Gardens of Human&nature by Gardens_of_Human&Nature

Gardens of Human&Nature ‫גנים של טבע ואדם‬

Gal Gnapp | Thesis project | Bezalel academy | 2021 Led by: Arch Ganit Mayslits Kassif, Arch Hila Shemer, Arch Igal Tartakovsky, ArchYuval Yasky

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Gardens of Human&Nature The Garden as a tool for solving urban social and ecological problems

B.Arch diploma project by Gal Gnapp "We are the Anthropocene" studio 2020-2021 winter semester Led by: Arch Ganit mayslits Kassif, Arch Hila Shemer, Arch Igal Tartakovsky "Speculative realism" studio 2020-2021 summer semester Led by: Arch Yuval Yasky

Bezalel academy of arts and design, Jerusalem, Israel. Special thanks: DR.Arch Erez Golani solomon Dr. Rachel Gottesman Arch Sarah Gensel

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Introduction The project using the garden as a tool for solving social and ecological problems in the city of Tel Aviv. In 2021, the gap between human instinct and nature was tilted, in a study by "Nature" magazine, which states that the weight of artificial objects in the world exceeds the weight of natural objects in the world. This best expresses the age in which we live in- The Anthropocene is a proposed geological epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems, including, but not limited to, anthropogenic climate change. "Gardens of nature and man" function as part of the Anthropocene era and try to understand the relationship between the natural and the artificial in the world. The aim of the project is to produce a better understanding of man's space of action in his relationship with nature. In the process, complex questions are asked in the project such as "What is natural?" "What is artificial?" And how to use each of these "tools" to solve the current problems of modern cities around the world.

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Gardens of Human&Nature Introduction

The Garden • History • Symbolisem • Garden of cities • Garden typology

Gardens of Human&Nature • Master Plan • The garden of Natural strengh- What is natural strengh? • The garden of no control- What if we unplan the city? • The garden of natural love- Whai is natural love? • The garden of pleseant death- How long can we die?

Water crisis of Tel Aviv • 100 years of floods • The depletion of open spaces in Tel Aviv • Day to day situation of the Yarkon-Ayalon drainge basin • Hard rain events in Gush Dan

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The garden of man&water • Delta expantion • Biofilter+ retention • River Meanders • Ecological sequence • Percolation areas

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From train stations to urban Drainge basins • Rainwater collection and river water management • Milano station • Rockah station Final word • Summary and Conclusions • Bibliography

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The Garden The garden as a symbol - the concept of a garden represents the

three types of landscapes: natural landscape - trying to imitate, control, protect nature: zoo, botanical garden, garden. The attempt to produce this landscape is attributed to man's desire to return to the primordial state represented by "paradise" - a place with a wild landscape, from which man was expelled after disobeying his laws, the attempt to return to the primordial / natural state represents the great paradox in the garden: the action trying to produce something natural It is itself an artificial action and therefore not possible and even expresses the destruction of man at times. (Ron, 1992) The cultural landscape is represented by garden typologies that express the character / occupation of the person: cultural gardens, sculpture gardens, playgrounds, children. (Kwa, 2005) Gardens of a city - The project takes place in Tel Aviv, which was planned as a Garden City. ‘When I examined the typologies of the gardens in Tel Aviv, I saw that there are those that refer to natural landscapes: green boulevards, squares, metropolitan natural area, beach, and there are those that refer to cultural landscapes: cemeteries, amphitheaters, sports fields, cultural gardens. The project aims to use the garden as a tool for solving urban social and ecological problems.

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Winter Garden, 1884,Van Gogh

A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, or enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature, as an ideal setting for social or solitary human life. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is control. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials.

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Garden City The physical organization of the city of Tel Aviv sought to create a city connected to its natural resources, as well as an array of avenues and public parks that would infuse nature into the city in the form of a framework that made every point in the city as close as possible to nature, without compromising urban continuity.

