American Hunger

AMERICAN

HUNGER

AMERICAN HUNGER designed and edited by

GABRIELLE LAMARR LEMEE

“

Despite the bounty of our agricultural production in the United States, one of our most complex and serious health problems is hunger.

Eliminating hunger is a moral issue driven by compassion for others as well as a practical issue involving the long-term future of millions of our Nation’s children.”

CAROL BROWNER, EPA and DAN GLICKMAN, USDA in “Waste Not, Want Not”

IN 2012, 17.2 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS DID NOT KNOW WHERE THEIR NEXT MEAL WOULD COME FROM. THIS IS THE HIGHEST NUMBER EVER RECORDED IN THE UNITED STATES. (approximately one in seven)

CONTENTS five fifteen thirty five forty five

food insecurity characteristics of the food insecure food aid resources ways to help

3

ONE

food insecurity

BEING FOOD SECURE MEANS HAVING ACCESS AT ALL TIMES TO ENOUGH FOOD FOR AN ACTIVE HEALTHY LIFE HUNGER IN AMERICA, 2010

5

THESE ARE 6 QUESTIONS USED TO GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT FOOD INSECURITY. The responses in yellow from food pantry, kitchen, and shelter clients are based on having access to emergency food.

“The food (I/we) had just didn’t last, and (I/we) didn’t have money to get more” In the last 12 months was this... often true sometimes true never true “(I/we) couldn’t afford to eat balanced meals.”

In the last 12 months was this... often true sometimes true never true

0

20

40

60

In the last 12 months, did (you/you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn’t enough money for food? almost every month some months, but not every month only one or two months never In the last 12 months, did you ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn’t enough money to buy food? yes no In the last 12 months, were you ever hungry but didn’t eat because you couldn’t afford enough food? yes no

0

20

40

60

food insecurity |

7

Hunger & Poverty In the United States, hunger is not caused by a scarcity of food. There is more than enough food, we have the infrastructure to deliver it, and supermarket stores are fully stocked. However, this does not matter at all if customers don’t have to ability to pay for it.

Across the globe, where there is poverty, hunger

is quick to follow. Poverty in the United States has been measured for many years, but measuring hunger is a much more recent development. Once annual food insecurity data was collected beginning in 1995, it was obvious that the highs and lows in food insecurity mimic those highs and lows in poverty.

For many Americans, the labor market is no

longer a reliable way to build a secure career and provide support for their families. On the bottom rungs of the ladder, where people who once had middle-income careers now reside, the real value of wages when adjusted for inflation has been declining

THE FEDERAL POVERTY LINE

household size

alaska

hawaii

$903/mo

$1,128

$1,038

$1,214

$1,518

$1,397

$1,526

$1,908

$1,755

the federal poverty line and it is explained

$1,838

$2,298

$2,113

clients who visit the Feeding America

$2,149

$2,688

$2,472

monthly income was $990. The rest of this

poverty guidelines to provide an indication of the levels of monthly income below which households of various sizes would be considered impoverished. This is called in the chart to the left. In a survey of all emergency food sources, the average breakdown can be found on the next page.

for years. One out of every four jobs does not provide enough to lift a family of four out of poverty.

The government periodically establishes

48 states

AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME AMONG THE FOOD INSECURE: $990

“

This is the first food pantry I’ve ever come to. I lost my job about a year ago. I’ve been able to find occasional work, but I’ve been basically unemployed ever since.

I found out what hunger is. It was humbling. I lost weight. And I really learned how to stretch a dollar. I’m recently divorced, so it’s just been me trying to get by.

My brother helps here and there with a small loan, but it’s not easy for him either.

I had food stamps for six months, but I lost that because I had too much income from unemployment. This food pantry is saving my life. I come here once a week to pick up what I need. They helped me file my taxes too.

The good news is I’ve been hired! If I’m still eligible for tax assistance I’ll come back next year, but soon I’ll able to afford my groceries again. I’m picking up a donation envelope on my way out today. I’m really looking forward to that first paycheck.”

LINDA, Reaching Out food pantry in Brooklyn % FPL

% of clients

0% (NONE)

10%

1%–50%

27.2%

51%–75%

23.2%

76%–100%

18.4%

101%–130%

10.4%

131%–150%

4.5%

151%–185%

3.1%

UNKNOWN

10.5%

food insecurity |

9

Main Source of Household Income The federal government tries to compensate low-wage workers through programs such as the Earned Income Tax Credit. Without this and other forms of assistance, many more working families would be struggling to put food on the table and pay for housing, utilities, health care, child care, transportation to and from work, and more. Many families are forced to survive by living under a mounting pile of debt. As is shown in the charts to the right, the main source of income for the food insecure comes from government sources including, Social Security, unemployment compensation, disability worker’s compensation, and Supplemental Security Income.

government welfare assistance

temporary assistance for needy families: 1.4% general assistance: 2.0% nongovernment nonjob sources: 5.6% government welfare assistance: 3.5% other: 4.2% other government sources: 44.3% no income: 10.9%

other government sources

social security: 21.4% unemployment compensation: 4.4% Disability (SSDI)/Workers’ Compensation: 9.6% supplemental security income: 8.9% unknown: 17.0%

nongovernment, nonjob sources

job: 31.5%

pension: 2.4% child support: 1.2% churches: 0.2% alimony: 0.1% relatives: 1.8%

food insecurity | 11

Food vs. Nececssities The U.S. has the highest wage inequality of any

“

industrialized nation and people can work full time at a minimum wage job and still not make enough to cover the basic costs of living. Families in this situation often have to choose between food and other basic necessities such as rent, health care or utility bills.

The working poor are experiencing food insecurity at greater numbers since monitoring began in 1995.

I’ve been out of steady work for three years now. I think a lot of the office work has disappeared, or there’s just so few people doing so many people’s jobs now. You don’t get those $15–20 an hour jobs anymore. Everything’s like $7.40, and there’s not a lot of full-time. I just don’t know how you can pay rent on less than $1,000 a month and feed yourself at the same time.

Back in April, I went to the [GrowNYC, Union Square] greenmarket manager to see about work. As we were talking, he asked me if I was on food stamps. Someone from the Food Bank was there, and helped me apply. I did end up getting a job here but I still qualify for food stamps since I make just $800 a month.

If it weren’t for the Food Bank, I would probably be eating whatever’s really, really cheap — rice and beans or bread. I try to use my food stamps mostly at the greenmarket, because I do believe in supporting farmers.

Plus, this way I’m able to keep my nutrition up, which is so important. I’m 45, so obviously there are health issues that are coming up.

The Food Bank is fantastic. When I was losing my apartment a while back, I can’t tell you how reassuring it was just to be able to go to the Food Bank’s website and see, if I did get locked out before I got home, where I could find a meal. Thank you.”

SUSAN, food stamp recipient at the Union Square greenmarket

These charts show the percentages of Feeding America clients who had to choose between buying food and buying each of these necessities.

medicine/care

34.1%

rent/morgage

39.5%

utilities/heating

46.1%

transportation

34.9%

gas for a car

35.6%

“I DON’T LIKE TO WASTE FOOD, SO SOMETIMES I’LL FIND MYSELF EATING WHAT THE KIDS LEFT OVER ON THEIR PLATES … WHEN THINGS ARE LOW YOU DON’T THINK ABOUT SITTING DOWN AND HAVING THAT COMPLETE MEAL …” ELIZA

food insecurity | 13

TWO

characteristics of the food insecure

“WHEN I MISS BREAKFAST, I’M HUNGRY ALL DAY. I FEEL GRUMPY LIKE THE GROUCH IN THE TRASH CAN ON SESAME STREET.” ELIZABETH, 9 YEARS OLD

15

ON AVERAGE, 59% OF REQUESTS FOR EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE CAME FROM FAMILIES.

The Family Structure In most cities, the majority of persons requesting food assistance were in families. On average, 59% of all requests for emergency food assistance came from families. In Gastonia, NC, 94% of food requests came from families, and in Dallas that amount was 90%.

On average, 15% of requests for food assistance

came from the elderly, although this varied a great deal from city to city. There is a wide range of variation in employment status. In Salt Lake City, only 5% of requests for assistance came from persons who were employed, while in Charleston, 75% of persons who requested food assistance were employed.

30.6% one person 5.2%

six or more members

25.7%

38.5% two to three members

four to six members

characteristics of the food insecure | 17

8.8%

0-5 years

13.4%

18-29 years

14.8% 8.0%

65+ years

MORE THAN ONE OUT OF FOUR CHILDREN LIVES IN A HOUSEHOLD WITH FOOD INSECURITY.

50-64 years

30.8%

24.1%

6-17 years

30-49 years

characteristics of the food insecure

| 19

24.1%

never been married

29.1% married

“

Fortunately I had a mother and father who took care of us. They weren’t rich, but they made do and we never had to be on welfare. Plus, I have a college education and served in the U.S. Army, in a medical unit. So I really didn’t want to go through having to rely on public assistance.

I have friends who need regular assistance.

Fortunately that didn’t happen to me and my family, but I admit, there was one time I did need it.

And I felt that I was blessed to be able to find help.

8.3%

separated

6.8%

living as married

20.2% divorced

11.4% widowed

I’m not on public assistance any more, thank god, but it’s still a struggle. I work for a health care agency, but it’s not enough. And I’m getting too old to work. I go grocery shopping about once a month. I buy the essentials I need for nutrients. What I need to survive.

After talking to a neighbor two years ago, she brought me here to the soup kitchen. I’ve always come to the tax assistance program here, but I never thought about coming for food. Now I come twice a week. I couldn’t get by without this.”

BETTY, Manhattan food pantry guest

35.5% less than high school

38.4% completed high school or equivalent degree

34.3% OF THE ADULT CLIENTS WHO PICK UP FOOD AT A PANTRY HAVE NOT COMPLETED HIGH SCHOOL. THE COMPARABLE PERCENTAGE FOR THE ENTIRE U.S. ADULT POPULATION IS 14.3%

3.9% completed business/ trade/technical school

16.1% some college/two year degree

6.2% completed college or higher

characteristics of the food insecure

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PERCENT OF STATE POPULATION THAT EXPERIENCED FOOD INSECURITY BETWEEN 2005 AND 2007.

8%.................19%

60.8% OF THE FOOD INSECURE ARE FEMALE.

non-citizen 12.2%

The Location of Food Insecurity Food insecurity is more common in large cities than in rural areas and in suburbs and other outlying areas. Food insecurity is also much more prevalent in southern states. Among Feeding America clients who cut the size of meals or skipped meals, 28.7% lived in the center of cities, 28.3% lived in suburbs, and 23.9% lived in non metropolitan areas.

Rates of food insecurity among rural households

is generally lower than urban households, but slightly higher than the national average. 14.7% of rural households are food insecure, an estimated 3 million households. The irony is that many of these food-insecure households are in the very rural and farm communities whose productivity feeds the world and provides low-cost wholesome food for

American consumers. Challenges facing rural areas differ from urban areas in several significant ways: employment is more concentrated in low-wage industries, unemployment and underemployment are greater, education levels are lower, work support services (flexible and affordable child care and public transportation) are less available, and the rural marketplace offers less access to communication and transportation networks.

The hidden nature of hunger and poverty makes

u.s. citizen 87.8%

us less aware of its prevalence in the suburbs, but hunger does exist in the suburbs and it is growing.

In 2010, the prevalence of household food insecurity in suburban areas was 12.6%. Surburban poverty appears to have distinct regional patterns. Fourteen of

other 5.6%

the fifteen suburbs with the highest poverty rates in 2000 were located in the southern or western regions

of the country.

hispanic 20.5%

white 40.3%

black 33.6%

characteristics of the food insecure

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90% OF THE FOOD INSECURE HAVE A PLACE TO LIVE For 39% its a house. For 10.6% it’s a mobile home or trailer. 34.7% report living in an apartment. For 3.4%, home is just a room. 0.8% report living in a motel or hotel and 1.4% live with friends.

Of the 10% that doesn’t have a place to live, 7%

use a shelter or mission, 2.3% are on the streets, 0.7% live in a car, van or recreational vehicle, and 0.1% live in an abandoned building.

66.6% rent

24% own

2.5% other

6.9% free

10% don’t

characteristics of the food insecure | 25

“EVERY PENNY I MAKE GOES TOWARDS MEDICAL BILLS FOR MY DAUGHTER. IT BREAKS MY HEART, BECAUSE SOMETIMES SHE WILL ASK FOR BOWL OF CEREAL AND I CAN’T AFFORD IT.” AMANDA WAGNER

“

I don’t work because I can’t. I’ve been battling kidney cancer for years and I’ll be honest, it doesn’t look good. I try to just get by and live each day to its fullest.

My kids help me out. They look out for me and keep me motivated.

I have four children — two girls and two boys. It’s tough being a father. Kids need things and have to be provided for, and it’s hard when sometimes you don’t have any money. With the economy and my sickness, it’s tough to keep up.

The Community Kitchen is a real help. Lots of times your pride can get in the way of getting something to eat. People say, ‘I don’t want to stand in line to get food.’ But when the stomach is hungry, you got to eat. My first time I was like, ‘This is what it’s like, this is what you have to do.’ Now I really enjoy it. It’s truly a blessing.

I often eat here and go to the food pantry at the same time. The way it’s set up, it feels like shopping at a supermarket. That makes you feel really good. They keep you in good spirits around here. It’s a place of hospitality and friendship.”

DARRYL, Manhattan soup kitchen guest Community Kitchen & Food Pantry in West Harlem.

HOUSEHOLDS WITH AT LEAST ONE MEMBER REPORTED TO BE IN POOR HEALTH:

32% characteristics of the food insecure | 27

66.5% of the food insecure shop at supermarkets or grocery stores

24.4% of the food insecure shop at discount stores (ex. walmart)

2.2%

1.9%

1.5%

1.4%

other

dollar stores

only eat free food

ethnic food stores (ex. bodegas)

0.8%

0.6%

0.5%

0.2%

warehouse clubs (ex. costco)

convenience stores (ex. 7-11)

don’t know because someone else in family shops

farmer’s market

characteristics of the food insecure | 29

THREE

food aid resources

THE ISSUE OF DOMESTIC HUNGER AND FEDERAL FOOD PROGRAMS CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM ISSUES SUCH AS NUTRITION EDUCATION, FAMILY FARMS, RURAL POVERTY, AND LOCAL & REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS.

31

The History

assistance programs remained relatively small and

In 1969, President Nixon announced the “war on

The roots of current U.S. hunger policies were

served prinically as vehicles for the distribution of

hunger” and called a White House Conference on Food,

established during the Great Depression of the 1930s,

surplus agricultural commodities.

Nutrition, and Health to advise on national policies to

when widespread unemployment, soup kitchens, and

After WWII, and until the early 1960s, hunger

eliminate hunger and malnutrition caused by poverty.

breadlines coexisted with the wholesale destruction

and poverty received relatively little public attention.

of surplus food. These contradictions stimulated

Soon after taking office in 1961, President Kennedy

and vouchers increasingly replaced commodities in

Congress to distribute surplus agricultural products as

outlined a program to expand food distribution and to

federal food programs as part of an evolving strategy

food relief—a policy designed to support agricultural

establish eight pilot food stamp programs in selected

to increase the purchasing power of the poor. This

producers while helping the poor. The USDA and a

counties. Food stamps became available nationally

strategy included expansion of the food stamp

newly created, independent Federal Emergency Relief

after 1964 and the School Breakfast Program was

program, creation of the Special Supplemental Food

Administration began to distribute surplus foods in

initiated in 1966.

Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and

1930. Congress authorized a more formal oversight

other child food assistance programs, and development

of farm prices and production in 1933, and a feed

issues, however, was the release of Hunger, U.S.A., a

of nutrition programs for the elderly. From 1969 to

distribution program in 1935.

