glossary_of_standardised_terms_5 by gedun dhonyoe

{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü Glossary of Standardised Terms

º²Ûm-BôP.ü hPôÅ-D¤Åü Ç¨m-¯ÛÅü ¯Û-ÁÛP.ü Administration, Physics, Medicine, Astrology, & Botany

hïz-yïP-¿S-qü Serial 5

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü hzÞÅ-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ˆÛ-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü Tibetan Terminology Project, Department of Education/CTA 2012

{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü hïz-yïP-¿S-qü (PïÅ-±ÛG-¤Z¤-£GÅü)

uÛ-Ez-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü Í®×$-;©-Ç¨ôm-¾¤ü ¯ô¤-OÛG-¾Å-¼ôGÅü Íô-Mm-zÇem-º²Ûmü zÇem-º²Ûm-fïG-¤VôG »ï-ÁïÅ-zÇem-º²Ûmü ±ï-¼ÛP-hôm-Iâzü ;¤-qÞ‡¼-uÛ-Oô¤-¾¤-Çeôm-qü qj¨-º²ô¤Å-BÛhü

Glossary of Standardised Terms

Serial 5

(with Tibetan definitions)

Chief editor: Acharya Karma Monlam Assistant editors: Ogyen Tenzin, Tenzin Thegchok, Yeshi Tenzin, Tsering Dhondup Database consultant: Pema Zomkyi

ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü zl-Vh-hïz-yïP-¿-S qü q¼-GŸÛ-hP-qôü 2012 hïz-IPÅü 5000

q¼-Cæm-hP-±ôP-ºIï¤Åü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP.ü

Printing & distribution

TTP Serial 5 First edition 2012 5000 copies

Sherig Parkhang/TCRPC

hïz-yïP-ÇômS -¤-n¤Å-ÁïÅ-¼GÛ -i-Ô GmÅ- www.sherig.org/tb ¾-G¸ÛGÅü ^ïm-¤×@-GŸÝP-GÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-»¼-MÅ-¼ôGÅ-ºV¼-mÅ-;ô-qïm-Èï-Gm-G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-I-Ô Vïm¤ôºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤Z¤-£ï¾-hP-ÁïÅ-»ôm-¿ïe-GmÅ-DP-zMãh-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-GmP-ü Supported by: Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA) through Centre for International Cooperation & Education (CICED), University College, Copenhagen, Denmark.

VïÅ-¤fôºÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü hzÞÅ-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±zü ¶×-¼×-a-ÅÛ-zôh-ˆÛ-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP-GÛÇ+Ý-±zü jË-Å-zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±zü jË-Å-zôh-yâG-EÛ¤-ÇkïºÛ-Ç+Ý-±zü ÁïÅ¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qºÛ-uÛ-Ez-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü

Ç+zÅ-¿S-qºÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü hGï-zÁïÅ-¿ËG-lô¼-¾GÅü ±ôGÅ-G®ôü Ç¨m-¼¤Å-q-qj¨-lô-Xï-¾GÅü ±ôGÅ-¤Ûü „Àô-z¸P-mô¼-zÞ-ÁÙÇœÛ-¾GÅü ±ôGÅ-¤Ûü „Àô-z¸P-zÇem-h¼-¾GÅü ±ôGÅ-¤Ûü Í×®×$-;©-Ç¨ôm-¾¤ü ±ôGÅ-¤Û-hP-±ôGÅ-iâP-GTÛG-¿UôGÅü

h;¼-VG hïz-yïP-hP-qôºÛ-Vïh-zXôhü.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Pô-vôh-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅü...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii ¯-º²Ûm-¾¤-Çeômü...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . x ÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP-hP-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-Çkï-DG.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi ¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-q-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zÇkÝ-»ÛG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhü hP-qôü º²Ûm-BôP.hP.ü hPôÅ-D¤Å-ˆÛ-zl-Vhü . . . . . . . . . . 1 GZÛÅ-qü Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-hP-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-zl-Vhü.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-DG ....................................................................................................................... . . . . 173

vii

Pô-vôh-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅü zôh-ˆ-Û Çh+ -»GÛ -ÆPâ -Bzô -hP-GPô -ºwï¾-ÇhÀ -Mmã -uhô -hP-hPï -¼zÅ-ˆ-Û ¼GÛ -±m-Ç-o ±Gô Å-qºÛ-f-Çh‰ -n¤Å-GTÛGHã¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hGôÅ-G¾-¾-ÅôP.ü z;º-ÁG-GÛ-G®ô-BôP-ºôG zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP-hP.ü zôhGŸÝP-¹ôÅ-G¼ü zôh-GŸÝP-Çm¨ -¯ÛÅ-DP.ü jË-Å-zôh-yâG-EÛ¤-Çïkü mô¼-JÛPÀ -zôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GŸÝP-GTïÅ-BôPDP.ü ¼ÛGÅ-¾¤-ÇôÀz-GZï¼-DP.ü ÁïÅ-‚-;mÝ -zbàÅ-¯ô¤-OGÛ -DP.ü ¶¼-a-zôh-ˆ-Û G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-GZï¼DP.ü ÆôP-z®m-hqï-¤²ôh-DP.ü Í-¥ïÅ-©-Vïm-zôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GŸÝP-ŸÛz-ºWâG-DP.ü xÛ-iÛ¾-ÁïÅ-‚-hPzôh-¤ÛºÛ-¼P-hzP-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü zôh-ˆÛ-¯ô¤-q-qôºÛ-¤fÞm-±ôGÅü zôh-ˆÛ-hÝÅ-zz-GÅ¼-DP.ü D-z-h;¼qô-zôh-ˆ-Û ¼GÛ -GŸÝP-ÆhÛ -Ÿ-Ý DP-zTÅ-ˆ-Û hzÞ-º²Ûm-m¤-Ç-Ý+ ±z-n¤-qºÛ-fôG h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Ghm-Ÿ-Ý ‚Å-qºÛ¤DÅ-hzP- Prof. Ramesh Chandra Tiwari, Prof. Krishna Nath, Prof. Suniti Kumar Pathak, Shri Jeet Sen Negi Ço¼-Bh Û -PG-hzP-hôm-Izâ ü Q-q-VôÅ-IGÅ-zTÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ˆ-Û z;ºzÇkÝ¼-Çz+ Åü 1]¾Å-ºV¼-HÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛºviiiÛ-z;ôh-OÛG 2]f-Çh‰ -Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zMãh-¾¤-hPEz-Çït¾-‚-fzÅü 3]zl-Vh-GÅ¼-z¸ô-hP-ºhï¤Å-Åï¾-HÛ-¯-º²Ûm-¾¤-Çôemü 4]¤Þ-¤fÞh-D-Çô+P‚-fzÅ-zTÅ-ˆÛ-Çô+¼-xÛ-¾ô- 2004 ¾ô¼-ZÛm-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-z;º-zÇkÝ¼-GmP-zºÛ-ÇÛ‰P-hôm-¿¼e ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG¾Å-DÞPÅ-mÅ-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-z;º-ÁG-¾-Çm‰ -ºzÞ¾-ŸÝÅ-q¼-xÛ-¾ô- 2005 ¾ô-¤Gô¼-¾GzÇe¼-‚-ºfÞÅ-z;º-ºFô¾-fôz-¤-fG-¤Z¤-ŸGÝ Å-Çïk-DG-G-Û ¾Å-‚ïh-zTô-¿¼S -¸z-¢ôP.ü Mã-V-hP-¤fÞmAïm-¤Dô-Ozæ ü ÁïÅ-¾Å-ˆ-Û ºƒï¾-»ôh-±m-q¼-¾Å-‚ïh-fzÅ-º±ô¾ü ¤DÅ-qºÛ-ÇôzÀ -Çôme -±ôGÅ-VPß -z;ôhOÛG ¤Z¤-ŸGÝ Å-Çïk-DG-Åô-Åô¼-¼GÛ -±m-zGô-ºIï¤Å-hP.ü ¾G-zÇe¼-¾¤-Çôemü ºIô-Iôm-¤fÞm-¢ô¼ÅôGÅ-©P-GŸÛº-Û z;ôh-OGÛ -h¤-mm-hP-zTÅ-hPôÅ-Å-Þ ¾Å-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-q-mÅ-z¸ÞP-h-¿ºe -Û z¼-º²Ûm-BPô .hPü hPôÅ-D¤Åü μÅ-¢ô¼ü GÅô-z-¼ÛG-qü Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü Bï-hPôÅü ¯Û-ÁÛP-ü Å-hrh-¼ÛG-qü Åï¤ÅˆÛ-±m-¼ÛG ÍP-¯ÛÅü ¹ôÅ-G¼-hP-¼ô¾-¤ôü V-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¾G-¯¾-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-zl-Vh-¸Ûmviii

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¾Å-ºV¼-HÛ-¯-º²Ûm-¾¤-Çeômü 1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü 5ü 6ü

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¤±m-GmÅü ¶-a-¤fô-ÇÀôz-O-Nå¼-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü jË-Å-hqï-¤²ôh-ˆÛ-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü ¶-a-¤fô-ÇÀôz-O-Nå¼-¯ô¤-OÛG-¾Å-¼ôGÅü Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü jË-Å-hqï-¤²ôh-ˆÛ-±m-¼ÛG-ºGm-º²Ûmü

ºhÛ¼-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-Çkï-DG OÛG-º²âGÅü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü

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zŸÝGÅ-GmÅü ¶-¼-a-ÅÛü jË-¼¤-Å-¾ü ¶-¼-a-ÅÛü jË-¼¤-Å-¾ü jË-¼¤-Å-¾ü

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Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP-wz-Nå¼-±m-qü Ç¨m-μÅ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-±m-qü Ç+¼-¯ÛÅ-Çkï-±mü

ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü 1ü Íô-Mm-zÇem-º²Ûmü 2ü zÇem-º²Ûm-fïG-¤VôG 3ü »ï-ÁïÅ-zÇem-º²Ûmü 4ü ±ï-¼ÛP-hôm-Iâzü

¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü ¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü ¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü ¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü

xii

¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-q-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG Abbreviations

acc.

Accountancy

adm.

Administration

aeron.

Aeronautical

agric.

Agriculture

alg.

Algebra

anat.

Anatomy

anthrop.

Anthropology

archaeol.

Archaeology

archit.

Architecture

astrol.

Astrology

astron.

Astronomy

arith.

Arithmetic

aviat.

Aviation

bacteriol.

Bacteriology

biochem.

Biochemistry

biol.

Biology

bind.

Book Binding

bot.

Botany

ca.

cultural anthropology

chem.

Chemistry

cine.

Cinematography

xiii

¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü º²Ûm-BôP-ü Gm¤-I-â z¸ô-z;ôh-ˆ-Û ¼GÛ -GmÅü Åô-m¤-ŸPÛ -¾Åü ±z-¯ÛÅü ‚P-DôG-¾ÅÞ -fGÛ ¤Û-¼GÛ Å-hrh-ŸzÛ -¼GÛ -qü Gmº-hÅÝ -ˆ-Û Á¾Ý -μÅ-hrh-¼GÛ DP-z¸ô-hP-Í¼-¾Å-ˆÛ-z;ôh-qü Ç+¼-¯ÅÛ ü Gm¤-¼GÛ ÍP-¯ÛÅü Gm¤-Iºâ -Û ¼GÛ -¯¾ü y-ÆmÛ -hrh-¼GÛ Bï-hPôÅ-μÅ-¢ô¼ü Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü hqï-hïz-ºGô-º±ï¤Åü ¯Û-ÁPÛ -¼GÛ -qü ¼ÛG-GŸÝP-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛzü μÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü JÀôG-z½‰m-¾Å-¼GÛ

com

Commerce

comn.

Communication

compt. sc.

Computer Science

dent.

Dentistry

eco.

Ecology

econ.

Economics

edu.

Education

electr.

Electrical

embryol.

Embryology

engn.

Engineering

etymol.

Etymology

entomol.

Entomology

environ.

Environment

gene.

Genetics

geog.

Geography

geol.

Geology

geom.

Geometry

gym.

Gymnastics

his.

Historical

hort.

Horticulture

jrn.

Journalism

law.

Law

lib.

Library

ling.

Linguistics

lit.

Literature

xiv

±ôP-¼ÛG zl-ºyÛmü ;¤-q-Þ ‡¼-±m-¼GÛ ÅôºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅü Çoôh-zTßh-¼GÛ -qü hq¾-º‚ô¼ü ÁïÅ-»ômü JÀôG £æ¤-ÆÛP-hrh-¼ÛG z¸ô-¼GÛ -ºV¼-ºGôhü f-Çh‰ -¼GÛ -qü ºzÞ-ÆmÛ -hrh-¼GÛ Dô¼-»ÞG ¼ÛGÅ-Mmã -hrh-ŸzÛ -¼GÛ -qü Å-MÅã -¼GÛ -qü Å-D¤Å-¼GÛ -qü fÛG-z;ôh-¯ÅÛ -¼GÛ ¯¾-¢ôP-¼GÛ -GmÅü ¾ô-MãÅü ‚ÝP-¼zÅü Bïh-±¾-¾Å-¼GÛ Åü GÅ¼-ºGôh-¾Å-¼GÛ Åü FÛ¤Å-¾GÞ Åü hqï-¤²ôhü Ç+h-¼GÛ Å-¼GÛ -GmÅü ¯ô¤-¼GÛ -N-å ¯¾ü

math.

Mathematics

mech.

Mechanic(al)

med.

Medicine

metall.

Metallurgy

meteor.

Meteorology

mil.

Military

mine.

Mineralogy

mus.

Music

myth.

Mythology

naut.

Nautical

nav.

Naval

numis.

Numismatics

opt.

Optical

ornith.

Ornithology

paint.

Painting

palaeon.

Paleontology

parl.

Parliamentary

path.

Pathology

phil.

Philosophy

phon.

Phonetics

photo.

Photography

phys.

Physics

physiol.

Physiology

poet.

Poetics

pol.

Politics

¯ÛÅ-ˆ-Û ¼GÛ -GmÅü ºyâ¾-¼GÛ -z¸ô-¾Åü Ç¨m-hP-Çm¨ -zTôÅü ¿UGÅ-¼GÛ -hrh-ŸzÛ -¼GÛ -GmÅü Gm¤-GÁÛÅ-zdG-hrhü h¤G-hqÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zl-Vhü Gbï¼-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü ¼ô¾-¤ôü ¿Ë-OPæ -ü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-hP-V-ß ºIâ¾-¾Å-¼GÛ Åü ¤±ô-h¤G ‡¤-;ºÛ-z;ôh-¼GÛ Åü ºôh-hP-ÇoP-Áï¾ü ºhz-VGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG ¿Ë-ƒÛÅ-hP-¼Û-¤ôü Ghôh-¤ºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü IôÅ-±ôGÅü mh-hP-mh-ˆÛ-GZïm-qô-zÇeïm-fzÅü ¿e-z-hP-Iâz-¤fºÛ-zl-Vhü O-GhPÅ-¼GÛ -qü z½‰m-q¼-¼ÛG-qü hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-hrh-¼GÛ Ç‰m-PG ÆÛh-hômü xv

prn.

Printing

psy-anal.

Psychoanalysis

psycho.

Psychology

pub.

Publications

rhet.

Rhetorics

rel.

Religion

rockt.

Rocketry

sculpt.

Sculpture

seism

Seismology

soc.

Sociology

sport.

Sports

stat.

Statistics

surg.

Surgery

tech.

Technical

technol.

Technology

telecom.

Telecommunications

theatr.

Theatrical

theol.

Theology

trans.

Transportation

trig.

Trigonometry

typo.

Typography

vet.

Veterinary

Weapn. zool.

Weaponry Zoology

xvi

q¼-Cæmü Åï¤Å-D¤Å-hrh-¼GÛ zÅ¤-„ôÀºÛ-±m-¼ÛG q¼-Cmæ -¾Å-¼GÛ Åü Mm-HÛ-zÇem-zTôÅü VôÅ-¾GÞ Åü ¤ï-ÁGÝ Å-w¼Þ -¤hºÛ-¼GÛ -¯¾ü @ôÅ-h=ô¾-¼ÛG-qü Å-»ô¤-hrh-¼ÛG uÛ-±ôGÅ-¼ÛG-qü ¯ïh-¼ÛGÅü Çkô¤Å-zÁhü GÁG-zTôÅü ºyÝ¾-¾Å-hP-z¸ô-¾Å-¾G-¯¾ü z¸ô-¯¾-¼GÛ -qü MP-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼GÛ Åü ¹ôÅ-G¼ü ¿Ëº-Û n¤-GŸG ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾ü ¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-¯ÅÛ -¼GÛ ¿UGÅ-q¼-OGÛ -z;ôhü xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛG Gô-¤±ômü ÆôG-VGÅ-±m-¼GÛ

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT

º²Ûm-BôP-zl-Vhü ADMINISTRATIVE TERMS

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü

TIBETAN TEREMINOLOGY PROJECT PUBLICATION CELL (DEPT. OF EDUCATION)

Administration absolutism

acculturation

acid test

act of state

activism

activist

advance estimate

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÆÛh-hzP-ÇïK¼-GTôh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-mP-hÝ-ºfÞÅ-ÇôK-±P-ŸÛP-h¤iG-¤ïh-qºÛ-hzP-V-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïhqºÛ-¿-e ¾ÞGÅü ¼ÛG-GŸÝP-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Åü ¾ïGÅ-‚P-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Åü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾ïGÅ-‚P-ŸÛG¾-Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-‚ïh-qºÛzMãh-¼Û¤ü

¤f¼-fÞG-GÛ-hrh-qü ¤f¼- T-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-fPhrôhü ºGPÅ-Vï-zºÛ-hrh-qü mm-HÛÅ-ºW¾-zü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-‚-GŸG GŸÝP¾Åü

¤Û-ÇKï¼-HÛ-ºGm-hzP-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-qºÛÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸGÛ -G-Û PôÅ-ˆ-Û ¾G-zÇe¼ŸÛG

Èà¼-z¯ôm-¼P-zŸÛmü

Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-qÇeïü Vz-ÆÛh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-hP.ü ¾ÅºGÝ¾-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z¼-ŸÝGÅ-q-hPMz-Bô¼-ÅôGÅ-‚ïh-qü

Èà¼-z¯ôm-Tmü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-qü Vz-ÆÛh-hP-uÛ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-ºwô-ºHã¼fh-»Ûh-VïÅ-zdm-qô-z¸ÞP-ŸÛP.ü hï¿eºÛ-ºwô-ºHã¼-»ôP-Vïh-ºzh-z¯ômÁÝGÅ-Vï-‚ïh-¤Dmü ¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-ÇS-¤ü

¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛ-M¾-mP-fôm-BïhxôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-¯ÛÅ-MG-Çz+ Å-ˆÛºhÅ-¤-fG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼ôz-¯ÛÅÁÛG w¾-Vï-z-¹-z-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôh¯ÛÅ-Çm‰ -fôü aegis

¤Gô-ºhômü BzÅ-ºôG

hzP-V-hP-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛÆâP-Bôz-hP-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü

affluent

º‚ô¼-¿kmü

º‚ô¼-z-hP-¿mk -q-Çïeü º‚ô¼-¿mk -HÛ-uÛ±ôGÅ-mÛ-T-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾ôPÅ-uôhº²ô¤Å-q-ŸÛG-»Ûmü

aggregate

Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-¤Dô-vôhü

hq¾-º‚ô¼-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-hP¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-fôm-Bïh-ˆÛ-uÛ-ºzô¼-bïü uÛ»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-zÇ+ôP-Vïh-xÛ¼-±ôPhP-mP-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-±ßhü

GŸm-wm-HÛ-zÅ¤-qü GŸmwmü

GŸm-HÛ-zhï-hôm-HÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¼P-ZÛh-„ÀôÅGbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿e-¾ÞGÅü

FÛ¤Å-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-¤ïh-¼ÛP¾ÞGÅü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hzP-V-¯-¤ïh-z¸ôz¼-ÁÝGÅ-Çôom-MG-qºÛ-ºhôh-±ß¾-ŸÛG

annexation

¹-OÛ¾ü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-Mz-Dz-GŸm-ŸÛGG¤ü Å-GmÅ-ÁÛG-zhG-z¸ÞP-‚ïh-qºÛ‚-uôhü

anthropology

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü

¤ÛºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚ïh-q-Çïeü G®ôzô-Ghôh-¤ºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-‚ãP-z-¾-ŸÛzºWâG-‚ïh-q¼-Gôü

supply

altruism

anarchism

Administration anti-clericalism

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

VôÅ-ÇkïºÛ-fï-‚ãÅ-¾-ºGôG-Lô¾ü M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-OÛGº²âGÅ-Tm-HÛ-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ÁÝGÅAïm-»ôP-z¼-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛP¾ÞGÅü h¤¼-qôºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ºGôGLô¾ü

h¤¼-qôºÛ-¿e-z-¾-Mz-ºG¾ü

±ôP-GZï¼-GÝ-»PÅ-zTºFÛ¤Åü

¼P-hzP-GÛÅ-±ôP-¾Å-¾-z¼-Vh‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇïK¼-hzP-GTÛG-uôh-ˆÛ-±ôP¾Å-hôm-GZï¼-z-ºGôG-Vïh-z¸ôÅqºÛ-uÛ-¤fÞm-¤Pº-Çïk-hP-M¾-DzÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅü

apologist

hG-Åï¾-‚ïh-qôü

VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-hP-ü hh-Ÿïmü ¿e-IâzzTÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-Vïh-Gb¤-zÁh-‚ïhqº¤-¯ô¤-»ÛG-ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-¤Dmü

arms control

Gô-¤±ôm-ÇePÅ-º²Ûmü

GZÛÅ-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-IôGÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ¾¤-mÅ-¤±ôm-Vº¤ü h¤G-hqÞPGÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-n¤-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ¾-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

¤fÞm-xôGÅ-¤Z¤-OÛ¾-¯FÛ¤Åü

uÛ-¾ô-1781 ¾ô¼-Í-¼ÛºÛ-¤Û-Åï¼Çtï¾-»Þ¾-zTß-GÅÞ¤-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-¯FÛ¤Å-bïü uÛ-¾ô-1789 ¾ô¼-Í-¼ÛM¾-»ôPÅ-¯-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-Pô-zô¼-zTôÅü

anti-communism

anti-trust laws

articles of Confederation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

atheism

¿Ë-¤ïh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¿Ë-¤ïh-q¼-¬-zºÛ-¿e-Iâzü

autarky

hq¾-º‚ô¼-¼P-ºhP.ü

GŸm-¾-¤Û-¿eôÅ-q¼-¼P-A-fÞz-qºÛ-M¾mP-hq¾-º‚ô¼ü

autonomy

¼P-BôP-ü

Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºhôh-qº¤-‚-GŸG-¾-¼P-hzP¿km-qº¤ü Åô-ÅôÅ-ÆÛh-hzP-BôP-zºÛ-uÛ±ôGÅ-ÁÛG

balance of

ÇeôzÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hô-¤Z¤ü

M¾-Dz-DG-mP-DÞ¾-hÝ-h¤G-hqÞP-zGôºIï¤Å-‚ïh-q-hP-ü wm-±ßm-ºG¾-¹¼Hã¼-qÅ-M¾-Dz-ÅÞ-¾-»P-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛºhôh-hôm-zOæz-Mãº¤-GŸm-hG-hzPNå¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇôezÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ºhP-PïÅ-¤ïhqü

ºWÛGÅ-hPPÅ-hô-¤Z¤ü

M¾-Dz-DG-GÛ-mP-lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-VEz-Gh¾-hÝ-ÅôP-»ôh-qÅ-hI-¾m-ÇÀôGq¼-ºWÛGÅ-ÇPo -GÛÅ-M¾-Dz-ÅÞÅ-ˆPiG-Lô¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºGô-¤Û-¯ô¤-qü

balkanisation

hÝ¤-zÞ¼-zGô-zü h‚ï-º‚ïhü

Å-DÞ¾-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-wm-±ßm-¤Û¤fÞm-qºÛ-ÁôG-DG-hÝ-¤¼-zGô-fzÅü

belligerency

h¤G-ŸGÝ Å-GmÅ-zzÅü

h¤G-Å¼-ŸÝGÅ-¤Dm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe ÅÅ¤-GmÅ-zzÅü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-¸ÞP-¿mk -HÛ-ÆÛhGŸÝP.ü

FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-¿Ëm-DP-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-ÆÛhGŸÝP-ŸGÛ

power

balance of terror

bicameral government

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

h‚ãG-qºÛ-¤fô-Gmômü h‚ãGÁïhü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-vôhfzÅ-¾-uôh-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hP-h¤GhqÞP-G-Û iG-ÁGÝ Åü

bigotry

º²Ûm-q-Í-ºfÅü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-hP-ü hh¤ôÅ-Å¤-»P-m-ºhôh-±ß¾-ÅôGÅŸïm-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

black

mG-Ÿïmü

¼P-ZÛh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-mG-qô-ŸÛG-»Ûm-qºÛPôÅ-º²Ûm-hP-Ÿïm-DôG

block voting

Çkï-DG-ºôÅ-ºwïmü

ÁôG-DG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-ÁôG-DG-hïºÛ±ôGÅ-¤Û-WÛ-»ôh-ˆÛ-±z-‚Å-bï-ºôÅÁôG-ºwïm-±ß¾ü

brigandage

¼Û-WG

¼Û-Fôh-hP-mGÅ-GÅïz-bà-»ôh-qºÛWG-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

lawgiver

FÛ¤Å-¢mÛ -¤Dmü

FÛ¤Å-Æô¾-Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-¤Dm-HÛGP-¸G

legion

hqÞP-Çïkü hqÞP-±ôGÅü

@P-h¤G-GÛ-hqÞP-DG-bà-GbôGÅqºÛ-h¤G-GÛ-hqÞÞP-DG-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-Çïeü Eh-q¼-hÝ-Gmº-zôºÛ-¼Û¤-HÛ-@Ph¤G-¾-Gôü

legislation

FÛ¤Åü zTº-FÛ¤Åü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾h¤ÛGÅ-bïü IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅGbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-

big stick

consciousness

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

G¤-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-xôGÅ-zÇkÝÅ-ÁÛG-¾¸ï¼ü FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

ŸÛP-Vïm-m¤-¤Pº-Çkï-Åô-ÅôºÛ-FÛ¤Å¾ÞGÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hzP-±h-Tm-HÛºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝü

FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-¿Ëm-DP.ü

M¾-Dz-D-ÁÅ-mP-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-z¸ô-zºÛOÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤ü ¯-FÛ¤Å-¾-Çïk-±mGZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mP-G-Û GTÛG

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºôG-¤ü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-D-ÁÅ-mP-Çkï-±m-GZÛÅ-ÅÞh‚ï-»ôh-qºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-Çïeü Vz-ÆÛhˆÛ-hzP-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-z-»ôh-qºÛ-Çïk-±mü

1ü ¤Û-¼ÛGÅü 2ü M¾-Dzü

1ü fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ-Çh+ -»ÛG-hP-¾ïGÅ-‚P-ü Gô¤Å-GÁÛÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-zTÛPÅ-qºÛIPÅ-ºzô¼-Vï-zºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG 2ü GŸÝP-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-ºôG-»ôhqºÛ-Å-Eôm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤Û¤P.ü

nation building

M¾-Dz-º²âGÅ-Cæmü

h¤G-ºFâG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-M¾-DzTÛG-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hP-ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ©P-GŸÛ-zB¼-GÅôº¤-zB¼-Cæm-‚ïh-qü

national debt

M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-zÞ-¾ômü

M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-PôÅ-mÅ-ºW¾hGôÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-zÞmü

legislative assembly

legislative council

lower chamber

nation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

national interest

M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-Dï-wmü

M¾-Dz-uÛ-»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-Dï-wm-hPôÅü

national liberation

zTÛPÅ-z=ô¾-M¾-Dzü

¤Û-Åï¼-Çtï¾-zºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-Å¤ü z®m-Gmôm-HÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-GP-¼ÞPŸÛG-GÛ-¤Pº-ºôG-mÅ-M¾-Dz-TÛG¾-¼P-hzP-fôz-qü

nationalism

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü M¾-Ÿïmü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-Ÿïm-q-h;¼ŸÛP-¿ËG-zÅ¤-hG-qºÛ-¿-e ¾ÞGÅü

nationalization

GŸÝP-zŸïÅü

Å-V-hP-z¸ô-IºÔ Û-¼ÛGÅ-M¾-Dz-TÛGGÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-ºôG-¾ïm-qü

natural rights

¼P-zŸÛm-HÛ-fôz-fP.ü

¼P-zŸÛm-VôÅ-ZÛh-ˆÛ-hGï-¤±m-¾ÅIâz-qºÛ-fôz-fP-GP-¼ÞP.ü

»Þ¾-¤Û¼-z®ßh-fzÅü M¾DôPÅ-Å-Þ ºWâG-qü

xÛ-M¾-HÛ-¤Û-¾-¤Û-Åï¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-hPzhG-hzP-°ô¾-fzÅü

negotiation

IôÅ-¤ô¾ü

ºV¤-¤fÞm-»ôP-xÛ¼-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-qü

nepotism

Zï-hGº-xôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü

EÛ¤-±P-GÛ-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-V-mÅ-±ôP-hPVz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-xôGÅ-Ÿïm‚ïh-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

xôGÅ-¼ÛÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü z¼-GmÅ-ˆ-Û ¼P-zŸÛmü

M¾-Dz-GŸm-hG-wm-±ßm-h¤GºFâG-MG-qºÛ-mP-¤Û-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-M¾Dz-TGÛ -G-Û ÆhÛ -WÅâ -Å¤-GmÅ-zzÅü

naturalization

neutrality

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hqï¼-m-ÅÞ-²¼-¾m-^Û-¿e-zÞü nihilism

Vh-¿eü

Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-hPFÛ¤Å-Æô¾-¼ÛGÅ-¾-PôÅ-¾ïm-¯-z-mÅ-¤Û‚ïh-qºÛ-„ÀôºÛ-º²Ûm-ÇPe Åü

nobility

Ç+-Ý iG

M¾-Dz-TÛG-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇÝ-+ iG-GÛ¼ÛGÅ-Å¤-¤Û-iG-GÛ-Çïkü

xôGÅ-OÛ¾-ÇPt Å-qºÛ-OÛGº²âGÅü

±ôGÅ-¤Û-M¾-Dz-n¤Å-h¤G-hôm-¤mººƒï¾-HÛ-DôPÅ-GP-¾ºP-¤Û-GbôGÅ-qºÛM¾-Dz-zM-¿ËG-GÛÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-OÛGº²âGÅ-ÁGÛ

fï-‚ãÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qü

M¾-Dz-GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-m¤ü M¾Dz-GŸm-¾-zhG-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¤PºDôPÅ-ÅÞ-fï-GbôGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-M¾-DzˆÛ-ÆâP-Çôk¤ü

xôGÅ-¤ïhü

ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-GP-GÛºP-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤ÛGbôGÅ-qü

non-aligned movement

nonintervention

nonpartisan

nonproliferation

lÝ¾-¤±ôm-Ez-Gh¾-±ôh-º²Ûmü lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-V-Ez-Gh¾-ºIô-z¼-±ôhº²Ûm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

nonviolence

º±ï-¤ïh-ŸÛ-zü º±ï-z-¤ïh-qü º±ï-z-Tm-HÛ-iG-qôºÛ-‚-uôh-hP-ƒ¾-zü

nuclear family

lÝ¾-¤±ôm-EÛ¤-±P.ü

lÝ¾-ym-¤±ôm-V-»ôPÅ-IGÅ-ÅÞ-GZï¼¤Dm-HÛ-M¾-Dz-¿-S ¾-Gô-Çïeü Í-¼Û-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hP.ü ÍÞ-¼Þ-ÅÞü ÍÛm-»Þ¾ü w-¼mÅÛü M-mG-zTÅ-»Ûmü ±ß¾-¤Ûm-HÛ-uôh-qü º²ï¤Å¤ïh-ºV¾-uôhü

±ß¾-¤Ûm-zG-¤ïh-ˆÛ-uôh-±ß¾ü

obsolescence

zïh-¤ïh-¼P-zŸÛmü

¤Dô-¤ïh-hÝ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ ÅÅ¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

oligarchy

ZÝP-º²Ûm-ÆhÛ -GŸÝP.ü

hzP-V-V-±P-¤Û-ZÝP-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-G¤ü hzP-ÁÝGÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-I¾-¼Û¤-ŸÛGGÛÅ-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ÆhÛ -GŸÝP-ŸGÛ

oligopoly

Dï-hzP-ZÝP-º²Ûm-Fô¤-¼ü

Dï-¾Å-¤Z¤-ºhÝÅ-Å¤ü ;¤-q-mÛD-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-z¸ô-I-Ô ŸÛGGÛ-mP-ºIm-ÇÝ¼k -hP-hzP-º²Ûm-‚ïhqºÛ-Fô¤-¼ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁÛG

Íô-¾Ûz-»¾-G ŸÛ-zhï-¤±ômdGÅü

wm-±ßm-ºFâG-¯ôh-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-¤±ômqºÛ-Íô-¾Ûz-ÇôkP-qôºÛ-»¾-G

Zm-hqômü

¤Û-Åï¼-ÇïK¼-HÛÅ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛ-ŸÝ-zGŸm-hG-G¤ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-»m¾G-¾Å-DÞPÅ-DG-¾-Bôm-zXôh-‚ïhq¼-Zm-ºWôG-hP-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh¤Dm-H-Û GŸÝP-ŸzÅü

