uà fnYyh % lkxj ifCyds'kUlA
12- vkIVs] okeu f'kojke- ¼2012½- laL—r&fgUnh dks'k ¼jkf"Vª; laL—r laLFkku½- uà fnYyh% ukx ifCy'klZA
13- mikè;k;] cynso vkSj jFk] Jhfuokl vkSj ik.Ms;] jkepUæ- ¼2012½- laL—r &ok³~e; dk c`gn bfrgkl] "kksM'k [k.M- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% mÙkj çns'k laL—r laLFkkuA
14- diwj] nhid- ¼2012½- [kxksy ,oa xf.kr T;ksfr"k % Ço'kksÙkjh n'kk] i`- 221- uà fnYyh% fouhrk diwj ifCy'klZ ,aM cqd lSyslZA
15- dqekj] —".k- ¼2003½- "kM~cy jgL;- uà fnYyh % vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
16- dqekj] —".k- ¼2005½- vkthfodk fopkj- uà fnYyh% vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
17- dqekj] eukst vkSj vxzoky lq'khy- ¼2016½- çkjafHkd Qfyr T;ksfr"k- uà fnYyh% vYQk
ifCyds'kUlA
18- xkSM+] v- ds- duZy- ¼2011½- T;ksfr"k vkSj vkthfodk- uà fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'kUlA
19- tSfeuh- ¼2014½- tSfeuh lw=e~ - ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
20- tks'kh] ds- ds- ¼2011½- eqgwrZ ijEijkxr ,oa vkèkqfud- uà fnYyh% lkxj ifCyds'kUlA
21- <qf.<jkt- ¼2008½- tkrdkHkj.ke~ - ¼lhrkjke >k Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
22- frokjh] mekdkUr- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
23- nhf{kr] 'kadj cky—".k- ¼1975½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] fgUnh lfefr xzUFkekyk&9- ¼f'koukFk >kj[k.Mh] vuqoknd½- mÙkj çns'k% fgUnh lfefr] mÙkj çns'k 'kkluA
24- nqXxy] ,l- ds- ¼2007½- "kM~cy – x.kuk ,oa ç;ksx- uà fnYyh % lkxj ifCyds'kUlA
25- f}osnh] Hkkstjkt- ¼2018½- vkpk;Z ojkgfefgj dk T;ksfr"k esa ;ksxnku- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
26- ujÇlg- ¼2001½- tkrd lkjnhi- ¼pUæ'ks[kj] Vhdkdkj½- psUuÃ] rfeyukMq% eækl xouZesaV vksfj,.Vy lhjhtA
27- ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
28- ikBd] egknso- ¼2014½- tkrdrÙoe~- ¼gfj'kadj ikBd] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'kuA
29- çlkn] xksj[k- ¼1956½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k dk bfrgkl- mÙkj çns'k ljdkj% çdk'ku C;wjksA
30- HkkLdjkpk;Z- ¼1926½- fl)kar&f'kjksef.k- ¼fxfjtk çlkn f}osnh] O;k[;kdkj½- y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k% uoyfd'kksj çslA
31- eU=s”oj- ¼2019½- Qynhfidk- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
32- ekulkxj- ¼2008½- ekulkxjh- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
33- jaxukFk- ¼2012½- lw;Zfl)kUr% % mn;kLrkf/kdkj] i`- 246&247- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck ifCyds'kUlA
34- jkenSoK- ¼2016½- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k% [k.M% 1- ¼mekdkUr frokjh] O;k[;kdkj½- uà fnYyh% eqäLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laL—rlaLFkkue~A
35- jko] ds- u- ¼2010½- fgUnw T;ksfr"k esa deZ vkSj iqutZUe- uà fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'kUlA
36- yxèk- ¼2014½- osnkaxT;ksfr"ke~- i`- 239- ¼f'kojkt vkpk;Z dkSf.MUU;k;u] Vhdkdkj½okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkouA
37- ykVnso- ¼2012½- lw;Zfl)kar- ¼jkepUæ ik.Ms;] laiknd ,oa vuqoknd½- mÙkj çns'k] okjk.klh% pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh çdk'kuA
38- ojkgfefgj- ¼1997½- c`gRlafgrk- ¼vP;qrkuUn >k] O;k[;kdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck fo|kHkouA
39- ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~- ¼lq- p- feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
40- oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj] vè;k; „] i`- 5½- uà fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
41- O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjniqjk.k % iwoZ&Hkko f}rh; ikn- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
42- O;kl] osn- ¼2014½- Jhen~ Hkxon~xhrk- ¼jkelq[knkl Lokeh] Vhdkdkj½- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k : xhrk çslA
43- O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- ukjnlafgrk- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
44- O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- okeuiqjk.k- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
45- O;kl] osn- ¼1997½- JhHkkxor&lqèkklkxj % LdUèk 1- xksj[kiqj] mÙkj çns'k% xhrk çslA
46- oS|ukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- uà fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
47- 'kekZ] y- u- ¼2013½- T;ksfr"k çnhi ¼i`- 1½- uà fnYyh % ;wfud‚uZ cqDlA
48- 'kekZ] os³~dVs'k- ¼2013½- lokZFkZ Çprkef.k- ¼xq#çlkn xkSM+] Vhdkdkj½- mÙkj çns'k] okjk.klh% pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh çdk'kuA
49- 'kkL=h] usehpUæ- ¼1966½- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k- dydÙkk] if'pe caxky% Hkkjrh; KkuihB çdk'kuA
'kks/k&çcU/k esa dqy 1008 dq.Mfy;ksa dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA ftuesa ls 504 dqaMfy;k¡ O;olkf;;ksa dh gSa] tks Hkkx&1 esa nh tk jgh gSa vkSj 504 dqaMfy;k¡ ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSa] tks Hkkx&2 esa nh tk jgh gSaA blds vfrfjä] 'kks/k ifj.kke ds ç;ksx ds fy, 10 dqaMfy;k¡ O;olkf;;ksa dh yh x;h gSa] tks Hkkx&3 esa nh tk jgh gSa vkSj 10 dqaMfy;k¡ ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSa] tks Hkkx&4 esa nh tk jgh gSaA egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk rFkk oxksaZ ds fy, ç;ksx dh x;h 20 O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;k¡ Hkkx&5 esa nh tk jgh gSaA