1968 report from the Field Foundation that revealed

1977, annual federal expenditures for food assistance

widespread findings of gross malnutrition and hunger

increased from $1.2 to $8.3 billion and by 1979,

of the poor, Congress authorized the USDA to initiate

among America’s poor. In response, the Foundation

donated farm products accounted for less than 10%

an experimental Food Stamp Program. This program,

sent a team of physicians, senators, and other

of the total federal expenditures on food programs.

which lasted from 1939 to 1943, permitted vouchers

concerned citizens to invesitgate the problem. The

By 1977, the positive effects of these efforts were

to be exchanged for commodities and other foods. In

report of this team described malnutrition and poverty

evident. In a repeat visit, the Field Foundation’s

1936, the first school lunch program permitted the

in more than 250 “hunger counties” throughout 23

team found fewer cases of overt malnutrition than

donation of surplus commodities to state-supported

states and called for an immediate expansion of federal

had been seen a decade earlier. The team concluded

educational institutions. With the onset of World War

efforts to improve food assistance to the poor. The

that although some hunger remained evident, its

II, the number of desitiute families declined and a

Senate appointed a Select Committee on Nutrition and

manifestations had become more subtle and, therefore,

concurrent decline in food surpluses led the National

Human Needs, chaired by George McGovern, to lead

more difficult to identify.

School Lunch Act of 1946 to provide a considerable

the nation’s anti-hunger efforts. From 1968 until 1977,

portion of its aid as cash. During this era, food

this committee initiated legislation that expanded

In an attempt to increase the purchasing power

The event that focused public concern on these

food assistance for families, children, and the elderly.

In the decade that followed, cash subsidies

a food stamp timeline

1939

1943

As the Depression leaves millions of people struggling for food, the first food stamp program begins in Rochester, and will eventually reach four million people across the country. Participants buy orange stamps, good for any food item, then receive half the purchase amount in blue stamps, which they can exchange for certain surplus commodities. Later versions of the program, until 1977, retain the requirement that poor people buy stamps.

At its peak, the program reaches four million Americans and exists in every state except West Virginia.

an experiment

the program ends

1961

1964

1968

On the day after his inauguration, President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order creating another experimental food stamp program. The move comes after 18 years of study and debate and fulfills a campaign pledge made by Mr. Kennedy. In May, the first participants, Mr. and Mrs. Alderson Muncy of Paynesville, W.Va., use the stamps to buy a can of pork and beans for their 15-member household.

In launching the War on Poverty, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs a law creating a national food stamp program with the federal government financing the benefits and states sharing the administrative costs.

A CBS News special report, “Hunger in America,� presents wrenching scenes of hunger among whites in Virginia, blacks in Alabama, Navajos in Arizona, and Latinos in Texas. The report prompts Senators George McGovern, a liberal Democrat and Bob Dole, a conservative Republican, to form a special committee on hunger, which pushes for more generous nutrition programs.

a new beginning

a national program

media spotlight

food aid resources | 33

1976

1977

1981

1994

1996

2001

Seasons of bipartisan support alternate with periods of conservative attack, with critics calling the program expensive and abused. In an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1976, former Gov. Ronald Regan of California complains to a crowd in For Lauderdale, Fla., about a “strapping young buck” who used food stamps to buy T-bone steak, while others stood in line to buy hamburger meat.

President Jimmy Carter signs a law eliminating the requirement that poor people buy food stamps.

Ronald Reagan wins significant cuts in food stamp benefits in his efforts to cut back federal spending. Over the next eight years, the rolls, which had been rising rapidly, fall by nearly 20 percent.

After the early 1990s recession and slow recovery, the food stamp rolls rise nearly 50 percent, peaking at more than 27 million people.

President Bill Clinton, having promised to “end welfare as we know it,” signs a law putting time limits and work requirements on cash aid. Over his objections, Congressional Republicans define food stamps as “welfare,” as well. They make deep food stamp cuts and eliminate eligibility for most legal immigrants.

The rolls fall nearly 40 percent from their mid-‘90s peak, and nearly half those eligible do not receive aid, as states in the late 1990s push millions of people from the cash welfare rolls and many are discouraged form food stamp use.

conservative attack

democratic push

significant cuts

a steady rise

defined as ‘welfare’

significant drop

2002

2004

2008

2009

President George W. Bush shows unexpected support for the program by signing a law making significant expansions. The law, championed by the program’s top official, Eric Bost, restores the eligibility of many immigrants, raises benefits, and gives bonuses to states that enroll the greatest share of eligible people.

The Bush administration announces that all states have shifted from paper coupons to electronic benefit cards. By easing stigma and concerns about fraud, the cards increase enrollment and political support.

President Bush signs a law to call the program the Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program, or “SNAP.�

As the economic crisis drives unemployment into double-digits, the number of people enrolling in the food stamp program reaches record heights. The program grows 40 percent from 2007, to 38 million people in 2009, while cash welfare barely expands.

unexpected support

a new format

an upbeat new name

1 in 8 americans

food aid resources | 35

Federal Food Programs The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal agency responsible for developing and executing U.S. federal government policy on farming, agriculture and food. It aims to end hunger in the United States and abroad, and administers many programs — such as SNAP, TEFAP, WIC and school meals programs — to help reach that end.

The government provides a safety net in the

form of federal food programs. The Food Stamp Program, now known as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), provides low-income households with a debit card that can be used for groceries and served over 33.7 million households monthly in 2009. From the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to the Senior Farmers Market Nutrition

Program, the various federal food programs are essential to the health of millions of Americans.

NSLP

$11.3

31.8

billion total cost

million children every day

SNAP

$75.7

44.7

national school lunch program

billion total cost

million participants

$462.60 per student per year

$133.85

average benefit per person per month

supplemental nutrition assistance program

WIC

$7.17

billion total cost

women, infants and children

8.96

million participants

$46.67

average benefit per person per month

SNAP is the first line of defense against hunger.

programs. TEFAP entitlement and bonus commodities

recall policies of the 1930s and the New Deal. These

It enables low-income families to buy nutritious

and grants for administrative and storage costs are

strategies focus on provision of full employment that

food with Electronic Benefits Transfer cards. SNAP

provided by the federal government to the states,

guarantees to low income individuals and families an

recipients spend their benefits to buy eligible food

which administer the program through food banks

income that can raise them out of poverty. They also call

in authorized retail food stores. It is the cornerstone

and other hunger-relief organizations. TEFAP is a

for an increase in the minimum wage, wage supplements,

of the federal food assistance programs and provides

key source of food for the Food Bank, which last year

and, for low income working families, income tax credits

crucial support to needy households and to those

distributed more than 74 million pounds of food,

adjusted for the number of children.

making the transition from welfare to work. Yet, one

including more than 14 million pounds of

in three people elgible for SNAP goes unserved. State

fresh produce.

understanding of hunger as a chronic societal proplem

programs may have different names. SNAP, formerly

that no longer can be addressed in isolation from

known as the Federal Food Stamp Program, provides

challenges. The main challenge is the near-constant

other correlates of poverty such as underemployment,

monthly benefits to eligible low-income families and

threat of government cuts. Also, not everyone who is

inadequate housing, or poor education. Hunger studies

individuals for the purchase of nutritious food.

eligible for federal food assistance currently receives

provide overwhelming evidence to support such an

it, and for those who do receive assistance, it is not

understanding. The time has come for anti-hunger

The National School Lunch Program provides

Unfortunately, federal food programs face many

Serious consideration of these strategies requires

cash and commodities to public and private elementary always sufficient. Additionally, there are hungry people

advocates to assume the additional burden of anti-

and secondary schools as a form of reimbursement for

poverty advocacy and to demand that the federal

who for a variety of reasons, ranging from immigration

lunches. Students living at or below 130% of the federal status to income level, do not currently qualify for

government reclaim responsibility for the food and

poverty line receive free lunch, while those students

welfare of its citizens.

federal food programs. Each of these challenges points

living between 130 and 185% of the federal poverty line to the need for a strengthened government safety are eligible for reduced-price meals.

net to prevent hunger and food insecurity. Further

evidence can be seen in a rising dependence on the

The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP)

distributes surplus commodity food to low-income

emergency feeding system of food banks, food pantries

families and individuals through emergency food

and soup kitchens in the U.S.

The inadequacies of current welfare and food

assistance policies underscore the need for alternative solutions to the problem of hunger. Liberals and conservatives alike are now suggesting strategies that

food aid resources | 37

hunger & children A critical component to a healthy life is nutrition. From reveals, in comparison to food secure children, children

The National Child Nutrition Programs

birth, the intake of vital nutrients is essential to the

from food insecure families are 90 percent more

The programs included in the legislation governing

growth and development of a healthy individual. Good

likely to be in fair or poor health and have 30 percent

child nutrition are the National School Lunch Program;

nutrition, particularly in the first three years of life,

higher rates of hospilizations. Not only does the lack

the School Breakfast Program; summer, after-school,

is important in establishing and maintaining a good

of sufficient nutrition take a tool on a child’s health

and childcare feeding programs; and WIC. More

foundation that has implications on a child’s future

but has economic consequences for families as well.

than 19 million children—or more than 62 percent

physical and mental health, academic achievement, and The average cost for a single hospilization for pediatric

of lunch participants—receive free or reduced-price

economic productivity. Unfortunately, food insecurity

illness is $11,300.

school lunches. Yet only 9 million students receive

is an obstacle that threatens that critical foundation.

free or reduced-price school breakfasts. Most (about

cognitive and behavioral development of children.

82 percent) of those who participate in the School

children lives in a household with food insecurity,

Child development is the manner in which children

Breakfast Program are low-income children. Summer

which means they do not always know where they will

attain skills in memory, cognition, language, motor

programs are by far the weakest link in the safety

find their next meal. According to the United States

ability, social interaction, bahavior and perception.

net for school-age children, since just one in nine

Department of Agriculture, 16.2 million children under

Research done in 1995 found that children from

students who receive lunch assistance during the

18 in the United States live in this condition—unable

food insecure low income households were more

school year are able to take advantage of the Summer

In the United States, more than one out of six

The lack of adequate nutrition affects the

to consistently access nutritious and adequate amounts likely to experience irritability, fatigue, and difficulty

Food Service Program.

of food necessary for a healthy life. In 2009, the top

concentrating compared to other children. Research

five states with the highest rate of food insecure

has shown that food insecurity was associated with

By November 2009, more than 38 million Americans,

In the past year, participation in SNAP has surged.

children under 18 are the District of Columbia, Oregon, grade repetition, absenteeism, tardiness, anxiety,

about half of them children, were receiving SNAP

Arizona, Arkansas, and Texas. 20% or more of the child aggression, poor mathematics scores, psychosocial

benefits to help put food on the table. Children who

population in 40 states and D.C. lived in food insecure

dysfunction and difficulty with social interaction

receive SNAP are also eligible for free school lunch and

households in 2009.

among 6 to 12 year old children. Food insecrity

breakfast. Federal law now requires states to enroll

has also shown to be associated with suicide and

them automatically—a process known as “direct

for illness and weakens their immune system. The

depressive disorders among 15 to 16 year old children

certification.” When states implement this effectively,

immature immune systems of young children, ages

after controlling for income and other factors. Food

it is accurate and reduces the paperwork burden on

0-5, make them especially vulnerable to nutritional

insecurity not only has an impact on children’s mental

schools and families. Most importantly, of course, it

deprivation and as a result, the ability to learn, grow,

health but also on their mothers as well. Research

means that more eligible children are actually receiving

Insufficient nutrition puts children at risk

and fight infections is adversely affected. Consequently, done in 2004 found an association with maternal

free meals at school.

without the proper nutritional intake children are

depression and food insecurity in addition to reported

at risk for poor health and hospilizations. Research

poor child health.

Department of Agriculture found that states vary

But an October 2009 study by the U.S.

“NEW PEOPLE COMING TO FOOD CUBOARDS ARE PEOPLE THAT ARE EMPLOYED WITH CHILDREN. WITH FOOD PRICES INCREASING AS MUCH AS 30% AND INCOMES EITHER STAYING THE SAME OR DECREASING, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR THEM TO FEED THEIR FAMILIES.”

food aid resources | 39

widely in the effectiveness of their direct certification

Providing additional meals

requests to visit the school nurse. In addition to the

efforts. As a result, many children still aren’t being

A significant gap remains between the number of

“grab and go” meals, some schools offer “second-

automatically enrolled and are missing out on the

children who receive free or reduced-price school lunch

chance breakfast,” which allows middle and high school

school meals they qualify for. Many states could reduce

and those who receive school breakfast and summer

students to get food after their first period class.

the number of missed children by making simple

food. Currently, more than 10 million children who

improvements to their direct certification systems. For

receive meal assistance at lunch are not receiving

meal assistance during the school year has proven

example, because many children join SNAP throughout

school breakfasts. One reason is that nearly one

challenging. There are far too few sites to do the job

the school year (more than 500,000 in 2007–2008),

in seven schools that offers lunch does not have a

that schools do during the school year. When sites do

Zoe Neuberger, a child nutrition expert at the Center

breakfast program. Another barrier is that school bus

exist, transportation can be a problem—school buses

on Budget and Policy Priorities, recommends that

schedules sometimes deliver children to school too late

do not operate for summer food sites. As a result, only

states also automatically enroll children in school meal

for them to eat breakfast before class starts.

about 11 percent of the children who eat free school

programs throughout the school year.

lunches receive lunch during the summer, leaving a gap

with strategies to make sure all students can eat

of more than 17 million kids.

Advocates for Children and Families, there are

breakfast. Cristina Sepe, a Bill Emerson Hunger Fellow

an estimated 2 million children nationwide who

from 2008–2009, worked with Maryland Hunger

Congress recently simplified the program to make

participate in Medicaid but not SNAP. “Even

Solutions to promote such alternatives in Maryland’s

it easier to manage, and the U.S. Department of

though these children are living in poverty and are

public schools. Sepe reported that at first, school

Agriculture has increased outreach to potential

nutritionally needy, they are not receiving the free

administrators were not enthusiastic about the idea of

sponsors. Advocates also play an important role in

school meals Congress intended,” Huddleston told the

offering “grab and go” breakfasts for students to eat in

recruiting program sponsors. In November 2009, the

Senate Agriculture Committee in November 2009.

the classroom. They were concerned about potential

Texas Hunger Coalition brought together federal, state,

According to Rich Huddleston of Arkansas

Schools around the country are experimenting

Providing summer meals to children who receive

To increase the number of summer food sites,

Thus, allowing or requiring states to automatically disruption to classes and excessive amounts of trash. enroll children who participate in Medicaid in school But schools who tried the approach considered it a

and local agencies to campaign for effective summer

meal programs would boost the participation of

success. At Calverton Elementary School in Baltimore,

in Waco, TX, advocates agreed to coordinate efforts by

eligible children. Senators Sherrod Brown (D-OH),

MD, participation in school breakfast increased from

churches, youth organizations, and school districts to

Bob Casey (D-PA), and Michael Bennet (D-CO), along

10 percent to 90 percent in just two months. “Teachers

provide free meals to the 2.5 million Texas children

with Representatives David Loebsack (D-IA) and Jo

said it was a change they were reluctant to take on at

who receive them during the school year.

Ann Emerson (R-MO), have introduced the Hunger

food programs for children. At their hunger summit

first,” said Sepe. “But once it happened, they wouldn’t

Free Schools Act to address this issue. The legislation

want to change it back.”

food sites, the program is limited in its ability to serve

requires schools to automatically enroll children in

students during the summer because attendance is not

free school meals programs if their families receive

serving breakfast during the first 15 minutes of class.

required and transportation is not provided. Another

Medicaid or health insurance through their states.