º²¤-JÛÀP-GTÛG-Hã¼-ºIô¾ÞGÅü

º²¤-JÀÛP-GÛ-Fô¤-¼-hP-±ôP-¾Å-fhwm-±ßm-zdïm-¼ïÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-q-Vï-¼Þ-

obscenity

olive branch

ombudsman

one world order

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

GbôP-Vïhü Ez-±h-hP-¾G-¾ïm-HÛ-VmÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-Tm-HÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝPº²âGÅ-qü GÝ-»PÅ-uÛ-±ôGÅü

¼P-hzP-hP-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-GÝ-»PÅ-ˆÛOô¤-GŸÛ-¿mk -qºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG

Ç+zÅ-º±ô¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü GôÇ+zÅ-¼PÛ -¾GÞ Åü

Vz-ÆÛh-hP-±ôP-hômü ¤Û-ÇïK¼-HÛ-‚GŸG-ÅôGÅ-zOæz-q¼-¾G-¾ïm-hP-fGGTôh-ˆÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-bïü Ç+zÅ-zz-hPzÇeàm-Mã-¾Å-z¸P-uôh-ˆÛ-¾¤-Æô¾-hPºG¾-¤Ûm-¾-¤Û-z¿e-zü

oppression

iG-Gmômü

GZº-Gmôm-hP-ü ÇkÝG-¯çzü iP-zhïm¤Ûm-qºÛ-‚-uôh-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzPº²Ûm-m¤-ÇôezÅ-ÁÝGÅü

orthodoxy

½‰ÛP-Ÿïmü

ÇS¼-»ôh-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¾-Ÿïm-VGÅ-ˆÛº²Ûm-ÇePÅ-Å¤-¾G-¾ïmü

outlays

Iôm-hPÞ¾ü Iôm-ºV¼ü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Vïhü ºIô-ÅôP-P¤ºIô-Iôm-HÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

pacifism

ŸÛ-¬-¼PÛ -¾GÞ Åü

ºfz-ºFâG-G¤-iG-uôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-»ôPz¼-ºzh-qºÛ-zÅ¤-„Àôü

pact

Gm-Mü ¤fÞm-IôÅü

IôÅ-¤fÞm-hP.ü Gm-Mº¤-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛIôÅ-hômü

open society

opportunism

Administration panacea

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü uÛ-ºWô¤Åü 1ü ¼Û¤Å-mh-h¤-m-±-uÛ-¾-wm-qºÛ2ü ;Ým-Åï¾-fzÅ-¾¤ü mh- zTôÅ-fzÅ-ÁÛG zM-Çm¨ -GTÛG 2ü h;º-Gmh-h¤-h;º-½ô‰G-±P¤-Åï¾-fÞz-qºÛ-fzÅ-ÁïÅü hqÞP-h¤G IzÅ-h¤G

h¤G-hqÞP-¿¼e -OÛG-º²âGÅ-‚Å-ˆPGŸÝP-ºƒï¾-h¤G-hqÞP-GÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ¤Û-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-hqÞP-Çïk-ŸÛG

uÛ-ºfÞÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü IôÅ±ôGÅü

M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-hôm-hÝ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¿Ëm-±ôGÅÁÛG-Çïeü hÝÅ-Mãm-VïÅ-¤fôºÛ-FÛ¤Åz¸ô-¿Ëm-DP-¾-Gôü

party line

±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¾PÅ-xôGÅü

Vz-ÆÛh-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-fÞm-¤ôP-GÛ¾PÅ-xôGÅ-Å¤-ÆÛh-WâÅü

passive resistance

ºW¤-Lô¾ü

¤Z¤-¾Å-¤Û-‚ïh-q-ÅôGÅ-º±ï-¤ïhŸÛ-zºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-GŸm-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-G¤-hïÅ-Gbm-¾-wzqºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-¾-D-Gbh-GTôGqü hqï¼-mü hq¾-º‚ô¼-xÛ¼-¿ôkG‚ïh-q-hP-Pô-Lô¾-Gô¤-zIôh-¿e-zÞü

xÛ¼-Bôh-¾¤-»ÛG xÛ¼-Bôh¾G-Eï¼ü

M¾-Dz-GŸm-ŸGÛ -G-Û mP-ŸGÝ Åqº¤ü M¾-Dz-TÛG-mÅ-fôm-Çz+ Å¤fôP-¤Vm-ŸÝ-vôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GŸÝPºƒï¾-HÛ-Pô-vôh-¾G-hïzü

paramilitary

parliament

passport

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

patrician

¤Û-iG Ç+Ý-iG

¤Û-hzP-P¤-Gô-GmÅ-¤fô-zºÛ-¤Û-ÇïeÇ+Ý-iG-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü

patrimony

w-GŸÛÅü

¼P-GÛ-wº¤-¤ïÅ-qô-±ôÅ-zMãh-vôh‚Å-qºÛ-GŸÛÅ-;

M¾-GTïÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü M¾-Ÿïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¼P-GÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-Mz-Bô¼-hP-ÆâPBôz-‚ïh-qºÛ-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-M¾-Ÿïm-HÛºhÝ-ÁïÅü

¤Gô-ºhômü

Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¿-e ±ß¾-z¸ÞP-Çïe-±ôGÅ-qŸÛG-G¤ü ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP¼ÞP-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-±ô¼-¾ÅGmÅ-vôh-q-hP-hGôÅ-ºhÝm-ÅôGÅÇ+ôP-fzÅ-‚ïh-qü

ŸÛ-¤fÞm-¤Z¤-GmÅü ŸÛ-zhï¤Z¤-GmÅü

Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¿-e Iâz-hP-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛEh-q¼-Vïm-qô-»ôh-qºÛ-M¾-Dz-wm±ßm-hz¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ŸÛ-zºÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅÅ¤ü h¤G-ºFÞG-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºIm¯ôh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾h¤¼-ÁôG-hP-h¤¼-ÁôG-¤Ûm-qºÛM¾-Dz-±ôºÛ-hz¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-ÆÛhWâÅü

¼P-¤Z¤ü Ç+¾-¤Z¤ü

ºWôm-fP-hP-ü ÁïÅ-±hü ¾ô-mü Mz-¿ôYPÅü uÛ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅzzÅ-ÅôGÅ-;Ým-HÛ-fh-mÅ-GŸmhP-ºi-¤Z¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Û-ŸÛG

patriotism

patronage

peaceful coexistence

peer

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ºV¼-¿km-hq¾-º‚ô¼ü

fôm-Bïh-hP-zGô-ºIï¤Åü ¼Ûm-GôPÅôGÅ-¾-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-ÇPe Å-º²ÛmhP-hô-h¤-‚ïh-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¾¤¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

1ü ¤P-¤ôÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG 2ü ¤P-¤ôÅ-fG-GTôh-ºôÅÁôG

1ü M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Pº-ÇïkºÛ-¤Û-¤P±ôÅ-G¾-VïºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-D-ÁÅ-¾GŸÛGÅ-mÅ-ºôÅ-ºwïm-HÛ-V-Aïm-¿mk q-hG-GÛÅ-fh-;¼-ºwïm-qºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG 2ü ÆÛh-ˆÛ-GôP-zÞ-GTÛG-bà-GbôGÅqºÛ-¤Û-¤P-±ôÅ-¼P-ÆÛh-¼P-BôP-‚Mãº¤ü »P-m-M¾-Dz-GŸm-ŸÛGGÛ-¤Pº-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-Å¤-¤ÛŸÝGÅ-ˆÛ-fG-GTôh-ˆÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG

hzP-±h-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇÝ+-±zü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Pô-±z-‚Å-bï-¾Åhôm-Oæz-qºÛ-hzP-±h-V-±P-°¾zºÛ-¤Û-Çüo

xãG-qôºÛ-hzP-N¼å ü xãGGŸÝP.ü

xãG-qôÅ-hzP-zNå¼-qºÛ-ÆhÛ -GŸÝPŸÛG-G¤ü º‚ô¼-xãG-¿mk -qºÛ-¤ÛÇ+ô¼-TÛG-GÛÅ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸGÛ

point of order

¾Å-¼Û¤-n¤-GŸG

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¯-º²Ûm-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ¿e¼-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-¤ïh-fhºiÛ-¯h-‚ïh-qü

polarization

¿kôG-¹¼-HïÅ-qü

¤Û-ºzô¼-hP-Çkï-±m-HÛ-Pô-zô¼-ºG¾-

Administration planned economy

plebiscite

plenipotentiary

plutocracy

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¹-Vï-zºÛ-h‚ï-zGô-‚ïh-qü police state

Zïm-dôG-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü

M¾-Dz-z¤-¤Pº-Çïk-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-ZïmdôG-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-qºÛiG-ÁÝ¾-Vï-zºÛ-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

political asylum

Vz-ÆÛh-BzÅ-zTô¾ü

M¾-Dz-GŸm-mÅ-»ôP-zºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛBzÅ-zTô¾-z-±ô¼-BzÅ-zTô¾-ÅºÛ-M¾Dz-ˆÛÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-ÇPe Åü

political theory

Vz-ÆhÛ -ˆ-Û n¤-GŸG

M¾-Dz-GTÛG-G¤-±ôGÅ-Çïk-ŸÛG-GÛzÅ¤-„Àô¼-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¾¤Çeôm-ŸÛG

politicization

Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-Pô-zô¼-Nå¼-zü

ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤ÆÛh-hôm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-fh-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïh-qü

politics

ÆÛh-hômü Vz-ÆÛh-¼ÛG-qü

M¾-Dz-GTÛG-G¤ü Å-DÞ¾-ŸÛG-º²ÛmBôP-‚ïh-±ß¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-fzÅ-±ß¾hP-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-DG

populism

¤P-Ÿïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

¤Û-Åï¼-hˆãÅ-¤ºÛ-Dï-wm-hP-¤fÞm-qºÛºV¼-¿mk -HÛ-ºzôh-ÇÝ+¾-ŸÛG-¾-GŸÛzTô¾-zºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-ºfz-WâÅ-ÁÛG

possession

zhG-hzP.ü zhG-z¸ÞP.ü

M¾-Dz-TGÛ -GÅÛ -zhG-b-à z¸ÞP-zºÛ-ÅEôm-HÛ-¤Pº-fP-ü

post mortem

qÞ¼-ŸÛzü ¼ô-hrhü

ºVÛ-Aïm-º±ô¾-Vïh-ÁÛ-zºÛ-wÞP-qô¼-zdG-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

qºÛ-Çm¨ -hrh-TÛG pragmatic

preamble

precedence

prejudice

preliminary estimate

hôm-hPôÅ-ˆÛü D-fôG-¾GzŸG

ºV¼-ÇoP-®¤-¤-»Ûm-q¼-hPôÅ-»ôhhP-¾G-¾ïm-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-‚-GŸG¼ÛGÅ-Ozæ -qü

ÇSôm-JïÀP.ü

FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-G¤ü ¯-FÛ¤ÅÁÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-h¤ÛGÅ-ºIï¾-zÁh‚ïh-qºÛ-JïÀP-GŸÛ-ŸGÛ

‚ãP-hqïü ÇSôm-‚ãP.ü ¤ÛG-¿ôeÅü ¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-»P-zB¼¾Å-hôm-hï-hP-ºi-z-ŸÛG-Oæz-ºhôh»ôh-q¼-hqï-¤±ôm-hÝ-z;ô¾-zºÛ-fGGTôh-h¤-‚-uôh-TÛG ºDôm-Åï¤Åü xôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü

¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-hP-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ¤Û-¾-ÇkP-Åï¤Å-º²Ûm-qº¤-¤Û-hGºz¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-xÛ-¤ü 2ü ÇSôm-ºIôºÛ-±ôh-hqG

1ü ¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛ-M¾-mP-fôm-BïhxôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-¯ÛÅ-MG-Çz+ Å-ºhÅ¤-fG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-GZÛÅqü hï-mÛ-w¾-Vï¼-¹-GÅÞ¤-¼ï-μôGÅXïÅ-ÅÞ-¹-z-GZÛÅ-®¤-HÛ-¤±¤Å-ÅÞºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚ïhü 2ü ¾Å-ºV¼-ŸÛG-ºGô-º²âGÅ-¤‚Å-GôP-hô-zhG-¾-vôh-MãºÛ-Vïhz¸ôÅ-qºÛ-¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾-xÛ-mPGÛ-Aïm-hP-xôGÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¾-¿eôÅ-bï-ºHã¼-z-ºIô-PïÅ-»Ûmü prerogative

¼P-VÅ-ˆÛ-Dï-hzP.ü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-ˆÛ-V-mÅ-‚-GŸGGP-ŸÛG-Oæz-VôG-qºÛ-fôz-fP-»ôh-qü

prestige

Ç‰m-IGÅü Vï-¤fôPü

‚-GŸG-¾ïGÅ-Iâz-‚ãP-zÅ-¤Û-n¤ÅˆÛÅ-GÝÅ-z¯Û-hP-zÇSGÅ-zXôh-‚ïh-qü

price controls

GôP-±h-ÇPe Å-º²Ûmü

¼Ûm-fP-ºw¼-zºÛ-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-hP¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GôP-±h-GbmºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-hPOÛG-GŸÛü

prime minister

ÆÛh-„Àômü

M¾-Dz-D-ÁÅ-mP-¤Û-¤P-±ôÅ-ºôÅºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-hzÞ-FÛhü

1ü zŸÛ-N¼å -GbôP-zºÛü zŸÛ¿kz-z¸ô-zºÛü 2ü (»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ-)ºizŸÛü 3ü zŸÛ-VG

1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¿zk -zŸÛ¼-zNå¼zº¤-Çtï¾-zºÛü 2ü »ÛG-V-Pô-¤-GP-ŸÛG-hP-GTÛG¤±ßPÅ-ˆÛ-Pô-ºi-zŸÛ-Vü 3ü GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-qô-Pô-ºizŸÛº-Û ±m-qü

1ü ÁïÅ-±hü 2ü ºôÅ-VôÅü

1ü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-¼¤-»ÛG-MãGÅ-ÅôGÅ¤f¼-xÛm-q¼-Çôem-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ»ÛG-V-ŸGÛ 2ü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ºôÅzz-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-¾-»ôh-hGôÅ-qºÛÁïÅ-ºWôm-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-¿e-zÞºÛ-Eh-VôÅü

quadruplicate

qualification

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

qualifying widow

ºôÅ-VôÅ-±P-zºÛ-»ÞG-¸-¤ü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-z¸º-¹-ºhÅ-IôPÅ-ÅÞxÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-¿-e zÞºÛ-ºôG ¾ôhïºÛ-F¾-ºzz-vôh-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-VG-»PÅ-fôz-qºÛºôÅ-zz-»ôh-qºÛ-zÞh-¤ïhü

qualitative

ÇtäÅ-;ºÛü ÇtäÅ-±h-ˆÛü

hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¼¤ü zôPÅ-±h-ÅôGÅ-¾Å-GŸm-hÝ-mPDôPÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-VôÅ-hP-¼Ûm-fP-ÇätÅ±h-ÅôGÅ-¾ïGÅ-qºÛ-V-hP-ºƒï¾zºÛü

qualitative

ÇtäÅ-±h-Z¤Å-ŸÛzü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ±ôGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛ-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-fh-¼PZÛh-ˆÛ-Åï¤Å-DÞ¼-hP-ü zÅ¤-„ôÀºÛºEï¼-Åôü GÁÛÅ-uôh-ÅôGÅ-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-Fô¤-¼ºÛ-ŸÛz-ºWâG

ºGôG-h‚ï-¸Þ¼-ºWôG

mh-n¤Å-Ez-Gh¾-ºGôG-Vïh-hÝ¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-mh-qü »P-m-mh»ôh-q¼-hôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-Å-DÞ¾-‚ïƒG-TÛG-bà-¸Þ¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qºÛ-hÝÅ»Þmü

1ü ¯ÛÅ-¤ïh-GbôP-zü 2ü Mãm-GTôh-qü

1ü FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛÅ-fG-GTôh-GP‚Å-q-ŸÛG-¾-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛÅ-¯ÛÅºIô-¤ïh-qº¤-mô¼-z¼-zXôh-qü 2ü ¤Þ-¤fÞh-hÝ-¤Û-º‚ãP-Vïh-z;GºGôG-‚ïh-qü

research

quarantine

quash

Administration quasi-judicial

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛ-hzP-±h-hP-ºi- FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸGÛ -G-Û F¤Û Å-hqôm-H-Û fGzºÛü GTôh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü hzP-V-hï-hP-È¾¤-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-fG-GTôh-ˆÛhzP-±hü

corporation.

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-hP-ºi-zºÛ-uÛ-Ez- GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Pô-±z-z¤ü hïºÛ-¼ôGÅ;¤-q-aÛü Bô¼-fôG-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-ÇKï¼-qÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm‚ïh-qºÛ-uÛ-Ez-;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG

quaterly

¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ïºÛü

¾ô-ºDô¼-GTÛG-mP-¹-z-GÅÞ¤-¼ï-fôGºV¼-Tm-HÛÅü ¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-±ôGÅºhÝº¤-hÝÅ-hïz-¿-e zÞ-T-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛGq¼-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

quatrain

±ÛGÅ-zTh-@P-zŸÛü

@P-q-zŸÛ-Tm-H-Û Çm‰ -PG-G-Û ±GÛ Å-zThÁô-¾ô-;-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG

quayage

Iâ-DºÛ-ºzz-ÇïeGÅ-ˆ-Û JüÀ

Iâ-D¼-Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-n¤Å-hô-qô-ºWâG-ºhômVïh-Iâ-DºÛ-ºzz-ÇïeGÅ-zïh-uh-q¼-IâzhG-Åô-ÅôÅ-ºW¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-J-À ŸÛG

1ü z®m-fzÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºGôG-qü 2ü ŸÛ-z¼-‚ïh-qü GhÝ¾-zü

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-iG-qôºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-HÛÇKô-mÅ-¸ÛP-ºFâG-hP-Pô-Lô¾-¿-e zÞ-GPŸÛG-z;G-Çôk¤-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-Åï¤Å-º±z-„ôÀ-hôGÅ-¿-e zÞ-¤Û-BÛh-qºÛ-±ô¼-z-»P-hÝ-GbôP-zº¤-ŸÛz¼-‚ïh-qü

XïÅ-º±ô¾ü

¤f¼-fÞG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-‚º¤-zhïm-q-¿e-zÞ-½‰ïh-

quasi-public

quell

quest

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

q¼-h;º-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-z¸P-qô-n¤Å»Þm-¼ÛP-º±ô¾-ŸÛz-‚ïh-±ß¾ü question time

iÛ-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-¼PZÛh-ˆÛ-GŸÝP-GÛ-„ôÀm-Vïm-DG-¾-iÛ-zGbôP-zºÛ-ZÛm-¼ïºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-‚ï-ƒGTÛG

questionnaire

iÛ-¯h-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

GmÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG-GÛ-fôG-¾-GmÅ±ß¾-¤Dô-Oæz-Vïh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-iÛ¯h-‚-MãºÛ-fô-GŸÝP-ŸÛG

quick assets

Nå¼-ÇºÀ Û-D¼-hzP-ü

hPÞ¾-AP-hP-hPÞ¾-h¤¼-fôG-D-Nå¼‚ïh-Ç-À zºÛ-D¼-hzP-GŸm-DG

quiz

iÛ-¯hü

iÛ-¯h-ˆÛ-¾¤-mÅ-w-¼ô¾-qôºÛ-Mãh-¾»ôm-bm-WÛ-®¤-¿km-¤Ûm-zdG-fzÅÁÛG

quiz contest

iÛ-¯h-ºIm-ÇÝk¼ü

w-¼ô¾-qôºÛ-Mãh-¾-»ôm-bm-WÛ-®¤-¿km¤Ûm-±ôh-º²Ûm-hqôG-fzÅ-ÅÞ-iÛ-¯h-ˆÛ¾¤-mÅ-ºGôh-qºÛ-ºIm-ÇÝk¼-ŸÛG

quo warranto

hzP-±h-hG-Bï¾ü

¾Å-Çoï-GP-ŸÛG-¾G-zÇe¼-‚-ºfÞÅVôG-qºÛ-hzP-±h-hG-Bï¾-hGôÅqºÛ-F¤Û Å-DP-G-Û z;º-ÁôG

quorate

IPÅ-±h-¾ôP-zºÛü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-ŸÛG-º±ôGÅ-fÞz-qº¤ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fG-GTôh-fÞz-qºÛ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hzP-±h-Vïh-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-±ôGÅ-¤ÛºÛZÝP-¤fºÛ-IPÅ-±h-¾ôP-zºÛü quorum

quota

quotation

quote

quotient

hGôÅ-PïÅ-IPÅ-±hü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-ŸÛG-º±ôGÅ-fÞz-qº¤ü »Pm-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-fG-GTôh-fÞz-q¼-ZÝP¤f¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-IPÅºzô¼ü

1ü fôz-Vü IPÅ-zThü 2ü ±h-z;G-ºôÅ-IPÅü

1ü Bï-zôºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾zºÛ-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-VôG-¤Vm-ºôG-ºfôzMãºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-IPÅ-±h-TÛG 2ü ºôÅ-GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-ºhï¤Å-fôm-VïhºôÅ-¤Û-¼P-ZÛh-¾-PïÅ-q¼-fôz-hGôÅ-qºÛºôÅ-ˆÛ-IPÅ-;

1ü ¾ÞP-ºiïmü 2ü GôP-±hü

1ü hqï-hïz-z¤-¯ô¤-»ÛG-hÝÅ-hïz-¿-e zÞ¼DÞPÅ-¾ÞP-hP-Mz-dïm-Vïh-Gb¤-zÁhhP-¯ô¤-»ÛG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hÝ¤-zÞü 2ü ¾Å-;º¤-hPôÅ-qô-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾ºIô-Iôm-m¤-¼Ûm-GôP-WÛ-®¤-»Ûm-¤Ûm-HÛGmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛz-yü

¾ÞP-ºiïm-‚ïh-qü ¾ÞP-iPÅ-qü GP-¸G-GŸm-HÛÅ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-Çm‰ -¯ô¤-¤¤Gb¤-zÁh-ÅôGÅ-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zB¼¹ôÅ-‚ïh-qü zGôÅ-fôzü

¯ÛÅ-GŸÛº-Û fôG-ÍP-IPÅ-GTÛG-ÍPIPÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zGôÅ-mÅ-fôz-qºÛfôz-IPÅ-ÁÛG

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

racism

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ºfïm-Eï¼ü

¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-GŸm-hG-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-¾Å-h¤m-q¼-¿e-zº¤ü ¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-‚ï-ƒG-q-GŸm-HÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞGbôGÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-±ô¼-z½‰Å-zTôÅ-‚ïhqü

radical

¯-Gbô¼-¬-zü ©P-zTôÅ-qü

uÛ-±ôGÅ-hP-Vz-ÆÛh-fh-ºHã¼-¿kôGVïm-qô-ŸÛG-GbôP-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¿e-±ß¾¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dmü

ratification

Mz-Çoôm-VôG-¤Vmü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-zŸG-qºÛ-VÛPÅ»ÛG-GP-ŸÛG-¾-M¾-Dz-hïºÛ-FÛ¤Åz¸ô-¿Ëm-DP-GÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞGÅ¤fÞm-¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü

ration card

z¸º-ºƒâºÛ-¾G-hïzü ¤Dô-vôh- z¸º-ºƒâºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Zô-VôG-qºÛ-hqP»ÛG-¾G-hïz-TGÛ ¾G-hïzü

rationing

¤Dô-vôh-±ôh-º²Ûmü

Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-¼ÛGÅ-h;ômqºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Zô-VôG-qºÛ-fôz-fP-¾ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸGÛ -GÅÛ -ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-‚ïhqü

reactionary

¾ôG-uôh-qü

Vz-ÆÛh-hP-uÛ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-»¼-MÅºIô-z¼-Pô-Lô¾ü

reagan doctrine

¼Û-JËm-¿-e Iâzü

Í-¼ÛºÛ-ÆÛh-º²Ûm-¼Û-JËm-¤VôG-GÛ-VzÆÛh-ˆÛ-¿-e ¾ÞGÅ-bïü h¤¼-xôGÅ¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-¾-D-Gbh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GÅ¼-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zXï-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Í-¼ÛºÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-Mz-Bô¼‚ïh-q-ŸÛG realism

hPôÅ-»ôh-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü hPôÅ- GmÅ-zzÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-hôm-hPôÅ-¾-»Ûh-VïÅzhïm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü hP-hP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü º‚ãP-ºHã¼-HÛ-hÝÅÅÞ-¤Pôm-hÝ-ºHã¼-Mã-¤ïh-qºÛ-hôm-GmÅ-¾¼ï-z-¤Û-‚ïh-qü

rebellion

Hïm-¾ôG Hïm-¾PÅü

GÅ¼-zXï-‚ïh-q-hP-ºi-z¼-ÆÛh-GŸÝPP¤-hzP-º²Ûm-¾-iG-qôºÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-Hïm¾ôG-‚ïh-qü

recession

hq¾-º‚ô¼-Z¤Å-LÝhü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¾¤-¿ËôP¤ïh-qºÛ-hÝÅ-Çz+ Å-ÁÛG

redistribution

zB¼-zGôü

M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-Mã-mô¼-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅzB¼-hÝ-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-qü

referendum

¤P-¤ôÅ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝü

¤Û-¤P-GÛ-Dï-wm-¾-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-hômŸÛG-fG-GTôh-Vïh-¤Û-¤P-mÅ-fh-;¼ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-hÝ-ºWâG-qü

reform

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅü

»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-zNå¼zTôÅ-GbôP-zº¤-¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü

refugee

BzÅ-zTô¾-zü

h¤G-ºFâG-G¤ü ¼P-‚ãP-GÛ-Gmôh-º±ïÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-¼P-»Þ¾-hP-D-ƒ¾-bï-»Þ¾GŸm-¾-BzÅ-zTô¾-hÝ-ºIô-hGôÅ-fÞGqºÛ-¤Ûü

Administration regionalism

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü Å-DÞ¾-h‚ï-º‚ïh-¿-e ¾ÞGÅü 1ü IôP-Eï¼-hP-¤Pº-Çïk-ÅôGÅ2ü ¾ÞP-Ÿïmü n¤-q-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-Å-GmÅ-º²Ûm-BôPGÛ-Pô-zô¼-h‚ï-zGô-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾¤¾ÞGÅü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-Å-DÞ¾-GP-hÝ-GbôGÅqºÛ-Å-GmÅ-¾-zTPÅ-qºÛ-¾-Ÿïmü ÇÀ¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü

ÇSôm-HÛ-Gô-GmÅ-Å¤-Gô-zzÅ-zB¼GÅô-‚ïh-qü

1ü GZïm-±mü 2ü ¿eôÅ-zTÅ-ˆÛü

1ü Á-FG-G¤-GZïm-OÛG-GÛ-ºƒï¾z-Tm-HÛ-GP-¸G 2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-z»ôh-qºÛü

GP-¸G-¾-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-GïGÅü

GïGÅ-z¼-Vh-h¤ü ZïÅ-Bôm-GP¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Bï-zô-Vï-Gï-¤ôhP-GZïm-OÛG-‚ïh-¤Û-VôG-qºÛ-±ß¾ü

¾Å-Vôh-JÀ-ºzzü

z¸ô-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-ºGm-ºi¤±ßPÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-¤Û-wm-±ßm-HÛ-ºWômmÝÅ-zÇkÝ¼-mÅ-fG-GTôh-‚Å-qºÛ-J-À wôGÅü

relaxation

GÝ-»PÅü

FK Û¤Å-fôG-GÛ-z;G-Çôk¤-¤¤-ZïÅVh-mÅ-JÀôh-qº¤-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü

release time

ÇKï¼-uôh-hÝÅ-±ôhü

¤fô-¼Û¤-hzP-º²Ûm-m¤ü º²Ûm-BôPq-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-¼P-ZÛh-

rehabilitate

relative

relative impediment

relative performance compensation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÇKï¼-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-®G-®ÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-vhqºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü reliable

relic(s)

relief

relief and rehabilitation

1ü „Àô-fÞzü »Ûh-dôm-ºwï¼-zü 1ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-IôGÅ-qô-„ôÀ-fÞz-ÅôGÅ-¾2ü »Ûh-dôm-ºwï¼-PïÅü »Ûh-zdm-ºwï¼-zºÛü 2ü ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾DÞPÅ-fzÞ ü GP-¤Dô-hG-mô¼-º²ô¾-¤ïh-q¼-¤WâGºƒÅ-»P-hG-q¼-¤Dô-vôh-fÞz-q¼GhïP-ºWôG-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛü ¼ÛP-zÆï¾ü

GÝÅ-z¯-ÛhP-hh-dïm-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ÅqºÛ-BïÅ-zÞ-h¤-qºÛ-ÇÝ+-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-V-ÁÅ-GP»P-¼PÞ -zü

1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü

1ü »Ûh-¤-hGº-zºÛ-hôm-Aïm-G-Gï-¤ôŸÛG-¤±¤Å-Vh-qº¤-¤-º‚ãP-zºÛGmÅ-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-BïÅ-qºÛ-hGº-zhïºÛ-±ô¼ÇoP.ü 2ü m-¸ÞG-hP-Åï¤Å-ÇÝGk -¾-ÅôGÅ-qÅï¾-zº¤-VßP-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-uôhü 3ü º‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmôh-º±ïº¤-h¤GºFâG-GÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-wôG-ÅºÛ-¤Û-¤P-¾vôh-qºÛ-¸Å-hPÞ¾-hP-Ç¨m-ÅôGÅü 4ü lô-hP-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-z¸ôh‚ÛzÅ-z@ôÅ-qÅ-V-ºGº-ŸÛG-GŸm¾Å-ºzÞ¼-hÝ-ºfôm-qºÛ-¤²ïÅ-Mm-vôÅ¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG º‚ãP-zºÛ-Gmôh-Bôm-‚ãP-zº¤ü h;º±ïGÅ-hP-ºWÛGÅ-Zïm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¿ËàP-

hzÞGÅ-h‚ãP.ü GhÝP-Åï¾ü LÝh-Bôzü ºzÞ¼-@ôÅü ºzÞ¼-¤ü

LÝh-Bôz-hP-Ç¼S -GmÅ-zB¼GÅôü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

z¼-¸Å-GôÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼hP-DP-EÛ¤-ÅôGÅ-Ç-S hÝÅ-¿¼e -Z¤ÅGÅô-»ôP-fzÅü relief fund

LÝh-Bôz-fïzÅ-¯ü

h¤G-ºFâG-G¤-¼P-‚ãP-Gôh-VG-GÛGmôh-Bôm-fïzÅ-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-¼ôGÅBô¼-ÇhÀ -hÝ-zÇkÝ-¼Þz-z¤-GÅôG-Oæz‚Å-qºÛ¤-hPÞ¾ü

relocation

GmÅ-»Þ¾-zB¼-Çtôü

Å-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¸ÛP-ºFâG-‚ãP-zºÛ-¤Û-¤P¿e-zÞ-GŸÛÅ-VGÅ-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-GÅ¼q¼hzô¼-ºiïmü

1ü Gmº-ÁÝ¾ü 2ü wÞP-qôü

1ü hïP-GÛ-V¼-º±ô¾-½ï‰h-‚ãP-zºÛGmº-zôºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hP-DP-q-ÅôGÅˆÛ-V-¾G-Mãm-GmÅ-‚ãP-z-n¤Åü 2ü ¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-GÁÛm-qôºÛ-z¤-¼ôü

remand

hô-h¤-zB¼-ºWôG

ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-GP-¸G-TÛGFÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-»ôP-z¼-ÇÝGK -Çôkh-‚ïh-¼ÛPzB¼-hÝ-z;G-Z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

remand centre

hô-h¤-zB¼-ºWôG-DP.ü

ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-ˆÛ-FÛ¤Å-zÁï¼-¾-ÇÝKGzŸÛm-qºÛ-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-hô-h¤-z;GZ¼-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GmÅü

remedial action

1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-ÇôKü

1ü ºyôh-zÇeïm-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-

remains (n)

Administration

remedial

2ü Gmôh-q-ºGôG-fzÅü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-»¼-MÅ-GôPºwï¾-GbôP-zºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Tm-HÛ-‚uôhü 2ü ¤Û-hP-Dô¼-»ÞG-¾-Gmôh-±zÅ-VïzºÛ-hPôÅ-μÅ-n¤Å-z¸ô-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-¾ÅxÛ¼-G»ÞGÅ-qº¤-G»ÞG-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Zïm-DÅôGÅ-¾-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

D-GÅô-ÇôÀz-FÛhü

¢PÅ-ºƒÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-ÇôÀz-yâG-hG-GÛ-ÁïÅ±h-ÇÀôz-IôGÅ-GŸm-hP-ºi-¤Z¤-»ôPfzÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-ÇôÀz-FÛhü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-¾¤ü

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Bôm-m¤-¤-ºhP-zºÛV-¾-zTôÅ-Nå¼-¼¤-¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-»ôzÆP-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-GmÅ-ÇtôÅü

¾Å-¤Û-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Çz+ Å-zzÅ-Gô-GmÅ-ˆÛ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-ºfÞÅ-±P-»G-qô-ŸÛG¤-‚Å-qºÛ-XïÅ-Åô¼-¾Å-¤Û-hï-ZÛh-¾ºôÅ-º±¤Å-Vï-zºÛ-¾Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

education

remedial measure

remedial transfer

remedy

remission

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅü »ô-zÆP-ü 1ü ‚-Pm-m¤-Bôm-Vü »P-m-mô¼-z2ü zTôÅ-fzÅü GZïm-qôü ŸÛG-zTôÅ-qºÛ-‚-uôhü 2ü m-¸ÞG-Åï¾-zº¤-mh-GŸÛ-zTôÅ-qºÛGÅô-hrh-h¤-Çm¨ -ŸÛG 1ü zTôÅ-Bïh-¿¼e -ÇPo .ü 2ü ZïÅ-hÝÅ-VG-»P.ü