Hkkx&1 % 504 O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;k¡ %
1 M 12-02-1965 07:30:00 Agra 31 M 27-05-1964 02:42:00 New Delhi
2 M 14-11-1975 21:45:00 Jind 32 M 03-03-1971 11:30:00 Sonipat
3 M 07-11-1965 06:18:00 A. F. C. 33 M 27-08-1952 15:30:00 New Delhi
4 M 08-08-1968 14:50:00 A. F. C. 34 M 16-06-1971 02:00:00 Kannauj
5 M 07-01-1978 02:35:00 Gurgaon 35 M 15-09-1964 09:10:00 Agra
6 M 30-09-1974 02:07:00 A. F. C. 36 M 17-03-1978 05:55:00 New Delhi
7 M 16-12-1974 19:50:00 A. F. C. 37 M 04-11-1965 03:40:00 Ratlam
9 M 16-08-1965 20:45:00 Agra 38 M 09-04-1926 14:10:00 Kanpur
10 M 08-08-1963 11:20:00 Agra 40 M 06-11-1963 19:10:00 Varanasi
11 M 14-10-1971 17:15:00 SriGangaNagar 42 M 01-09-1971 14:30:00 New Delhi
12 M 05-06-1964 15:50:00 A. F. C. 44 M 25-08-1975 06:03:00 New Delhi
14 M 01-07-1966 03:32:00 Kanpur 45 M 17-10-1974 21:30:00 New Delhi
15 M 20-01-1953 18:53:00 Tirunelvelli 46 M 27-01-1972 06:00:00 New Delhi
16 M 11-12-1966 18:30:00 Ajmer 47 M 16-07-1973 20:47:00 New Delhi
17 M 02-12-1971 22:54:00 Morena 48 M 15-01-1976 04:30:00 Hardwar
18 M 02-07-1964 10:20:00 Meerut 49 M 21-06-1967 09:10:00 New Delhi
19 M 21-09-1972 18:50:00 A. F. C. 50 M 11-02-1966 07:15:00 New Delhi
20 M 23-02-1954 00:15:00 Allahabad 51 F 05-06-1968 04:45:00 New Delhi
21 M 04-09-1978 08:20:00 A. F. C. 52 F 25-06-1975 09:08:00 Amroha
22 M 02-04-1961 02:48:00 A. F. C. 53 F 01-05-1975 23:45:00 Meerut
23 M 04-07-1932 06:34:57 Beawar 55 M 11-04-1961 04:20:00 Agra
24 M 20-07-1973 00:58:00 Gwalior 56 M 23-09-1965 08:40:00 New Delhi
25 M 11-03-1964 14:10:00 Ahmedabad 57 M 02-06-1968 21:45:00 Yamuna Nagar
26 M 06-04-1962 15:04:00 Nagpur 58 M 07-03-1973 12:55:00 Agra
27 M 24-08-1957 07:19:00 Aligarh 59 M 15-10-1965 16:34:00 A. F. C.
28 M 06-06-1976 05:10:00 A. F. C. 61 M 24-08-1973 08:25:00 New Delhi
29 M 15-08-1968 03:00:00 A. F. C. 62 M 14-11-1976 11:00:00 Rohtak
30 M 29-07-1974 17:00:00 Bulandshahr 63 M 20-05-1964 20:00:00 Phillaur
Place
64 M 28-06-1967 06:05:00 New Delhi 109 M 19-12-1952 22:53:00 Salem
65 M 22-09-1980 13:37:00 Patiala 110 M 11-09-1972 20:30:00 Meerut
66 M 03-10-1977 14:30:00 Pauri 111 M 18-05-1947 04:19:00 Mathura
67 M 01-08-1970 05:42:00 New Delhi 112 M 23-06-1968 05:45:00 Moradabad
68 M 02-11-1956 04:45:00 Amroha 113 M 06-09-1947 23:40:00 New Delhi
69 M 27-02-1975 12:58:00 New Delhi 114 M 17-02-1965 12:55:00 New Delhi
70 M 14-07-1959 08:12:00 Calcutta 115 M 21-12-1970 17:25:00 New Delhi
71 M 07-10-1964 03:15:00 Panipat 116 M 12-12-1963 08:00:00 New Delhi
72 M 07-09-1954 16:10:00 New Delhi 117 M 01-04-1954 20:20:00 New Delhi
73 M 03-08-1972 13:20:00 New Delhi 118 M 14-05-1956 00:10:00 Jaipur Rly St.
74 M 28-01-1970 03:45:00 Ghaziabad 119 M 25-08-1945 14:58:00 Chandigarh
75 M 03-09-1977 04:55:00 Meerut 120 M 15-11-1948 07:10:00 New Delhi
76 M 07-07-1972 07:30:00 New Delhi 121 M 19-04-1960 00:05:00 New Delhi
77 M 29-09-1958 05:42:00 Agra 122 M 08-08-1953 00:45:00 Etah
78 M 15-05-1935 04:35:00 Amritsar 123 M 10-10-1965 09:30:00 Pratappur
79 M 18-02-1955 05:04:00 Patiala 124 M 26-09-1973 18:18:00 Nalanda
80 M 07-10-1964 12:30:00 Chandigarh 125 M 23-06-1963 21:30:00 Allahabad
81 M 02-04-1964 16:04:00 Chandigarh 126 M 12-10-1960 18:10:00 Aligarh
82 M 10-12-1960 13:35:00 Chandigarh 127 M 26-08-1958 21:00:00 New Delhi
83 M 11-03-1967 08:30:00 Chandigarh 128 M 25-01-1972 16:10:00 New Delhi
84 M 04-04-1955 04:33:00 Chandigarh 129 M 26-06-1978 20:15:00 Sagar
85 M 24-04-1971 04:45:00 Chandigarh 130 M 09-01-1970 17:05:00 Lucknow
86 M 12-05-1954 03:07:00 Calcutta 131 M 13-09-1975 23:45:00 New Delhi
87 M 24-11-1937 09:06:00 Ludhiana 132 M 28-05-1971 02:00:00 Allahabad
88 M 24-10-1970 00:30:00 New Delhi 133 M 25-03-1972 06:30:00 Lucknow
89 M 20-04-1944 06:36:00 Ludhiana 134 M 11-06-1968 00:03:00 Lucknow
90 M 20-09-1961 15:25:00 Chandigarh 135 M 23-06-1978 18:23:00 Lucknow
91 M 01-01-1951 15:50:00 New Delhi 136 M 11-03-1969 04:30:00 Unnao
92 M 13-08-1971 11:45:00 Dehradun 137 M 15-04-1954 20:25:00 Farrukhabad
93 M 05-07-1966 01:20:00 New Delhi 138 M 07-08-1961 11:10:00 Lucknow
94 M 12-06-1932 12:12:00 Coonoor 139 M 07-02-1975 10:20:00 Anand
95 M 11-09-1977 20:44:00 Jalandhar 140 M 22-03-1966 11:40:00 Varanasi
96 M 26-12-1964 09:30:00 New Delhi 141 M 22-09-1948 01:36:00 Lucknow
97 M 24-04-1977 19:15:00 New Delhi 144 M 20-09-1968 06:08:00 Rae Bareli
98 M 19-09-1964 15:00:00 Gorakhpur 145 M 30-10-1958 16:50:00 Calcutta
99 M 06-10-1954 12:30:00 Kanpur 146 M 08-11-1961 03:41:00 Vijayawada
100 M 24-11-1955 09:56:00 New Delhi 147 F 17-05-1978 13:58:00 Meerut
101 M 26-01-1952 22:05:00 New Delhi 148 F 01-07-1955 21:30:00 Bulandshahr
102 M 28-03-1959 19:30:00 Raipur 149 F 14-05-1975 06:55:00 Mirzapur
103 M 26-09-1955 16:30:00 Allahabad 150 F 30-08-1957 18:25:00 Aurangabad
104 M 05-10-1934 04:30:00 New Delhi 151 F 30-08-1968 03:55:00 New Delhi
105 M 06-06-1971 06:30:00 New Delhi 152 M 21-09-1958 06:45:00 New Delhi
107 M 12-10-1963 13:12:00 Jalandhar 153 M 24-02-1963 09:30:00 New Delhi
108 M 11-05-1953 13:39:00 Palampur 154 M 27-07-1958 11:02:00 New Delhi
Ref
Place
155 M 09-09-1958 12:30:00 Sonipat 202 M 21-05-1971 07:35:00 Ahmedabad
156 M 18-03-1965 13:22:00 Hoshiarpur 203 M 25-08-1959 23:15:00 Mumbai
157 M 04-02-1964 12:20:00 New Delhi 204 M 22-10-1972 20:04:00 Ludhiana
158 M 17-05-1953 02:02:00 Kanpur 205 M 08-02-1964 11:08:00 Gorakhpur
159 M 07-06-1968 04:02:00 New Delhi 207 M 08-04-1970 19:30:00 Farrukhabad
160 M 05-06-1955 16:30:00 New Delhi 208 M 27-10-1956 16:58:00 Jalandhar
161 M 12-05-1960 06:32:00 Jaipur 210 M 24-09-1944 12:20:00 Kanpur
162 M 30-04-1945 09:15:00 New Delhi 211 M 18-10-1974 05:00:00 New Delhi
163 M 15-01-1952 20:12:00 Varanasi 212 M 29-04-1968 01:35:00 New Delhi
164 M 26-09-1960 06:30:00 Kanpur 213 M 03-12-1964 17:05:00 Akola
165 M 14-06-1969 19:53:00 Varanasi 214 M 04-05-1975 06:30:00 Udaipur
166 M 10-06-1973 17:00:00 Agra 215 M 06-07-1973 05:59:08 New Delhi
167 M 02-11-1972 12:25:00 Kanpur 216 M 05-03-1966 20:40:00 Faridabad
168 M 29-03-1961 00:05:00 Kanpur 217 M 28-04-1956 08:43:00 Sonipat
169 M 15-02-1976 07:00:00 Kanpur 218 M 14-06-1967 08:45:00 Calcutta
171 M 15-11-1975 02:45:00 Mathura 219 M 22-04-1979 04:10:00 Udhampur
172 M 04-05-1962 12:03:00 Kanpur 220 M 28-06-1970 08:00:00 Shamli
173 M 16-08-1975 11:47:00 Kanpur 221 M 04-06-1973 05:05:00 Bangalore
174 M 09-04-1973 06:00:00 Nagpur 222 M 17-03-1972 23:30:00 Bulandshahr
175 M 16-02-1964 13:25:00 Kanpur 223 M 18-07-1964 11:30:00 New Delhi
176 M 21-04-1974 19:16:00 New Delhi 225 M 30-04-1966 19:45:00 Ferozpur
177 M 07-07-1964 23:50:00 Mumbai 226 M 13-09-1960 10:15:00 Nagpur
178 M 05-11-1954 17:44:00 Coimbatore 227 M 11-11-1972 21:18:00 Varanasi
179 M 02-09-1969 06:05:00 Varanasi 228 M 08-09-1967 00:03:00 Gorakhpur
180 M 18-09-1973 16:30:00 Dehradun 229 M 03-02-1964 13:00:00 Siwan
181 M 02-07-1961 03:00:00 New Delhi 230 M 20-03-1972 14:10:00 Gorakhpur
182 M 02-01-1964 15:52:00 Bareilly 231 M 13-09-1966 12:05:00 Allahabad
183 M 08-04-1976 14:20:00 New Delhi 232 M 05-02-1970 06:40:00 Pathankot
184 M 03-07-1974 08:10:00 New Delhi 233 M 03-07-1976 23:55:00 Lucknow
185 M 02-11-1975 20:15:00 New Delhi 234 M 24-10-1962 22:05:00 Vaijapur
186 M 10-09-1950 20:41:00 235 M 01-07-1940 08:30:00 Nasik
187 M 28-09-1950 23:30:00 Mumbai 236 M 04-05-1960 20:10:00 Aurangabad
188 M 12-03-1968 23:26:00 New Delhi 237 M 28-08-1976 21:15:00 Jalna
