Florida Water Resources Journal - March 2025

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Florida Water Resources Journal

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Published by BUENA VISTA PUBLISHING for Florida Water Resources Journal Inc.

President: Richard Anderson (FSAWWA) Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority

Vice President: Joe Paterniti (FWEA) Clay County Utility Authority

Treasurer: Rim Bishop (FWPCOA) Seacoast Utility Authority

Secretary: Mish Clark Mish Agency

Moving?

The Post Office will not forward your magazine. Do not count on getting the Journal unless you notify us directly of address changes by the 15th of the month preceding the month of issue. Please do not telephone address changes. Email changes to changes@fwrj.com or mail to Florida Water Resources Journal, 1402 Emerald Lakes Drive, Clermont, FL 34711

Membership Questions

FSAWWA: Casey Cumiskey – 407-979-4806 or fsawwa.casey@gmail.com

FWEA: Laura Cooley, 407-574-3318, admin@fwea.org

FWPCOA: Darin Bishop – 561-840-0340

Training Questions

FSAWWA: Donna Metherall – 407-979-4805 or fsawwa.donna@gmail.com

FWPCOA: Shirley Reaves – 321-383-9690

For Other Information

FDEP Operator Certification: Ron McCulley – 850-245-7500

FSAWWA: Peggy Guingona – 407-979-4820

Florida Water Resources Conference: 407-363-7751

FWPCOA Operators Helping Operators: John Lang – 772-559-0722, oho@fwpcoa.org

FWEA: Laura Cooley, 407-574-3318, admin@fwea.org

Websites

Florida Water Resources Journal: www.fwrj.com

FWPCOA: www.fwpcoa.org

FSAWWA: www.fsawwa.org

FWEA: www.fwea.org and www.fweauc.org

Florida Water Resources Conference: www.fwrc.org

2024 FSAWWA FALL CONFERENCE RECAP

30 Conference

News and Features

31 Section Awards 39 Incoming Chair’s Reception and BBQ

6 40th Everglades Coalition Conference Brings Together Conservation Groups, Recognizes Environmental Leaders

19 Energy Efficiency for the Water Industry

66 Celebrate 2025 National Drinking Water Week!

69 News Beat

Technical Articles

16 Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Platinum Ditelluride Nanofilms For Harmful Algal Blooms Toxins Degradation—Jong-Hyun Baik, Chang-Hyeon Yoo, Nareg Krikorian, Sang Sub Han, Yeonwoong Jung, and Woo Hyoung Lee

42 Financial, Energy, and Environment Impacts of a Utility’s “Forgotten City”—Roy Mundy and John Simpson

62 A Science-Driven and Stakeholder-Driven Approach to Watershed Improvement Strategies— Robert Laura, Kelly Westover, and Ben Quartermaine

Education and Training

10 Florida Water Resources Conference

15 CEU Challenge

52 FSAWWA Celebrates Women’s History Month

53 FSAWWA Fall Conference Call for Papers

54 FSAWWA Top Ops Competition

55 FSAWWA Roy Likins Scholarship Fund

59 FWPCOA Training Calendar

Columns

4 C Factor—Kevin G. Shropshire

18 Test Yourself—Charles Lee Martin Jr.

48 Speaking Out—Lisa Wilson-Davis

56 FWEA Focus—Joe Paterniti

60 Reader Profile—Jay Madigan

Departments

68 Classifieds 70 Display Advertiser Index

Environmental Stewardship and You

Kevin Shopshire President, FWPCOA

With my columns so far, I’ve tried to encourage you all to think about improving yourself. This month, with the approaching season of Earth Day, environmental cleanups, memorial tree plantings, etc., we’ll look at environmental stewardship.

Some people hear “environmental,” and envision tree-hugging people on the side of the road waving “Save the Earth” signage, but environmental stewardship can be defined as:

“The responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation and sustainable practices to enhance ecosystem resilience and human well-being.” (Chapin et al., 2010)

Doing Your Part at Work

If you’re in a career field that receives

environmental impacts (runoff, slug loads, industrial waste streams, sampling, etc.). Our wastewater collection and field crews ensure a safe environment by preventing sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), safely transporting the wastewater within the collection systems. The wastewater treatment operators, through designed systems, treat the wastewater to meet disposal criteria, whether it be surface, deep well, or irrigation. Reuse and reclaimed technicians make sure that the treated water goes where it’s supposed to, not just flowing down a stormwater drain. All of these directly affect our immediate environment and safety. Stormwater, is another obvious environmental career field, directly managing the runoff before it affects our nearby waterbodies.

Potable water, water distribution, and water treatment operators may be considered to be “clear” or “clean” careers, but the work contains many chemical processes. What chemicals do you use in your process? Where do you safely store them? What dosages do you use? These chemicals, in their initial forms, are usually not environmentally friendly. Even the treated potable water contains chemicals, such as chlorine, and are not permitted to be discharged directly to surface waters.

Sometimes these fields overlap. Are you, the wastewater collections field employee, ready to work with the stormwater crew to clean up the SSO event—and vice versa? Water

disasters, many field crews can wear many hats in smaller municipalities.

Our latest overlap is the direct potable reuse field. Now you have wastewater, treated to the highest standard, being used to feed and replenish potable water sources. So now you’re dealing with all of the wastewater environmental regulations, plus all of the water treatment environmental requirements. By the way, we in FWPCOA are now offering training in this field as well (an obvious plug!).

Well, in our career fields, we are doing things. Whether you believe it or not, we are environmental professionals, practicing environmental stewardship.

Doing Your Part in Life

“Until you dig a hole, you plant a tree, you water it, and make it survive, you haven't done a thing. You are just talking.”

– Wangari Maathai, Kenyan activist

Earth Day is on April 22 this year; how are you going to celebrate that day—and beyond? There are many ways to reflect and improve your own personal environmental stewardship: take a course, cross train with your colleagues, visit a nearby municipality, attend one of our regional meetings and network, attend a nearby environmental group meeting.

40th Everglades Coalition Conference

Brings Together Conservation Groups, Recognizes Environmental Leaders

Nearly 450 advocates representing conservation groups, leaders, scientists, students, and supporters attended the 40th Everglades Coalition Conference, held January 30 through February 1 at the Miccosukee Casino and Resort in Miami. The three-day annual conference is the largest forum for discussing the restoration of the Everglades and featured several keynote speakers, educational sessions, and awards.

“It was inspiring to reflect on the past four decades of conservation and we left galvanized to continue our fight for protection and restoration of the Everglades” said Kelly Cox, cochair of the Everglades Coalition. “The discussion of the future of this ecosystem has become even more important as we face new challenges, but this year’s conference provided a forum for thoughtful discourse on how we can move forward together.”

Each year, the coalition hosts its conference to educate attendees about the full restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem. The 2025 conference, with the theme, “Reflections on Progress and Opportunities,” featured speakers who touched on many topics:

S Ecological health and economic success

S Environmental advocacy

S Art and culture concerning the Everglades

S Marine ecosystems

S Future of Florida’s conservation

“It has become even more evident that we need to continue our work to support the

Everglades, which despite 40 years of effort, still faces challenges to survival,” said Mark Perry, cochair of the coalition. “We need to persist in pushing to restore, protect, and care for this ecosystem critical to Florida.”

Panel topics included:

S Community involvement

S Climate change

S Indigenous knowledge and perspectives

S Conservation partnerships

S Economic impacts

S Reflections on progress

Participants included Michael Grunwald, bestselling author of “The Swamp,” and an award-winning journalist; Rep. Mario DiazBalart; Rep. Debbie Wasserman-Schultz; Eric Bush, with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Ron Magill, Good Will Ambassador for Zoo Miami; Jennifer Marshall with the Office of Environmental Management for the Florida Department of Transportation; and Kirsten Hines, an author, photographer, and conservationist.

Coalition Awards

An annual highlight of the conference includes awards for individuals who have made outstanding contributions to protect and restore the Everglades and mirror the ideals and accomplishments of the award namesake.

Six honorees were recognized at the 2025 conference:

S The Hall of Fame elected Mary Barley and Charles Lee for their substantial and lifetime commitment to Everglades restoration.

S The Public Service Award was given to Chair Talbert Cyprus with the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida for going above and beyond to advance Everglades restoration.

S The Voice of Conservation Award honored Michael Grunwald for dedication and advocacy to amplify the call for Everglades restoration and protection.

S The Conservationist Award honored Tania Galloni, Bonnie Malloy, and Christina Reichert with Earthjustice for passion and ingenuity in the quest to protect and restore the Everglades.

S The Grassroots Activism Award recognized Casey Darling Kniffin with Florida Wildlife Federation for exceptional work to engage and educate the community in the name of Everglades restoration.

Reaching Out to Teachers, Students, Sponsors, and the Community

In addition to honoring conservationists, the coalition, in partnership with the National Parks Conservation Association, selected 20 students to receive full scholarships to attend the conference, which included student

Continued

Jason Totoiu, Casey Darling Kniffin, Mark Perry, and Kelly Cox recognize Kniffin with the Grassroots Activism Award.

Eric Eikenberg, Rep. Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, Mary Barley, and Rep. Mario Ciaz Belart with Barley’s Hall of Fame Award.

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Mark Perry, Kelly Cox, Michael Grunwald, and Melissa Abdo with Grunwald’s Voice of Conservation Award.

Richard Grosso, Marisa Carrozzo, Cara Capp, Julie Hill-Gabriel, Shannon Estenoz, Kelly Cox, and Mark Perry at the awards ceremony.

Continued from page 6

mentorship opportunities and a chance to be featured on the future leaders panel. Each year, the coalition also waives conference registration fees for all teachers and students interested in attending, and a record number of students participated this year. The coalition also announced equity and community engagement speaker stipends to offset the costs of participation for speakers in need. By reducing barriers to entry, the coalition hopes to increase access each year to the event.

The conference was sponsored by National Parks Conservation Association, Everglades Foundation, Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Conservancy of Southwest Florida, “Ding” Darling Wildlife Society, Family Lands Remembered, Merrill G. and Emita E. Hastings Foundation, Office of the Mayor Daniella Levine Cava, Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, Bergeron Everglades Foundation, Captains for Clean Water, Fish

Mark Perry, Kelly Cox, Tania Galloni, Bonnie Malloy, and Christina Reichert display the Conservation Award.

Mark Perry, Cara Capp, Talbert Cyprus, and Kelly Cox with the Public Service Award for Cyprus.

& Wildlife Foundation of Florida, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Oceanographic Society, National Audubon Society, Sanibel Captiva Conservation Foundation, and a number of other environmental advocates.

Everglades Action Day

To continue the momentum created at the conference, the coalition plans to travel to Tallahassee for Everglades Action Day on April 7 on behalf of America’s Everglades during the Florida legislative session. From April 7 to 8, the coalition will be providing free transportation to Tallahassee and low-cost lodging for members and supporters. For more information, please visit EvergladesCoalition. org/EvergladesActionDay.

To learn more about the 2025 conference and other coalition programs, visit EvergladesCoalition.org/Conference.

About the Everglades Coalition

The Everglades Coalition is an alliance of nearly 60 local, state, and national conservation and environmental organizations dedicated to full restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, from the Kissimmee Chain of Lakes into Lake Okeechobee and to the estuaries, through the River of Grass out to Florida Bay and the Keys. The coalition strives to preserve and restore the diversity of ecosystems that comprise the Everglades and to provide a forum for those who depend on or care about those ecosystems. It’s committed to being inclusive and fostering a collaborative environment where all stakeholders feel valued, respected, and engaged—both in its work as an alliance of separate organizations and as a model for engagement by its member organizations. Learn more at EvergladesCoalition.org. S

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May 4-7, 2025 @ West Palm Beach Convention Center

REGISTER ATTENDEES

Prices increase April 1, 2024. Avoid the on-site lines, purchase today at www.fwrc.org.

Don’t forget to register your free booth staff by 3.31.25 before the price increases to $15 each. Plus, all Government Utility Employees / Operators receive a FREE Exhibit Hall only pass, but must still register!

RESERVE YOUR BOOTH

Book you 10' x 10' booth by March 14th, only 8 left!

BOOK SPONSORSHIPS

Numerous sponsorship packages from $500 to $9,500 are still available. Reserve before March 14th!

BOOK HOTEL ROOMS

Links to hotels are on www.fwrc.org

GET A PROGRAM AD

Visit www.fwrc.org to reserve your ad by March 14th!

May 4 7, 2025 @ West Palm Beach Convention Center

TUESDAY MAY 6, 2025 AFTERNOON

*Subject to Change

Don’t miss...

Presidents Reception on Sunday May 4th & Lawn Party on Monday May 5th!

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Operators: Take the CEU Challenge!

Members of the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA) may earn continuing education units through the CEU Challenge! Answer the questions published on this page, based on articles in this month’s issue. Circle the letter of each correct answer. There is only one correct answer to each question! Answer 80 percent of the questions on any article correctly to earn 0.1 CEU for your license. Retests are available.

This month’s editorial theme is Energy Efficiency and Environmental Stewardship. Look above each set of questions to see if it is for water operators (DW), distribution system operators (DS), or wastewater operators (WW). Mail the completed page (or a photocopy) to: Florida Environmental Professionals Training, P.O. Box 33119, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla. 33420-3119, or scan and email a copy to memfwpcoa@ gmail.com. Enclose $15 for each set of questions you choose to answer (make checks payable to FWPCOA). You MUST be an FWPCOA member before you can submit your answers!

Financial,

Energy, and Environmental Impacts of a Utility’s “Forgotten City”

Roy Mundy and John Simpson (Article 1: CEU = 0.1 DW/DS02015449)

1. What percentage of a water utility’s investment is in its underground infrastructure?

a) 50 percent

b) 60 percent

c) 80 percent

d) 90 percent

2. What formula is used to determine head loss in a pressurized drinking water system?

a) Bernoulli’s equation

b) Darcy-Weisbach equation

c) Hazen-Williams formula

d) Manning’s equation

3. What is the estimated service life of ductile iron pipe in many regions of the United States?

a) 55 years

b) 75 years

c) 85 years

d) 105 years

4. What is the primary factor that affects the head loss in a pipeline?

a) Pipe length

b) Pipe material

c) Actual inside diameter of the pipeline

d) Water temperature

5. What is the impact of using pipeline materials with lower stiffness?

a) Lower construction costs

b) Higher construction costs due to the need for select material and careful compaction

c) Easier installation

d) Longer service life

Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Platinum Ditelluride Nanofilms For Harmful Algal Blooms Toxins Degradation

Jong-Hyun Baik, Chang-Hyeon Yoo, Nareg Krikorian, Sang Sub Han, Yeonwoong Jung, and Woo Hyoung Lee

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), including microcystins (MCs), are caused by the presence of cyanobacteria in the bloom [1, 2]. While HABs disrupt the balance of various life forms in aquatic ecosystems, cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria can endanger human and aquatic organisms at all taxonomy levels. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a guideline of 1 μg L-1 for microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) in drinking water, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends a recreational value of 8 μg L-1 [3] .

Conventional methods for removing MC-LR, such as membrane filtration and activated carbon, primarily involve phase change processes and are often costly in terms of both operation and maintenance [2]. There is therefore an urgent need for a rapid, userfriendly, and cost-efficient method to degrade MC-LR from water samples.

Solar-driven (photocatalytic) reactions utilizing semiconductor catalysts have been proposed as a promising alternative to depleting natural resources [4-6]. These photocatalytic reactions entail several lightmatter interactions that are dependent on the semiconductor’s structure [7]:

S Generation of activated carriers (electron-hole pairs) due to light absorption in the valence band and conduction band of semiconductors.

S Migration of these photoexcited carriers to the semiconductor’s surface.

S Separation of the carriers to degrade organic molecules.

S Recombination of electrons and holes either at the surface or within the bulk material [8]

In this study, a novel UV-Vis light-driven ecofriendly photocatalytic two-dimensional (2D) platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) nanofilm was developed for the degradation of the HAB. The PtTe2 films with -50 nm thickness exposing defective 2D layer edges were directly grown on silicon oxide/silicon wafers via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The structural morphology of the used material was investigated by surface characterization. The photodegradation of the MC-LR was evaluated in different conditions, such as pH, initial MCLR concentration, and water matrix. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential for the novel PtTe2 nanofilms to effectively reduce the concentration of the MC-LR toxin in the contaminated water.

Materials and Methods

Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Two-Dimensional Platinum Ditelluride on Silicon Substrates

The synthesis of 2D PtTe2 thin films

Figure 1. 470 nm wavelength absorbances of XTT tests using platinum ditelluride nanofilms with light and without light.

Jong-Hyun Baik is a graduate research assistant (Ph.D. student), Nareg Krikorian is a graduate research assistant (M.S. student), and Woo Hyoung Lee is associate professor in the department of civil, environmental, and construction engineering at the University of Central Florida in Orlando. Chang-Hyeon Yoo is a postdoctoral researcher and Sang Sub Han is a postdoctoral researcher in the NanoScience and Technology Center at the University of Central Florida in Orlando. Yeonwoong Jung is associate professor in the NanoScience and Technology Center, department of materials science and engineering, and the department of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Central Florida in Orlando.

was carried out using the CVD process. Platinum (Pt) seed films with a controlled thickness of 10 nm were initially deposited onto silicon (Si) wafer substrates via electron beam evaporation (Thermionics VE-100) at a deposition rate of approximately 0.05–0.10 Å s-1 under a based chamber pressure of <5.5 × 10-6 Torr. The Pt-deposited Si wafers were placed at the center of a quartz tube inside a CVD thermal furnace (Blue M Mini-Mite, Lindberg). Tellurium (Te) powder (CAS No. 13494-80-9, 200 mesh,

Figure 2. Photodegradation of different concentrations of microcystin-leucine arginine using platinum ditelluride nanofilms.