1ü hÝÅ-»Þm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-±zÅ-VïºÛm-±-»P-hÝ-ÅôP-zÅ-mh-q-hï-zhï-fP-hÝ-

Administration

3ü VG-»P.ü

remit

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

Hã¼-q-¿¼e -ÇPo -zºÛ-hÝÅ-Çz+ Å-ÁÛG 2ü z®ôm-DP-hÝ-GmÅ-»Þm-GTôGºyÛ-‚ïh-q-ŸÛG-Çïeü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ¼P-ZÛh-;Ým-uôh-¾ïGÅ-qô-zÇem-qºÛÇezÅ-ˆÛÅ-Åôü 3ü GŸm-¾-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾ºzô¼-ºW¾-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-z¸ô-zº¤GTôG-ºyÛ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôh-TÛG

1ü hzP-fP-Ez-Åü 1ü GP-¸G-G¤-Çïk-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG2ü VG-»P-GbôP-zü GÛ-hzP-V-hP-ÇPe Å-º²Ûmü »P-m3ü fG-GTôh-‚-Mã¼-ºzÞ¾-zü ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-»ôh-ÅºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôºÛ-EzDôPÅü 2ü zÞ-¾ôm-hP-¾Å-ºGmü ZïÅVh-ÅôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-zü 3ü fG-GTôh-TÛG-»ôP-fÞz-qºÛ-hômhÝ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-hzP-º²Ûm-q-ŸÛG-¾wÞ¾-zü 1ü Vïh-GbôP-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü 2ü hPÞ¾-GbôP-zü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-qvôh-Vïh-hÝ-zÇ+Ý¼-zºÛ-hPÞ¾ü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-q-vôh-Vïh-hÝhPÞ¾-zÇ+Ý¼-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

remittance man

EÛ¤-zdïm-xÛ-Çkôh-qü

¼P-EÛ¤-mÅ-zbP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-¾-zdïmbï-xÛºÛ-M¾-Dz-bà-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-qºÛGP-¸G

remitter

1ü zB¼-zhG-¯-º²Ûmü

1ü Å-V-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-hzP-VôG-

remittance (n)

Administration

remote

remote control

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü zB¼-GÅôü 3ü Vïh-GbôP-‚ïh-qôü

qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-»ÛG-V-±h-¿mk -ŸÛG»ôh-mºP-ü Å-V-hï-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-zhGhzP-GÛ-xÛ-¼ô¾-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅxÛ¼-Å-V-hïºÛ-zhG-hzP-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-Çz+ ÅÅ-V-hï-ÇÀ¼-GÅô-»ôP-z¼-hôm-hPôÅGŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯-º²ÛmŸÛG 2ü ÇS¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-P¤-GmÅ-zz-¿-e zÞŸÛG-¾-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü 3ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-¼Ûm-q-ºW¾-‚ïhhÝ-hPÞ¾-GbôP-¤Dm-HÛ-;¤-q-mÛº¤-Bï-zôŸÛG

1ü MP-fG-¼ÛP-zºÛü 2ü ¾ÞP-DÞG

1ü GmÅ-Å¤-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-V-mÅ-È-TP-MP¼ÛP-zº¤-z¼-Eh-Vï-zü 2ü zIôh-h;º-ŸÛP-¤Û-ºzô¼-f¼-fô¼¾Å-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-DÞG-¾ÞP-DÞG

MP-z;ô¾ü MP-z;ô¾-»ô-VÅü JÀôG-G¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-zl-¢ô¼-uh-hï-fG¼ÛP-Å-mÅ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-hïºÛ¤-¾G

removal van

BÅ-ºhïGÅ-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼ü

GmÅ-DP-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG-bà-Çôt-Çz+ Å-mPVÅ-hP-Mã-mô¼-GŸm-hzô¼-‚ïh-hÝ-uôhqºÛ-½PÀ Å-ºDô¼-ŸGÛ

remuneration

JÀ-Vü

Bï-zô-GP-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-hôhhÝ-vh-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸÛG

Administration renew

renewable

renewal

renounce

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü 2ü zB¼-z¸ôü GÅ¼-GÅôü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ºGôG-Aïm-ŸÛGG¤ü z¼-¤±¤Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞzB¼-hÝ-ºGô-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-zB¼-hÝ-hÝÅ±ôh-ºw¼-¤-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛPFÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-z¸ô-zü

1ü zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-¼ÞP-ü 2ü zB¼-GÅô-¼ÞP-zºÛü

1ü mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¼P-‚ãP-fôm-DÞPÅÅôGÅ-¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-GÅz-»ôPzº¤ü »P-m-G¸z-mm-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-Çze Å-ˆÛÅ-hïhG-μôGÅ-¤fº-¤ïh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-uôhfÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü 2ü Gm-M-hP-º²Ûm-ÁôG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛFÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-hÝÅ-zTh-μôGÅ-¸ÛmmºP-¯ÛÅ-ºIôºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-ºw¼ºHPÅ-‚-ºfÞÅ-VôG-qü

1ü zB¼-GÅôü 2ü GÅ¼-GÅôü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ºGôG-Aïm-m¤z¼-¤±¤Å-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Ç¼À »P-ºGô-º²âGÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-GmÅÇePÅ-ÁÛG 2ü Gm-M-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG-hï-ZÛh-ˆÛ-FÛ¤Å¤fÞm-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-μôGÅXïÅ-ÇÀ¼-»P-hÝÅ-»Þm-ºw¼-¤-PïÅTm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-¯ÛÅ-ºIô-»ôh-q¼-z¸ôzºÛ-‚-uôhü

„ÀôÅ-GbôP-zü hô¼-zü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-h-mÅ-z¸ÞP-Çïe-‚-hPôÅ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-zhG-bà-z¸ÞP-z-hP-ü MzBô¼-hP-»Ûh-VïÅü »P-m-ºƒï¾-z-MãmGmÅ-‚-ºhôh-¤ïh-±ß¾-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÇKô-mÅ-Å¤-»ôPÅ-Ez-bà-Áôh-qü renovate

Z¤Å-GÅô-‚ïh-qü

DP-q-½Û‰P-q-hP-º²Ûm-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-±ôm¯Û-zbP-z-hP-ü z¸ô-zTôÅ-‚Å-qÅ-hïhG-ÇÀ¼-»P-¾ïGÅ-qô¼ÅôP-zü

rented space

JÀÅ-Åü

JÀ-V-vh-mÅ-zhG-qô-GŸm-¾Å-G»¼zºÛ-Å-Vü

1ü zÅ¤-xôGÅ-GÅ¼-qü 2ü D-xôGÅ-zNå¼-zü

1ü ¿e-z-hP-»Ûh-VïÅ-ÅôGÅ-zÅ¤-„ôÀºÛºEï¼-Åô-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-xôGÅzNå¼-zºÛ-‚-uôhü

reparations

zTôÅ-ÇôKü GÅô-zTôÅü

mô¼-ºFâ¾-Áô¼-z¼-»ô-zÆP-hP-ü ©ÅBôm-Áô¼-z¼-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ÅôGÅ-‚ïh-qü

repatriate

¼P-»Þ¾-hÝ-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-h¤G-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-z®ôm-q-hP-ü BzÅ-zTô¾-z-ÅôGÅ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-M¾-Dzz¤-¤Û-Åï¼-HÛ-fôz-fP-»ôh-qºÛ-»Þ¾-hÝxÛ¼-ÇôÀG-qº¤-¾ïm-qü »P-m-Dï-z¸PP¤-D¼-hzP-¿-e zÞ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-M¾-Dz-bàxÛ¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qü

repatriation

¼P-»Þ¾-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG

¤Û-Åï¼-GP-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-w-»Þ¾-¾¤ü

reorientation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

BïÅ-DÞPÅ-GP-hÝ-GbôGÅ-Å¼-xÛ¼¾ôG-‚ïh-hÝ-zTßG-qº¤-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïhqºÛ-‚-GŸG repayment of

ÇS-ºhôm-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG

advance repayment of loan

hGôÅ-¤Dô-PïÅ-Tm-Vïh-ÇS-ºhôm„ÀPÅ-q-GP-ŸGÛ -x¼Û -GÅz-qü

zÞ-¾ôm-ºW¾-vôhü zÞm-ºW¾ü ¼P-ZhÛ -ˆ-Û ºy¾-wGÞ Å-ˆ-Û h;º-ÇGÝk Åï¾-xÛ¼-hPÞ¾-DP-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-hPÞ¾zÞm-GP-G»¼-z-hï-ZÛh-XïÅ-Åô¼-hÝÅz;G-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-vôh-Mã¼DÅ-¾ïm-q-zŸÛm-ºW¾-vôh-‚ïh-qü

repeal

z¯Û-¤ïh-z¸ô-zü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÅFÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü

repeat prescription

zB¼-¹ôÅ-Çm¨ -»ÛG

¼P-ZÛh-¾-Mãm-hÝ-¤Dô-zºÛ-Ç¼S -HÛ-Çm¨ »ÛG-bà-WÛ-GÅ¾-¾Åü Ç¨m-q¼zB¼-Çôem-»P-Çôem-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼-mhq-hï¼-Mãm-hÝ-¤Dô-zºÛ-Çm¨ -hï-ZÛh-»P»P-¾ïm-VôG-qºÛ-Çm¨ -»ÛG

repetitive work

zB¼-¿zk -hGôÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;

ÇS¼-‚Å-¸Ûm-qºÛ-‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-»PmÅ-»P-hÝ-zB¼-¿zk -‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ¾Å-;

replacement

(Gbï¼-μÅ-ˆÛ-)±z-ºHã¼ü

½Àm-GÁï¼-¿-e zÞºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ˆÛºHã¼-ºIôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Gbï¼-μÅÁÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-Å¤-n¤-q-»ôPÅ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

μôGÅ-Gbï¼-μÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-ºHã¼±ß¾ü replacement

±z-hPÞ¾ü

fund

replenishment

report

report card

z;ô¾-uôh-‚Å-mÅ-¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-¸hºIô-zºÛ-T-hPôÅ-hG-¾-z¸ô-zTôÅ-Å¤ü zXï-ºHã¼-GbôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¸Þ¼-zTh-‚ÅqºÛ-ŸÛP-qºÛ-ÇôSm-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÁÛG

1ü z¸º-VÅ-hP-ü Vß-ÅôGÅ-hPôÅ1ü D-GÅôü 2ü zÞh-μÅ-Çôom-qü zÞh-μÅ- μÅ-μôGÅ-¸Ûm-q-hG-zB¼-hÝ-ºGïP-zºÛ‚-GŸG-G¤-hïºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-ŸÛG GÅô-zü 2ü zÞh-μÅ-ˆÛÅ-zB¼-hÝ-¤ï-GÅô-zºÛ-‚uôhü 1ü Ç‰m-ºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-zü 2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-GbôP-‚ïhqü 3ü Ç‰m-fôü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-Å¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-‚ÅZïÅ-GP-‚ãP-¤Ûm-Çô+¼-¾-GôP-¼Û¤-hzPº²Ûm-¤Û-Ç¼o -ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-hPôÅ-»ôh-ˆÛ-GmÅ±ß¾-GP-»ôh-q-º±ô¾-ŸÛz-z¤ü ¤DôOæz-‚Å-mÅ-½âÀP-ºyÛm-m¤-±GÅ-ÁôGzMãh-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-¾-zOGÅ-Gb¤-Çtï¾zü 3ü Gmh-hôm-G-Gï-¤ô-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛhrh-ŸÛz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤fº-Çkô¤ü

Ç‰m-ÁôG

hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-mP-hGï-Lm-n¤ÅˆÛÅ-yâ-GÝºÛ-ÇôÀz-¢ôP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ÇôKGÅÞ¤-‚-uôh-ˆÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-WÛ-»Ûm-»ÛGfôG-bà-z;ôh-mÅ-yâ-GÝºÛ-w-¤¼-vôh-MãºÛ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÁôG-¿Ëï-ŸÛG repository

(T-hPôÅ-)ºWôG-GmÅü

T-hPôÅ-hG-GÅôG-ºWôG-G¤-Z¼±GÅ-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-Å¤-Çoôhü

representation

Pô-±z-ˆÛ-‚-GŸG

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛÅ-¤Û-GŸm-HÛ-±z-bàz;º-¤ô¾-GmP-zº¤-¾Å-hômÅôGÅ-Oæz-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKôü

repression

iG-Gmômü

z®m-Gmôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôh-h¤-zMãh¼Û¤ü »P-m-iG-Gmôm-‚Å-qºÛGmÅ-ÇPe Åü

reprieve

representative

reprimand

ÆôG-Vh-xÛ¼-zÁô¾ü ÆôG-ZïÅ- ÆôG-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-ZïÅ-Vh-zTh-qºÛz®ôm-q-GP-ŸÛG-ÆôG-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-ZïÅGÝ-»PÅü Vh-¾Å-ºIô¾-zº¤ü hÝÅ-±ôhw¼-ºHPÅ-GbôP-zºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾HÛ-z;º-M-ŸGÛ 1ü Ç+Ý-±zü ºfÞÅ-¤Ûü 2ü Pô-±zü

1ü GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-;º¤-Gb¤-zÁh‚ïh-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zÇ+ô-GŸG-G¤-ºôÅºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Ûü 2ü z¸ô-±ôP-DP-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-hPôÅ-¸ôGz®ôP-z¼-ºIô-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

1ü GÁï-zü 2ü GÁï-GÁïü

1ü Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-‚Å-ZïÅ-‚Å-qºÛAïm-HÛÅ-GôP-¼Û¤-¤Û-ÇÅo -z;º-zˆômGmP-zü 2ü ‚-Pm-‚Å-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-D-lÝP-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG reprint

zB¼-Cæmü

hï-ÇS-q¼-ºhïzÅ-‚Å-¸Ûm-qºÛ-hqï-hïz-¿ezÞºÛ-Pô-zÁÝÅ-q¼-¤ü

reprisal

hI-¾mü ºDôm-¾mü

¼P-¾-GŸm-HÛÅ-‚-z-ÇÝGk -qô-ŸÛGz¯¤Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-GŸm-¾-Çït¾zºÛ-º±ï-zº¤-GhÝG-¯çz-ˆÛ-‚-uôh-TÛG-

1ü Bïh-ºwï¾ü 2ü q¼-ÇôÀG zB¼-Cæmü

1ü ¯Û-ÁÛP-P¤ü »P-m-¤Û-hP-hÝh-ºIôºÛMãm-xÛ-¤-Bïh-Çtï¾-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚uôhü 2ü ºi-q¼-hP-hqï-hïzü »ÛG-Vü G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰mü O-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅzCæm-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-uôhü

¤Û-Åï¼-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-ZÛm-¤ôü

¤Û-Åï¼-M¾-Dz-bà-zNå¼-zºÛ-XïÅ-im-hÝÅÇeôm-HÛ-ZÛm-¤ôü

1ü BåG-ƒô-qôü Ÿï-ÅÞm-qºÛü 2ü Mz-ºG¾-HÛü

1ü »Ûh-Pô¼-¤Û-ºfh-TÛP-zÅÞm-ÇPo -BïzºÛü 2ü GÁÛÅ-uôh-h¤-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿-e zÞºG¾-¹¼-ºHã¼-zºÛü

Ç‰m-IGÅü IGÅ-qü

ºhÅ-qºÛ-uôh-±ß¾-¾¤-GÁÛÅ-uôh-¾GŸÛGÅ-bïü GP-¸G-G¤-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-¤Û-¤P-uÛ-»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-GÝÅ-z;Ý¼¼¤-»Û-¼P-WÛ-®¤-fôz-¤Ûmü

reproduction

republic day

repugnant

reputation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü hGôÅ-¤Dôü 2ü Zï¼-¤Dôü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-¤Dô-zº¤-hGôÅ-qºÛ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG 2ü ‚-z-GŸm-GP-¼ÞP-¯ô¤-q-¾¼P-ZÛh-¾-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-»ôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG

requisite

¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zü

¤fº-GTÛG-bà-hGôÅ-qº¤-PïÅ-q¼hÝ-¤Dô-zü

requisite

hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-‚-GŸG-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zŸÛG-¾-¤Dô-G¾-HÛ-ÁïÅ-‚º¤ü »Pm-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

1ü hGôÅ-ºhÝmü 2ü ¯ÛÅ-vôh-¼ï-ºhÝmü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-hGôÅ-¤Dô»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-¤Dô-vôh-hGôÅqºÛ-¼ï-ºhÝmü 2ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-GŸÝP-GŸmŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-»Þ¾-‚ô¾-z-ŸÛGxÛ¼-ÇÀôG-G¤-¯ÛÅ-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¼ïÇ+Ý¾-ŸÛG

hGôÅ-Fü

hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-n¤-IPÅ-DGÅ¾-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-ºGïPÅ-ÁôG

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-GôP-±h-GbmºzïzÅü

z¸ô-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-n¤Å-ÅÛ¾±ôP-hÝ-ƒÛm-MãG-»ôP-Vïhü z¸ô-CæmqÅ-±ôP-¸ôG-GÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-GôP-±hGbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

requirement

information

requisition

requisition form

resale price maintenance

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

z¯Û-ºIô-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-zXôh-qü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-hP-ü GmMü fG-GTôh-ÅôGÅ-h-mÅ-z¸ÞP-FÛ¤Å¤fÞm-z¯Û-Mã-¤Ûm-qºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qü

Administration rescind

rescue

resentment

reservation

reserve

Zïm-D-¾Å-Bôz-qü ºWÛGÅ-q- GP-¸G-G¤-‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºWÛGÅ¾Å-Bôz-qü Zïm-m¤-Gmôh-º±ï-Tm-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅÁÛG-¾Å-Bôz-qü DôP-º±ÛG DôP-ºFâG

¼P-ZÛh-¾-iP-Ç‰ô¤Å-¤-‚ãP-Ç‰¤-qºÛ-‚hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-¤ÛhGº-zº¤ü »P-m-DôP-FôºÛ-±ô¼-ÇPo ŸÛG

1ü ¸Þ¼-zThü 2ü „Àô-hôGÅü

1ü ¤Iôm-DP-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼ü »P-mGm¤-IâºÛ-@Ýz-ÇïeGÅ-ÅôGÅ-Vïh-Z¼ºWôG-‚-MãºÛ-Gô-OÛG-TÛG 2ü ¿e-±ß¾-¾¤-ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿-e zÞ-GPŸÛG-¾-fï-±ô¤-qºÛ-±ô¼-ÇoP-ŸÛG

1ü ¸Þ¼-zTh-‚ïh-qü 2ü ÇK¤-qôü 3ü Xï-±zü

1ü @Ýz-ÇïeGÅ-hP-TôG-®ïü DP-q-¾ÅôGÅ-¼P-ZÛh-h¤-GP-¸G-GŸm-¾ºfôz-MãºÛ-hôm-hÝ-¤PGÅ-zTô¾-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¿-e ±ß¾-hP-±ô¼-ÇPo -¾ÅôGÅ-Bï-zô-GŸm-¾-¾Å-ÇÀ-qô¼-¤-JÀïPzºÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-¿mk -qºÛ-GP-¸G-G-Gï¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Eh-VôÅü 3ü ¼Þ-DG-TÛG-GÛ-mP-¯ïh-¤ô-z-GŸmGP-¼ÞP-GTÛG-mh-q-VGÅ-qº¤ü ¤ºhP-zºÛ-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-hïºÛ-±z-bà-¯ïh-¤Dm-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ŸÛG reshuffle

zB¼-OÛG zB¼-h=âG

Çkï-DG-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¼ô¾-hÝ»ôh-qºÛ-T-hPôÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-Bï-zôn¤Å-ˆÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-ºwô-ºHã¼GbôP-±ß¾ü

residual

Ç‰GÛ Åü

zMãh-¼Û¤-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-¤WâG-GÛ-¿ËGºyôü

hzP-VºÛ-ºyôÅ-¿ËG hzP¿ËG

hzP-º²Ûm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-GŸm-DG-¾hzP-V-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-zMãh-vôh-‚Å¸Ûm-qºÛ-XïÅ-Å-Þ ÆhÛ -GŸÝP-GÅÛ -z¸ÞPzºÛ-hzP-±hü

ºyôÅ-¿ËG-¾Å-¤ïhü

Bï-zô-f¤Å-Th-¾-¾Å-;-¿km-qºÛhÝÅ-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-¾ÞÅ-hP-Åï¤Å-ˆÛ-h;ºP¾-HÛ-Aïm-qÅ-¾Å-;-¤Û-fÞz-q¼¿ËG-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁÛG

ÁÝ¾-mô¼ü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-hP-Bïh-;ÅôGÅ-vôh-hGôÅ-f¤Å-Th-vh-±¼zºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-¼P-ZÛh-ÁÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-¿ËG-qºÛMã-mô¼ü

1ü ¯-hGôPÅü 2ü h;º-±ïGÅ-hP-¾ïmü

1ü ¾Å-;º¤-»P-m-Gô-Å-„ôÀÅGbôP-zºÛ-‚-uôhü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôP-¤ÛfÞz-qºÛ-h;º-±ïGÅ-Tm-m¤ü vô-

residual power

residual unemployment

residuary

resignation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÇoP-¤Û-¿mk -qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁÛG-hP-¾ïm‚-Mã¼-z¸ôh-zÆm-¿km-qºÛ-ºhôh-¤ôÅü resolution

resort

resource

1ü IôÅ-Vôhü 2ü Åï¾-fzÅü 3ü ±GÅ-Vü

1ü ±ôGÅ-VßP-P¤-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚Å-qºÛ-zÅ¤-ºV¼-ŸÛG-GÛ±ß¾-¤fÞm-HÛ-zOGÅ-Gb¤-ŸÛG-Çïeü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-¾¤-mÅ-¤ôÅ¤fÞm-‚Å-q-ŸÛG-Gôü 2ü h;º-P¾-hP-ºG¾-ºhÝ-ÅôGÅºIÛG-ºWGÅ-‚ïh-qº¤-»P-m-Åï¾fzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü 3ü ÇoP-z½‰m-ŸÛG-Oæz-‚ïh-ˆÛ-±ïG-GÛ-V±h-¾-¿eôÅ-bï-n¤-GÅ¾-HÛ-ÇoP-z½‰mŸÛG-¢Ûm-qºÛ-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-HÛ-»ô¾-z-hP.q¼ºhïzÅ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mÝÅ-±hü

vô-GmÅü

Çkôh-DP-hP-Çïo-¾ïm-ŸzÅ-bôG-GÛ-¤fÞmAïm-¿mk -qºÛ-GÝ-»PÅ-vô-ÅïP-hP-ü ¾ôºDô¼-GÝP-ÅïP-GbôP-»Þ¾-IGÅ-Vï-zºÛÅ-V-ŸÛG

1ü fôm-DÞPÅü 2ü ¿eôÅ-Åü zdïm-Åü 3ü fzÅ-ÁïÅ-¸z-qü

1ü ºfôz-¼ÞP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-mô¼-HÛ-º‚ãPDÞPÅ-bïü hGôÅ-G¾-Çz+ Å-uôh-fÞz-qºÛ¸Þ¼-ºWôG-fôm-ºzz-z¤-fôm-ºzz-GÅ¼q-ŸGÛ 2ü hGôÅ-G¾-Çz+ Å-uôh-¼ÞP-hÝ-»ôhqºÛ-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤¤-Mz-Bô¼-HÛ-º‚ãPDÞPÅ-ÁGÛ 3ü Mãm-¿mk -¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-h;º-P¾-HÛ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¼ÛGÅ-¾-fzÅ-¤DÅ-ˆÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-GhôP¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü resource person

resourful

respondent

response

responsibility

Eh-Çôem-¤Û-Çüo fôm-DÞPÅ-¤Û-Çüo ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿-e zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG¾G-zÇe¼-Vïh-h¤ÛGÅ-z;¼-HÛ-¾¤Çeôm-¤Dô-vôh-hP.ü h;º-P¾-‚ïƒG-q-Åï¾-Mã-ÅôGÅ-¾-¼ôGÅ-wmzHÛÅ-q¼-¼Ûm-fP-¿mk -qºÛ-¤EïmdôGÅ-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-¤Pº-zºÛ-GP¸G f„Å-ÁïÅ-¸z-qôü

h;º-P¾-Åï¾-Mã-hP-‚-GŸG-GZï¼Mã-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-º±ô¾-z-¾¤DÅ-qü

1ü »-¾m-vôh-¤Dmü ¾mºhïzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü 2ü ¯ôh-¾m-qü »-¾m-qü

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-ºiÛ-ŸÛz-ˆÛÇ+zÅ-¿-e zÞ¼-iÛ-z¼-¾m-ºhïzÅ-¤DmHÛ-Bï-zôü 2ü ‚Å-hôm-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Hôhº²âGÅ-‚-»Þ¾-HÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG

1ü »-¾mü ¾m-ºhïzÅü 2ü n¤-ºHã¼ü

1ü PG-G¤-»ÛG-fôG-GÛ-¾mºhïzÅ-ÁÛG 2ü ‚-z-TÛ-ŸÛG-‚ãP-zº¤-¬Å-qºÛfh-¾-º²Ûm-qºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG

ºGm-ºDÞ¼ü ºGm-ºFÛü ºGmü

Gô-GmÅ-hP-¾Å-;-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Pô-zôºÛV-mÅ-Å¤ü ‚-z-GP-¼ÞP-fhºG¾-º²ô¾-‚ãP-Çz+ Å-DG-h=Û-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

º‚ãP-PïÅ-qºÛ-Çze Å-ˆÛÅ-Bï-zôº¤-‚hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-hô-DÞ¼-¼ôGÅ-¼¤ü »P-m-GhôP-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-¾Å-ºGm-ŸÛGG¤-Aïm-Pm-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-¾-DGh=Û-GhGÅ-»Þ¾ü rest house

restitution

restoration

restore

ºIâ¾-DP.ü ŸG-Åü

Å-DÞ¾-hÝ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-q-±ôÅ-Zïm-G»ô¾hP-P¾-GÅôºÛ-hôm-hÝ-uh-qºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG

1ü @Ý-Áô¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-¿-e zÞ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm1ü zhG-qô¼-xÛ¼-ÇôÀG 2ü ÇÀ¼-GÅôü Z¤Å-q-Åô¼- HÛ-zhG-qô¼-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºHã¼-¿ôkG-¤-ºIôVßhü GôP-GÛ-Ç-S ¤ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-¾-xÛ¼-¾ôG 1ü ŸÛG-GÅôü Z¤Å-GÅôü 2ü zB¼-GÅôü zB¼-ÇôÀG

1K ü DP-½ÛP‰ -hP-¼Û-¤ô-½ÛP‰ -q-ÅôGÅ-G®PÅï¾-hP-zB¼-zTôÅ-ˆÛ-‚-GŸG-TÛG-Çïeü hïºÛ-Çze Å-ˆÛÅ-hï-hG-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-fôG¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-fzÅü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-fôG-¤¼-»ôhÅº¤ü hï-ÇºS Û-GmÅ-zzÅ-Å¤-»P-mzhG-qô-Pô-¤¼-xÛ¼-ÇÀôG-‚ïh-qºÛ‚-uôhü

1ü ÇÀ¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü zB¼GÅô-‚ïh-qü 2ü xÛ¼-vôh-‚ïh-qü

1ü DP-q-hP-¼Û-¤ôü º²Ûm-VÅü ±ô¼ÇoP-hP-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü FÛÛ¤Å-ÅôGÅ-hïÇS-¿e¼-zB¼-GÅô-‚ïh-qü 2ü zô¼-z½ÀG-bà-ÅôP-zº¤-@Ý-Áô¼-zºÛ-‚hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-GP-¸G-hï¼-vôhqü

Administration restraint

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü z;G-Çôk¤ü 1ü ¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-‚-‚ïh-¾-ÇPe Å2ü ±ôh-º²Ûmü h¤-zOGÅü º²Ûm-m¤-±h-z;G-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-¿e3ü ŸÛ-ŸÛP-hÝ¾-zü ±ß¾-hP-hôm-hPôÅü FÛ¤Å-Æô¾ÅôGÅü 2ü hGôÅ-G¾-¾¤-»P-m-GmÅ¾ÞGÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-Çze Å-ˆÛÅ-‚-hPôÅ-GGï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-±h-z;G-G¤-ÇePÅº²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-uôhü 3ü ŸÛ-ºW¤-hP-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-¿mk -qºÛÇKô-mÅ-uôh-q-ºEï¼-±ß¾-HÛ-Eh-VôÅü ±h-z;G-Tmü hGG-‚-Tmü z;G-Çôk¤-Tmü GÅP-M-Tmü

1ü ºzô¼-±h-h¤-V-±h-VßP-PÞº¤±h-PïÅ-Tmü 2ü FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GÛ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm»ôh-qü 3ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-VôG-¤Vm¿km-qºÛ-¤Û-Dô-m-º²â¾-Bôh-VôG-ÅºÛGÅP-zº¤-Zïm-D-Tm-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾ü 4ü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-GÅP-zTm-»Ûm-ŸÛP-ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛVôG-¤Vm-¿km-qºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-¾-ºfôz¼ÞP-Dô-mü

resumption

zB¼-hÝ-ºGô-º²âGÅü

‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-fïPÅ-GTÛG¤±¤Å-Vh-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-zB¼-hÝ-ºGôº²âGÅ-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

retail price

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-GôP-±hü

hPôÅ-μÅ-ÅÛ¾-¤-‚Å-bï-±ôP-Nå¼‚ïh-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-±ôP-DP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-

restricted

1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hPôÅ-μÅ-Åô-Åô¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛGôP-±hü retailer

retain

retiring age

retouch

retraining

ÅÛ¾-±ôP-‚ïh-qôü

T-hPôÅ-n¤Å-ÇkïzÅ-±ôP-¤-»Ûm-q¼ºzô¼-±h-VßP-PÞºÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛFôh-hÝ-±ôP-¤Dm-HÛ-±ôP-¾Å-Å¤-±ôPDP-hP-Bï-zô-GP-¼ÞP.ü

1ü ¤Þ-¤fÞh-Z¼-qü Z¼-ÆâP‚ïh-qü 2ü G¸ÞP-zü 3ü JÀÅ-Z¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-Z¼-ºWôG-‚ïhqº¤-»P-m-Mãm-¤fÞh-hï-¿km-q¼-‚ïh-qü 2ü hPôÅ-μÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-iôh-hP-Vß-¿-e zÞºÛ‚-hPôÅ-Mãm-¤fÞh-hï-º²Ûm-qº¤-mP-hÝº²âh-q¼-‚ïh-qü 3ü ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-¼Ûm-hPÞ¾-vh-qºÛ-ÇôKmÅ-FÛ¤Å-¯ôh-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ŸzÅ-ºhïGÅfôz-q¼-‚ïh-qü

Lm-»ô¾-¾ô-±hü

¾Å-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-Lm-»ô¾-ŸÝ-MãºÛhÝÅ-¾-zzÅ-qºÛ-¾ô-±hü

1ü G®P-zÁï¼ü ŸÛz-±GÅü 1ü GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-Vïh-hÝ-zB¼-hÝ2ü GÅ¾-¤hPÅ-ºhôm-qü zTôÅ-qº¤-zB¼-hÝ-¼ïG-qü 2ü ¤fôP-ÇPo -Ç¼S -¾Å-»Ûh-hzP-ºyôGq-ŸÛG-bà-zCæm-Vïh-hÝ-ºi-q¼-hP-q¼ÁÝÅü q¼-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-GbôPzü zB¼-¢ôP.ü

hï-ÇS-¢ôP-zl¼-¸Ûm-qºÛ-¾G-¯¾-¾-hÝÅzÇeàm-D-GÅz-‚ïh-qº¤ü mÝÅ-¯¾-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

GÅ¼-q-ÇÀôz-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇôKº¤-zMãh¼Û¤ü retrial

ŸÝ-z-zB¼-¾ïmü zB¼-zÁï¼ü FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-»P-zB¼-‚ïh-q-Çïeü hï»P-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-Hôh-hôm-FÛ¤ÅGbàG-hP-fG-GTôh-¸Ûm-ˆP-fôG-¤ºÛFÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-hï-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-mô¼-º²ô¾‚ãP-zºÛ-Çze Å-ˆÛÅ-±ß¾-¿mk -m¤ü iP-zhïm-¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-GÅ¾-D-‚ãP-zŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-DP-hï-¼P-GÛÅ-zB¼ŸÛz-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIô-¾ÞGÅü 1ü xÛ¼-¿üe 2ü hÝÅ-±ïÅ-»¼-¾ôG-GÛü

1ü ºhÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-‚ãP-zºÛ-‚hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤ü »P-m-hïºÛ-fh-zÅ¤-„Àô-GbôP-zü 2ü FÛ¤Å-GŸÛº¤-fG-GTôh-TÛG-h¿eºÛ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-ºhÅqºÛ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-mÅ-¿GzÇe¼-‚ïh-Mã¼-h¤ÛGÅ-qü

revenue stamp

F¾-f¤ü

Zô-±ôP-hP-vôh-¾ïm-Ç+zÅ-hr-F¾-HÛhôh-hÝ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-m¤-»ÛG-VºÛ-ÇïeP¢¼-MãºÛ-=Û-ÅÛº¤-¢¼-f¤ü

review board

zB¼-ŸÛz-¿Ëm-MÅü

GmÅ-ÇPe Å-Å¤-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛGGôP-ºwï¾-hP-ü mô¼-zTôÅü »Pm-XïÅ-Nå¼-GbôP-hGôÅ-¤Ûm-ŸÛzºWâG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hzP-º²Ûm-¾ÅDÞPÅ-ˆ-Û ¤-Û Çïk-ŸGÛ

retrospective

Administration revoke

revolution

rig

rightful claimant

rigid

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü xÛ¼-zÇkÝ-‚ïh-qü 2ü xÛ¼-ºGÝG-‚ïh-qü