189 M 25-06-1958 22:00:00 Gorakhpur 238 M 25-02-1962 20:30:00 Ahmadnagar
190 M 05-08-1971 22:04:00 Ballia 239 M 14-03-1963 20:00:00 Parbhani
191 M 09-03-1962 14:00:00 Chandigarh 240 M 28-12-1969 15:50:00 Jalna
192 M 04-04-1955 16:33:00 Chandigarh 241 M 23-07-1975 05:10:00 New Delhi
197 M 03-10-1960 09:00:00 Jodhpur 242 M 03-10-1970 12:25:00 New Delhi
198 M 03-10-1960 09:05:00 Jodhpur 243 M 24-03-1974 08:10:00 Bhopal
199 M 14-06-1972 12:05:00 Koraput 244 M 04-12-1976 06:42:00 Chandigarh
200 M 18-07-1969 10:00:00 Kanpur 245 M 14-10-1973 03:55:00 Ichallkaranji
201 M 28-09-1979 00:30:00 Firozabad 246 M 03-11-1973 10:10:00 Udaipur
Ref Sex
Place
247 M 04-10-1973 15:10:00 Mumbai 292 M 07-07-1975 19:02:00 Mumbai
248 M 01-04-1974 16:10:00 Khariar 293 M 05-11-1972 17:55:00 Mumbai
249 M 13-06-1972 17:39:00 Jagadhri 294 M 28-12-1977 10:50:00 Agra
250 M 04-10-1977 16:00:00 New Delhi 295 M 05-01-1977 08:14:00 Mumbai
251 M 05-07-1977 05:00:00 Lucknow 296 M 27-01-1975 03:35:00 Ganganagar
252 M 18-07-1975 01:45:00 Jagadhri 297 M 04-08-1976 20:40:00 Ajmer
253 M 19-10-1970 07:55:00 Surat 298 F 09-04-1978 08:30:37 Jaynagar
254 M 01-08-1977 13:37:00 New Delhi 299 M 25-08-1971 07:19:00 Ahmedabad
255 M 15-08-1977 05:26:00 New Delhi 300 M 08-10-1972 21:55:00 Hardwar
256 M 22-08-1976 06:25:00 Hissar 301 M 21-08-1977 00:09:00 New Delhi
257 M 24-02-1978 07:05:00 Faridabad 302 M 18-04-1974 20:05:00 Patiala
258 M 26-12-1977 08:45:00 Indore 303 M 21-07-1976 17:35:00 Meerut
259 M 12-01-1978 01:40:00 Mumbai 304 M 22-11-1976 17:30:00 Durg
260 M 26-07-1975 04:03:00 Ludhiana 305 M 09-12-1975 04:20:00 New Delhi
261 M 17-11-1977 05:28:00 Pune 306 M 17-08-1976 22:15:00 Jabalpur
262 M 28-12-1975 05:20:00 New Delhi 307 M 23-05-1975 23:30:00 Kosi
263 M 04-07-1977 22:34:00 New Delhi 308 M 09-07-1977 18:05:00 Mumbai
264 M 04-03-1973 09:30:00 Bangalore 309 M 12-05-1974 03:45:00 Jalgaon
265 M 31-03-1974 14:00:00 Bhopal 310 M 08-02-1978 05:32:00 Sanquem
266 M 07-07-1974 16:57:00 Jamshedpur 311 M 01-05-1974 11:00:00 Jalgaon
267 M 11-05-1975 07:28:00 Allahabad 312 M 20-10-1976 10:14:00 Digboi
268 M 06-10-1976 19:30:00 New Delhi 313 M 04-05-1975 03:50:00 Mumbai
269 M 12-01-1972 04:30:00 Hyderabad 314 M 15-07-1974 10:04:00 Hardwar
270 M 16-09-1975 17:25:00 Mumbai 315 M 07-12-1975 19:20:00 Bandra
271 M 17-05-1973 10:42:00 Kanpur 316 M 29-03-1974 10:45:00 Delhi
272 M 12-12-1971 15:15:00 New Delhi 317 M 25-10-1976 15:10:00 Udaipur
273 M 04-04-1976 11:30:00 Phulbani 318 M 04-08-1977 04:10:00 Jabalpur
274 M 07-11-1974 16:30:00 Kanpur 319 M 17-10-1976 06:20:00 Pune
275 M 14-05-1977 20:55:00 Jagdalpur 320 M 02-10-1975 09:10:00 Mumbai
276 M 20-11-1972 23:30:00 Panitola 321 M 05-01-1977 23:20:00 Surat
277 M 12-12-1974 04:30:00 Chandigarh 322 M 24-02-1972 21:35:00 New Delhi
278 M 06-08-1971 17:10:00 Mumbai 323 M 13-04-1977 22:30:00 Ballard Estate
279 M 24-03-1977 12:50:00 Pipar 324 M 01-08-1970 12:25:00 Vellore
280 M 01-03-1975 18:45:00 Kanker 325 M 04-11-1973 02:15:00 Bhiwani
281 M 25-11-1976 10:15:00 New Delhi 326 M 25-05-1976 05:10:00 Shahpur
282 M 06-01-1974 21:05:00 Mahesana 327 M 09-10-1976 04:30:00 Ambala
283 M 14-10-1976 15:42:00 Pune 328 M 18-11-1975 04:03:00 Calcutta
284 M 10-09-1973 05:30:00 Navalgund 329 M 17-08-1970 20:20:00 Mumbai
285 M 07-01-1975 10:00:00 New Delhi 330 M 14-02-1976 11:00:00 Faridabad
286 M 22-07-1976 05:10:00 Mumbai 331 M 21-06-1977 17:55:00 Rishikesh
287 M 26-03-1973 21:58:00 Thane 332 M 30-05-1975 21:30:00 Hassan
288 M 04-06-1977 03:21:00 Calcutta 333 M 20-11-1976 23:44:00 Hissar
289 M 22-06-1976 21:50:00 New Delhi 334 M 25-12-1975 23:55:00 Anand
291 M 11-02-1971 17:45:00 Yellapur 335 M 09-05-1977 17:30:00 Mumbai
Ref
Place
336 M 19-09-1977 01:36:00 Mumbai 380 M 29-03-1973 14:10:00 Chandigarh
337 M 26-12-1974 15:08:00 Alleppey 381 M 02-05-1978 22:00:00 Sonipat
338 M 11-04-1976 17:35:00 Amritsar 382 M 12-10-1977 23:40:00 New Delhi
339 M 13-05-1971 11:13:00 Surat 383 M 07-08-1975 08:51:00 Ahmedabad
340 M 16-02-1973 06:05:00 Agra 384 M 25-01-1977 16:02:00 Mumbai
341 M 28-12-1968 04:15:00 Ulhasnagar 385 M 29-10-1969 00:15:00 Bhavnagar
342 M 18-02-1968 12:12:00 Ambala 386 M 11-08-1973 00:20:00 Palampur
343 M 15-12-1977 17:15:00 Delhi 387 M 14-03-1975 10:50:00 Firozabad
344 M 21-09-1974 11:00:00 Mumbai 388 M 08-07-1974 18:10:00 Ahmedabad
345 M 25-04-1967 12:15:00 Ratlam 389 M 22-11-1969 15:16:00 Gorakhpur
346 M 07-07-1968 22:30:00 Jammu 390 M 05-01-1970 05:55:00 Mumbai
347 M 30-12-1977 23:45:00 Karnal 391 M 06-09-1963 07:45:00 New Delhi
348 M 29-01-1966 03:40:00 Imphal 392 M 21-11-1976 17:07:00 New Delhi
349 M 22-11-1975 02:45:00 Patiala 393 M 08-11-1968 09:06:00 Akola
350 M 23-07-1977 18:30:00 Saharanpur 394 M 27-08-1975 23:45:00 Mumbai
351 M 20-04-1968 17:05:00 Jaipur Rly Station395 M 19-02-1965 07:34:00 Baroda
352 M 28-01-1973 20:07:00 Surat 396 M 21-11-1966 19:03:00 Mumbai
353 M 15-07-1968 15:10:00 Ambala 397 M 01-07-1969 04:55:00 New Delhi
354 M 22-09-1964 00:23:00 Nagal 398 M 04-04-1974 20:35:00 Sendhwa
355 M 07-08-1975 19:15:00 Rohtak 399 M 17-09-1957 14:38:00 New Delhi
356 M 11-02-1970 11:30:00 Ahmedabad 400 M 30-07-1977 00:30:00 New Delhi
357 M 11-11-1977 21:05:00 Bareilly 401 M 03-08-1973 11:55:00 Agra
358 M 21-08-1960 05:29:00 Mumbai 402 M 22-04-1966 01:55:00 Chennai
359 M 06-01-1978 01:28:00 Dewas 403 M 29-06-1969 21:08:00 Simla
360 M 23-08-1969 05:30:00 Ahmedabad 404 M 03-06-1974 21:15:00 New Delhi
361 M 04-11-1974 22:16:00 Meerut 405 M 20-05-1972 09:10:00 Ambala
362 M 05-02-1978 06:07:00 New Delhi 406 M 28-12-1968 23:58:00 Mumbai
363 M 04-03-1976 01:15:00 Lucknow 407 M 25-02-1970 07:34:00 Mumbai
364 M 13-01-1978 09:10:00 New Delhi 408 M 06-02-1965 17:00:00 Ludhiana
365 M 25-11-1969 15:32:00 Belgaum 409 M 06-12-1969 19:00:00 Nadiad
366 M 20-06-1972 15:20:00 Mumbai 410 M 28-01-1974 13:47:00 Mirzapur
367 M 14-04-1977 19:30:00 Dasuya 411 M 24-05-1976 08:45:00 Gandhidam
368 M 06-06-1969 23:24:00 Dehradun 412 M 22-01-1972 08:10:00 New Delhi
369 M 17-07-1965 02:45:00 Panipat 413 M 25-12-1963 19:00:00 Mansa
370 M 20-11-1976 19:05:00 New Delhi 414 M 06-05-1977 20:25:00 New Delhi
371 M 02-03-1976 05:00:00 New Delhi 415 M 26-08-1977 13:28:00 New Delhi
372 M 14-10-1970 17:40:00 Mumbai 416 M 17-10-1976 01:55:00 New Delhi
373 M 23-07-1969 14:50:00 Gangapur 417 M 02-08-1976 08:25:00 Almora
374 M 02-12-1968 17:45:00 Deori 419 M 25-09-1975 17:24:00 Maharampura
375 M 27-01-1975 18:05:00 Pune 420 M 22-08-1969 09:06:00 New Delhi
376 M 17-12-1969 02:10:00 Mumbai 421 M 23-09-1972 17:05:00 Jalandhar
377 M 11-01-1976 05:17:00 Jalandhar 422 M 20-12-1972 12:50:00 Calcutta
378 M 17-01-1965 16:35:00 Delhi 423 M 29-11-1972 11:23:00 Mumbai
379 M 16-08-1972 17:55:00 Katni 424 M 08-12-1971 19:15:00 Khandwa
Place
425 M 26-02-1975 13:40:00 Pune 476 M 10-03-1961 23:00:00 Kaithall
426 M 28-08-1970 08:35:00 Kolhapur 477 M 29-03-1963 15:20:00 New Delhi
427 M 23-07-1976 02:23:00 Jaipur Rly St. 478 M 13-03-1967 21:45:00 New Delhi
428 M 04-11-1976 14:03:00 Mumbai 479 M 04-09-1963 21:31:00 Ulhasnagar
429 M 19-03-1972 15:05:00 Gwalior 480 M 07-06-1962 21:21:00 Surat
430 M 12-11-1971 07:19:00 Pune 481 M 05-05-1968 05:50:00 Bikaner
431 M 03-03-1978 23:01:00 Nanded 482 M 19-04-1964 06:10:00 Bhavnagar
432 M 17-10-1969 05:35:00 Nagpur 483 M 11-10-1968 16:10:00 Bangalore 434 M 16-12-1976 05:45:00 Ahmedabad 484 M 26-01-1970 07:15:00 Allahabad