They report fewer complaints of stomachaches and

option is to build on existing programs—for example,

In nearby Washington, DC, some schools began

Yet even if we increase the number of summer

increasing families’ SNAP benefits in the summer to help pay for the extra meals children are eating at home, or providing a summer WIC-style food voucher for schoolchildren.

Part of a Larger Effort Childhood hunger is rooted in poverty. Low-wage

summer lunches 11%

free or reduced price lunches 62%

workers struggle to make ends meet and feed their children. Without the opportunity to create a financial cushion or accumulate other assets, low-income families remain vulnerable. Even minor emergencies such as the car breaking down or a child’s illness can consume the monthly grocery budget very quickly.

A long-term solution to childhood hunger certainly requires strong nutrition programs, but they are not enough. We need to also seek solutions that will put more money in the pockets of low-income workers.

“The only meals that [Kimberly] was guaranteed were served at school. Anytime we had leftovers, she would always want to take them home…to her little brothers and sisters.

She was a second-grader trying to make sure that her family got fed.”

ONLY ABOUT 11 PERCENT OF THE CHILDREN WHO EAT FREE SCHOOL LUNCHES RECEIVE LUNCH DURING THE SUMMER, LEAVING A GAP OF MORE THAN 17 MILLION KIDS.

KATE, teacher in San Antonio, TX “I see kids asking for “I don’t know if most extra food at the end Americans realize of the day before they that there are kids go home…because relying on school for they don’t know every meal.” if they are having LAURA, teacher in dinner or not.”

Milwaukee, WI

TORI, teacher in St. Louis, MO

food aid resources | 41

Soup Kitchens & Food Pantries

Food banks are a major source of food, providing 75.5%

In the decades that followed the Great Depression,

of the food the pantries distribute, 49.6% of the food

soup kitchens and food pantries addressed the

the kitchens serve and 41.1% of the food the shelters

immediate food needs of those who had fallen upon

serve. Sources of food also come from the Commodity

unexpected hardship. In the 1980s, an economic

Supplemental Food Program, The Emergency Food

recession and sweeping cuts in both federal and state

Assistance Program (TEFAP), Churches or religious

spending pushed millions of Americans into poverty.

congregations, local merchant or farmer donations,

The number of soup kitchens and food pantries

local food drives, and food purchased by the agency.

skyrocketed, and many providers found that instead of helping people pull through emergency situations, they were replacing government-sponsored programs for those living in poverty. The emergency feeding system was becoming permanent and there was less impetus to address poverty as the underlying source of

TEFAP

$532 777 million

million pounds distributed

the emergency food assistance program

both hunger and food insecurity. Today, the demand for emergency services continues to rise faster than the soup kitchens and food pantries can keep pace, and the prevailing system of emergency food is no longer adequate or sustainable.

SOURCES OF SUPPLIERS FOR EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE

purchased food

16%

individual donors

9%

federal emergency food assistance

15%

15

thousand

Peak Months & Low Months September and November were the most frequently cited peak months for emergency assistance. Despite a perception that requests for assistance are highest in the winter months, none of the cities reported peak usage in December, January, or February. On average, cities served 29% more people during their busiest month than during their slowest month.

10

thousand

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

J

2010 2011

donations from grocery chains and food suppliers

5O%

other

11%

food aid resources | 43

Phoenix, where demand increased 35% and supply decreased 13%, and in Philadelphia, where demand increased 23% while supply decreased 26%.

louisville phoenix

kansas city

boston

charleston

charlotte

cleveland

santa monica philadelphia

CHANGE IN THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF FOOD ASSISTANCE FROM 2007 TO 2008 demand supply The gap between supply and demand was largest in

chicago

nashville

dallas gastonia

trenton

des moins

los angeles

salt lake city

kingston

portland

-10%

seattle

0%

san francisco

10%

SOME AGENCIES REPORT THAT THEY ARE SEEING FAMILIES REQUESTING ASSISTANCE WHO WERE FORMERLY DONORS TO THE PANTRY. philadelphia phoenix

food aid resources | 45

ON AVERAGE, KITCHEN PROGRAMS NEEDED AN ADDITIONAL 137 MEALS PER WEEK

“

The Challenges

The increased cost of food and fuel has made if difficult for food banks to expand or even to maintain their normal supply of food. Meanwhile, the economic downturn and rising unemployment have increased the demand for food assistance while decreasing the number of donations from individual donors.

Over the last year, the price of food increased

6.2 percent, the largest increase in nearly 20 years.

Transporting food from large suppliers to those in need also became more expensive because of a significant increase in the cost of gasoline. In Phoenix, where the cost of fuel and trucking expenses has increased by as much as 72 percent, the total amount of food distributed decreased by 13 percent even though the level of funding increased by 30 percent.

pantries

kitchens

shelters

percent facing problems

66.6%

67.3%

73%

funding

48.3%

55.5%

67%

food supplies

42.1%

32.3%

17.9%

volunteers

14.8%

15.8%

8.7%

paid staff or personel

7.1%

15.8%

21.4%

community resistance

2.1%

4.5%

6.6%

About five years ago I lost some of my vision because of glaucoma. I have a hard time getting around, so I’m not able to come to the food pantry as often as I’d like. It’s pretty close to where I live though, so it’s not too hard. The people here make it easy for me too. They bring me right inside when they see me, so I don’t have to wait in line.

I wouldn’t be able to stay as healthy without the Community Kitchen. I have a special diet because of high blood pressure and my groceries can get really expensive. Here you get such a great variety of things — and I eat it all!

I plan on shopping here for the holidays. When I think of the holidays I think of food and family.

Being warm and cozy and happy and having enough to eat. This food helps me have a good holiday.

I come to the pantry only when I need it. I don’t want to take advantage of their generosity because there are people who truly need the pantry more than I do. My food stamps don’t come till the middle of the month, and I’ve learned to balance things out, but sometimes I need the help to make it through.

I would like to thank the people who provide us with these services. I hope it continues to be here to help all the people who need it.”

DEBORAH, food pantry guest

food aid resources | 47

FOUR

ways to help

IF MERELY 5% OF FOOD DISCARDS WERE RECOVERED, 4 MILLION ADDITIONAL AMERICANS COULD BE FED EACH DAY.

49

EACH YEAR ABOUT 27% OF AMERICA’S FOOD GETS THROWN OUT, WITH MORE THAN 300 POUNDS OF FOOD PER PERSON ENDING UP IN THE WASTE STREAM. FOOD IS THE LARGEST SINGLE COMPONENT GROUP IN THE COUNTRY’S SOLID WASTE STREAM. MOREOVER, FOOD IS CURRENTLY THE TYPE OF MATERIAL LEAST LIKELY TO BE RECOVERED.

Food accounts for over 21.3 million tons of municipal solid waste. Of that amount, only 2.4% is recovered.

Unserved and/or unsold food can go toward feeding

food 21,380

hungry children, seniors, and families instead of being

yard trimmings 17,200

thrown away in landfills. More and more companies are

miscellaneous durables 11,270

partnering with food programs, shelters, and human

corrugated boxes 9,680

service agencies to put this wholesome food where it

furniture and furnishings 7,320

belongs—in the mouths of needy people. State and municipal source reduction and recycling program managers are increasingly incorporating food recovery programs into their overall waste reduction strategies.

Food recovery programs can offer numerous benefits to

TOP DISCARDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN THOUSANDS OF TONS

wood packing 5,990 other commercial printing 5,750 newspapers 5,640 clothing and footwear 4,640

businesses and communities. They can save businesses

paper folding cartons 4,410

money otherwise spent on trash collection and disposal

other nonpackaging paper 4,070

fees; provide wholesome food to needy families in

third class mail 3,840

the community; help communities and businesses

glass beer & soft drink bottles 3,530

meet state and local waste reduction goals; create an improved public image for businesses; help sustain local industries and jobs.

paper and paperboard 40.8 metals 39.6 yard trimmings 38.6 PERCENT RECOVERED OR RECYCLED

glass 25.7 textiles 12.3 rubber and leather 9.5 plastics 5.6 wood 4.5

food 2.4

ways to help | 51

Ways to Recover Food

There are basically four different kinds of food recovery, Typical food bank donors include large manufacturers,

There are several types of food recovery programs

each of which is aided by a national organization. While supermarket chains, wholesalers, farmers, food there is an increasing amount of overlap between

brokers, and organized community food drives.

million Americans depend on these nonprofit food

efforts in the four areas, they can generally be broken

Perishable and prepared foods are typically collected

that there are tens of thousands of private programs

of the efforts listed but are not affiliated with any

distribution to hungry people in their communities.

national organization. Check with your local program

in the appendix on page 58.

products affected by labeling regulations or

providing food to the needy. Currently, more than 21

distribution organizations for a significant part of their down as follows below. In addition, there are numerous local groups that successfully engage in all or some nutritional needs. In the United States it is estimated helping to feed the hungry. Virtually all of these programs use some form of recovered food to some degree. While their strategies and emphases may differ, they all operate under the knowledge that from fields

hotels, and other food establishments for prompt Donated food includes leftovers from events,

manufacturing glitches, expired coupons or code dates, field gleaning

The collection of crops from farmers’ fields that have already been mechanically harvested or where it is not economically or logistically feasible to field harvest. It of edible food, and much of this food can be collected can also include the collection of already harvested food and redirected to feed the hungry. Each program is at packing sheds. A leading national field gleaner is the distinct in terms of its size, organization, management, Society of St. Andrew.

to markets to tables, the nation wastes an abundance

and clientele. Some programs are run by a handful of dedicated volunteers in a barely serviceable facility.

from restaurants, caterers, corporate dining rooms,

wholesale produce salvage

Other programs are larger organizations with paid staff The collection of fresh fruits and vegetables at local or regional wholesale producemarkets. A leading national and state-of-the-art facilities. group providing assistance to such efforts is the Society of St. Andrew. perishable and prepared food rescue

The collection of prepared food (from food service entities such as restaurants, cafeterias, hospitals, airlines, caterers, and special events). A leading national group promoting such efforts is Foodchain, The National FoodRescue Network.

test-market products, and food drive collections.

Donating surplus food inventory to food banks

can be safe, efficient, and cost-effective. It reduces warehouse storage and disposal costs, and your local food bank can pick up donations free of charge.

Donations are protected by the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act passed in 1996 by President Bill Clinton.

This act promotes food recovery and gleaning

by limiting the liability of donors to instances of gross negligence or intentional misconduct. The Act further states that, apart from absent gross negligence or intentional misconduct, volunteers, nonprofit organizations, and businesses shall not be subject to civil or criminal liability arising from the nature, age, packaging, or condition of apparently wholesome food or apparently fit grocery products received

non-perishable donations, collection, and recovery These efforts focus mostly on the collection of processed foods with relatively long shelf lives. Second Harvest, the national food bank network, is the leading national group aiding such efforts.

as donations.

PERCENT OF TRASH THAT IS FOOD WASTE

45.1%

food stores

43.9%

restaurants

29.6%

wholesale trade nondurable goods

24.2%

education services

23.0%

manufacturing food & kindrid products

15.3%

hotels/ lodging

11.4%

public administration

7.0%

medical health services

ways to help | 53

case studies & stories Produce Recycling Program, San Francisco

A local dairy and heifer farmer collects any non-

From June 1996 through May 1997, the San Francisco

edible produce, which he uses as feed or sells to

Produce Recycling Program (SFPRP) composted and donated 1,130 tons of food. Thirty-nine business participate in the SFPRP, which is a collaborative effort among agencies and companies in and around San Francisco. The program is sponsored by the San Francisco Food Bank as an addition to its many efforts focused on collecting non-perishable canned and boxed

other farmers as feed. Since August 1996, non-edible produce collected by the Food Bank has been composted at a nearby composting facility.

Benefits of the program are manifold. Food service

agencies save money through reduced food purchases

The San Francisco Food Bank collects an average

of 60 tons of produce a month from 25 wholesalers at the San Francisco Produce Terminal and from other city wholesalers. The Food Bank then distributes over 37 tons a month of edible produce to member service

agencies who provide the food to hungry people in the Bay Area. This effort was facilitated by a $97,000 grant from the City and County of San Francisco which provided the Food Bank with a refrigerated truck for produce collection and a partial year’s salary for a fulltime driver.

SAN FRANCISCO COMMERCIAL FOOD AND ORGANICS DIVERSION RESULTS diversion results

1000 tons/year

food redistribution

3,000

food bank program

2,000

Also, produce businesses save money through lower

edible produce

500

trash collection costs as well as through tax deductions

animal feed

200

food runners

600

sunset scavenger

6,400

Cooks Company cut its trash bill by approximately

golden gate disposal & recycling

4,000

45% within four months of joining the program. In the

animal feed markets

14,000

rendering

10,000

total commercial organics recovered

37,400

for produce and the produce also boosts the nutritional value of meals served. In addition, farmers save money

food. The SRPRP program recovers both edible and non- on feed costs. The Richmond Composting Facility edible produce discards from the San Francisco Produce produces higher quality compost through this program.

Terminal and from area supermarkets.

PERCENT OF COMMERCIAL ORGANICS RECOVERED

for their donations to the Food Bank.

The experience of two Produce Terminal vendors—

Cooks Company and DeMatti Brothers—illustrates this program’s cost-effectiveness to participating vendors.

fall of 1997, the company received trash pick-up once a week. Previously, trash had been picked up at least twice a week. DeMatti Brothers reduced the size of its trash container by half and reduced the number of trash pick-ups from four a month to two a month, reducing its trash bill by 10–15%.

33%

From the Wholesaler to the Hungry

Second Harvest

Second Harvest food banks provide assistance in all

In 1987, Mickey Weiss, a retired produce wholesaler,

In 1965, a businessman named John Van Hengel

50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico,

was visiting his son at the Los Angeles Wholesale

volunteered to feed homeless people at St. Mary’s

and serve nearly every U.S. county. Each affiliate food

Market. He watched as a forklift hoisted 200 flats of

mission in Phoenix, Arizona. Through his volunteer

bank is local community supported and volunteer-

ripe, red raspberries that had not sold that day, and

work, Van Hengel soon found ways to recover more

based; in 1997, nearly one million volunteers provided

crushed them into a dumpster.

food that the mission could use or store, so he shared

assistance. The Second Harvest network provided food

the surplus with other local charities which fed the

to approximately 26 million low-income Americans in

of donated office space at the market, he enlisted

poor and the needy. In 1967, Van Hengel founded St.

1997, including 21 million soup kitchens, food pantries,

student volunteers to call community kitchens, while

Mary’s Food Bank, a central source for food donations

and other emergency feeding sites. In 1997, the Second

he persuaded friends in the produce business to “put

and distribution to local charities feeding the hungry.

Harvest network distributed 860 million pounds of

good food to good use.” To make his dream a reality,

In 1979, Second Harvest, the national network of food

donated food and grocery products, with a marked

he formed a team that included the Los Angeles

banks, was founded by Van Hengel.

value of well over $1 billion.

Weiss’ retirement didn’t last long. Working out

Wholesale Produce Market and the Los Angeles County

Today, Second Harvest is the Nation’s largest

Department of Agriculture. Today, Micky Weiss’

domestic hunger relief charity. The Second Harvest

Charitable Distribution Facility distributes more than

network is comprised of 188 affiliate food bank

2 million pounds of produce a month to emergency

members providing more than 1 billion pounds of

feeding programs throughout Southern California.

food and grocery products to 45,000 local charitable

In 1991, Susan Evans and Peter Clarke joined

agencies. Food donations to Second Harvest come

forces with Weiss. Wanting to replicate his concept

form more than 500 national donors, and from

nationwide, they designed a systematic consultation

farmers, local food drives, and the federal government.