99.8 percent, Sigma-Aldrich Inc.) placed in an alumina boat served as the tellurization source, with the Te powder situated upstream in the furnace to promote vapor-phase reaction with the Pt film. Prior to the growth process, the CVD chamber was evacuated to a pressure below 50 mTorr. Ultra-high purity argon gas was then introduced at a flow rate of 100 standard cu centimeters per minute to regulate the system pressure at 75 mTorr during the CVD process. The furnace was heated to 400 °C over 50 minutes, held at 400°C for another 50 minutes, and then allowed to cool naturally.

Photocatalytic Reaction Investigation

The 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5sulfophenyl)-5-carboxanilide-2H-tetrazolium (XTT) analysis was conducted to evaluate the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The 0.4 mM XTT was dissolved in 40 mL of phosphate buffer saline, and the PtTe2 wafers were submerged in the solution. The contents of the Petri dish were continuously stirred at 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) and were exposed to 35,000 lux visible light. The test result is visible, where the color of the solution turns orange, and using a VersaMax microplate reader at 470 nm wavelength (Molecular Devices, San Jose, Calif.), the ROS generation rate was determined. To determine the ROS generation using the microplate reader, two 250 μL samples were collected and tested at intervals over 24 hours.

Microcystin-Leucine Arginine

Photodegradation Using Platinum Ditelluride Nanofilms

To conduct the photodegradation of MC-LR using the PtTe2 nanofilms, 0.02 and 2 mg L-1 of MC-LR were added to 7 mL of Milli Q water in a Petri dish and stirred at 200 rpm. Three 1 × 1 cm2 (0.0483 mg each) PtTe2 nanofilms were fully immersed into the Petri dish. To ensure the homogeneity of the solution, it was stirred at 200 rpm for five minutes throughout the test under a stimulated sunlight lamp at 35,000 lux. Two 50-μL aliquots (for duplication) were collected at time intervals of 0 (control), 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes to determine the concentration of MC-LR in the solution using an ELISA kit (Cat. No. 89028336, Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan). To further analyze the effect of the photodegradation, the PtTe2 wafers were tested using surface water.

Results

Reactive Oxygen Species Production

The developed PtTe2 nanofilms were

used for the XTT test. The increase in the wavelength absorbances indicates the catalytic activity of the PtTe2 nanofilms. The XTT tests were conducted with and without light conditions (Figure 1). Without the light, the wavelength absorbance of the solution did not increase for 24 hours, which indicates that there were no catalytic activities. On the other hand, using 35,000 lux of visible light, the wavelength absorbance was increased to 0.138 after 24 hours. This indicates that the PtTe2 nanofilms have shown catalytic activity with the light source.

Effect of Microcystin-Leucine Arginine Concentration on Photodegradation

The developed PtTe2 nanofilms were used for the MC-LR photodegradation at two different concentrations in 0.02 and 2 mg L-1 (Figure 2). The efficiency was evaluated using mg MC-LR/g-material h. At 0.02 and 2 mg L-1 MC-LR, 0.23 and 5.24 mg MC-LR/gmaterial h were photodegraded, respectively. This indicates that the developed MC-LR photodegradation using PtTe2 nanofilms can be more effective in higher concentrations of the MC-LR.

Table 1 shows the comparison of the developed PtTe2 nanofilm technology with other reported photodegradation technologies for MC-LR. The developed PtTe2 nanofilm showed high efficiency in degrading MC-LR with a low mass of materials (0.145 mg total).

Conclusion

In this study, a novel PtTe2 for MC-LR photodegradation in water samples was

developed. The developed material has shown to be a promising photocatalyst for the degradation of MC-LR utilizing natural visible light. It is crucial to reduce the toxicity of HABs, which frequently occur in various lakes worldwide, including the Great Lakes and Lake Okeechobee in the United States. These lakes often serve as sources of drinking water and are used for recreational activities. One potential solution involves integrating the photocatalytic material into a floating dock, which could be deployed in lakes during HAB events or in rivers flowing out of the lakes, allowing for the continuous treatment of contaminated water and limiting the downstream spread of the HAB. Moreover, conducting a scale-up analysis of the material, focusing on larger volumes and material sizes, is vital to ensure its effectiveness for practical, real-world applications.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Grant Number: SU84086701-0.

References

1. Backer, L.C., et al.. Cyanobacteria and algae blooms: review of health and environmental data from the harmful algal bloom-related illness surveillance system (HABISS). 2007–2011. Toxins, 2015. 7(4): p. 1048-1064.

2. Stoll, S., et al.. Photodegradation of MC-LR using a novel Au-decorated Ni

Continued on page 18

What Do You Know About Membrane Filtration? Test Yourself

Charlie Lee Martin Jr., Ph.D.

1. The type of pressure-driven membranes in use for municipal water treatment is

a. ultrafiltration.

b. nanofiltration.

c. microfiltration.

d. all of the above.

2. Potential membranes that may be used for water treatment were first patented in the

a. 1920s.

b. 1930s.

c. 1940s.

d. 1960s.

3. The first membrane filtration plant installed in 1987 used for drinking water production in the United States was located at

a. Keystone Resorts in Alaska.

b. Keystone Resorts in Arkansas.

c. Keystone Resorts in Colorado.

d. none of the above.

4. By the year 2000, the total installed capacity of membrane plants was approximately

a. 100 million gallons per day (mgd).

b. 50 mgd.

c. 125 mgd.

d. 200 mgd.

5. An example of a nonpressure-driven membrane process is

a. dialysis.

b. electrodialysis.

c. pervaporation.

d. all of the above.

6. The separation efficiency of reverse osmosis is dependent on

a. influent solute concentration.

b. pressure.

c. water flux rate.

d. all of the above.

7. Removal efficiency of targeted impurities of membrane filtration is

a. 99.9999 percent.

b. 80.9999 percent.

c. 85.9999 percent.

d. 95.9999 percent.

8. The pore size of membranes utilized for the reverse osmosis system is

a. 0.1-µm pores.

b. 0.01-µm pores.

c. 0.001-µm pores.

d. nonporous.

9. The typical transmembrane pressure for a reverse osmosis system is

a. 73-1000 pounds per square inch (psi).

b. 73-1200 psi.

c. 73-800 psi.

d. 73-500 psi.

10. The pore size of membranes utilized for ultrafiltration is

a. 0.1-µm pores.

b. 0.01-µm pores.

c. 0.001-µm pores.

d. nonporous.

Answers on page 70

References used for this quiz:

• CSUS Water Treatment Plant Operation Volume 2, Seventh Edition

Continued from page 17

metal-organic framework (Au/Ni-MOF). Chemosphere, 2023. 344: p. 140404.

3. EPA, U. Recommended human health recreational ambient water quality criteria or swimming advisories for microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. 2019.

4. Atwater, H.A. and A. Polman. Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. Nature materials, 2010. 9(3): p. 205-213.

5. Panwar, N.L., S.C. Kaushik, and S. Kothari. Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2011. 15(3): p. 1513-1524.

6. Warren, S.C. and E. Thimsen. Plasmonic solar water splitting. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012. 5(1): p. 5133-5146.

7. Zhang, X., et al. Plasmonic photocatalysis. Reports on Progress in Physics. 2013. 76(4): p. 046401.

8. Mills, A. and S. Le Hunte. An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology A: Chemistry, 1997. 108(1): p. 1-35.

9. Wang, S., et al.. Photodegradation of microcystin-LR by pyridyl iron porphyrin immobilized on NaY zeolite. Water Science and Technology, 2020. 81(1): p. 121-130.

10. Khedr, T.M., et al.. Photodegradation of microcystin-LR using visible lightactivated C/N-co-modified mesoporous TiO2 photocatalyst. Materials, 2019. 12(7): p. 1027.

11. Zhan, M., et al.. Visible lightdriven photocatalytic degradation of Microcystin-LR by Bi2WO6/Reduced graphene oxide heterojunctions: Mechanistic insight, DFT calculation and degradation pathways. Chemosphere, 2023. 321: p. 138105.

12. Wang, Y., et al. An efficient floating adsorption-photocatalyst to decarboxylate D-Glu and D-MeAsp of MicrocystinLR via holes direct oxidation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021. 413: p. 127543.

13. Ivandic, S., et al. An in-situ approach to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms degradation of microcystin-LR cyanotoxins using TiO2 photocatalysts coated on nylon mesh supports. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022. 10(5): p. 108301. S

Send Us Your Questions

Readers are welcome to submit questions or exercises on water or wastewater treatment plant operations for publication in Test Yourself. Send your question (with the answer) or your exercise (with the solution) by email to: charmartin@msn.com

Energy Efficiency for the Water Industry

For many municipal governments, drinking water and wastewater plants typically are the largest energy consumers, often accounting for 30 to 40 percent of total energy consumed. Overall, drinking water and wastewater systems account for approximately 2 percent of energy use in the United States, adding over 45 million tons of greenhouse gases annually.

As much as 40 percent of operating costs for drinking water systems can be for energy, and by incorporating energy efficiency practices into their water and wastewater plants, municipalities and utilities can save 15 to 30 percent, saving thousands of dollars with payback periods of only a few months to a few years.

Determining Energy Usage

As a utility manager, understanding how your water or wastewater utility uses energy, and how your electricity provider structures rates, will help you better manage both costs and your facility’s operations. The first step is to determine your facility’s baseline energy use. Another important step is to understand what impact energy-intensive processes, such as pumping and aeration, have for your facility and how you can prioritize improvements.

You can determine baseline energy use using third-party energy audits or selfassessments. Both water utility professionals and technical assistance providers can benefit from the following resources.

Tools and Guidance for Water Industry Professionals

The following tools are available for utilities.

S U.S. Environmental Protection agency (EPA) Energy Use Assessment Tool. An Excel-based tool that small-to mediumsized systems can use to conduct a utility bill and equipment analysis to assess individual baseline energy use and costs. It includes:

• Energy Use Assessment Tool for Excel 2003

• Energy Use Assessment Tool with Example Data for Excel 2003

• Energy Use Assessment Tool for Excel 2010

• Energy Use Assessment Tool with Example Data for Excel 2010

• Energy Use Assessment Tool User’s Guide

• Energy Use Assessments at Water and Wastewater Systems Guide

S Benchmarking Your Energy Performance with Portfolio Manager. The ENERGY STAR™ program includes wastewater and drinking water treatment in its Portfolio Manager. This interactive energy management tool is used to track and assess energy and water consumption and can help a utility set targets for investment priorities, verify efficiency improvements, and calculate its carbon footprint.

Energy Efficiency Audits

The following audits are available for utilities.

S U.S. Department of Energy Save Energy Now Program. This is an initiative to reduce industrial energy intensity. Companies can participate in no-cost energy assessments.

S U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development Renewable Energy for America Grant Program. This provides grants for energy audits and renewable energy development assistance.

S Rural Assistance Center. The center offers funding to help rural communities, including funds for energy audits and renewable energy.

S EPA Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRF). These are important sources of financing for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure. The SRF funds can be used to conduct energy audits.

Cutting Energy Usage and Costs

Energy Management

Energy costs often make up 25 to 30 percent of a utility’s total operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. They also represent the largest controllable cost of providing water and wastewater services. The EPA works with utilities to manage and reduce costs, using the steps described in its “Energy Management Guidebook for Wastewater and Water Utilities.” The guidebook takes utilities through a series of steps to analyze their current energy usage, use energy audits to identify ways to improve efficiency, and measure the effectiveness of energy projects.

The regional offices of EPA are working with over 150 utilities to help develop energy management programs using the guidebook and develop case studies of benefits seen by utilities.

Best Energy Practices

Once you know your baseline energy use and where you are consuming the most energy, you can identify and prioritize

Continued on page 20

energy conservation opportunities, resulting in meaningful cost savings.

The following information is available:

S EPA Energy Efficiency in Water and Wastewater Facilities: A Guide to Developing and Implementing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Programs. The guide provides comprehensive information for local government staff and policy makers on how to design and implement energy management programs for water and wastewater facilities, including new, existing, and renovated buildings, and day-to-day operations.

S A Primer on Energy Efficiency for Municipal Water and Wastewater Utilities (PDF). The primer was published by the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). Principal ESMAP efforts focus on infrastructure in developing nations, but this report also applies to energy efficiency for small,

medium, urban, and rural water and wastewater systems.

S EPA’s Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for Wastewater Treatment Facilities

S Motor Efficiency, Selection, and Management: A Guidebook for Industrial Efficiency Programs. This is published by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency.

S Reducing Operating Costs and Energy Consumption at Water Utilities. This brochure for water utility managers outlines energy-efficient technologies to help reduce energy usage and save money.

S Strategies for Saving Energy at Public Water Systems. Providing safe drinking water is an energy intensive activity. Energy is typically needed for raw water extraction and conveyance, treatment, water storage, and distribution. This document describes strategies for saving energy at public water systems.

S U.S. Department of Energy Improving Pumping System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry

Case Studies and Training

These include the following:

S Increasing Energy Efficiency Through American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Funding: New York State Wastewater Initiatives. This highlights many energy-efficient projects funded through New York State’s Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program under the ARRA Green Project Reserve of 2009.

S The ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager includes wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities. The Portfolio Manager is an interactive energy management tool that tracks and assesses energy and water consumption. The tool can help utilities set targets for investment priorities, verify efficiency improvements, and calculate its carbon footprint. The program offers free online training to help get you started.

Paying for Energy Efficiency Improvements

Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds from EPA are important sources of financing for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure. Equipment upgrades to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy use are eligible for funding from these programs.

S Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE). A comprehensive source of information on state, local, utility, and federal incentives and policies that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. Established in 1995, DSIRE is an ongoing project of the North Carolina Solar Center and the Interstate Renewable Energy Council, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy.

State Efforts to Promote Energy Efficiency

States are developing programs to help public water systems and wastewater treatment facilities better manage their energy use. Examples include:

S Massachusetts - Energy Management Pilot for Wastewater and Drinking Water Plants

S Wisconsin - Energy Center of Wisconsin

S New York - The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority offers financial assistance to municipalities to identify opportunities and install new equipment for energy

efficiency upgrades in their water and wastewater treatment facilities. Some projects include energy performance benchmarking, cost sharing for energy assessments by prequalified consultants, and the installation of submetering equipment to determine the energy consumption of the various processes within the facility.

Renewable Energy Options

There are several renewable energy options available to utilities.

Green Power

Green power is electricity produced from renewable resources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and low-impact hydroelectricity. Buying green power is one of the easiest and most effective ways to improve your organization’s environmental performance.

Onsite Energy Generation

In addition to consuming energy, wastewater utilities can generate energy. Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is a reliable, costeffective option for wastewater treatment facilities that have, or are planning to install, anaerobic digesters. Biogas from anaerobic digesters can be used in a CHP system as “free” fuel to generate reliable electricity and power.

S Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership. A voluntary program that works to reduce the environmental impact of power generation by promoting the use of CHP. The partnership works closely with energy users, the CHP industry, state and local governments, and other clean energy stakeholders to encourage the development of new projects and promote their environmental and economic benefits.

S EPA CHP Partnership Report: Opportunities for and Benefits of Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities

In addition to CHP, utilities can use various alternative energy sources to reduce their dependence on traditional energy sources. Options include solar panels (the most common), wind turbines, fuel cells, and microturbines. Utilities can purchase and operate their own renewable energy generation equipment or contract with a third-party provider that owns and manages the green power for them onsite.

S The Customer’s Guide to Solar Power

Purchase Agreements. This guide assists organizations that want to benefit from fixed-price energy through hosting solar power systems owned and operated by a third party.

Purchasing Green Energy

Instead of generating renewable energy onsite, some utilities opt to purchase renewable energy directly from the power grid or by purchasing renewable energy certificates (RECs), which are credits sold separately from electricity. They represent the environmental, social, and other positive attributes of power generated by renewable resources and enable organizations to choose renewable power even if their local utility or power marketer does not offer a green power product. Whether these options are available varies based on your facility’s location and your electricity provider’s offerings.

S Guide to Purchasing Green Power. The Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program through EPA that supports organizations by offering expert advice, technical support, tools, and resources to buy green power and reduce the environmental impacts associated with purchased electricity use. Partnering with EPA can help your organization lower the transaction costs of buying green power, reduce its carbon footprint, and communicate its leadership to key stakeholders.

Funding Green Power

Green power funding is available to utilities.

S U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Guaranteed Loan Program. This program encourages the commercial financing of renewable energy (e.g., bioenergy, geothermal, hydrogen, solar, wind, and hydroelectric power) and energy efficiency projects. Under the program, project developers work with local lenders, who in turn can apply to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development for a loan guarantee of up to 85 percent of the loan amount.

State and Local Efforts to Promote Green Energy

State and local governments are developing programs to help public water systems and wastewater treatment facilities use renewable energy.

S The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection is working

on several efforts to integrate renewable energy and green building into their state clean water and drinking revolving loan fund programs.

S The Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission is embracing wind power as an energy source to run one-third of its drinking water and wastewater operations. Its action places it as one of the top 30 local government partners in EPA’s GreenPower Partnership.