435 M 09-06-1972 14:10:00 Muzaffarpur 485 M 15-10-1969 07:15:00 Allahabad
436 M 24-10-1974 13:30:00 Ahmedabad 486 M 25-10-1970 00:10:00 Calcutta
437 M 15-08-1963 01:14:00 Ranchi 487 M 20-11-1959 05:12:00 Mumbai
438 M 05-05-1972 15:30:00 Patna 488 M 18-11-1969 17:15:00 New Delhi
439 M 22-10-1968 16:20:00 Firozpur 489 M 12-07-1967 10:50:00 Danta
440 M 03-06-1977 14:45:00 Kazipet 490 M 25-12-1966 14:05:00 Mumbai
441 M 25-08-1976 18:55:00 Mumbai 491 M 15-08-1965 09:50:00 Delhi
442 M 16-05-1977 04:52:00 Dadar 492 M 03-08-1956 03:45:00 Vadodara
443 M 19-11-1971 07:45:00 New Delhi 493 M 25-03-1970 18:00:00 Bangalore
444 M 10-01-1971 21:21:00 Vijayawada 494 M 10-09-1968 12:29:00 Dinajpur
445 M 11-12-1975 13:35:00 Mahim 495 M 14-04-1972 20:30:00 Petlad
446 M 23-07-1969 23:50:00 Ahmedabad 496 M 06-06-1971 04:30:00 Vasai
447 M 03-09-1975 11:00:00 Alleppey 497 M 18-04-1971 10:30:00 Suri
448 M 30-01-1974 11:00:00 Karad 498 M 17-02-1972 07:13:00 Jaipur
449 M 02-09-1969 10:40:00 Calcutta 499 M 03-03-1974 21:13:00 Amritsar
450 M 06-12-1976 23:44:00 Chennai 500 M 23-08-1972 03:15:00 New Delhi
451 M 06-06-1974 13:50:00 New Delhi 5001 M 25-03-1975 19:26:00 Mumbai
452 M 13-12-1971 17:45:00 New Delhi 5002 M 22-01-1974 14:45:00 Ahmedabad
453 M 15-01-1973 18:35:00 New Delhi 5003 M 01-12-1977 04:20:00 Kanpur
454 M 19-04-1974 13:35:00 New Delhi 5004 M 29-10-1976 07:15:00 Mundhar
455 M 08-03-1978 17:55:00 New Delhi 5005 M 12-11-1975 01:30:00 Jorhat
456 M 14-07-1955 00:28:00 Mumbai 5006 M 12-07-1976 15:20:00 New Delhi
457 M 19-08-1974 21:30:00 Bharatpur 5007 M 15-06-1976 12:45:00 Baroda
458 M 21-06-1958 00:56:00 Mumbai 5008 M 13-10-1972 06:30:00 Bhagalpur
459 M 20-03-1970 23:10:00 Mumbai 5009 M 01-04-1978 04:00:00 Aurangabad
460 M 29-09-1977 00:50:00 Thane 5010 M 22-09-1973 09:07:00 Calcutta
461 M 21-01-1975 23:45:00 Mumbai 5011 M 14-12-1972 21:00:00 Agra
462 M 18-09-1977 04:50:00 Panna 5012 M 15-01-1977 09:38:00 Etah
463 M 15-08-1973 17:15:00 Agra 5013 M 15-03-1974 10:25:00 Tanda
464 M 28-06-1975 03:45:00 Mangalore 5014 M 27-02-1976 17:30:00 New Delhi
465 M 16-03-1971 22:20:00 New Delhi 5015 M 29-06-1970 22:30:00 Muzaffarnagar
466 M 02-08-1977 07:10:00 New Delhi 5017 M 25-09-1969 19:30:00 New Delhi
467 M 14-01-1974 15:15:00 Phagwara 5018 M 23-06-1956 12:55:00 Amritsar
468 M 05-11-1976 07:40:00 New Delhi 5019 M 14-06-1980 01:55:00 New Delhi
469 M 10-01-1973 08:10:00 Jabalpur 5020 M 14-09-1970 05:00:00 Baraut
470 M 30-05-1972 00:54:00 Mumbai 5021 M 28-08-1972 19:20:00 Calcutta
471 M 15-09-1977 03:30:00 Vidisha 5022 M 13-09-1962 20:20:00 Phagwara
472 M 28-05-1971 05:15:00 Bangalore 5024 M 21-10-1980 04:13:00 Kota
473 M 01-08-1955 03:22:00 Jamnagar 5056 M 19-08-1980 08:16:00 Kota
474 M 30-12-1969 05:30:00 New Delhi 5094 M 04-04-1971 23:17:00 Gwalior
475 M 17-08-1962 20:53:00 Hyderabad 5095 M 30-05-1942 05:18:00 Phagwara
Hkkx&2 : 504 ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh dqaMfy;k¡
501 F 29-08-1969 20:00:00 A. F. C. 543 M 13-05-1945 02:00:00 Mumbai
502 M 01-09-1971 00:05:00 A. F. C. 544 M 06-09-1947 23:17:00 Moradabad
503 M 19-07-1971 22:50:00 Allahabad 545 M 09-12-1971 21:20:00 A. F. C.
504 M 15-02-1967 14:12:00 Pirpainti 546 M 16-11-1980 00:40:00 A. F. C.
505 M 06-02-1962 11:15:00 Cuttack 547 F 07-06-1978 08:40:00 Amritsar
506 M 24-06-1971 19:15:00 A. F. C. 548 F 13-10-1950 08:40:00 Ambala
507 M 06-12-1959 11:25:00 Mathikere 549 M 27-04-1953 10:12:00 A. F. C.
508 M 15-07-1978 16:25:00 Rewari 550 M 21-01-1964 15:50:00 Allahabad
509 M 21-06-1975 08:00:00 A. F. C. 552 F 05-07-1969 18:10:00 New Delhi
510 M 17-09-1978 04:11:00 Ujhani 553 F 08-01-1951 05:30:00 Jammu
511 M 22-09-1967 12:10:00 A. F. C. 554 F 08-05-1978 19:58:00 Jamshedpur
512 M 07-09-1972 05:30:00 Meerut 555 F 23-05-1969 18:53:00 Danapur
513 M 01-10-1966 01:40:00 Bhopal 556 F 09-07-1978 07:55:00 Dibiyapur
514 M 02-02-1963 06:15:00 A. F. C. 557 F 18-06-1967 15:08:00 New Delhi
515 M 12-09-1970 21:15:00 A. F. C. 558 F 13-11-1974 22:52:00 Kanpur
516 M 09-02-1976 14:50:00 Luharu* 559 F 08-04-1967 16:20:00 New Delhi
517 M 05-10-1960 06:30:00 Washim 560 F 24-03-1978 10:34:00 Etawah
518 M 09-10-1973 04:00:00 Palghat 561 F 10-11-1978 16:40:00 Jaipur Rly St
519 M 31-03-1972 13:30:00 Kanpur 562 F 25-06-1966 19:37:00 Banswara
520 M 20-01-1966 13:54:00 A. F. C. 563 F 04-11-1977 00:30:00 Gopalganj
521 M 13-09-1963 07:55:00 A. F. C. 564 F 24-04-1956 12:30:00 Aurangabad
522 M 12-12-1959 10:38:00 A. F. C. 565 F 06-04-1974 12:56:00 Jamshedpur
523 M 23-01-1967 07:20:00 Mumbai 566 F 12-07-1978 18:30:00 Aurangabad
524 M 03-10-1960 12:10:00 A. F. C. 567 F 12-05-1970 03:30:00 Akola
525 M 28-08-1971 21:55:00 Barnala 568 F 07-01-1967 06:50:00 Patiala
526 M 21-06-1972 21:20:00 Nagpur 569 F 07-02-1965 04:45:00 New Delhi
527 M 24-07-1973 16:00:00 New Delhi 570 F 30-09-1963 07:55:00 New Delhi
528 M 14-10-1962 05:50:00 New Delhi 571 F 13-11-1959 08:50:00 New Delhi
529 M 17-11-1958 08:30:00 Agra 572 F 03-05-1974 01:05:00 New Delhi
530 M 04-02-1978 03:56:00 Mahendragh 573 F 29-12-1973 07:00:00 New Delhi
531 M 21-01-1978 06:28:00 Sonipat 574 F 13-08-1971 21:05:00 New Delhi
532 M 30-06-1970 21:23:00 Moradabad 575 F 14-08-1972 00:30:00 New Delhi
533 M 18-10-1971 20:45:00 Roorkee 576 F 08-10-1966 02:40:00 Lucknow
534 M 18-10-1955 20:20:00 Cuttack 577 F 05-01-1960 05:15:00 Hissar
535 M 09-03-1962 05:20:00 Kochi 578 F 12-10-1952 07:10:00 New Delhi
536 M 01-04-1978 14:50:00 Samastipur 579 F 26-02-1966 04:10:00 Sasaram
537 M 15-01-1965 06:30:00 Sikar 580 F 06-12-1979 21:45:00 New Delhi
540 M 24-11-1954 23:00:00 Samastipur 581 F 24-10-1976 01:30:00 Saharanpur
Ref. Sex
582 F 15-04-1977 04:00:00 Muzaffarnagar 626 M 27-01-1963 04:15:00 Bangalore
583 F 17-07-1968 08:00:00 Muzaffarnagar 627 M 28-04-1949 05:04:00 Bulandshahr
584 F 28-08-1979 08:55:00 New Delhi 628 M 25-07-1977 01:40:00 Gurgaon
585 F 12-03-1979 10:40:00 New Delhi 629 M 12-04-1979 21:40:00 Jaunpur
586 F 22-08-1973 12:15:00 Agra 630 M 12-08-1972 17:25:00 Rohtak
587 F 03-11-1968 14:05:00 Kanpur 631 M 15-04-1976 10:30:00 New Delhi
588 M 25-10-1968 19:20:00 Ludhiana 632 M 15-06-1973 15:55:00 New Delhi
589 M 01-08-1960 10:05:00 Phulera 633 M 23-08-1971 23:15:00 New Delhi
590 M 01-08-1966 23:45:00 Bhatinda 634 M 12-07-1970 16:12:00 Calicut
591 M 13-12-1967 21:19:00 Jind 635 M 22-12-1962 08:50:00 Rohtak
592 F 09-09-1971 19:43:00 New Delhi 636 F 16-07-1963 03:35:00 Rohtak
593 F 14-10-1959 17:30:00 New Delhi 637 M 27-06-1979 05:15:00 Ambala
594 F 09-08-1968 19:20:00 Meerut 638 M 11-07-1970 21:35:00 New Delhi
595 F 28-10-1969 19:10:00 Ghaziabad 639 M 08-01-1972 10:55:00 New Delhi
596 M 24-06-1932 12:30:00 Phagwara 640 M 04-12-1952 15:30:00 New Delhi
597 M 20-09-1937 17:06:41 Meerut 641 M 08-07-1965 06:45:00 New Delhi
598 M 02-02-1940 17:00:00 Saharanpur 643 M 14-03-1952 11:00:00 New Delhi
599 M 11-08-1976 07:15:00 New Delhi 644 M 17-03-1959 08:15:00 New Delhi
600 M 07-02-1971 18:55:00 Rewari 645 M 26-01-1964 22:30:00 New Delhi
601 M 23-09-1972 05:00:00 New Delhi 646 M 22-05-1930 20:35:00 Nainital
602 M 28-04-1932 13:08:00 Meerut 647 M 13-10-1975 08:45:00 New Delhi
603 M 03-06-1940 03:10:00 Meerut 648 M 26-02-1960 13:50:00 New Delhi
604 M 27-10-1935 03:34:00 Meerut 649 M 23-09-1967 05:40:00 New Delhi
605 M 16-03-1962 07:30:00 Meerut 650 M 27-10-1974 00:05:00 Jamshedpur
606 M 18-11-1951 22:27:00 New Delhi 651 M 04-08-1976 12:10:00 Chandigarh
607 M 28-07-1954 15:00:00 New Delhi 652 M 14-10-1979 11:40:00 New Delhi
608 M 09-03-1978 23:00:00 Khaga 653 M 19-02-1971 13:15:00 New Delhi
610 M 13-01-1944 23:00:00 New Delhi 655 M 17-04-1978 08:05:00 Calcutta
611 M 01-11-1946 17:13:00 Simla 656 F 16-06-1978 07:43:00 New Delhi
612 M 25-02-1970 09:40:00 New Delhi 657 M 09-09-1957 16:10:00 Kashipur
613 M 10-11-1957 16:32:00 Phillaur 658 M 30-06-1959 07:47:00 Itapur