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Gardens of

The project offers a different perspective on the concept of a city of gardens, through which the concept of garden can be examined through the human cultural aspect and through the natural ecological aspect. From the variety of Tel Aviv garden typologies, I chose 5 sites where I designed 5 types of gardens, some dealing with natural landscapes and some with cultural landscapes. The Garden of natural strength - deals with urban natural disasters and the component of protecting the population and the thought of what cultural assets we would like to protect in such a case. The Natural Love Garden - a place that produces thought about wandering, acquaintance, and an urban hiding place that creates privacy and freedom to engage in love in the city.

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Human&Nature

The Garden of pleasant death- represents the element of death in human nature and deals with ecological burial, heritage writing, and mental preparation for leaving the world. The Garden of Man and Water - deals with the phenomenon of flooding in the city and the water show within it. The Garden of no Control - deals with the animals in the city and tries to create a place where they can move around freely and develop into larger and more diverse populations.

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The Garden of Natural strengh

Natural disasters pose an ongoing threat for which no real solution has yet been found to deal with in the modern age. Man's aspiration to defend himself and his ability to survive in the world was an important issue in the relationship between man and nature.Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, typhoons and cyclones have killed hundreds of thousands of people so far and the hand is still outstretched.In these place: "State Square", It was decided to build a unique structure that would be a shelter from a natural disaster. -22-

What is Natural strengh?

When necessary, the "state" will be able to reach this place and be saved from what will destroy the existing space. This place tries to answer the question of the threat in nature, can we defeat this threat by resilience? Is it possible to domesticate natural disasters? And what about the wonders of nature? What is important to preserve in the event of a disaster and what does a routine situation look like in a place planned for a disaster day? -23-

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The Garden of No control What if we Unplan the city? An ecological corridor is a continuous strip of open areas, which connects natural areas in various centers - including areas with a protected status, such as forests and nature reserves. Such continuous contact allows the movement of wildlife and the distribution of wild plants. An 'ecological corridor' solution is a means of sustainable development to restore the natural balance that has been disturbed by detaching one biosphere from another. ("Ecological Corridors in Practice" - Principles and Guidelines for the Planning and Interface of Ecological Corridors in Israel, RTG, 2015). This place tries to answer the question "What if we unplan the city?" How can "cages" be removed and how can hierarchical classes and orders be involved in nature? Do animals have a place in the city? How to create a space where they can move freely and yet prevent anarchy and harm them.

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The plan functions as a case study for the ability of the ecological connection in the city, its purpose is to connect two gardens - the Dovnov Garden and the city garden by using open spaces and land types suitable for diverse living details.

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Life in the public space

Rabin square| Proposed Light train Station| -1 floor -40-

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Rabin square| Proposed Light train Station| Ground floor Exits

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Rabin square| Animals & Humans Underground Passage

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Rabin square| Proposed Light train Station| Isometric view -48-

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Life in the private space

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Dovnov-zaitlin| Proposed Block scheme| Isometric view -56-

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Dovnov-zaitlin| Proposed Block scheme| Long section

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Dovnov-zaitlin| Proposed Block scheme|Wide section

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Dovnov-zaitlin| Proposed Block scheme|Interior view -62-

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The Garden of Natural love Why love? [Is the answer] This Garden tries to answer the question of the relevance of 'natural' love in the modern age, An era in which relationships are forged through smart apps, reality shows with "experts" and matchmaking sites that try to study human nature and give as accurate an indication as possible of its suitability for another person. Here,In "the Garden of natural love", I will try to answer the question of natural love in the city. Is there an ultimate space for finding love? For building relationships?

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Habima square| “Why LOVE [is the answer]?The garden of natural love”

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Habima square| “Why LOVE [is the answer]?The garden of natural love”| Roof plan -70-

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Habima square| “Why LOVE [is the answer]?The garden of natural love”| Long section -72-

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Habima square| “Why LOVE [is the answer]?|The garden of natural love”| isometric view -74-

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The Garden of plesent death

“Fate is determined by God, luck is the will of the gods, … These came after these, and others following their predecessors. Above - the house where they lived during their lives, in Sheol - the house where they lived forever, As the heavens are far off, so no one can reach them, Life is just a wink, human life is not` forever..." "The Ballad of Heroes from the Past" It is clear to everyone that the end will come at one point or another, but we still live our lives with the feeling that every day is one of many kinds -76-

How long can we die?

and do not think about it, and perhaps, it's better that way. In old age, it is natural that many of us will begin to think more tangibly about the end of the battle and gather in anxiety. Here, in the cemetery on Trumpeldor Street, the Garden is trying to answer the question of dealing with death as a natural component of our lives, how can we prepare for death? How can we spend our last days in the world in the best way? And what will our heritage look like after we leave the world? -77-

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Hospis in israel| Tel Hashomer | Ada Karmi Melamed architects

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Before Death1 Year to 10 Days "The dying patient law states that a dying patient is interested in living" unless proven otherwise.

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Recompose- Natural organic redoction to transform human remains into soil -90-

Death1 Day to 1 Year

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Afterlife1 Day to 5000 Years

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Problem: "..we're running out of natural.."

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The natural resources of the city dwindled and the open spaces in it became more and more industrialized, ones surrounded by buildings and people, the animals and water almost completely disappeared from them.

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The open space of the city is a dwindling resource. In 2025, this area will reach 5.9% of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, these areas are essential for the relationship between man and nature, their reduction is something that raises the need to preserve open spaces, return nature to the city and create open and quality spaces. -112-

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PumpingVS drainage

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The effluent is filtered in water treatment centers and returned in a controlled manner to the drainage basin through the rivers.

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First rain in theYarkon in the winter of 2020-21

Floods in Ashkelon, 2015

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The runoff water drains with the water movement of the river towards the sea but the water flow is too large so it's stock at the end of the system. The water level starts to rise and the water "returns" towards the drainage source which causes the rivers to overflow. The municipal drainage system fails to drain the runoff and effluent water that is supposed to drain through it and at the same time the river that is supposed to drain the water of that system overflows and floods the municipal system. The rivers overflow and flood built-up areas. Beyond that, the flow rate increases and a lot of pollution is swept into the sea.

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The Garden of man&Water The proposed design produces a new plan for managing the Yarkon water and its immediate surroundings by using scenic tools and structural structures at several points along the park. The proposed plan deals with a number of points for development and planning which work according to the planning principles I have formulated.The first principle is to increase the delta of the river from the existing section, to a wider new section which "pushes" the water into the depths of the continent. The second principle is water storage and cleaning pools, which allow swimming in the Yarkon water and restoring the confidence of the residents in this place.The third principle is the meanders of the river. This principle exists by inserting a new water channel into the Tel Aviv port and creating a Yarkon funnel that enlarges the river opening towards the sea and allows a new and pleasant-looking natural environment.

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Yarkon river The fourth principle is an ecological sequence. In the Yarkon Park, there are many ecological environments with diverse living details and plants.The problem is that those natural environments are disturbed by roads, bridges and concreted areas that traverse the park and natural space.In this section I propose to create a connection between those ecological environments with the help of natural connections.To uphold this principle a natural substrate is proposed instead of riding car park that allows for variety and ecological continuity.

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Nature for display The garden tries to paint as real a picture of nature as possible and to avoid an indirect image or representation of it. The way to do this is to understand the elements of nature in the garden environment and create a space where it can exist.

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A story of a river

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How it was in the past?

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What have we done?

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Where are we going?