S The City of Santa Barbara’s El Estero Wastewater Treatment Plant is an 11-million-gallon-per-day(mgd) secondary treatment facility equipped with a 4.3-mgd tertiary treatment for recycled water. The plant uses waste gas fuel cell technology to produce nearly one-half of the facility’s electricity needs.

Related Resources

Other resources and organizations for energy information include:

S U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy’s Green Power Network provides information about green power products available through utility green pricing programs throughout the U.S.

S Climate Communities is a national coalition of cities and counties that educates federal policymakers about the essential role of local governments in addressing climate challenges and promoting a strong local-federal partnership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

S EPA State and Local Climate and Energy Program provides technical assistance, analytical tools, and outreach support to states and local and tribal communities.

S Alliance to Save Energy (www.ase.org)

S Consortium for Energy Efficiency (www. cee1.org)

S Focus on Energy (www.focusonenergy. com)

S Electric Power Research Institute (www. epri.com)

For more information you can also go to www.epa.gov. S

2024 FSAWWA Fall Conference: Quality Water Matters

OPENING GENERAL SESSION

T.J. Stroebl, AWWA Manufacturers/Associates Council chair, updates attendees on association events.

The Florida Section of the American Water Works Association (FSAWWA) celebrated its 98th year of commitment and dedication to the world’s most precious resource by hosting its 30th Fall Conference, with the theme, “Quality Water Matters,” from December 8 to 11 at the Omni Orlando Resort at ChampionsGate.

This year’s event attracted 2500 attendees, including operators, water utility executives and managers, engineers, educators, manufacturers, consultants, students, and others from the water profession. A total of 175 exhibit booths and 17 tabletops were sold.

There were lots of opportunities to network and meet old and new colleagues alike at the continental breakfasts, meet and greet receptions, committee meetings, Poker Night, Duck Race, Eagles Edge Golf event, our annual business luncheon, and our annual BBQ Challenge and reception to welcome FSAWWA’s incoming chair for 2025, Lisa Wilson-Davis.

This was also the last year that Peggy Guingona served as the section’s executive director. Peggy is still serving the section, just in a different capacity. We want to thank her for 17 years of hard work and dedication; the section would not be where it is today without her efforts.

Opening General Session

The opening general session (OGS) on Monday afternoon is one of the must-attend

Kim Kowalski

Marjorie Craig welcomes attendees to the opening general session.

Dr. Tracy Fanaro.

Attendees at the opening general session.

events at the conference and has been a part of the event since 2013. Marjorie Craig, FSAWWA chair, welcomed the attendees to the OGS and introduced T.J. Stroebl, the AWWA Manufacturers/Associates Council (MAC) chair and visiting officer. Stroebl presented an update on association events and priorities.

The keynote speaker was Dr. Tracy Fanaro, an environmental engineer, research scientist, and communicator, with a B.S., ME, and Ph.D. from the University of Florida’s College of Environmental Engineering. Dr. Fanaro’s presentation showed her extensive knowledge as a consultant, scientist, and education advocate. Her research on Florida’s red tide and detection, alongside her contributions to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, helped launch the conference theme, “Quality Water Matters,” for the OGS attendees.

BBQ Challenge and Incoming Chair’s Reception

On Monday evening, the conference held the 10th BBQ Challenge, open to all attendees. It was also an opportunity to introduce and welcome the incoming FSAWWA chair, Lisa Wilson-Davis (for more information, see page 39.)

Technical Program

Each year, through the dedicated efforts of Dr. Fred Bloetscher, an excellent technical program is presented. Specialty workshops, through the efforts of Dr. Bina Nayak, were offered on Monday, as they have been in the past.

The Monday workshops were:

S Laws and Rules for Professional Engineers

S Legislative and Regulatory Updates

S Cybersecurity in the Water Sector

S School of SCADA

S Master Planning and Modeling

S Utility Systems Symposium: Maximizing Efficiency in Your Collection System

S GIS/Asset Management

S Developing a Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) in a Competitive Market

S What’s # Trending in Communications

S Collaborating for a Successful Maintenance of Plant Operations (MOPO) During Your Projects

S Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Panel

S Utility Systems Symposium: Maximizing Efficiency in Your Water Distribution System

The technical sessions on Tuesday and Wednesday focused on the conference theme. The sessions included:

S Potable Reuse

Continued on page 24

RECAP OF 2024 FSAWWA FALL CONFERENCE

S Water Distribution Modeling

S PFAS Treatment

S SEDA/AMTA – Membrane Applications

S Water Treatment

S Emerging Contaminants

S PFAS Solutions

S Where are the Workers: The New Normal for Organizations

S Who is Watching You? AI in the Water Industry

S Lead and Copper Rule Compliance

S Sanitary Sewer Challenges

S Water Conservation Symposium: Communicating Conservation, Internally and Externally

Exhibits

The exhibit hall, which had 175 booth spaces and 17 tabletops, allowed attendees to network and learn about the latest and most innovative products and services in the water industry. Company representatives were available daily to help attendees solve their problems and meet future challenges.

Meetings

2023-2024 FSAWWA Board of Governors

The FSAWWA Executive Committee held its meeting on Sunday morning, December 8, followed by the board of governors meeting in the afternoon, with 33 board members present and other active volunteers attending. This is where the real work of the section is planned for the following year.

Three special guests from AWWA were present:

S T.J. Stroebl, AWWA MAC chair

S Nancy Sullivan, AWWA senior manager –section services

S Tim Purvis, AWWA Region II section relationship manager

Other Section-Related Meetings

The FSAWWA’s councils and committees also held meetings. There’s a group for almost every water topic. Meetings are also held at other section events throughout the year.

New Events This Year!

This year marked the inaugural Veteran’s Coffee Hour, an informal meetup in which FSAWWA members who are veterans can meet and discuss how to get more veterans involved with the section.

Another first at the conference was the Top Ops Competition held Wednesday, December 11. Top Ops is often referred to as the “College Bowl” of the water industry. A moderator poses a variety of technical questions and math problems, with the team earning the most points in the championship round taking home the win. Winner: Bonita Springs Utilities Inc.

High School Academy Students Learn About Careers in Water

For the ninth year, the FSAWWA High School Academy Initiative Committee invited high school students from Heritage High School Academy of Environmental Water in Palm Bay, Seminole High School in Pinellas County, and University High School in Orlando to attend the conference. This initiative supports an education program that will provide a career for a high school graduate—not just a job. The committee’s goal is to have “job-ready” high school graduates who may not be able to (or want to) go to college. The goals of the initiative are to:

S Understand and communicate the need for operators.

S Support the development of new and existing operators.

As part of the initiative, FSAWWA supports three technical high schools in Florida that provide four years of coursework and training to prepare students to take the Class C license operator exam.

Around 70 students attended the conference on Tuesday, December 10, accompanied by school staff, and 17 section volunteers participated!

Awards

The section’s annual business luncheon and awards ceremony celebrated the current roster of

HIGH SCHOOL ACADEMY

statewide officers and inducted the new officers for 2024-2025. Awards were also given for the best papers and outstanding volunteers in the water field. See page 31 for more information.

Contests

Several contests, with both team and individual competitors, were held.

“Best of the Best” Water Taste Test

A statewide tap water taste contest was held at the conference. The competition brings together all the regional state winners to compete for the “Best of the Best” Water Taste Test title. The judging is all subjective and is not scientific in any way.

The regional winners were:

S Region I – Talquin Electric

S Region II – City of Palm Coast

S Region III – Orange County Utilities

S Region IV – City of Dunedin

S Region V – Bonita Springs Utilities

S Region VI – Seacoast Utility Authority

S Region VII – Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority

S Region VIII – Seminole Tribe of Florida, Brighton

S Region IX – City of Valparaiso

S Region X – Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority

S Region XI – City of Ocala

S Region XII – Bay County Utilities

The judges were:

S T.J. Stroebl, AWWA MAC chair

S Marjorie Craig, FSAWWA chair

S Bill Young – FSAWWA general policy director

S Kim Kowalski – FSAWWA deputy executive director

Continued on page 26

“BEST OF THE BEST” WATER TASTE TEST

Greg Taylor (left) doing his part as one of the emcees.

One of the emcees, Shea Dunifon, at the contest.

The four judges (left to right) are Bill Young, Kim Kowalski, Marjorie Craig, and T.J. Stroebl.

Talquin Electric representative with the trophy.

Attendees at the water taste test.

First-place winners are (left to right) Gabriela Ford, Christopher Hagglund, and Nino Stea, with the Young Professionals Committee chair, Emma Johnson. Water Bowl contestants.

WATER BOWL

POSTER CONTEST

METER CHALLENGE

Continued from page 25

All the judges based their scores on the taste, color, odor, and clarity of the 12 samples, one from each region.

The event emcees were:

S Shea Dunifon, JEA

S Greg Taylor, Wright-Pierce Inc.

Winner: Talquin Electric

Talquin Electric was declared the winner, which will represent the Florida Section AWWA at the taste test competition at ACE25, AWWA’s Annual Conference and Exposition, to be held June 8-11, 2025, in Denver!

Water Bowl

Winner: University of Central Florida

The University of Central Florida (USC) retained the champion title at the 2024 Young

First-place winner Luke Byous.

First-place JEA team members with their trophy and medals.

Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department team in action.

Jessica Cormier with her winning poster.

Women’s second-place team from Clay County Utility Authority.

Women’s first-place team from JEA.

First-place trophy and medals.

Men’s first-place team from JEA.

Toho Titans in action.

HYDRANT HYSTERIA

DUCTILE IRON TAP

First-place

FUN TAP CONTEST

Professionals Water Bowl and has been the champion for the past nine years. There were three teams, two from University of Central Florida (UCF), and one team, Engineers Without Borders, from the University of Florida (UF), that competed for the title in the single elimination format.

The contest is modeled after the classic “College Bowl” television quiz. Team members were asked questions about the water industry, encompassing water chemistry, operations, and the design of treatment systems.

Emma Johnson, Young Professionals Committee chair, with the help of other volunteers, facilitated the event.

Poster Contest

Winner: University of Central Florida

Jessica Cormier from UCF was the 2024 Fresh Ideas poster competition winner. Her poster’s title: “Comparing the Microbial Communities Colonizing Granular Activated Carbon Filters Treating Groundwater.”

By winning the competition, Jessica receives a trip to ACE25, to be held in June in Denver. She will compete with contest winners from other AWWA sections across the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico.

Operator Events

Hydrant Hysteria

Hydrant Hysteria is a fast paced twoperson competition to determine who can assemble a fire hydrant in the fastest time. Two or more teams go head-to-head while assembling the hydrant to see who will be crowned Hydrant Hysteria champion. In 2024, there were two women’s teams from JEA and Clay County Utility Authority.

Event Winners for Women

S First Place: JEA

S Second Place: Clay County Utility Authority

Continued on page 28

BACKHOE RODEO

First-place winner David Parker (left) with Charlotte County Utilities.

One of the backhoe rodeo tasks.

Another of the contest tasks.

Lee County team members. Lee County team at the event.

ANNUAL BUSINESS LUNCHEON AND AWARDS CEREMONY

Passing the Gavel

Continued from page 27

Event Winners for Men

S First Place: JEA

S Second Place: City of Melbourne

S Third Place: Clay County Utility Authority

The first-place winner, JEA, qualified to compete at ACE25 in Denver in June.

Facilitators for this event were:

S Seth Daniels, Clow Valve

S Mike George, R & M Service Solutions

Meter Challenge

The Meter Challenge is a competition where participants receive a bucket of meter parts for a specific water meter to assemble against the clock. After assembly, the meter must work correctly and not leak. Three to six miscellaneous parts are included in the bucket to make it more interesting.

Meter Challenge Winners

S First Place: Luke Byous – JEA

S Second Place: Mike Leisenring – Toho Water

S Third Place: Juan R. – Toho Water

As the first-place winner, Byous qualified to attend ACE25 in Denver to compete in the AWWA competition.

Helping to facilitate the event were:

S Mike George, R & M Service Solutions

S Josh Anderson, Florida Pipeline Sales

S Eric Ingram, JEA

S Brandon Cottrell, JEA

Tapping Contest

Using skill, dexterity, and speed, teams of four compete for the fastest time as they perform a quality drill and tap of pipe under pressure. Two taps are allowed per team. The Fun Tap is the simpler version of the two contests.

Ductile Iron Tap Winners

S First Place: JEA Water Boys

S Second Place: Miami–Dade Water and Sewer Department

Fun Tap Winners

S First Place: Lee County

S Second Place: Hillsborough County

S Third Place: West Palm Beach – Sewer

The first-place winner, JEA, qualified to compete at ACE25 in Denver in June in the AWWA competition.

The following helped with the success of the tapping competitions:

S Mike Spriggs, A.Y. McDonald

S Josh Anderson, Florida Pipeline Sales

S Randy Ellis, JEA

Lisa Wilson-Davis (left), incoming 2024-2025 section chair, receives the gavel from the outgoing chair, Marjorie Craig.

Lisa Wilson-Davis, 2024-2025 FSAWWA chair.

Lisa Wilson-Davis receiving her crown from Marjorie Craig. Attendees at the annual business meeting and luncheon.

Marjorie Craig gives opening remarks at the business meeting.

WATER FOR PEOPLE DUCK RACE

Backhoe Rodeo

Backhoe operators show their expertise by executing challenging lifts and drops of various objects at the fastest time.

The judges for the event were:

S Josh Baur, Florida Pipeline Sales

S Jimmy Poling, Florida Pipeline Sales

S Nic Coster, City of Melbourne

S Brianna Gleason, Fortiline Waterworks

Backhoe Rodeo Winners

S First Place: David Parker, Charlotte County Utilities

S Second Place: Danny Mahon, City of Groveland

S Third Place: Danny Threlkeld, Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority

Operators Competitions Information

Operator competitions are always held at the annual FSAWWA Fall Conference. Everyone is welcome to join the competitions, which are open to public and commercial field operators working in Florida. Contact Mike George at (352) 200-9631 for more information.

FSAWWA Annual Business Luncheon and Awards Ceremony

At the lunch, which is another networking opportunity for conference attendees, the section held its yearly business meeting, honored and recognized FSAWWA members for their contributions in meeting section goals, and inducted Lisa Wilson-Davis as the incoming section chair.

Water For People Duck Race

A duck race was held on Tuesday, December 10, at the conference hotel’s lazy river as a fundraising event for Water For People (WFP) and AWWA’s Water Equation (WE). Tickets were sold at the conference before the event to purchase a duck.

A big thank you goes out to Tyler Tedcastle, who was game enough to take on the wrangling duties of the duckies through the lazy river. Additionally, Greg Taylor, the section past chair, served as the emcee,

adding an extra layer of entertainment to the event.

Tetra-Tech: Event Sponsor

A shout out goes to Tetra Tech, which was the beverage sponsor and donated the 200 rubber ducks.

Eagles Edge Golf Event

To wind down after the conference, our destination was the Eagles Edge Top Tracer golf venue at the Omni ChampionsGate Resort. A venue to entertain colleagues and clients with delicious food and drinks, it was a good time for all!

The fundraising social benefited three FSAWWA philanthropies:

S AWWA Water Equation

S Roy Likins Scholarship Fund

S Water For People

Kim Kowalski is the executive director of the Florida Section AWWA.

Ducks on the loose.

Tyler Tedcastle wrangling the ducks.

Greg Taylor gets the crowd ready before the duck launch.

Golfers in action.

Attendees at the event.

Golf team enjoying the evening.

EAGLES EDGE GOLF EVENT

Conference Sponsors

The section thanks all the sponsors for their generous support of the conference.

Diamond Sponsors

AMERICAN

Atkore

Carollo Engineers

Core and Main

Ferguson Waterworks

Flovac Inc.

F.J. Nugen Inc.

Freese & Nichols

Hazen and Sawyer

Infratech Group

Jacobs

MWH Constructors Inc.

National Metering Services Inc.

PCL Construction Inc.

Public Utility Management and Planning

R & M Service Solutions

Spirit Group Inc.

Stantec

Sundt Construction

VTScada by Trihedral Wager Company of Florida Inc.

Wharton-Smith Inc.

Wright-Pierce Inc.

Platinum Sponsors

AECOM

Ardurra

Barge Design Solutions Inc.

Barney’s Pumps

Black & Veatch

Blue Planet Environmental Systems Inc.

Carter & VerPlanck, A DXP Company

CHA Consulting Inc.

Dewberry Engineering Inc.

Fortiline Waterworks

General Control Systems

Globaltech Inc.

HDR Engineering Inc.

ISCO Industries

Kamstrup

Kennedy Jenks

Kimley-Horn and Associates Inc.

Ring Power

Sensus, a Xylem Brand

Sigma Company

Tetra-Tech Inc.

WSP USA Inc.

Gold Sponsors

Archer Western (Walsh Group)

Empire Pipe & Supply

Equipment Share

Landmark Structures

McWane Ductile

Woolpert Inc.

Column Wrap Branding Sponsors

Archer Western Atkore

Baxter & woodman Inc.

Fortiline Waterworks

Haskell Prinsco

Meet and Greet Sponsors

Airvac

Custom Pump & Controls

Charging Station Sponsor

CS3 Waterworks

ANNUAL SECTION AWARDS

The Florida Section of the American Water Works Association (FSAWWA) recognized and honored outstanding individuals and organizations at the annual business and awards luncheon on December 11. It was a great way to acknowledge and celebrate the contributions of those who have demonstrated excellence and dedication in the water industry. Congratulations to all the recipients whose achievements contribute to the advancement and success of the water industry in Florida.