614 M 21-07-1960 10:15:00 New Delhi 660 M 06-09-1932 15:42:00 New Delhi
615 M 07-07-1954 17:23:00 Ropar 661 M 30-12-1939 00:05:00 Kebang
616 M 23-01-1961 20:56:00 Nadiad 662 M 14-09-1963 04:15:00 Jhansi
617 M 11-11-1965 09:00:00 Gwalior 663 M 09-11-1961 05:15:00 Pathankot
618 F 25-05-1968 19:10:00 New Delhi 664 M 25-01-1970 05:30:00 Hoshiarpur
619 F 03-08-1973 01:05:00 Hapur 665 M 05-10-1949 10:45:00 New Delhi
620 F 12-07-1955 11:20:00 Bhubaneswar 666 M 25-12-1961 15:02:00 New Delhi
621 F 02-11-1958 15:30:00 New Delhi 667 M 15-07-1958 05:55:00 New Delhi
622 F 11-01-1971 05:15:00 Lucknow 668 M 28-06-1964 06:30:00 New Delhi
623 M 05-01-1973 05:45:00 New Delhi 669 M 28-08-1977 10:15:00 New Delhi
624 M 29-07-1973 06:40:00 New Delhi 670 M 28-10-1976 20:45:00 New Delhi
625 M 01-11-1976 21:30:00 New Delhi 671 M 20-12-1978 03:30:00 Moradabad
672 M 29-06-1972 05:45:00 Sikar 721 F 20-06-1969 03:30:00 New Delhi
673 M 02-10-1977 00:05:00 Nawalgarh 722 M 21-08-1966 05:45:00 New Delhi
674 M 29-07-1957 09:55:00 New Delhi 723 M 18-07-1950 20:47:00 Ambala
675 M 17-10-1960 21:00:00 New Delhi 724 M 19-11-1968 03:55:00 Chandigarh
676 M 23-05-1963 22:45:00 New Delhi 725 M 16-04-1937 07:15:00 New Delhi
677 M 10-03-1966 23:24:00 New Delhi 727 M 23-05-1965 05:02:00 Chandigarh
678 M 11-11-1968 05:30:00 New Delhi 728 M 31-03-1977 10:45:00 Jamalpur
679 M 28-07-1979 23:35:00 Gurgaon 729 M 13-02-1979 16:45:00 Ajmer
681 M 03-12-1970 03:30:00 New Delhi 730 M 05-08-1970 05:00:00 Shamli
682 M 07-02-1973 11:45:00 Jhansi 732 M 01-11-1976 05:55:00 Jalandhar
683 M 14-04-1972 21:00:00 New Delhi 733 M 25-10-1975 20:30:00 New Delhi
684 M 05-09-1953 08:25:00 Bulandshahr 734 M 17-11-1976 11:00:00 New Delhi
685 M 21-11-1973 17:28:00 Moradabad 735 M 25-03-1961 01:45:00 New Delhi
686 M 13-11-1973 04:21:00 New Delhi 736 M 06-07-1962 01:20:00 Cochin
687 M 09-11-1962 14:15:00 New Delhi 737 M 07-09-1961 14:50:00 New Delhi
688 M 21-05-1972 16:40:00 Sitamarhi 738 M 13-10-1974 14:24:00 New Delhi
689 M 07-09-1960 06:00:00 New Delhi 739 M 10-03-1956 07:28:00 New Delhi
690 M 21-08-1958 07:45:00 New Delhi 740 M 26-06-1959 05:00:00 New Delhi
691 M 07-02-1972 06:55:00 Amritsar 741 M 24-04-1948 22:00:00 Rajpur Sonarpur
692 M 07-04-1944 00:43:00 Pithoragarh 742 M 22-01-1958 02:19:00 New Delhi
693 M 19-09-1968 11:55:00 Jammu 743 M 09-11-1975 05:50:00 New Delhi
694 M 28-05-1973 14:15:00 Jammu 744 M 22-06-1944 16:43:00 Gurgaon
696 M 16-03-1950 02:45:00 New Delhi 745 M 12-02-1930 04:00:47 New Delhi
697 M 20-02-1956 01:05:00 New Delhi 746 M 09-11-1968 12:43:00 New Delhi
698 M 09-09-1968 16:50:00 Pathankot 747 M 05-09-1958 14:23:00 Srinagar
699 M 15-12-1971 17:30:00 New Delhi 748 M 02-12-1962 04:30:00 New Delhi
700 M 23-01-1968 01:00:00 Meerut 749 M 14-09-1967 23:20:00 Gorakhpur
701 M 05-04-1968 17:00:00 Sri Dungargarh 750 M 23-01-1977 16:28:00 Allahabad
702 M 27-02-1970 23:05:00 Hathras 751 M 30-12-1932 12:50:00 Mumbai
703 M 28-07-1962 22:35:00 Roorkee 752 M 03-11-1933 16:00:00 Agra
704 F 22-05-1970 21:50:00 New Delhi 753 M 26-10-1927 00:15:00 Meerut
705 F 07-05-1976 14:50:00 New Delhi 754 M 19-08-1965 18:30:00 Bangalore
706 F 16-04-1969 21:45:00 New Delhi 755 M 26-12-1970 14:40:00 New Delhi
707 F 25-05-1963 11:20:00 New Delhi 756 M 23-06-1965 01:40:00 Kanpur
708 F 13-09-1947 06:00:00 New Delhi 757 M 13-10-1954 17:30:00 New Delhi
709 F 18-03-1967 20:30:00 New Delhi 758 M 07-01-1934 13:42:00 Hasanganj
710 F 20-08-1968 07:25:00 Chandigarh 759 M 17-06-1965 05:00:00 Karwi
711 F 22-10-1950 10:22:00 Jalandhar 760 M 15-12-1972 02:10:00 Mathura
712 F 14-09-1973 14:07:00 Chandigarh 761 M 23-06-1972 15:15:00 Purwa
713 F 22-07-1972 05:04:00 Chandigarh 762 M 19-05-1956 09:42:00 Kamalganj
716 F 11-03-1967 14:00:00 Chandigarh 763 M 23-06-1977 15:15:00 *Godwa
717 F 16-08-1971 20:26:37 Chennai 764 M 27-09-1943 12:50:00 Agra
718 F 10-06-1956 07:20:00 Chandigarh 765 M 27-04-1964 04:11:00 New Delhi
719 F 16-07-1960 10:30:00 Amritsar 766 M 16-05-1956 20:29:00 New Delhi
720 F 01-05-1951 17:45:00 Karnal 767 M 14-07-1957 16:30:00 Jind
Ref. Sex DOB TOB Place Ref. Sex DOB TOB Place
768 M 24-10-1952 05:10:00 Patiala 814 M 12-09-1955 22:55:00 Hyderabad
769 M 27-01-1936 23:15:00 Gurgaon 815 M 16-01-1961 19:43:00 New Delhi
770 M 20-10-1942 07:30:00 Kota 816 M 02-03-1946 12:55:00 New Delhi
771 M 25-09-1931 09:44:00 Meerut 817 M 23-12-1945 08:00:00 Jammu
772 M 22-11-1961 14:20:00 Noida 819 M 30-08-1950 03:15:00 New Delhi
773 M 15-03-1966 15:10:00 Lucknow 820 M 10-04-1954 23:55:00 Chennai
774 M 08-08-1955 08:00:00 Sonipat 821 F 13-03-1948 10:30:00 Pune
775 M 08-05-1952 01:44:00 Mumbai 822 F 07-09-1974 01:08:00 New Delhi
776 M 23-12-1979 04:45:00 Ghaziabad 823 F 22-02-1959 19:15:00 New Delhi
777 M 25-11-1969 16:53:00 A. F. C. 825 F 30-10-1969 08:30:00 New Delhi
778 M 23-02-1977 10:53:00 Moga 826 F 28-01-1947 04:30:00 Mumbai
779 M 13-02-1970 10:45:00 New Delhi 827 F 26-11-1958 12:18:00 New Delhi
780 M 04-10-1945 19:45:00 Chandigarh 828 F 11-03-1957 23:35:00 Dhulian
781 M 26-02-1953 02:20:00 Chennai 829 M 16-05-1955 16:47:00 Chandigarh
782 M 05-05-1946 19:30:00 Ghaziabad 830 M 13-10-1956 16:00:00 New Delhi
783 M 22-01-1964 15:00:00 New Delhi 831 M 30-09-1956 23:30:00 Meerut
784 M 14-07-1973 02:14:00 Aligarh 832 M 08-04-1974 11:35:00 New Delhi
785 M 08-11-1969 21:30:00 New Delhi 833 M 24-02-1972 05:45:00 New Delhi
786 M 03-07-1974 04:52:00 New Delhi 834 M 16-01-1968 05:05:00 Bhopal
787 M 20-06-1975 13:45:00 New Delhi 835 M 14-07-1968 06:24:00 Jaipur
788 M 20-07-1964 10:21:00 Agra 837 M 28-10-1974 22:45:00 New Delhi
791 M 07-09-1940 15:53:00 New Delhi 838 M 11-09-1975 05:32:00 Khurja
792 M 27-07-1962 23:00:00 Jind 839 M 18-05-1976 06:25:00 Etah
793 M 18-11-1962 03:00:00 New Delhi 840 M 16-05-1969 16:00:00 New Delhi
794 M 01-01-1945 00:35:00 Karnal 841 M 02-04-1976 08:30:00 Nagercoil
795 M 06-06-1942 21:15:00 New Delhi 842 M 14-02-1973 10:00:00 Srinagar
796 M 22-11-1951 20:34:00 New Delhi 843 M 23-08-1975 14:15:00 New Delhi
797 M 27-09-1958 06:00:00 New Delhi 844 M 19-12-1973 19:45:00 Akot
798 M 13-10-1961 03:30:00 New Delhi 845 M 07-01-1970 05:00:00 New Delhi
799 M 10-12-1954 18:20:00 New Delhi 846 M 29-11-1969 13:15:00 *Krimanagar
800 M 27-09-1954 11:00:00 New Delhi 847 M 03-03-1977 20:30:00 Kanpur
801 M 31-10-1948 00:05:00 Khurja 848 M 27-08-1960 05:00:00 Farrukhabad
802 M 19-07-1952 11:30:00 Moradabad 849 M 12-05-1973 02:00:00 Farrukhabad
803 M 21-10-1967 12:10:00 Amritsar 850 M 25-01-1962 12:25:00 *BelaPratapgh
804 M 13-03-1972 16:55:00 Amritsar 852 M 06-09-1963 12:20:00 Bhiwani
805 M 11-07-1958 17:30:00 New Delhi 853 F 03-12-1947 23:31:00 Jaunpur
806 M 06-10-1954 12:52:00 Meerut 854 F 26-06-1971 16:00:00 Meerut
807 M 18-10-1950 11:20:00 Mumbai 855 F 03-05-1973 11:00:00 Banswara
808 M 07-01-1968 11:15:00 New Delhi 856 M 11-04-1964 00:10:00 New Delhi
809 M 08-09-1965 01:45:00 New Delhi 857 M 16-10-1961 08:12:00 Chandigarh
810 M 16-08-1968 23:31:00 Hanumangarh 858 M 15-02-1976 17:50:00 A. F. C.
811 M 09-02-1955 06:04:00 Bokaro 859 M 27-08-1973 05:30:00 Nainital
812 M 23-05-1953 20:10:00 Calcutta 860 M 01-09-1974 22:00:00 Karmala
861 M 14-10-1972 00:23:00 Lucknow 909 M 15-06-1974 23:45:00 Nangal Dam
862 M 26-01-1976 06:45:00 Jaunpur 910 M 04-03-1959 20:35:00 Pataudi
863 M 05-04-1976 08:50:00 Lucknow 911 M 25-05-1959 05:51:00 Jodhpur
864 M 29-07-1978 12:50:00 Chikhodra 912 M 20-05-1959 06:40:00 Panipat
865 M 06-11-1954 03:41:00 Chitrakut 913 M 05-07-1972 19:15:00 New Delhi
866 M 18-06-1967 06:00:00 Shahjahanpur 914 M 02-12-1969 06:17:00 Chengalpatta
867 M 11-08-1943 05:00:00 New Delhi 915 M 12-10-1975 09:30:00 Hapur
868 M 02-03-1947 11:00:00 Purnea 916 M 26-07-1971 08:40:00 Shivpuri
871 M 19-01-1972 04:00:00 Uttarkashi 917 M 18-04-1971 16:05:00 New Delhi