1ü xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-q-hP-xÛ¼-±ß¼-Çô+P-zü »P-m-D-xôGÅ-zNå¼-z-zTÅ-ˆÛ-ÇôK-mÅ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-mÝÅ¤ïh-z¸ô-zü 2ü BzÅ-zTô¾-¾¤-»P-m-xÛ-M¾-hÝGmÅ-Çôkh-ˆÛ-¾Å-GmÅ-mÅ-GP-¸G-VïGï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¼P-»Þ¾-hÝ-±ß¼-zÇ+ôP-zü

ºDô¼-Bôhü

GmÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-hÝ-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-ºDô¼zºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-V-±P-GTÛG-Çeïü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-G¸º-Ç¼+ -GTÛG-GÛÅGŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-±ß¾ü

1ü μâm-OÛG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ºƒâh-ºfïm-ºyâ¾-VÅü 3ü G¸ÛPÅ-G»ô¼-z;ôh-OÛG

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-fôz-ºhôh-qºÛ-¤WâGºƒÅ-hïºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ¾¤-mÅ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-ÁÝGÅAïm-‚ïh-qº¤-»P-m-Gô-OÛG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¤±ô-GbÛP-P¤-»P-m-Å-ºôG-mÅ-lôÇoÝ¤-hP-Åô¾-½ÀPÅ-ºhôm-q¼-z;ô¾-zºÛºyâ¾-VÅ-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG 3ü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ˆÛ-ÇïeP-hÝ-Iâ-G»ô¼-hPh¼-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-OïP-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

fôz-fP-Tm-HÛ-¯ôh-¾ïm-qü

‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛfôz-hzP-¿mk -qºÛ-GP-¸G

1ü z®m-qôü h¤-qôü 2ü ¼ïPÅ-qôü HôP-qôü

1ü OÛG-º²âGÅ-hP-fzÅ-¾¤-ÅôGÅÈ-TP-GÛ-h¤-mm-hP-zNå¼-zTôÅ-h;ºzü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü zï¤-hPôÅ-¿-e zÞ-¼ïPÅ-qô-hP-ÇÝ¾K zº¤-ºGÝGÅ-h;º-zü rigorous

P¾-z®ômü

z®ôm-q-n¤Å-¾-¾¤-z¸ô-Mã-hP-lôGTG-Mãü Å-zÇSôG-Mãü ºƒâ-ºfGMãü ÇS¼-Æô¾-HÛ-¾G-¾Å-hP-ºƒï¾zºÛ-fôm-Bïh-Çtï¾-Cæm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅDG-GZï¼-Mã-zTÅ-h;º-±ïGÅ-TmHÛ-P¾-¯ô¾-iG-qô-Ç+Ý¾-zºÛ-z®ômºWâG-ZïÅ-Vhü

1ü Zïm-±zÅü Zïm-Dü 2ü Zïm-D¼-º²âh-qü 3ü »-»Þh-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-Aïm-Pm-z¼-VhhP-¤WâG-ºƒÅ-Pm-qº¤-Gmôh-Bôm»ôP-GŸÛü 2ü ¼Ûm-fP-Vï-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôº¤-G¾ºGPÅ-Vï-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-¿-e zÞ-GmôhBôm-»ôP-ÆÛh-Å¼-¢ô¼-zü 3ü hôm-hPôÅ-fôG-zÅ¤-±ß¾-z¸Pqô-ŸÛG-¤-»Ûm-qº¤ü »P-m-¾ïGÅIâz-º‚ãP-¤Û-ÆÛh-q¼-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅÁïÅ-qºÛ-‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¼P-ZÛhˆÛÅ-¯ô¤-q¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü ±ôP-Çô+¼-zü 2ü ¾¤-z¸ô-zü ¾¤-zTôÅzü

1ü xôGÅ-Bôh-‚Å-bï-±ôP-ÁG-G¤T-¾G-Zô-¤Û-n¤Å-ºzôh-ºGÝG-‚ïh¤Dm-HÛ-±ôP-q-ŸÛG 2ü M-¾¤-¿-e zÞ-Z¤Å-GÅôºÛ-¾Å;ºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-JÀÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¤Ûü

imprisonment

risk

roadman

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

roadway

ºDô¼-¾¤ü

ÇoÝ¤-ºDô¼-ºIô-Bôh-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ¾¤-GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vü

robot

¿UGÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û-ÉïP.ü ºyâ¾-¤Ûü

Mãm-hÝ-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-½ô‰G-º²ÛPÅTm-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚-Mã¼-ºV¼-z;ôh-‚ïhVôG-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG

1ü ‚ïh-ÇôKü ¾Å-ºGmü 2ü ºFz-Vü hôm-Vü

1ü uÛ-±ôGÅ-Å¤-±ôGÅ-Çïkü »P-mGmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-‚-hPôÅ-Å¤-GP¸G-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-ºƒï¾-zº¤hGôÅ-hôm-m¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅü 2ü Gb¤-zXôh-hP-JôÀG-z½‰m-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛºFz-Çôem-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºFz-MãºÛ-V-ÁÅü

roll-call

¤ÛP-zÁï¼ü

fô-GŸÝP-hÝ-ºDôh-qºÛ-¤ÛP-n¤Å-±P-¤ÛmŸÛz-zÁï¼-Vïh-¼ï-¼ï-mÅ-ºzôh-±ß¾ü

rolling plan

ºDô¼-Bôh-ºV¼-GŸÛü

hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼ÛP-¾G-zÇe¼zHÛÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-ºV¼-Tm-zB¼-ŸÛz-¾hÝÅ-zÇeàm-D-Çô+P-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

roman figures

¼ô¤-HÛ-ÍP-;Ûü

Gmº-zôºÛ-¼ô¤-HÛ-ÍP-IPÅ-ˆÛ-G¸ÞGÅü

1ü ¾Å-zGôÅ-fô-GŸÝP.ü 2ü ¤Û-ºIôºÛ-fôGŸÝP.ü

1ü ¾Å-zGôÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïÅ-ˆÛ-fô-GŸÝPŸÛG 2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-VïhhÝ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-fÞz-PïÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛºÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü

1ü ºDô¼-ºIôÅü

1ü zdm-±ßGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ-ˆÛ-¿ïe-

role

roster

rotation

Administration

rough copy

route

route indicator

2ü Ç+ô¼-z-V-±P.ü 3ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅü ºDô¼-¼ïÅü

GmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-ºDô¼-±ß¾ü 2ü zdm-±ßGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅˆÛ-¿eï-GmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-ºDô¼-Bôh-V-±PŸÛG 3ü GmÅ-zzÅ-Eh-q¼-z-ŸÛG-GÛmP-z;ô¾-uôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôº¤ü GP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-PïÅTm-ŸÛG-¾-hïºÛ-±z-bà-GŸm-ŸÛGz;ô¾-ÇPe Åü

¼GÅ-¸Ûmü

G®P-ƒÛÅ-ŸÝ-hG-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ¸Ûm-ƒÛÅü

1ü ¾¤ü 2ü Mã-¾¤ü 3ü fzÅ-¾¤ü

1ü Å-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ÇïÀzÅqºÛ-Vïh-ºIô-Åü 2ü uÛ-uôh-½PÀ Å-ºDô¼-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Mãm-hÝ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-‚-»Þ¾¾¤-»P-m-hPôÅ-¸ôG-n¤Å-ºV¼Tm-GbP-»Þ¾-HÛ-¾¤-ŸÛG 3ü ‚-hPôÅ-G-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-Iâz»ôP-zºÛ-‚-fzÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG

¾¤-‚P.ü ¾¤-zlºÛ-‚P-zÞü

uÛ-uôh-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-hP-¤ï-ºDô¼ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-PôÅ-ÅÞ-z;¾-zºÛ-ÇôKqP-ŸÛG-Çïeü hïÅ-ºIô-»Þ¾-hP-¾¤z¼-HÛ-Å-±ßGÅ-G®ô-Vï-DG-GÅ¾Çeôm-‚ïhü

¾¤-GŸÝP-Gô¤-zIôhü

¾¤-GŸÝP-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇïeP-hÝ-

panel

route march

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

fG-¼ÛP-hÝ-Gô¤-zIôh-‚-xÛ¼-h¤G-¤ÛºÛ¾ÞÅ-¢ôP-ŸGÛ ºHÛG-f¤ü

GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-zÅ¤-„Àô-¤P-qô-¤-zbPz¼-Mãm-¿km-PP-VôG-¤Vm-GmP-zü

1ü GŸÛ-¤ü 2ü Ÿ-¿ËG

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛ-zXôh-GŸÛ-‚ï-ƒG-qŸÛG-G-Û GŸÛ-¯ºÛ-GmÅ-hômü 2ü ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¿-e zÞºÛºwï¾-¼Û¤-HÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

ruling

fG-GTôhü

hzP-º²Ûm-HÛ-Gô-GmÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-Bï-zô-GGï-¤ô-ŸÛG-Çïeü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-FÛ¤Åhqôm-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-fG-GTôh-TÛG

ruling party

GŸÝP-º²Ûm-±ôGÅ-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-M¾-Dz-ˆ-Û GŸÝP-G-Û ºGmhzP-Tm-HÛ-Çïk-DG

running

zÇeàh-ºIï¾ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¯ïh-¼ÛGÅ-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-‚ïhÇKô-hï-ZÛh-ºIô-¤ÞÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-fh;¼-Mãm-Vh-¤ïh-q¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh±ß¾-ŸÛG

run riot

¸ÛP-MGã

ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-¤ïh-q¼-Ç+h-Tô¼-hP-Gbà¤uôh-Çtï¾-zü

rural

IôP-GÅïz-ˆÛü

IôP-¤fºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-hP-ºi-zº¤-ºƒï¾-zü

rustication

1ü IôP-GÅïz-¾-hGº-Ÿïmü

1ü IôP-GÅïz-DÞ¾-HÛ-º±ô-z-¾-¼P-

rubber stamp

rudiment

commentary

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü ºy¾-Åï¾-xÛ¼-ºzÞhü 3ü ¤f¼-Côhü

zŸÛm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-VGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅÇePÅü 2ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-GZï¼-DP-ŸÛGmÅ-ÇôÀz-yâG-TÛG-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-¼ÛPxÛ¼-ºzÞh-GbôP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü 3ü IôP-GÅïz-Å-DÞ¾-hÝ-MP-ºzÞhGbôP-±ß¾ü

sabbatical leave

¾Å-ÅïP.ü fôz-ÅïP.ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG¾G-ÇôÀz-GZï¼-DP-GÛ-ÇôÀz-hqômn¤Å-Mãm-Gbm-HÛ-¾Å-DÞ¼-¤±¤ÅºWôG-GÛÅü Å-DÞ¾-GŸm-hÝ-ºIâ¾Bôh-hP-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-¾Å-hôm-Vïh-JÀ»ôh-fôG-zBôh-VôG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-ŸÛG

saber-rattling

iG-qôºÛ-ÇÛGk Å-zÇ+Ý¾ü

h¤G-hqÞP-ÅôGÅ-GbP-MãºÛ-ÇÛGk Å¼-zÇ+Ý¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

sabotage

Vïh-¤PGÅ-Gbô¼-Lô¾-‚ïh-qü ¼P-GÛ-D-Gbh-h¤-hI-zôºÛ-¾Å-hôm¾¤-¿ËôP-ºGôG-fzÅ-ÅÞü hïºÛ-D¼hzP-hP-Gô-¤±ôm-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ÅôGÅ-Vïh-¤PGÅ-Gbô¼-zÁÛGGbôP-zü

sac

BÛ-DGÞ

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¯Û-ÁÛP-hP-ÆôG-VGÅÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-BÛ-¤ôºÛ-μÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛA¾-qº¤-DÞG-¤-VßP-PÞ.ü

sack

1ü Nï-¤ôü

1ü ºƒÅ-hP-Iô-xïü lô-Åô¾-¿-e zÞ-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü xÛ¼-ºzÞhü GmÅ-h‚ãP-ü hPôÅ-μÅ-wôm-Vïm-¿kÝG-q-hP-Bï¾-ºiïm3ü Gbô¼-zTô¤ü Vïh-ºHÛG-hP-ÁôG-zÞº¤ü »P-m-hPôÅμÅ-Æ-zôºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ºWâ-¾ÞP¤ïh-qºÛ-Nï-¤ôü 2ü ¾Å-;-ºfÞÅ-Áô¼-¼¤-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾‚-uôh-ÅôGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-¾Å¤Û-GP-ŸGÛ -;¤-q-a-Û ŸGÛ -mÅ-x¼Û -ºzÞhGbôP-±ß¾ü 3ü z®m-z¸ÞP-‚Å-qºÛ-IôP-Eï¼-ÅôGÅˆÛ-mô¼-μÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Gbô¼-Bôm-hP-ºyôGzTô¤-z@ÝÅ-Eï¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG safe conduct

Zïm-ÆâP-¾¤-»ÛG

Zïm-D-»ôh-Å¼-ºIâ¾-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅÇ+zÅ-ºWâ-z¸ÞP-P¤-±ß¼-Lô¾-HÛ-Zïm-D¾Å-ÆâP-Bôz-z¤ü »P-m-hï-¿-e zÞºÛ-ÆâPBôz-ˆÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-»ôh-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG

safe deposit

z®m-Å¼-zTô¾-ºWôG

¯-VïºÛ-Mã-mô¼-n¤Å-z½ÀG-Çeô¼-hP-¤ïBôm-¿e-zÞºÛ-Zïm-D-¤ïh-Å¼-zTô¾-ºWôG‚ïh-ÅºÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-P¤-zTô¾-GmÅü

safe deposit

z®m-ÇK¤ü

hPÞ¾-DP-mP-Mãm-Gbm-hÝ-G¾-VïºÛ-»ÛGV-DG-hP-Mm-V-¿e-zÞºÛ-¯-VïºÛ-Mã-mô¼n¤Å-¸Þ¼-hÝ-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¾ÅIâz-qºÛ-Ç¤K -z®m-qô-ŸÛG

Gbm-fÞz-@Ýz-ÇïeGÅü

ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-¾¤-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-GÛÅ-zB¼-hÝºhï¤Å-fôm-HÛÅ-Å-¤ÛG-hïºÛ-fôG-»ôhzŸÛm-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-hïÅ-¤Þ-¤fÞh-º²Ûm-fÞz-

box

safe seat

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

PïÅ-ˆ-Û @zÝ -ÇïeGÅ-ÁGÛ wôGÅ-fôz-Tmü

¾Å-;-ŸÛG-GÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-¾ïm-¤Dmm¤ü »P-m-J-À wôGÅ-vôh-hGôÅqºÛü

1ü ±ôP-N¼å ü 2ü ÇtäÅ-N¼å ü

1ü hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-±ôP-N¼å -‚ïhqºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü 2ü hï-ÇôSm-fôm-μÅ-½ÛP‰ -q-¿ËG-ºyôÅn¤Å-G®P-z¸ô-Vïh-±ôP-DP-P¤ü z¸ô-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Mãm-Gbm-vôhºW¾-HÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-¾Å-h¤º-zº¤VG-»P-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-Çz+ Å-ÁÛG

sales clerk

±ôP-¼ôGÅü ±ôP-G»ôG

±ôP-DP-mP-±ôP-¸ôG-Zô-¤Dm-n¤ÅˆÛ-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-JÀ-qü

sales department

±ôP-Nå¼-Çkï-±mü

;¤-q-aÛ-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôm-¸ôG-n¤Å-±ôPºIï¤Å-ˆÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼-M¾-Dz-z¤±ôP-ºƒï¾-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Çkï-±mü

sales

±ôP-Nå¼-Ç+Ý-±zü

;¤-q-aÛ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-fôm-¸ôG-n¤Å±ôP-Nå¼-‚-MãºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-HÛÅü ºƒï¾-»ôh-±ôP-q-G¾-Vï-n¤Å-hPVïh-¤PGÅ-ºƒï¾-z-‚-Mã¼-;¤-q-aÛŸÛG-mÅ-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-GP-¸G

±ôP-º²Ûmü

±ôP-ÁG-Zô-¤Dm-n¤Å-¾-Mãm-Gbmvôh-ºW¾-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-¿¼e -

salaried

sale

representative

sales slip

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

±ôP-DP-Fôh-±ôP-ÁG-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-WÛ-®¤ZôÅ-qº¤-hï¼-z®ôPÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hPhïºÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-n¤Å-ˆÛ-ŸÛz-yºÛ-fô-ºGôhü sales tax

±ôP-F¾ü

hPôÅ-μÅ-Zô-±ôP-‚Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-ˆÛzM-V-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-¾-ºW¾-hGôÅqºÛ-Vü

sample

ÇtäÅ-±hü hqï-±hü

hPôÅ-μÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇäÅt -;-hP-ü EhVôÅü z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¤±ôm-‚ïhü

1ü ±ï¤-iâzÅ-ÇäÅt -±hü 2ü ÇtäÅ-±h-¿-e ¤Dmü

1ü ±ï¤-iâzÅ-ˆÛ-N-å ¯¾-hqï-¤±ôm-Ç-o ±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-zMm-qºÛ-¼Å-VºÛ-hÝ¤-zÞü 2ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇäÅt ±h-hP-Eh-VôÅ-¾-hrh-q-‚ïh-¤Dmü

mh-GÅô-DP-ü

»Þm-¼ÛP-mh-ˆÛÅ-¤m¼-ŸÛP-zTôÅ-fzÅh;º-zºÛ-mh-q-n¤Å-GÅô-fzÅ-Vïhh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-¿e-BôP-‚ïh-ÅºÛÇ¨m-DP-¿-e zÞü

1ü z;º-ºFô¾ü 2ü h¤-zOGÅ-z;º-Vhü

1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zNå¼-zTôÅÅ¤-¾G-zÇe¼-‚-Mã¼-GŸÝP-GÛ-z;ººFô¾-¾¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-VôG-¤Vmü 2ü M¾-uÛºÛ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-¾-z¯Û-ÆâP-ŸÝVïh-hï¼-M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-hPºG¾-zºÛ-±ôP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-‚-GŸG-ÅôGÅz;G-ºGôG-‚-Mã-GŸÝP-GÛ-z;º-Vhü

sampler

sanatorium

sanction

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

z;º-ºFô¾-ÇôSm-¯ÛÅü

¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝGbP-Mºã -Û hPÞ¾-ºzz-TGÛ -GŸÝP-GÅÛ PôÅ-mÅ-z;º-ºFô¾-‚ãP-±ß¾ü

Administration sanctioned budget

sanctioned budget estimate

±ôh-hqG-z;º-ºFô¾-ÇôSm-¯ÛÅü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z;ººFô¾-fôz-¸Ûm-qºÛ-ºIô-Iôm-¼ôz-¯ÛÅü ï1ü ¯-Vïmü ¼Ûm-fP-Tmü 2ü G®ÛGÅü

1ü ¤ÛºÛ-¤Û-±ïº¤-ºWÛm-dïm-¤fÞmºWâG-GÛ-GZïm-OÛG-¿-e zÞ-È-TP-G¾ºGPÅ-Vï-ŸÛP-z¯Û-z;Ý¼-ºôÅ-qºÛ-¼PzŸÛmü 2ü GP-ŸÛG-¯-Vïm-qôºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü BzÅ-»Þ¾ü 2ü ¼Û-hGÐ Å-±¾ü

1ü GŸm-HÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-º¤-XïÅ-ÅÞzÇ‰ïGÅ-qºÛ-hI-zôºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-Zïm-¿-e zÞ-¾Å-ƒôÅ-»Ûz-‚-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾¾¤-BzÅ-zTô¾-ÅºÛ-GmÅü 2ü EÛ-¼-z-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºWâ-z¸ÞP-P¤Gmôh-º±ï-¿e-zÞºÛ-Zïm-D-hP-ƒ¾-zºÛ¼Û-hGÐ Å-hP-‚-‚ÛºÞ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ»Þ¾ü

sandwich course

ÇÀôz-±m-Çtï¾-¤ü

ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-¾-uÛ¼-zbP-ÇÀôzGZï¼-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-¾G-¾ïm-¢ôPzl¼-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇôÀz-±m-ŸÛG

sane

¼ÛG-º±ô-¸Ûm-qü

Åï¤Å-n¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qº¤-GmÅ-hômGP-ŸÛG-fôG-Mã-¤±m-¿mk -qºÛ-fG-

sanctity

sanctuary

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

GTôh-‚ïh-fÞz-¤Dmü sanitary

G®P-£ºÛü

¼P-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-qô-zhï-fP-hP-Dô¼-»ÞGÅôGÅ-G®P-¤¼-Z¼-±GÅ-Vïh-¤Û-¾Å‚ãP-zºÛ-¤Û-G®P-z-¿e-zÞ-‚Û-hô¼-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

saving

GÅôG-ºWôG

hGôÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-zïh-¤-uh-q¼-zÆÛ-±GÅ‚Å-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-hP-hÝÅ-±ôh-ÅôGÅü

saving account

GÅôG-zTô¾-¯ÛÅ-Fü

hô-zhG-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-mÅ-hPÞ¾ÅôGÅ-hÝÅ-±ôh-m¤-»Ûm-¾-xÛ¼-ºhôm-mPºWâG-VôG-q¼-¤-¸hü hPÞ¾-ºzzzTô¾-ºWôG-GÛ-Bïh-;ºP-fôz-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾DP-zTßG-F-ŸGÛ

savings bank

GÅôG-zTô¾-hPÞ¾-DP.ü

zTô¾-ºWôG-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzz-¤º²âGÅ-‚ïh-q-hP-GÅôG-zTô¾-‚ïh-qô-hôzhG-Åô-Åô¼-Bïh-;-vôh-ºW¾-‚ïh-¤DmHÛ-hPÞ¾-DP.ü

1ü ‚ãP-¼Û¤-HÛ-ºIï¾-zÁhü 2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-HÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛü

1ü Mã-GP-ŸÛG-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¤-ºôPÅq¼-ºyh-MãºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-bàºHã¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Çô+¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-¿-e zÞü 2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-HÛ-ºFz-GŸÝP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛmP-hôm-ŸÛz-V-¤Ûm-q¼-ÇÛP‰ -zÇkÝÅ-ÁÛGƒÛÅ-qü

¸Þ¼-zÅ¾-¼ÛGÅ-Çïkü

M-G¼-mP-GŸÝP-mÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-ÁïÅ»ôm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fÞm-Aïm-

scenario

scheduled caste

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¢ô¼-ÅºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-±m-qü ¸Þ¼-zÅ¾-±ô-Çkïü

M-G¼-GŸÝP-mÅ-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-ÁïÅ»ôm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¤fÞmAïm-¢ô¼-ÅºÛ-Å-BïÅ-lô-BïÅ-ˆÛ-IôPGÅïz-q-¿-e zÞü

1ü ºV¼-GŸÛü 2ü G»ô-‚ãÅü

1ü ¾Å-hôm-m¤-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅ¾G-zÇe¼-hP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-¼Û¤-qü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-Dï-wm-fôz-Vïh-hÝGŸm-n¤Å-¤Gô-Ç+ô¼-zÇÀâ-ƒÛh-‚ïhfzÅ-ˆÛ-G»ô-NåºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

scholarship

ÇÀôz-»ômü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-‚-MãºÛ-¤fÞm-AïmhÝ-±ôGÅ-qº¤-ÇôÀz-I-Ô ŸÛG-mÅ-fôzMãº-Û hPÞ¾-ºzzü

school board

ÇÀôz-IÔºÛ-¿Ëm-MÅü

ÇÀôz-I-Ô DG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-hP-ºyôhzÇeïm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-G¸ÛGÅ-BôP-hP¤fÞm-Aïm-¤Dô-vôh-‚-MãºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼Tm-HÛ-Å-GmÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

school inspector

ÇÀôz-IºÔ Û-dôG-ŸÛz-qü

GŸÝP-GZï¼-ÇôÀz-I-Ô DG-GÛ-ÁïÅ-»ômHÛ-Vß-±h-¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-G¸ÛGÅ-ŸÛzVïh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-zÇ+ô-GŸG-‚Å-qºÛ¾Å-‚ïhü

fk ôm-;ºÛ-ÇôÀz-yGâ ¾ô-¤fºÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG

ÇÀôz-yâG-TÛG-GÛ-¼P-ZÛh-ÇôÀz-IºÔ Û-FôhÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-¤fº-¤-ŸÛG

scheduled tribes

scheme

schoolie

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hô¼-¼Ûmü

zïh-uôh-¸h-mÅ-hô¼-‚ºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GPŸÛG-GÛ-±ôh-hqG-‚Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-fP.ü

1ü ¤-xÛü 2ü ºFz-GŸÝP.ü

1ü hqï-hïz-z¤-»ÛG-V-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛfôG-¤ºÛ-»ÛG-GŸÛü 2ü JÀôG-z½‰m-ºFz-Çôem-hP-½âPÀ -ºyÛmMP-ÆÛP.ü ¹ôÅ-G¼ü Gb¤-zXôhÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-¤-hqï-ŸÛG

scrutiny

ŸÛz-zÁï¼ü

GmÅ-hôm-‚ãP-Aïm-GP-»Ûm-q-hïºÛ-GmÅ±ß¾-ŸÛz-y-dôGÅ-fzÅ-ˆÛ-ŸÛz-ºWâG-hômm-ŸGÛ

sealed bid price

h¤-¢¼-¼Ûm-zÇkÝ¼ü

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-zÇkÝ¼-±hÇ+zÅ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-ºIm-ÇÝk¼-ŸÝGÅ-¤Ûn¤Å-ˆÛÅ-¼Ûm-GôP-WÛ-®¤-vôh-¤Ûm-HÛhPÞ¾-ºzz-IPÅ-ºzô¼-z;ôh-hï-ºGôhºzÞ¾-ŸÝ-±ß¾ü

sealed tender

h¤-¢¼-hP-¾ïmü

hPôÅ-qô-hP-¾Å-;-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-GôPzÇkÝ¼-±h-mP-ŸÝGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-¼P¼P-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-z;ôh-hï-f¤-;ºÛMÅ-zbz-qºÛ-»ÛG-Çô+GÅü GbmºzïzÅ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ZÛm-ºƒï¾-»ôh-±Pº²ô¤Å-Å¼-D-ÇSôG-q-»Ûmü

season ticket

m¤-hÝÅ-MÅ-zTh-¾G-Eï¼ü

¤ï-ºDô¼-hP-¯ïh-¤ôºÛ-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-¿e-zÞ-hÝÅ»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-mP-fïPÅ-¤P-zïh-uôhVôG-qºÛ-‡-Û Å-Û ŸGÛ

scrap value

script

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

secession

xÛ¼-ºfïmü

M¾-Dz-z¤-xôGÅ-OÛ¾-¤fÞm±ôGÅü OÛG-º²âGÅ-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG-mÅ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

second childhood

LÅ-q-‚ÛÅ-ÇPo -ü

¾ô-m-LÅ-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-Bï-zôºGº-¼ïÅ-Ç¼À -»P-yâ-GÝºÛ-ÇPo -zº¤uôh-±ß¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

second class

¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-qü

¤ï-ºDô¼-¼¤-Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞÇkôh-GmÅ-ˆÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-¼Û¤-q-hPqôºÛ-ºôG-¤ü

secondary

ºƒÛP-¼Û¤-ÁïÅ-»ômü

¾ô-zTß-GTÛG-mÅ-zTô-zMh-z¼-HÛÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝº¤-hï-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-ŸÛG

secondary industry

¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-z¸ô-¾Åü

fôG-¤ºÛ-Mã-V-¿UGÅ-lô-ÅôGÅ-zïhuôh-‚Å-mÅ-fôm-μÅ-GÅ¼-q-Cæm¤Dm-HÛ-z¸ô-IºÔ Û-Çïk-±m-ŸÛG

secrecy

Ç~-GÅP-ü GÅP-fzÅü

GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸm-¾-¤Û-¤Pômq¼-Ç-~ GÅP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

secret agent

GÅP-ZÝ¾-qü

M¾-Dz-z¤-GŸÝP-GŸm-HÛ-GÅPzºÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û ŸzÛ -yºÛGmÅ-±ß¾-Åô-ZÝ¾-Vïh-hÝ-zïh-uh-qºÛBï-zôü

secret ballot

GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG

ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-ˆÛ-¤fº-¤ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-

education

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

fG-GTôh-»ôP-fzÅ-ÅÞ-¤Û-¤P-n¤Å-ˆÛÅGÅP-zºÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-ÇPe Åü GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hômü GÅP¾Åü

GŸÝP-ŸGÛ -¼P-G-Û Çô+¼-ÆPâ -h¤G-¤-Û hPVz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-GÅP-z-n¤Å-h¤-zOGÅhP-ü GŸm-HÛ-GÅP-z-dôGÅ-fzÅ-Vïhz;ôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-GÛ-Çïk-±m-‚ï-ƒG-TÛG

truce

ºy¾-Åï¾-h¤G-¤±¤Å-ü

GmÅ-Çz+ Å-Å¤-hÅÝ -»mÞ -fPÞ -P-Þ ŸGÛ -G-Û ¼ÛP-hI¼-º²Ûm-HÛ-h¤G-ºfz-¤±¤ÅºWôG-‚ïh-qü

ulterior

Ÿï-wÞGÅ-ˆÛü Mz-ˆÛü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-¤Pômq¼-¤Û-GÅ¾-z¼-Ç~Å-qºÛ-hGôÅ-hôm-m¤Mã-¤±mü

secret service

ulterior motive

ultimate

ultimatum

Ÿï-wÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝm-qü Mz-ˆÛ-;Ým- ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¤Pôm-q¼-¤Û-GÅ¾-z¼GÅP-zºÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-Oæz-ºhôh-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-ˆÛÇÀôP.ü h¤ÛGÅ-qº¤-zÅ¤-±ß¾ü 1ü ¤f¼-fÞG-GÛü 2ü ¤f¼-fGÞ

1ü ‚-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº¤ºÛ-‚ãP-zü hqï¼-mü ¤fº-¤ºÛ-zOæz‚º¤-h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-¿-e zÞü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hïºÛ-fôG-¤º¤ü ¤fº-¤ºÛ-¤fº-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG

¤fº-±ÛG

Bï-zôº¤-M¾-Dz-TÛG-¾-¤PGÅ-qºÛ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¤-zOæzÅ-±ï-¤WâGºƒÅ-Pm-q-WÛ-»ôP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Zïm-zl-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¤fº-¤ü ultimo

¹-z-Çôkm-¤ºÛü ÇSôm-¹ºÛü

GŸÝP-»ÛG-ºƒÛ-Æô¾-hÝü ¹-z-Çôkm¤ºÛ-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-±ÛG-¢ô¼ü

ultra-vires

hzP-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛ-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-hzP-±h¾Å-zL¾-bï-‚Å-qºÛü

umpire

z¼-hqP.ü

¯ïh-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛfh-zhïm-μâm-fôz-Áô¼-HÛ-fG-GTôh‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-V-¿mk -qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG

unaccompanied

¸Þ¼-GbôP-hô-qôü

Gm¤-Iâ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-zhG-qô-¼PZÛh-¤Z¤-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

¼ôGÅ-¤ïhü IôGÅ-¤ïhü

GŸm-ÅÞ-hP-GP-GÛÅ-ˆP-¼ôGÅºhïGÅ-¾-¤-zdïm-qºÛü

„Àô-¯ï-GTÛG-¤fÞmü uÛ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛ¼P-zŸÛmü

fG-GTôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG¾-±ôGÅ-¤Û-¿e-zÞ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-±P-¤ºÛMz-Bô¼-¼¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-V-±P-fôzqºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

unanimous

uÛ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛü

¤Û-±ôGÅ-mP-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛfh-¤P-¤ôÅ-ˆÛ-Mz-Bô¼-¼¤-¤ôÅ¤fÞm-V-±P-fôz-qºÛü

unassuming

¼ï-hôGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-¤Dmü

¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-Å¤ü ºWômfP-ÅôGÅ-¾-GŸm-HÛÅ-»Ûh-Çô¨m-hP-

baggage unaided

unanimity

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

hô-ÇPo -»ôP-zºÛ-ºhÝm-q-¤ïh-qºÛü unbecoming

¤Û-Ç¤t -qºÛü zzÅ-¤Û-VGÅ-qü GôÅ-Å¤-;Ým-uôh-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-Bï-zô-‚ï¤Û-¼m-qü ƒG-q-ŸGÛ -G-Û ¼P-GÁÛÅ-hP-¤-Û ¤fÞmqº¤-hï-¾-¤Û-¤²ïÅ-qºÛü

unclaimed

zhG-¤ïh-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-qºÛü

Mã-mô¼-¼¤-hPôÅ-qô-ÅôGÅ-hô-zhG-¼PZÛh-ˆÛÅ-hzP-z¼-¤Û-zXôh-qºÛü

unclassified

GÅP-z-¤mÛ -qºÛü

»ÛG-Vº¤-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-fh-GŸÝPºƒï¾-HÛ-GÅP-M-Tm-bïü ÅÞÅ-ˆP-ÁïÅdôGÅ-¤Û-VôG-qºÛ-»ÛG-V-¿-e zÞ-¤-»ÛmqºÛü

uncompromising

unconfirmed

unconstitutional

uncontested

¼P-Áïh-Tmü zÇeàm-fzÅ-¤ïh- Bï-zôº¤-±ôGÅ-q-wm-±ßm-hz¼-zÅ¤qºÛü ±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-ÅôGÅ-zÇeàm-ºIÛG-‚-MãºÛºhÝm-q-¤ïh-qºÛü Gbm-¤-ºDï¾-zºÛü ¼-ºyôh- GmÅ-hôm-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q¼-»ÛmqºÛ-DÞPÅ-Bï¾-¼-vôh-¤ïh-qº¤-¤fº¤-‚ãP-zºÛü ¤¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü ¯-FÛ¤Å-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü ¯- ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-Mã¼-OÛG-º²âGÅÅ¤ü Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÅôGÅFÛ¤Å-hP-ºG¾-zºÛü M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛÅ-GmP-z-¤ïhqºÛü D-Gbh-¤ïh-qºÛü