LANDMARK AWARDS

The FSAWWA gives this award to various facilities or structures serving as components of water systems that have historical significance and may, as such, be candidates for an AWWA Water Landmark or a Florida Section Water Landmark. To qualify for this important recognition, the facility or structure should have been in service and operational for 50 or more years. Wells, pumps, and piping may qualify if deemed to be of paramount significance.

City of Cocoa

Claude H. Dyal Water Treatment Plant Dedicated 1970

2022-2024

2019-2024

2022-2024

2020-2024

2021-2024

2022-2024

Young Professionals Committee Chair 2022-2024

Raul Alfaro Water For People 2022-2024

2021-2024

Public Affairs Council Chair 2022-2024

Region XII Chair 2017-2024

2021-2024

Emma Johnson

Ryan Popko Trustee

Dr. Bina Nayak Technical and Education Council Chair

Shea Dunifon

Andrea Ditto Region XI Chair

Michael Acosta Region X Chair

Elizabeth Page Region VII Chair

Samantha O’Farrell Region II Chair

Sean Lathrop

Pam London-Exner Trustee

Mark McDowell MAC Chair

AWWA GEORGE WARREN FULLER AWARD

Fred Bloetscher, Ph.D., P.E.

Dr. Fred Bloetscher, the Florida Section’s Fuller Award recipient, embodies the principles of the George Warren Fuller Award, especially demonstrating constructive leadership, research, and organizational skills in promoting the water profession. He has been an active Florida Section volunteer since joining in 1989, truly advancing the mission and goals of the section and AWWA.

MAC DADDY AWARD

Patrick Williamson

Fred Bloetscher, Ph.D., P.E.

The Fuller Award recipient is arguably the smartest member of AWWA. Having contributed enormous amounts of practical knowledge to the water industry, his list of accomplishments would take longer to read than the entire length of this magazine’s pages.

A summary of his achievements follows.

S After earning a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Miami, he held leadership roles at several major water and wastewater utilities in Florida, overseeing capital improvement programs exceeding $200 million.

S In 2004, he joined the engineering faculty at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, where he currently serves as a full professor and associate dean for undergraduate studies and community outreach. He continues to collaborate with local governments and utilities on system evaluations, needs assessments, strategic planning, and capital construction.

S His achievements are widely recognized. He has received three university leadership awards, two national leadership awards, and in 2012 was honored by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying for his role in developing the world’s first LEED-Gold water treatment facility, the Dania Beach Nanofiltration Facility.

S A dedicated volunteer, he is one of the most prolific contributors in the history of the Florida Section. As chair of the Fall Conference Technical Program Committee for many years, he has become a legend for delivering engaging and educational sessions. Thousands of engineers have benefited from his humorous yet insightful “Laws and Rules for Professional Engineers” class, which has helped make Florida Section engineers among the most competent and ethical in the field.

S At the association level, he has generously served as chair of the AWWA Water Resources Division, Groundwater Resource Committee, and Education Committee. In 2011, he was honored with AWWA’s inaugural Volunteer of the Year Award.

S If you want to enhance your online presence, take a lesson from him. A quick search of his name yields more than 15 pages of impressive research, achievements, and interviews—a testament to his enduring impact on the industry.

S His contributions and leadership have left an indelible mark on the water industry, the engineering community, and countless professionals he has mentored along the way.

Dr. Bloetscher’s humility and charm shine through—even sparing his “not-so-smart” fans by leaving his “impossible-to-spell” last name out of his email address!

This award honors the Manufacturers/Associates Council (MAC) member or honorary member who has contributed the most to the success of the FSAWWA Fall Conference.

Patrick Williamson received the award this year. Patrick has been instrumental in the success of the MAC’s New Technology and Training Committee (NTTC) events. As an active volunteer within the MAC, he initially contributed by providing training to fellow section members. When the NTTC was established, Patrick took on the role of chair of the webinar series, a position he held for two years. He then advanced to chair the in-person live events before ultimately becoming the NTTC chair. In this role, he gained deeper insight into the training and topics essential for maintenance personnel, operators, and consultant engineering groups.

Patrick’s leadership and unwavering commitment have significantly shaped the MAC’s training initiatives. Due to his dedication and leadership, Patrick was unanimously elected as the 2024-2026 MAC chair. His commitment and hard work in these initiatives exemplify his dedication and passion to advancing technology and training with the FSAWWA community.

ROBERT L. CLAUDY AWARD

Dr. Bina Nayak

This MAC award is named in honor of Robert L. Claudy, who was a past chair of FSAWWA and is a big supporter of the Fall Conference and the Roy Likins Scholarship program. Claudy emphasizes the significance of continued support and volunteerism within the FSAWWA community.

Dr. Nayak was honored with this year’s award for her exceptional contributions as an AWWA member. She has made a significant impact on FSAWWA by providing invaluable support to its programs through her outstanding leadership, creativity, and dedicated service in the water-related field. Dr. Nayak’s remarkable work with the FSAWWA Technical and Education Council (TEC) has been particularly noteworthy, as her initiatives and activities have positively influenced the organization’s technical and educational efforts.

In addition to her leadership of TEC, Dr. Bina Nayak has expertly managed the Monday workshops at the Fall Conference for several years. Her unwavering dedication and attention to detail have been pivotal in the success of these workshops. Working closely with Dr. Fred Bloetscher, Dr. Nayak has demonstrated the power of collaboration and teamwork, ensuring the delivery of engaging and high-quality sessions that have significantly enhanced the conference’s value.

Dr. Bina Nayak with the Robert L. Claudy Award trophy.

Pat Williamson with the MAC Daddy Award.

Shea Dunifon with the Allen B. Roberts Award trophy.

This award is named in honor of Allen B. Roberts Jr., who worked diligently as the Florida Section’s executive director to improve the status of the section by providing valuable leadership.

Shea Dunifon has consistently demonstrated an unwavering commitment to her endeavors within the community and the professional associations she serves. Her volunteer spirit and leadership have left an indelible mark on every organization she has been a part of, particularly in the realm of the FSAWWA Model Water Tower Competition, the FSWWA High School Operator Academies, and other professional conferences.

As the Public Affairs Council (PAC) chair, Shea Dunifon has exhibited exceptional leadership. She has a keen understanding of the needs of high school academies and has undertaken significant procedural changes to enhance the experience of high school students attending the FSAWWA Fall Conference. One of Shea’s notable contributions as PAC chair is her recommendation to introduce two additional PAC awards: the Industry Award and the Public Advocacy Award. These awards were presented at the annual business luncheon.

Shea’s influence extends beyond her role as PAC chair. She is actively involved at the association level, contributing her expertise and insights into various initiatives. Shea was invited to present at the AWWA ACE24 Innovation Hub, an honor that underscores her thoughtful leadership and innovative approach. One of her goals is to engage with more utilities to bring Project WET (classroom-ready teaching materials on all things water) to local classrooms. Her active participation in conferences and workshops highlights her commitment to continuous learning and sharing knowledge with her peers

Congratulations to Shea on her exceptional achievements and unwavering commitment. Her passion for education and innovation continues to resonate deeply within the water community.

The FSAWWA Executive Committee proudly recognizes Lisa Wilson-Davis for her outstanding dedication and contributions beyond her duties in service to FSAWWA and its board of governors.

As FSAWWA chair-elect in 2024, Lisa has remained a driving force within the organization. She played a key role in securing public relations, branding, and communications consulting services from HDR to enhance the section’s strategic communications and brand implementation plan. As a result of her efforts, the section successfully hosted three media training sessions for utility members. These sessions provided participants with the opportunity to develop and refine their key messages during mock interviews—not with the goal of being right or wrong, but to help them gain confidence in their communication skills.

Adding another impressive achievement to her list, in addition to being the 2025 FSAWWA chair, Lisa will continue to serve as cochair of the FL2051 Committee. This committee plays a crucial role in shaping the

future of Florida’s water industry and supporting the section’s longterm vision. A key initiative under this committee’s leadership is the annual FSAWWA Utility Community Innovation, Technology, and Financial Workshop, which has been held since 2022. Under her leadership, the workshop has continued to thrive, bringing industry professionals together to tackle key challenges and collaborate on innovative solutions for the future.

Josh Anderson was recognized as the MAC Member of the Year for his outstanding dedication and invaluable contributions to the Fall Conference.

A longtime MAC volunteer, Josh has been instrumental in the success of the conference’s operator events. As the Operator Events Committee chair,

he oversees both indoor and outdoor competitions, ensuring seamless execution year after year. For over a decade, Josh has coordinated with vendors to secure essential materials and donations, playing a key role in making these events possible.

The operator events at the Fall Conference—including Backhoe Rodeo, Meter Challenge, Fun Tap, Ductile Iron Tap, and Hydrant Hysteria—continue to thrive under his leadership. His dedication and hard work have left a lasting impact on the MAC and the water community, making him truly deserve this honor.

Josh Anderson with his award.

Shea Dunifon

Lisa Wilson-Davis with the Dr. Edward Singley Award.

CHARLES HOGUE AWARD

DR. EDWARD SINGLEY AWARD OF EXCELLENCE

ALLEN B. ROBERTS JR. AWARD

Lisa Wilson-Davis

Josh Anderson

REGIONS VOLUNTEER OF THE YEAR AWARD

YOUNG PROFESSIONAL OF THE YEAR AWARD

Congratulations to Elizabeth Page on receiving this prestigious award, recognizing her outstanding dedication and contributions to the success of young professionals within the FSAWWA community.

As Region VII cochair, Elizabeth played a pivotal role in organizing numerous networking and training events tailored for young professionals. Her commitment extended beyond expectations, including spearheading a “Lunch & Learn” seminar in Key West—demonstrating her passion for fostering professional growth and connection.

Her leadership and dedication to the next generation of industry professionals continue to make a lasting impact. After stepping down as Region VII cochair, Elizabeth will further her contributions by serving as the FSAWWA Young Professionals Committee chair for 2024-2026.

COUNCIL CHAIRS AWARD OF EXCELLENCE

Elizabeth Page

This award honors individuals who contributed their time and talent to the success of their region.

Region II

Camryn Swain

Region III Martin Coleman

Region

Neil Coffman

Region

Wesley Oehmig

Rhyannan Campos

This award honors distinguished service by a council or committee chair who has made the most significant contribution to the council.

Accepted by Christine Misner.

Region X Brooke Bailey

Elizabeth Page with the Young Professional of the Year trophy.

FSAWWA Public Advocate of the Year

Lara Milligan

The FSAWWA Public Affairs Council Public Advocate of the Year Award honors an individual outside the immediate water industry (and outside of FSAWWA) for strengthening public relations and awareness of Florida’s water future by advocating, communicating, and/or educating for local and/or statewide issues.

Public Affairs Council Industry Advocate of the Year Award

Ryan Deeney

This award seeks to recognize people such artists, teachers, public officials, board members, and leaders of nonprofits that complement the FSAWWA’s mission to build public trust.

This first award goes to Lara Milligan, natural resources agent at the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Extension in Pinellas County.

The Industry Advocate of the Year award recognizes an individual inside the water industry. This individual strengthens public relations and awareness of Florida’s waters and our water future by advocating, communicating, and/or educating for local and/or statewide issues. This award seeks to recognize the people who do not perform public/external affairs, outreach, education, public information, or similar roles 10 percent or more of the time as part of their job duties. It is specifically for water professionals who advocate for the industry by positively representing the utility and industry because they recognize the need to make a difference.

This first award goes to Ryan Deeney, utility plant manager at City of Jacksonville Beach.

Section Staff’s Volunteer Award of Distinction Introduced This Year!

Jessica Green

Mike George

At the 2024 FSAWWA Fall Conference Awards Luncheon, special recognition was given to Jessica Green and Mike George, whose contributions to FSAWWA go above and beyond, despite not holding a formal volunteer position within the organization. The award is not about titles, but the heart and dedication one brings to a cause. The recipients have shown unwavering commitment to FSAWWA and the water industry through their tireless efforts, compassion for others, and willingness to serve whenever and wherever needed. The award is a merit award and will not necessarily be presented every year.

BEST PAPER AWARDS

“Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Platinum Ditelluride (Ptte2) Nanofilms for Harmful Algal Blooms (Habs) Toxins Degradation”

• Jong-Hyun Baik, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Chang-Hyeon Yoo, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Nareg Krikorian, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Sang Sub Han, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Yeonwoong Jung, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Woo Hyoung Lee, University of Central Florida, Orlando

“Building a More Accurate AI Chatbot for Engineering Problem Solving in the Water Industry”

• Michael Demko, Wade Trim Inc.

• Rob Sinclair, Wade Trim Inc.

• Kevin Hou, Wade Trim Inc. and Carnegie Mellon University

Whether stepping in to help with an event, lending a hand in times of need, or offering invaluable support behind the scenes, they have consistently demonstrated the spirit of service at the core of our mission. Their impact may not always be visible in the most obvious ways, but it is felt throughout our association and the communities we serve.

It’s because of individuals like Jessica and Mike that the work we do is made possible. Through their kindness, willingness to give of themselves, and devotion to making a difference, they exemplify what it means to be a true champion of the FSAWWA.

“Assessing PFAS Occurrence in a Municipality’s Potable Water, Reclaimed Water and Wastewater Aqueous and Solid Streams”

• Nino Stea, University of Central Florida, Orlando

• Dr. Steven J. Duranceau, University of Central Florida, Orlando

Jessica Green and Mike George received the 2024 Volunteer Award of Distinction on behalf of the FSAWWA staff and all its members.

Lisa Milligan accepting her award.

Ryan Deeney with his award.

Accepting the award are Dr. Steven J. Duranceau and Nino Stea.

Accepting the award are (left to right) Chang-Hyeon Yoo, Sang Sub Han, Woo Hyoung Lee, and Jong-Hyun Baik.

Accepting the award are (left to right) Michael Demko, Kevin Hou, and Rob Sinclair.

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AWARDS

An award is given to a utility with outstanding performance during the preceding year that deserves special recognition by the section. The criteria for these awards shall be based on, but not limited to, the following:

• Must be a member of AWWA (organization or individual)

• Actively supports the activities of the Florida Section

The scholarships are awarded each year by the section to outstanding graduate or undergraduate college students enrolled in an accredited Florida institution who are pursuing a degree related to the drinking water industry. The scholarship is named for the late Roy Likins, former president of Palm Coast Utility Corporation and a lifelong member of AWWA, who served as section chair and secretarytreasurer, as well as Region IX chair with the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association.

The total for scholarships awarded was $48,500.

• Completed the questionnaire

• Demonstrates high standards and integrity

The following utilities earned the first-place award in their respective divisions.

Division 2 - Destin Water Users Inc. Left to right are Jake Salyers, Larry Burgess, and Zach Hilton.

Division 4 - City of Pompano Beach Utilities Dept. Left to right are Larry Teich, Nathaniel Watson, Mondy Claude, and Mirta Santos.

Division 5 - Bonita Springs Utilities Inc. Left to right are Lance Reighter, Mike Prescott, and James Morris.

Division 7 - Lee County Utilities Accepted by Brian Gilman and Daniel LaBelle.

Division 8 - Hillsborough County Water Resources Dept.

Pictured are (front row, left to right) Ramon Santos, Chris Greco, and Brian Williams; (middle row) Paul Tyson, Priscillano Delgado, Kenneth Williams, and Cody Foster; and (back row) Colin Maughan, Terry Shiflett, Chris Campbell, and Torrance Lee.

ROY W. LIKINS SCHOLARSHIP

Javed Ali University of Central Florida

Shannon Egger Florida Atlantic University

Zachary Hudson Florida Gulf Coast University

Rivka Reiner University of Miami

Sam Laing University of Central Florida

Natchaya Luangphairin University of South Florida

Jocelyn McParland University of Central Florida

Kwabena Darko Okyere, University of South Florida

Stacey Lynn Sanderlin Florida Gulf Coast University

Daniel Polycarpe University of Miami

PICTURED

Best in Class (Comprehensive)

Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department

“Miami Dade County Comprehensive Water Conservation”

Patrick J. Martin

Meritorious (Single)

Pasco County Utilities

”Reactive Focused Assistance Site Visit”

Sandra Anderson and Phoenix McKinney

Best in Class (Single) Seminole County

“Seminole County, Seminole County’s Irrigation”

Abbey Matre

Show of Excellence (Comprehensive)

“Collier County Public Utilities, Conserve Water Love Collier” Evelyn Longa

Meritorious (Comprehensive)

City of Tampa Water Department

“City of Tampa Water Conservation and Efficiency Team”

In the front row (left to right) are Liz Hall, Julia Palaschak, and Ileana Hernandez; in the back (left to right) are Sarah Burns, Ryan Smith, Tonia Torres, and Justin Winn.

Show of Excellence (Single)

City of Winter Haven

Water Department

“City of Winter Haven

Water Irrigation Education Program”

Elliott Santiago-Lugaro

Delight In and Celebrate the Incoming Chair’s Reception and BBQ Challenge Extravaganza!

The 10th annual BBQ Challenge and Incoming Chair’s Reception at the Omni Orlando Resort at ChampionsGate was a resounding success! The outdoor space at the hotel provided a scenic backdrop for the evening, creating an atmosphere that combined music, networking, and delicious food and drinks for over 900 attendees. The beautiful night and the hotel patio created a perfect setting to conclude the day’s events.