872 M 21-04-1978 23:20:00 Nasik 918 M 20-01-1961 22:46:00 Sanghol
873 M 25-05-1955 00:05:00 New Delhi 919 M 04-09-1970 03:40:00 Baghpat
874 M 03-03-1962 08:50:00 Coimbatore 920 M 10-10-1971 11:55:00 Kanpur
876 F 19-11-1961 14:35:00 New Delhi 921 M 03-11-1976 18:17:00 Delhi
877 F 23-05-1948 20:01:45 Bareilly 922 F 29-12-1979 17:42:00 Delhi
878 F 21-11-1977 22:48:00 New Delhi 923 M 04-09-1959 07:40:00 Nangal
879 F 21-12-1947 05:00:00 Meerut 924 M 25-08-1977 21:10:00 Bhopal
880 M 06-07-1927 17:13:00 Moradabad 925 M 23-10-1971 00:45:00 Meerut
881 M 16-02-1977 21:30:00 Bhusawal 926 M 01-09-1953 09:40:00 Bangalore
882 F 03-09-1970 21:30:00 Lucknow 927 M 04-12-1956 06:20:00 Jalandhar
883 M 13-07-1970 06:55:00 Kanpur 928 M 08-05-1975 03:30:00 New Delhi
884 M 02-02-1958 17:30:00 Calcutta 929 M 26-06-1976 05:40:00 Lucknow
886 M 18-03-1964 02:00:00 *Kudarkot 931 F 07-02-1974 05:34:00 New Delhi
887 F 26-12-1970 18:35:00 Mughal Sarai 932 F 21-11-1961 01:22:00 New Delhi
888 F 08-01-1971 05:05:00 Chandigarh 933 F 20-02-1978 09:15:00 New Delhi
889 F 24-07-1974 18:15:00 Meerut 934 F 20-10-1979 23:45:00 Calcutta
890 F 28-12-1965 22:30:00 Alwar 935 F 15-08-1973 19:57:00 New Delhi
891 M 20-07-1947 04:35:00 Calcutta 936 F 15-11-1963 04:10:00 Calcutta
892 M 22-02-1964 13:10:00 New Delhi 937 F 18-10-1967 11:45:00 Delhi
893 M 26-08-1970 11:58:00 Etawah 938 F 17-03-1970 23:40:00 agra
894 M 10-03-1951 22:30:00 Hooghly 939 F 27-10-1962 14:35:00 Azamgarh
895 M 28-05-1969 09:55:00 Coimbatore 940 F 26-08-1954 04:00:00 New Delhi
897 M 04-05-1969 15:10:00 Almora 941 F 11-02-1964 00:05:00 Kanpur
898 M 27-09-1961 02:20:00 Sahaswan 942 F 31-07-1964 12:59:00 Churu
899 M 11-09-1968 12:45:00 Shahjahanpur 943 F 23-10-1941 15:00:00 New Delhi
900 M 14-08-1968 06:35:00 Erode 944 F 16-09-1979 17:27:00 Gorakhpur
901 F 24-07-1975 18:34:00 New Delhi 945 F 27-04-1975 06:00:00 Lucknow
902 M 03-10-1958 00:38:00 New Delhi 946 M 29-07-1978 21:45:00 Gorakhpur
903 M 18-01-1968 15:35:00 New Delhi 948 M 05-12-1945 07:30:00 Banaras
904 M 02-09-1972 17:25:00 Mathura 949 M 18-06-1936 00:15:00 New Delhi
905 M 18-10-1956 08:25:00 New Delhi 950 M 17-04-1955 15:17:00 Sultanpura
906 M 11-08-1975 23:55:00 New Delhi 951 M 28-07-1951 10:25:00 Kanpur
907 M 15-08-1961 01:15:00 Shikohabad 952 M 18-10-1955 06:16:00 Chandigarh
908 M 04-09-1974 09:58:00 Dalmau 954 M 20-08-1968 19:25:00 Chandigarh
955 M 27-03-1965 21:30:00 Mumbai 995 M 18-11-1970 05:47:00 Surat
956 M 14-05-1976 13:00:00 New Delhi 996 M 15-11-1966 21:20:00 Bhavnagar
957 M 16-04-1969 20:45:00 Khamnore 997 M 10-03-1971 04:15:00 Varanasi
958 M 09-09-1946 23:45:00 Bulandshahr 998 M 27-08-1968 17:00:00 Sonipat
959 M 04-09-1973 17:02:00 Muzaffarnagar 999 M 19-04-1968 00:42:00 Chennai
960 F 26-05-1975 00:15:00 Jammu 1000 M 12-03-1970 08:20:00 Calcutta
961 M 27-05-1953 05:58:00 Rohtak 1001 M 08-12-1967 02:24:00 Panruti
962 M 15-10-1967 13:30:00 Kosi 1002 M 22-04-1972 04:55:00 New Delhi
963 M 12-12-1964 16:32:00 New Delhi 1003 M 17-11-1968 06:50:00 Jabalpur
964 M 15-10-1954 07:16:00 Lucknow 1004 M 01-10-1971 04:20:00 Durgapur
965 M 04-12-1973 17:50:00 Ramnagar 1005 M 11-03-1968 14:51:00 Mumbai
966 M 25-05-1973 12:15:00 Udhampur 1006 M 02-09-1967 13:42:00 Hindoria
967 M 11-11-1977 00:20:00 Udhampur 1007 M 19-08-1965 00:40:00 Coimbatore
968 M 18-07-1962 10:30:00 New Delhi 1008 M 19-01-1969 00:45:00 Muzaffarnagar
969 M 03-08-1976 05:30:00 Jodhpur 1009 M 05-01-1971 04:20:00 Jalgaon
970 F 27-09-1979 11:30:00 Karimnagar 1010 M 05-02-1968 04:00:00 New Delhi
971 M 06-03-1937 08:00:00 Gadag 1011 M 09-10-1978 22:50:00 Pune
972 M 26-05-1947 06:26:00 Hoshangabad 1012 M 08-04-1970 06:05:00 New Delhi
973 M 11-03-1929 01:00:00 Pandharpur 1013 M 27-09-1976 06:55:00 Patna
974 M 15-02-1942 14:15:00 Belgaum 1014 M 11-11-1978 13:05:00 Gwalior
975 M 06-12-1969 07:40:00 Vengurla 1015 M 04-12-1967 19:55:00 Jalandhar
976 M 02-07-1970 22:30:00 Aurangabad 1016 M 20-02-1977 03:05:00 Faridabad
977 M 16-11-1959 04:20:00 Nagpur 1017 M 08-08-1966 07:22:00 Agra
978 M 01-04-1963 19:30:00 Nagpur 1018 M 08-12-1958 13:35:00 Agra
979 M 06-08-1978 00:05:00 Mumbai 1019 M 14-06-1979 08:30:00 Chandigarh
980 M 14-03-1947 07:28:00 Gangapur 1020 M 01-05-1976 05:35:00 New Delhi
981 F 28-02-1947 21:45:00 Mumbai 1021 M 11-06-1967 11:40:00 New Delhi
982 M 13-01-1960 23:00:00 Aurangabad 1022 M 17-09-1972 05:55:00 New Delhi
983 M 14-09-1964 06:30:00 Sangli 1023 M 11-12-1951 09:50:00 Ambala
984 M 16-09-1972 06:50:00 Bangalore 1024 M 08-04-1979 21:35:00 New Delhi
985 M 13-09-1972 23:15:00 Amta 1025 M 11-05-1955 06:35:00 Jaipur
986 M 13-09-1977 05:20:00 Mumbai 1026 M 11-01-1960 10:50:00 New Delhi
987 M 20-08-1963 04:30:00 New Delhi 1027 M 03-09-1977 23:15:00 Moradabad
988 M 07-09-1960 10:00:00 Varanasi 1028 M 10-10-1972 05:21:00 Chennai
989 M 18-11-1952 08:15:00 Ahmedabad 1029 M 29-06-1975 13:50:00 Mumbai
990 M 24-05-1969 17:00:00 Gondal 1030 M 12-11-1978 12:40:00 New Delhi
991 M 05-04-1971 01:30:00 Hassan 1031 M 12-01-1962 13:20:00 Kanpur
992 M 02-06-1971 12:05:00 Rohtak 1032 M 04-08-1961 12:15:00 New Delhi
993 M 18-09-1967 12:15:00 Jammu 1033 M 12-10-1978 20:50:00 Jalandhar
994 M 07-01-1971 04:45:00 Gwalior 1034 M 15-12-1972 02:10:00 New Delhi
Hkkx&3 : 'kks/k ifj.kke ds ç;ksx ds fy, 10 O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;k¡
Øe tUe rkjh[k tUe le; tUe LFkku tUe jkT;
1 11-04-1971 19:55:00 jsokM+h gfj;k.kk
2 23-01-1977 16:30:00 y[kuÅ mÙkj çns'k
3 17-04-1955 15:20:00 dkuiqj mÙkj çns'k
4 14-08-1968 11:45:00 bjksM rfeyukMq
5 21-01-1964 16:00:00 vkxjk mÙkj çns'k
6 07-10-1972 17:45:00 gfj}kj mÙkjk[kaM
7 06-12-1976 23:45:00 dks;ecVwj rfeyukMq
8 13-06-1977 18:30:00 lgkjuiqj mÙkj çns'k
9 27-10-1974 00:30:00 te'ksniqj >kj[kaM
10 04-10-1953 19:00:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
Hkkx&4 : 'kks/k ifj.kke ds ç;ksx ds fy, 10 ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh dqaMfy;k¡
Øe tUe rkjh[k tUe le; tUe LFkku tUe jkT;
1 10-02-1966 08:15:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
2 01-09-1977 23:45:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
3 06-10-1977 16:00:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
4 25-11-1955 10:00:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
5 30-08-1957 07:00:00 Hkksiky e/; çns'k
6 18-07-1969 10:05:00 dkuiqj mÙkj çns'k
7 25-08-1972 03:15:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
8 23-01-1968 01:15:00 vkxjk mÙkj çns'k
9 25-01-1962 05:25:00 y[kuÅ mÙkj çns'k
10 12-03-1970 08:30:00 dydÙkk if'pe caxky
Hkkx&5 : egkn'kk&vUrnZ'kk vkSj uoka'k rFkk n'kka'k ds ç;ksx ds fy, 20
O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;k¡
Øe tUe fnukad tUe le; tUe LFkku O;olk; çkjEHk
01 12 Qjojh 1965 7%30%00 vkxjk] mÙkj çns'k eè; 2000
02 14 uoEcj 1975 21%45%00 Çtn] gfj;k.kk 2005
03 07 uoEcj 1965 6%18%00 uà fnYyh 1991
04 8 vxLr 1968 14%50%00 uà fnYyh 2008
05 7 tuojh 1978 2%35%00 xq#xzke] gfj;k.kk vçSy 2004
06 30 flrEcj 1974 02%07%00 uà fnYyh 2004
07 16 fnlEcj 1974 19%50%00 uà fnYyh 2012
08 16 vxLr 1965 20%45%00 vkxjk] mÙkj çns'k 1995
09 8 vxLr 1963 11%20%00 vkxjk] mÙkj çns'k 1987
10 14 väwcj 1971 17%15%00 Jhxaxkuxj] jktLFkku vkfn 1999
11 05 twu 1964 15%50%00 uà fnYyh 1990
12 1 tqykà 1966 3%32%00 dkuiqj] mÙkj çns'k 1989
13 20 tuojh 1953 18%53%00 fr#usoyh] rfeyukMq 1976
14 11 fnlEcj 1966 18%30%00 vtesj] jktLFkku 1995
15 02 fnlEcj 1971 22%54%00 eksjsuk] eè; çns'k 1998
16 02 tqykà 1964 10%20%00 esjB] mÙkj çns'k 1995
17 21 flrEcj 1972 18%50%00 uà fnYyh 2001
18 23 Qjojh 1954 00%15%00 ç;kxjkt] mÙkj çns'k 1985
19 04 flrEcj 1978 08%20%00 uà fnYyh 2006
20 02 vçSy 1961 00%48%00 uà fnYyh 1988
1- ÞO;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxß in Research Journal of Astrology, Jan.-Mar. 2020, ISSN 2278-7933. pp 28-32. New Delhi: All India Federation of Astrologers’ Societies.