ºôÅ-zÇkÝ-¿-e zÞ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾GŸm-HÛ-ºIm-¹-¤ïh-qºÛü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

uncorroborated

Mz-dïm-¤ïh-qºÛü

Gb¤-zÁh-ÅôGÅ-¿-e zÞ-DÞPÅ-¾ÞPz®m-qô-»ôP-z¼-hqP-dGÅ-GŸm-HÛMz-Bô¼-¤ïh-qºÛü

under achiever

¼ï-±h-¤-¾ôP-¤Dmü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û fh-¼P-ZhÛ -ˆ-Û mÅÝ ¤fÞº¤ü GŸm-H-Û ¼ï-ºhôh-¿¼e -Ozæ -¤-Û fÞz-qºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü

under age

¾ô-±h-¤-¾ôm-qºÛü

FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-Å¤¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-¾ô±h-PïÅ-Tm-¾Å-h¤º-zü

under

Zï¼-uôh-ZÝP-Bômü

z¸ô-I-Ô ÅôGÅ-mÅ-zCæm-qºÛ-hPôÅqôºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛº²h-uôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-hï®¤-¤ïh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅü M¾-Dz-ˆÛz¸ô-±ôP-hP-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ÅôGÅZ¤Å-ZïÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

under employment

¾Å-;-ZÝP-Bômü

Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-¾Å-»Þm-¾ÅZÝP-zº¤-xïh-®¤-HÛ-¾Å-;

under hand

ºôG-¾G

¼P-ZÛh-Dô-mºÛ-Dï-wm-HÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¾Åhôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÅP-z-hP-¤-iP-qºÛÇKô-mÅ-‚Å-qºÛü

under invoice

fôz-F-ºyÛ-GTôG

hPôÅ-»ôh-vôh-¾ïm-HÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼¾Å-ZÝP-z¼-ºDôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôGzbP-fô-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

consumption

Administration under manned

under

¤Û-V-¤-ºhP-zºÛü ¤Û-V-ZÝPzºÛü

z¸ô-IºÔ ¤-Çm¨ -DP-ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û ¾Å-;-¾ïGÅqô-»ôP-Vïh-h-Ý hGôÅ-¤Dôº-Û ¾Å-¤-Û ºhPPïÅ-¤ïh-qü

fôm-Bïh-ZÝP-Bômü

hGôÅ-¤Dô-zbôm-qº¤-Mãm-¿km-HÛ-¤Dôvôh-‚ïh-q-¾Å-ZÝP-zºÛ-fôm-Bïhü

ºƒï¾-fG-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛü

¤PGÅ-Zô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-¾ÇÀ¼-»P.ÇôK-zÇeàm-¤-¸Ûm-z¼-hÝ-¤fº-¤ºÛ±ôP-fG-GTôh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü

¼Ûm-ºzz-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛ-fôzº²Ûm-z¸ô-zü

T-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-hôm-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¼Ûm-GôP¾Å-ZÝP-z¼-¼Ûm-GôP-MG-qü

production under reference

underbill

underdeveloped

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü »¼-MÅ-ˆÛ-±h-¤-¾ôPÅ- 1ü hïP-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-º²âGÅ-Cæm-hP-ü ºyâ¾qºÛü ¾Åü ºyôh-zÇeïmü hzô¼-ºiïm-ÅôGÅ2ü º±¼-¾ôPÅ-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛü ˆÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-»¼-MÅ-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-M¾Dz-¿-e züÞ 2ü Bï-zô-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¾ô-±h-hP-¤Z¤q¼-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-ÇeôzÅ-hP-V-±h-¤-¾ôPÅqºÛü

underemployed

¾Å-;-ºhP-PïÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

¾Å-DÞPÅ-Fôh-¾Å-hÝÅ-V-±P-¾Å-;‚ïh-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¾Å-hÝÅ-»Þm-ZÝP-z¼-‚ïh¤Dm-m¤ü ¾Å-;-ºhP-PïÅ-ÁÛG-‚-Mã¤ïh-qºÛü

undergraduate

Zï-zºÛ-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-¤ü

G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-GZï¼-DP-P¤ü ¤fôÇÀôz-DP-hÝ-GmÅ-¼Û¤-hP-qô-fôz-Vïh-ÇÀôz-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¢ôP-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ÇôzÀ -¤ü underground

underline

undersigned

understanding

undertrial

1ü Å-ºôG(¤ï-ºDô¼ü) 2ü GÅP-zºÛ-±ôGÅ-qü

1ü Å-ºôG-¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-zIôh-¾¤-¤¾G-¿e-zÞü 2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-D-Gbh-hÝ-GÅP-zºÛfôG-mÅ-¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Çtï¾-zº¤ü »P-m-ºfz-¯ôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Bï-zôºÛ±ôGÅü

ºôG-fÛG-ºfïm-qü

±ÛG-G¤-±ÛG-yïP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GÁ¤-hÝfÛG-mG-ºfïm-q-¿-e zÞü »P-m-GmÅhôm-ÅôGÅ-È-TP-G¾-Gmh-»Ûm-q¼Çeôm-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-mm-zÁh‚ïh-qü

1ü GÁ¤-¤ÛP-qü 1ü GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»Û-Gïº¤-»ÛG-V2ü ¤ÛP-dGÅ-GÁ¤-ºDôh-ˆÛü n¤Å-ˆÛ-¤fº-¤WâG-bà-¤ÛP-dGÅºGôh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G 2ü »ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GÁ¤-hÝ-ÅÞ-ŸÛGGÛ-¤ÛP-dGÅ-ºDôh-qºÛü 1ü zÅ¤-ÁïÅü 2ü mP-¤fÞmü

1ü GŸm-HÛÅ-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¿-e zÞºÛ-‚Pm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-z¸ôh-zŸïÅ-hP-GôÁïÅ-Zm-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-qü 2ü zÅ¤-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Bï-zôwm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-mP-ºƒï¾-¤fÞmIôÅü

FÛ¤Å-ŸÛz-ºôG-GmÅü FÛ¤Å- ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-q-GP-ŸGÛ -¾-F¤Û Å-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ŸÛz-¤-¸mÛ -qü

fôG-mÅ-ŸzÛ -hrôh-¤-¸mÛ -qºÛ-GP-¸G

undignified

zXÛh-Z¤Å-¤Û-¿mk -qºÛü

GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û Aïm-HÅÛ -¼P-¾-GŸm-HÅÛ -Ç¼S º²Ûm-qºÛ-z¯Û-z;Ý¼-ÅôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-H¼ã -qhP-¤fôP-VPß -G-Û GŸÛ-¯¼-H¼ã -qü

undisbursed

¤Dô-vôh-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛ-zÞ-¾ômü

hPÞ¾-DP-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-GŸm-¾-zÞ-¾ômGbôP-h¤ÛGÅ-Vïh-¸Þ¼-zTh-»ôh-qºÛDôPÅ-mÅ-ºIï¤Å-vôh-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛ-hPÞ¾ºzô¼ü

undisputed

¯ôh-¤ïh-ˆÛü JÀïP-¤ïh-ˆÛü

GŸÛ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-fh-wm-±ßmhz¼-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-¯ôh-JÀïP-¤ïh-qºÛü

undue

¿ËG-qºÛü f¾-Vï-zºÛü

»Þ¾-hÝÅ-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-ÅôGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qGP-ŸÛG-hP-º±¤Å-qºÛ-¼Û¤-qº¤-±hGŸÛ-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü

unearned

¿Ëàm-Iâz-»ôP-ºzzü

¾Å-;-‚Å-mÅ-fôz-qºÛ-JÀ-ºzz-¤-»Ûmq¼-¼P-ZÛh-ÇïK¼-HÛ-D¼-hzP-hP-¤-¯ºhôm-ºWôG-‚Å-mÅ-fôz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü

GÅ¾-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü ÇSôGºhôm-‚ïh-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-¤fÛ¾-xÛm-‚ÅmÅ-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÅP-OôG-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¾Å-¤ïh-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü 2ü ¾Å-¤ïhü

1ü º±ô-fzÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-;-¿-e zÞ-J-À wôGÅ»ôP-ºzz-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-IPÅü 2ü ¾Å-¤ïh-h¤-¾Å-;-¤-fôz-qºÛGmÅ-ÇPe Åü

loan

income

unearth

unemployment

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

unexpired

hÝÅ-±ôh-¤-fÛ¤-qºÛü

IôÅ-¤fÞm-hP-VôG-¤Vm-¾G-Eï¼-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û hÅÝ -»mÞ -h-hPÝ -¤-μôGÅqºÛü

unforeseen

ÇSôm-Å-mÅ-¤-¤fôP-zºÛü

xÛÅ-ÅÞ-»ôP-Mã-GP-ŸÛG-ÇôSm-±ßh-mÅ¤-im-qº¤-zÅ¤-GŸÛGÅ-¤-‚ãP-zü

unicameral

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-AP-¿km-HÛü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-GTÛG-¼P-Tm-HÛ-FÛ¤Åz¸ô-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

unification

GTÛG-Hã¼-z¸ô-zü

f-hh-Åô-Åô¼-¤-»Ûm-q¼-GTÛG-bàOÛ¾-zº¤-£ï¾-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚GŸG »P-m-hïºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¿-e zÞü

1ü OÛG-VÅü ¾Å-Ÿ-Ð ¾ÅGôÅü 2ü ºHã¼-¤ïhü

1ü ÇÀôz-IºÔ Û-Fôh-ÇôÀz-yâG-G¤-¾Å;-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-¿-e zÞü »P-mOÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛV-¤±ßPÅ-ˆÛ-Hôm-VÅ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾ŸÛG 2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-uôh-±ß¾-¾¤-EhVôÅü ±h-GŸÛ-hP-ü »P-m-ÇäÅt -; D-hôG z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅôGÅ-ºHã¼-z¤ïh-qºÛü

uniformity

GTÛG-¤±ßPÅü GTÛG-Hã¼ü

GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-hqï¤±ômü ¼P-zŸÛmü Eh-VôÅ-¿-e zÞü

unilateral

xôGÅ-GTÛG-Dô-mºÛü

±ôGÅ-¤Ûº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-GŸm-HÛÅ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-¤ïh-q¼-¼P-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-‚-

uniform

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

GŸG uninterrupted

z¼-hÝ-¤-Vôh-qºÛü

‚-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hPôÅ-qôGŸm-HÛÅ-ºGôG-Aïm-m¤-z¼-Vh-¤ïh-qü

union territory

hzÞÅ-º²Ûm-¤Pº-DÞ¾ü

hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-mÅ-fh-;¼-º²Ûm-BôP-ÇPe Åº²Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-M-G¼-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾-ŸÛG

1ü z¸ô-±ôGÅ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü 2ü z¸ô-±ôGÅ-¾-Mz-Bô¼ü

1ü P¾-¯ô¾-BÛh-ÇÝGk -GÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅ-Å¤¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¯-º²Ûm-DG 2ü P¾-¯ô¾-BÛh-ÇÝGk -GÛ-±ôGÅ-DôPÅÅÞ-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-Å¤-GÅ¼-º²âGÅ-¾Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

z¯Û-GŸÛü

GŸ¾-‚ºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤P-ZÝPhP-ü ¿YÛh-±hü ¼ÛP-fÞP.ü ÇtäÅ-;ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛ-º²Ûm-Åü

1ü ¯ÛÅ-GŸÛºÛü 2ü GTÛG-£ï¾ü GTÛG-bàºhÝÅ-qºÛü

1ü ¯ÛÅ-GŸÛº¤ü »P-m-AP-q-hPºƒï¾-zü 2ü Å-DÞ¾-¾¤-Çïk-DG-n¤Å-wm-±ßmGôP-zÞ-GTÛG-ºIÛ¾-hÝ-GmÅ-ÁÛP-ü hïn¤Å-GŸÝP-P¤-Çïk-DG-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇPe Åº²Ûm-ºôG-»ôh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü

VÛG-OÛ¾ü ¤fÞm-OÛ¾ü

wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-qº¤-¤Z¤-ºhÝÅ-ˆÛÅ¾Å-;-‚ïh-qü »P-m-GTÛG-bà-ºIÛ¾zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

unionism

unit

unitary

unity

Administration universal

university

unmarried

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü »ôPÅ-Ez-ˆÛü º²¤-JÛPÀ Eôm-»ôPÅ-ˆÛü 2ü GmÅ-hÝÅ-¾-¿ôeÅ-¤ïh-ˆÛzhïm-qü ¼P-zŸÛm-GmÅ¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±ôGÅ-q-‚ï-ƒGG¤ü ºWÛG-dïm-ºhÛºÛ-Bï-zô-»ôPÅˆÛÅ-‚Å-qº¤-f¤Å-Th-hï¼-GbôGÅqºÛü 2ü hÝÅ-f¤Å-Th-hP-GmÅ-f¤ÅTh-hÝ-zhïm-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛü

G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP.ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-IÔ-Vïm-qôü

¤fô-¼Û¤-ÇÀôz-fôm-HÛ-¾G-Eï¼-VïhÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-¼Û¤-q-¤fô-ÁôÅ-Å¤ü Z¤Å-ŸÛz-‚-MãºÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-¿mk -qºÛÁïÅ-»ôm-¿eï-GmÅ-ÁÛG

GZïm-OÛG-¤-‚Å-qºÛü VP-Å- ºWÛG-dïm-¤fÞm-ºWâG-¤-‚Å-qºÛ¤-zMz-qºÛü GmÅ-zzÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü

unofficial

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¤-»Ûm-qºÛü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-P¤-hzP¿km-ºGm-º²Ûm-HÛ-PôÅ-¾ïm-m¤-VôG¤Vm-hP-¤-ºƒï¾-zºÛü

unopposed

hGG-‚-¤ïh-qºÛü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¿-e zÞ¼-GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛGfh-hGG-‚-‚ïh-¤Dm-GTÛG-ˆP-¤‚ãP-zºÛü

unparliamentary

unprecedented

±ôGÅ-q¼-h‚ãP-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛü IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-hP-¤ÛIôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-hP-¤Û- ¤fÞm-qº¤ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ¤fÞm-qºÛü ‚-uôh-h¤-Gb¤-zÁh-¿e-zÞü ÇS¼-¤-‚ãP-zºÛü ÇS-m-¤-IGÅ- ‚ïh-¾Å-Å¤-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-GP-ŸÛGqºÛü ÇSôm-Vh-¾ô-MãÅ-fôG-‚ãP-¤-¥ôP-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zº¤-¤±m-GŸÛ-¤ïh-qºÛü unprofitable

unqualified

unrealizable

unreasonable

unrecorded

unregistered

Dï-ºzz-¤ïh-qºÛü

z¸ô-I-Ô ¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Dï-ºzz-z¤-wmfôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¤Û-¼m-qü ºôÅ-VôÅ-¤Û±P-zºÛü 2ü ±h-z¸ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¾Å-;-‚ï-ƒG-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-q-¾hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-»ôm-bm-hP-ü Z¤Å-¥ôPü ÁïÅ-»ôm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±h-¾ïGÅ-q¼¤Û-¿km-qº¤-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛü 2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ÿm-V-±h-¤ïh-qº¤±h-z¸ÞP-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü hôm-hÝ-¤Û-ºEô¾-zºÛü 2ü dôGÅ-¤fº-ƒ¾-zºÛü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-hP-zOæz-‚¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-hPôÅ-»ôh-¾G-¾ïm-hÝ-Oæz¤Û-fzÞ -qºÛü 2ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-hôm-ÅôGÅ¾ïGÅ-q¼-dôGÅ-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

1ü ¼ÛGÅ-q-hP-ºG¾-zºÛü 1ü GP-ŸÛG-Mã-¤±m-¾Å-ºG¾-zº¤2ü hôm-hPôÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü hï-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü 3ü Mã-¤±m-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛü 2ü Bï-zôºÛ-;Ým-uôh-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-hômhPôÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÛG-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü 3ü Mã-¤±m-HÛ-±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-zL¾-zü »ÛG-fôG-¤-ºDôh-qºÛü ¸Ûmfô¼-¤-ºDôh-qºÛü

ºhÅ-¸Ûm-qºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-‚ãP-z-¿-e zÞGP-ŸÛG-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»ÛG-hïz-z¤-¾ôMãÅ-»ÛG-VºÛ-fôG-fô-ºGôh-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

hïz-Bï¾-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü

GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-

Administration

FÛ¤Å-fôG-hïz-ºGôh-¤-‚Å-qºÛ-»GÛ Vü

document

unreserved

unsafe

unsecured

unserviceable

unsound mind

unspecified

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü ÇK¤-qô-¤-»Ûm-qü 2ü ¸Þ¼-zTh-¤-‚Å-qºÛü ¸Þ¼-z;G-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-GÅPÅGbÛP-GÅPÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-GÁÛÅ-; 2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-Bï-zô-‚ï-ƒGG¤-zïh-uôh-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛG-GÛVïh-hÝ-¸Þ¼-zŸG-¤-‚Å-qºÛü

1ü Zïm-D-Tmü 2ü mô¼-z-Tm-HÛ-fG-GTôhü

1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-¼P-¾-GmôhBôm-‚ãP-zº¤-Zïm-D-Vï-zºÛü 2ü zhïm-q-¤-»Ûm-q¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-hmdGÅ-¿-e zÞ¼-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-FÛ¤ÅfôG-GÛ-fG-GTôhü

ºGm-ÆâP-¤ïh-qºÛü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛHôP-GÝm-¿-e zÞºÛ-Zïm-D¼-ºGm-ÆâPPïÅ-zdm-¤ïh-qºÛü

z;ô¾-uôh-¤ïh-qºÛü zïh-¤ïhü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mÝÅ-q-¿-e zÞ-Z¤Åh¤Å-ÅÞ-xÛm-qº¤-z;ô¾-uôh-ˆÛ-wmmÝÅ-º‚Ûm-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü Åï¤Å-¤Û-zhï-zü Åï¤Å-mhTmü

Åï¤Å-mh-ˆÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-Åï¤Å-D¤Åzhï-fP-¤-»Ûm-qü

PïÅ-z¸ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛü GÅ¾-D- h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¹-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-IPÅÅôGÅ-PïÅ-GÅ¾-¤ïh-qºÛü ¤ïh-qºÛü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zbP-¿ËG

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û Vïh-h¤ÛGÅ-z;¼-¸¼Þ zbôm-‚Å-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸGÛ -G-Û DôPÅmÅ-zïh-uôh-h¤-ºIô-ÅôP-¤-zbP-qºÛhPÞ¾-ºzô¼-¿ËG-¤ü

untenable

ºGôG-ÆPâ -¤-Û fzÞ -qºÛü

GŸm-HÛÅ-Lô¾-z-hP-Bôm-zXôh-ÅôGÅºGôG-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛü

untrained

¢ôP-zl¼-¤ïh-qºÛü

¾G-¯¾-¾¤-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-GPŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-Oæz-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾HÛ-¢P-¯¾-¤ïh-qºÛü

untrustworthy

»Ûh-zdm-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛü

GP-ŸÛG-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-„ÀôÅ-ºGï¾-¤Û-fÞzqº¤-‚ïh-¤Û-ºôÅ-qºÛü

1ü ÇezÅ-¤Û-zhï-zü 2ü z;ôh-WâÅ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûmh;º-zºÛü

1ü hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¿ÛhY -¿Û-U zº¤-zôPÅ-±h-VïzºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-¾¤-±ôh-º²Ûm‚ïh-h;º-zºÛü 2ü È-TP-GŸÛ-M-hP-¤Gô-½ô‰G-Vï-zºÛAïm-HÛÅ-Gô-OÛG-hP-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-‚ïhh;º-zü

¤Û-ºôÅ-qºÛü ºôÅ-zzÅ-¤ïhqºÛü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-GŸm-HÛ-GÝÅ-ŸzÅ-ÅôGÅfôz-bà-ºôÅ-q-¾-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-VôÅn¤Å-¤Û-¿km-qº¤-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü h-¿ºe Û-z¼-HÛü hÝÅ-fôG±¼-zü 2ü hÝÅ-¤fÞm-HÛü

1ü h-¿ºe Û-z¼-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-GÅ¼-ÁôÅGP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Çô+¼-V-±P-ºDôh-»ôh-qº¤¿km-qºÛü

unspent balance

unwieldy

unworthy

up to date

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü hïP-hÝÅ-GôÅ-¾ôG-GÛ-hqï-GÅ¼hP-hïºÛ-ºIô-ÇPe Å-ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛfh-V-±P-MãÅ-¤Pº-¾ôm-qº¤-GôdôGÅ-¿km-qºÛü updation

upgrade

upkeep

uplift

hÝÅ-¤fÞm-zNå¼-zTôÅü

Ç+zÅ-zzÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ÅôGÅ-GPŸÛG-GÅ¼-hÝ-D-zÇ+ôP-zº¤-zÇommÅ-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ÁÝGÅ-±h-Çôt¼-zü 2ü GmÅ-¼Û¤-Çôt¼-zü

1ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-hP-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-¿-e zÞGP-ŸGÛ -G-Û ±h-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û mÅÝ ÁÝGÅ-Vï-¼Þ-GbôP-zü 2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-GmÅ-Å¤¾Å-;ºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅ-Çtô¼-zº¤-¤fô¼Þ-GbôP-zü

1ü zhG-GTïÅü 2ü zhG-GTïÅ-ºIô-ÅôP.ü

1ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛGmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÅôGÅ-Z¤Å-h¤Å-ÅÞ¤-xÛm-q¼-Mãm-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zôºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅÅôGÅ-¤Û-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¤Dô-ºhôm‚-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü

1ü GôP-hÝ-ºhïGÅ-qü 2ü Åï¤Å-hqPÅ-zÇeôh-qü

1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º±ô-zºÛ-GmÅÇePÅ-hP-ü zÅ¤-„ôÀºÛ-Vß-±hü z¸P-qôºÛ-uôh-±ß¾ü ÁïÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅÇeôzÅ-ÅôGÅ-GôP-ºwï¾-hÝ-GbôP-Mã¼wm-IôGÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü h;º-P¾-¿-e zÞ¼-GhôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

q¼-zÅ¤-„ôºÀ -Û mÅÝ -ÁGÝ Å-Çô¼t -zº¤-ÇPÛ‰ ÇeôzÅ-Çtï¾-zü upper house

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-GôP-¤ü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ-¾-Çkï-±m-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-»ôhqºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-Çïeü Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-hzPÁÝGÅ-VßP-z-»ôh-qºÛ-Çïk-±mü

urban

IôP-Eï¼-HÛü

IôP-Eï¼-hP-IôP-l¾-HÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞGbôGÅ-qº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zü »P-mIôP-Eï¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛü

urbanization

IôP-Eï¼-hÝ-zNå¼-zü

Bï-zô-Wï-¤P-mÅ-Wï-¤P-IôP-GÅïz-ˆÛ-ÅDÞ¾-ÅôGÅ-hô¼-mÅ-IôP-Eï¼-HÛ-mPGmÅ-ÇtôÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚GŸG

²-iG-GÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü D-±-hGôÅ-GbàGÅü

hï-¤-fG-bà-hô-ÇoP-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïhhGôÅ-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü

urgency

urgent

usage

²-iG D-±-hGôÅ-GbàGÅ-ˆÛü hï-¤-fG-bà-hô-ÇoP-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-hGôÅqºÛü 1ü ±ÛG-¢ô¼ü 2ü Gô¤Å-Æô¾ü

1ü Ç+h-»ÛG-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-±ÛG-hP±ÛG-Oæz-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ºIô-¾ÞGÅ-Å¤-zïhuôh-‚ïh-±ß¾ü 2ü Mãm-¿mk -»ôPÅ-IGÅ-ÅÞ-PôÅ-¾ïm»ôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¼Û¤qü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

usurp

È¤-ºyôG-‚ïh-qü

¼P-ZhÛ -¾-fôz-fP-¤ïh-zŸÛm-h-Ý Bï-zôGŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-hzP-V-hP-Gô-GmÅÅôGÅ-ºyôG-qü

utilisation

zïh-uôh-PôÅ-¢ô¼ü

GŸÝP-P¤-±ôGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-¾Åhôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-vh-qºÛ-hPÞ¾ºzô¼-zïh-uôh-‚Å-qºÛ-¾G-Eï¼ü

1ü ¤Dô-vôh-ŸzÅ-ŸÝü 2ü ¤Dô-zïhü uôh-ÇôKü 3ü uôh-ÇôK-¤P-zºÛü

1ü ±ôGÅ-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-mÅ-JôÀGhP-½PÀ Å-μÅü hï-zŸÛm-Vß-ÅôGÅhGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-¤Û-¤Pn¤Å-¾-¤Dô-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-ŸzÅºhïGÅü 2ü GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-Oæz-q¼-wmfôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-m¤-Eh-VôÅü 3ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-GÛVïh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-h¤-wm-fôGÅ-»ôh¤Dm-HÛü

utilization

uôh-ÇKôü

GP-ŸÛG-zïh-uh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe ÅÅ¤-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

utilize

zïh-uôh-qü

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-hôm-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛVïh-hÝ-wm-mÝÅ-¿km-qº¤-D-»ôh-¾G»ôh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-GbôP-zü

1ü Å-ÇôeP.ü 2ü >Àh-¤ïhü 3ü h¾-Dô¤ü Dô¤-¾ôP.ü

1ü zhG-z¸ÞP-‚ïh-qô-¤ïh-qºÛ-GôÅº¤-Å-¤ÛG 2ü ¼ÛG-qº¤-zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-¤ïh-qü

certificate

utility

vacancy

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

3ü ¾Å-;º¤-‚-GŸG-¿-e z-Þ hP-¤-Û ¿mk qü vacate

vacation

vaccinate

vaccination

vaccine

1ü ÇeôP-q-z¸ô-zü 2ü (FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-)mÝÅ¤ïh-z¸ô-zü

1ü GmÅ-hï¼-»ôh-¤Dm-hï-fôm-bï-hï-ZÛhÇeôP-q-ºhôm-qü 2ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-¯ÛÅ-¤ïh-h¤ü mÝÅ¤ïhü »P-m-¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-zü

1ü ¾Å-¤±¤Åü 2ü GÝP-ÅïP.ü

1ü P¾-GÅô-zº¤ü ºIâ¾-zŸÝhü hïzŸÛm-vô-BÛh-ˆÛ-xÛ¼-ºhº-zºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü 2ü FÛ¤Å-DP-hP.ü ÇÀôz-IüÐ hï-zŸÛmn¤-;Ým-HÛ-¾Å-hôm-GŸm-HÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛmP-GÅ¾-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-¾Å-¤±¤ÅˆÛ-hÅÝ -Çz+ Åü

ÇSôm-ºGôG-Çm¨ -Dz-MG-qü Ç¨m-º²âGÅ-qü

¤Ûº¤-hÝh-ºIô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-mh-¤Û-º‚ãPzºÛ-Vïhü hï-¾-Çm¨ -Dz-ˆÛ-¾¤-mÅG¸ÞGÅ-qôºÛ-mP-ÇôSm-ºGôG-GÛ-μÅºhïzÅ-qü

Ç¨m-º²âGÅü mh-ºGôG-Çm¨ º²âGÅü

ÇSôm-ºGôG-Çm¨ -Dz-º²âGÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸGG¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

mh-ºGôG-Çm¨ ü ºGôG-Çm¨ ü

mh-GP-ŸÛG-¤Û-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Vïhü ¤Ûº¤hÝh-ºIô-¾-Ghz-MãºÛ-Gmôh-º±ï-‚ïh-qºÛmÝÅ-q-hP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-Pô-zô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-mhhï-ZÛh-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-y-ÆÛm-hP-¿mk -qºÛ-μÅÁÛG

Administration vague

valediction

valedictory address

valid

validation

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü GÅ¾-¾-¤Û-GÅ¾-HÛü 2ü GÅ¾-D-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü BïÅ-zºÞ -Û Åï¤Å-mP-im-qº¤ü zÅ¤-±ß¾ü ºV¼-ÇôK-ÅôGÅ-GÅ¾qô-¤Ûm-qºÛü 2ü ºV¼-GŸÛº¤-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾ÅôGÅ-GP-ŸGÛ -G-Û Çô+¼-ŸzÛ -yºÛ-GmÅ±ß¾-¤ïh-qºÛü

wïzÅ-Bï¾-Çô¨m-±ÛG HïÅGb¤ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-Gb¤zÁh-mP-ÇôÀz-q-¤f¼-Åôm-qºÛ-ÇôÀzyâG-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-G-¾ï¼-wïzÅŸïÅ-zXôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

wïzÅ-Bï¾-GÅÞP-zÁhü ÇÀôzfôm-GÅÞP-zÁhü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ÇÀôz-IÔ-hP-¤fô-ÇÀôzÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇôÀz-fôm-¤²h-ÇôKºÛ-Çz+ Å-ˆÛhGº-Bï¾-Gb¤-zÁhü

1ü ¯ÛÅ-ºIô-»ôh-qºÛü 2ü mÝÅ-q-¿mk -qºÛü

1ü ¾G-Eï¼-hP-»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅ-fÛ¤hÝÅ-ˆÛ-¹-±ïÅ-¤-¸Ûm-qº¤ü V-AïmPïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºôG-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚-¼ÞPhP.zïh-uôh-‚-¼ÞP-»Ûm-qü 2ü IôÅ-¤fÞm-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-FÛ¤ÅfôG-mÅ-z¯Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-»ôh-qü

¯ÛÅ-ºIôü FÛ¤Å-mÝÅ-hP-¿mk - »ÛG-V-hP.ü zÅ¤-±ß¾ü iÛ-z-¾q-z¸ô-fzÅü ÅôGÅ-q-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-PôÅ-¾ïm‚ïh-qº¤ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm»ôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Å¤-zMãh¼Û¤ü

Administration validity

valuation

value

1ü FÛ¤Å-mÝÅ-¿mk -¤Ûmü 2ü ºfh-¿mk ü

1ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-Å¤-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÅÛ PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ºôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü 2ü ¼ÛGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-zhïm-qº¤-Mã-¤±mhP-¿mk -qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü ¼Ûm-ºzz-V-¯ÛÅü Ç+ô¼fP.ü 2ü ¯Û-¤fôP-ü G®ÛGÅü

1ü Mã-mô¼-HÛ-¯-ºGPÅ-hP-¼Ûm-GôP-fGGTôh-‚ïh-qº¤-ºW¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-G¾-ºGPÅ-hP-wm»ôm-HÛ-±ôh-hqG

1ü ¼Ûm-fP.ü 2ü fP-GŸÛü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qºÛ-±ôP-¸ôGG¤ü ŸzÅ-ŸÝ-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-zXï-¾ïm-HÛzMãh-¾¤-Ç+ô¼-fP-GÛ-±hü 2ü ÍP-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-dGÅ-¤±m-GP-ŸÛG-¾vôh-»ôh-qºÛ-IPÅ-±hü

¼P-ÇôoP-hrh-Fü

hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-¾-GŸÛ-¤Û-zTô¾-z¼-ÇKï¼-HÛzÅ¤-±ß¾-hP-hh-¤ôÅü »P-m-xôGÅ¿ËàP-GÛ-¿e-±ß¾-GŸÛ-¾-‚Å-bï-GP-¸GG¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-ºfh-¤Ûm-m¤ü hïºÛ-hGï-¤±m-hP-G¾-Gmh-zTÅ-WÛ®¤-»Ûm-q¼-zXôh-qºÛ-±ôh-hqG

fP-GŸÛ-Çô+¼-¤Dmü ¼Ûm-fPÇ+ô¼-¤Dmü

Å-ŸÛP-hP-Mã-mô¼-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¼Ûm-ºzzÇ+ô¼-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

Gbô¼-zTô¤-mG-ZïÅü

zÅ¤-zŸÛm-hÝ-»P-hG-¤Ûm-q¼-uÛ-μÅGbô¼-zº¤ü »P-m-¯-¤ïh-GbôP-zºÛ‚Å-ZïÅü

judgement

valuer

vandalism

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

vandalize

Gbô¼-zTô¤-‚ïh-qü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-u-Û zºÛ-μÅ-¾-ÅôGÅ-qzÅ¤-zŸÛm-h-Ý M-ã ¤±m-»P-hG-¤ïhq¼-Gbô¼-Bôm-GbôP-zü

vegetarian

h;¼-¸m-qü h;¼-BôP-qü

Á-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¸Å-ÇôtP-ŸÛP.ü ±¾-hPºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-Vß-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¸Å-Dôm¼-zÇeïm-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

1ü zŸôm-qü 2ü ±ôm-dü 3ü Ç¨m-dü

1ü ¤Û-hP-¸ôG-ÅôGÅ-hzô¼-ºiïm‚ïh-qºÛ-zŸôm-qº¤-ºDô¼-¾ôºÛ¼ÛGÅü 2ü ¼Û-¤ô-ºƒÛÛ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-±ôm-ÅôGÅ‚ãGÅ-ÇÀ-zºÛ-xÛ¼-hï-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-zÆïMãºÛ-Åô-¤-¼-²ºÛ-ºƒâ-ÇÝo¤-¿-e zÞºÛ-μÅÁÛG 3ü Ç¨m-GP-ŸÛG-º‚ãG-q-hP-ü ¸zhï-zºÛ-xÛ¼-Çm¨ -hï-ºFÛh-‚ïh-ˆÛ-μÅÁÛG