Coca-Cola sends leftover food from its cafeteria and banquets to Atlanta’s Table, a local

Stonyfield Farm Yogurt donates leftover yogurt to local hog farms.

branch of Foodchain.

process to help cities begin their own fresh produce operations. The project, From the Wholesaler to the Hungry, continues to help cities establish programs to channel large donations of fresh fruits and vegetables to community agencies. Adding fresh fruits and vegetables to the diets of low-income Americans inproves their nutrition and health, and helps prevent disease.

ways to help | 55

Waste Reduction for Businesses A restaurant chain donates food to local food rescue organizations that are part of a national network that handles prepared and perishable food... A food processing company donates extra packaged products to a national network of food banks or to a local food bank. A state Office of Waste Reduction helps divert more than 21,000 tons of excess food from state landfills by assisting four local food recovery programs through a food waste reduction grant program...

Whether you call it feeding the hungry or food recovery, such efforts are all part of a growing national movement that is working daily to ensure good food goes to the dinner table instead of going to waste.

Many businesses and corporations have already

joined the fight against hunger. Corporations such as the Associates Food Dealers of Michigan, American Express, Boston Market, Kentucky Fried Chicaken, Kraft Foods Inc., Mariott International Northwest Airlines, and Pizza Hut have formed coalitions with community-based food recovery programs to help their neighbors in need.

Food waste is a waste of both food and money,

however not all food is appropriate for human consumption. Livestock farmers use some excess as animal feed. Renderers and other businesses recycle many forms of excess food into other products. Food scraps can be composted to create a valuable fertilizer.

Businesses can have a huge impact in the reduction of food waste through a few steps outlined to the right.

“MORE THAN ONE QUARTER OF AMERICA’S FOOD, OR ABOUT 96 BILLION POUNDS OF FOOD A YEAR, GOES TO WASTE.”

STEPS FOR STARTING A FOOD RECOVERY PROGRAM

one

two

three

four

five

six

Take a quick look at the food you are throwing away and identify potential food recovery opportunities to decrease the amount you generate.

Track and collect data on the types and amounts of each food waste item you are generating. Determine if some of your food waste can be reduced by ordering or producing less, how much could be sent to food banks or shelters, and how much could be recycled through animal feeding, rendering, or composting.

Are there any trends in the types and amounts of food waste you produce? If so, consider changing your business operation to buy only what you use.

There are costs related to collecting, transporting, and composting food scraps. Talk to neighboring organizations about also instituting food waste collection at their facilities to create a cost-effective route for your hauler.

You also might be able to generate revenue by selling compost created from your food waste.

The quality of your surplus food and your estimated generation rate will help you consider how to divert your food waste. To learn about waste disposal options and find haulers in your area, visit your state or county environmental department’s web site. You can also ask your current recycling or waste hauler about hauling your food waste to a recovery facility.

Talk to national waste organizations, haulers, town planners, recycling coordinators, and even the mayor or town manager to get support and assistance for your food recovery program. Employee training is also vital to the success of a food waste recovery program. You might want to consider an incentive program for employee participation.

assess your food waste

food waste audit

source reduction

plan for costs

choose a recovery option

feed people

industrial uses/rendering

feed animals

composting

You can donate unsold or excess food products that meet quality and safety standards to food banks. Many national and local food recovery programs offer free pickups and containers. The Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act (Public Law 104-210) protects food donators from legal liability. The text for this act is available through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s website.

Determine if local farmers or zoos use food scraps as animal feed. There are laws and regulations protecting animals from contracting diseases through consumption of food scraps. Contact your county agricultural extension office, your state veterinarian, or your county health department to find out about specific state regulations and contact information for licensed farmers. You also might find companies that convert food scraps into animal food products.

start the program

Fat, oil, and grease can be rendered into a raw material to make biodiesel, soaps and cosmetics. Anaerobic digestion of food scraps and waste oils produces biogas that can generate heat and electricity, fiber that can be used as a nutrient-rich soil conditioner, and liquor that can be used for fertilizer.

Food scraps can be composted. Ask the composting facility you plan to use for a list of acceptable materials and hauling options. Another option is to compost on site. Before beginning such an operation, be sure you have adequate space, staff, end users, and support and cooperation from business or residential neighbors.

Contact your local or state environmental agency to find out more about composting options in your area and more information on special issues that apply.

ways to help | 57

Food Recovery Organizations One way to find information about food recovery activities across the Nation is to call USDA’s 1-800-GLEAN-IT toll-free hotline, which is managed

by World Hunger Year. It is an easy-to-reach source of information on food recovery and how to volunteer or donate food.

Perhaps the best way to get involved is to contact

an organization nearest you already working on food recovery related issues. Listed to the right is a state-bystate directory of such organizations, in alphabetical order by location of each organization’s office and marked by affiliation codes.

CES: Cooperative Extension Service CES helps diverse agencies and community-based groups work together to establish local hunger programs, promote food safety and proper nutrition, and administer food recovery programs.

FC: Foodchain Foodchain is a national network of prepared and perishable food rescue programs. It includes 140 member programs in 40 States and the District of Columbia. The organization provides technical assistance and marketing support, and matches donors to member programs.

FSA: The USDA Farm Service Agency Each state office of the Farm Service Agency has appointed one staff member to coordinate field gleaning activities state-wide and to help food recovery groups connect with farmers, ranchers, and orchard owners.

SH: Second Harvest The largest charitable hunger relief organization in the country, it oversees the distribution of surplus food and grocery products through 188 network affiliate food banks and nearly 50,000 charitable agencies.These food pantries, soup kitchens, and homeless shelters serve nearly 26 million people each year.

SOSA: Society of St. Andrew

The Nation’s leading field gleaning organization rescues over 20 million pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables.

The produce is taken as a charitable donation at growers packing and grading sheds or gleaned directly from farmers’ fields. Produce is delivered to food banks, soup kitchens, and food pantries free of charge through the national Potato Project program and local Gleaning Networks.

Organizations listed without affiliation codes are independent.

ALABAMA Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Auburn University, AL 36849 334.844.2224 p East Alabama Food Bank (SH) 144 Tichener Avenue Auburn, AL 36830 205.821.9006 p 205.745.5606 f

The United Way Community Food Bank (SH) 2524 2nd Street, West Birmingham, AL 35207 205.252.7343 p 205.251.6098 f Magic City Harvest (FC) P.O. Box 11292 Birmingham, AL 35202 205.591.3663 p

Wiregrass Area United Way Food Bank (SH) 382 Twitchell Road Dothan, AL 36303 205.794.9775 p 205.794.4776 f Food Bank of North Alabama (SH) 2000 Vernon Street #B Huntsville, AL 35805 205.539.2256 p 205.539.1437 f Bay Area Food Bank (SH) 551 C. Western Drive Mobile, AL 36607 334.471.1608 p 334.471.1626 f Montgomery Area Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 521 Trade Center Street Montgomery, AL 36108 334.263.3784 p 334.262.6854 f USDA—Alabama State Office (FSA) P. O. Box 235013 Montgomery, AL 36106 334.279.3500 p 334.279.3550 f

Selma Area Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 2513 497 Oak Street Selma, AL 36702 205.872.4111 p West Alabama Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 030442 Tuscaloosa, AL 35403 205.759.5519 p 1890 Extension Programs (CES) Tuskegee University Tuskegee, AL 36088 205.727.8808 p

ALASKA Food Bank of Alaska (SH) 2121 Spar Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 907.272.3663 p 907.277.7368 f

Fairbanks Community Food Bank (SH) 517 Gaffney Road Fairbanks, AK 99701 907.452.7761 p 907.456.2377 f

Southeast Alaska Food Bank (SH) 5597 Aisek Street Juneau, AK 99801 907.780.4359 p 907.780.4098 f

ARIZONA United Food Bank (SH) (WH) 358 E. Javelina Mesa, AZ 85210 602.926.4897 p 602.926.7025 f Borderlands Food Bank (WH) 1186 N. Hohokam Drive Nogales, AZ 85621 520.28.2627 p Association of Arizona Food Banks (WH) 234 N. Central, Suite 125 Phoenix, AZ 85004 602.252.9088 p St. Vincent De Paul Food Bank (WH) 420 West Watkins Street Phoenix, AZ 85003 602.261.6851 p St. Mary’s Food Bank (WH) (FC) 2841 North 31st Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85009 602.352.3640 p St. Mary’s Food Bank (FC) 2841 North 31st Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85002 602.352.3640 p 602.352.3659 f

Nome Community Center, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 98 Nome, AK 99762 907.443.5259 p 907.443.2990 f

Desert Mission Food Bank 9229 North 4th Street Phoenix, AZ 85020 602.997.1747 p 602.331.5744 f

USDA—Alaska State Office (FSA) 800 West Evergreen, Suite 216 Palmer, AK 99645 907.745.7982 p 907.745.7984 f

USDA–Arizona State Office (FSA) 77 East Thomas Road, Suite 240 Phoenix, AZ 85012 602.640.5200 ext. 226 602.640.2652 p

Kenai Peninsula Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 1267 Soldotna, AK 99669 907.262.3111 p 907.262.6428 f

Yavapai Food Bank 8400 East Spouse Drive Prescott Valley, AZ 86314 520.775.5255 p 520.775.5429 f Waste Not, Inc (FC) 7375 E. Second Street Scottsdale, AZ 85251 602.941.1841 p

Westside Food Bank (SH) (WH) 13050 W. Elm Sun City, AZ 85372 602.242.3663 p 602.583.9245 f Community Food Bank (WH) (SH) (FC) 3003 S. Country Club Tuscon, AZ 85726 520.622.0525 p 520.624.6349 f SE Arizona Food Bank Assn. (SH) (WH) 401 East Maley Willcox, AZ 85643 520.384.4433 p 520.384.5378 f Yuma Community Food Bank (SH) (WH) 495 E. 10th Street Yuma, AZ 85364 520.343.1243 p 520.782.7924 f

ARKANSAS SW Arkansas Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 585 Arka Delphia, AR 71923 501.246.8244 p Northwest Arkansas Food Bank (SH) 1420 N., 32nd Ft. Smith, AR 72914 501.785.0582 p 501.785.3218 f Table to Table (FC) P.O. Box 3266 Ft. Smith, AR 72913 501.452.0008 p 501.478.6559 f Food Bank of Northeast Arkansas (SH) 3406 S. Culberhouse Jonesboro, AR 72403 501.932.3663 p 501.933.6639 f Arkansas Rice Depot 8400 Asher Avenue Little Rock, AR 501.565.8855 p 501.565.8941 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of Arkansas Little Rock, AR 72203 501.671.2111 p Second Harvest Food Bank of Arkansas (SH) 8121 Distribution Drive Little Rock, AR 72209 501.565.8121 p 501.565.0180 f Potluck, Inc. (FC) 1499 Gregory Street N. Little Rock, AR 722144 501.371.0303 p 501.375.5009 f USDA–Arkansas State Office (FSA) Federal Building 700 W. Capitol Avenue Room 5416 Little Rock, AR 72201 501.301.3017 p 501.301.3086 f Food Bank of North Central Arkansas P.O. Box 128 Norfolk, AR 72658 501.499.7565 p Ozark Food Bank (SH) 1901 Townwest Dr. Rogers, AR 72756 501.631.8774 p Bradley County Helping Hand (SH) P.O. Box 312 Warren, AR 71671 501.226.5512 p

CALIFORNIA Golden Empire Gleaners (SH) 2030 Fourteenth Street Bakersfield, CA 93301 805.324.2767 p 805.324.2779 f Kern County Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 134 Bakersfield, CA 93302 805.634.1075 p 805.325.0175 f

ways to help | 59

Daily Bread (FCA) 2447 Prince Street Berkeley, CA 94705 510.848.3522 p

Community Food Bank 140 Fulton Fresno, CA 93721 209.237.3663 p 209.237.2527 f

FIND, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 41 Cathedral City, CA 92235 619.328.3663 p 619.328.3994 f

Mendocino Food & Nutrition Program (SH) P.O. Box 70 910 N. Franklin Street Ft. Bragg, CA 95437 707.964.9404 p

Butte County Gleaners, Inc. (SH) 1436 Unit E. Nord Avenue Chico, CA 95926 916.899.3758 p 916.899.0307 f Food Runners and Recyclers (FC) 379 E. 5th Avenue Chico, CA 503.345.0820 p South Central Food Distributor (SH) 600 North Alameda Compton, CA 90221 310.635.7938 p Contra Costa Food Bank (SH) (FC) 5121 Port Chicago Hwy. P.O. Box 271966 Concord, CA 94527 925.676.7543 p 925.671.7933 f Rural Human Services, Inc. (SH) 811 G. Street Cresant City, CA 95437 707.464.7441

USDA–California State Office (FSA) 430 G Street, #4161 Davis, CA 95616 530.792.5531 p 530.792.5555 f Food For People (SH) 315 V Street Eureka, CA 95501 707.445.3166 p Clear Lake Gleaners (SH) P.O. Box 266 1896 Big Valley Rd. Finley, CA 95435 707.263.8082 p

Senior Gleaners (SH) 3185 Longview Drive North Highlands, CA 95660 916.971.1530 p 916.482.3450 f The Food Bank of Southern California (WH) 1444 San Francisco Avenue Long Beach, CA 90813 310.435.3577 p 310.437.6168 f Charitable Distribution Facility (WH) 1601 E. Olympic Blvd., Bay 100 Los Angeles, CA 90021 213.622.0902

Los Angeles Regional Food Bank (SH) (FC) 1734 E. 41st Street Los Angeles, CA 90058 213.234.3030 p 213.234.0943 f San Joaquin County Food Bank (SH) 704 E. Industrial Park Drive Manteca, CA 95337 209.833.3663 p 209.239.2086 f Golden Harvest (SH) P.O. Box 2085 Merced, CA 95344 209.723.3641

Salvation Army Modesto Central 625 I Street Modesto, CA 95354 209.522.3209 p 209.522.2033 f Napa Food Bank (SH) 1755 Industrial Way, #24 Napa, CA 94558 707.253.6128 p

Marin Community Food Bank 75 Digital Drive Novato, CA 94949 415.883.1302 p 415.883.1302 f

Shasta Senior Nutrition Program (SH) 1205 Court Street Redding, CA 96001 916.246.9580 p 916.244.0525 f

Oakland Potluck (FC) Preservation Park 678 13th Street Oakland, CA 94612 510.272.0414 p 510.272.0145 f

Second Harvest Food Bank Serving Riverside and San Bernadino Counties (SH) 2950B Jefferson Street Riverside, CA 92504 909.359.4757 p 909.359.8314 f

Alameda Co. Comm. Food Bank (SH) 10901 Russet Street Oakland, CA 94603 510.568.3663 p 510.568.3895 f St. Vincent De Paul Society (SH) 9235 San Leandro Street Oakland, CA 94603 510.568.3663 p 510.568.3895 f Harvest Bag Oceano (SH) P.O. Box 628 Oceano, CA 93445 805.489.4223 p Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County Food Distribution Center (SH)(FC) 426A W. Almond Street Orange, CA 92626 714.771.1343 p 714.771.7813 f Food Share R.P.M.’s Inc. Food Share, Inc. (FC) (SH) 4156 N. Southbank Rd. Oxnard, CA 93030 805.983.7100 p 805.485.4156 f Emergency Food and Clothing (SH) 444 E. Washington Pasadena, CA 91104 818.797.6072 p Food Bank Coalition of San Luis Obispo (SH) P.O. Box 2070 Paso Robles, CA 93447 805.238.4664