2- ÞO;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx & 'kks/k ifj.kkeksa dk ijh{k.kß in Research Journal of Astrology, Jan.-Mar. 2021, ISSN 2278-7933. pp 24-29. New Delhi: All India Federation of Astrologers’ Societies.
Tanvi Bansal
Dr. Arun Bansal
Sitaram Singh
Punit Vora
izks- MkW- pUnz dkUr 'kekZ] çksQslj T;ksfr"k foHkkx] esokM+ fo'ofo|ky;] fpÙkksM+x<+] jktLFkku lq'khy vxzoky] 'kksèkkFkhZ] esokM+ fo'ofo|ky;] fpÙkksM+x<+] jktLFkku
_f"k&eqfu;ksa us vuojr ri] lk/kuk vkSj ifjJe ls tu&lk/kkj.k ds fy, vusd T;ksfr"kh; lw= fn,] ijUrq T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa O;olk;h cuus ds tk¡ps&ij[ks ladfyr lw= ugha feyrsA ;=&r= fc[kjs dqN lw= gh çkIr gksrs gSaA bldk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd çkphu le; esa vkthfodk ds lzksr lhfer Fks vkSj lwpuk&çlkj.k] ;krk;kr ,oa rduhdh {ks= Hkh fodflr ugha Fks] ftl dkj.ko'k euq"; vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z{ks= dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy, ck/; FkkA vk/kqfud ;qx esa vkthfodk ds lzksr vlhfer gSa vkSj lHkh çdkj dh rduhdh lgk;rk Hkh miyC/k gS ftlls euq"; vc vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z{ks= dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy, ck/; ugha jg x;k gSA vr% vk/kqfud lkekftd ifjikVh esa ^O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx* ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; gS ijUrq bl lUnHkZ esa iwoZ&fu/kkZfjr T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh deh ds dkj.k tu&lk/kkj.k dk mfpr ekxZn'kZu ugha gks ik jgk gSA bl vHkko ds fujkdj.k gsrq bl fo"k; ij 'kks/k fd;k x;k A bl 'kks/k ds vR;Ur mRlkgo/kZd ifj.kke çkIr gq, gSa ftudk çLrqfrdj.k bl ys[k esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
'kks/k&çdkj % ;g 'kks/k] vuqç;qä 'kks/k ¼Applied Research½ gS D;ksafd blesa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gS tks T;ksfr"k {ks= dh ,d vk/kqfud leL;k gSA ;g 'kks/k ,d fo'ys"k.kkRed 'kks/k Hkh gS D;ksafd bl 'kks/k ds çes;ksa dk vkdyu fo'ys"k.kkRed gksuk gh laHko gSA
vk¡dM+ksa dh ladyu fof/k % fo'o ds lHkh O;olkf;;ksa ds tUe fooj.k dk dksbZ ,dy lzksr ugha gS vkSj ;g Hkh vuqeku yxkuk laHko ugha gS fd fo'o esa dqy fdrus O;olk;h gSaA blhfy, bl 'kks/k esa vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu ¼Non-Probability Sampling½ fof/k viukbZ xbZ gSA vlEHkkO;rk fun'kZu esa Hkh mís';iw.kZ fun'kZu ¼Purposive Sampling½ fof/k viuk;h xbZ gS ftlesa çR;{k :i ls dsoy mUgha tkrdksa ds vkadM+s ,df=r fd;s x, gSa tks 'kks/k&fo"k; ds varxZr gksaA
vk¡dM+s % vk¡dM+ksa dh çkekf.kdrk ds fy, vkadM+ksa dk ladyu dsoy fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls gh fd;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjä] bl 'kks/k esa dsoy 40 lky dh mez ls vfèkd tkrdksa ds vk¡dM+s gh lfEefyr fd;s x, gSa D;ksafd vusd ckj ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd tkrd dqN o"kks± dh ukSdjh ds i'pkr O;olk; vkjEHk djrs gSa ;k dqN o"kks± ds O;olk; ds ckn ukSdjh esa vk tkrs gSaA bl 'kks/k esa 1008 dqaMfy;k¡ ladfyr dh xbZ gSa ftuesa ls 504 dqaMfy;k¡ ¼50%½ O;olkf;;ksa dh vkSj 'ks"k 504 dqaMfy;k¡ ¼50%½ ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dh gSaA
çes; % lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k vkSj vk/kqfud iqLrdksa [1&16] ds vkèkkj ij eq[; çes; fuEu :i ls oxhZ—r fd;s x, gSa %
yXu dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij
yXu esa rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd O;kikjdq'ky vkSj
xq.kh gksus ls /ku ykHk djrk gSA
yXu ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd
O;kikj esa yhu gksrk gSA
,dkn'k Hkko esa ;fn rqyk jkf'k gks rks tkrd fofo/k
O;kikj ls ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
n'ke Hkko esa pj jkf'k gks rks tkrd egRokdka{kh] çxfr'khy] /ku] eku o ;'k ds fy, fujUrj
ç;Ru'khy jgrk gS rFkk Lojkstxkj ;k vius futh
O;kikj }kjk ykHk ikrk gSA
xzg dh jkf'k&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij
lw;Z ;fn viuh mPp jkf'k] Lojkf'k ;k viuh
ewy&f=dks.k jkf'k esa gks rks tkrd vius ckgqcy ls èkuktZu djrk gSA
pUæ ;fn feFkqu jkf'k esa gks vkSj cq/k ls –"V gks rks tkrd /ku iSnk djus esa prqj gksrk gSA
pUæ ;fn rqyk jkf'k esa gks rks tkrd [kjhn&Qjks[r esa gksf'k;kj gksrk gSA
'kks/k
es"k ;k o`f'pd jkf'k esa ;fn eaxy fLFkr gks rks tkrd jkti{k ls lRdkj ikus okyk] Hkze.k'khy] lsukifr]
O;kikjh o /kuh gksrk gSA
rqyk jkf'k esa cq/k gks rks tkrd fp=dkjh o fookn esa yhu] ok.kh ls prqj] /ku dks bPNkuqlkj [kpZ djus okyk] vusd fn'kkvksa esa O;kikj djus dk bPNqd] czkã.k dk lEeku djus okyk] ns'kHkä] pkiywl vkSj 'kkfUrfç; gksrk gSA
xzg dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij
lw;Z ;fn yXu ls n'ke Hkko esa gks rks tkrd dks vusd m|ksxksa ls /ku ykHk gksrk gSA
,dkn'k Hkko esa cq/k gks rks tkrd dks vusd çdkj ls /ku ykHk gksrk gSA
yXu ls c`gLifr ;fn n'ke Hkko esa gks rks tkrd dks vusd O;kikj ls /ku ykHk gksrk gSA
c`gLifr ;k 'kfu ;fn lIre Hkko esa gksa ;k lIre Hkko dks –"V djsa rks tkrd lk>snkjh ds dk;Z vFkok oLrqvksa ds Ø;&foØ; ls vkthfodk dekrk gSA
f}rh; Hkko esa ;fn 'kqØ gks rks tkrd nwljksa ds /ku ls /kuoku] pk¡nh] lhlk vkfn O;kikj ls /kuoku] lnk
yM+diu ls ;qä] nqcZy nsg] fç; oäk vkSj cgqrksa dk ikyd gksrk gSA
'kqØ ;fn uoe Hkko esa gks rks tkrd vius Hkqtcy ls /ku&lq[k miktZu djus okyk gksrk gSA
'kqØ ;fn ,dkn'k ;k f}rh; Hkko esa gks vkSj r`rh; Hkko cyoku gks rks tkrd O;kikj esa lQyrk ikrk gSA
yXu ls n'ke Hkko esa 'kfu gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls /kukxeu gksrk gSA
Hkkos'k dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij
yXus'k ;fn n'ke Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
f}rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa ;k f}rh; Hkko esa ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;olk;h gksrk gSA
f}rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks tkrd lHkh
çdkj ls ykHk djus okyk] lnk m|ksxh] ekuh vkSj
;'kLoh gksrk gSA
r`rh;s'k ;fn yXu esa ;k n'ke Hkko esa ;k ,dkn'k
Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls /kuh gksrk gSA
r`rh;s'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikj ls èkuh] fcuk i<+k&fy[kk Hkh cqf)eku] lkglh vkSj
nwljksa dh lsok djus okyk gksrk gSA
prqFksZ'k ;fn r`rh; Hkko ;k iape Hkko esa gks rks tkrd
Lo&Hkqtcy ls /kuktZu djus okyk gksrk gSA
lIres'k ;fn f}rh; Hkko esa gks vkSj cq/k lIre Hkko esa gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
uoes'k ;fn ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks tkrd fuR; ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
,dkn'ks'k ;fn yXu esa ;k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gks rks
tkrd lnk ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
}kn'ks'k ;fn v"Ve Hkko esa gks rks tkrd vf/kd ykHk djus okyk gksrk gSA
xzgksa dh ijLij fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij
lw;Z vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd ukVî dekZfn
esa ç;ksx dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ls ;k
'kL=ksa ds O;kikj ls thfodk dekus okyk gksrk gSA
'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx ¼lw;Z fLFkr Hkko ls 'kfu vxys
Hkko esa gks] vFkkZr lw;Z&'kfu f}&}kn'k gksa½ gks rks
O;kikj&dyk esa cqf) j[kus] nwljs dk /ku gj.k djus okyk vkSj xq#}s"kh gksrk gSA
pUæ yXu esa] eaxy ,oa 'kqØ gksa rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa ;fn eaxy vkSj 'kqØ dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd Lo.kZ&eksrh vkfn dk O;kikj vkthfodk gsrq djrk gSA
pUæ vkSj cq/k dh ;qfr gks rks tkrd fe"VHkk"kh] èkuktZu esa iVq] lkSHkkX; vkSj dhfrZ ls ;qä gksrk gSA
pUæ vkSj 'kqØ dh ;fn ;qfr gks rks tkrd Ø;&foØ; esa prqj] 'kwj] l–'k rFkk iq=&L=h ls ;qä gksrk gSA
pUæ&c`gLifr ;k pUæ&'kqØ ;fn ijLij f}&}kn'k gksa rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
pUæ ls lw;Z ;fn n'ke Hkko esa gks rks tkrd dks vusd m|ksxksa ls /ku ykHk gksrk gSA
pUæ ls c`gLifr ;fn r`rh; Hkko esa vkSj 'kqØ ,dkn'k
Hkko esa gks rks tkrd LorU= O;olk; djrk gSA
pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa 'kqØ gks rks tkrd O;kikjh gksrk gSA
pUæ ls n'ke Hkko esa 'kfu gks rks Hk`R;ksa ls /kukxeu gksrk gSA
pUæ ls ;fn 'kqHk xzg dsUæ esa gksa rks tkrd O;olk; ls ykHk dekrk gSA
eaxy vkSj cq/k dh ;qfr gks gks rks tkrd of.kd deZjrh gksrk gSA
vkadM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj ifj.kke
çLrqr 'kks/k&çcU/k dh tUedqaMfy;ksa dk vfr foLr`r vkdyu fd;k x;k gS ftlls mijksä çes;ksa dh fl)rk ij[kh tkus ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw= çkIr gksus dh lEHkkouk Hkh jghA
1½ yXu esa fLFkr fuEu jkf'k esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj vf/kd gksrh gS %
es"k o`"k feFkqu ddZ flag dU;k rqyk o`f'pd /kuq edj dqEHk ehu yXu
yXu] n'ke vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko esa rqyk jkf'k gksus ds çes; fl) ugha gq,A n'ke Hkko esa pj jkf'k gksus dk vFkZ gS fd yXu esa Hkh pj jkf'k gksxh] ;g çes; dsoy es"k vkSj edj ij gh fl) gqvk] vFkkZr dsoy vkaf'kd :i ls gh fl) gqvkA yXu esa feFkqu jkf'k gksus ij O;olk;h cuus dh nj vfèkd gksrh gS] ;g ,d uohu lw= gSA
2½ xzg ;fn fuEu of.kZr jkf'k;ksa esa gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vf/kd gksrh gS % es"k
lw;Z
pUæ eaxy
cq/k c`g'kqØ 'kfu jkgq dsrq
lw;Z dk mPp jkf'k es"k vkSj eaxy dk Lojkf'k es"k esa gksus dk çes; fl) gqvkA lw;Z dk ewy&f=dks.k@Lojkf'k flag jkf'k&fLFkfr] pUæ dh feFkqu ;k rqyk jkf'k&fLFkfr] eaxy dh o`f'pd jkf'k&fLFkfr vkSj cq/k dks rqyk jkf'k&fLFkfr ds çes; fl) ugha gq,A mijksä vkdyu ls dqN uohu lw= Hkh çkIr gq, ftudks fl) çes;ksa ds lkFk mijksä rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
3½ xzg ;fn fuEu of.kZr Hkkoksa esa gksa rks O;olk;h cuus dh nj vf/kd gksrh gS %
'kks/k
lw;Z
pUæ
eaxy
cq/k c`g'kqØ 'kfu jkgq dsrq
'kfu dk lIre Hkko esa gksus dk çes; fl) gqvkA
lw;Z dh n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr] cq/k dh ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr] c`gLifr dh lIre Hkko&fLFkfr] 'kqØ dh f}rh;] uoe ;k ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr vkSj 'kfu dh n'ke uoe ;k ,dkn'k ds çes; fl) ugha gq,A
mijksä vkdyu ls dqN uohu lw= Hkh çkIr gq, ftudks fl) çes;ksa ds lkFk mijksä rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA mijksä rkfydk ls ;g Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd xzg dh lIre Hkko&fLFkfr O;olk;h cuus esa lokZf/kd lgk;d gksrh gSA
4½ Hkkos'k dh fofHkUu fuEu of.kZr Hkko&fLFkfr esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj ls vf/kd gksrh gS %
yXus'k f}rh;s'k r`rh;s'k prqFksZ'k iapes'k "k"Vs'k lIres'k v"Ves'k uoes'k n'kes'k ,dkn'ks'k }kn'ks'k
yXus'k dh n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr] f}rh;s'k dh yXu ;k f}rh; Hkko&fLFkfr] r`rh;s'k dh yXu ;k n'ke ;k ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr] prqFksZ'k dh r`rh; Hkko&fLFkfr] lIres'k dh f}rh; Hkko fLFkfr] uoes'k dh ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr] ,dkn'ks'k dh yXu ;k ,dkn'k Hkko&fLFkfr vkSj }kn'ks'k dh v"Ve Hkko&fLFkfr ds çes; fl) ugha gq,A xzgksa dh Hkko&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij çkIr lHkh lw= uohu gSaA mijksä rkfydk ls ;g Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkkos'k dh lIre Hkko&fLFkfr O;olk;h cuus esa lokZf/kd lgk;d gksrh gSA
5½ xzgksa dh fuEu of.kZr ijLij fLFkfr;ksa esa O;olk;h cuus dh nj ls vf/kd gksrh gS %
lw;Z pUæ eaxy cq/k
'kks/k
c`gLifr 'kqØ 'kfu jkgq dsrq
lw;Z - VII,IX,XI VIII,X,XII - II,VI,VII,IX XI IV,VIII,IX,X X,XI IV,V
pUæ III,V,VII - I,II,IV II,III,V,VI,X II,VIII I,V,VI,VII V,VII IV,VIII,IX, XI,XII II,III,V,VI,X eaxy II,IV,VI I,X,XII - II,V,VI,X III,VIII II,III,IV,VII III,VIII III,VIII,XII II,VI,IX
cq/kIV,VIII,IX, XI,XII IV,VIII,IX, XII - I,II,III,VII - IV,VIII,IX II,V,XII VI,VIII,XI
c`gLifr V,VII,X,XII VI,XII VI,XI I,VII,XI,XII - X,XI III,IV,V VI,VIII,X II,IV,XII
'kqØ III I,VII,VIII,IX VII,X,XI, XII - III,IV - III,VI,IX III,VI,X IV,IX,XII
'kfu IV,V,VI,X VII,IX VI,XI V,VI,X V,X,XI V,VIII,XIIII,IV,V,VI, VIII II,IX,X,XI, XII
jkgq III,IV II,III,V,VI,X II,VI,XI II,IX,XII IV,VI,VIII IV,VIII,XI VI,VIII,IX, X,XI - -
dsrq IX,X IV,VIII,IX, XI,XII V,VIII,XII III,VI,VIII II,X,XII II,V,X II,III,IV,V, XII -pUæ ls eaxy dh ;qfr] pUæ ls 'kqØ dh ;qfr vkSj pUæ ls c`gLifr dh f}rh; Hkko&fLFkfr ds çes; fl) gq,A
lw;Z&'kqØ dh ;qfr] 'kfu ls osf'k ;ksx] pUæ ls lw;Z dh n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr] pUæ ls n'ke esa eaxy ;k 'kqØ] pUæ vkSj cq/k dh ;qfr] pUæ ls 'kqØ dh f}rh; Hkko&fLFkfr] pUæ ls c`gLifr dh r`rh; Hkko&fLFkfr] pUæ ls 'kqØ dh n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr] pUæ ls 'kfu dh n'ke Hkko&fLFkfr] pUæ ls 'kqHk xzgksa dk dsUæ esa gksuk vkSj eaxy&cq/k dh ;qfr ds çes; fl) ugha gq,A xzgksa dh ijLij Hkko&fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij vusd uohu lw= Hkh çkIr gq, gSa ftudks fl) çes;ksa ds lkFk mijksä rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
lUnHkZ xzUFk&lwph
1- Cole, A.H. (1969). Definition of Entrepreneurship. J. L. Komives (Ed.), Karl A. Bostrom Seminar in the Study of Enterprise. Milwaukee, USA: Center for Venture Management
2- Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management. New York, USA : Harper Collins e-books.
3- Gartner, W. B. (1988). ET&P. USA: University of Baltimore Education Foundation.
4- 'kekZ] y- u- ¼2013½- T;ksfr"k çnhi- ubZ fnYyh % ;wfud‚uZ cqDlA
5- oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqosZnh] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh % eksrhyky cukjlhnkl-
6- ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k % ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlkn-
7- tSfeuh- ¼2014½- tSfeuh lw=e- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh % jatu ifCyds'kUl-
8- ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh % jatu ifCyds'kUl-
9- ekulkxj- ¼2008½- ekulkxjh- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k % Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkj-
10- eU=s'oj- ¼2010½- Qynhfidk- ¼xksis'k dqekj vks>k] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh % eksrhyky cukjlhnkl-