1ü Ç+ô¼-±ôP-qü 2ü ±ôP-Oô¤ü

1ü ¾¤-¸Þ¼-hÝ-±GÅ-q¼-hP-z¸ºzTº-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-VÅ-®G®ÛG-±ôP-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G 2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛhPÞ¾-„ÀâGÅ-bï-f-¤G-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛhPôÅ-qô-®G-®ÛG-Zô-Mã-»ôh-qºÛ-ºyâ¾VÅü

½ÀâP-ºIô-z¸ô-zü

ÇKô-hP-ÇïKºÞ-DÞP-ÅôGÅ-zMz-qºÛ-DPq-¿-e zÞºÛ-mP-½âPÀ -GÅ¼-q-Mã-¼Þ-ºWâG-

vehicle

vendor

ventilate

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

qü ventilation

venture

venue

verbatim

verdict

verification

½ÀâP-¾¤ü ½ÀâP-ºIôü

xôGÅ-»ôPÅ-mÅ-z;G-qºÛ-Å-V-¿-e zÞºÛmP-½âÀP-GÅôÅ-q-Mã-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-fzÅ¾¤ü

1ü »-»Þhü 2ü Zïm-¤VôP.ü

1ü Zïm-D-Vï-ŸÛP.ü ¾¤-¿ËôP-»ôP-zºÛPïÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛ-‚-zü 2ü Zïm-D-¾-¤-º²ï¤Å-q¼-hP-¾ïm‚ïh-qü

º±ôG-»Þ¾ü º²ô¤Å-Åü º±ôG-GmÅü

±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-hP-¯ïh-ºImü hï-zŸÛm-zIôJÀïP-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-I-OÛG-¿km-qºÛ-‚GŸG-Çït¾-ÅºÛ-GmÅü

±ÛG-W-Û zŸÛmü

JÀïP-¤ô¾-hP-hqï-V-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-fôG¤¼-±ÛG-GP-»ôh-q-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-zïhuôh-‚ïh-qü

FÛ¤Å-GTôhü (FÛ¤ÅˆÛ)zTh-Fü

FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-ŸÛz-zÁï¼-Çz+ Å-mG-ZïÅTm-»Ûm-¤Ûm-h‚ï-z-º‚ïh-qºÛ-zÁï¼-hqP¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-fG-GTôhü

1ü zhïm-q-¼-vôhü zhïmhqP-DÞPÅ-Bï¾ü 2ü zhïm-hqP.ü

1ü hm-dGÅ-hP-hqP-qôü hï-zŸÛmhrh-ŸÛz-‚Å-q-¾Å-iP-zhïm-»Ûm-q-¼vôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü GP-ŸÛG-iP-zhïm-»Ûm-q¼-¼-vôh‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hqP-qôü

Administration vernacular

version

vertical

»Þ¾-Çh+ ü ¼P-Çh+ ü

»Þ¾-¾ÞP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Çh+ -h¤ü »P-mM¾-Dz-ˆÛ-Å-DÞ¾ü hï-zŸÛm-GP¸G-ÇïK¼-HÛ-Çh+ -»ÛG

1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü

1ü ¿e-±ß¾-¾¤-xôGÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛGGÛÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôhü 2ü ¼P-GÛ-¤-xÛº¤-¼ÛGÅ-ºi-zºÛhPôÅ-qô-GŸm-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-n¤qº¤-z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅü 3ü GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-¾¤GŸm-mÅ-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïh-ÇePÅ-ˆÛºHã¼-¿ôkG hqï¼-mü OæP-hïz-TÛG¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-mÅ-ºFz-Çôem-m¤-JÀôGz½‰m-z¸ô-z-¿-e zÞü 4ü Ç+h-»ÛG-TÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-zNå¼zºÛ-n¤-qü

ºIï¾-±ß¾ü fômü n¤-qü ºHã¼ü zNå¼-¤ü

GôP-ºôG-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-GTÛG-mP-G-Û hzP-º²Ûmq-¼Û¤-q-GôP-ºôG-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-Gôzl-vôh-¾ïmü

1ü Hïm-zÇÀPÅ-»ÛG-Çôohü 2ü Ço-±ôGÅ-»ÛG-Çôohü

1ü »ÛG-V-n¤Å-D-fÞG-G¤-Hïm¾P-¸Þ¼-hÝ-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-»ÛG-Çôohü 2ü GŸm-mÅ-ºfôz-fzÅ-h;º-zºÛGmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-vôh-hP.ü iÛ-z-ÇÛP‰ zÇkÝÅ-DG-¾-ºy¾-¤¼-¾m-ºhïzÅVïh-hqï-¤²ôh-DP-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-Z¼±GÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIï¤Å-»ÛG-hP±GÅ-ÁôG-mÅ-iÅ-qºÛ-ÁôG-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-

communication

vertical file

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zÇkÝÅ-qºÛ-»ÛG-Çôohü ¼P-DôPÅ-GTÛG-zÇkÝÅü

;¤-q-mÛ-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-z¸ô-¾Å-ˆÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤»ôPÅ-μôGÅ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-‚ïh-Vïhü ¼P¾-hPôÅ-¸ôG-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-¤Dm-m¤¼P-¾Å-¸ôG-Zô-¤Dm-HÛ-;¤-q-mÛ-GŸmhG-Zô-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

vested right

FÛ¤Å-ˆÛÅ-vh-qºÛ-fôz-fP.ü

uÛ¼-GP-¸G-ÇïK¼-ÅÞ-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ˆP-w¤ZïÅ-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-TÛP.ü ¯-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛÅ-DGfïG-hP.GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆâP-Bôz-»ôh-qºÛ-fôzfP.ü

veteran

hÝ¼-Lmü ‚P-¤ü

‚ïh-ÇôKº¤-Ez-DôPÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛfôG-¾-Z¤Å-¥ôP-È-TP-Vï-zºÛ-¤Ûü

veterinary

xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛG

hÝh-ºIôºÛ-ºyôh-zÇeïm-hP-hï-¾-Gmôh-qºÛmh-hP-©Å-Bôm-Çô+¼-HÛ-GÅô-¼ÛG-GÛ-»m¾G-TÛG

1ü ºGôG-hzP.ü 2ü ¶Û-‡ô-hzP-Vü

1ü GŸÝP-GÛ-»m-¾G-GP-ŸÛG-¾-»ôhqºÛ-»m-¾G-GŸm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-hP-¤ôÅ¤fÞm-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-±hü 2ü Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-‚ïh-ÇôK-z;G-ºGôG-‚ïhqºÛ-hzP-±h-uôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

vertical integration

science

veto

veto power

¶Û-‡ôhzP-Vü hGG-‚ºÛ-hzP- GŸÝP-GTÛG-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-¿Ëm-DPVü ŸÛG-¾-¤Pº-zºÛ-¿Ëm-DP-GŸm-HÛÅ¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-q¼-ºhôh-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇKô-ÇS-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ºyôÅ-Å¤ü Gbm-hÝ-z;G-ºGôG‚ïh-qºÛ-hzP-Vü via media

viability

viable

vice versa

vicious circle

hzÞÅ-¾¤ü ¾¤-hzÞÅ-¤ü

»G-ÇÝkG-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¤fº-GZÛÅÅÞ-¤-¿ËàPÅ-zºÛ-hzÞÅ-ˆÛ-fzÅ-¾¤¤¤-Gh¤-Dü

1ü º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-¼PzŸÛmü 2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-fÞz-¤Ûmü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-º±ô-GmÅ-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛmÝÅ-qº¤ü hï-¿¼e -GÅôm-qô¼-GmÅfÞz-qº¤-»Þm-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-EhVôÅ-Å¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅü 2ü ¾G-¾ïm-fôG-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-ºGï¾¼ÞP-zº¤-¤-Û ¼PÞ -zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü º±ô-fÞz-qºÛü 2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-fÞz-qºÛü

1ü GÅôm-GmÅ-Å¤-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞzqºÛü 2ü ¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-fÞz-qº¤-zïhuôh-‚-¼ÞP-zü

¿kôG-xôGÅ-mÅü Gô-¿ôkG-Çïeü

GP-zÁh-q-hï-¿ôkG-qºÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-mÅˆP-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-Çôem-‚ïh-ˆÛ-±ÛG

1ü h;º-½ô‰G-¾Þ-GÝ-Mãhü Pmq-hGÝ-ºDô¼ü 2ü ¿kôG-Mãü 3ü Gbm-±ÛGÅ-fÞG-¤ïhü

1ü h;º-P¾-GP-ŸÛG-Åï¾-z¼ºzh-z¯ôm-‚ïh-Çz+ Å-hïÅ-GmÅÇePÅ-hï-ZÛh-Wï-ÇÝkG-bà-GbôP-zºÛh;º-P¾-ºw¼-¤-ŸÛG-ÇÀôP-z¼-‚ïhqºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁGÛ 2ü mh-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-ºƒï¾-zºÛhzP-GÅÛ -wm-±mß -GTÛG-GÅÛ -GTÛG-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÇÀôP-z¼-‚ïh-qº¤-Wï-ÇÝkG-bà-GbôP-zºÛGmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÁGÛ 3ü zhïm-q-¿¼e -ÇPo -»P-zhïm-q-¼-vôh‚Å-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛ-¾ÞP-¾-GŸÛ-‚ïh-qºÛ-Gbm±ÛGÅ-ˆ-Û ¼GÛ Å-ÁGÛ victim

victimise

victimization

video conference

1ü Aïm-Pm-wôG-Åü Gmôh-»Þ¾ü 2ü GÅh-‚ü h¤¼-¤Vôh-hÝwÞ¾-zºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅü

1ü m-±º¤ü mG-ZïÅü Gôh-VG-¾ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Gmôh-Bôm-wôG-Åü 2ü zÅh-hï-h¤¼-¤Vôh-hÝ-hzÞ¾-z¼-‚zºÛ-hÝh-ºIôº¤-¤Ûü

1ü ÇkÝG-¾-¢ô¼-zü 2ü Aïm-¾¤-hÝ-GbôP-zü

1ü GŸm-HÛ-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾¤-hïÅ-‚ÅqºÛ-‚ïh-¾Åü »P-m-GP-¸G-hï-ZÛh-„ôÀ¾-¤Û-ºzz-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-iP-zhïm-¤ÛmqºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-Gmôh-º±ïºÛ-»Þ¾-hÝNå¼-zü 2ü h¤¼-¤Vôh-¿-e zÞºÛ-Vïh-GŸm-HÛ¾G-ºôG-bà-º±ßh-qº¤-ÆôG-¾ïm-qü

ÇkÝG-¢ôP-GbôP-±ß¾ü ÇkÝG-¾- GP-ŸÛG-h;º-ÇÝkG-¾-¢ô¼-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü »P-m-GŸm¢ô¼-¾Åü HÛÅ-h;º-ÇÝkG-¾-¢ô¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü z½‰m-ºyÛm-zIô-JïÀP-ü z½‰mºyÛm-±ôGÅ-ºhÝü

±ôGÅ-ŸÝGÅ-q-n¤Å-Å-GmÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-hÝ»ôh-ˆP-f¤Å-Th-wm-±ßm-G¸ÞGÅ-¤fôPz½‰m-q¼-hP-O-Çh+ -zMãh-mÅ-¤fÞhºƒï¾-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-ºhÝº¤ü hï-ºiºÛ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-±ßGÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

Administration vigilance

vindictive

violence

visa

vis-à-vis

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¤ï¾-±ïü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝ-Zïm-D-¾Å-hôGÅ¸ôm-hP.ü IâP-qô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-GmÅÇePÅü

ºDôm-Åï¤Å-ˆÛü ºDôm-º²ÛmHÛü

GŸm-HÛÅ-¼P-¾-Gmôh-º±ï-zB¾ÅôP-zÅ¤Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-hï-¾Gmôh-q-Bï¾-zº¤ü vô-ÇôÀP-zºÛºzh-z¯ôm-‚ïh-qº¤ü hï-¿¼e -‚MãºÛ-ºhÝm-qü

1ü iG-uôhü º±ï-zü 2ü ¾ôG-¢ô¼ü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-¾-Gmôh-qº¤-GÅôhqºÛ-;Ým-ÇôÀP-Tm-HÛ-GhÝG-¯çz-Vï-zºÛuôh-qü 2ü ±ÛG-GÛ-zïh-uôh-¾ôG-q¼-GbôPzº¤ü Gô-hôm-¾ôG-q¼-ºIï¾-zºÛ‚-GŸG

1ü ¤fôP-¤Vmü 2ü ºFô¾-¤Vmü

1ü GP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zBôh-q¼ºhôh-ÅºÛ-M¾-Dz-hïºÛ-hzP-º²ÛmqÅ-Bï-zô-hï-ZÛh-M¾-Dz-hï¼-zBôhVôG-q-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-hïºÛ-xÛ-zBôh-¾GEï¼-ÇeïP-z;ôh-qºÛ-VôG-¤Vmü 2ü z;º-ºFô¾-ŸÝ-hGôÅ-qºÛ-»ÛGV-hG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Gô-GmÅ-¤fô-z-hG-GÛz;º-ºFô¾-¤±ôm-qºÛ-¤±m-dGÅü

1ü D-Gbh-¾ü 2ü hï-hP-zÇkÝ¼-mÅü

1ü ¼P-GÛ-D-vôh-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¤Ûº¤ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-V-OÛG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¸G 2ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-zÇkÝ¼-±ï-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-hômÇeôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-±ÛG-yh-TÛG visit

i-GmÅ-¾-¿e-zü

i-M-D-xï-mÅ-i-GmÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¿e-zºÛ-hÝÅÇ+zÅü

visiting hours

fÞG-ºyh-hÝÅ-±ôhü

Ç¨m-DP-mP-GÛ-mh-q-hP-z®ôm-DP-mP-GÛz®ôm-q-ÅôGÅ-hP-fÞG-ºyh-‚ïh-VôGqºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

visitor

i-GmÅ-¾-¿e-¤Dmü

i-MºÛ-ÇeïP-i-GmÅ-ÇSôG-¿e-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛGP-¸G

visitors’ book

¤Iôm-hïzü

¤Iôm-DP-hP-hï-zŸÛm-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-»ÛhD-xôGÅ-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-ºIï¤Å-Çeôm-DP-¿ezÞ¼-»ôP-¤Dm-n¤Å-ˆÛ-¤ÛP-hP-D-‚P.ü hï-zŸÛm-¼P-GÛ-¥ôP-±ô¼-ÅôGÅ-ºGôh-ÅºÛhïzü

1ü ¤fôP-z-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü 2ü ºV¼-ÇPo -GÛü

1ü ¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-zº¤-¤fôP-zºÛ-mÝÅq-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü 2ü dôG-q¼-ºV¼-zºÛ-G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰mü

1ü GÅ¾-ºhïzÅ-qü 2ü ¤Pôm-q¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü uÛ¼-¤fôP-zºÛ-hôm-¾-Gô-»P-ü ‚ïƒG-bà-¼P-GÛ-¤ÛG-¤hÝm-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅqô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºi-z½‰m-¼P-GÛ-„ôÀ-Pô¼ºV¼-z¼-‚ïh-q-¾ºôü 2ü GÁG-zTôÅ-hP-¼ôm-Wïm-JôÀG-q¼-

visual

visualize

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-DôG-qºÛ-mP-GÛhôm-Çoôh-¤fôP-z¼-z¸ô-zü vital

vital statistics

vitality

viva voce

vocabulary

1ü ÁÛm-bà-¤Dô-zºÛü 2ü ±ï-ÆôG-¾-¤Dô-zºÛü

1ü GP-ŸÛG-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qº¤ü hïºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Mãm-GmÅ-fÞz-q¼-¤DôPïÅ-»Ûm-qº¤-G¾-Vï-»Ûm-qü 2ü ÆôG-GÛ-Mãm-GmÅ-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛü

±ï-ÆôG-¯ÛÅ-IPÅü ¤Û-¼zÅIPÅ-¯ÛÅü

M¾-Dz-z¤-Å-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛGGÛ-mP-hÝ-¤ÛºÛ-Bï-ºVÛ-hP.ü GZïmOÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-GÅ¾-Çeôm-‚ïhqºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-GmÅ-±ß¾ü

¸ÞPÅ-ÇôezÅü

º±ô-z-hP-º±¼-¾ôPÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅqº¤ü »P-m-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-hÝºwï¾-MÅ-Vïm-qô-xÛm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅÅï¤Å-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-ÇôezÅü

1ü PG-¾¤-HÛü 2ü PG-MãGÅü

1ü PG-fôG-mÅ-zÁh-qºÛ-ºIï¾zXôh-¾-ÅôGÅ-qü 2ü PG-fôG-mÅ-¾m-ºhïzÅ-‚ïhqºÛ-MãGÅ-vôhü

1ü f-Çh‰ ü 2ü ±ÛG-ºIï¾-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

1ü GP-¸G-‚ï-ƒG-qº¤-±ôGÅ-Çïk‚ï-ƒG-qü »P-m-Vïh-¾Å-qÅ-zïhuôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-n¤-IPÅü 2ü xÛ-M¾-Çh+ -»ÛG-ÇôÀz-hïz-¿-e zÞºÛ¤WâG-bà-;-¤h-Gô-¼Û¤-hÝ-hôm-hG-hP-

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zTÅ-q-z;ôh-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü vocation

vocational

1ü ¾Å-¼ÛGÅü 1ü GP-¸G-Åô-Åô¼-º±¤Å-qºÛ-¾Å2ü fÞm-¤ôP-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-‚ïh-ÇôKü ¼ÛGÅ-Å¤-¤Û-±ï-Bï¾-±ß¾ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-DÞ¼ü 2ü uÛ-±ôGÅ-¿-e zÞ-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-zŸÛG-GÛ-Fôh-GP-¸G-G¤-Çïk-DG-‚ï-ƒG-qŸÛG-GÛ-fÞm-¤ôP-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾Å-ºGmü ¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÇÀôz-Çeômü

ÇÀôz-IºÔ ¤-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ±m-q-ÅôGÅ-¾-zT¼-ºiÛ-hP-MãGÅ-vôh¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-bïü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-z-GP-ŸÛGGÛ-ºWôm-fP-hP-¼P-GÁÛÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾º±¤Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤ü º±ôfzÅ-ºhï¤Å-q¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vïh¾Å-qºÛ-¾¤-Çeômü

¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-¢ôP-zl¼ü

ŸÛP-¾Å-Å¤-±ôP-¾Å-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-;ºÛ-n¤IPÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-‚P-Vßz-qºÛ-hôm-hÝ-ÇôÀzFÛh-‚ïh-qü

1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü

1ü Mã-μÅ-Å¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-GôÅ-WÛ-®¤-z;P-zºÛ-±h-GŸÛº¤ü ÇoôhGP-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôG-q-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±h-GŸÛü 2ü G¸ÞGÅ-¤fôP-½âPÀ -ºyÛm-m¤-½âPÀ ºyÛm-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-O-Çh+ -¤fôh¤ºÛ-±h-GŸÛü 3ü ±GÅ-ÁôG-hP-z½‰m-hïz-¿-e zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-ºhôm-fïPÅ-±P-¤ºÛ-zÇe¼¼Û¤ü

guidance

vocational training.

volume

ÁôP-±hü O-ÁÝGÅü ¾ôü qôhü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

4ü qô-bÛº¤-JïÀGÅ-z¤ü vote of thanks

fÞGÅ-Xï-Vï-ŸÝºÛ-GÅÞP-zÁhü

GP-¸G-G¤-±ôGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºIô¾ÞGÅ-¿e¼-¤P-±ôGÅ-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Gb¤-zÁhü

voter card

ºôÅ-‚P.ü ºôÅ-ºwïm-‚P-zÞü

FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-Çz+ Å-ºôÅÁôG-ºwïm-VôG-q-»Ûm-q-Çeôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ¾G-Eï¼ü

ºôÅ-ºwïm-qºÛ-¤ÛP-GŸÝP.ü ºôÅ-ºwïm-fô-GŸÝP.ü

fô-ºGôh-‚Å-¸Ûm-qºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm¤Dm-n¤Å-ˆÛ-¤ÛP-hP-D-‚P.ü hïzŸÛm-±ôGÅ-q-GP-GÛ-ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ»ôh-q-hP-Ç¼S -HÛ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-mP-VÁÅ-„ÀPÅ-»ôh-¤ïh-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-ºDôhqºÛ-fôü

ºôÅ-ºwïmü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-ºôÅºhï¤Å-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-qºÛ-‚GŸG-G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

ºôÅ-ºwïm-ºyâ¾-VÅü ºôÅzÇkÝºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅü

ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-Çz+ Å-¼P-ºGÝ¾-HÛÅ-ºôÅÁôG-n¤Å-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-q-hP-IPÅzÁï¼-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG

1ü º²Ûm-ÁôG º²Ûm-‚P.ü2ü DÞPÅ-Bï¾-º²Ûm-ÁôG 3ü DG-fïG

1ü hPôÅ-VÅ-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-Zô-z¼hPÞ¾-HÛ-±z-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-q-Åïº¤dïm-hPôÅü »P-m-»ÛG-V-ÅôGÅü 2ü ¯ôh-¾ïm-GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q-»Ûm-

voter list

voting

voting machine

voucher

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

q¼-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ÛG-Vü hqï¼-mhPôÅ-VÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ZôÅ-q-zhïm-q-¼-vôh‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ãP-º²Ûm-¿-e zÞü 3ü zhïm-q-»Ûm-q¼-GÅ¾-Çôem-‚ïh¤Dm-m¤ü ºGm-¾ïm-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü voyage

vulnerable

wage

wage administration

1ü ¤±ô-ºIâ¾ü Vß-zŸÝhü 2ü ¤Dº-ºIâ¾ü ¤DºzŸÝhü 3ü ¤Dº-ºIâ¾-‚ïh-qü ¤±ôºIâ¾-‚ïh-qü

1ü Vß-fôG-mÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºIâ¾-zŸÝh-h¤ºIâ¾-zBôhü 2ü z¼-ÇPo -P¤-¤Dº-fôG-mÅ-‚ïh-qºÛºIâ¾-zŸÝh-h¤-ºIâ¾-zBôhü 3ü ¤±ô-fôG-G¤-¤Dº-fôG-ºIâ¾zŸÝh-‚ïh-qü

1ü z¸ï-¼ï-Tmü 2ü zÆm-VßP-zºÛü

1ü ©Å-Bôm-m¤-Gbô¼-Bôm-GbôP-Ç-À zºÛü 2ü Bôm-zXôh-h¤-¼ï-ºhôhü »P-mÁÝGÅ-Aïm-ÅôGÅ-¾-±ô¼-z-Bïm-qºÛü

1ü JÀ-wôGÅü JÀ-ºzzü 2ü G»Þ¾-ºHïh-qü

1ü ŸzÅ-ŸÝ-Oæz-qº¤-¾Å-;-‚Å-qºÛ¾m-hÝ-Mãm-¿km-zhÝm-yG-¼ï-¿e-zÞ¼-fôzqºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü 2ü M¾-Dz-wm-±ßm-hz¼-h¤G-G¤G»Þ¾-ÅôGÅ-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-bï-¤Þ-¤fÞhzMz-qü

JÀ-wôGÅ-º²Ûm-BôP.ü

OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁGÛ -G-Û mP-J-À wôGÅ-ˆ-Û ±hGŸÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¾Åhôm-ÅôGÅ-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

wage agreement

JÀ-wôGÅ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

¾Å-zhG-hP-¾Å-¤ÛºÛ-¤fÞm-±ôGÅwm-±ßm-hz¼-Çôt¼-GTôG-Gô-ÇÝk¼zMãh-z¸ô-¼ÛGÅ-Å¤ü ¾Å-;-‚ïƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-M¾-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-J-À wôGÅ±h-GŸÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

wage board

JÀ-wôGÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

JÀ-wôGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ-dôG-ŸÛz‚ïh-¤Dm-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-GbmºzïzÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-OGÛ -º²âGÅ-ÁGÛ

wage compression

z®Û¼-wôGÅ-fôh-L¾ü

¾Å-¤Û-GÅ¼-qºÛ-hGôÅ-ºhÝm-DÅ¾ïm-‚Å-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-hï-ÇS-»ôhzŸÛm-qºÛ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛ-J-À wôGÅ¾Å-¤P-z-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-GmÅÇePÅü

wage differential

JÀ-wôGÅ-z¼-Ehü

z¸ô-IºÔ Û-¾Å-;ºÛ-Pô-zô-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ»Ûm-¼ÞP-¾Å-;ºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-hPfôm-μÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅü ¾Å-;ºÛ-hÝÅ»Þmü z¸ô-I-Ô ¿-e zÞ-VGÅ-»Þ¾-ÅôGÅˆÛ-Mã-¤±m-¾-zdïm-mÅ-JÀ-wôGÅ-¤PZÝP-GÛ-Eh-q¼ü

1ü JÀ-wôGÅ-Tmü 2ü ZÛm-JºÀ Û-¾Å-¤Ûü

1ü mP-EÛ¤-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¾Å-;ºÛ-J-À wôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-GP-¸G 2ü JÀ-wôGÅ-PïÅ-Gbm-ŸÛG-GÛ-VïhhÝ-¤Ûm-q¼-Vß-±ôh-hP-ü ZÛ-¤ü zhÝm-yG-GP-¼PÞ -G-Û ¾Å-»mÞ -GŸÛ¼z¸ÞP-GÛ-JÀ-ºzz-Vïh-¾Å-;-‚ïh-

wage earner

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¤Dm-H-Û GP-¸G wage formula

JÀ-wôGÅ-ºIô-ÇPe Åü

¾Å-¤Û-GP-ŸÛG-¾-JÀ-hPÞ¾-vôh-±ß¾-HÛGŸÛ-dïm-¿-e zÞü

wage freeze

Çt¼-VºÛ-z;G-Mü

;¤-q-aÛº¤-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-¾Å-¤Û¼-vôhMãºÛ-J-À wôGÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚Å-q-¾Å¿ËG-q-Çt¼-V-¤Û-VôG-qü

wage incentive

Ç+Ý¾-ºhïzÅ-JÀ-wôGÅü

¾Å-¤Û-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-fôm-Bïh-mÝÅ-q-»¼MÅ-GbôP-Vïh-¾Å-¤Û-hï-¾-vh-qºÛhPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ºw¼-¤ü

JÀ-wôGÅ-OÛG-Æô¾-GbmºzïzÅü

»Þ¾-¤Û¼-vôh-qºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ˆÛ-OÛG-Æô¾ÅôGÅ-GŸÝP-mÅ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-ºzh¯ô¾ü

wage sheet

JÀ-wôGÅ-fôz-GŸÝP.ü

¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-hP-hï-hG-Åô-Åô¼-fôz-qºÛJÀ-wôGÅ-zTÅ-ˆÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü

waiting list

ÇKÝG-fôü

ºy¾-hÝ-fôz-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-hPÅ-¤ÛG-¿-e zÞ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-Vïh-ÇÝGK -zÇkhqºÛ-Bï-zô-hG-GÛ-fôü

waiting room

ÇKGÝ -DP.ü

¤ï-ºDô¼-hP-uÛ-uôh-½ÀPÅ-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ¤-ÇïÀzÅ-z¼-hP-ü Ç¨m-q-Çïem-GbàGÅˆÛ-zP-¼Û¤-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-Bï-zô-n¤Å-ÇÝKG»Þm-¼ÛP-Çôkh-ÅºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG

wage regulation

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

¿~G-;Û-‡ôG-;Ûü

¼P-ZÛh-G¼-ºIôºÛ-Å¼-ºEï¼-VôGTÛP-zl-¾m-w¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-‚ïhfÞz-qºÛ-½PâÀ -ºyÛm-VPß -P-Þ ŸGÛ

1ü ºGm-DôPÅü 2ü mh-GÅô-DP.ü 3ü ¿e-BôP-‚-»Þ¾ü

1ü º²Ûm-BôP-hP-ºfÞÅ-¤ÛºÛ-ºôÅºhï¤Å-¿-e zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛVïh-IôP-Eï¼-hP-ü IôP-Çïkü IôPGÅïz-ÅôGÅ-hÝ¤-zÞ-VßP-PÞ¼-zGôÅqºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-‚ï-ƒG-qü 2ü Ç¨m-DP-hÝ-¿-e BôP-hP-Çm¨ -HÛhGôÅ-¤Dô-ºi-zºÛ-mh-q-hÝ-¤-¤Z¤Çkôh-‚ïh-Åü 3ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-P¤ü »P-m-º±ô-º²Ûm-qºÛ-¿e-BôP-ºôGGmÅ-qºÛ-y-â GºÝ ¤-GP-¸G

ware house

±ôP-¸ôP-hôÅ-DP.ü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-±ôP-DP-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-¤-‚Å-Çkôm-hÝ-T-hPôÅºwôm-Vïm-n¤Å-ºWôG-ÅºÛ-DP-VïmŸÛG

warn

Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü

Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-º‚ãP-ºHã¼-HÛ-ZïmD-hP-Aïm-Pm-Gôh-VG-¿-e zÞ-¤Û-»ôPzº¤-z¹ôG-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zl-‚ïh-qü

1ü FÛ¤Å-ÅºÛ-z;º-ÁôG 2ü Mã-¤±m-ºfh-¿mk ü

1ü Zïm-dôG-q-ŸÛG-¾-ZïÅ-Tm-º²Ûmz¸ÞP-¿-e zÞ-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-vôh-q¼FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛÅ-¤±m-dGÅ-z;ôhqºÛ-»ÛG-Vü

walkie talkie set

ward

warrant

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-q¼-PôÅ-¾ïmfÞz-qºÛ-Mã-¤±mü warranty

ºGm-¾ïmü

z®ôP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-TmmP-hÝ-Bôm-Áô¼-z-ÅôGÅ-º‚ãP-±ïü ;¤q-aÛ-mÅ-z¸ô-zTôÅ-Å¤-zXï-±z-vôh-MãºÛ»ÛG-fôG-bà-ºDôh-qºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTºü

waste paper

ÁôG-ÇGÛ‰ Å-„GâÀ -Çôohü

DP-qºÛ-Iâ-¸Þ¼-¿-e zÞ¼-ºWôG-qºÛ-ÁôG-Éâ¾ÅôGÅ-¿kÝG-ÅºÛ-Çoôhü

wasteland

zïh-¤ïh-Å-ÇôeP.ü

Åô-m¤-ºhïzÅ-¾Å-hP-º²âGÅ-CæmÅôGÅ-GP-GÛ-Vïh-hÝºP-zïh-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼qºÛ-Å-Eôm-ŸÛG

watchdog

‚-¼-zü

;¤-q-aÛ-hG-GÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-zhP-¤Û-¤P-GÛ-fôz-fP-ÅôGÅ-¾-ÇoP-¤ïhlôG-¼ô¾-‚ïh-¤Ûm-ŸÛz-zÁï¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛBï-zôº¤-Bï-zôºÛ-Çkïü

wear and tear

Ç+¾Ý -¸hü

Mãm-Gbm-hÝ-z;ô¾-uôh-‚Å-qºÛ-hzPGÛÅ-º²Ûm-VÅ-hP-¤D¼-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ½‰ÛP-¸h-hÝ-ºIô-ÇPe Åü

weather

Gm¤-GÁÛÅü

Å-GmÅ-hP-hÝÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-TÛG-GÛ-½âÀPD¤Å-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-bïü ±-IP-hP.ü ¤Dº-½âPÀ -ü ZÛ-¤-ºV¼-¤Ûmü V¼-qºzz-¤Ûm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Åü

basket

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

weathering

º‚ãP-zºÛ-ÁGÝ Å-Aïmü

ZÛ-¤-hP.ü D-V¼ü ½ÀâP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅƒG-lôº¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-D-hôGG¤-h‚ÛzÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-¾-ºHã¼-zGbôP-±ß¾ü

weedout

»Þ¼-Åï¾-‚ïh-qü

hGôÅ-¤Dô-¤ïh-qº¤-GŸm-¾Å-ŸmV-Vï-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅü T-hPôÅÅ¤-GP-¸G-GP-ŸÛG-xÛ¼-ºzÞhqº¤-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-zü

weekly off reserve

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-fôz-ÅïP-GÅôG-ºWôG ¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-¾zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-fôz-‚ºÛ-GÝP-ÅïP-ÅôGÅ-zïhuôh-¤Û-GbôP-z¼-¸Þ¼-hÝ-Z¼-GÅôG‚ïh-qü

weekly report

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-Çm‰ -fôü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-zhÝm-yG-GôP-¤ºÛVz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-G¾-VïºÛ-‚ãP-z-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛGmÅ-±ß¾-¤Dô-Oæz-‚Å-mÅ-½ÀâPºyÛm-zMãh-zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-ºV¼-Tm-iÛ¾zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-hrh-ŸÛz-¾Å¼Û¤-ŸGÛ

weekly statement

zhÝm-¼ïºÛ-zOGÅ-Gb¤ü

¼ïÅ-G¸º-wÞ¼-zÞ-m¤-»Ûm-¾-IôÅ±ôGÅ-mP-iÛ-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-Çz+ ÅxôGÅ-ºG¾-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-iÛ-z-n¤Å¾-GŸÝP-º²Ûm-ºGô-FÛh-qÅ-¾mºhïzÅ-ˆÛ-Gb¤-zÁhü

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

1ü zhï-ÇÝGk wm-zhïü 2ü zhï-hômü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü

1ü uÛ¼-zbP-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºyôhzÇeïm-hP-¾ÞÅ-Åï¤Å-ˆÛ-zhï-fzÅü 2ü Bï-zôº¤-hÝh-ºIô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-hGôÅ¤Dô-zÇ+ôP-Vïh-hÝ-GŸÝP-mÅ-hq¾-º‚ô¼¼¤ü »P-m-¾Å-hôm-D-»ôh-¾G-»ôhˆÛ-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤Dô-vôhü

welfare state

zhï-hôm-M¾-Dzü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hP.fh-;¼hPÞ¾-HÛ-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-zMãh-hïü ¤PººzPÅ-»ôPÅ-μôGÅ-ˆÛ-GŸÛ-¼Û¤-ºyôhzÇeïm-hP.ü ÇÀôz-¢ôP.ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛzhï-¯-n¤Å-GŸÝP-GÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-¾Å-ºGm»Ûm-q¼-PôÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG

wharf

IâºÛ-ºzz-ÇïeGÅü

¤±ô-hP-G®P-VßºÛ-Iâ-D¼-IâºÛ-hô-VÅºWâG-ºhôm-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-ÇkÛPÅ-Vü

1ü mP-FÛ¤Å-qü 2ü mP-FÛ¤Å-z;ôh-Ezü

1ü Vz-ÆÛh-±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ¤Û-n¤Å-GmÅ-hôm-G¾-VïºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-zIôJÀïP-Çz+ Å-ÅÞ-PïÅ-q¼-hÝ-±ôGÅ-zT¼-hPºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-hÝ-ºWâG-MãºÛ-¾Å-ºGmTm-H-Û GP-¸G 2ü Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ±ôGÅ-¤Û-n¤Å-¾-GmÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-qŸÛG-GÛ-fh-ºôÅ-ÁôG-WÛ-¿e¼-ºwïm-hGôÅ¤Ûm-HÛ-»ÛG-fôG-z;ôh-Ezü

welfare

whip

Administration white paper

wholesaler

wildcat strike

window dressing

window envelope

»ÛG-V-h;¼-qôü

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-mÅ-FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-GÅ¼-qGbm-ºzïzÅ-¤-‚Å-Çôkm-hÝü hïºÛGmÅ-±ß¾-hP-ºV¼-GŸÛ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛŸÛz-yºÛ-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-GÛÇ‰m-fôü

Çkïz-±ôP-MG-¤Dmü Çkïz-±ôP- ±ôP-DP-hP-±ôP-¾Å-ÅôGÅ-mÅ-±ôPqü ¸ôP-ºwôm-Vïm-Zô-±ôP-MG-¤Dmü ¼P-º±¤Å-Pô-Lô¾ü

P¾-¯ô¾-¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¾Å-ÇoïºGm-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾z;º-ºFô¾-¾¤ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-¤ïhq¼-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-mÅ-¼P-¤ôÅ-ˆÛÅ¾Å-;-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-GÛ-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïhÇePÅü

1ü ±ôP-VÅ-OÛG-¯¾ü 1ü Bï-zô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-hô-ÇPo -ºGÝG-Vïh2ü ¤ï-¾ôP-mP-GÛ-OÛG-GÁô¤ü ±ôP-DP-GÛ-Áï¾-Oô¤-mP-hÝ-hPôÅ-qôn¤Å-OÛG-GÁô¤-¾ïGÅ-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛNå-¯¾ü 2ü GŸm-HÛÅ-¿-e ÇPo -¤fôP-xôGÅ¾-¤²ïÅ-qô-hP-„Àô-¾-zz-qô-»ôP-Vïh®¤-¾Å-hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅGP-»P-¤Û-Çôem-qºÛ-‚-GŸG ÇKïº-Þ DPÞ -»GÛ -Çô+GÅü

»ÛG-Çô+GÅ-mP-zTßG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôGP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇïeP-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-D-‚PxÛ¼-¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ÇïKºÞ-DÞP-¿-e zÞ-»ôhqºÛ-»GÛ -Çô+GÅ-ÁGÛ

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ÇKïº-Þ DPÞ -¤GÛ -Çô¼+ ü

Zô-MãºÛ-;Ým-ÇôÀP-GP-»P-¤ïh-q¼-±ôP-DPGÛ-Áï¾-Oô¤-hÝ-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-±ôP-¸ôGn¤Å-¾-¿e-Ç+ô¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

wireless set

Ç+Ýh-¤ïh-½âÀP-ºyÛmü

xÛ-¾Å-JôÀG-ÇÝ+h-¤fÞh-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼-½âÀPºyÛm-HÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-zô-wm±ßm-hz¼-¾m-zl-GbôP-¾ïm-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛºyâ¾-¾Å-ÁÛG

withdrawal

ºhôm-Fü

¼P-GÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-zTßG-F-mÅ-hPÞ¾-ºhômqºÛ-‚-GŸG

withdrawal slip

ºhôm-FºÛ-ÁôG-º²¼ü

hPÞ¾-DP-¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-zhG-qôÅ-hPÞ¾-¾ïmq¼-hPÞ¾-DP-¾-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-ÁôGº²Ûm-ŸGÛ

1ü Ç‰ÛP-¼ÞÅ-Tmü 2ü fÞz-Vï-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

1ü Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-Å¤-ÇÛP‰ -¼ÞÅ-Vïm-qôºÛPP-¾Å-;-‚ïh-¤Dmü 2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿-e zÞ-hÝÅ-»Þm-¼ÛP-qô¼zïh-uôh-¾ïGÅ-qô-»ôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

¾Å-;-¤±¤Å-ºWôG

z¸ô-IÔ-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-¾Å-¤Û-n¤Å-ˆÛ-¾Å-;ºÛV-Aïm-Bô-qô-hP-ü JÀ-wôGÅ-h¤º-qô-»ôhqºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-±P-¤Å-¾Å-;-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ‚-GŸG

1ü ¢ôP-hïzü 2ü ¾Å-hïzü

1ü ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ¢ôP-±m-hP-hï-hG-GÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-ÅºÛ-ÇôePV-»ôh-qºÛ-hïz-TÛG

windowshopping

work horse

work stoppage

workbook

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü GP-‚Å-¸Ûm-qº¤-‚ïh-ºV¼»ôh-qºÛ-¾Å-;-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛhïzü workfare

¾Å-hôh-º±ô-Çoômü

GŸÝP-GÛÅ-¾Å-¤ïh-Bï-zô-n¤Å-¾±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïhhÝ-zTßG-mÅ-hïºÛ-¾Å-±z-bà-¸Å-GôÅº±ô-Vïh-ˆÛ-hPÞ¾-ÅôGÅ-vôh-MãºÛGŸÝP-G-Û ¾Å-¼¤Û -ŸGÛ

workhouse

¿eô-¾Å-DP-ü

hzÞ¾-ŸÛP-wôPÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-n¤Å-GmÅÇkôh-‚ïh-q-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-J-À wôGÅ¤ïh-qºÛ-¾Å-¯ô¾-HÛ-¾m-hÝ-D-¸Å®¤-¢Ûm-qºÛ-GmÅü

working capital

fzÅ-¾ïm-¤-¯ü

±ôP-¾Å-¿-e zÞ-ºGô-º²âGÅ-Çz+ Å-ˆÛ±ôP-DP-hP-»ô-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-Zô-Mã-¾ÅGŸm-qºÛ-±ôP-¾Å-¤Þ-¤fÞh-‚ïh-q¼¤Dô-zºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-ŸÛG

working class

P¾-¯ô¾-I¾-¼Û¤ü

uÛ-±ôGÅ-mP-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-hP-hzP-VÅôGÅ-hï-®¤-¤ïh-q¼-Mãm-Gbm-P¾¯ô¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qºÛ-Çïk-DG

1ü ŸÛz-ºWâG-Çm‰ -fôü 2ü JÀ-ºfÞÅ-VôG-¤Vmü

1ü ºhï¤Å-OæG-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zôºÛ±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-ºyôh-zÇeïmhP-ü ÁïÅ-»ômü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-fh-hrh-ŸÛz‚Å-qºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

working paper

Administration

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

2ü ¼P-¾ô-zTß-iâG-¤-¾ôm-qºÛ-‚ÛÅ-qŸÛG-¾-JÀ-wôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å-;-vôh-qºÛGŸÝP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-»ÛG-V-ŸÛG working party

workload

workshop

writ

x-ray

¾Å-hôm-±ôGÅ-qü

¾Å-ºzô¼ü

h;º-Gmh-h¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qŸÛG-¾-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-bïü GP-hGº-TÛ¾ïGÅ-ˆÛ-IôÅ-ºV¼-¾¤-Çeôm-‚ïh-qô¼ºhï¤Å-OæG-‚Å-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG OÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤ü Bï-zô-‚ï-ƒG-q-GPŸÛG-GÅÛ -hÅÝ -»mÞ -PïÅ-Tm-ŸGÛ -mP-zOæzhGôÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-ºzô¼-±hü

1ü ¾Å-IÔ z¸ô-DP-ü 2ü ¸z-¢ôP.ü

1ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-hP-¾G-V-ÅôGÅ-zïhuh-qºÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-hPôÅ-qô-n¤Å-z¸ô-Cæmm¤ü »P-m-z¸ô-zTôÅ-MG-ÅºÛ-GmÅü 2ü GmÅ-hôm-m¤-zXôh-GŸÛ-‚ï-ƒG-qGP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇïeP-Bï-zô-n¤Å-wm-±ßmzÅ¤-±ß¾-hP-Z¤Å-¥ôP-zXï-¾ïm-HÛ¾¤-mÅ-IôÅ-ÇkÝ¼-hP-¾G-zÇe¼-HÛ-¾Å;¼-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü

FÛ¤Å-DP-G-Û z;º-ÁôG

Bï-zô-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-DP-mÅ-ºhÛ-‚-ºhÛ¤Ûm-H-Û z;º-z;ôh-GmP-zºÛ-»GÛ -V-ŸGÛ

1ü ÍïG-ÅÛ-ºyô-ºôhü 2ü JÀôG-q¼ü

1ü ºôh-¸ï¼-y-zôºÛ-Ez-ºHïh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q¾-zdïm-mÅ-xÛ-GÅ¾-mP-GÅ¾-¤-»ÛmqºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ºzÛG-fÞz-q-hP-hïºÛ-mP-GÛV-ÁÅ-ˆÛ-JÀôG-q¼-MG-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼-

Administration

100

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ŸÛG 2ü ºôh-¸ï¼-y-¤ôºÛ-mÝÅ-q-¾-zdïmmÅ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-mP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-¿-e zÞÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-xÛ-GÅ¾-mP-GÅ¾-HÛ-q¼MG-MãºÛ-¾G-¯¾-ŸÛG yard

yearbook

yield

1ü ÇKô-¼ü 2ü ºhô¤-xïhü ÇK-WÛü

1ü DP-qºÛ-xÛºÛ-Å-ÇôeP-¯ÛG-qÅ¤fº-mÅ-zÇ+ô¼-z-ŸÛG 2ü wÛ-‡Û-GÅÞ¤-Å¤-È-¾¤-Åïm-‡Û-¤Û‡¼- 91.4 hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-¼ÛP-±hºW¾-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-ŸÛG

1ü ¾ô-hïzü 2ü ÇÀôz-¤fºÛ-¾ô-hïzü

1ü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒGÅô-ÅôºÛ-¾ô-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-G¾-VïºÛ-‚ãP-zÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Çô+¼-ŸÛz-y-ºDôh-qºÛ-¾ô-¿¼e fïPÅ-¼ï-q¼-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-qºÛ-hïz-TÛG 2ü ¤fô-¼Û¤-ÇôÀz-IºÔ Û-º²Ûm-¼Û¤¤fº-¤-fôm-¤Dm-ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤ÅˆÛÅ-ÇôÀz-IºÔ Û-hÝÅ-Çz+ Å-ˆÛ-G¾-VïºÛ‚ãP-z-ÅôGÅ-¾-xÛ-¤ÛG-hP-im-GÅôºÛVïh-xôGÅ-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-hïzü

1ü fôm-ºzz-‚ãP-zü 1ü ŸÛP-¾Å-fôm-Bïh-h¤-±ôP-GÛ-DïÇtôGÅü »P-m-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ2ü zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-‚ïh-qü 3ü w¤-DÞ¼-zü ¤Gô-ÇÝ¼K -zü ¤fº-¤ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¿e-zÞ-¾ïGÅ-q¼ºhôm-qü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-‚ïh-ºhôh-¤ïh-qºÛ-¾Åhôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-Mã¼-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïhqº¤-GŸm-HÛÅ-‚ïh-q¼-z;G-

Administration

101

º²Ûm-BôP-ü

ºGôG-¤Û-‚ïh-qü 3ü M¾-Dz-z¤-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-GÛ-zhGhzP-hÝ-Hã¼-qºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-¾¤-hPôÅ-qô-¿-e zÞGP-ŸÛG-GŸm-HÛÅ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºôG-w¤qº¤-GŸm-¾-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-‚ïh-qü GŸôm-BïÅ-¢ôP-zl¼-ºV¼GŸÛü

¾Å-¤ïh-GŸôm-BïÅ-n¤Å-¾-¾Å-;ºÛGô-Ç+zÅ-XïÅ-ºƒï¾-HÛ-¢ôP-zl¼-hP-¾Å;ºÛ-Z¤Å-¥ôP-Çït¾-fzÅ-ˆÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾¾Å-ºV¼ü

zeal

hP-Ÿïmü hP-zü

¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-‚-ºhôh-ˆÛÅ-h¤ÛGÅzÅ¾-HÛ-vô-Åï¤Å-hP-P¼-ÁÝGÅü

zebra crossing

ºyïh-zTh-AP-¾¤ü

Bï-zô-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-M-¾¤-ºyïh-zTh-@PzIôh-‚ïh-Å-h;¼-mG-fh-GÁÛz-bà-z;ôhqºÛ-fGÛ -dGÅ-ÁGÛ

1ü hGÝP-ÇôSm-HÛ-h‚ÛPÅü 2ü »P-¯ïü

1ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-fh-ˆÛ-ÇïeP-xôGÅbïü ¤Dº-h‚ÛPÅ-ÅÞ-ZÛ-¤º¤-¹-zºÛ-Mã¾¤-¤fô-ÁôÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅü 2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-GÛmÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Vï-ÁôÅ-Å¤-Iâz-ºƒÅ-¤fôÁôÅ-¿mk -qºÛ-hÝÅ-Çz+ Åü

youth training scheme

zenith

zoom lens

ºfïm-Áï¾ü ºfïm-μâ¤-hP-Áï¾ü q¼-MG-»Þ¾-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-G¸ÞGÅz½‰m-hïºÛ-ÇPo -±ß¾-Zï-ºHPÅ-OÛG-q¼¤Dô-zºÛ-hP-Áï¾-ŸGÛ

Medicine

103

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT

Ç¨m-HÛ-zl-Vhü MEDICAL TERMS

hzÞÅ-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü MEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI

Ç¨mü

abducens nerve

Ç¨mü

104

Medicine

¤ÛG-GŸôG-Vß-¯ü ¤ÛG-GŸôG- >Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯º¤-hzP-¯-iâG-q-Çeïü hzP-¯ü ¤ÛG-¸Þ¼-HÛ-Á-IÛ¤-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¸Þ¼z¿eºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

accessory nerve

GZº-zºÛ-Vß-¯ü

Ç+ï-¤WÛP-hP-GZº-zºÛ-Á-IÛ¤-HÛ-Mãh-hÝºƒï¾-zºÛ-Zï-ºhzÅ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ¤ÛP.ü

adenosis

©ïm-zÞºÛ-mhü

arachniod

M-h¼-z¼-¤ü

>Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-z¼-¤Çeïü ºzÞ-Çkô¤-HÛ-i-z-¿e¼-VGÅ-q-hï»Û-¤ÛP.ü

blood coagulation

FG-ºEGÅü

FG-ÇÀ-zºÛ-n¤-q-hï-G¼-qô¼-Hã¼-mÅ¯-¾¤-hÝ-ºD¼-bï-Mã-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-Æ-z¼Hã¼-qºÛ-hômü

brain stem

>Àh-ŸzÅü

>Àh-GŸÝP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ->Àh-¸¤-ü z¼->Àh-zTÅ-ˆÛÅ-Iâz-qºÛ->Àh-qºÛ-VÁÅ-¾-¸ï¼ü

breech delivery

¿kôG-BïÅü

yâ-GÝºÛ-@P-qº¤-¤Gô-ÇSôm-¾-fôm-mÅBïÅ-qºÛ-hômü

caesarean birth

GÁGÅ-BïÅü

£æ¤-¤ºÛ-¿eô-z-GÁGÅ-mÅ-yâ-GÝ-z®Åq-¾-‚ºôü

membrane

105

Medicine

Ç¨mü

canine tooth

¤Vï-z-ü

¤hÝm-Åô-hP-ºI¤-Åô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼¾-BïÅ-qºÛ-¯ï-nô-zºÛ-Åô-zŸÛºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

cervical lymph node

Ç+ï-©ïmü

cholelithiasis

¤FÛÅ-Cmü

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-z-¤VÛm-q¼-GmÅ-q¤FÛÅ-q¼-¾ËàP-z-hï-¤FÛÅ-qºÛ-¯ÛVGÅ-mÅ-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-Cm-mh-TÛG

colonoscope

¾ôP-mh-¿e-VÅü ¾ôP-Áï¾ü ¾ôP-GºÛ-mP-GÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¤ÛG-GÛÅ¤fôP-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºôh-ºiïm-MãÅÇ+Ýh-ˆÛ-mh-zdG-»ô-VÅ-ÁÛG

colonoscopy

¾ôP-GÛ-zdG-hrhü

¾ôP-Áï¾-HÛÅ-¾ôP-GºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¾zdG-hrh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hômü

colostomy

¾ôP-GÁGÅü

¿eô-z-mÅ-fh-;¼-zdô¾-bï-¾ôP-mÅzÁP-z-ºhôm-qºÛ-GÁGÅ-zTôÅü

colostrum

vÛü

zÞ-BïÅ-mÅ-ZÛm-hP-qôº¤-GZÛÅq¼-‚ãP-zºÛ-mÝ-Ÿô-fôG-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

compression therapy

hÝGÅü

hrh-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-mh-Åô-Åô¼-wmqºÛ-μÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-mhh¤ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-qº¤ü Å¢¼-mÅ-m-¸ÞG-ÅôGÅ-ºy¾-hÝGTôG-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ˆÛ¤ÛP.ü

cool

Ç¨mü

106

Medicine

zÅÛ¾-hÝGÅü

compression therapy

Vß-hP-lô-IP-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-mh-h¤ÛGÅÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-qº¤-¢¼-mÅ-m-¸ÞGGTôG-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

coronary failure

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

heart failure

¾-¿eôÅü

cotton buds

z¾-»ïü »ïºÞü

-cotton swabs ¾-¿eôÅü

cotton swabs

z¾-»ïü »ïºÞü

ÁÛP-zÞ-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-Çoï-GTÛG-G¤ü GZÛÅ-;¼-ÆÛm-z¾-ºW¤-qôÅ-h=ÛÅqºÛ-n-z-QôG-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ô-‚h-TÛG

cranial nerves

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯ü

V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-G®ô-zô->ÀhqºÛ-M-h¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-Åô-Åô-mÅ-fh-;¼HïÅ-qºÛ->Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯º¤-hzP-¯ºÛ¤ÛP.ü

cuticles

Åïm-BÛü Åïm-Áü

¾G-q-hP-@P-qºÛ-Åïm-¤ôºÛ-¯-zºÛqGÅ-qºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

cyst

Vß-Cmü

xÛ-»Û-Á-qGÅ-hP-mP-GÛ-hôm-Çoôh-mP-hÝMãm-¿km-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Vß-¿KP-¿e¼-BïÅ-qºÛCmü

cystitis

¿KP-qºÛ-GZm-±hü

¿KP-q¼-±-z-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-GZm-D-MÅqºÛ-mhü

deltoid muscle

¾ÞG-GŸÝG

hqÞP-qºÛ-¾ÞG-GŸÝG-Çeïü h‚ÛzÅ-ºizºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-hqÞP-±ÛGÅ-

Ç¨mü

107

Medicine

¾G-q-zAP-zÇ+Ý¤-‚Å-m-EÛ-FôÅ-q-¿e¼¤Vm-DÞP-hÝ-Zï¼-Zï¼-‚ïh-q-hïºÛ-Ço-mÅHïm-hÝ-Åôï¼-¿S-zT¾-zºÛ-Å¼-GmÅ-qºÛhqÞP-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

dura mater

M-h¼-xÛ-¤ü

k>Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-xÛ-PôÅbï-Æ-zºÛ-n¤-q-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

epiglottis

Íô¾-Dïzü Íô¾-ÇKôºÛ-Dïzü

¸Å-Ç+ô¤-ÅôGÅ-¤Ûh-Ç+zÅ-JÀô-»ÞºÛ-DºGïzÅ-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿Uï-»Û-wÞGÅ-ÅÞVGÅ-qºÛ-yâ¤-¼ÞÅ-¿Ëïz-¿Ëïz-h-ï»Û-¤ÛP.ü

eponychium

Åïm-BÛü Åïm-Áü

eyeball

¤ÛG-ºƒÅü ¤ÛG-¼Û¾ü

ÇK¾¿km-ÆôG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛG-ºzô¼-mP-hÝGmÅ-ÁÛP-ü ¤ÛG-ÁïÅ-ˆÛ-dïm-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¹â¤-¼Û¾-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e¼-VGÅqºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

facial nerve

GhôP-GÛ-Vß-¯ü

Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-zhÝm-q-Çeïü >ÀhGŸÛºÛ->Àh-¸¤-hP-Xï-ŸzÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼mÅ-fôm-q-hP-ü GhôP-GÛ-Á-IÛ¤-DGhP-¿Uï-¯ï(¿UïºÛ-ÅÞ¤-V-GZÛÅ)ÅôGÅ¾-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-ºGÝ¾-±ô¼-HÛ-Vß-¯GZÛÅü

deltoidpectoral lymph node

cuticle

¾-¿eôÅü

Ç¨mü

108

Medicine

femur head

Íô-fô-¼Û¾-zÞü Åï-z-¼ÞÅü

z½À-@P-GÛ-»¼-Çoï-hrÛºÛ-ºDô¼-¤ÛG-hPºyh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-Åï-zºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e¼-¼Û¾qô¼-»ôh-q-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

gastric ulcer

gastritis

wô-zºÛ-GZm-±hü

wô-zºÛ-¯Û-qGÅ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-Ÿï¤ï¼-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü »Ûh-G-ºVßÅ-qü ¸ôÅ-XïÅ-wô-z-Ç~ôÅ-ÁÛP-m-¸ÞG-¾P-qÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mh-dGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-wô-mh-TÛG

glabella

Ç¨Ûm-hƒG

Ç¨Ûm-¤-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-VÁÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

glossopharyngeal

Iï-¿UïºÛ-hzP-¯ü

K>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-hGÝ-q-Çeïü ¿Uï-¯-hP-Iï-z¼-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¿Uï-IïºÛ-Vß-¯GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

gunshot wound

haemorrhage

FG-Áô¼-zü ¯-D-Áô¼-zü

femoral lymph node

nerve

109

Medicine

Ç¨mü

heart failure

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

hôm-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-Ç‰ÛP-GÛÅ-¾ÞÅ-qô-º±ôdïm-Vïh-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-¸ÞPÅ-FG-±ß¾zŸÛm-ºDô¼-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

heartburn

ƒP-±ü

wô-z-hP-¤Ûh-q-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-wô-zºÛVß-Bå¼-¾PÅ-qÅ-ƒP-DôG-¾-±-Á¼-MGqü

heat stroke

±-ºzôG

ZÛ-¤-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-±-zºÛ-iôh-zÇeïm-iGÅqºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-im-¤ïh-zM¾-zü

hemiplegia

GŸôGÅ-zÁ¾ü GŸôGÅ-ºxïÅü ½ÀâP-mh-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-GŸôGÅ-xïh-¾-ŸÝGÅmÅ-hï-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-¯-hP-MãÅ-q-Ç+¤-q¼‚Å-bïü m-¸ÞG-hP-±ô¼-z-¤ïh-q¼-G»ôºGÝ¾-HÛ-‚-z-Z¤Å-bï-¾Å-GP-¾ºP¢ô¼-¤Û-mÝÅ-q-Ÿ-zºÛ-mh-TÛG Ç¨m-GŸÝPhÝü GŸôGÅ-xïh-Ç+¤-q-±ô¼-¤ïh-‚-zZ¤Åü

hydronephrosis

¤D¾-¤-Vß-Áô¼-qü

GTÛm-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝ-ºGGÅ-qÅ-GTÛm±ß¾-zŸÛm-Mã-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-¤D¾-¤¼-VßzÅGÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

hyoid bone

¿Uï -¯ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü

hyperthyrodism

Ç¨mü

110

Medicine

1ü ¿Uï-ºôG-GÛ-Vß-¯ü 2ü ¿UïºÛ-ºôG-GÛü

1ü ‚-hP-ü ¿eô-ºIôü mÝ-GÅôºÛ-ÆôGVGÅ-ˆÛ-¿UïºÛ-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-¯ŸÛG 2ü ¿UïºÛ-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛü

hypothyroidism

incisor tooth

¤hÝm-Åôü

»-¤G¾-hP-¤-¤G¾-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-hÝBïÅ-ÁÛP-ü ¸-¤-ÅôGÅ-ºVº-z-hP-ü GTôh-qü Gb¤-¬-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤hÝmÅôºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

hypoglossal

infertility

inguinal lymph node

¼zÅ-Vhü ¤Pº-¤Û-ºDô¼-zºÛ- yâ-GÝ-ºDô¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-m¤-Bômü Bômü Çoï-DÞh-©ïm-zÞü Çoï-ÅºÛ-©ïm-zÞü Çoï -Å-DÞh-hï-¿eô-z-hP-z½ÀºÛ-z¼-hÝ-»ôhqºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

interstitial fluid

wÞP-GÁï¼ü

¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-y-wÞP-z¼-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-Vß-GÁï¼HÛ-¤ÛP.ü

intravenous

¯-Dzü

Çkôh-¯¼-Ç¨m-Dz-MG-qºÛ-hômü

jugular notch

Ç+ï-ÇeôP-®¼-DÞP.ü

-suprasternal notch ¾-¿eôÅü

kidney failure

¤D¾-¤ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü

renal failure

injection

¾-¿ôeÅü

111

Medicine

Ç¨mü

kyphosis

h-Lm-mP-GÝG

½ÀâP-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ï-z-ZÛ-ÁÝºÛ-»-H¾ŸÛG-Çeïü ½ÀâP-mh-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ-¾-ŸÝGÅmÅ-¾ÞÅ-qô-GŸÝ-¿e¼-mP-hÝ-GÝG-q¼‚ïh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

leucorrhea

GÅÞ-zï¾ü

zÞh-¤ïh-ˆÛ-D¤Å-h;¼-qôºÛ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-¤GÅP-¾¤-mÅ-hÝÅ-¤Ûm-hÝ-º²GÅ-qºÛº‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-GÁï¼-DÞ-h;¼-qôºÛ¤ÛP.ü

leukemia

FG-ºƒÅü

FG-wÞP-h;¼-qô-¤-¼ÞP-z¼-ºwï¾-iGÅq-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-FG-GÛ-ºƒÅ-mh-TÛG

linea nigra

£æ¤-fÛG

zÞh-¤ïh-¾-¤P¾-£æ¤-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-¿eôz¼-GŸÝP-fÛG-mG-qô-ŸÛG-‚ãP-z-hï-»Û¤ÛP.ü

lipemia

FG-ŸG-ºwï¾-zü

FG-mP-ŸG-GÛ-n¤-q-ºwï¾-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

lipoma

±Û¾-Cmü

¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-±Û¾-ºwï¾-mÅ-Cm-hÝ-ºiÛ¾zºÛ-mh-TÛG

lordosis

h-Lm-xÛ¼-hHïü

½ÀâP-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ï-z-ZÛ-ÁÝºÛ-»-H¾ŸÛG-Çeïü ½ÀâP-mh-MãPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞG®ô-zô¼-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-ƒP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ºzÞ¼ŸÛP-ü ¿eG-qºÛ-ŸzÅ-ˆÛ-GZº-zºÛ¼ÞÅ-q-fÞP-fÞP-qô¼-Hã¼-mÅ-¿eG-q-hHïz¼-Hã¼-q-ŸÛG-Gôü Ç¨m-GŸÝP-hÝü hLm-xÛ¼-hHï-ƒP-ºzÞ¼-GZº-z-fÞP.ü

Ç¨mü

112

Medicine

ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-Åôü lymph

©ïm-GÁï¼ü

©ïm-Ç~äG-mP-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-¤hôG-¤ïh-hÐPÅGÅ¾-HÛ-GÁï¼-DÞ-ŸÛG-Çeïü hïºÛ-mP-ywÞP-hG(FG-wÞP-h;¼-qô-hPü hÐPÅ¤ü FG-wÞP-h¤¼-qôºÛ-V-ÁÅ-)»ôhTÛP-ü hïÅ-m-±-hP-GZm-D¼-GhôP¾ïm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü

lymph node

©ïm-zÞü

h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-¾ÞÅˆÛ-Ç+ï-¤WÛP-hP-ü ¤Vm-ºôG Çoï-Åü ¤ÛG-¸Þ¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-»Þ¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-VßGÁï¼-HÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-¤Dm-±Û¾-HÛ-¼ÛGÅ¤hôG-ÇSô-mG-Tm-HÛ-¤ÛP.ü hï-mÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛGÁï¼-DÞ-hP-FG-wÞP-h;¼-qôºÛ-º‚ãPDÞPÅ-»Ûmü

lymphadenitis

lymphadenopathy

©ïm-zÞ-CPÅ-qü

lymphedema

lymphoma

113

Medicine

Ç¨mü

mÅ-Cm-hÝ-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-Pô-zô-CPÅ-q-ÆŸÛP-ºiÛ¾-z-GbÛP-¾-¸ÞG-»ôh-TÛPºwï¾-ºƒÛ-VßP-zºÛ-ºƒÅ-mh-TÛG malignant

ºƒÅ-CPÅü

tumor

mammal

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¾ÞÅ-¸ÞPÅhôm-Çoôh-ˆÛ-GmÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-GôP-zÞ¼ºiÛ¾-mÅü ¾ÞÅ-¸ÞPÅ-ˆÛ-hÐPÅ-¤ºÛzTßh-μÅ-n¤Å-ºWÛz-ºfïm-‚ïh-q-hP-hhÝP-FG-¯-hP-©ïm-zÞ-zMãh-mÅ-GmÅGŸm-hÝ-¤Vïh-ºIô-zºÛ-mh-Pm-ŸÛG

ºô-ºfÞP-ÆôG-VGÅü mÝ-GÅô-ÆôG- VïÅ-¤fô-¼Û¤-HÛ-ÇK¾-¿km-FG-iôm-ÆôGVGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-bï-¤ºÛ-ºô-¤-¾-zdïm-mÅVGÅü º±ô-z¼-‚ïh-q-hP.ü ¾ÞÅ-¾-z-ÇtäÅ-Ezqü VïÅ-h¤º-¼Û¤-HÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-DGTÛG-ÇKô-P-¾Å-BïÅ-q-¤-GbôGÅ-GŸmf¤Å-Th-¤P¾-¾Å-BïÅ-qºôü

mastitis

mÝ-¤ºÛ-GZm-±hü

mÝ-¤¼-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-ÁÛP¸ÞG-G¸ï¼-Vï-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

measles

Åï-zÞü ÅÛz-zÛ-¯ï-Gïü

‚ÛÅ-q-¾-¤P-Vï-z-»ôP-zºÛ-GZm¼Û¤Å-±zÅ-Vïm-bïü G¸ÞGÅ-qô»ôPÅ-¾-fô¼-q-h¤¼-qô-ÅÛz-ÅÛz-hômqºÛ-mh-TÛG

meninges

>Àh-qºÛ-M-h¼ü

>Àh-q-hP-MãPÅ-q-GZÛÅ-¾-xÛ-mÅGbà¤-‚ïh-ˆÛ-qGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôhq-hï-¾-¸ï¼ü