Comm. Resources Council, Inc. (SH) 133 Church Street Roseville, CA 95678 916.783.0481 p 916.783.4013 f California Emergency Foodlink (FC) (WH) P.O. Box 292700 Sacramento, CA 95829 916.387.9000 p 916.387.7046 f Prepared Food Program Food Bank for Monterey Co. (SH)(FC) 815 W. Market Street, Suite 5 Salinas, CA 93901 408.758.1523 p 408.758.5925 f San Diego Food Bank (SH) 33375 Decatur Road San Diego, CA 92133 619.523.8811 p 619.523.8817 f San Diego Rescue Mission (FC) 1150 J Street San Diego, CA 92138 619.687.3720 p 619.687.3729 f San Francisco Food Bank (SH) (WH) 333 Illinois Street San Francisco, CA 94107 415.957.1076 p 415.957.1896 f Food Runners (FC) 2579 Washington Street San Francisco, CA 94115 415.929.1866 p 415.788.8924 f

Second Harvest Food Bank of Santa Clara/San Mateo Counties (SH) (FC) (WH) 750 Curtner Avenue San Jose, CA 95125 408.266.8866 p 408.266.9042 f Food Bank of Santa Barbara County (SH) 4554 Hollister Avenue Santa Barbara, CA 93110 805.967.5741 p 805.683.4951 f The California Grey Bears (SH) 2710 Chanticleer Avenue Santa Cruz, CA 95062 408.479.1055

Westside Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 1565 Santa Monica, CA 90406 310.314.1150 p 310.314.0030 f The Redwood Empire Food Bank (SH) 1111 Petaluma Hill Road Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707.528.2717 p 707.528.6437 f Amador-Tuolumme Comm Action (SH) 427 N. Highway 49, Suite 302 Sonara, CA 95370 209.533.1397 p 209.533.1034 f St. Helena Food Pantry (FCA) P.O. Box 108 St. Helena, CA 94574 707.963.5183 p FoodLink for Tulare County (SH) 8000 W. Doe Avenue Visalia, CA 93279 209.651.3663 p 209.651.2569 f Second Harv. Santa Cruz, San Ben. (SH) Errington Road Watsonville, CA 95077 408.722.7110 p 408.722.0435 f

The Capital Area Food Bank’s 12 Most Wanted Items

CANNED FRUITS

Yolo County Coalition Against Hunger (SH) 2070 H Eastmain Street Woodland, CA 95695 916.668.0690 p

Cooperative Extension System (CES) University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269 203.486.1783 p

Yuba-Sutter Gleaners Food Bank (SH) 460 A Street Yuba City, CA 95991 916.673.3834 p

COLORADO Food Resource Center (FC) P.O. Box 1497 Avon, CO 81620 303.926.6160

Table Share Community Food Share (SH) (FC) 5547 Central Avenue Boulder, CO 80301 303.443.0623 p 303.449.7004 f Care and Share, Inc. (SH) 4875 N. Park Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80949 719.528.1247 p 719.528.5833 f Denver’s Table Food Bank of the Rockies (SH) (FC) 10975 E. 47th Avenue Denver, CO 80239 303.371.9250 p 303.371.9259 f Food Rescue Express (FC) P.O. Box 2874 Edwards, CA 81632 Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 970.491.5798 p The Prepared Food Program Food Distribution Center (SH) (FC) 1301 Blue Spruce P.O. Box 2221 Fort Collins, CO 80522 970.493.4477 p 970.493.5122 f

Weld Food Bank (SH) 1104 11th Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 907.356.2199 p 970.356.2297 f USDA - Colorado State Office (FSA) 655 Parfet Street, Suite E-305 Lakewood, CO 80215 303.236.2868 Ext. 227 p 303.236.2879 f Table Share Community Food Share (SH) (FC) 6363 Horizon Lane Longmont, CO 80503 303.652.3663 p 303.652.1304 f

CONNECTICUT Fair Share Table (FC) 127 Southgate Road Southport, CT 06490 203.259.65683 p Food Bank of Fairfield County (SH) 71 Timko Street Fairfield, CT 06430 203.368.1691 p Foodshare of Greater Hartford (SH) (FC) (WH) P.O. Box 809 Windsor, CT 06095 860.688.6500 p 860.688.2776 f Connecticut Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 8686 New Haven, CT 06531 203.469.5000 p 203.469.4871 f Table To Table (FC) c/o the Sheraton Stamford Hotel One First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 203.323.3211 p 203.351.1986 f Food Bank of Lower Fairfield 538 Canal Street Stamford, CT 06902 203.358.8898 p 203.358.8306 f

MULTIGRAIN CEREAL

in light syrup or its own juices

USDA Hartford-Tolland County Office (FSA) 627 River Street Windsor, CT 06095 860.688.7725 p 860.688.0083 f Rachel’s Table (FC) 360 Amity Rd. Woodbridge, CT 06525 203.387.2424 Ext. 325 p 203.387.1818 f

DELAWARE USDA Delaware State Office (FSA) 1201 College Park Drive, Suite 101 Dover, DE 19904 302.678.2547 Ext.10 p 302.678.9100 f

cheerios, cornflakes, grapenuts, rasin bran

Capital Area Comm. FB (SH) (WH) 645 Taylor Street, NE Washington, DC 20017 202.526.5344 p 202.529.1767 f

FLORIDA Manatee Food Bank 811 23rd Avenue East Bradenton, FL 34208 941.747.4655 p 941.747.9871 f Tampa Bay Harvest (FC) 13630 49th Street Clearwater, FL 33762 813.538.7777 p 813.535.8485 f Brevard Community Food Bank (SH) 817 Dixon Blvd., Suite 16 Cocoa, FL 32922 407.639.2883

Food Bank of Delaware (SH) FC) 14 Garfield Way Newark, DE 19713 302.292.1305 p 302.292.1309 f

Farm Share 300 North Krome Avenue, Suite 251 Florida, CITY, FL 33034 305.246.3276 p 305.246.3128 f

Teaching Heath for Life (FC) P.O. Box 25024 Wilmington, DE 19806 302.777.7791 p 302.778.4922 f

Treasure Coast Food Bank (SH) 704 B Farmers Market Road Fort Pierce, FL 34982 407.489.5676 p

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of District of Columbia Washington, DC 20017 202.274.6900 p D.C. Central Kitchen (FC) (WH) 425 Second St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001 202.234.0707 p 202.986.1051 f

Harry Chapin Food Bank (SH) 2126 Alicia Street Ft. Myers, FL 33901 813.334.7007 p 813.337.1399 f www.harrychapinfoodbank.org Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 904.392.0404 p Gainesville Harvest (FC) 502 NW 75th Street Box 51 Gainesville, FL 32607 352.378.3663 p 352.378.5300 f

Bread of the Mighty Food Bank, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 5872 Gainesville, FL 32602 904.336.0839 p USDA Florida State Office (FSA) P. O. Box 141030 Gainesville, FL 32614 352.379.4500 p 352.379.4580 f First Coast Food Runners Second Harvest of NE Florida (SH) (FC) 1502 Jessie Street Jacksonville, FL 32206 904.353.3663 p 904.358.4281 f AGAPE Food Bank (SH) 803 Palmetto Lakeland, FL 33801 813.686.7153 p 813.655.7074 f PASCO Food Depot (SH) 3424 Land O Lakes Blvd Land O Lakes, FL 34639 813.949.1421 p Extra Helpings (FC) (SH) (WH) Daily Bread Food Bank 5850 NW 32nd Ave. Miami, FL 33142 305.633.9861 p 305.633.0036 f

Shepherd’ Cupboard (FC) 5320 Palmetto Road New Port Richey, FL 34652 727.849.2762 p 727.845.1860 f First Step Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 4774 Ocala, FL 34478 904.732.5500 p Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida (SH) (FC) 2008 Brengle Ave. Orlando, FL 32808 407.295.1066 p 407.295.5299 f Twelve Baskets from SanibelCaptiva (FCA) 1978 Wild Lime Drive Sanibel, FL 33957 941.472.0673 p

ways to help | 61

CANNED PROTEINS

100% JUICE

tuna, salmon, chicken, peanut butter, beans

All Faiths Food Bank (SH) 717 Cattleman Road Sarasota, FL 34232 St. Petersburg Free Clinic Food Bank 863 Third Avenue North St. Petersburg, FL 33701 813.821.1200 p Second Harvest of the Big Bend Second Helpings (SH) (FC) 4809 Market Place Tallahassee, FL 32303 850.562.3033 p 850.562.6176 f Divine Providence Food Bank (SH) 212 N. Newport Avenue Tampa, FL 33606 813.254.1190 p 813.258.5802 f Society of St. Andrew P.O. Box 536842 Orlando, FL 32853 407.650.1956 p 800.806.0756 p 407.650.1933 f

GEORGIA The Food Bank of SW Georgia (SH) 502 W. Roosevelt Avenue Albany, GA 31701 912.883.2139 p 912.883.9005 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 706.542.8866 p Athens’ Full Plate (FC) 594 Oconee Street Athens, GA 30605 706.546.8293 p 706.546.9180 f Food Bank of Northeast Georgia (SH) 145 Fritz Mar Lane Athens, GA 30608 706.354.8191 p

SNACKS

all sizes, including juice boxes

USDA Georgia State Office (FSA) 355 E. Hancock Avenue, Stop 103 Athens, GA 30601 706.546.2256 Ext. 5730 p 706.546.2014 f Atlanta’s Table (FC) Atlanta Community Food Bank 970 Jefferson St., NW Atlanta, GA 30318 404.892.1250 p 404.892.4026 f Atlanta Community Food Bank (SH) 970 Jefferson Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30318 404.892.9822 p 404.892.4026 f Golden Harvest Food Bank (SH) 3310 Commerce Drive Augusta, GA 30919 706.736.1199 p 706.736.1375 f Second harvest Food Bank of the Chattahoochee Valley (SH) 5928 Coca-Cola Blvd.

Columbus, GA 706.561.4755 p 706.561.0896 f Middle Georgia Community Food Bank (SH) 137 College Street Macon, GA 31208 912.742.3958 p 912.742.8735 f Second Servings Second Harvest of Coast GA (SH) (FC) (WH) 5 Carolan Street Savannah, GA 31401 912.236.6750 p 912.238.1391 f Valdosta Food Bank (FC) (SH) 1411 Harbin Cirlce Valdosta, GA 31601 912.244.2678 p 912.244.3663 f

individually packaged snacks, crackers, trail mix, dried fruit, granola/cereal bars, pretzels, sandwich crackers

HAWAII

ILLINOIS

Hawaii Island Food Bank (SH) 140 Holomua Street Hilo, HI 96720 808.935.3050 p 808.935.3794 f

Greater Chicago Food Depository (SH) (WH) (FC) 4501 S. Tripp Ave. Chicago, IL 60632 312.247.3663 p 312.247.4232 f

Hawaii Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 2611 A Kilihau Street Honolulu, HI 96819 808.836.3600 p 808.836.2272 f

River Bend Food Bank (SH) 309 12th Street Moline, IL 61265 309.764.7434 p 309.764.9388 f

Kauai Food Bank (SH) 3285 A Wapa Road Lihue, HI 96766 808.246.3809 p 808.246.4737 f

Southern Illinois Food Warehouse (SH) RR1, Box 121A Opdyke, IL 62872 618.244.6146 p

Maui Community Food Bank (SH) 330 Hoo Lana Kahului, HI 96732

Heart of Illinois Harvest (FC) P.O. Box 9702 Peoria, IL 61612 309.693.1400 p 309.693.1413 f

USDA Hawaii State & Pacific Basin (FSA) 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 5–112 Honolulu, HI 96850 808.541.2600 Ext. 102 p 808.541.2648 f

IDAHO Idaho Food Bank Ware, Inc. (SH) (WH) (FC) 4375 S. Apple Boise, ID 83701 208.336.9643 p 208.336.9692 f USDA Ada County Office (FSA) 30 E. Franklin, Suite 70 Meridian, ID 83642 208.888.2027 p 208.888.1536 f Cooperative Extension System (CES) University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83844 208.885.6972 or 6545 p

Peoria Area Food Bank (SH) 1000 Southwest Adams Peoria, IL 61602 309.671.3906 p 309.671.3925 f S. Freiberg Memorial Food Surplus Program (FC) 2798 CR 1700

East Rantoul, IL 61866 217.893.9079 p Rochelle Food Bank (SH) 780 Lincoln Avenue Rochelle, IL 61068 815.562.9082 p Hunger Connection (FC) 320 South Avon Street Rockford, IL 61102 815.961.7283 p 815.961.0036 f Bethlehem Center Food Bank (SH) 600 Industrial Drive St. Charles, IL 60174 630.443.6910 p 630.443.6916 f

Central Illinois Food Bank (SH) 2000 E. Moffat Springfield, IL 62791 217.522.4022 p 217.522.6418 f USDA Illinois State Office (FSA) 3500 Wabash, P. O. Box 19273 Springfield, IL 62794 217.241.6600 Ext. 224 p 217.241.6619 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 217.244.2855 p Eastern Illinois Food Bank (SH) 208 West Griggs Urbana, IL 61801 217.328.3663 p 217.328.3670 f

INDIANA East Central Reg. Indiana FB (SH) 1417 Meridian Street Anderson, IN 46016 765.649.0292 p 765.649.5779 f Meal Share (FC) (SH) Hoosier Hills Food Bank 615 North Fairview Bloomington, IN 47404 812.334.8374 p 812.334.8377 f Southern Indiana Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 588 Columbus, IN 47201 812.378.7486 p 812.378.4812 f Tri-State Food Bank (SH) 801 E. Michigan Street Evansville, IN 47711 812.425.0775 p 812.425.0776 f Second Helping Community Action Program of Evansville and Vanderburgh Counties, Inc. (FC) 27 Pasco Evansville, IN 47708 812.425.4241 Ext. 231 p 812.425.4255 f

HYGIENE ITEMS

GRAINS

CANNED VEGETABLES

diapers, deodorants for men & women, feminine products, toilet paper, tissues, soap, toothpaste, shampoo

brown & white rice, oatmeal, bulgur, quinoa, couscous, macaroni & cheese

low sodium, no salt added

Community Harvest Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 10967 Ft. Wayne, IN 46855 219.447.3696 p 219.447.4859 f Northwest Indiana Food Bank (SH) 2248 W. 35th Avenue Gary, IN 46408 219.980.1777 p 219.980.1720 f Gleaners Food Bank of Indiana (SH) 1102 East 16th Street Indianapolis, IN 46202 317.925.0191 p 317.927.3189 f Second Helpings, Inc. (FC) 3324 E. Michigan, Suite 150 Indianapolis, IN 46201 317.632.2664 p 317.631.5655 f USDA Indiana State Office (FSA) 5981 Lakeside Blvd.

Indianapolis, IN 46278 317.290.3030 Ext. 252 p 317.290.3024 f Food Finders Food Bank 1400 Canal Road Lafayette, IN 97904 765.742.8558 p 765.742.2857 f Eastern Indiana Food Bank (SH) 201 East Main St. Richmond, IN 47374 312.966.7733 p North Central Indiana Food Bank (SH) 216 W. Ewing Avenue South Bend, IN 46613 219.232.9986 p 219.232.0143 f Terre Haute Catholic Charities (SH) 1356 Locust Street Terre Haute, IN 47803 812.232.1447 p 812.232.1447 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 317.494.8252 p

IOWA HACAP Food Reservoir (SH) 1201 Continental Place NE Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 319.393.7811 p 319.393.6263 f Food Bank of Iowa (SH) 30 Northeast 48th Place Des Moines, IA 50313 515.244.6555 p 515.244.6556 f

Let’s Help Food Bank (SH) 302 Van Buren P.O. Box 2492 Topeka, KS 66603 913.232.4357 p 913.234.6208 f Kansas Foodbank Warehouse (SH) 806 East Boston Wichita, KS 67211 316.265.4421 p 316.265.9747 f

KENTUCKY

Table to Table (FC) 20 E. Market Street Iowa City, IA 319.337.3400 p 319.337.3400 f

Kentucky Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 105 Warehouse Ct. Elizabethtown, KY 42702 502.769.6997 p 502.769.9340 f

USDA Greene County Office (FSA) 1403 Elm, P. O. Box 270 Jefferson, IA 50129 515.386.3138 p 515.386.4328 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40564 606.257.3887 p

Food Bank of Southern Iowa (SH) 225 S. Benton Ottumwa, IA 52501 515.682.3403 p

God’s Pantry Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 104 South Forbes Road Lexington, KY 40511 606.255.6592 p 606.254.6330 f

Siouxland Tri State Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 985 Sioux City, IA 51102 800.792.3663 p Prepared and Perishable Food Rescue Program Cedar Valley Food Bank (SH) 106 E. 11th Street Waterloo, IA 50703 319.235.0507 p 319.235.1027 f

KANSAS Flint Hills Breadbasket (SH) 905 Yuma Manhattan, KS 66502 913.537.0730 p 913.537.1353 f USDA Kansas State Office (FSA) 3600 Anderson Avenue Manhattan, KS 66503 785.539.3533 p 785.537.9659 f

LOUISIANA

MAINE

Food Bank of Central LA (SH) 3223 Baldwin Avenue Alexandria, LA 71301 318.445.2773 p 318.484.2898 f

USDA Maine State Office (FSA) 444 Stillwater Avenue, P. O. Box 406 Bangor, ME 04402 207.990.9140 p 207.990.9169 f

USDA Louisiana State Office (FSA) 3737 Government Street Alexandria, LA 71302 318.473.7721 p 318.473.7735 f

Good Shepherd Food Bank (SH) 415 Lisbon Street Lewiston, ME 04240 207.782.3554 p 207.782.9893 f

Lagniappe Du Coeur (FC) Greater Baton Rouge Food Bank 766 Chippewa Street Baton Rouge, LA 70821 504.359.9940 p 504.355.1445 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of Maine Orono, ME 04469 207.581.3310 p

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70894 504.388.3329 p Greater Baton Rouge Food Bank 5546 Choctaw Drive P.O. Box 2996 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 504.359.0040 p 504.335.1445 f

USDA Kentucky State Office (FSA) 771 Corporate Drive, Suite 100 Lexington, KY 40503 606.224.7685 p 606.224.7691 f

Food Bank of Northeast Louisiana 4600 Central Avenue Monroe, LA 71211 318.322.3567 p

Dare to Care (SH) (WH) (FC) 5803 Fem Valley Rd. P.O. Box 35458 Louisville, KY 40232 502.966.3821 p 502.966.3827 f

Second Harvest of Greater New Orleans (SH)(FC) 1201 Sams Avenue New Orleans, LA 70123 504.734.1322 p 504.733.8336 f

Purchase Area Development Dist.

(SH) P.O. Box 588 Mayfield, KY 42066 502.247.7171 p

Northwest Louisiana Food Bank 2307 Texas Avenue Shreveport, LA 71103 318.675.2400 p 318.675.2440 f

MARYLAND Food Link (FC) 2666 Riva Rd. 3rd Floor MS 8302 Annapolis, MD 21401 410.222.7853 p 410.222.7855 f The MD Food Bank, Inc. (SH) (WH) 241 North Franklintown Road Baltimore, MD 21223 410.947.0404 p 410.947.1853 f Second Helping The Maryland Food Bank, Inc. (FC) 241 N. Franklintown Rd. Baltimore, MD 21223 410.947.0404 p 410.947.1853 f USDA Maryland State Office (FSA) 8335 Guilford Road, Suite E Columbia, MD 21046 410.381.4550 p 410.962.4860 f Howard County Food Bank (SH) 9250 Rumsey Road Columbia, MD 21045 410.313.7240 p 410.313.7383 f

way to help | 63

SOUPS

CONDIMENTS

beef stew, chili, chicken noodle, turkey & rice

Western MD Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 243 Cumberland, MD 21501 301.722.2797 p 301.722.6046 f Harford County Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 1005 Edgewood, MD 21040 410.679.8186 p 410.679.4306 f Harvest Food Resources (FC) 930 Eldridge Drive, #A Hagerstown, MD 21740 301.733.4002 p 301.791.3313 f Washington County Food Resources (SH) 930 Eldridge Drive Hagerstown, MD 21740 301.733.4002 p 301.791.3313 f

Cape Cod Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 236 Harwich, MA 02671 508.432.6519 p The Food Bank Farm-Food Bank of Western Massachusetts (SH) (FC) 97 N. Hatfield Road Hatfield, MA 01038 413.247.9738 p 413.247.9577 f Fresh Foods Initiative, Worcester County Food Bank (FC) 731 Hartford Turnpike Shrewsbury, MA 01545 508.842.3663 p 508.842.7405 f Worchester County Food Bank (SH) 731 Hartford Turnpike Shrewsbury, MA 01545 508.842.3663 p 508.842.7405 f

Southern Maryland Warehouse (SH) P.O. Box 613 Hughesville, MD 20637 301.274.0695 p 410.257.1002 f

Rachel’s Table Jewish Fed. Of Greater Springfield (FC) 1160 Dickinson Street Springfield, MA 01108 413.733.9165 p 413.737.4348 f

Garrett County Community Action (SH) P.O. Box 449 Oakland, MD 21550 410.334.9431 p 410.334.8555 f

Rachel’s Table A Project of Jewish Fed. (FC) 633 Salisbury St. Worchester, MA 01609 508.799.7699 p 508.798.0962 f

MASSACHUSETTS

MICHIGAN

USDA Massachusetts State Office (FSA) 445 West Street Amherst, MA 01002 413.256.0832 p 413.256.6890 f Second Helpings Greater Boston Food Bank (SH) (FC) 99 Atkinson Street Boston, MA 02118 617.427.5200 p 617.427.0146 f Fair Foods (WH) 3 Nottingham Terrace Dorchester, MA 02121 617.288.6185 p

BAKING GOODS

tomato based sauces, light soy sauce, ketchup, mustard, salad dressing, oils

Huron Harvest Food Bank Food Gatherers (SH) (FC) 1731 Dhu Varren Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 734.761.2796 p 734.930.0550 f Food Bank of South Central Michigan (SH) 5451 Wayne Road Battle Creek, MI 49016 616.964.3663 p 616.966.4147 f

flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, spices, boxed mixes

Gleaners Community Food Bank (SH) 2131 Beaufait Detroit, MI 48207 313.923.3535 p 313.924.6313 f

American Red Cross Reg. FDC (SH) 2116 Mint Road Lansing, MI 48906 517.321.6807 p 517.321.1580 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 517.353.9694 p

Manna Project (SH) P.O. Box 910 Petoskey, MI 49770 616.347.8852 p

Food Movers (FC) 2116 Mint Road Lansing, MI 48906 517.327.0190 p 517.321.1580 f USDA Michigan State Office (FSA) 1300 Coolidge, Suite 100 East Lansing, MI 48823 517.337.6660 Ext. 1212 p 517.337.6789 f Food Bank of Eastern Michigan (SH) 2312 Lapeer Road Flint, MI 48503 810.239.4441 p 810.239.4498 f Second Harvest Gleaners Food Bank (SH) 1250 Front Avenue Grand Rapids, MI 49504 616.458.7856 p 616.458.0113 f Western Upper Peninsula Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 420 Hancock, MI 49930 906.482.5548 p 906.482.5512 f Livingston Community Food Bank (SH) 746 S. Michigan Howell, MI 48843 517.546.6830 p Central Upper Peninsula Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 565 Ishpeming, MI 49849 906.485.5946 p 906.485.4988 f Kalamazoo Loaves and Fishes (SH) 913 E. Alcott Kalamazoo, MI 49001 616.343.3663 p

MISSOURI Central Missouri Food Bank (SH) 2000 Pennsylvania Drive Columbia, MO 65202 573.474.1020 p 573.474.9932 f

Food Bank of Oakland County (SH) 120 E. Columbia Pontiac, MI 48343 810.332.1473 p 810.332.7135 f

USDA Missouri State Office (FSA) 601 Loop 70 W Parkade Business Center, Suite 335 Columbia, MO 65203 573.876.0925 p 573.876.0935 f

Hidden Harvest (FC) 319 Hayden Saginaw, MI 48607 517.753.4749 p 517.753.5707 f

Kansas City Harvest Harvesters (SH) (WH) (FC) 1811 N. Topping Kansas City, MO 64120 816.231.3173 p 816.231.7044 f

Forgotten Harvest (FC) 21711 W. 10 Mile Rd., #200 Southfield, MI 48075 248.350.3663 p 248.350.9928 f

USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) 8930 Ward Parkway, Room 334 Kansas City, MO 64114 816.926.6189 p 816.823.2464 f

MISSISSIPPI State-wide: Society of St. Andrew 601.932.4870 p Twelve Baskets Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 1457 Biloxi, MS 39533 601.388.6881 p The Gleaners, Inc. (FC) 395 North Mart Plaza P.O. Box 9883 Jackson, MS 39286 601.981.4240 p MS Food Network (SH) 440 W. Beatty Street P.O. Box 411 Jackson, MS 39205 601.353.7286 p 601.948.6710 f USDA Mississippi State Office (FSA) 6310 I-55 North P. O. Box 14995 Jackson, MS 39236 601.965.4300 p 601.965.4180 f

Boot Heel Food Bank (SH) 945 South Kings Hwy Sikeston, MO 63801 573.471.1818 p 573.471.3659 f Ozarks Share-A-Meal Ozarks Food Harvest (SH) 615 N. Glenstone Springfield, MO 65802 417.865.3411 p 417.865.0504 f MO-KAN Regional Food Bank (SH) 915 Douglas St. Joseph, MO 64506 816.364.4442 p 816.364.6404 f Someone Cares Mission (WH) 1301 Benton Street St. Louis, MO 63106 314.621.6703 p St. Louis Area Food Bank (SH) 5959 St. Louis Avenue St. Louis, MO 63120 314.383.3335 p 314.382.3414 f

PAPER PRODUCTS & HOUSEHOLD ITEMS

paper towles, napkins, cleaning supplies

Operation Food Search, Inc.(FC) 9445 Dielman Rock Island Dr. St. Louis, MO 63132 314.569.0053 Ext.11 p 314.569.0381 f

MONTANA Billings Food Bank 2112 4th Avenue North Billings, MT 406.259.2856 p 406.259.9847 f USDA Ravalli County Office (FSA) 1709 N. First Hamilton, MT 59840 406.363.1444 p

NEBRASKA Mid Nebraska Community Action Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 2288 Kearney, NE 68848 308.234.2595 p Daily Harvest Food Bank of Lincoln, Inc. (SH)(FC) 4840 Doris Bair Circle, Suite #At Lincoln, NE 68504 402.466.8170 p 402.466.6124 f Foodnet, Inc. (FC) 2701 S. 34th Street Lincoln, NE 68503 402.488.2871 p USDA Nebraska State Office (FSA) P.O. Box 57975 Lincoln, NE 68505 402.437.5888 p 402.437.5891 f ILI Food Bank (SH) P.O.Box 116 Norfolk, NE 68701 402.371.5631 p The Nebraska Food Bank (SH) 723 North 18th Street Omaha, NE 681024 402.341.1915 p

NEVADA

NEW JERSEY

Project MANA (FC) P.O. Box 3980 Incline Village, NV 89450 530.546.2416 p 530.546.1066 f

Food Bank of South Jersey (SH) 1361 Walnut Street Camden, NJ 08103 609.963.3663 p 609.963.9050 f

Restuaraunt Comm.

Food Bank of Clark Co. (SH) 3505 E. Charleston Las Vegas, NV 89104 702.459.3663 p 702.459.3630 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Rutgers University Camden, NJ 08102 609.225.6169 p

USDA Nevada State Office (FSA) 1755 E. Plumb Lane, Suite 202 Reno, NV 89502 702.784.5411 p 702.784.5015 f 406.363.5011 f Montana Food Bank Network (SH) (FC) P.O. Box 2073 Missoula, MT 59806 406.721.3825 p 406.721.3875 f Food Bank of Northern Nevada (SH) 994 Packer Way Sparks, NV 89431 702.331.3663 p 702.331.3765 f

NEW HAMPSHIRE Cooperative Extension Service (CES) University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 603.862.2465 p New Hampshire Food Bank (SH) 62 West Brook Street Manchester, NH 03101 603.669.6821 p 603.669.0270 f USDA Hillsboro County Office (FSA) 468 State Route 13S Milford, NH 03055 603.673.1222 p 603. 673.0597 f

Community Food Bank of New Jersey (SH) (FC) 31 Evans Terminal Road Hillside, NJ 07205 908.355.3663 p 908.355.0270 f Norwescap Food Bank (SH) 340 Anderson Street Phillipsburg, NJ 08865 908.454.4322 p 908.454.2030 f Second Helping (FC) (SH) The Food Bank of Monmouth Ocean Counties 516 Passaic Ave. Spring Lake, NJ 07762 732.974.2265 p 732.974.2267 f Mercer Street Friends Food Co-op (SH) 151 Mercer Street Trenton, NJ 08611 609.396.1506 p 609.396.8363 f

Tularosa basin Food Bank (SH) 1017 Oregon Alamogordo, NM 8310 505.434.6505 p USDA San Juan County Office (FSA) 1427 West Aztec Blvd., Suite 1 Aztec, NM 87410 505.334.3090 505.334.8659

Life Saver Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 1476 225 E. Brady Clovis, NM 88101 505.762.1387 p 505.763.2240 f Echo Food Bank (SH) 401 S. Commercial Farmingham, NM 87401 505.325.8222 p 505.326.5025 f Southeast New Mexico Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 839 Hobbs, NM 88241 505.393.9580 p Salvation Army — Roswell (SH) P.O. Box 897 Roswell, NM 88202 505.625.2030 p 505.625.9626 f Food Depot (SH) (FC) 2442 Cerrillos Rd., #136 Santa Fe, NM 87505 505.471.1633 p 505.471.3136 f

USDA Cumberland/Atlantic/ Cape May (FSA) 1317 S. Main Road Building 3, Suite A Vineland, NJ 08360 609.205.1225 Ext. 2 p 609.205.0691 f

NEW YORK

NEW MEXICO

Food For Survival, Inc. (FC) Hunts Point Co-op 355 Food Center Dr. Bronx, NY 10474 718.991.4300 p 718.893.3442 f

Second Harvest Roadrunner Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 12924 Albuquerque, NM 87195 505.247.2052 p 505.242.6471 f

C.H.O.W. (FC) 81 Main Street Binghamton, NY 13905 607.724.9130 p 607.724.9148 f

Food Bank of Western NY (SH) (WH) 91–95 Holt Street Buffalo, NY 14206 716.852.1305 p 716.852.7858 f Food Bank of Central New York (SH) (FC) (WH) 6970 Schuyler Road East Syracuse, NY 13057 315.437.1899 p 315.434.9629 f Food Bank of Southern Tier (SH) 945 County Route 64 Elmira, NY 14903 607.796.6061 p 607.796.6028 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 607.255.2l30 p Friend Moveable Feast Produce for the People Program (WH) (FC) (SH) Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York 965 Albany-Shaker Rd. Latham, NY 12110 518.786.3691 p 518.786.3004 f Cooperative Gleaning Project 89 West Main Street Malone, NY 518.483.1261 p 518.483.8599 f Food Patch, Inc. (FC) (SH) 358 Saw Mill River Road Millwood, NY 10546 914.923.1100 p 914.923.1198 f Island Harvest (FC) 199 Second St. Mineola, NY 11501 561.294.8528 p 561.747.6843 f City Harvest (FC) (SH) 159 W. 25th St., 10th Floor New York, NY 10001 212.463.0456 p 212.727.2439 f

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Food for Survival, Inc. (SH) (WH) 355 Food Center Drive New York, NY 10474 718.991.4300 p 718.893.3442 f Heart and Soul (FC) 1501 Pierce Ave. Niagara Falls, NY 14301 716.285.0794 p 716.285.3966 f FOODSHARE People to People (FC) 261 Mountainview Ave. Nyack, NY 10960 914.358.4606 p 914.353.4780 f Foodlink, Inc. (FC) (SH) 56 and 100 West Avenue Rochester, NY 14611 716.328.3380 Ext. 29 p 716.328.9951 f USDA Albany County Office (FSA) 24 Martin Road, P.O. Box 497 Voorheesville, NY 12186 518.765.2326 p 518.765.2304 f Long Island Cares Reg. Food Bank Pilgrim Center (SH) West Brentwood, NY 11717 516.435.0454 p 516.273.2184 f Food Shuttle of Western NY, Inc. (FC) 100 St. Gregory Ct. Williamsville, NY 14221 716.688.2527 p

NORTH CAROLINA Society of St. Andrew Western NC 704.553.1730 p MANNA Food Bank (SH) 627 Swannanoa River Road Asheville, NC 28805 704.299.3663 p 704.299.3664 f

Second Harvest Food Bank of Metrolina (SH) 500 B Spratt Street Charlotte, NC 28233 704.376.1785 f 704.342.1601 f North Carolina Harvest (FC) 2910 Selwyn Ave., #127 Charlotte, NC 28209 704.342.FOOD p 704.372.5150 f Society of St. Andrew P.O. Box 25081 504 West Chapel Hill St. Durham, NC 27702 919.683.3011 p 919.688.8830 f Albemarle Food Bank Pantry, Inc. (SH) 313 S. Road Street Elizabeth City, NC 27906 919.335.4035 p 919.335.4797 f Second Harvest of Southeast North Carolina Food Bank (SH) 406 Deep Creek Road Fayetteville, NC 28302 910.485.8809 p 910.485.4394 f Greensboro’s Table (FC) Greensboro Urban Ministry 305 W. Lee St. Greensboro, NC 27406 910.271.5975 p Cooperative Extension Service (CES) North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 28795 910.515.2770 p Food Bank of North Carolina (SH) 4701 Beryl Road Raleigh, NC 27606 919.833.9027 p 919.833.9461 f Inter-Faith Food Shuttle (FC) (WH) 216 Lord Anson Dr. Raleigh, NC 27610 919.250.0043 p 919.250.0416 f

USDA North Carolina State Office (FSA) 4407 Bland Road, Suite 175 Raleigh, NC 27609 919.875.4831 p 919.875.4826 f Second Helpings of Winston Salem Food Bank of NW NC (SH) (FC) 3655 Reed Street Winston Salem, NC 27107 910.784.5770 p 910.784.7369 f Food Bank of Coastal Carolina (SH) P.O. Box 1311 Wilmington, NC 28402 910.251.1465 p

NORTH DAKOTA Cooperative Extension Service (CES) North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105 701.231.7173 p Great Plains Food Bank (SH) 1104 NP Avenue Fargo, ND 58107 701.232.6219 p 701.232.3871 f

Second Harvest of North Central Ohio (SH) 8105 Leavitt Road Amherst OH 44001 216.986.2442 p 216.986.2448 f GMN Tri-County CAC, Inc. (SH) 615 North Street P.O. Box 285 Caldwell, OH 43724 614.732.2388 p 614.732.4158 f Queen City Servings Free Store/Food Bank, Inc. (SH)(FC) 1250 Tennessee Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45229 513.482.4533 p 513.482.4504 f Cleveland Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 1557 East 27th Street Cleveland, OH 44114 216.696.6007 p 216.696.6236 f Ohio State University Extension (CES) Columbus, OH 43210 614.292.5512 p

Daily Bread (FC) P.O. Box 389 Fargo, ND 58107 701.232.2624 p 701.232.3871 f

Second Servings Mid-Ohio Food Bank (SH) (FC) (WH) 1625 W. Mound Street Columbus, OH 43223 614.274.7770 p 614.274.8063 f

USDA North Dakota State Office (FSA) 1025 28th Street SW, P.O. Box 3046 Fargo, ND 58108 701.239.5225 Ext. 229 p 701.239.5696 f

USDA Ohio State Office (FSA) 200 N. High Street, Fed. Bldg., Rm. 540 Columbus, OH 43215 614.469.5522 p 614.469.2047 f

OHIO

American Red Cross (FC) Emergency Food Bank PPFP Operation Food Share 370 W. First St. P.O. Box 517 Dayton, OH 45402 513.461.0265 p 513.461.3310 f

Akron-Canton Regional Food Bank (SH) 546 Grant Street Akron, OH 44311 330.535.6900 p 330.996.5337 f

Emergency Food Bank (SH) 370 West I St. Street Dayton, OH 45401 513.461.7060 p 513.461.3310 f

Shared Harvest Food Bank (SH) 5901 Dixie Highway Fairfield, OH 45014 513.874.0114 p 513.874.0152 f West Ohio Food Bank (SH) 123 E. Wayne Streeet P.O. Box 1566 Lima, OH 45802 419.222.7946 p 419.222.5942 f Second Harvest Food Bank of Southern Ohio (SH) 1005 Cic Drive Logan, OH 43138 740.385.6813 p 740.385.0866 f Food Pantry Network (SH) 159 Wilson Street P.O. Box 4284 Newark, OH 43058 614.349.8563 p 614.345.2380 f Country Neighbor, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 212 Orwell, OH 44076 216.437.6311 p Northcoast Food Rescue (FC) WH) 2639 Wooster Road Rocky River, OH 216.356.9449 p 216.356.9424 f Second Harvest of Food Bank of Clark, Champaign, and Logan Counties (SH) 641 E. High Street Springfield, OH 45505 513.325.8715 p 513.325.6240 f Toledo-Northwest Ohio Food Bank (SH) 359 Hamilton Street Toledo, OH 43602 419.242.5000 p 419.241.4455 f Toledo Seagate Food Bank 526 High Street P.O. Box 4242 Toledo, OH 43609 419.244.6996 p 419.244.2123 f

Second Harvest of Mahoning Valley (SH) 1122 E. Midlothian Blvd.

Youngstown, OH 44502 330.783.1122 p 330.783.9234 f

OKLAHOMA Second Helpings Oklahoma City Food Bank (SH) (FC) 30 SE 17th Street P.O. Box 26306 Oklahoma City, OK 73126 405.236.8349 p 405.236.5119 f USDA Oklahoma State Office (FSA) 100 USDA, Suite 102 Stillwater, OK 74074 405.742.1156 p 405.742.1177 f Table to Table Tulsa Community Food Bank (SH) (FC) 1150 N. Iroquois Avenue Tulsa, OK 74106 918.585.2800 p 918.585.2862 f

OREGON Clatsop County Comm. Action (SH) 1010 Duane #207 Astoria, OR 97103 503.325.4274 p Central Oregon Comm. Action (SH) 1293 NW Wall Street, #100 Bend, OR 97701 503.389.7520 p 503.548.6013 f The Gleaning Network (FC) 211 N. Front St. Central Point, OR 97502 503.664.5244 p SW Oregon Comm. Act. Cmtte.

(SH) P.O. Box 929 Coos Bay, OR 97420 503.269.0443 p 503.269.0787 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 541.737.1019 p Linn Benton Food Share (SH) 945 SW 2nd Suite A Corvallis, OR 97333 503.752.1010 p 503.752.2348 f Food Rescue Express (FC) Food for Lane County 255 Madison St. Eugene, OR 97402 503.343.2822 p 503.343.5019 f

Treasure Valley Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 937 Ontario, OR 97914 503.889.7651 p 503.889.4940 f

Mid-Columbia Community Action (SH) P.O. Box 901 The Dalles, OR 97058 503.298.5131 p 503.298.5141 f

Second Harvest Northwest Pennsylvania (SH) 1703 Ash Street Eric, PA 16503 814.459.3663 p 814.456.6481 f

Capeco (SH) 721 SE Third Street Pendleton, OR 97801 800.752.1139 p 503.276.7541 f

Tillamook Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 543 Tillamook, OR 97141 503.842.4826 p

Community Food Warehouse (SH) 821 Broadway Avenue Farrell, PA 16121 412.981.0353 p 412.981.7949 f

Food Train/Food Depot (FC) The Society of St. Vincent de Paul 3601 SE 27th Portland, OR 97202 503.234.1114 p 503.233.5581 f

PENNSYLVANIA Second Harvest of Lehigh Valley (SH) 2045 Harvest Way Allentown, PA 18104 610.434.0875 p 610.435.9540 f

Josephine Co. Food Share (SH) 317 NW B Street Grants Pass, OR 97526 503.474.5450 p 503.474.5105 f

Oregon Food Bank (SH) 2540 NE Riverside Way Portland, OR 97211 503.282.0555 p 503.282.0922 f

Klamath/Lake Counties Food Bank (SH) 304 Vandenberg Dr. #41 Klamath Falls, OR 97603 503.882.1223 p 503.885.6187 f

UCAN Food Shares (SH) 2448 W. Harvard Roseburg, OR 97470 503.672.3441 p 503.672.1983 f

Beaver County Salvation Army (SH) P.O. Box 11 Beaver Falls, PA 15010 412.846.2330 p 412.846.9551 f

Marion Polk Food Share (SH) 2305 Front Avenue NE Salem, OR 97303 503.581.3855 p 503.588.4077 f

McKean County Food Bank (SH) 20 Russell Blvd Bradford, PA 16701 814.362.0071 p

Help, Inc. (SH) 104 Elm Street La Grande, OR 97850 541.963.7532 p 541.963.7971 f Yamhill County Comm. Action (SH) P.O. Box 621 McMinnville, OR 97128 503.472.0457 p 503.472.5555 f Access, Inc. P.O. Box 4666 Medford, OR 97501 503.779.6691 503.779.8886

Lincoln County Food Share (SH) 535 NE 1st Street Newport, OR 97365 541.265.8578 p 541.265.2948 f

Sweet Home Gleeners, Inc. 3031 Main Street Sweet Home, OR 541.367.3190 p Columbia Pacific Food Bank (SH) 474 Milton Way St. Helens, OR 97051 503.397.9708 p 503.397.3290 f USDA Linn/Benton/ Lincoln Office (FSA) 33630 McFarland Road Tangent, OR 97389 541.967.5925 p 541.928.9345 f

Food For Families, Altoona (SH) 2201 Union Ave. Altoona, PA 16601 814.944.4357 p

Homeless Care Foundation (SH) 5800 E. Elwood Ave. Bristol, PA 19007 215.788.8802 p Christian United Storehouse (SH) 312 E. Cunningham St. Butler, PA 16001 412.282.2655 p Cumberland Valley XS (FC) Box 491 Chambersburg, PA 17201 716.263.8165 p Westmoreland County Food Bank 100 Devonshire Delmont, PA 15626 412.832.8335 p 412.832.0534 f

Fresh Produce Distribution Program South Central Pennsylvania Food Bank (SH) (FC) 3908 Corey Road Harrisburg, PA 17109 717.564.1700 p 717.561.4636

USDA Pennsylvania State Office (FSA) Suite 320, One Credit Union Place Harrisburg, PA 17110 717.237.2121 p 717.237.2149 f Indiana County Comm. Act. (SH) Box 187 Indiana, PA 15701 412.465.2657 p Food For Families (SH) 945 Franklin St. Johnstown, PA 15901 814.535.3315 p 814.535.5374 f Armstrong Co. Comm. Action (SH) Armsdale Admin. Bldg. Road #8, Box 287 Kittaning, PA 16201 412.548.3405 p Greater Pitts. Comm. Food Bank (SH) (WH) 3200 Walnut Street McKeesport, PA 15134-0127 (412) 672-4949 Fax: (412) 672-4740

Greater Berks Food Bank (SH) 1011 Tuckerton Court Muhlenberg, PA 19605 610.926.5802 p 610.926.7638 f Lawrence Co. Commissioners (SH) Lawrence Co. Center 430 Court Street New Castle, PA 16101 412.656.2163 p 412.652.9646 f

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Channels (FC) 331 Bridge St. P.O. Box 724 New Cumberland, PA 17070 717.774.8220 p 717.774.3655 f Philabundance (FC) 6950 Germantown Ave. P.O. Box 18927 Philadelphia, PA 19119 215.844.3663 p 215.844.4556 f Greater Philadelphia Food Bank (SH) (WH) 302 West Berks Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 215.739.7394 p Share Food Program, Inc. (SH) 2220 Hunting Park Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19129 215.223.2220 p 215.223.3073 p Fayette County Food Bank (SH) 92 N. Beeson Uniontown, PA 15401 412.437.8180 p 412.437. 4418 f Corner Cupboard Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 489 Waynesburg, PA 15370 412.627.9784 p Commission on Economic Opportunity (SH) 211 S. Main Street Wilkes Barre, PA 18701 717.826.0510 p 717.829.1665 f York County Food Bank 254 W. Princess Street York, PA 17404 717.846.6435 p 717.843.3379 f

PUERTO RICO

TENNESSEE

TEXAS

Chattanooga Area Food Bank (SH) 3402 N. Hawthorne Street Chattanooga, TN 37406 423.622.1800 p 423.622.3663 f

Food Bank of Abilene (SH) 5505 N. First Abilene, TX 79603 915.695.6311 p 915.695.6827 f

Comm. Food Bank of Piedmont (SH) 206 S. Main Street Mauldin, SC 29662

Second Harvest of NE Tennessee (SH) 1924 West G Street Elizabethton, TN 37643 423.543.3663 p 423.543.5991 f

West Texas Food Bank-Alpine P.O. Box 374 Alpine, TX 79831 915.837.1580 p

USDA Rhode Island State Office (FSA) 60 Quaker Lane, Suite 40 Warwick, RI 02886 401.828.8232 p 401.528.5206 f

A.C.F. Food Source Network (FC) 1509 Havens Dr., Unit C N. Myrtle Beach, SC 29582 803.272.1526 p

Second Harvest of West Tennessee (SH) 255 N. Highland Jackson, TN 38302 901.424.3663 p 901.427.3663 f

Rhode Island Community Food Bank (SH) (FC) 104 Hay Street West Warwick, RI 02893 401.826.3073 p 401.826.2420 f

SOUTH DAKOTA

Caribbean Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 2989 Bayamon, PR 00960 787.740.3663 p 787.786.8810 f USDA Corozal Field Office (FSA) #159 Road Km. 137, Mini Mall Tropical Corozal, PR 00783 787.859.3677 p 787.859.0296 f

RHODE ISLAND

SOUTH CAROLINA Low County Food Bank 1635 Cosgrove Road Charleston, SC 29405 803.747.8146 p 803.747.8147 f The Soup Kitchen (FC) Charleston InterFaith Crisis Ministry P.O. Box 20038 Charleston, SC 29413 803.723.2726 p 803.577.6667 f Harvest Hope Food Bank (SH) 1021 George Rogers Blvd.

Columbia, SC 29202 803.765.9181 p 803.252.3100 f USDA South Carolina State Office (FSA) 1927 Thurmond Mall, Suite 100 Columbia, SC 29201 803.806.3856 p 803.806.3839 f

Loaves and Fishes (FC) 1990 Augusta St. 1900 Building #900 Greenville, SC 29605 803.232.3595 p Second Helpings, Inc. (FC) P.O. Box 23621 Hilton Head Island, SC 29925 803.842.7305 p

864.675.0350 864.675.0360

USDA Butte/Lawrence County Office (FSA) 1847 5th Avenue, P. O. Box 38 Bell Fourche, SD 57717 605.892.3368 p 605.892.6019 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 605.688.4038 p Black Hills Regional Food Bank (SH) 1844 Lombardy Drive Rapid City, SD 57701 605.348.2689 p 605.348.8440 f Second Harvest of South Dakota (SH) 351 1 North First Avenue Sioux Falls, SD 57104 605.335.0364 p 605.335.6617 f

Knoxville Harvest Second Harvest of East Tennessee (SH) (FC) 922 Delaware Knoxville, TN 37921 423.521.0000 p 423.521.0040 f Round Up Memphis Food Bank (SH) (FC) 239 S. Dudley Street Memphis, TN 38104 901.527.0841 p 901.528.1172 f Nashville’s Table, Inc. (FC) 1416 Lebanon Road Nashville, TN 37210 615.244.4564 p 615.244.6312 f Second Harvest Food Bank of Nashville (SH) 608 20th Avenue North Nashville, TN 37203 615.329.3491 p 615.329.3988 f USDA Tennessee State Office (FSA) U.S. Courthouse, 801 Broadway, Rm. 579 Nashville, TN 37203 615.736.5553 p 615.736.2835 f

The Food Connection High Plains Food Bank (SH) (FC) 815 S. Ross Amarillo, TX 79120 806.374.8562 p 806.371.7459 f Perishable Food Program Capital Area Food Bank of Texas (FC) (SH) 3731 Drossett Drive P.O. Box 18311 Austin, TX 78760 512.448.2111 p 512.448.2524 f West Texas Food Bank Big Springs P.O. Box 2905 Big Springs, TX 97920 915.263.3111 p Southeast Texas Food Bank, Inc. 2845 Martin Luther King Parkway Beaumont, TX 77705 709.839.8777 p Texas Agricultural Extension Service (CES) Texas AM University College Station, TX 77843 409.845.6379 p Brazos Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 9489 College Station, TX 77840 409.822.2668 p Food Bank of Corpus Christi (SH) 826 Krill Street Corpus Christi, TX 78403 512.887.6291 p 512.887.7687 f

USDA Harris County Office (FSA) 11426 Telge Road Cypress, TX 77429 281.469.7856 p 281.469.7005 f

Laredo-Webb County Food Bank (SH) 4010 N. Jarvis Laredo, TX 78041 210.726.3120 p 210.725.1309 f

Regional East Texas Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 6974 Tyler, TX 75711 903.597.3663 p 903.597.7659 f

Vermont Food Bank, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 254 South Barre, VT 05670 802.476.3341 p 802.476.3326 f

Dallas Hunger Link North Texas Food Bank (SH) (FC) (WH) 4306 Shilling Way Dallas, TX 75237 214.330.1396 p 214.331.4104 f

Second Helpings South Plains Food Bank (SH) (FC) 4612 Locust Avenue Lubbock, TX 79404 806.763.3003 p 806.741.0850 f

Community Food Bank of Victoria (FC) 3809 E. Rio Grande Street P.O. Box 5085 Victoria, TX 77903 512.578.0591 p 512.573.7381 f

Project Angel Food 9 Quail Run South Burlington, VT 05403 802.865.4880 p

West Texas Food Bank-El Paso 3727 Shell Street El Paso, TX 79937 915.565.1060 p

Food Bank of the Rio Gr. Valley (SH) 2601 Zinnia McAllen, TX 78502 210.682.8101 p 210.682.7921 f

Food For People (SH) 318 South Fifth Waco, TX 76701 817.753.4593 p

Society of St. Andrew 2808 Fairmont Suite 300 Dallas, TX 75201 214.922.9206 p 214.922.9278 f sosatx@mindspring.com Tarrant Area Food Bank (SH) 2600 Cullen Ft. Worth, TX 76147 817.332.9177 p 817.877.5148 f End Hunger Network Food Loop (FC) 2323 S. Voss, Suite 370 Houston, TX 77057 713.532.3663 p 713.532.6587 f The Houston Food Bank (SH) (WH) 3811 Eastex Freeway, Hwy. 59 Houston, TX 77026 713.223.3700 p 713.223.1424 f USDA Walker County Office (FSA) 1600 Financial Plaza, Suite 740 Huntsville, TX 77340 409.295.7711 p 409.291.3058 f Laredo-Webb County Food Bank (FC) 1907 Freight Street Laredo, TX 78041 956.726.3120 p 956.725.1309 f

Permian Basin Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 4242 Odessa, TX 79760 915.580.6333 p 915.580.0807 f 1890 Extension Programs (CES) Prairie View AM University Prairie View, TX 77446 409.857.2023 p Concho Valley Food Bank P.O. Box 1207 San Angelo, TX 76902 915.658.3987 p 915.944.1684 f Second Servings San Antonio Food Bank (SH) (FC) 4311 Director Drive San Antonio, TX 78219 210.337.3663 p 210.337.2646 f Northeast Texas Food Bank 217 Linda Drive Sulphur Springs, TX 75482 903.885.0446 p Harvest Texarkana (FC) P.O. Box 07 Texarkana, TX 75504 903.794.1398 p 903.791.1905 f

Wichita Falls Area Food Bank (SH) 1230 Midwestern Pky. Wichita Falls, TX 76307 817.766.2322 p 817.766.2112 f

UTAH Give S.O.M.E. Utah Food Bank (WH) (FC) 1025 South 700 West Salt Lake City, UT 84104 801.978.2452 p 801.978.9565 f Utah Food Bank (SH) 1025 West 700 South Salt Lake City, UT 84104 801.978.2452 p 801.978.0295 f USDA Salt Lake County Office (FSA) 10702 S. 300 W., Suite 130 South Jordan, UT 84095 801.571.0106 p 801.571.1458 f

VERMONT Cooperative Extension System (CES) University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 802.656.0669 p USDA Vermont State Office (FSA) 346 Shelburne Street Burlington, VT 05401 802.658.2803 p 802.660.0953 f

Virginia’s Table Peninsula Food Bank of the Virginia Peninsula (SH) (FC) 9912 Hosier Street Newport News, VA 23601 757.596.7188 p 757.595.2507 f

VIRGINIA

Fresh Foods Initiative Food Bank of SE Virginia (SH) (WH) (FC) 2308 Granby Street Norfolk, VA 23517 757.624.1333 p 757.627.8588 f

Washington Area Gleaning Network P.O. Box 9871 Alexandria, VA 22304 703.780.7809 p 703.370.9102 f

Virginia’s Table Central VA Food Bank, Inc. (SH) (FC) 4444 Sarellen Road Richmond, VA 23231 804.226.1899 p 804.226.9034 f

The Society of St. Andrew (SOSA) (FC) 3383 Sweet Hollow Road Big Island, VA 24526 800.333.4597 p 804.299.5949 f

USDA Virginia State Office (FSA) Culpeper Building, Suite 138 1606 Santa Rosa Road Richmond, VA 23229 804.287.1540 p 804.287.1723 f

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061-0228 (540) 231-7156

Seed of Life (SH) Rt.1, Box 72 Bland, VA 24315 540.688.4808 p Project Foodchain (FC) 327 W. Main Charlottesville, VA 22903 804.997.0542 p 804.975.3156 f Fredericksburg Area Food Bank (FC) (SH) 1327 Alum Springs Road Fredericksburg, VA 22401 540.371.7666 p 540.371.3186 f New Life Crisis (SH) P.O. Box 698 Galax, VA 24333 703.236.0449 p

Second Harvest of Southwest Virginia (SH) (FC) (WH) 1111 Shenandoah Avenue, N.W. Roanoke, VA 24001 540.342.3011 p 540.342.0056 f Blue Ridge Area Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 937 Verona, VA 24482 540.248.3663 p 540.248.6410 f

WASHINGTON Coastal Community Action Program 117 E. 3rd Street Aberdeen, WA 98520 360.533.5100 p 360.532.4623 f North Mason Food Bank P.O. Box 421 Belfair, WA 98528 360.275.4615 p

ways to help | 69

The Salvation Army Anacortes (SH) P.O. Box 303 Anacortes, WA 98221 360.293.6682 p 360.299.9251 f Salvation Army-Bellingham (SH) P.O. Box 5036 Bellingham, WA 98227 206.733.1410 p 206.738.1920 f Bellingham Food Bank P.O. Box 6056 Bellingham, WA 98227 360.676.0392 p 360.676.0410 f Jefferson Comm. Action Council (SH) P.O. Box 207 Chimacum, WA 98325 360.732.4822 p 360.385.5185 f USDA Whitman County Office (FSA) 805 Vista Point Drive, Suite 1 Colfax, WA 99111 509.397.4301 p 509.397.6763 f Rural Resources (SH) N. 320 Main Colville, WA 99114 509.684.8421 p 509.684.4740 f Volunteers of America Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 839 Everett, WA 98206 206.259.3191 p 206.258.2838 f Lower Columbia Comm. Action (SH) P.O. Box 2129 Longview, WA 98632 206.425.3430 p 206.425.6657 f Operation First Harvest (WH) P.O. Box 1275 Mercer Island, WA 98040 206.236.0408 p

North Whidbey Help House (SH) 4029 40th NW Oak Harbor, WA 98277 206.675.3888 p Salvation Army -Port Angeles (SH) P.O. Box 2229 Port Angeles, WA 98362 360.452.7679 p 360.457.6267 f Northwest Harvest (WH) P.O. Box 12272 Seattle, WA 98102 206.625.7520 p Seattle’s Table Food Lifeline (SH) (FC) 1702 NE 150th Street Shoreline, WA 98155 206.545.6600 p 206.545.6616 f Central Kitsap Food Bank (SH) P.O. Box 748 Silverdale, WA 98383 360.692.9818 p 360.692.9818 f Spokane Food Bank (SH) (FC) 1234 E. Front Avenue Spokane, WA 99202 509.534.6678 p 509.534.8252 f Cooperative Extension Service (CES) Washington State University Tacoma, WA 98409 206.591.7180 p United Citizens Betterment Org. (SH) P.O. Box 446 Yelm, WA 98597 360.458.7100 p 360.458.4226 f Blue Mountain Food Share (SH) West 901 Rose Walla Walla, WA 99362 509.529.3561 p 509.529.3562 f West Food Distribution Center (SH) 620 Lewis Street Wenatchee, WA 98801 509.665.0320 p 609.662.1737 f

Klickitat/Skamonia Dev. Council (SH) P.O. Box 1580 White Salmon, WA 98672 509.493.3954 p

WEST VIRGINIA South West Virginia Evangelical Assoc. (SH) P.O. Box 6 Coal Mountain, WV 24823 304.583.2104 p Mountaineer Food Bank (SH) 416 River Street Gassaway, WV 26624 304.364.5518 p 304.364.8213 f Huntington Area Food Bank, Inc. (SH) 1663 Seventh Avenue Huntington, WV 25703 304.523.6029 p 304.523.6086 f

USDA Wisconsin State Office (FSA) 6515 Watts Road, Suite 100 Madison, WI 53719 608.276.8732 Ext. 141 p 608.271.9425 f Wisconsin Harvest 1717 N. Stoughton Road Madison, WI 53704 608.246.4730 Ext. 206 p 608.246.4760 f Second Harvest Food Bank of Wisconsin (SH) 1700 W. Fond Du Lac Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53205 414.931.7400 p 414.931.1996 f Second Harvest of Fox Valley (SH) 1436 Progress Lane Omro, WI 54962 414.865.6626 p 414.685.6639 f

WYOMING

Cooperative Extension Service (CES) West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506 304.293.2694 p

Joshua’s Distribution Center (SH) 714 CY Avenue Casper, WY 82601 307.265.0242 p

USDA West Virginia State Office (FSA) 75 High Street, P.O. Box 1049 Morgantown, WV 26507 304.291.4351 p 304.291.4097 f

USDA Wyoming State Office (FSA) 951 Werner Court, Suite 130 Casper, WY 82601 307.261.5231 p 307.261.5857 f

WISCONSIN

Wyoming Food Bank, Inc. (SH) P.O. Box 5553 Cheyenne, WY 82003

Feed My People (SH) P.O. Box 1714 Eau Claire, WI 54702 715.835.9415 p Second Harvest of Southern Wisconsin (SH) 2802 Dairy Drive Madison, WI 53704 608.223.9121 p 608.223.9840 f

REFERENCES CHAPTER ONE 1 | Waste Not Want Not p. 5 5 | http://catecancook.blogspot.com 5 | Hunger in America National Report 2010 p. 117 6 | Hunger in America National Report Table 6.2.1 8 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.8.1.1 Hunger in America National Report Section 5.8.1 Hunger in America National Report Table 5.8.2.1 9 | http://www.foodbanknyc.org/food-poverty-in-nyc/ hunger-stories 10 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.8.3.1 12 | Hunger in America National Report Table 6.5.2

CHAPTER TWO 15 | Photo by Melanie Ruiz http://missionlocal. org/2011/09/new-poverty-means-lines-grow-at-foodbanks/ 16 | Hunger in America National Report 5.4.1 Hunger in America National Report Table 5.2.1 17 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.5.1 Hunger in America National Report Page 81 18 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.3.1 21 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.2.1 22 | Household Food Security in the United States, 2007 Table 8 23 | Feeding America http://feedingamerica.org/hungerin-america/hunger-facts/rural-hunger.aspx 23 |Feeding America http://feedingamerica.org/hungerin-america/hunger-facts/hunger-in-the-suburbs.aspx 23 |Hunger in America National Report Table 5.6.1 24 | Hunger in America National Report Table 5.9.1.1 28 | Hunger in America National Report Table 7.6.1

CHAPTER THREE 31 | Photo by David Greene http://www.norwoodnews. org/id=4877&story=amid-increased-hunger-and-budgetcuts-local-food-pantries-struggle/

33 | http://findingaids.princeton.edu/getEad?eadid=MC181&kw= 33 | http://www.dailyyonder.com/speak-your-piece-wedont-need-war-poverty-just-good-schools 34 | http://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/ news/2011/07/welfare-reform-at-15-years/ 34 | http://www.amistadresource.org/the_future_in_the_ present/social_and_economic_issues.html 32 | Hunger in the United States: Rationale, Methods, and Policy Implications of State Hunger Surveys by Marion Nestle and Sally Guttmacher p. 18S “U.S. Hunger Policies” 35 | A History of Food Stamps Use and Policy http:// www.nytimes.com 36 | SNAP Annual Summary http://www.fns.usda.gov/ pd/SNAPsummary.htm 37 | WIC Annual Summary http://www.fns.usda.gov/ pd/wisummary.htm 38 | “Impact of Hunger” http://feedingamerica.org/ hunger-in-america/impact-of-hunger.aspx 38 | Bread For The World “Childhood Hunger: A Time To Act” by Michele Learner 39 | The United States Conference of Mayors Hunger and Homelessness Survey p. 8 39 | http://www.amyfood.com/?p=468 44 | The United States Conference of Mayors Hunger and Homelessness Survey p. 8

CHAPTER FOUR 49 | http://easterniowagovernment.com/ files/2011/09/6762454-LAS-food-wastecomposting-09_08_2011-13.00.15.jpg 50 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 7 52 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 21 53 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 11 54 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 9 55 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 12 56 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. iii 56 | EPA Waste Not Want Not p. 19 57 | EPA Putting Surplus Food to Good Use 59 | EPA Waste Not Want Not Appendix B. p. 29 60 | “Most Wanted Items” www.capitalareafoodbank.org 71

FOOD INSECURITY EXISTS IN EVERY COUNTY IN AMERICA, RANGING FROM A LOW OF 5 PERCENT IN STEELE COUNTY, ND TO A HIGH OF 38 PERCENT IN WILCOX COUNTY, AL. FEEDINGAMERICA.ORG