The occasion also served as a celebration for Lisa Wilson-Davis, the incoming FSAWWA chair, who will be leading the section in 2025. Marjorie Craig, the outgoing FSAWWA chair, took the opportunity to express her gratitude to everyone for attending and extended her congratulations to Lisa. It was a memorable and enjoyable event that brought together members of the water community in a festive and supportive atmosphere.

Lisa WilsonDavis, incoming FSAWWA chair, addresses the crowd.

Musical entertainment from Rick Hutton and Nicole Thomas enhanced the 2024 BBQ. Having talented individuals like Rick and Nicole showcasing their skills as guitarists and vocalists added a vibrant and entertaining element to the evening.

Event Sponsors

The FSAWWA Contractors Council and the following companies sponsored the complimentary beverages:

S Archer Western/The Walsh Group

S Barney’s Pumps

S C & T Contracting Service

S Cogburn Brothers Electric

S Kiewit

S McDade Waterworks

S Moss Kelley Inc.

S North Lake Electric Inc.

S VMG Construction Inc.

The FSAWWA Contractors Council and the following companies sponsored the barbecue sides:

S Archer Western/The Walsh Group

S Baxter & Woodman

S Cogburn Brothers Electric

S Crom Corporation

S PC Construction

S Petticoat Schmitt

S Ric-Man Construction Florida

S Rocha Controls

S Sinns & Thomas Electrical Contractors

The FSAWWA Contractors Council and the following company sponsored the music:

S Woolpert Inc.

The sponsors played a crucial role in making the 2024 BBQ event a great success. Their support contributed to the overall positive experience for attendees. There is nothing like an ice-cold drink and some delicious sides to compliment great BBQ to add to the enjoyment for all attendees.

Event Chairs and BBQ Teams

With cochairs Drew Gumieny, Mike George, and Richard Anderson leading the way, the event was in capable hands. Seventeen teams participated in this year’s contest with the goal of earning the title of “Grand Champion,” All the teams brought their best skills, recipes, and techniques to the table.

They all competed for top honors in chicken, pork butt, pork ribs, beef brisket, and overall champion, and the companies that sponsored the teams were:

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Rick Hutton and Nicole Thomas provide the entertainment. Attendees enjoy the BBQ.

The hotel patio provides a welcoming setting for the event.

Networking at the BBQ.

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S Bonita Springs Utilities

S Burns & McDonnell and Haskell

S Charlotte County & Jones Edmunds

S Core & Main

S F.J. Nugent & Associates Inc.

S Ferguson Waterworks

S Freese Nichols

S Garney Construction

S Halff

S Insituform & Azuria

S Kimley-Horn/Mead & Hunt

S Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority

S PCL Construction

S Pinellas County

S Utility Solutions and Automation LLC

S Wade Trim & Seminole Tribe

S Wharton-Smith Inc.

Judging of all the meat entries was conducted before the official opening to ensure that the best in each category and the grand champion were accurately determined.

Thank you to the volunteer judges:

S Greg Taylor, Wright Pierce Inc.

S Shea Dunifon, JEA

S Mark Lehigh, Hillsborough County

S Jason Parillo, Mead & Hunt

S Kim Kowalski, FSAWWA

S Peter O’Laughlin, City of Margate

S Pedro Stiassni, City of Margate

S Nick Maragh, City of Margate

S Eric Martin, City of Zephyrhills

BBQ Winners

Richard Anderson announced the results at the end of the evening. Honors went to the following teams:

Top Honors

S People’s Choice Award: KimleyHorn/Mead & Hunt

S 2024 BBQ Grand Champion: Utilities Solutions

S First-Place Honors:

• Chicken: Seminole Tribe/Wade Trim

• Pork Ribs: Utilities Solutions

• Pork Butt: Utilities Solutions

• Beef Brisket: Utilities Solutions

Congratulations to all and kudos to the teams competing this year!

The collaboration and friendly rivalry among these pitmasters contributed to the overall success and enjoyment of the 2024 BBQ contest. The combination of great food, fun, music, and locale contributes to its success.

The 11th annual BBQ Challenge, to be held during the 2025 FSAWWA Fall Conference at the beautiful Rosen Shingle Creek Resort and Hotel, is something to look forward to. Attendees can anticipate another round of great food and enjoyable experiences.

Make sure to stay tuned for news and updates so you don’t miss out on the excitement! S

First-Place Pork Butt: Team Utilities Solutions

First-Place Chicken: Team Seminole Tribe/ Wade Trim

First-Place Pork Ribs: Team Utilities Solutions (Teams flanked by Marjorie Craig and Lisa Wilson-Davis in all photos.)

People’s Choice Award: Teams Kimley-Horn/Mead & Hunt

First-Place Beef Brisket: Team Utilities Solutions

2024 BBQ Grand Champion: Team Utilities Solutions

Richard Anderson

Financial, Energy, and Environment Impacts of a Utility’s “Forgotten City”

Roy Mundy and John Simpson

Consulting engineers for water utilities approach the design of many facilities strategically to benefit their clients. Pump and motor efficiencies in treatment plants and boosters are carefully evaluated to reduce electrical costs. Supervisory control and data acquisition systems are analyzed to efficiently operate the system. Treatment methodologies are incorporated to provide effective and efficient processes to accommodate the raw water source of the utility. Utility office buildings are constructed with energy efficiency and resiliency in mind.

All these assets are visible, unlike a water utilities underground pipeline infrastructure. These pipelines provide both transmission and distribution of water to the customer. Many water utilities fail to consider the importance of pipeline material selection, basing their decision mainly on a cost per ft of the pipeline material itself.

Components in Pipeline Material Selection

There are several components that should be evaluated beyond the initial per-ft material cost of pipeline material that have a financial impact on the water utility, both in construction and operation/maintenance of the pipeline. These decision-making elements will potentially vary in magnitude from one utility to another; however, each should be considered and quantified prior to final material selection.

This article will highlight these components, why they should be considered, and the potential financial, energy, and environmental impacts to a water utility.

Energy Costs

Engineers involved in pipeline design of pressurized drinking water systems are very familiar with head loss created by water moving from one point in a pipeline to another. The value of this head loss can be determined by the Hazen-Williams formula:

HL = 1,000 [(V)/0.115C(d)0.63))]1.852

where:

HL = Head loss (ft/1000 ft)

V = Velocity of Flow (fps)

C = Flow Coefficient (C factor)

D = Actual inside diameter (in.)

One important factor of determining head loss is the actual inside diameter of the pipeline: the larger the inside diameter, the smaller the value of the head loss that must be overcome. To overcome this head loss in a presurrized water system, energy is applied through pumping, which comes in the form of electric costs to the utility. Pipelines with larger inside diameters provide immediate hydraulic efficiency. This is illustrated in Figure 1, which notes comparable inside pipe diameters of the two most commonly utilized materials for drinking water systems at the most commonly used diameter. How can this financially impact a water utility? Over the design life of a pipeline, hundreds of thousands—or even millions— of dollars can be saved (or lost) when applying pumping cost formulas to this energy component. The exact cost impact will depend on the unique operation of the pipeline in a utility’s system under certain conditions:

PC= 1.65 HLQ(a/E)

where:

PC = Pumping cost ($/year based on 24 hour/day)

HL = Head loss (ft/1000 ft)

Q = Flow (gal per minute)

a = Unit cost of electricity ($/KWH)

E = Total efficiency of pump system (%/100)

Additionally, pipelines with larger inside diameters provide lower head loss and can save a water utility capital costs by deferring the need of booster pumps or parallel mains in serving extremities of the water system. Equivalent flow through longer lengths of pipe will be available for new development utilizing pipeline material with larger inside

Roy Mundy, P.E., and John Simpson, P.E., are regional engineers with McWane Ductile.

diameters. This is especially important when fire flow requirements come into play.

Estimated Service Life

A longer service life of any asset will benefit a utility and its customers: the longer an asset lasts, the longer the financial impact of replacement can be deferred in lieu of premature replacement due to products with less estimated service life. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) published a research report, “Buried No Longer: Confronting America’s Water Infrastructure Challenge” (AWWA, 2012), which served as a report card on water infrastructure in the United States. It contained an estimated service life for various types and sizes of pipeline material in different regions of the U.S. using the Nessie Model. This model refers to a sophisticated, data-driven system used to monitor and manage water systems, often including realtime data analysis, anomaly detection, and optimization features, This is similar to how the mythical Loch Ness Monster (hence the name “Nessie”) is imagined to be large and hidden beneath the water’s surface, implying a complex system operating unseen beneath the surface of the water system.

In many cases, certain materials were estimated to last almost twice as long as other materials. Using the comparison of the most used pipeline materials for drinking water systems, ductile iron pipe and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, the estimated service life of ductile iron pipe in many regions of the country was 105 years, whereas that for PVC pipe was 55 years. The AWWA report should be reviewed by utilities prior to material selection of a particular pipeline material to determine the asset life advantage to the utility.

A significant financial impact for a

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utility can be deferred when an existing asset continues to serve customers for an extended period of time in lieu of needing replacement prematurely due to less estimated service life. A longer service life of an asset can also benefit the utility financially, depending on the accounting methodology of the utility and how that translates to customers accommodating future asset construction or replacement. An example would be the proven longer service life of a product that could provide a compelling argument to financial institutions to extend bonding terms, thus reducing the rate impact on customers.

Environmental Impact

Expectations regarding environmental issues within the U.S. continue to increase and a drinking water utility’s concern and approach to respective environmental issues under its control are now being considered within projects. To maintain support and credibility of a more environmentally sensitive customer base, water utilities

need to carefully examine issues that can be affected by their actions.

Energy savings that can be derived by use of hydraulically efficient pipeline material were presented earlier. Obviously, this energy savings component of the utility aligns with environmental expectations in reducing the carbon footprint; however, another expectation of the utility’s customers may well be to assess and utilize materials that are manufactured with lower impact on the environment. One example of this comes from a University of Michigan research project, the results of which were presented at the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Pipelines Conference in 2016. Figure 2 shows a graph that compares ductile iron pipe and PVC pipe regarding the carbon footprint, both from a production and operation standpoint. Ductile iron pipe is manufactured out of 95 percent recycled materials, making it more environmentally sustainable. Recognizing the societal expectations of customers can in fact have a financial impact on the utility. Choosing the use of pipeline material that is more environmentally friendly may well find the utility in better stead with customers when

implementing rate increases or dealing with other public relations and public involvement issues.

Wildfires and Thermal Degradation of Drinking Water Infrastructure

As of October 2020, more than 47,000 wildfires have occurred across 36 U.S. states. Drought is a major factor within certain of these geographical areas. Recent research reveals new information on the dangers of drinking water contaminated by PVC pipe, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe as a result of many of these wildfires. A research study published in Environmental Science and Water Research Technology by Andrew J. Whelton, Ph.D., et al. (2021) documents drinking water contamination from thermal degradation of plastic pipes, and it revealed an even greater danger to drinking water from plastic pipes. The results indicated that when plastic pipe materials are exposed to elevated temperatures, benzene, a known carcinogen, and other volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds are leached into drinking water. The heat from wildfires or structure fires can thermally damage buried plastic mains, resulting in water contamination. Plastic pipes may not only release hazardous contaminants into a drinking water system; they can also acts as a sink, absorbing benzene and organic contamination when negative pressures or main breaks draw smoke from the fire into the distribution system.

The potential for water main damage increases significantly because of the low melting point for PVC and HDPE pipe materials. Low melting levels endanger a community’s ability to combat fires when melting mains can no longer provide vital firefighting flows. In addition, gaseous fumes from burning plastics have also hindered and obstructed firefighting efforts in certain circumstances. According to models developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it could take as many as 195 days of constant flushing to reduce 20 parts per bil (ppb) to less than .5 ppb from a single HDPE pipe. In fact, replacing certain pipes may be more effective in terms of cost and time than flushing the contamination out. Obviously, considering all of this, careful consideration should be given to the pipe material type when wildfire occurrence is prevalent. The potential financial impact

Figure 2. Comparisons of the carbon footprint of ductile iron pipe and polyvinyl chloride pipe.

Figure 1. Comparable inside pipe diameters.

to the utility not only includes the total loss of pipeline facilities, but could include legal liability for the inability to provide needed fire protection and unintentional contamination of the drinking water, which possibly could transmit to unaffected areas in the system.

Financial Impacts Relating to Pipeline Construction

The type of bedding and backfilling used to construct a new pipeline can have a significant impact on the overall cost of construction. Whether it be replacement lines under streets in urban areas, pipelines installed in rural areas, or mains serving newly built subdivisions, each construction methodology has its unique approach, which if not recognized and evaluated, can have a financial impact on capital expenditures. Where pipeline installations are not located under a paved area, trench types should be utilized to adequately support the respective pipeline material being used, but should not be overdesigned, as this adds unnecessary cost to construction.

To prevent a pipe from overdeflecting, thus causing leaks at the joints or possibly failure of the pipeline, pipe and soil stiffness must be considered (Figure 3). Obviously, if a pipe material has inadequate stiffness to support a trench/vehicle load, a trench providing adequate soil stiffness (E’) must be constructed (Figure 4).

Various trench types for pipeline construction are noted in AWWA Manual M41, Manual of Water Supply Practices for Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings (Third Edition). Once again, using the most commonly used pipeline materials in the drinking water industry, the low value of 700

pounds per sq in. (psi) for the E’ necessary for ductile iron pipe is due to its inherent strength. Conversely, the E’ necessary for PVC pipe approximates 2,000 psi, almost a factor of three. Thus, a type 1 or type 2 trench condition can be utilized for ductile iron pipe, with a trench requirement for PVC pipe being that of careful compaction using select material in types 3 through 5 trenches.

Trench types are as follows:

S Type 1 – Undisturbed earthen trench with loose backfill.

S Type 2 – Flat-bottomed trench consisting of lightweight backfill up to the spring line of the pipe.

S Type 3 – Trench where pipe is bedded in a minimum of 4 in. of loose soil. The backfill is consolidated lightly up to the top of the pipe.

S Type 4 – Trench where the pipe is bedded in the crushed aggregate, sand, or gravel to a depth of an eighth of the pipe diameter utilizing a 4-in. minimum backfill compacted to top of pipe. Compaction to be approximately 80 percent standard proctor.

S Type 5 – Trench with a pipe bedded to its center line in compacted granular material and a 4-in. minimum under

the pipe with compacted granular or select material to the top of the pipe. Compacted granular material is limited in size to a 2-in. maximum, per the ANSI/AWWA C600 standard. Compaction to be approximately 90 percent standard proctor.

This obviously increases construction costs for pipe material with much less stiffness, with requirements of not only providing select material, but hauling away trench spoil.

Costs to Connect or Reconnect Customers

Another cost related to construction is that of connecting or reconnecting customers to the water system. Once again, this is an evaluation each utility must make regarding the experience and performance of methodologies used. Looking first at individual connection or reconnection of residential customers, many utilities approach different pipeline materials with differing respective methods of installation. One example is the use of a tapping saddle— or not.

Why should this be a consideration? The corporation stop average load to failure

Continued on page 46

Figure 3. Pipe and soil stiffness can affect overdeflecting.

Figure 4. Pipe stiffness and trench load.

in a pullout test shows 9,644 pounds for ductile iron pipe versus 4,558 pounds for PVC pipe. The in.-pounds respectively show 4721 in.-pounds for ductile iron versus 3269 in.-pounds for PVC pipe (Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association [DIPRA], 2015: “Tapping Ductile Iron Pipe Versus Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe”). In a Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association publication, it is noted that PVC pipe becomes less resistant to impact at very low temperatures and becomes more flexible and thus susceptible to overtightening of the tapping machine, and that feed rates should be less in cold weather (Uni-Bell, 2007). This, coupled with the fact that no direct tap should be installed on PVC pipe that has external wall stress due to bending of the pipe during installation, illustrates to some utilities that a tapping saddle be used when tapping certain pipeline materials; in this case, PVC pipe. Ductile iron pipe CL 350 can be directly tapped for a new customer service line without the use of a tapping saddle (DIPRA, 2008: “Tapping Ductile Iron Pipe Versus Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe”).

Some utilities may not choose this conservative approach, but those that do must add the cost of these tapping saddles to the cost of connecting or reconnecting customers when using certain materials; in this case, PVC pipe. This cost can progressively create financial impacts over time. It should also be noted that some pipeline designs for subdivisions as outlined have service tees installed during construction.

Another construction cost consideration when connecting customers via a trunk line, or even facing unknown obstacles in field installations, is that of using pipeline materials that can utilize easily accessible appurtenances, such as fittings. Pipeline materials that require prefabricated fittings, etc., can ultimately cost significantly more money and time on a project when unknown circumstances occur.

Water Treatment Effects on Infrastructure

Plastic pipes can react negatively to certain oxidants utilized in the water treatment process. One specific example involves a water utility that utilizes hydrogen chloride as a treatment plant oxidant. This utility’s drinking water has been awarded the best tasting in the state for several years using this treatment methodology; however, it was found by the utility that this

treatment compound prematurely degraded approximately 21 mi of HDPE pipe in its system due to oxidative degradation. Subsequently, this pipeline had to be replaced at a very substantial financial impact to the utility.

A utility never knows when a treatment process must be changed due to new standards or regulations, a change in raw water source, etc. Materials selected for the pipeline infrastructure of a water system should possess the qualities to transmit drinking water, regardless of the determined treatment methodology, to prevent significant financial impact to the utility due to premature failure.

Drinking Water Contamination Due to Permeation

When determining the choice of pipeline material to be utilized, soil conditions beyond normal potential corrosive elements should be considered. Projects have occurred where water mains have been installed through certain properties, such as old gas stations, brownfield sites, etc. Substances contained in the saturated soils have consequently permeated certain pipeline materials, namely plastics. The financial impact for a water utility is not only replacement of that portion of water line, but can evolve into replacing much more of the connecting system due to contaminated water being transmitted through it. A utility not only can lose customer confidence, but potentially face legal action. The route of a drinking water pipeline must be carefully reviewed, with potentially historic information being discerned to assure the best material is selected for the best cost benefit to the utility, and ultimately, the customer.

Conclusion

The selection of the proper pipeline material for the underground infrastructure of a water system has significant financial impact on costs relating not only to construction, but operating and maintenance costs well into the future. Choosing pipe materials mainly from a material cost per ft will not benefit the utility or its customers. Elements of design life, operating efficiency, low-cost maintenance, installation, resiliency, and environmental impacts should be part of the material selection decision, the same as constructing visible above ground facilities.

Utilities and their engineering

professionals should not allow underground infrastructure to become the “Forgotten City.”

References

• Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association (DIPRA, 2008). “Ductile Iron Pipe Versus PVC.” PVC/10-08/4M.

• Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association ( DIPRA, 2015). “Hydraulic Analysis of Ductile Pipe.” Revised 2015.

• Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association (DIPRA, 2015). “Tapping Ductile Iron Pipe Vs. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe.” Revised 2015.

• UniBell PVC Pipe Association (Unibell, 2007). “Tapping Guide for PVC Pressure Pipe.” uni-PUB-8-07.

• American Water Works Association (AWWA, 2012). “Buried No Longer: Confronting America’s Infrastructure Challenge.” Report developed by the American Water Works Association under the direction of its Water Utility Council through Stratus Consulting, Boulder, Colo.

• American Water Works Association. Manual M-41, Water Supply Practices for Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings, Third Edition.

• P. Isaacson, C.R. Proctor, Q.E. Wang, E.Y. Edwards, Y. Noh, A.D. Shah, and Andrew J. Whelton. “Drinking Water Contamination From the Thermal Degradation of Plastics: Implications of Wildfire and Structural Fire Response.” Environmental Science -Water Research & Technology, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021.

• Andrew J. Whelton and T. Nguyen. Contaminant Migration from Polymeric Pipes Used in Buried Potable Water Distribution Systems: A Review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 43(7), 679–751, DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2011.627005.

• K.P. Isaacson, C.R. Proctor, Q.E. Wang, E.Y. Edwards, Y. Noh, A.D. Shah, and Andrew J. Whelton. Drinking Water Contamination from the Thermal Degradation of Plastics: Implications of Wildfire and Structural Fire Response, 2021, Environmental Science -Water Research & Technology, Royal Society of Chemistry.

• Albert Thomas, Bharadwaj R K Mantha, Carol C Menassa. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan. A Framework to Evaluate Life Cycle Costs and Environmental Impacts of Water Pipelines. ASCE Pipelines Conference, 2016. S

The Legacy of Regions I, II, and III: A History of the Florida Section American Water Works Association

WLisa Wilson-Davis Chair, FSAWWA

ater is life. It sustains our communities, supports industry, and connects us to the natural world. For decades, the Florida Section of the American Water Works Association

(FSAWWA) has played a pivotal role in safeguarding this vital resource. Among its many achievements, regions I, II, and III stand out as cornerstones of progress and innovation in water management across the state. These regions, spanning the diverse landscapes of north and central Florida, showcase the importance of localized efforts within a statewide mission. Their histories are rich with milestones that reflect the evolution of Florida’s water infrastructure and the dedication of countless professionals who have championed clean, safe, and sustainable water systems.

Region I - The Panhandle’s Water Stewards: The Panhandle Pioneer Chair - Felicity Appel, P.E.,

Kimley-Horn

Region I encompasses the middle and eastern portion of Florida’s Panhandle and includes the following counties: Franklin, Gadsen, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Taylor, and Wakulla. It’s a region defined by its unique geographical features and historical ties to water and characterized by its rich coastal ecosystems and small-town communities. Known for its serene beaches and karst topography, the area is home to some of the world’s largest and deepest freshwater springs, including Wakulla Springs, a source of pride and a vital resource for local ecosystems and communities.

This region is also home to the Lake Jackson Aquatic Preserve, a unique hydrological wonder. Normally a full lake, renowned for record-breaking largemouth bass, Lake Jackson periodically experiences dramatic dry-down events, during which most of its waters drain into a sinkhole. These natural occurrences attract visitors from far and wide, eager to witness this rare phenomenon. Additionally, the exposed lakebed creates exceptional habitats for waterfowl and wading birds, making it a premier destination for birdwatching enthusiasts.

In the mid-20th century, Region I professionals began organizing efforts to address local challenges, like nutrient removal, to protect freshwater springs and flood reduction, and these efforts continue.

Northwest Florida Water Management District: A Partnership in Stewardship Serving multiple counties, including Franklin, Leon, Taylor, Wakulla, and a portion of Jefferson, the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD) has undertaken various projects to manage and protect water resources across the region. These efforts include land acquisitions to preserve floodplains and the implementation of recreational opportunities that promote

Wakulla County coastline.

Lake Jackson.

Northwest Florida Water Management District map.

environmental stewardship. The NWFWMD also partners with local communities by providing millions of dollars in grant funding for septic-to-sewer conversion projects to reduce nitrogen in spring sheds and other waterbodies.

Notable Projects

Many Region I utilities have implemented several significant water infrastructure projects to enhance water quality, manage wastewater, and protect natural resources. Notable initiatives include:

S Otter Creek Wastewater Treatment System Improvements. This project received over $6 million in state funding to upgrade the Otter Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, enhancing its capacity and efficiency to better serve the community and protect local waterways.

S Monticello Wastewater Treatment Facility Solar Project. A solar array was installed at the treatment facility to reduce energy consumption/costs and increase resiliency of the facility.

S Big Bend Water Authority’s Septic-to-Sewer Program. Allocated $1 million in state funds, this program aims to convert septic systems to central sewer connections, reducing nutrient loading and improving water quality in the region.

S Southside Triangle Infrastructure Project. This project was awarded over $2 million in grant funding to bring centralized sewer to over 200 hundred parcels in an effort to reduce septic tank flows and enhance groundwater quality.

S Apalachee Regional Park Stormwater Improvements. As part of broader infrastructure enhancements, this project focuses on improving stormwater management systems within the park to prevent flooding and protect water quality in surrounding areas.

S Flint Rock Tract Acquisition. This conservation project involves acquiring 17,273 acres of forested upland and wetland communities to protect water quality through the preservation and restoration of natural landscapes, thereby reducing runoff of pollutants into nearby waterbodies.

These projects reflect a concerted effort across Region I to invest in water infrastructure, ensuring the sustainability and quality of vital water resources for their communities.

Region I Highlights

The chapter’s main event every year is our Best Tasting Drinking Water Competition. Through ups and down of membership and pandemic times, Region I has been able to keep this event going strong with the help of key volunteers like Dave Roberts, P.E., with City of Tallahassee.

Region II - The Heart of Innovation: The Gateway to Growth

Chair - Emory Gawlik, P.E., CDM Smith

Region II serves the northeastern part of Florida, including Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and surrounding areas and includes Clay, Duval, Flagler, Nassau, Putnam, and St. Johns counties. St. Augustine is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the United States and its historical water systems highlight centuries of water ingenuity. During the mid-20th century, Jacksonville’s rapid population growth prompted advancements in water infrastructure, making it a model for other cities in the Southeast. This region has long been a hub of innovation.

Notable Projects

Many in this area have undertaken several significant water infrastructure projects to enhance water quality, manage stormwater, and ensure sustainable water resources for their communities.

S Stormwater Drainage Department Establishment (2022). Recognizing the need for improved oversight of water quality and quantity, Nassau County established the stormwater drainage department in 2022. This department focuses on comprehensively mapping the stormwater system to better serve citizens with future flood protection and water quality projects.

S JEA Total Water Management Project - River Crossing. To meet the growing water demand and protect the Floridan aquifer, JEA implemented the River Crossing project. This involved installing a pipeline 100 feet below the St. Johns River, utilizing advanced horizontal directional drilling techniques. The project was completed ahead of schedule, ensuring a sustainable water supply for Jacksonville residents.

S Better Jacksonville Plan. This plan was a multibillion-dollar initiative that funded various projects, including water and sewer expansions. This plan significantly contributed to the modernization of Jacksonville’s infrastructure, promoting sustainable growth and development.

S Black Creek Water Resource Development (WRD) Project. To help meet future water demands, while protecting natural resources, the St. Johns River Water Management District initiated the Black Creek WRD project. The project involves a 10-mgd pump station, a 17-mile raw water transmission main, and a treatment system to increase recharge in the Upper Floridan aquifer and help contribute to regional minimum flows and levels recovery in the Keystone Heights area.

These projects demonstrate the proactive efforts of Region II in addressing water infrastructure needs, ensuring environmental sustainability, and enhancing the quality of life for their residents.

Region II Highlights

Each of the Region II volunteers plays a vital role in the success of our events. This year, we were proud to recognize their 2024 Volunteer of the Year, Camryn Swain! Camryn’s dedication, from organizing events to staying late to help the Region II team, truly sets her apart. Her willingness to step up—especially with registration—has made a lasting impact in the region. Thank you, Camryn, for your exceptional commitment!

11th Annual Clay Shoot: A Record-Breaking Year!

For over a decade, the FSAWWA Region II/FWEA First Coast Annual Clay Shoot has brought together industry professionals for a day of networking, barbecue, and clay shooting at Saltwaters Shooting Club in St. Augustine. In 2024, the event welcomed over 100 participants and 40 teams, raising a record $14,600 to support FSAWWA and FWEA initiatives. Special thanks to Barry Stewart, with St. Johns County Utility District, for his continued leadership in organizing this successful event!

“Hopportunity”

Hour: Connecting Young Professionals

The FSAWWA Region II/FWEA First Coast/ASCE Jacksonville “Hopportunity” Hour is designed to connect summer interns and young professionals with industry members. In 2024, nearly 50 attendees and nine sponsors gathered at the Intuition Ale Works rooftop bar in Jacksonville, fostering valuable networking opportunities. We’re excited to continue this event next year!

Wine for Water: Benefitting Water For People

Region II’s Wine for Water event made a strong return in 2024, with 21 sponsors and 110 attendees coming together for a memorable Continued on page 50

Camryn Swain displays her award.

evening of great food, games, and a presentation from our section’s Water For People chair. Thanks to generous donations from 12 local businesses—including event tickets, artwork, and wine—our silent auction helped raise an impressive $16,500 for Water For People. We extend our gratitude to all who participated and supported these incredible events, helping make them a success year after year!

Region III - Bridging Coastal and Urban Water Needs: The Heart of the State

Chair - Andrea Netcher, Ph.D., P.E., Black & Veatch

Region III covers Florida’s densely populated east coast and central Florida and is hub for tourism, agriculture, and growing urban centers, like Orlando and Daytona Beach. Region III includes Brevard, LAKE, Orange, Osceola, Seminole, and Volusia counties. This region has balanced the challenges of rapid urbanization with the preservation of critical water resources, such as the Indian River Lagoon, one of the most biologically diverse estuaries in the Northern Hemisphere.

This region’s role in FSAWWA has been pivotal in addressing water demands from its booming population and thriving industries. Since its establishment, Region III has led ambitious infrastructure projects, including the development of large-scale reclaimed water systems to reduce reliance on freshwater sources. The region has also been a leader in

public engagement, recognizing the importance of community buy-in for successful water initiatives.

STOPRR Group: Safeguarding Our Waterways

Many utilities in Region III are part of the STOPRR (Stop the Outfall Pollution, Reuse, and Recharge) Group, which is a dedicated coalition committed to protecting Florida’s water resources through innovative strategies in wastewater management, stormwater treatment, and aquifer recharge. By promoting the elimination of harmful outfalls, advancing water reuse technologies, and fostering sustainable recharge practices, STOPRR is at the forefront of ensuring clean, safe, and resilient water systems for future generations. Their work exemplifies a collaborative approach to tackling water challenges, emphasizing community engagement and cutting-edge science.

Recent Projects

Utilities in this area have undertaken several significant water infrastructure projects to enhance water quality, expand capacity, and ensure sustainable resources for their communities.

S Southern Regional Water Supply Facility (SRWSF). Opened in 2021, this $32 million facility provides high-quality potable water to the county, drawing from six production wells tapping into the Lower Floridan aquifer. The SRWSF is designed to meet the demands of the rapidly growing population, including areas like Horizon West.

S Floating Solar Array Installation. In line with its sustainability goals, Orange County

installed the largest floating solar array in the southeastern U.S. at the SRWSF. This initiative supports the county’s objective of achieving100 percent clean, renewable energy by 2035.

S Lake Jesup Basin Study. The county initiated the development of a watershed management plan for the Lake Jesup Drainage Basin to address water quality and flooding concerns. This comprehensive study aims to enhance stormwater management and environmental protection.

S Big and Little Econlockhatchee Basin Study. Focused on the Big and Little Econlockhatchee river basins, this project involves developing a watershed management plan to improve water quality and manage flood risks effectively.

S DeLeon Springs Water and Wastewater Services. A new water line was completed in DeLeon Springs, connecting McInnis Elementary School and surrounding areas to DeLand’s water and sewer systems, significantly improving local water infrastructure.

These projects reflect the proactive efforts of Region III to invest in critical water infrastructure, ensuring the well-being of their residents and the protection of natural resources.

Region Highlights

The success of FSAWWA Region III is driven by dedicated volunteers who give their time and passion to advancing our mission.

Andrea Netcher, with Black & Veatch, has led the region as chair for the past four years, during which sponsorships and active volunteers have doubled, and fundraising for charities has reached record levels. As leadership transitions, Ben Yoakum, with Orange County Utilities, is set to take the helm in 2026, bringing his experience as Technical and Education Council chair, where he introduced technical luncheons to engage young professionals.

Supporting Region III efforts, Jessica Green, with Orange County Utilities, ensures seamless event execution, while spearheading community outreach, including an annual holiday water program at local schools. Kirsten Burns, with Carollo, and the region’s secretary for over a decade, plays a crucial role in keeping 30-plus sponsors and 70-plus active volunteers engaged.

This year, Region III proudly recognized Martin Coleman as the 2024 Volunteer of the Year for his exceptional leadership of the Wine for Water fundraiser, benefiting Water For People and Water Equation charities.

Thanks to the unwavering dedication of

Shown (left to right) are Andrea Netcher, Black & Veatch; Christophe Robert, Orange County Utilities; Chris Owen, Hazen and Sawyer; and Ben Yoakum at the Technical and Education Council PFAS event.

their volunteers, Region III continues to grow, set new benchmarks, and expand its impact in the community!

Region III hosts more than 20 educational, community, fundraising, and networking events that unite central Florida’s water professionals to share ideas and tackle regional water challenges. Two signature events include the Blue Springs River Cleanup and Wine for Water.

Each Earth Day, Region III joins Volusia County’s Blue Springs River Cleanup, helping remove debris from this protected spring while raising awareness about One Water and integrated water resource management. The Wine for Water gala at the Orlando Science Center is one of Florida’s largest water industry fundraisers, featuring a silent auction, live band, and interactive activities. In 2024, the event raised $67,000, bringing the three-year total to over $150,000 for Water For People and Water Equation.

Nationally, it ranks as the second-largest Water For People fundraiser in the U.S., supporting global water and sanitation projects and advancing water research and training initiatives.

Through these impactful efforts, Region III continues to drive change and strengthen the water industry’s future.

Uniting Past, Present, and Future

The histories of regions I, II, and III highlight the incredible progress made in water resource management across Florida. From addressing local challenges to pioneering solutions that have set national standards, these regions demonstrate the power of collaboration and innovation in ensuring clean and reliable water supplies.

The work of these regions serves as a testament to the enduring value of stewardship, science, and community. Together, they have paved the way for a sustainable water future in Florida, ensuring that this precious resource remains a cornerstone of life for generations to come.

Looking Ahead

As we face new challenges, like climate change, population growth, and aging infrastructure, the lessons learned from these regions will be more important than ever. Their legacies remind us that water is not just a resource—it’s a responsibility we all share.

By continuing to innovate, collaborate, and educate, FSAWWA and its regions will undoubtedly remain leaders in the global water community, proving that the history of water is, above all, a story of resilience and hope. S

Water Tower Competition

Holiday Outreach Event

TFWEA’s Annual Leadership Development Workshop

Joe Paterniti, P.E. President, FWEA

he FWEA recently completed its annual Leadership Development Retreat. This year, the FWEA board invited all chapter and committee leaders to attend a one-and-ahalf-day (Sunday afternoon through Monday) workshop at the Shores Resort and Spa in Daytona Beach Shores (www.shoresresort. com).

Joan Fernandez, who is FWEA presidentelect and works at CDM Smith, planned and conducted the workshop this year. Joan kicked off the workshop with introductions. She then utilized the FWEA organizational chart to have each of FWEA’s eight directors at large (DAL), and their respective committee and chapter leaders who report to the DAL, stand

and introduce themselves to the group. Joan's goal for the workshop was for everyone to build relationships, learn something, and have fun.

The workshop agenda was well thought out, and the activities and presentations for the next day and a half were outlined—a few of which I will highlight here.

FWEA’s Year in Review

At the workshop I noted that, from the Florida Water Resources Conference (FWRC) in June 2024 to Jan. 30, 2025, FWEA conducted 81 events with over 3,200 registered attendees. Our technical committees have conducted 19 training seminars and issued over 1320 professional development hours (PDHs). Some notable initiatives that are complete or underway include the implementation of FWEA brand standards, FWEA Google Workspace, and the development of ondemand training.

Kevin Carter gave an informative update on recent successes and the continuing

efforts of the FWEA Utility Council (www. fweautilitycouncil.org) to monitor and provide input on water resources issues at the state and federal levels. The council provided valuable science-based input to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) in the development of Chapter 62-565, F.A.C., to establish procedures to obtain a permit for and construct, modify, operate, and maintain an advanced treatment water facility (ATWF). The council also continues to monitor progress on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances biosolids rulemaking.

2025 Florida Water Resources Conference Update

Mish Clark of the Mish Agency, who is the FWRC executive director, gave an update on this year’s conference, which is scheduled for May 4-7 in West Palm Beach. Over the past three years, the conference has grown and is now known throughout our industry as the

Joan Fernandez gives workshop introductions and facilitates the ice breaker session. Joe Paterniti (left) and Keven Carter (right) conduct the year in review session.

Mish Clark gives a briefing on the conference. Mish sorting through FWEA’s sponsorship process.

FWEA Brand Implementation and Sponsorship Update

Mish also provided an overview of implementing the FWEA brand guidelines and recommendations from her review of the FWEA sponsorship process. The FWEA continues to assist our nine chapter and 14 committee leaders with utilizing the new brand standards for event flyers and social media posts. The goal is to provide a consistent FWEA brand throughout the state. The challenge of any new process is having people follow it.

Reviewing how FWEA solicits sponsorships for our chapters and committees is like opening a can of worms; there are as many different processes as there are chapters and committees.

Team-Building Exercise

Sunday afternoon, we participated in “The Go Game Build-A-Bike” team-building exercise. The Go Game Build-A-Bike staff was fantastic, making the event engaging and fun.

The 50-plus participants assembled into six teams where one person from each team used their phone to download the Go Game app. Each team completed trivia and creative missions in the first phase to earn points and bike parts. Then, we were directed to assemble two bikes per team. In the third phase, the assembled bikes were brought to an inspection station to ensure they were correctly assembled. Once the bikes had passed inspection, the teams had to ride bikes through an obstacle course before the event was completed.

For our last event of Sunday after the teambuilding exercise, we all gathered for dinner.

FWEA Financial Planning

Day two was also full of presentations and activities. Attendees heard from David Hernandez, FWEA vice president, on our 2023-2024 financial summary, and from Megan Nelson, our secretary-treasurer, on the FWEA 2025-2026 business plan preparation.

Inflow and Utility Worker Scholarships

Jisell Muir, chair, and Olga Mikhalchi, vice chair, of the FWEA Student and Young Professionals (S&YP) Committee spearheaded the Water Environment Federation (WEF) programs at the state level, where FWEA sponsors young professionals to attend FWRC.

Training and Continuing Education Committee Briefing

Kenny Blanton, Training and Continuing Education Committee chair, and Suzette Blanton, staff liaison (known here as FWEA’s Team Blanton), provided a review of the

process for issuing continuing education units (CEUs). The FWEA is licensed by FDEP to issue continuing education credits in the form of PDHs and CEUs. The requirements for professional engineering license renewals is being updated this year and professional engineers will be

Continued on page 58

The Go Game Build-A-Bike staff briefing.

The FWEA bike builders.

Continued from page 57

required to report their continuing education on the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) continuing professional competency (CPC) tracking system (www.ncees.org/ncees-services/cpc-tracking).

that had the correct answers to the questions.

Final Thoughts

We also had some fun on day two with group trivia. Mike Sweeney, FWEA executive director of operations, led the strategic planning

I always come away from this event inspired by the dedication of our volunteer leaders. These folks, along with their committee

and chapter colleagues, continue to provide outstanding service to our members and the water resources industry. They are not satisfied with continuing to provide the same programs year after year; they continue to look for innovative ways to deliver relevant networking and training opportunities for our industry.

I am so proud to be associated with these leaders. S

Megan Nelson explaining the FWEA business plan development.

Student and Young Professionals Committee is building FWEA’s future leaders.

Kenny Blanton and Suzette Blanton (left and right) discuss continuing education topics.

Please welcome your host of FWEA “Jeopardy,” Dr. Mike Sweeney.

2024-2025

FWEA volunteer leaders.

FWRJ READER PROFILE

Jay Madigan

Graham Inc. FDWOSB 8(a), Orlando

Work title and years of service.

I have been chief resilience officer (CRO) of Graham Inc. since March 2023.

What does your job entail?

As CRO I build and lead teams to win and serve contracts with federal, regional, and commercial clients focused on both water and weather. Graham Water facilitates the transformation, re-creation, and management of water- and weather-focused organizations to human-centered, effective stewardship of natural resources.

What education and training have you had?

I have a master of public administration degree from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and a bachelor of science degree in psychology from Xavier University.

What do you like best about your job?

The people I meet. My job allows me to build bridges of communication among national, regional, and local water and atmospheric organizations through secure, people-led data sharing and decision making. I learn from some of the most interesting, virtuous, talented people from all walks of life. Facilitating the intensely interconnected work of frontline water professionals to the public’s well-being is incredibly fulfilling.

What professional organizations do you belong to?

I belong to American Water Works Association (AWWA), American Meteorological Society, Underwater (Hockey) Society of America, Association of Regional Water Organizations, American Water Resources Association, and Technology of Participation.

How have the organizations helped your career?

Volunteering with the Florida Section of the American Water Works Association (FSAWWA) has helped me grow my organizational skills, fellowship, and technical understanding. When I moved to Orlando in 2012, I initially had minimal involvement with FSAWWA, but that changed when I met Jackie Torbert and Casey Cumiskey. Jackie, at the time a dynamic leader at Orange County Utilities, and Casey, then FSAWWA’s professional membership chair, and I started working together to expand the section’s membership, beginning in Region III. With their guidance, I focused on making it easier for all water professionals to join and engage with FSAWWA throughout the state.

Leading targeted recruiting efforts, including organizing meetings, facilitating our section membership strategy, and setting

achievable goals, I was able to support the FSAWWA team effort in significantly increasing membership statewide (our first year we pulled ahead of Illinois and Texas, which heard our footsteps!). As a result, I was presented with the Zenno A. Gorder Membership Award two years in a row. Peggy Guingona, then the section executive director, further encouraged my growth as a Membership Committee chair, board member, Water Equation coordinator, and now a trustee. I’m grateful to have been awarded the Allen B. Roberts Jr. Award for outstanding service to the section and the AWWA Management and Leadership Division Exceptional Service Award. My volunteer work has unquestionably strengthened my professional profile.

Ultimately, FSAWWA has shaped my path toward our common goal of ensuring the availability of safe water—essential for life and central to sustainable growth—while promoting a water management strategy that supports Florida’s vibrant and growing community.

What do you like best about the industry?

The all-encompassing reach of water. Marine biologist Wallace J. Nichols ends his influential book, “Blue Mind: The Surprising Science That Shows How Being Near, In, On, or Under Water Can Make You Happier, Healthier, More Connected, and Better at What You Do,” with the sentence: We wish you Water! The book encompasses Nichols’ theory that being near water can induce a state of peacefulness. This state, his research shows, is characterized by “a sense of unity, happiness, and satisfaction.” Thanks to AWWA I was able to meet Dr. Nichols when he presented at the 2015 ACE in Anaheim, Calif. It was so inspiring!

When my wife, Marta, and I are meeting new people, she frequently reminds me there is more to conversation than explaining

Marta, Jay, and friend.

Marta and Jay.

Randy Lusk and Jay.

Dr. Meisenheimer and Jay point to the Lake Cane Restoration Society’s volunteer-driven “Digital Twin” project, a wireless sensor network that collects and shares data from several sources, including real-time water temperature and hand-sample information.

all the fascinating emotional, behavioral, psychological, and physical connections humans have with water. I do try, however, to flood my interlocutions with water stories from athletes, leading scientists, military veterans, and gifted water treatment operators. Through our work in water we can contribute to the public’s health, reduce people’s stress, increase happiness, and overall improve the quality of our environment. What a gift working in water provides. Our industry does nothing less than innovate technologies, sciences, and organizational imagineering with continuously surprising perspectives for a better life for all.

What do you do when you’re not working?

I swim. When you live in Florida and like to swim, you’ve got to pick where to swim carefully and I found the best place when my wife and I moved here. My friend and the friend of thousands of swimmers, Dr. John “Lucky” Meisenheimer, is passionate about swimming.

He, too, is a member of FSAWWA. For 35 years he has hosted an open water one-kilometer swim and I like to invite new people to join us. In fact, when she was in town, Barbara Martin, formerly AWWA’s director of engineering and technical services and now executive director of the Water Collaborative Delivery Association, participated in Lucky’s Lake Swim.

Development surrounding Lake Cane has meant the accumulation of high concentrations of nitrogen in the water because of nasty outflow from roads, lawns, storm sewers, septic

systems, and streets. To fight against multiple dimensions of the algae bloom problem and aiming for an increase of transparency in the water, Lucky started, and I help manage, the Lake Cane Restoration Society, a 501(c) organization with a mission of keep the lake swimmable, fishable, and lovable and serve as an example to others.

So, to keep swimming my time off includes addressing nutrient buildup in Florida lakes by facilitating fun, high-performing teams with a passion for solving critical water issues. S

The Lake Cane Restoration Society is preserving the lake for future generations.

As Wallace J. Nichols writes: We wish you Water!

Jay and Jackie Torbert with his Zenno A. Gorder Membership Award.

A Science-Driven and Stakeholder-Driven Approach to Watershed Improvement Strategies

Robert Laura, Kelly Westover, and Ben Quartermaine

Sarasota County (county) implemented a comprehensive watershed management program to develop watershed management plans throughout the county. The Sarasota Bay Watershed Management Plan Best Management Practices Analysis (BMP analysis) was cooperatively funded by the county and the Southwest Florida Water Management District to improve the health of the Sarasota Bay Watershed. The consulting team consisted of Stantec Consulting Services Inc., Janicki Environmental Inc., Shafer Consulting, and Watershed Management Services LLC.

The goals for this BMP analysis were as follows:

S Perform flood modeling and identify projects to alleviate flooding.

S Analyze surface water quality and pollutant loading to the bay to identify projects to reduce nutrient loading.

S Educate, engage, and elicit feedback from a variety of stakeholders and community partners.

S Develop a funding strategy to implement projects.

Robert Laura, P.E., is watershed engineering manager-stormwater, with Sarasota County Government. Kelly Westover, CFM, PMP, is senior principal-management and technology consulting, and Ben Quartermaine, P.E., is senior project manager with Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in Sarasota.

A team of local government staff, consultants, partners, and stakeholders developed the BMP analysis beginning in 2019 through 2022. Partners involved in the development include the Sarasota Bay Estuary Program, City of Sarasota, Town of Longboat Key, and a large group of stakeholders representing organizations and neighborhoods within the watershed.

The county has participated in the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System (CRS) since 1992 and is currently a Class 5-rated community benefitting its residents with over $7 million in flood insurance premiums annually. Striving for excellence, the county has embarked on moving to a Class 4 (or even a Class 3) community, and as such, elements of this project will help the county meet the requirements. This analysis will fulfill some of the requirements in the CRS Activity 452.b, such as modeling the 100-year storm for flood risk, evaluating the impact of future conditions on mitigation projects, and providing mitigation recommendations for reducing flood risk in the watershed. Future conditions consistent with CRS requirements have been included in this project to help the county receive additional points for the activity.

The project area consists of portions of Sarasota Bay and Roberts Bay watersheds. The Sarasota Bay Watershed is comprised of areas within both Sarasota and Manatee counties, but for this project, the boundary is the county portion of the watershed consisting of Whitaker Bayou, Hudson Bayou, Longboat Key, Bird Key, Lido Key, and Sarasota Bay coastal basins. The Roberts Bay Watershed includes Phillippi Creek and the Roberts Bay coastal basins (Figure 1) and within these boundaries are many geographic “basins” or “subsegment” delineations used for sampling and reporting of various data sources. These include watershed basins, sub-basins, and catchments.

Figure 1. Project area.

Table 1. Roadway Level of Service Deficiency

Comprised of 96.4 sq mi of mostly developed area, the watershed is highly urbanized and contains the downtown core of the City of Sarasota. There are over 32 mi of shoreline along the coast and three developed barrier islands. Historically, the land was ditched and drained to make way for agriculture and development and was significantly altered from a natural state over the past 100 years. Today, the project area is highly urbanized, with some publicly owned land sprinkled throughout the watershed as parks.

Methodology

The current conditions consist of key issues facing the highly urbanized watershed, including historic flooding, impaired waterbodies, high nutrient loading, declining seagrass, limited existing stormwater treatment, altered waterbodies, and little available public land for stormwater systems.

The county has defined a target flood protection level of service (LOS) of no structure flooding and varying depths of roadway flooding during a 100-year storm event. The methodology for determining the structural LOS deficiencies consisted of the following:

S Creating building footprints buffers

S Creating a digital elevation model within building footprint boundaries

S Raster conversion and elevation statistics

S Transferring elevation to building footprints

S Accounting for vertical datum shift

S Calculating finished floor elevation

S Calculating structure flooding LOS deficiency

S Accounting for homes built after light detection and ranging

S Quality control and review

The analysis determined there were 795 (1.06 percent) of the total structures in the watershed not meeting the LOS criteria.

The methodology for determining roadway LOS deficiencies consisted of the following:

S Street vector data preprocessing

S Derive street LOS grids

S Finalize street LOS feature

S Quality control and review

Results for each classification of roadway are shown in Table 1, with 20 percent of evacuation routes not meeting the LOS criteria.

Janicki Environmental Inc. performed a surface water resource assessment (SWRA) to gather and analyze current water quality conditions against regulatory criteria. The complete surface water quality criteria can be

Table 2. Results of Comparing

Clark Lake 1971

Clark Lake Drainage 1971A

Drain to Hudson Bayou 1953A

Hudson Bayou Tidal 1953

Philippe Creek Tributary 1941

Philippe Creek Tributary 1966

Phillippi Creek 1937

Phillippi Creek Tidal 1947

Walker Creek 1936A

Whitaker Bayou Tidal 1936

found listed in Chapter 62-302 of the Florida Administrative Code (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2017). The 14 waterbody identification numbers (WBIDs) within the Sarasota and Roberts Bay watersheds were processed for all of the parameters for which data were available (Table 2). The only freshwater nutrient impairment was found in Clark Lake where total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll a exceedance have occurred. There are only two marine WBIDs with nutrient criteria exceedances, both for chlorophyll a, in the tidal WBIDs of Hudson and Whitaker bayous. All of the waterbodies with sufficient data exceeded the applicable fecal indicator bacteria, E. coli for freshwater water bodies and Enterococci for marine waters.

The Spatially Integrated Model for Pollutant Load Estimates (SIMPLE), developed for the county by Jones Edmunds and Associates (JEA, 2005) was used to estimate current watershed loading and develop nutrient loading targets using data from the period of record (19952019). The model provides pollutant loading estimates from various inputs, with land use categories and locally derived rainfall having the largest influence. Nitrogen is the pollutant of concern in this watershed, so a ranking system was used, with high, medium, and low as shown in Figure 2, to target priority areas.

To improve watershed conditions relative to flood protection and water quality, areas were identified with flood LOS deficiencies, as well as locations that have been identified as having high nutrient loads (nitrogen) in stormwater

runoff from the SWRA evaluation. The results were used to identify priority management areas (PMAs) for the development of conceptual best management practices (BMPs).

Subcatchments, or smaller watershed basins, that had overlap among all three deficiencies (structure and roadway LOS deficiency and high nitrogen loading) were identified and logically grouped as potential PMAs for further study and analysis. Filters were applied to the subcatchments to identify only those that were of medium to high criticality for roadway flooding, structure flooding, and pollutant loading. The ranking of those individual factors was combined for a cumulative ranking, based on the flooding, roadway, and pollutant loading scores of the subcatchments to help prioritize and rank the PMAs in order of importance or most critical.

Once the PMAs were finalized, each area was reviewed with the following considerations to assess the practicality, functionality, and performance of potential project concepts, or BMPs:

S Proximity to publicly owned lands

S Available right of way

S Land use types

S Existing stormwater infrastructure

S Flooding and pollutant loading characteristics

A menu of watershed improvement strategies was considered, ranging from nonstructural, such as ordinance revisions and credit programs, to structural capital projects, like pervious pavement and conveyance modifications (Figure 3).

Results

Twenty-two conceptual projects were identified, with measurable benefits calculated that were associated with reduced flooding, and by using the BMPTRAINS model (Best Management Practices used for Treatment and calculations for Removal on an Annual basis Involving Nutrients in Stormwater) to estimate pollutant load reductions. Watershed Management Services led the nutrient load reduction and the BMPTRAINS model was used to evaluate and optimize the nutrient load reduction effectiveness of alternative projects. The model incorporates the latest information relative to designing stormwater treatment systems in Florida using statewide-derived data for rainfall, effectiveness, concentrations, and design criteria. The conceptual projects will alleviate flooding at 58 structures and 7,435 lin ft of roadway, bringing them into compliance with the county’s flood LOS. Pollutantreduction projects are targeted in the highest

Figure 3. Example of structural best management practices.

Figure 4. Screen capture from a live Miro interactive whiteboarding exercise.

offending areas and have the possibility of collectively reducing just under 12,000 pounds of nitrogen from entering the bay each year. The total cost of the projects is estimated at $22 million (in 2022 dollars).

Since the projects could impact a wide range of stakeholders, from adjacent property owners, community groups and organizations, utility companies, other local or state agencies, and private organizations, a robust community outreach plan was employed throughout the project.

Every project was an opportunity to engage the community, and in turn, generate ideas that improved the conceptual BMP project and gained public support for implementation. It was important to provide a format for community members to share their needs and desires and observe the evolution of the project resulting from their input. Building trust with the public minimized conflict and helped resolve issues that arose during the decision-making process.

The project’s outreach strategy developed communication pathways into Sarasota Bay Watershed networks and communities, targeting community leaders, neighborhood association leaders, and the general public. Project goals, objectives, progress, and findings were communicated through stakeholder meetings, community meetings, a webpage, and social media.

A broad coalition of community stakeholders, sponsors, partners, and consultants joined forces to accomplish project goals and objectives. Five stakeholder meetings were convened where participants discussed and provided valuable input to the consultant team on project findings and recommendations. Meeting highlights included discussions about:

S Water quality status and trends and hotspots analyses

S Flood modeling and LOS deficiency areas

S Integration of flooding and water quality hotspots and prioritizing PMAs

S Potential structural projects to reduce flooding LOS deficiencies and pollutant (nitrogen) loading to waterbodies

S Potential project costs and benefits

S Consideration of additional benefits that projects might contribute to the community

For projects determined to be beneficial, feasible, and potentially fundable, stakeholders generated a list of additional benefits that potential projects might contribute to the community, and their relative importance (Figure 4). For this exercise, the outreach team utilized Miro, a live interactive whiteboarding collaborative tool for group engagement on a virtual online meeting platform. Additional

benefits prioritized by stakeholders reflected longstanding community values, including fish and wildlife habitat, economic benefits, resiliency to sea level rise and other climate stressors, and green space. Other secondary benefits included green equity, public safety, recreation, education, connectivity, walkability, public access, property values, insurance, and property rights. Stakeholders generated a list of additional benefits that potential projects might contribute to the community. Stakeholders and some partners ranked the importance of additional benefits with a red

star (first choice) and a blue dot (second/third choice).

While the project ranking was performed based on measurable benefits related to relieving deficiencies and pollutant loading, these additional benefits were taken into consideration by the county.

Communities in the Sarasota Bay Watershed were invited to participate in 11 in-person or Zoom meetings since much of this project was conducted during COVID-19 restrictions. Invitations targeted organizational

Continued on page 66

Figure 5. Survey results.

Table 3. Funding Sources Summary

networks and neighborhood associations near priority project locations. Ninety-four representatives from 30 neighborhoods and over 11 organizations attended community meetings. Attendees learned about project PMAs in the Sarasota Bay Watershed, zoomed into their particular neighborhoods where water quality and flooding LOS deficiency issues were identified, and then discussed project concepts and their locations. Community members provided input about their experiences with water quality and flooding in their neighborhoods and about potential projects to mitigate those issues. Neighbors from all areas were keen to see timely progress made in improving flooding and water quality issues around their properties.

A survey was used by the project team to better understand the opinions and interests of participants and to tailor the meetings to address them. Experiences with flooding on evacuation routes were more common than flooding on neighborhood streets, and experiences with flooding inside homes or businesses were rare. A strong majority believed good water quality is very important at beaches and bays. They rated the water quality in the waterbody (canal, creek, bay, or gulf) near their home from good to very poor, with most respondents rating their waters as fair. Generating new local funding for water quality projects was very important among the majority of participants, as shown in Figure 5.

Eight Facebook and Twitter (now X) posts highlighting key aspects of the Sarasota Bay Watershed plan were used during the project. Combined, the first three Facebook posts attained a reach of 7,955 people, with 86 engaged users, 24 reactions, seven comments, and 78 clicks. Sarasota County hosted a project webpage (www.scgov.net/ government/public-works/watersheds) that included a general project summary, goals and objectives, history of watershed planning, Sarasota Bay Watershed map, contact information, stakeholder working group member list, and working group meeting agendas, minutes, and slide decks.

On the website was a link to Storymap, a user-friendly, graphically rich story map that provided a summary of project participants, goals, objectives, and findings. It explained the development of PMAs and mapped their locations. It also presented a menu of potential structural project concepts to reduce water quality degradation and flooding LOS deficiencies, as well as examples of potential nonstructural solutions, including policy solutions and community guidance.

A funding strategy was developed through detailed research of potential funding options for the types of BMPs recommended in the plan. Funding sources included local funding, grants, financing, and the various federal legislative acts providing funding for infrastructure. See Table 3 for a summary.

Final Steps

The county commission adopted the Sarasota Bay Watershed Management Plan BMP Analysis on Sept. 13, 2022, and authorized staff to lay out a tactical plan for implementation, including funding for the design, permitting, and construction of the project concepts and working with partners and stakeholders.

References

• Sarasota County Government, Sarasota Bay Watershed Flood, and Water Quality Improvements Final Report, April 27, 2022.

• https://www.scgov.net/government/public-works/watersheds/-folder5149#docan13622_18456_6964. S

Celebrate 2025 National Drinking Water Week!

For nearly 40 years, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) has celebrated Drinking Water Week with its members. This year, it will be held May 4-10.

In 1988, AWWA brought the event to the attention of the United States government and formed a coalition with the League of Women Voters, Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. That year, Rep. Robert Roe of New Jersey and Sen. Dennis DeConcini of Arizona sponsored a resolution to name the first week of May as National Drinking Water Week, and an information kit was distributed to the media and to more than 10,000 utilities across the U.S. Willard Scott, the popular NBC “Today” show weatherman at the time, was featured in public service announcements that aired between May 2 and 8. The week-long observance was declared

organizations to participate. Through that effort, the National Drinking Water Alliance was formed, consisting of 15 nonprofit educational, professional, and public interest organizations. The alliance dedicated itself to public awareness and involvement in public and private drinking water issues and continued its work to organize a major annual educational campaign built around Drinking Water Week.

The power of the multiorganization alliance enabled Drinking Water Week to grow into widespread and committed participation throughout the U.S. and Canada. In 1991, the alliance launched a national campaign to inform the public about America’s drinking water. The group distributed a kit containing ideas for celebrating the event, conservation facts and tip sheets, news releases, and posters. The theme was “There’s a lot more to drinking water than meets the eye.” That same year, actor Robert Redford recorded a public service announcement on behalf of Drinking Water Week.

Celebrating Drinking Water Week is an easy way to educate the public, connect with the community, and promote employee morale. Too often, water utilities receive publicity only when something bad happens; Drinking Water Week celebrations give utilities an opportunity for positive communication and a way to connect with their customers.

Public Communication

Communicating to the public during Drinking Water Week is integral to any successful celebration. Some options and ideas are:

S Advertise in local newspapers (hard copy and online)

S Send bill stuffers to customers

S Work with local libraries, and senior and community centers, to set up displays

S Use mall kiosks to reach a broad audience

S Coordinate distribution of AWWA and local utility news releases

S Publicize the release of water utility consumer confidence reports

S Send public service announcements to local radio, television, and cable stations

S Set up a Facebook page and use other social media outlets like YouTube, Instragram, and TikTok

Community Events

It’s important to be a part of the local community. Communitywide events are fun and festive ways to make sure that customers know about their drinking water—where it comes from, how they get it, and what they can do to help ensure their drinking water quality. Events could include the following:

S Invite your community members to an open house

S Inaugurate an adopt-a-hydrant program

S Plant a tree

S Conduct plant tours

S Hold a landmark dedication/anniversary celebration

S Bury a time capsule

S Partner with local botanic gardens and environmental groups

S Plan a community cleanup

Youth Focus

Drinking Water Week is a perfect time to educate children and youth about their water supply in an atmosphere of fun. Here are some ideas:

S Feature a children’s coloring contest or essay contest

S Hold a poster contest

S Have utility employees make presentations at local schools

S Partner with a local school district and hold an artwork contest that encourages students to draw or color pictures showing how water is essential to their daily lives

Internal Communications and Events

Don’t forget your employees! Drinking Water Week can help reaffirm to employees the importance of what it is they do—provide clean, safe drinking water for the public. Consider these:

S Hold an annual employee picnic during Drinking Water Week

S Create a utility or company newsletter feature on Drinking Water Week

S Video employees talking about their jobs and what they do to make the public’s water safe and post the information on social media

Plan Ahead

Drinking Water Week is celebrated during the first full week of May each year. Future dates are:

S 2026 – May 3-9

S 2027 – May 2-8

S 2028 – May 7-13

S 2029 – May 6-12

For questions about Drinking Water Week contact Megan McDowell at mmcdowell@awwa.org or 920.493.0532. S

C L A S S I F I E D S

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POSITIONS AVAILABLE

City of St. Petersburg – Plant Maintenance Technician II (IRC64242) This is advanced, specialized, and skilled technical work in the maintenance and repair of treatment and pumping instrumentation and equipment used in water and wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations, with an emphasis on advanced electronics and electrical systems, including equipment calibration from component level to system loop calibrations at water and wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations located in the City of St. Petersburg. Close Date: 03-19-2025; $27.49 - $40.15; See details at www.stpete.org/ jobs EEO-AA-Employer-Vet-Disabled-DFWP-Vets’ Pref

City of St. Petersburg – Plant Maintenance Technician or Plant Maintenance Technician II (IRC64233) This is specialized and skilled technical work maintaining water and wastewater process equipment at the Cosme Water Plant in Northwest Hillsborough County and pumping stations in the City of St. Petersburg. Work involves inspecting, servicing, calibrating, and maintaining sophisticated electrical systems, telemetering devices, monitoring instruments and mechanical equipment, analyzing, diagnosing, and correcting mechanical and electrical/electronic equipment malfunctions. Close Date: Open Until Filled; $26.69 - $40.15; See details at www.stpete.org/jobs EEO-AA-EmployerVet-Disabled-DFWP-Vets’ Pref

Town of Davie

Assistant Utilities Director

$140,806 to $175,742/yr

Chief Operator-Water Division

$76,560 to $90,844/yr

Operations Manager-Utilities-Water

$91,124 – $105,476/yr

Utilities Maintenance Supervisor (Treatment Plants)

$68,734 – $75,779/yr

Lift Station Operator

$47,985 – $51,688/yr

Plant Operator Trainee or Plant Operator I

$40,830/yr or $48,942 – $54,038/yr

Plant Operator II

$53,726 – $60,777/yr

Utilities Field Tech Trainee or Utilities Field Tech I

$40,352/yr or $42,452 – $46,862/yr

Apply Online At: https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/davie

Open until filled.

Utilities Treatment Plant Operator I or Trainee

$57,208 - $80,496/yr. or $51,889 - $73,012/yr.

Utilities System Operator Foreman

$57,208 - $80,496/yr.

Utilities Lift Station Operator I

$49,418 - $69,536/yr.

Utilities Lift Station Operator II

$57,208 - $80,496/yr.

Utilities System Operators I or Trainee

$44,823 - $63,071/yr. or $42,690 - $60,068/yr.

Apply Online At: http://pompanobeachfl.gov Open until filled.

Water Reclamation Plant Operator III

This is skilled technical work, with supervisory responsibilities, in the inspection and operation of a water reclamation plant. The person in this position fills the role as the shift leader. Work involves responsibility for the safe and efficient operation of a water reclamation facility, routine adjustments to equipment and machinery operating controls, and inspection of equipment inside and outside the plant site. An employee in this class exercises considerable independent judgment in adjusting machinery, equipment, and related control apparatus in accordance with established procedures and standards to produce a high-quality reclaimed water product. Due to the critical responsibilities of this classification, an employee in this class must be able to report to work outside of normally scheduled work hours to respond to emergency conditions and/or address urgent needs, at the discretion of management.

Minimum Qualifications. Applicants must:

Possess a valid high school diploma or GED equivalency. Possess and maintain a valid Driver License. Possess and maintain a State of Florida Wastewater Operator “B” License. Have at least three years of experience in the operation of a wastewater treatment plant with demonstrable leadership skills. Possess some lead supervisory experience. Be able to perform shift work. Be able to understand and follow oral and written instructions. Be able to communicate clearly and concisely orally and in writing. Acknowledge this position is designated as Emergency Critical (EC) and if hired into the position, you must be immediately available to the department before, during, and after a declared emergency and/or disaster.

Salary Range: $32.10 - $42.74 Hourly, depending on your qualifications.

Apply at www.stpete.org/jobs

Kerry Kates, P.E., LEED AP, deputy director at Orange County Utilities, has been elected as president of the WateReuse Association’s Florida Section. WateReuse represents a coalition of utilities that recycle water, businesses that support the development of recycled water projects, and consumers of recycled water. The state section will address local issues, advocate for key legislation, and organize conferences and workshops.

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NEWS BEAT

Jacobs was selected by the City of Boynton Beach in south Florida to evaluate and design upgrades at two water treatment plants to remove per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the city’s groundwater supplies to comply with new U.S. federal drinking water regulations.

At a combined treatment capacity of 30 million gallons per day, the two plants provide drinking water to more than 112,000 people. In addition to addressing new PFAS regulations, the facility upgrades will replace aging infrastructure and meet the community’s growing demand for water.

“Considering potential federal compliance deadlines, we’re working with the City of Boynton Beach to help deliver an effective, long-term PFAS treatment and disposal solution,” said Katus Watson, Jacobs senior vice president. “We’ve supported the city with water system challenges for more than 40 years and look forward to planning and designing this next important project for the community.”

Jacobs will evaluate the city’s existing facilities to assess treatment capabilities for PFAS removal and develop a comprehensive facilities plan for the city’s treatment plants, associated source water supply, and residuals management systems. Once the facilities plan is complete, Jacobs will design the improvements and provide construction management services. The city received a loan from the Florida’s Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program for project planning and design.

“We look forward to working with our long-time partner Jacobs on this once-in-a-generation project, which will define the city’s water supply system for decades to come,” said Poonam Kalkat, City of Boynton Beach utilities director.

R

Brevard County Commissioners has agreed to ask Space Florida to pay for $130 million in upgrades to a Merritt Island water treatment plant to help handle increased demand from the commercial space industry.

Space Florida is pursuing a significant expansion of wastewater treatment capacity at the Merritt Island Sykes Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, requesting that the county increase the plant’s capacity to handle an additional 300,000 gallons per day by 2027.

When county officials voiced concerns over how the improvements would be paid for last year, Space Florida wrote a letter implying that state funding for other projects in the county could be in jeopardy if a deal was not struck.

Commissioner Katie Delaney, whose district includes the Kennedy Space Center, felt as though county taxpayers are being pressured to take on the cost of footing the bill for the private space industry. “I’m very concerned about who is going to be paying for this. This should not be on the backs of the people of Merritt Island,” she said.

Space Florida President Rob Long indicated a desire to work with the county to help fund expansion at the Merritt Island plant in order to prepare for the expected increase in usage over the coming years.

“We understand that expanding the treatment plant could be beneficial to accommodating growth in the near term. We would like

to pursue options to support such expansion,” Long wrote in a letter to commissioners this month.

At a recent commission meeting, Dale Ketcham, vice president of external relations with Space Florida, said the price tag was something his organization could work with.

“It’s exactly what we wanted,” Ketcham said. “We have the resources. Tallahassee and Washington are both very eager to see this happen because this is a national imperative to continue to grow the Cape. The fact that the federal government has not kept up to accommodate the commercial growth is everybody’s problem. I don’t think anybody expected it to blossom the way it has.”

Commissioner Thad Altman questioned Ketcham on the possibility of NASA headquarters moving from Washington, D.C., to Brevard County, an idea floated by Gov. Ron DeSantis this past month. Altman raised concerns that if such a move were to occur that the Cape’s infrastructure needs could increase further.

“We could accommodate that,” Ketcham said. “We can adjust for that. We are pursuing that. These are all issues that can be managed.”

Ketcham and Space Florida have repeatedly said it was a priority of both federal and state governments to move forward on a deal, which he asserted had economic and national security benefits related to increasing launches from Brevard County.

Once Space Florida accepts the proposal, a final deal that could include further contingencies will come again before the county commissioners for public discussion and a vote later this year. S

Kerry Kates

Januar y 2016 Januar y 2016

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Continued from page 18

1. D) all of the above. The three types of pressure-driven membranes in use for municipal water treatment are ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and microfiltration.

2. A) 1920s. Potential membranes that may be used for water treatment were first patented in the 1920s.

3. C) Keystone Resorts in Colorado. The first membrane filtration plant installed in 1987 used for drinking water production in the United States was located at Keystone Resorts in Colorado.

4. D) 200 mgd. By the year 2000, the total installed capacity of membrane plants was approximately 200 mgd.

5. A) all of the above. Examples of a nonpressure-driven membrane process are dialysis, electrodialysis, and pervaporation.

6. D) all of the above. The separation efficiency of reverse osmosis is dependent on influent solute concentration, pressure, and water flux rate.

7. A) 99.9999 percent. Removal efficiency of targeted impurities of membrane filtration is 99.9999 percent.

8. D) nonporous. The pore size of membranes utilized for the reverse osmosis system is nonporous.

9. B) 73-1200 psi. The typical transmembrane pressure for a reverse osmosis system is 73-1200 psi.

10. B)

The

of