11- osadVs'k- ¼2004½- lokZFkZ fparkef.k- ¼xq# çlkn xkSj] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k % pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'ku12- oS/kukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh % jatu ifCyds'kUl13- <qf.<jkt- ¼2008½- tkrdkHkj.ke- ¼lhrkjke >k Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k % Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkj14- ikBd] egknso- ¼2014½- tkrdrÙoe- ¼gfj'kadj ikBd] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k % pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'ku15- xkSj] ,s- ds- duZy- ¼2011½- T;ksfr"k vkSj vkthfodk- ubZ fnYyh % ok.kh ifCyds'kUl16- dqekj] —- ¼2005½- vkthfodk fopkj- ubZ fnYyh % vYQk ifCyds'kUl-
Tanvi Bansal
By R. Harishankar
O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx & 'kks/k ifj.kkeksa dk ijh{k.k lq'khy vxzoky 30 ljdkjh ukSdjh ;ksx % T;ksfr"kh; fo'ys"k.k vkse izdk'k 'kekZ
v"VdwV esykid ouhr 'kekZ 39 esykid esa eaxy dk izHkko
lfpu vk=s;
mnj jksx esa xzg ;ksx dh leh{kk vpZuk 'kqDyk
48 T;ksfr"k ,oa f'k{kk
ia- n;kuan 'kkL=h 50 fookg js[kk ls tkusa fookg ds ;ksx MkW- vfer dqekj jke
okLrquqdqy gS dU;kdqekjh dk eafnj dqynhi lywtk
dkjdks Hkkouk'kk; & ,d Hkzeiw.kZ fl)kar ujs'k pUnz
izks- MkW- pUnz dkUr 'kekZ] çksQslj T;ksfr"k foHkkx] esokM+ fo'ofo|ky;] fpÙkksM+x<+] jktLFkku lq'khy vxzoky] 'kksèkkFkhZ] esokM+ fo'ofo|ky;] fpÙkksM+x<+] jktLFkku
thfodk&;kiu ds nks eq[; lzksr gSa& O;olk; vkSj ukSdjhA O;olk; esa v/khurk dk Hkko ugha gksrk] blhfy, vPNs&vPNs inksa ij vklhu O;fä;ksa ds eu esa Hkh O;olk;h cuus dh çcy bPNk gksrh gS] ijUrq tk¡ps&ij[ks T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh deh ds dkj.k tkrdksa dk mfpr T;ksfr"kh; ekxZn'kZu ugha gks ikrkA T;ksfr"kh; lw=ksa dh deh dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd çkphu le; esa budh vko';drk gh ugha Fkh D;ksafd çR;sd O;fä vius ikfjokfjd vkthfodk miktZu&lk/ku dk fuoZgu djus ds fy, ck/; FkkA T;ksfr"kh; xzUFkksa esa blh vHkko ds fujkdj.k gsrq ^O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx* fo"k; ij 'kks/k fd;k x;kA ;g 'kks/k] vuqç;qä 'kks/k ¼Applied Research½ gS D;ksafd blesa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksxksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gS tks T;ksfr"k {ks= dh ,d vk/kqfud leL;k gSA
2- ys[k dh fo"k;&oLrq
bl 'kks/k ds varxZr 1008 tkrdksa dh dqaMfy;ksa dks ,df=r fd;k x;kA lHkh vk¡dM+s iw.kZ :i ls çkekf.kd gSaA bu 1008 dqaMfy;ksa esa ls 504 dqaMfy;k¡ O;olkf;;ksa dh gSa vkSj 504 ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa dhA blds vfrfjä] bl 'kks/k esa dsoy 40 lky dh mez ls vf/kd tkrdksa ds vk¡dM+s gh lfEefyr fd;s x, gSa D;ksafd vusd ckj ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd tkrd dqN o"kksaZ dh ukSdjh ds i'pkr~ O;olk; vkjEHk djrs gSa ;k dqN o"kksaZ ds O;olk; ds ckn ukSdjh esa vk tkrs gSaA
lkfgfR;d losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij 'kks/k esa dqy 69 ifjdYiukvksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k vkSj mUgsa 1008 dqaMfy;ksa ij ij[kk x;kA vkdyu dk nk;jk foLrh.kZ j[kk x;k] ftlls ifjdYiukvksa ds ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lw=ksa ds mHkjus dh laHkkouk Hkh jgsA ifj.kke esa vusd lkfgfR;d lw= fl) gq, vkSj miyfC/k ds rkSj ij uohu lw= Hkh çkIr gq,A
bl ys[k esa 'kks/k ds varxZr çkIr fu"d"kZ vkSj miyfC/k;ksa esa ls 20 eq[; ;ksxksa dk p;u djds 20 uohu çk:iksa ij ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA bu 20 uohu çk:iksa esa ls 10 çk:i O;olkf;;ksa ds vkSj 10 ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ds gSaA
3- ijh{k.k dk ifj.kke
3-1 O;olk;h
ç;ksx esa fy;s x, O;olkf;;ksa ds uohu çk:i fuEu gSa %
Øe tUe rkjh[k tUe le; tUe LFkku tUe jkT;
1 11-April-1971 19:55:00 jsokM+h gfj;k.kk
2 23-January-1977 16:30:00 y[kuÅ mÙkj çns'k
3 17-April-1955 15:20:00 dkuiqj mÙkj çns'k
4 14-August-1968 11:45:00 bjksM rfeyukMq
5 21-January-1964 16:00:00 vkxjk mÙkj çns'k
6 07-October-1972 17:45:00 gfj}kj mÙkjk[kaM
7 06-December-1976 23:45:00 dks;ecVwj rfeyukMq
8 13-January-1977 18:30:00 lgkjuiqj mÙkj çns'k
9 27-October-1974 00:30:00 te'ksniqj >kj[kaM
10 04-October-1953 19:00:00 ubZ fnYyh fnYyh
O;olkf;;ksa ds mijksä 10 çk:iksa dk eq[; 20 ;ksxksa ij vkdyu djus ds ckn fuEu ifj.kke Kkr
ds çFke d‚ye esa ;ksx la[;k] f}rh; d‚ye esa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx] fQj 10 d‚ye esa
vafre d‚ye esa ,d la[;k of.kZr gS] tks ;g n'kkZrh gS fd ;g ;ksx fdrus çk:iksa ij fl) gqvkA
mijksä ifj.kke dks ckj&pkVZ ds ek/;e ls fuEu :i ls n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA Y&,fDll esa Øe'k% 1 ls 20 ;ksxksa dh la[;k gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij geus ns[kk fd ;ksx 10 lHkh dqaMfy;ksa ij yx jgk gS] rks mijksä rkfydk esa la[;k 10 ns[ksaxs rks 'kfu dk uoe Hkko ls laca/k dk ;ksx gSA X&,fDll dqaMfy;ksa ;k çk:iksa dh la[;k gSA
3-2 ukSdjhis'kk
ç;ksx esa fy;s x, ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa ds uohu çk:i fuEu gSa%
ukSdjhis'kk ds mijksä 10 çk:iksa dk eq[; 20 ;ksxksa ij vkdyu djus ds ckn fuEu ifj.kke Kkr gq,A fuEu lkj.kh ds çFke d‚ye esa ;ksx la[;k] f}rh; d‚ye esa O;olk;h cuus ds ;ksx] fQj 10 d‚ye esa uohu çk:iksa
Øe vkSj vafre d‚ye esa ,d la[;k of.kZr gS] tks ;g n'kkZrh gS fd ;g ;ksx fdrus çk:iksa ij fl) gqvkA
mijksä ifj.kke dks ckj&pkVZ ds ek/;e ls fuEu :i ls n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA Y&,fDll esa Øe'k% 1 ls 20 ;ksxksa dh la[;k gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij geus ns[kk fd ;ksx 15 fdlh Hkh ukSdjhis'kk tkrd dh dqaMyh ij ugha yx jgk gS] rks mijksä rkfydk esa la[;k15 ns[ksaxs] rks }kn'ks'k dk VI] IX ;k XII Hkko esa fLFkr gksus dk ;ksx gSA X&,fDll dqaMfy;ksa ;k çk:iksa dh la[;k gSA
4- fu"d"kZ
O;olk;h cuus ds mijksä 20 ;ksxksa dks egÙo ds vk/kkj fuEu :i ls lwphc) fd;k tk ldrk gS %
;ksx 10] lHkh O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g ;ksx dsoy 2 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxkA
;ksx 16 vkSj 20] O;olkf;;ksa dh 8 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g ;ksx dsoy 2 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxkA
;ksx 1] 2] 3] 6] 13] 15 vkSj 19] O;olkf;;ksa dh dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g fdlh Hkh dqaMyh ij ugha yxkA
;ksx 8] O;olkf;;ksa dh 7 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g dsoy 3 dqaMyh ij gh yxkA
;ksx 7 vkSj 18] O;olkf;;ksa dh 6 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g Øe'k% 3 vkSj 2 dqaMfy;ksa ij gh yxkA
'kks/k
;ksx 4] O;olkf;;ksa dh 4 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g dsoy 1 dqaMyh ij gh yxkA
;ksx 11] 12 vkSj 14 dk egÙo mijksä ls de fl) gqvk D;ksafd ;s O;olkf;;ksa esa Øe'k% 3] 5 vkSj 5 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g Øe'k% 1] 2 vkSj 2 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk A ;ksx 5] 9 vkSj 17 dk dksbZ egÙo ugha fl) gqvk D;ksafd ;s O;olkf;;ksa esa Øe'k% 2] 5 vkSj 5 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxk] tcfd ukSdjhis'kk tkrdksa esa ;g Øe'k% 2] 4 vkSj 3 dqaMfy;ksa ij yxkA
O;olkf;;ksa ds çk:iksa ij tks lkfgfR;d lw= fl) gq, vkSj tks uohu lw= yxs] mudh lwph fuEu gSa%
fl) lkfgfR;d lw= lw~;Z es"k jkf'k esa] pUæ lIre Hkko esa] eaxy es"k jkf'k esa] 'kfu lIre Hkko esa] yXus'k ,dkn'k Hkko esa] pUæ ls cq/k r`rh; Hkko esa vkSj pUæ&'kqØ dh ;qfr
fl) uohu lw=
lUnj~Hk xzUFk&lwph
lw;Z o`"k rFkk ehu esa] lw;Z VI rFkk VII esa] pUæ flag rFkk edj esa] pUæ X esa] eaxy o`"k esa] eaxy IV] VII] VIII rFkk X esa] 'kfu IX rFkk XII esa] c`gLifr es"k] o`"k] feFkqu] dqEHk rFkk ehu esa] 'kqØ es"k ,oa dqEHk esa] 'kfu dk laca/k IX ls] yXus'k VI rFkk VII esa] f}rh;s'k V] VII rFkk VIII esa] r`rh;s'k IV rFkk VII esa] ,dkn'ks'k IV] VI] VIII rFkk X esa] }kn'ks'k VI rFkk IX esa] pUæ ls cq/k II] V rFkk X] pUæ ls 'kqØ V esa]pUæ ls jkgq IV] IX rFkk XII] cq/k ls 'kfu IV] VIII rFkk IX vkSj 'kfu ls jkgq III] IV] VI rFkk VIII
1- oekZ] dY;k.k- ¼2013½- lkjkoyh- ¼e- prqoZsnh] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh% eksrhyky cukjlhnklA
2- ijk'kj- ¼2000½- c`gRikjk'kjgksjk'kkL=e~ ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% ekLVj f[kykM+h yky ladVk çlknA
3- tSfeuh- ¼2014½- tSfeuh lw=e~ ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
4- ojkgfefgj- ¼2014½- c`gTtkrde~- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
5- ekulkxj- ¼2008½- ekulkxjh- ¼lhrkjke >k] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
6- eU=s'oj- ¼2010½- Qynhfidk- ¼lq'khy vxzoky] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh% vxzoky ifCy'klZA
7- osadVs'k- ¼2004½- lokFkZ fparkef.k- ¼xq# çlkn xkSj] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'kuA
8- oS/kukFk- ¼2014½- tkrd ikfjtkr- ¼lqjs'k pUæ feJ] Vhdkdkj½- ubZ fnYyh% jatu ifCyds'kUlA
9- <qf.<jkt- ¼2008½- tkrdkHkj.ke~ ¼lhrkjke >k Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% Bkdqj çlkn iqLrd HkaMkjA
10-ikBd] egknso- ¼2014½- tkrdrÙoe~ ¼gfj'kadj ikBd] Vhdkdkj½- okjk.klh] mÙkj çns'k% pkS[kEck lqHkkjrh çdk'kuA
11- xkSj] ,s- ds- duZy- ¼2011½- T;ksfr"k vkSj vkthfodk- ubZ fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'kUlA
12-dqekj] —- ¼2005½- vkthfodk fopkj- ubZ fnYyh% vYQk ifCyds'kUlA
'kks/k&funsZ'kd laf{kIr ifjp; eq[; 'kks/k&funsZ'kd laf{kIr ifjp;
M.A. (Astrology), M.A. Sanskrit, JRF/NET, Ph.D. (Astrology)
E-Mail: hodastrology@mewaruniversity.co.in
Mobile: +91 7018781438
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma is an expert in field of Astrology and Sanskrit. He has taken over the post of Assistant professor, Department of Astrology also Head of the Department, Mewar University since August 16, 2017. He belongs to Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh). He has completed his Graduation from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla in 2009. After that He has completed his Post Graduation (Aacharya in Siddhant Jyotish) form Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University, New Delhi in 2012. He has also qualified JRF/NET in Astrology. He has completed his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Astrology with Research Topic of “A Deliberation Study in Origin of Planets, their Motion and respective positions” under JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP and SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP from Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University, New Delhi in 2017. In his Doctoral period he has taught UG/PG (Astrology) classes in University.
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma has contributed in EPG-PATHSHALA Project, in JYOTISH GANIT Subject Under the guidance of Project Coordinator Dr. Shatughan Tripathi from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. In this project he has written 25 Chapter contents related to Jyotish Ganit and also presented 25 Video lectures inJyotish Ganit. All Chapters is available in this website: https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=1245 and All Lecture is available in YouTube also. Learner can also visit this site.
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma has attended in many National and International Workshops/Seminars/Conferences in all over India. He has also delivered his lecture in International Mathematics Conference in Dec, 2019. He has published his manyresearch paper in National and International Journals or Magazines.
Dr. Chander Kant Sharma has keen interest in Astrology, Sanskrit, Astronomy, Ancient Mathematics etc. He may be reached at Mob. +91 7018781438 and email: hodastrology@mewaruniversity.co.in
Dr. Arun Bansal
Chairman, All India Federation of Astrologers' Societies
Chief Editor, Future Samachar & Research Journal of Astrology
Ph.D. (Astrology)
E-mail : akbansal@hotmail.com
Mob : +91-9350508000
Dr. Arun Kumar Bansal, M.Sc. in Physics from Delhi University in 1977, he also did M.Phil and research in computer science from Jawahar Lal Nehru University, Delhi. Dr. Arun Kumar Bansal did research work on intricate topic of longevity in astrology and for this valuable research work Mewar University conferred him the degree of doctorate in Astrology on 23rd December 2018. His knowledge of Astrology and computer science inspired him to develop the first ever program on Astrology in 1981, when computers were not so popular in India.
He started organization Future Point (P) Ltd. in 1985 and developed the most popular programs in the name of Leo-1, Leo-99, Leo Gold, Leo Star, Leo Star Expert, Leo Star Professional, Leo Touch based on various systems of Astrology like Parashar, Jaimini, Tajik and K.P. He has introduced his astrological software on Palm organizer and Android based mobiles.
He has a research dominated thinking. By conducting various surveys on astrological groups, he has tried to prove that planets behave in a special manner at a particular angle or in influence of other planets. He has developed a highly accurate software to predict rain forecasting, share market, commodity market & money markets based on the last market values & planetary position. He has also developed programs to accurately suggest about matching, profession or illness.
In the face of all he stands tall in the portals of astrology, commanding respect and recognition at various levels. His great ambition is to disseminate knowledge of Indian Vedic sciences all over the world. He has successfully organized international seminars on astrology in Mauritius, Singapore, Dubai, South Africa, Netherlands, U.K., Italy, Switzerland and France etc. between 2001 and 2019
Dr. Arun Kumar Bansal isthe President of "All India Federation of Astrologers Societies", the largest Indian Federation teaching Astrology, Palmistry, Numerology and Vastu in over 100 cities of India. He is also the publisher and Chief Editor of popular astrological magazines "Future Samachar" and "Research Journal of Astrology".
Dr. Arun Kumar Bansal written and published over 100 books on Astrology. He is a hot favourite of those who seek consultancy in Astrology as he has gained limitless clout by way of his uncanny predictions & interpretations.
Dr. Arun Kumar Bansal has given a new direction to the divine science of Astrology and has created awareness amongst the masses towards this science. We hope that the new reseaches performed under his guidance will give a new dimension to Astrology and other occult sciences which will enable the astrologers to make accurate predictions.