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Existing state model of the Yarkon Delta

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Proposed new sections of the Yarkon Delta

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Delta borders

Drainage channels

Built buffers

Natural buffers

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-Urban biofilter pool east view-

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-Urban biofilter pool interior view-

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-Yarkon Paninsula west view-

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-Renature Riding view-

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From train stations to drainage basins The fifth and final principle is the creation of infiltration environments that allow the absorption of rainwater. This principle is made possible following new laws of the Tel Aviv Municipality, which stipulate that in areas where there are mass transportation systems, parking standards are reduced.In this section I offer a train station which is located on the future green line of the light rail at the entrance to Tel Aviv via Ibn Gabirol. During the year the station draws water from the river and transfers the water to drainage basins located at the other train stations on the line, during extreme rainfall events the water accumulates in the funnels spread along the building and collects water into containers on the sides of the building. When the whole building fills with water they spill out of the tribune stands on the river bank towards the drainage basins. Beyond that, the program produces other important values including the creation of a new entrance to the city which sanctifies the public space with a wide roof, balconies with river views and walking / cycling paths that prioritize the pedestrian over the vehicle and allow an alternative to entering the city. In addition, the plan allows a connection between the the southern and northern sides of the Yarkon River.

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Story board 1

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-Yarkon train station promenade view-

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-Yarkon train station wet promenade view-

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-Yarkon train station interior terminal view-

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Story board 1

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Final word I hope the project has managed to understand a little bit about the relationship between nature and man in the modern age. As a future architect who is entrusted with the construction of new spaces I think the ability to understand the complexity of the space and the environmental impacts of that construction on nature and man alike is critical to my work. I think architecture has the power to solve social problems that have existed in modern cities in recent years, and yet, the architect's great motivation to do good to the world should exist alongside the understanding that sometimes the most important action is inaction. "Gardens of Human and Nature" was for me a fascinating study of the ecological processes that take place in the city and which are created as a result of human and nature actions within it, I can only hope that even the smallest part of it will pass to those who experience this project through the Camera lens I drew. I believe and hope that the values I raised in this project will be reflected again in the architectural actions I will carry out in the future as a planner of living spaces. -Gal Gnapp-

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‫‪Bibliography‬‬ ‫‪1. Kwa, C. (2005). Alexander von Humboldt's invention of the natural‬‬ ‫‪landscape. he European Legacy, 149-162.‬‬ ‫‪2. Sauer, C. O. (1925). The Morphology of Landscape.‬‬ ‫‪3. University of California Publications in Geography, 37.‬‬ ‫‪4. Turner, T. (2005). Garden history : philosophy and design. Garden‬‬ ‫‪history : philosophy and design.‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬מוריה‪ ,‬י‪ & ,.‬ברניר‪ ,‬ס‪ .)2003( .‬ברשות הרבים‪ .‬תל אביב‪ :‬מוזיאון תל אביב‬ ‫לאומנויות‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬מרום‪ ,‬נ‪ .)2009( .‬עיר עם קונספציה‪ .‬תל אביב‪ :‬בבל‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬סגל‪ ,‬ג‪ .‬א‪ .)2016( .‬תכנית אב לטבע עירוני בתא‪-‬יפו‪ .‬תל אביב‪ :‬עיריית תל‬ ‫אביב‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬רוזן‪ ,‬ד‪ .‬ס‪ .)2003( .‬שינוי מפלס הים ובחינת ההשלכות על מצב חופי הים‬ ‫התיכון של ישראל‪ .‬המחלקה לגיאולוגיה ימית ותהליכים חופיים‪ ,‬חקר ימים‬ ‫ואגמים לישראל‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .9‬רון‪ ,‬ע‪ .)1992( .‬הגן כסמל‪ In .‬גן ונוף (‪.)pp. 29-31‬‬ ‫‪ .10‬רשות נחל הירקון‪ .)2019( .‬דוח מצב הירקון ‪ .2019‬תל אביב‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .11‬רשות נחל הירקון‪ .)2020( .‬תכנית אב לאגן נחל הירקון‪ .‬תל אביב‪ :‬רשות‬ ‫נחל הירקון‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .12‬תוכנית עיר בניין תל אביב יפו‪ .)1946( .‬תל אביב‪.‬‬

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