Ç¨mü

114

Medicine mesophyron

Ç¨Ûm-hƒG

glabella

metritis

¤P¾-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

zÞ-Çoôh-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qü

mid brain

z¼->Àhü

>Àh-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-hï-¾-¸ï¼ü

milk teeth/

ÅïºÞü mÝ-Åôü ºô-Åôü

¤Û-ÅôGÅ-ºô-ºfÞP-ÆôG-VGÅ-n¤Å-¾‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Åô-ÇS-xÛ-GZÛÅ-Bï-ŸÛP.ü ÇS-¤-¾-mÝ-Åô-ŸïÅ-¸ï¼-z-hP.ü xÛ-¤-¾-¸‚ïh-h¤-zdm-Åô-ŸïÅ-¸ï¼-zÅ-ÇS-¤ºÛ¤ÛP-Pô.ü

moral tooth

ºI¤-Åôü

D-Ç~äG-mP-GÛ-Mz-ºI¤-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-BïÅqºÛ-Åô-@P-TßP-¼GÅ-qºÛ-¸Å-ÅôGÅ-¿kh‚ïh-hïü ¤Û-¾-hï-ºi-ºI¤-Åô-ÇeïP-ºôGiâG-¼ï-zTß-GZÛÅ-»ôhü

morning

ºFÛ-mhü £æ¤-dGÅü

zÞh-¤ïh-¾-¤P¾-ºDô¼-mÅ-¤P¾GmÅ-¾-¤±m-¤-hôh-qºÛ-fôG-¤ºÛÇ+zÅ-ÅÞ-Ÿï-¤ï¼-¾PÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

n-¯-wÞÅ-ºhïzÅü

ºi-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-GZm¼Û¤Å-zTô-zMh-ˆÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-Çeïü Pô-zô-GZm-¼Û¤Å-n-zºÛ-¯-hP-hïºÛ-ZïºDô¼-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-ÁÛP-n-zºÛ-fh-ˆÛ-¯n¤Å-wÞÅ-ºhïzÅ-q-¿e¼-CPÅ-q-hPGZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

dediduous teeth/baby teeth/fall teeth

sickness

mumps

¾-¿eôÅü

115

Ç¨mü

Ç‰ÛP-FG-Mã-z-¤Û-Ç‰ô¤Å-qü

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-FG-¯-ºGGÅ-mÅ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-ÁIÛ¤Å-DG-GTÛG-¾-¸ÞPÅ-FG-ZÝPiGÅ-qÅ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-y-wÞP-hG-Z¤Å-q¼Hã¼-qºÛ-mhü

mysophobia

z®ôG-ºWÛGÅü

f¾-lÝ¾-¾¤-Ç~G-z®ôG-GÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ŸïÇoP-Bï-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-D¤Å-ˆÛ-m-±-ŸÛG

nasal cleansing

Ço-¢ôPü Ço-zÁ¾ü

ÇoºÛ-mP-hÝ-Ç¨m-„ÀâGÅ-mÅ-Ço-hP-¤±ß¾q-ºGGÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-m¤-±ôP-»m-HÛ-mhzÅ¾-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¢ôP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

nasal polyposis

Á-¾Þü ÇoºÛ-Á-¿ËG

ÇoºÛ-mP-hÝ-Á-lôG-BïÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-bï-ÇozÞG-ºGGÅ-qºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG

nausia

ºFÛ-mhü £æ¤-dGÅü

Medicine myocardial infarction

morning sickness

¾-¿ôeÅü

gravidarum necrosis

nephritis

nephrolithiasis

wÞP-ºiâ¾ü

GZm-D-MG-qº¤-FG-GÛ-ºDô¼-MãGŸm-qÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-y-wÞP-n¤Å-ÁÛ-z¼-Hã¼qºÛ-hômü

¤D¾-±hü ¤D¾-¤ºÛ-GZm- ¤D¾-¤¼-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG ±hü ¤D¾-lôü wÞG-lïü

hÐPÅ-¤-¤-ŸÝ-zºÛ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-¤-hï-ZÛh¤D¾-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-iÛ-VßºÛ-iôh-ˆÛÅz®ôÅ-bï-lïºÞ¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-hômü

Ç¨mü

116

Medicine nervous system

hzP-¯ºÛ-¤-¾G

±ô¼-‚ïh-hzP-qô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-ºGÝ¾-zBôh¾-Ç‰ô¤-OÛG-hP-ü xÛ-¼ô¾-»Þ¾-¾ºyôh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-hP-ÆôG-VGÅhG-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-m-hzP-¯ºÛ-y-wÞP-¾Å-IâzqºÛ-¤-¾G-¤VÛÅ-Åô-TôG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü

neurasthenia

½ÀâP-¸hü

hzP-¯ºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-mÝÅ-q-hô-¤-Ç‰ô¤-q¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-mh-TÛG-Çeïü fP-Vh-TÛP-ü ¸ÞPÅ-Ÿm-qü zXïh-PÅ-Vï-zü ¾ÞÅ-ˆÛGmÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-m-¸ÞG-»ôh-qü ¤Gô-mŸÛP-¤Gô-»Þ-ºDô¼-z-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mh-dGÅ¤Pôm-q-ŸÛG-Gôü

neuropathy

¯-h;¼-HÛ-mhü hzP-¯ºÛ-mhü hzP-¯ºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ->Àh-¯-hP-ü ÇK¾GŸÝP-ü hôm-Çoôh-ÅôGÅ-¾-Ez-qºÛ-¯h;¼-n¤Å-¾-mh-wôG-qº¤-mÝÅ-q-¾GïGÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

neuroscience

hzP-¯ºÛ-±m-¼ÛG

hzP-¯ºÛ-¤-¾G-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG

nocturia

¤±m-GTÛmü

h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-HÛÅ-¾ô-m-Lm-q¼-Hã¼zºÛ-¤±m-¤ô¼-GTÛm-»P-Åï-»P-ÅïGbôP-hGôÅ-qü

obesity

±ô-VïÅü ±ô-mhü

¾ÞÅ-±ô-VïÅ-qºÛ-mh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

oculomotor

¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-hzP-¯ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-GÅÞ¤-qÇeïü ¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-z-hP.M¾-¤ôºÛ-z®Û¼Gmôm-hï-zŸÛm-¤ÛG-¿UÛzÅ-D-º‚ïh-q-

nerve

Ç¨mü

117

Medicine

ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-qºÛ¤ÛG-¼Û¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-Vß-¯GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü olfactory nerve

Çoô¤-‚ïh-hzP-¯ü

k>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-hP-qôºÛ¤ÛP-Çeïü Ço-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-iÛ-¤-Çoô¤-‚ïhˆÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

optic nerve

¤fôP-‚ïh-hzP-¯ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-q-Çeïü ¤ÛG-GÛ-iÔ-BÛhP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤fôP-‚ïh-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ¤ÛP.ü

orchitis

½ÀÛG-ºƒÅ-GZm-±hü

½ÀÛG-ºƒÅ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-mÅ-Vï¼CPÅ-q-hP-m-¸ÞG-MG-qºÛ-mhü

ovarian cyst

zÅ¤-ÅïºÛ-Vß-Cmü

zÞ-¤ïh-ˆÛ-zÅ¤-ÅïºÞ-mP-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-VßºzÞ¼-HÛ-Cmü

palpitation

Ç‰ÛP-G»ÞG Ç‰ÛP-zlÝPÅü

Ç‰ÛP-iG-bà-ºw¼-zº¤-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-±ß¾Mãm-¿km-¾Å-ºhÅ-qü

pandiculation

G»¾-ªP.ü JÀ¾-ªP.ü

G»¾-ÇeôP-zMz-q-hP-‚-ªP-Çeï-AôPÁh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hômü »P-m-G»¾-mÛG»¾-ÇeôP-MG-qºÛ-hôm-hP-ü ªP-mÛ‚-ªP-Çeï-AôP-Áh-‚ïh-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-±ÛG¸Þ¼-zÇkÝÅ-qºôü

pectoralis

ƒP-GÛ-mÝ-Á

ƒP-GÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-mÝ-Á-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

muscle

Ç¨mü

118

Medicine

MãP-qü

wô-¤±m-HÛ-MãÅ-qºÛ-Gz-¤ÛP-Çeïü hïÅZ¾-qô-‚ïh-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-wô-¤±mOïPÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-qºôü

percussion

zï¤-bô¾ü

Åô¼-¤ôÅ-¾ÞÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-Áïh-Vï-VßP-Ç‰ô¤Åq¼-lïG-Çeï-m-±-zdG-fzÅ-ÁÛG

pericardial

Ç‰ÛP-Vßü

Ç‰ÛP-mh-h‚ï-z-zhÝm-HÛ-»-H¾-ŸÛG-Çeïü Pô-zô-Ç‰ÛP-¾-Vß-Åï¼-ºzz-TÛP-GÅôG-qÅÇ‰ÛP-ZÛh-Vï¼-MÅ-q-ŸÛG-»Ûmü

pericarditis

Ç‰ÛP-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

Ç‰ÛP-ÁÝm-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mhü

pericardium

Ç‰ÛP-BÛü Ç‰ÛP-¿tGÅü

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-xÛ-¼Þ-G»ôGÅ-qºÛ-½Àm-GÁï¼º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-ÁÝm-BÛ-Æz-¤ô-¼Û¤-qGZÛÅ-Tm-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü

peritoneum

Iôh-BÛü

Iôh-ÁºÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-º‚¼-zºÛ-BÛ¿tGÅ-hP-ü wô-¾ôP-Mã-¤-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÇKP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-w¼-G»ôGÅ-qºÛ-BÛ¿tGÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

peritonitis

Iôh-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

Iôh-BÛ-¾-GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

permanent

zdm-Åôü

¤ÛÛ-¾-‚ÛÅ-q-mÅ-h¼-¤ºÛ-z¼-ÇS-XïÅ-ÅÞÅô-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-Bï-Mã-»ôh-q-¾Åü ¾ôm-iâG-mÅ-zMh-¾-Åôm-±ï-mÝ-Åô-n¤ÅzÞh-mÅ-ÁÝ¾-hÝ-¬-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-Åô-zMhhP.ü ¤²ïÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¤Vï-z-zŸÛü ¥G-

penile suspensory ligament

effusion

teeth

Ç¨mü

119

Medicine

‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºI¤-Åô-zTß-iâG ¤fºÛ-Åô-VßPzŸÛ-zTÅ-zÇkô¤Å-zdm-Åô-IPÅ-ÅÞ¤Tß-Åô-GZÛÅ-»ôhü phlebitis

pia mater

Çkôh-¯ºÛ-GZm-±hü

¿ËG-bà-@P-P¼-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-Çkôh-¯¼GZm-±h-MÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

>Àh-qºÛ-mP-BüÛ M-h¼-mP-¤fºü >Àh-BÛ-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-»ôh-q-¾Å-mP-PôÅÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ->Àh-BÛ-hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü »P-m>Àh-q-¾-qGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-GÅÞ¤-zÇem-q¾Å-Ÿô-hP-ºô-¤ºÛ-D-¾-vÛÅ-¤ÅG»ôGÅ-q-¿e¼-ˆÛ->Àh-q-Gbà¤-‚ïh-ˆÛqGÅ-q-¼Û¤-q-hP-qôºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

pituitary body

pituitary gland

pleura

ƒP-BÛü

ƒP-DôG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-hP-JÀô-zºÛ-¤fººDô¼-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-½Àm-GÁï¼-º‚¼-zGTm-HÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

pleural cavity

ƒP-BÛºÛ-GÅP.ü

ƒP-DôG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-º‚¼-zºÛBÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-q-hP-ü JÀô-zºÛ-¿kïzÅPôÅ-ÅÞ-w¼-º‚¼-zºÛ-BÛ-¿tGÅ-¼Û¤-qGZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼-¤±¤Å-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛVß-GÁï¼-¸GÅ-hôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-hï-¾-

pituitary gland

¾-¿ôeÅü

Ç¨mü

120

Medicine

Gôü IP-BÛºÛ-h¤Þ-Vßü ƒP-Vßü

ƒP-GÛ-BÛ-DôG-mP-Vß-GÁï¼-¤P-hÝºwï¾-mÅ-ƒP-DôG-mP-Vß-zÅGÅ-qºÛmh-TÛG

pneumonia

JÀô-±hü JÀô-zºÛ-GZm-±hü

mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-JÀô-z¼-GZm±h-wôG-mÅ-±-z-MÅ-q-hP-ü ƒPzÇk¤-qü hzÞGÅ-º‚Ûm-h;º-z-ÅôGÅˆÛ-mh-dGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

polio

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛzü

poliomyelitis

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛzü

‚ÛÅ-qºÛ-¯-IÛz-ˆP-¸ï¼-zºÛ-GZm-ÆÛm>Àh-q-hP-MãPÅ-q¼-ŸÝGÅ-mÅ-G¸ÞGÅqô-xïh-h¤-‚ÛPÅ-Ÿ-¼ïPÅ-VGÅ-qºÛGZm-¼Û¤Å-ˆÛ-mh-TÛG

polyspermia

DÞ-ºwï¾ü

BïÅ-qºÛ-D¤Å-h;¼-qô-ºwï¾-VïÅ-qü

popliteal fossa

NÛh-DÞG

qÞÅ-¤ôºÛ-Mz-xôGÅ-;ôP-ˆôP-GÛ-n¤q¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-NÛh-DÞP-P¤-‚Ûm-DÞGˆP-¸ï¼-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP-ü

popliteal lymph

ÇKz-¯-mG-qôü

NÛh-DÞG-mÅ-fÞ¼-hÝ-Åô¼-zŸÛ-ºW¾-zºÛ-

pleural effussion

node

popliteal vein

poliomyelitis

¾-¿ôÅe ü

Ç¨mü

121

Medicine

¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Gb¼-¯-ŸÛG-Çeïü hï-Gb¼-m-¤VÛm-q-Vï¼-MÅ-q-hP-ü ÇK¾-GŸÝP-¼ïPÅ-mÅ-¿eG-hHï-VGÅqü hrÛ-@ïh-G¸ï¼-zü ¤P¾-FGº‚¤Å-q-zTÅ-¾-wmü pregnancy

ºFÛ-mhü

morning sickness

¾-¿ôeÅü

JÀô-Vßü JÀô-zºÛ-Vß-¸GÅü

JÀô-z¼-Vß-zÅGÅ-qºÛ-mhü

sickness pulmonary edema pyrosis

ƒP-±ü

rabies

EÛ-hÝG ¤Vï-hÝG

EÛ-«ôm-HÛÅ-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Åô-zbz-qº¤hïºÛ-D-½ÀPÅ-wôG-qºÛ-hÝh-ºIô-mÅ-¤Û¾-ºGôÅ-qºÛ-mh-TÛG-Çeïü ¤Gô-m-zhP.ü IP-ÁÝ¤-MG-qü ±ÛG-q-¸-zü h;¼-VºÛ-ºôh-¤hPÅ-¤Û-ºEôG-qü Vß-¤fôP-hÝÅ-hPPÅ-qü EÛ-Ç+h-ºhômq-ÅôGÅ-EÛ-uôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

rectal prolapse

GŸP-¾ÞG

GŸP-h;¼-mG-GÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-Í-¾ôPD-mÅ-xÛ¼-¾ÞG-qºÛ-mh-TÛG

renal failure

heartburn

¾-¿eôÅü

¤D¾-¤ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-qü ¾ÞÅ-qô¼-zlz-ºI¤Å-Áô¼-z-hP.ü z½Àm-ÇeïP-hÝ-Z¾-zº¤-ºhÝG-iGÅ-qü Vß-»Û-¾Å-¤P-‚Å-q-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Aïm-

Ç¨mü

122

Medicine

¾Å-¤D¾-¤ºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-mÅ-FGGÛ-hÐPÅ-Ç‰ÛGÅ-±ß¾-zŸÛm-º‚ïh-¤Û-mÝÅqºÛ-mhü sternocleidom-

MP-Á-‚ïh-¾Åü

Iï-zºÛ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅqºÛ-¤Gô-wm-±ßm-GŸÝ-zºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-TmHÛ-Ç+ïºÛ-Á-Gmh-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

¤Å-¤Vß-hP-¤-¾ï-¿Uï-¯ï-zTÅ-mÅ-©ïmGÁï¼-mP-hÝ-ºiïm-q-hP-ü G®P-Åï¾‚ïh-XïÅ-Ç+ïºÛ-yh-VGÅ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-mPxÛ¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤-¤G¾-hP-¿Uï-¯ºÛ¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-Á-IÛ¤-HÛ-xÛ-PôÅ-mGmÅ-qºÛ-©ïm-zÞºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

Ç+ï-ÇeôP-®-¼-DÞP.ü

ƒP-¼ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¯ï-hP-OôG-¼ÞÅ-G»ÅG»ôm-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-ÇeôP-VºÛ-¤ÛP.ü

astoid

sub mandibular lymph node sub mental lymph node

supra clavicular lymph node suprasternal notch synovial fluid

zh-;m-º‚ô¼-‚ïhü ¸ÞPÅ-Vßü ¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-±ÛGÅ-¤±¤Å-z¼-¾-GmÅÁÛP.ü ±ÛGÅ-q-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-º‚ô¼z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-Vß-GÁï¼-

Ç¨mü

123

Medicine

hï-»Û-¤ÛP.ü tetanus

thyroid

º²â¤-zÞ-¿eG-hHïü ½ÀâP-mh-Í- G®ô-zô-©-D-mÅ-DôP-hÝ-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ¶d-mü GZm-mh-MãP-q¼-zzÅ-qü z¸ÞP-zÅˆP-¤Û-fÞz-q¼-¿eG-q-hHï-Hï¼-ºIô-zü ºVÛ-zºÛ-±ï-º²â¤-qºÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-¿e¼ÇoP-zºÛ-mh-iG-qô-ŸÛG-Gôü ¿~-©ïm-Ç+Ý¾-Mãü

stimulating

hormone

‘

tinnitus

n-z-ºÞ¼-zü

n-zºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-ºÞ¼ºÞ¼-HÛ-O-IGÅ-qü

torso

‚P-DôG

¤Gô-Ç+ï-»m-¾G-wÞh-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-bïü ¤ÛhP-ÆôG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-hôm-¿S-Çoôh-iâG-GmÅÅºÛ-‚P-DôG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü

trapezius

GZº-Á-mG-qôü

hqÞP-qºÛ-f¾-GôP-Çeï-yG-qºÛ-ÇeïP-mGZº-Á-mG-qô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

trigeminal nerve

hzP-¯-GÅÞ¤-¤hô-¼ÛÅü

Vß-¯-º¤-hzP-¯-¿S-q-Çeïü @m-HÛ-hˆÛ¾hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¿Uï-¤ÛG-Ço-hP-n-z-zTÅ-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-GhôP-q-¾-±ô¼-z-º‚Ûm-qhP-ü ¸-¤-ÅôGÅ-¿kh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Vß¯-GÅÞ¤-¤hô-¼ÛÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

trochlear nerve

¤ÛG-ºGÝ¾-hzP-¯ü

¤ÛG-ÇeïP-GÛ-Á-IÛ¤-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Hïm-

muscle

Ç¨mü

124

Medicine

z¿eºÛ-Vß-¯-GZÛÅü umbilical cord

¿eï-fG

¤P¾-GmÅ-zÞ-hP-Á-¤-GZÛÅ-ºƒï¾z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¿eï-zºÛ-fG-q-hï-¾-Gôü

ureterolithiasis

¾¤-lïü

GTÛm-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝºÛ-mP-GÛ-lïºÞü

urinalysis

Vß-zdG

mh-qºÛ-iÛ-Vßº¤-GTÛm-q¼-zdG-hrh‚ïh-qü

urinary system

GTÛm-DÞP-¤-¾G

GTÛm-q-z¸ô-GÅôG-fôm-GÅÞ¤-‚ïh-qºÛ¤D¾-¤-hP-ü Mã-IôG ¿KP-qü Vß-Åôn¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-¤-¾G

urinary tract

GTÛm-¾¤-GZm-Dü

¤D¾-¤-hP-Mã-IôG ¿KP-q-Vß-Åô-zTÅGTÛm-DÞP-¤-¾G-GÛ-GZm-Dü

GTÛm-¼ÛG-±m-DG

¤D¾-¤-zMãh-mÅ-GTÛm-¿KP-q¼GÅôG-TÛP-Vß-Åô-mÅ-fôm-qºÛ-z¼-HÛ-mh¾-zdG-hrh-Ç¨m-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-±mDG

uterine fibroids

¤P¾-Cm-Éï¤-qôü

¤P¾-HÛ-mP-¿kïzÅ-ºW¤-ºiïh-Á-IÛ¤hP-ü ¤P¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-wÞP-Iâz-¾Cm-ºiÛ¾-zºÛ-mh-TÛG

uterine

zÞ-Çoôh-¾ÞG-qü

zÞ-Çoôh-±P-¼ºÛ-mP-mÅ-¤±m-¤ºÛ-D¼º²¼-»ôP-zº¤-¾ÞG-»ôP-zºÛ-mh-ˆÛ¤ÛP-ü

infection urology department

prolapse

Ç¨mü

125

Medicine uteritis

¤P¾-BÛºÛ-GZmü

uvula

¿Uï-VßP.ü

@m-wÞG-hˆÛ¾-mÅ-¿UïºÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ÛzÅmÝ-¤-¿e¼-¤¼-ºxP-z-hï-¾-¿Uï-VßP-¸ï¼ü

vagus nerve

hrPÅ-fG-Vß-¯ü

>Àh-qºÛ-Vß-¯-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-zTß-qÇeïü >Àh-qºÛ-Xï-ŸzÅ-mÅ-Ç+ïºÛ-mPzMãh-hï-Ç‰ÛP-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-DôP-qºÛ-mPGÛ-hôm-Çoôh-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¯-h;¼-G®ôVï-z-zTß-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-zÇkÝÅ-¤ÛP.ü

ventricle

metritis

¾-¿eôÅü

1ü MãPÅ-qºÛ-ÇK¾-DÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ1ü >Àh-ÁG 2ü Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-DôG-VßP.ü Ç‰ÛP-ÁG- >Àh-Vß-º²Ûm-qºÛ->Àh-ÁG-zŸÛ-¾Å-GPVßP-zü ¼ÞP-TÛG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü 2ü DôG-Vïm-mÅ-FG-±ß¼-¾ïm-hPFG-¯-¼-w¼-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛDôG-VßP-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤ÛP.ü

vertigo

¸Û-ºEô¤ü ¤Gô-ºDô¼ü

xÛ-»Û-»Þ¾-ÇoP-»ô-ºEô¤-‚ïh-q-Çeï ü ÁïÅ-q-¸-¸Û¼-Hã¼-TÛP-ºIô-zºÛ-±ï-ÅGŸÛ-»ô-ŸÛP-ºEô¤-qºÛ-Z¤Å-ÇoP-‚ãPz-¾-‚ºôü

vestibulocochlear

O-º²Ûm-hzP-¯ü

Vß-¯-zMh-q-Çeïü mP-n-mÅ-Ç+h-ˆÛ-OhP-hô-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zl-¾m->Àh-q¼-Aï¾ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-n-z-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-O¾ïm-Vß-¯-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü

nerve

Ç¨mü

126

Medicine

iôh-hÝGÅü

±Ð-hP-‚ï-¤-ÅôGÅ-¤ï¼-zÆôÅ-qºÛ-XïÅÅÞ-mh-h¤ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zhÝG-hGôÅ-qºÛhÝGÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛPü

wisdom tooth

¤fº-Åôü Ç~äG-Åôü

»-¤G¾-hP-¤-¤G¾-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-wÞGÅÅÞ-BïÅ-qºÛ-¤fºÛ-Åô-VßP-zŸÛºÛ-¤ÛP.Çeïü zdm-Åô-Åô-GZÛÅ-qô-mÅ-¤fº¤¼(h¼-¤-¾ô-16 mÅ-21 z¼-hÝ)BïÅ-qºÛ-Åô-»Ûmü

yawn

G»¾-ÇeôP.ü JÀ¾-zü

½ÀâP-mh-¿kP-qºÛ-dGÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü DGhPÅ-ÁÛP-Ç+h-O-hP-zTÅ-hzÞGÅxÛ¼-º‚Ûm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG

warm compression therapy

Appendix I

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü

127

PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (Department of Education) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far as possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms: a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbondioxide etc. b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere etc. c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc. d) Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc. e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc. f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which have gained practically world-wide usage g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical operations should be in Roman or Greek alphabets)

The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, but abbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially for common weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will be used as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls.eh. This will apply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standard works of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm., should be used.

Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d, [k, x

v, c, l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used in trignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc. 4.

Conceptual terms should generally be translated.

128

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü

In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.

The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms: a) common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and b) based on Sanskrit roots.

Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certain technical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi for continent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.

Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained wide currency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.

Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The transliteration of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitate the introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum approximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications as prevalent amongst the educated circle in India.

Appendix I

10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in the masculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary. 11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for ‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normal and natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practice keeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity, utility and precision. 12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi may be avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easier and quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards,vkfno`f} in Sanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfno`f} in prevalent Sanskrit tatsama words e.g., O;kogfjd, yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newly coined words. 13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of ‘hal’ wherever necessary. 14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLokj may be preferred in place of iape o.kZ, but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should be ysUl] isVsUV and not ysal]isVsaV or isV.s V.

Appendix I

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü

129

M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-G-Û ±m-¼GÛ -hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-ˆ-Û zl-Vh-u-Û Ez-DP-G-Û ±m-¼GÛ -hP-ºyâ¾-¾Åf-Çh‰ -Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆ-Û ¯-º²Ûm-DG (zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÅÝ ü) 1ü M¾-uºÛ -Û ¤PÛ -±GÛ -GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-ÍmÛ -±GÛ -¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-M-ã hP-ÈmÛ -hºÛ ¤-»P-mü MG¼-HÛ-Çh+ -»ÛG-GŸm-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿¼e -HÛ-O-N¼å -GÁ¤-GÅ¾-¿¼e -‚-Mãü ; D¤Å-μÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-μÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü hqï¼-mü hydrogen, carbon dioxide ¿e-zÞ-hP.ü D ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅü G GP-¸G-hP-»¾Þ -¾PÞ -ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û hPôÅ-¤PÛ -hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤PÛ -±GÛ marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Gullotine), gerry-mander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.

P T V W

¤ÛP-¸Þ¼-GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-Çh‰ ü botany, zoology, geology. ºHã¼-¤ïh-¤±ôm-dGÅ- π, g, ¿e-zÞü º²¤-JPÛÀ -u-Û »Pô Å-¾-Ez-V-ï zºÛ-±GÛ radio, petrol, radar, electron, proton, neutron. ¯ÛÅ-hP-±m-¼ÛG-DG-GÛ-IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-mü sin, cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-n¤Å- Roman, Greek GP-¼ÞP-»Ûm-hGôÅ) 2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-zÞ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-bà-ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-ˆP.ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG-n¤ÅGbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛÅ-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼- ls.eh. ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG ºôm-ˆP-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÛÅ-q-hP-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛz;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼GÛ -hP-ºyâ¾-¼GÛ -ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û ±h-¿mk -ºƒÛ-¯ô¤-mP-M¾-uºÛ -Û ¤±ôm-dGÅbïü cm Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü

130

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü

Appendix I

3ü fÛG-¯ÅÛ -ˆ-Û z;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-H-Û »GÛ -¼GÛ Å-mÅ- d, [k, x º¤- v, c, l ¿e-z-Þ ºƒÛ-VôG-TPÛ .ü ¸Þ¼GÅÞ¤-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-zÞ-¼ô-¤m-»Û-Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïh-hGôÅü 4ü ºV¼-ÇPo -GÛ-f-Çh‰ -n¤Å-uÛ¼-zbP-hôm-N¼å -‚ïh-hGôÅü 5ü ÈÛm-hÛ-Çh+ -hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Çz+ Å-Çze Å-zhï-zü hôm-¤Û-ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-Ç-À z-zTÅ-¾-hô-ÇPo hGôÅ-¾ü ½‰ÛP-Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z¸ÞP-GÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇôtP-hGôÅü 6ü M-G¼-HÛ-Çh+ -¼ÛGÅ-DG-GÛ-f-Çh‰ -GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü ; M-G¼-HÛ-Çh+ -¼ÛGÅ-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.ü D ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-HÛ-‚ÛPÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-hGôÅü 7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Çh+ -ˆÛ-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/telegram ¾continent ¾- egk}hi] post ¾- Mkd] ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü

rkj

hP-

8ü ÍÛm-WÛ-hP.ü qô¼-Tß-GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-TÛ-ÅôGÅ-Çh+ -»ÛG-GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü 9ü M¾-uºÛ -Û zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼-Û »-Û Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Çz+ Åü ±h-¿mk -H-Û O-GPZï-hP-M-G¼-H-Û ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-H-Û ¤-Û w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇemà -bï-Çze Å-GP-zhï-‚ïh-q-¾Åü OdGÅ-GÅ¼-z-¤P-qô-Çôom-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-‚-Mãü 10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uºÛ -Û zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±GÛ -Dô-m¼-ºƒÛMãü 11ü xïh-xïh-ºƒï¾-H-Û f-Çh‰ -hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical, dksMd+ kj = codifier ÅôGÅ-Çh+ -ˆÛ-¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»Ûm-qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü zïh-uôh-Vï-zü »ÛG-±ôGÅ-VßP-z-zTÅ-¾-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zl-Vh-ˆÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿¼e -ºWôG-Mãü

Appendix I

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü

131

12ü zl-Vh-GÅ¼-z¸ôº-Û Çz+ Å-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½ôG‰ -Vï-zºÛ-±GÛ -zÇkhÝ -hP-zÇkÅÝ -±GÛ -ÅôGÅ-¤-Û hGôÅ-q¼ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-Çïkz-MãºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-Ç-S xÛºÛ-hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ-(-)z;ôh-m-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-Ç-À z¼-wm-PïÅü 13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÅ¼-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-xÛ¼-ÆôG-¤ïh-ˆÛ-dGÅ-GP-¾-TÛ-ºôÅMG-hGôÅü 14ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-P-¼ô-zïh-uôh-‚-Mã-Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- lens hP- patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Çz+ Å-ysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-hGôÅüü

132

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GZÛÅ-qü

Appendix II

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS

A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably—precision of meaning.

A concept should have only one term to refer to it.

Related concepts should have related/similar terms

Similar concepts should have similar terms

A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages— especially Indian languages

A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it

Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred

Terms should be simple and enphonious—easy to understand and use.

A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible

10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge 11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of meaning; long compounds should be avoided 12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due weight for coining terms 13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms 14. Existing words of the language must be tested 15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues 16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.

Appendix III

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü

D¤Å-μÅ-hÅÝ -ºDô¼-¼ïº-Þ ¤GÛ Periodic Table of Elements

lÝ¾-IPÅü

D¤Å-μÅü

¤±ôm-dGÅü

Hydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Beryllium

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulphur

Chlorine

Argon

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

zôh-zlü »P-½ÀâP.ü Èï-¾Û-»¤ü ¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü zï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü ±-¾-mG-qôü mG-μÅü ;¼-zômü ¸ï-½ÀâP-ü ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.ü wÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmü mï-½ÀâP.ü zÞ¾-μÅü h;¼-G»ºü È-»P.ü ÅÛ-¾Û-;ômü ºôh-ˆÛ-¤-¤ü ¤Þ-¸Ûü ±Ð-½ÀâP.ü Í¼-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ü hÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôü h;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛü ÅÛ-;m-^Û-»¤ü

133

134

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü

Appendix III

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

Krypton

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

Zirconium

Niobium

Molybdenum

Technetium

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

‡ñ-‡ï-mÛ-»¤ü ¶ï-mÛ-^Û-»¤ü ;ô-¿GU Åü ¤ïP-¿GU Åü ¿UGÅü ;ô-z×¾ü GÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü ¸PÅü bÛ-±ü JËï-¾Û-»¤ü W¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤ü z-„Àü Åï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤ü zÞ¼ô-¤Ûmü Ç~Å-½ÀâP-ü ¼Þ-zÛ-^Û-»¤ü Çœôm-Á¤ü »Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü ²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ü mïºô-zÛ-»¤ü ¤ô-¾Û-z-^Û-m¤ü ‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü ¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü ¼ô-^Û-»¤ü q-¾ï-^Û-»¤ü hPÞ¾ü bÛ-±-Ð BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü ¤fÛP-¿GU Åü

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü 135 (¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü ¤ÛG-Çm¨ ü ‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü ¿~-±üÐ ²ïm-½ÀâP.ü Åï-ÅÛ-»¤ü zï-¼Û-»¤ü ¾ïm-fï-m¤ü Åï-¼Û-»¤ü Å-¿ËºÛ-G»P-μÅü q-¼×-ÅÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü mÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü qô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤ü Å-¤-¼Û-»¤ü »Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤ü Gh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤ü bØ¼-zÛ-»¤ü ^ï-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤ü Èô¾-¤Û-»¤ü Íï¼-zÛ-»¤ü fÞ-¾Û-»¤ü »Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü ¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤ü Èz-mÛ-»¤ü bm-b-¾¤ü ‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü ¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü Íô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤ü ÍÛ-¼Û-^Û-»¤ü

Appendix III 50

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

Xenon

Cesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Cerium

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Promethium

Samarium

Europium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Holmium

Erbium

Thulium

Ytterbium

Lutetium

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

136

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü

Appendix III

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

Francium

Radium

Actinium

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

Americium

Curium

Berkelium

Californium

Einsteinium

100

Fermium

101

Mendelevium

102

Nobelium

103

Lawrencium

Lw/Lr

104

Rutherfordium

105

Dubnium

GÅï¼-h;¼-qôü GÅï¼ü hPÞ¾-Vßü fï¾-¾Û-»¤ü Ÿ-Zïü zÛ-ÅÛ-¤-fü qô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤ü ÍÅï-‡ï-‡Ûmü Pz-½ÀâP.ü w-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¼ï-^Û-»¤ü ÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü fô-¼Û-»¤ü qÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü »Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü ¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞü qÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤ü Í-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤ü Eã-¼Û-»¤ü z¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü ;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤ü Íïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤ü w¼-¤Û-»¤ü ¤ïm-^ï-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ü mô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü ¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¼Þ-f¼-wô¼-^Û-»¤ü ^z-mÛ-»¤ü

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü Å×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤ü zô-¼Û-»¤ü È-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤ü h©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü ¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤ü D¤Å-μÅ- 112 qü D¤Å-μÅ- 113 qü D¤Å-μÅ- 114 qü D¤Å-μÅ- 115 qü D¤Å-μÅ- 116 qü

Appendix III 106

Seaborgium

107

Bohrium

108

Hassium

109

Meitnerium

110

Darmstadtium

111

Roentgenium

112

Ununbium

Uub

113

Ununtrium

Uut

114

Ununquadium

Uuq

115

Ununpentium

Uup

116

Ununhexium

Uuh

137

138

¸Þ¼-¢¼-zŸÛ-qü

Appendix IV

¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü

27 28

1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 Ç‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-Ç‰àP.ü 14 ¯ï-lÝ¤ü 15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-Ç‰àP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü 20 G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü 21 ¯ï-ZG 22 Ç‰ÛP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿ôkG-¤ü 23 ¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü 25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü