2. Considerations/uses
BRICK-‐ Advantages -‐ can be joined with water-‐based mortar - Wetness can escape à will not deteriorate Disadvantages – expand over time à expansion joints required - Absorbs salts/lime from soil -‐> pathologies, aesthetic issues, efflorescence CONCRETE BLOCKS + CLAY BRICKS Uses -‐ walls (structural) - Dividing, decorative walls (non load bearing) Considerations: - Two hands to manage - Hollowness reduces weight - Increase insulation ability METALS - Water damage - Oxidation/corrosion = rusting à avoid prolonged exposure, sealants, chemical treatments RUBBER Natural uses: seals, gaskets, and insulation Synthetic uses: silicone, control joints, gaskets Considerations: - Weather related damage: lose properties eg) sunlight - Protection: avoid, minimize sunlight GLASS Flat, shaped, float Uses: windows, skylights, cabinets Consideration: - Double-‐glazing - Direction of windows à heat transfer - durability
CONCRETE 1 part cement, 2 parts aggregate , 4 parts course aggregate, h2o à Portland, lime à sand à crushed rock Curing: process of drying, hydration and chemical reaction (sacrificial framework) Formwork: to support/ mold for concrete, built insitu, temporarily braced Finishes: broad batten, part of formwork, racked, secreted, smooth, exposed aggregate. Reinforcements: week in tension à steel added eg) mesh or bars = Strong in compression and tension Permeable: Oxidation: occurs if bars are exposed = degradation Poor vibration: compromise structural performance
WOOD à TIMBER
TERMS
Week 1 Load paths à most direct route of force to the ground. Achieved through equal and opposite reaction. Masonry à building structures made from individual units that are bound together. Eg) mortar Compression à application of balanced inward forces to different points on a material. (Collins English Dictionary.2009) Reaction force à the opposite amount of force that reacts to an applied force. Point load à temporary part of the structure concentrated on one point. (Newton, 2014) Beam à sturdy, long metal or wood used as foundational support in a building. (Google, 2014) EXTRA TERMS Flutterà rapid oscillation of membrane structure. (Ching, 2008, pp. 2.09) Tall and slender building subject to it. Base shear à minimal design value Equilibrium à achieving a balance through external restoring moment or internal resisting moment. (Ching, 2008, pp. 2.08) Week 2 Structural joint à how building structures bind together. Stability à resistance to change, deterioration and displacement (Wifflin, 2009) Tension à pulling force exerted by a solid object Frame à rigid structure surrounding something Bracing à serving as a brace to a structure as a kind of support system Column à upright pillar supporting an arch or other structure. Or standing alone as a monument. Week 3 Moment: the standard a building must be able to withstand from a force
Retaining wall: structural wall, holding back earth/water. Temporary: during excavations, permanently: sub-‐structure. Pad footing: isolated, helps spread load over wider area Strip footing: load from pile/column distributed in linear matter. Slab on ground: foundation laid directly on ground without basement. Substructure: underlying support structure of building. Extra terms Equilibrium: Key words: balance, equal reactions, and resistance, supporting elements. Underpinning: process of re-‐building/ strengthening foundations of an existing building to extension. Eg) oval pavilion Week 4 Joist: horizontal support, spanning between two supports (Ching, 2008) eg) girder Steel decking: structural system. Constructed using open web joist framing. (Ching, 2008) Girder: skeleton frame. (Ching, 2008) Main support for joists. Acting in center/left/right or framework. Span: 1 way/ 2 ways. Substructure support frame. Can be different lengths than beams. Width/height In between two members. Concrete plank: precast with formwork/ cast insitu. Steel mesh or beam support Spacing: repeating distance between similar elements. (Ching, 2008) centre to centre. Week 5 Stud: vertical member used as support framing within a wall system. Connecting to top plates and bottom plates. Strong in compression when supported by bracings. Axial load: vertical load imposed onto a structure. Noggins: timber or metal horizontal panels, that span between vertical lengths. Provide support to maintain vertical position. Lintel: horizontal load bearing support that sits across the top of door frame.
Buckling: the motion occurred on a beam when magnitude of force implied is greater than effective length and with stand of material Seasoned timber: timber moisture dried to a content that is stable. Week 6 Rafter: beam forming part of roof system Purlin: horizontal length across roof, resting on other elements and supporting beams Cantilever: beam/ girder extending out past the building and only connected at one end. Portal frame: rigid structure connect by three beams, two vertical and top beam. Eave: part that meets with and over hangs over the wall. Alloy: composite material made up of tow or more metals to from a monolithic element. Soffit: underside of an element. Eg) arch balconcy Top chord: top angles of the truss system Extra terms: Truss: fabricated steel bolted or welded at structural angles and tees to form triangulated framework. (Ching, 2008) Grid: framework of spaced bars that are parallel to or cross each other. (Ching, 2008) Monolithic: Formed from a single block of concrete Week 7: Drip: detail to prevent penetration of water in crevices. Vapor barrier: damp proofing material Gutter: collected, distributes and removes water from building Parapet: height differential between to roof systems Down pipe: remove water from roof – to drain-‐ to ground Flashing: strip of metal used to stop water penetrating in two material junctions Insulation: material used to prevent transfer of heat or moisture
Sealant: materials to make a junction of material water resistant/ waterproof Week 8: Window sash: fixed or removable framework of a window in which panes of glass are set. (Ching, 2008) Deflection: perpendicular distance of a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loads. Moment of inertia: sum of the products of each elements of an area and the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation. How the cross section of the member is distributed. Door furniture: fixtures of a door. Includes: door leaf, handle, lock, latch, rough opening, head, jam, architrave, sill threshold, door swing and stop. Stress: action caused upon materials eg) concrete columns, that are under compressive or tensile forces, that the material cannot withstand. Shear force: perpendicular force acting along a material causing horizontal sliding. (Mifflin, 2002) Week 9: Sandwich panel: composite material made up of hard external covering and softer middle Bending: to shape a material at on angles Skirting: protective material of plasterboard, found at the bottom of walls Composite beam: made up of two materials, one for reinforcements e) reinforced concrete beam Shadow line joint: leaving of light shadow between panel and extrusion. (Ching, 2008) Cornice: ornamental sheeting around the top of the ceiling, aesthetic appeal Week 10: Shear wall: wall lined with bracing to resist lateral forces against seismic activity Soft story: room above house, non-‐load bearing. Braced frame: frame that is diagonally braced by either timber or steel Lifecycle: LCA, from conception to disposal, and the consideration of waste, use, recyclability, cradle –cradle approach
Defect: imperfection Fascia: type of aesthetic covering =, that encompasses service details such as box guttering. Provide a clean-‐cut finish. Corrosion: when metal over periods of time oxidations and rusts IEQ: Indoor environmental quality
Reference List Ching, F. (2008) Building construction illustrated. (4). (chap.2),(pp.2.02-‐2.03) United states: John Wiley &sons ,Inc. Ching, F. (2008) Building construction illustrated. (4). (chap.2 ),(pp.2.08-‐2.11) United states: John Wiley &sons ,Inc. Collins English Dictionary. (2009). Co mpression. Urban Dictionary. March 21, 2014. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/compression?s=t European Panel Foundation. (2014) The carbon cycle of timber and wood based products. [photo illustrated]. http://www.timber.net.au/index.php/environmental-‐ design-‐carbon-‐footprint.html Google. (2014). Beam. Define: Beam. March 21, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=define:+beam&ie=UTF-‐ 8&oe=UTF-‐8&gws_rd=cr&ei=MvYqU4b0McWNkwXZ1IGQCQ Grose. M.[The University of Melbourne]. (2014, March,6). Melbourne’s Bluestone “Walking The Constructed City”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGMA71_3H6o&feature=youtu.be Linden, J.E. (2012) 15 Mojave River ranger Station -‐ Sustainable diagram. [architectural diagram]. http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-‐ showcase/2012/10/25/mojave-‐rivers-‐ranger-‐station-‐in-‐acton-‐california-‐by-‐marcy-‐ wong-‐donn-‐logan-‐architects/15-‐mojave-‐rivers-‐ranger-‐station-‐sustainable-‐diagram-‐ section/ Mifflin, H. (2002). shear force. (he American Heritage® Science Dictionary) Retrieved 05 17, 2014, from Dictionary.com: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/shear force Newton, C. (2014) Structural systems. [illustrated image]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-‐-‐JtPpI8uw&feature=youtu.be Newton, C. [ ENVS10003]. (2014, March, 5). W01 m1 Introduction to materials. (YouTube). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4CJ8o_lJbg&feature=youtu.be Newton, C. [ENVS10003].(2014, March, 9). W02 s2 Structural joints. [YouTube]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRdY0jSoJo&feature=youtu.be Wiffilin.H. (2009). Stability. The Free Dictionary. March 21, 2014. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stability