Wisconsin Forest Forever 2013-2014 by Gannett Wisconsin Media

How many trees are in Wisconsin forests? How many trees in Wisconsin forests? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 CCC veterans honored for forestry and state park projects . . . . . . . . . 3 Making “fish sticks” on the Brule River State Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Heating with renewable biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Robert W. Monk Gardens: An urban sanctuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Certification audits set record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 County forests: a model of sustainable forest management . . . . . . . . 8 Support your northwoods wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Own forestland? Oh, deer! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 What’s the trouble with worms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Packers First Downs for Trees progrm enters fourth season . . . . . . . 10 How to create edible school grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Students help communities with forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Paper industry still a state, national leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Casket company establishes tree planting legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Quarantines help slow spread of insect pests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Trees continue to feel the effects of 2012 drought . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Proposed change to firewood regulations in state properties . . . . . 14 More oak wilt found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Wisconsin firewood update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sickly ash trees NOT infested by EAB in 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Limbs and lines don’t mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Tree City USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 New online map shows 1.3 million private acres open to public . . . 18 Rules and requirements of MFL-open and FCL land access . . . . . . . 18 Conservation easements help protect valuable forest land . . . . . . . 18 Timber sales and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Recreation opportunities abound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER is published by the Wausau Daily Herald. Contents of the section are for Wausau Daily Herald. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior consent of Wausau Daily Herald. For information, contact Scott Hehir at 715845-0654 or email SHEHIR@Wausau.Gannett.com.

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By Andy Stoltman, Rural and Urban Forest Inventory Analyst, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry You’re probably aware that 16.7 million acres of forests cover nearly half of Wisconsin’s landscape. But how many trees are there in Wisconsin forests? While this question may seem like a rhetorical one (like how many grains of sand are there on a beach or how many raindrops are there in a thunder storm), this is a very pertinent question to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the USDA Forest Service and the answer helps direct the management of Wisconsin’s forests. In fact, the Forest Service has been conducting inventories (now called Forest Inventory and Analysis, or FIA) to measure our forests nationwide since the 1930s. Each year FIA plots are measured to tally the number, species distribution, size, age, health of trees, as well as other ecological indicators and variables that help us describe the attributes of Wisconsin’s forests. The systematically placed plots are located on federal, state, county and private lands and are re-measured every five years. By re-measuring the same plots, growth rates, mortality and harvest rates can be calculated. Currently, in conjunction with the Forest Service,

The number of trees by forest type group and diameter class in Wisconsin based on 2012 FIA Diameter at breast height (DBH)

Forest type group

1” - 5”

5” - 9”

9” - 15”

> 15”

Total

659,674,609

188,750,847

94,082,189

20,502,487

963,010,132

1,006,841,328

196,470,702

50,734,914

4,406,925

1,258,453,869

Other eastern softwoods

6,366,561

2,215,995

534,933

38,613

9,156,102

Exotic softwoods

7,758,301

2,649,680

1,066,676

238,019

11,712,676

281,405,308

51,124,933

24,505,677

6,998,950

364,034,868

1,692,386,870

319,662,304

192,425,910

60,286,235

2,264,761,319

725,930,747

187,669,489

70,065,086

13,607,727

997,273,049

Maple / beech / birch

1,717,317,842

345,350,170

218,040,566

46,676,385

2,327,384,963

Aspen / birch

2,585,175,511

320,012,502

95,112,688

9,693,345

3,009,994,046

Other hardwoods

23,796,848

1,194,331

569,188

20,253

25,580,620

Exotic hardwoods

867,711

593,299

90,260

36,104

1,587,374

1,847,113

2,721,704

453,958

5,022,775

White / red / jack pine Spruce / fir

Oak / pine Oak / hickory Elm / ash / cottonwood

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Wisconsin’s DNR not only participates in the FIA program measuring the 16.7 million acres of forests in Wisconsin, but has also created the Continuous Forest Inventory (CFI) – a more intense inventory based on FIA protocols but conducted only on Wisconsin’s ten State Forests. This gives a more focused vision of the trends occurring on the more than half million acres in the State Forest program. The information from these inventories can be used to help answer very down-to-earth questions. Recently, with the advent of emerald ash borer in the state, FIA and CFI have been able to help assess the numbers of ash trees in the state, where they occur, and where they are concentrated to help guide the response to this insect pest. FIA and CFI data are also used to help the forestry industry by helping companies strategically focus their activities where the forest resources they are interested in are located. These data sets are also used by researchers in many disciplines to help answer questions about Wisconsin’s forests and forest resources. And the answer to the question is that, as of 2012, there are estimated to be 11,237,971,791 (plus or minus 100,000,000) trees of 1 inch diameter or greater in the forested lands of Wisconsin!

Total

8,709,368,749 1,618,415,956 747,682,045 162,505,043 11,237,971,793 WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

CCC veterans honored for forestry and state park projects By Barbara Janesh, Trees For Tomorrow

sands of young men to work on federal and state projects. Thousands planted trees, reforesting Wisconsin They worked for $30 a month — $25 of which went and other areas of the country. “Those were some of the best years of my life,” said home to support their families. They left their mark on our state parks and national Milton Towle of Mosinee, who served at Camp Alvin in forests — yet, many people today know little about Alvin, Wisconsin, in 1938-39. Towle was one of six CCC veterans — five from their contributions. They are the men of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Wisconsin and one from Springfield, Mo. — who were a Depression-era program that put hundreds of thou- honored in August at Trees For Tomorrow in Eagle River during an observance of the 80th anniversary of the creation of the corps. “The CCCs did so much for our state and this country. It’s important to keep their memory alive,” said Cheryl Todea, interim executive director of Trees For Tomorrow. “The CCCs were active from 1933 to 1942. As they age and members of their generation pass on, fewer and fewer people are aware of their accomplishments.” Trees For Tomorrow is a natural resources specialty school in Eagle River. The 80th anniversary observance took place during Forest Fest, a free, familyoriented celebration that was held in August on the school’s campus. The six former CCCs attended and participated in a tree-planting ceremony in recognition of the 80th anniversary. The men also were the first signers on a bench that will remain on the Trees For Tomorrow campus and serve as a lasting tribute to the CCCs. Mostly, however, the men seemed content to share Above: Two former CCC members enjoy a visit at the August ceremony at stories and memorabilia from their time in the CCCs Trees For Tomorrow for the 80th anniversary of the program. with each other and with others at Forest Fest who Left: A CCC veteran signs a bench that remains on the Trees For Tomorrow stopped to chat and ask questions. campus in Eagle River as a lasting tribute to this Depression-era program.

Making “fish sticks” on the Brule River State Forest Woody habitat increased dramatically at Lake Minnesuing in Douglas County after DNR placed 200 trees along the lake’s shoreline in January 2013, increasing the wood present in the lake by 68 percent. Wood plays many beneficial roles in the littoral zone of lakes. Almost all fish species use woody habitat near the shore at one or more phases of their life cycles. The wood is an important nursery area for juvenile fish. Small aquatic bugs colonize the wood and provide food for fish such as bluegill, crappie, perch and others. These smaller fish attract predator fish that feed on them. Some species such as perch, muskellunge and minnows drape their eggs on the wood or lay their eggs in cavities of the wood. Wildlife also extensively utilize this near shore wood. Turtles use them for basking, kingfishers and blue herons utilize the fish near the wood for feeding and duck broods feed on the aquatic bugs and use the wood for loafing areas as well. Additionally, shorelines that have good abundances of wood gain protection from ice heave and waves generated by wind and motorboats, helping reduce sedimentation from bank erosion. Due to the effect that wood has of reducing wave energy, aquatic plants often grow more readily in these WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

By Scott Toshner, Fisheries Biologist, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry

areas adding to the complexity of the habitat. The 2013 “fish sticks” project involved placing whole trees that were harvested from the Brule River State Forest along the shoreline of Minnesuing Lake. The purpose of the project is to increase the abundance of wood in the littoral area of the lake. The end result looks identical to trees that fell into

DNR placed 200 trees along the shoreline of Lake Minnesuing in Douglas County to improve habitat for a variety of aquatic species.

the water on their own. The project was supported by the Lake Minnesuing Lake Association and has already spawned interest from private riparian landowners on the lake to add woody habitat along their shorelines. Fish stick projects, such as this one, utilize wood from upland areas which is then transported to the lake onto the ice where they are placed by skid loaders equipped with a grapple. The idea is to not “rob from the bank” of trees that would naturally fall in over time, thus preserving future recruitment of wood. Studies have shown that developed lakes in the northern part of the state have anywhere from 8 to 10 times less wood than shorelines that were never developed and left in a natural state. Much of the wood loss occurred during the logging era and then again when cabins where built along the shore and peopled “cleaned up” the shoreline. Several DNR programs worked together on this successful project. Forestry employees were instrumental in master plan amendment and finding the source of trees, water regulation staff assisted with permitting of the project and fisheries provided funding for contracting and on site implementation of the project.

Heating with renewable biomass By Tony “T.J.” Morice, Marth Companies in Marathon, WI Wood. The form of biomass we all relate to. MerriamWebster defines “biomass” as any plant matter or animal waste that is combusted as an energy source. While wood has burned for heat many centuries in its raw form, this renewable, sustainable fuel that is carbon-neutral and is very cost effective has renewed itself in the last 10 years offering many advantages. When compared to certain fossil fuels like LP and fuel oil, it can provide a piece of the solution for some of our national energy challenges, especially in rural areas that are never likely to see natural gas. Wood fuel pellets and wood chips provide a solution that is worth more serious merit than it has been looked at in the past. Most Americans don’t realize that of all of our energy used in our country — it can be summarized simply in three general areas — a third of it approximately is liquid fuels, which would be your petroleum, your diesel, your gasoline and that sort. A third of it is approximately electric generation like we all have with it is thermal which goes to heating space in our resithe ability to flip on a switch at home. Finally a third of dences, commercial buildings and industrial plants. Thermal heat is what I would term as the ‘ugly stepchild’ of the energy world. It’s unfortunately the one that nobody really thinks about and we are spoiled that we always have it but pay little attention to its efficiency and costs. The ones that get all the attention are the liquid fuels and the electric energy, which have a “sexier” appeal to them apparently. However, there is real opportunity for savings and additional stability in supply-chain jobs with biomass in pelletized form and chips. Biomass thermal energy as we call it is very cost-effective, renewable, sustainable heat. There are a variety of ways you can utilize our forest resources for energy, but the best by far is heating as you can see

from the Forest Sustainability chart below that can be found on the BTEC (Biomass Thermal Energy Council) website biomassthermal.org. One of the biggest challenges is that thermal energy is somewhat of a non-highlighted, unknown energy focus areas in our country – we just all assume that it’s there and it’s hard to get people to think about changing as they have in Europe. Part of that reason is that it’s not been assisted or subsidized in any way like wind and solar. It’s very difficult to get people interested in learning about all the options available when the playing field is not level. The real jump start to awareness in the U.S. came with hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. Suddenly there was a new sense of urgency about all sources of energy so that’s really when things began to

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appear more prevalently in media especially on the East Coast because they are primarily on fuel oil for residential heat. Since oil spiked so severely at that time, pellet fuel and chips were an extremely cost-effective option as it continues to be right now for any residence or business off the natural gas grid. The opportunity in the Midwest is hard to believe until you look at the facts. The regional organizational effort that represents the industry called Heating the Midwest ( www.heatingthemidwest.org ) commissioned a study for the our region on what the opportunities realistically are from an economist, which can be found on the website shown. In that study you’ll see what the realistic vision for the Midwest is as well as data on what each state has in customers off the natural gas grid and how that could bolster the region by keeping money and jobs here rather than exporting dollars for LP and oil energies that are currently being imported from outside the region in many cases. The opportunity for this home grown, environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable fuel for those residences, schools, municipalities and businesses off the natural gas grid is quite amazing. I would encourage each person reading this to read a bit more on BTEC’s website and others in the region that have been providing such options for many years.

Number of Homes and Businesses NOT connected to Natural Gas (proportion of total locations NOT connected in parenthesis)

Ohio (33%)

2,969,889

Indiana (35%)

1,722,053

North Dakota (57%)

318,514

South Dakota (52%)

332,618

Total NOT Connected = 12,630,950

Wisconsin (34%)

1,570,416

Minnesota (32%)

1,321,944

Michigan (22%)

1,754,881

Iowa (33%)

776,191

Illinois (20%)

1,864,444

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

Source: US Energy Information Administration, US Census, 2012, analysis by FutureMetrics

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The Robert W. Monk Gardens: An urban sanctuary

By Jim Force, Monk Gardens Walk through the gate and into the Robert W. Monk Gardens at the end of north First Avenue in Wausau and you enter a natural sanctuary in the midst of the Wausau area. It is quiet. Pathways lead to the Pine Woods where a magnificent tree house awaits your climbing. To your right the Memorial Plaza invites you to sit and contemplate the new trees and plantings. Maybe have lunch or read a book. Beyond, another pathway leads to a tranquil pond, the gazebo, and a large open area ideal for weddings and family gatherings. Trees sway in the wind. Sunshine dapples the leaves and grass. Birds swoop. With the help of a Department of Natural Resources Urban Forestry Grant in 2004, the Monk Gardens have been quietly developing into one of our area’s finest places. It’s a serene setting full of flowers, shrubs, plants and trees—21 acres of wooded land donated to the community by the late Robert W. Monk III, local businessman. That 2004 DNR grant was one of several critical donations that helped the Garden’s board of directors hire noted urban garden design firm Marshall, Tyler, and Rausch, LLC, (Pittsburgh, PA) to develop a community inspired master plan for the garden. The DNR grant also helped fund the acquisition of a number a shade trees that now shelter the Memory Garden and Wildflower Woods area. Much has taken place since then, as the Garden’s board of directors, committees, donors and volun-

teers have teamed together to complete early projects and lay the groundwork for the next phases. In addition to the Master Plan, previous projects included erection of a fence around the property to prevent deer from entering and feeding on plantings. Aerators have been placed in the pond to sustain oxygen levels and prevent algae buildup. A storage shed for tools and equipment was erected. Local Eagle Scout candidates contributed projects like the information board and a ramp to make one of the pathways more accessible. In the most recent developments—begun a year ago and completed this summer—the tree house was erected; this gift from Ruth Schuette has become one of Wausau’s most distinctive structures. We successfully drilled a well for water and laid out an in-ground irrigation system. The first sections of the pathway system have been defined and layered with aggregate. The Memory Garden is highlighted with a Memorial Plaza and wind sculpture surrounded by native blue stone boulders. New teak benches, many in memory of loved ones, now ring the perimeter of the Plaza. A variety of trees have also been given as memorials to honor friends and family. A new kiosk frames the entrance to the area. Next to the Plaza, the Wildflower Woods features seasonal flowers that bloom from thaw to frost including bee balm, spiderwort, Solomon’s seal, violets, shooting star, trillium, black eyed Susan, Virginia bluebells and purple coneflower. Most of them are spring bloomers and are expected to appear when the snow melts next year. In the past year Garden volunteers have planted a variety of birch trees, some dogwoods and other shrubs, a pair of swamp white oaks, a number of donated elderberries, the ferns around the plaza, and annual and perennial flowers around some of the memorial benches. The shape of the berm was finalized, and a no-mow grass mix area has been seeded. To thin the canopy for the health of the remaining plants and future diversification of the Meditation Garden canopy, a number of red pines—some storm damaged—have been removed. What lies ahead? “The Gardens are a long-term project,” says Vickie Richmond Hawkins, president of the board of directors. “But as we complete each section, the Garden becomes more and more enjoyable and educational to our community. There’s something new each year.” Next up, the Garden will have connections to the city’s water and sewer services, and a “potager” is planned. That’s a small kitchen and bathroom facility that will be able to host small groups. A fireplace,

oven, and tables and benches will make it a good place for a picnic meal. The Garden’s board of directors hopes to have that building finished by the end of 2014. Complementing the Memory Garden and Wildflower Woods, the Meditation Garden will fill the eastern edge of the property with plantings both exotic and native. An arched bridge will stretch across the north end of the pond and a Tea House will nestle amid the trees. This garden will utilize the pond area as an important element, and the pond, which needs some refurbishing, will be improved and healthier. The improvements will require financial contributions and effort, of course, and the Monk Gardens board and committees continue to solicit funds, donations, and volunteers. One of the potential sources of support is a new application for a Department of Natural Resources grant designed to help with public education and volunteer recruitment, and continued development of the forest tree canopy, including the eradication of invasive species and attention to the emerald ash borer. “The amount of community support for the Gardens has been simply outstanding,” says Richmond Hawkins. “We have hundreds of volunteers. Local foundations and businesses have been extremely generous. And the public simply likes the Gardens. Thousands have visited the grounds, our events have been extremely well attended, and at times there are so many memorial gifts it’s hard to keep track of them.” This is where you come in. Join the many who have contributed or have become members, who have volunteered or participated in employee work days, or who have joined our committees. Best of all, stop in for a visit. Experience the setting, share the vision. The gate is latched, but never locked. Enjoy.

WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Certification audits set record By Mark Heyde, Certification Coordinator, Wisconsin DNR –Division of Forestry On a mid-June afternoon an audit team headed down a grassy trail to view a timber harvest from the previous winter. This team of foresters and other natural resource professionals was auditing the State of Wisconsin’s Managed Forest Law (MFL) certified group of tree farmers. MFL owners are part of the largest family forest group in the world that is certified to international forestry standards as well managed. The MFL certified forest group is audited annually to the American Tree Farm System standards and the Forest Stewardship Council, an international system for sustainable forestry. Certification auditors reviewed evidence for over 200 indicators of conformance standards including: ● Commitment to practicing sustainable forestry ● Forest management planning ● Compliance with laws and regulations ● Reforestation and afforestation ● Protection of air, water, and soil ● Protection of special sites ● Respect for indigenous peoples’ rights ● Fish, wildlife and biodiversity protection ● Using qualified professionals for forest practices ● Community relations and workers’ rights ● Plantation management The 2013 audit found that in the vast majority of cases MFL-certified forest owners’ activities conform to certification standards, but auditors noted that there is always room for improvement. Some of the improvements include foresters’ better documenting decisions to modify best management practices for water quality. Landowners who choose to do their own harvesting or timber stand improvement should do so safely. Cutting trees is dangerous work and landowners need to take training for use of chaps or saw pants, a hard hat and face and eye protection and hand and foot protection as

Wisconsin is known across the United States for its high quality forestry. The auditors were impressed by the array of innovative practices during their 2013 audits. To review the reports from the third-party audits of certified forests in Wisconsin, visit dnr.wi.gov and search keyword “Forest certification.”

well as safe chain sawing techniques to improve safety in the woods. Planting food plots for deer and wildlife is a popular activity. The Forest Stewardship Council has special rules for maintaining native plant diversity and FSC certified forest owners cannot use GMOs. GMOs are genetically modified organisms like Round-up ready corn and soybeans. Other exotic plants must be avoided or their use monitored to assure that exotic plants don’t become invasive. In 2013 the MFL group has grown to almost 37,000 owners of more than 46,000 tree farms with a collective acreage of almost 2.5 million acres. The group is growing at 2-3 percent per year. MFL certified forest owners agree to the highest standards for forest management so that they and their families can enjoy the woods and wildlife today while ensuring that clean water, air, wildlife, recreation, endangered species and many other benefits of the forest continue for the future. Qualified foresters, both private consultants and DNR foresters, assist MFL certified owners to keep their management plans current, to use Best Management Practices for the protection of water resources, to control invasive species, harvest forest products and biomass, and protect high conservation value forests all in a way that provides the benefits that today’s owners seek while providing a full range of benefits for the future. Master loggers and other highly-trained logging professionals assist MFL owners to carefully harvest mature trees to give room for other trees to grow. Wisconsin has more than fifty master loggers, the most of any state in the nation. The Forest Industry Safety Training Alliance (FISTA) also provides critical training for the logging industry through the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, another forest certification system active on public and industry owned forests. MFL certified forest owners also provide a steady supply of wood to Wisconsin’s diverse forest industries. Forest industry output was most recently valued at over

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$18 billion per year and is the second largest manufacturing sector in the state. The NewPage paper mill in Wisconsin Rapids is one of the largest mills in Wisconsin. Almost 100 percent of the annual paper production can be sold to markets that require certified paper. Much of that wood comes from MFL-certified forests. The certified wood “Chain of Custody” begins with exemplary forest practices in the woods and the claim of FSC 100 percent is transferred to the logger, then to the mill and finally to the consumer who can find the forest certification stamp on products. Wisconsin’s public forest lands are also certified to high standards for sustainable forestry under the FSC system and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI). Certified public forests owned by counties as part of the county forest program and most DNR owned and managed forests combine to add almost 4 million additional certified acres to Wisconsin’s certified forest area. More than 45 percent of Wisconsin’s 16 million acres of forest is certified to the American Tree Farm System, the Forest Stewardship Council or the Sustainable Forestry Initiative. These 7 million acres includes private MFL forests, county forests, DNR lands, and industry owned forests. Many forests are dual certified to enable companies to choose under which system to market their products. Auditors note that overall forest management on certified public forests in Wisconsin is exemplary. Exemplary practices include: ● Management efforts towards sustaining forest health ● Minimizing clear-cut size ● Recreation - balancing road use & public access ● Local participation in forest planning ● Working relationships and integration across programs ● Overall BMPs for water quality and their application ● Identification, protection and management of rare, threatened and endangered resources

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CONTACT: James Grezenski Stevens Point 715-344-0878 Forester Scott Wessel 715-572-9180 Forester Floyd Matteson 715-572-9187

3158 County Rd., X North • Stevens Point, WI 54481 715-344-0878 •1-866-344-0878 • Fax:715-344-1470 Email:jmgfp@choiceonemail.com • Web:grezenskiforestproducts.com

County forests: a model of sustainable forest management By Joe Schwantes, County and Public Forest Specialist, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry Wisconsin has a rich heritage of utilizing its natural resources to propel its growth and sustain its citizens. From the earliest days of Wisconsin, as depicted on the state flag, pioneers came to the state to establish farms, mine for lead, and conduct commerce on the waters of Lake Michigan. Another important piece of early Wisconsin history that is not represented on the flag was the state’s enormous timber industry. Much of early Wisconsin was covered in mature pine, oak, maple, hemlock, and beech forests. The harvest of those forests provided valuable winter employment to many early settlers and raw materials that helped build much of the developing Midwest, including the growing cities of Milwaukee and Chicago. In their place, those forests were often replaced by farms as the agricultural expansion moved west and eclipsed Wisconsin. Stumps were removed and slash was burned to prepare vast amounts of land across northern Wisconsin for farming; unfortunately, many of these lands were ill suited for successful farming. With short summers and harsh winters and on soils that were often far too poor or rocky, farming proved to be a futile endeavor. After most of the valuable timber had been cut off the land and agriculture failed to take root in the area, many lands fell into tax delinquency. By Wisconsin law, such lands were forfeited to the county. The loss of tax revenue challenged local governments and shifted the burden to the remaining taxable lands. Further compounding the problem was the fact that for the same reasons the lands had become tax delinquent, no one was interested in purchasing them and returning them to the tax rolls. The problem was clear and growing; what was needed was a means to return these lands to productivity so that they could again produce a reasonable and regular income. The solution was to return these lands to what they were best suited for – growing timber. In 1927 a forward looking state legislature enacted the Wisconsin Forest Crop Law, which created a new tax structure available for forest lands. Shortly thereafter, the attorney general ruled that counties may have their tax-deeded lands classified as forest crop lands. This new law obligated the state to make small payments to local governments, offsetting some of the lost tax revenue. Further, aid payments were made to counties to help fund management on those lands, with a percentage of timber sale revenues being paid in return to the state as harvests were completed. Under the law, lands had to have a growing forest crop of reasonable prospective value; as such, the lands were nurtured back to health by allowing forests to naturally reestablish themselves

or by planting and other improvement practices. The purpose of County Forest Law, as currently described in state statute is to: provide the basis for a permanent program of county forests and to enable and encourage the planned development and management of the county forests for optimum production of forest products together with recreational opportunities, wildlife, watershed protection and stabilization of stream flow, giving full recognition to the concept of multiple-use to assure maximum public benefits; to protect the public rights, interests and investments in such lands; and to compensate the counties for the public uses, benefits and privileges these lands provide; all in a manner which will provide a reasonable revenue to the towns in which such lands lie. Langlade County, in November of 1928, established the first county forest in Wisconsin. Only ten years later in 1938, 25 counties had enrolled lands covering some 1.7 million acres of forest land across northern and central Wisconsin. Marathon County hired a forest ranger in 1946 to begin forest management of forested county lands and thousands of acres of tax delinquent lands. In 1967, the Marathon County Board approved entry of over 21,000 acres as County Forest Lands as the twenty-eighth county forest in Wisconsin. Today, the Marathon County Forest covers nearly 30,000 acres, which is managed on a sustainable basis for ecological, economic, educational, recreational, and research needs of present and future generations. The Wisconsin county forest program has grown and prospered over the past 85 years and now consists of 29 county forests representing close to 2.4 million acres of sustainably managed land. Each of these county forests is managed by staffs of professional foresters, with management that is based on comprehensive forest land use plans that have been developed with public input and been approved by their respective county boards. Planning of forest management is done at the local level by county forest administrators and their staffs at the direction of county forestry committees, which are subcommittees of the County Board. Ultimately, the county board and the Department of Natural Resources approve theses plans prior to implementation. Implementation of forest management practices is carried out by county staff, with technical and financial assistance provided by the Department of Natural Resources. Wisconsin’s county forest lands provide a steady and predictable flow of timber to local markets for logs, pulp, veneer, biofuel, and other forest products. Over the past 5 years, the county forests have on average completed over 51,000 acres of timber sales annually and have received over $31.5 million in timber sale revenue annually. The revenue from these timber sales

helps reduce the county tax levy and more importantly fuels local economies, which were often developed around and in some cases dependent on the wood products industry and other supporting industries. In addition to the direct financial impact of timber harvests, the economic benefits associated with forest based recreation contribute greatly to the communities located in and around county forest lands. The Wisconsin county forests collectively represent the largest ownership of public lands in the state and as a result of the sheer size and their unique characteristics, represent an immense opportunity for public outdoor recreation. There are opportunities for various user groups; such as, hunting, fishing, trapping, hiking, cross-country and down-hill skiing, boating, cycling, horseback riding, snowmobiling, ATV and UTV riding, canoeing and kayaking, camping, swimming, sightseeing, bird-watching, berry picking, and much more. There are thousands of miles of roads and trails that provide access to plentiful recreational activities. Recreation and active forest management occur side by side on the county forests. The roads, trails, and parking areas enjoyed by recreational users were often built and maintained primarily for access to harvest timber and now serve multiple purposes. The Marathon County Forest has completed timber harvests on approximately 625 acres of forest annually over the past five years, with roughly $410,000 in annual timber sale revenue. Marathon county residents and visitors also have access to 30,000 acres for a wide array of recreational opportunities. If the counties neighboring Marathon are considered, there are over 450,000 acres of county forest lands in or adjacent to Marathon County that provide recreational opportunities, while continually providing a flow of sustainably managed forest products to Wisconsin’s wood products industry. The sustainable management of the county forests is based on principles of sound natural resource management for multiple uses. As a testament to the quality of that management, Marathon County and 26 other county forests have become “certified” forests. Annually, third-party forest certification auditors visit the county forests and verify that the forest management being implemented meets international standards of quality and sustainability. One of the auditors who has conducted the Wisconsin County Forest program audits, who has experience auditing both around the country and the world, has repeatedly stated the Wisconsin County Forest program is the best model of public forest management that he has had the opportunity to observe. The Marathon County Forest and the 28 other county forests encourage you to come see for yourself. Plan on spending some time when you get there, as you are sure to like what you find. WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Support your northwoods wildlife

By Brad Hutnik, Forest Ecologist, Wis. DNR-Division of Forestry

By Drew Feldkirchner, Wisconsin DNR, Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation Wisconsin’s “Northwoods” are well-known for having charismatic wildlife. Even infrequent visitors have opportunities to see white-tailed deer, bald eagles, and ospreys with ease. Many of us remember the thrill of seeing our first black bear during a slow drive down a forest road or experiencing the unexpected smack of a beaver’s tail or the “snort” of a wary otter during a quiet evening in a canoe or boat. Many Wisconsin residents have come to anticipate the songs of our earliest-singing frogs in the spring such as the harmonious melodies of spring peepers. These tiny frogs are often accompanied by chorus frogs whose sound is aptly compared to a fingernail being dragged across the teeth of a comb. Wood frogs may join in with a subtle quacking call that is only heard for a matter of days each year when they travel to their breeding ponds. If you are lucky and time your visit just right (think first big rains of early spring), you might also see salamanders venturing out toward these ponds. Numerous bird species are known from the Northwoods, and northern Wisconsin is part of a region with the highest number of breeding bird species of any such area north of Mexico. Some of these birds stay year-round including the large and distinctive pileated woodpecker and the bold and intelligent common raven (the author’s favorite) with its unmistakable and resonant croaking calls. Other species are with us a few short months – long enough to raise young before travelling to their wintering grounds, sometimes as far away as Central or South America. A perfect example might be the black-throated green warbler, a real symbol of the Northwoods; learn its incessant yet endearing zee-zee-zee-zoo-zee song, and it will become like an old friend each summer. All of our animals require certain habitats to survive and reproduce. Clean water, of course, is important, and animals such as common loons need lakes with good water quality and adequate nesting sites. Woodland ponds (sometimes called ephemeral ponds) often hold water for only a few months but are critical breeding sites for many amphibians and unusual invertebrates like fairy shrimp, a freshwater relative of the “sea monkeys” you might remember seeing advertised as a child. Wood

turtle, a threatened species in Wisconsin, needs clear streams with adequate nesting sites. Numerous plants and animals rely on our abundant, high-quality wetlands. No two areas of forest are exactly alike, and animals look for certain features. Many species use cavities in trees for nesting. Some of these, like the northern flying squirrel, certain bats, and several bird species, even have to rely on other animals to create cavities for them unless they find one occurring naturally. As a result, retaining cavity trees in forests, especially large ones, can benefit a number of species. Some animals prefer certain tree species for food or shelter and may prefer them in certain sizes – sometimes even a combination of different sizes. Oaks are well-known for their importance to wildlife, and maintaining conifer species can be very important for some animals, especially since they no longer occur in many hardwood-dominated forests. Hemlock and yellow birch occupy only a small fraction of the area they once did in Wisconsin, but their presence is still very important for some wildlife. Certain habitats are quite common while others are much harder to come by. Often the habitats that are in short supply are associated with some of our rarest species. For example, some forest species like the northern goshawk, a remarkably agile flyer despite its large size, are associated with large-diameter trees in more extensive forested areas. It may be surprising to learn that certain sandy “barren” areas, including some that are nearly too dry and infertile for reliably growing trees, can support some of our rarest plants and animals. Young forests have received a lot of attention in recent years for their important roles in supporting certain birds, but old forests are used by a variety of species, and they, too, play important ecological roles. Some animals benefit from more intensive forest management while others benefit from lighter or alternative approaches. Through careful and well-informed forest management, we can continue to support all of our native wildlife species for future generations while maintaining a strong forest industry. Enjoy your Northwoods wildlife!

What’s the trouble with worms?

Depending on soil quality, there can be anywhere from 250,000 to 1.75 million earthworms per acre of land, according to research. Acres with poor quality soil will have closer to the 250,000 range; while acres, like farm land and our forests will have closer to 1.75 million earthworms. And earthworms have voracious appetites. A typical earthworm can process about 10 pounds of organic material per year! While earthworms create healthy conditions for farms and gardens, the opposite is true for forests. On one acre of land, earthworms can turn over five WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Own forestland? Oh, deer! Deer are an important part of the land and are a valued natural resource, providing both recreational, social, and economic benefits to many people. In addition, deer are a keystone species, meaning that they use and shape our forests and can have widespread impacts on forest vegetation and other wildlife. However, like many other situations in life, too much of a good thing can be a bad thing. Overbrowsing by deer is not a problem everywhere, but it is a concern that many landowners can’t ignore. Sustained high deer populations (overabundance) can cause widespread damage to vegetation, alteration of habitat for other wildlife species, and reduced ecological diversity. Regeneration of desired tree species can also become unfeasible without the implementation of costly protection measures. Across the state, the severity of impacts is variable, depending on geography, land use and management, and types of vegetation. In the fragmented farm-forest landscape characteristic of most of Wisconsin, deer populations are often high and forest impacts can be severe. As a forest landowner, there are several things you can do to help avoid some of these pitfalls: ● Don’t assume you don’t have a deer problem and vice versa don’t assume you have a deer problem. Impacts of deer can vary from property to property. One way to judge deer impacts is to visit properties other than your own. Gauging your hunting area requires that you have something to compare it to. If the property you hunt is park-like or has a poorly developed understory you might reasonably suspect that you have a deer problem. Likewise, if you cannot see far in your woods, deer damage may be the culprit. ● Talk with a local forester or wildlife biologist. While you may or may not have a deer problem, a forester or wildlife biologist can give you a straight assessment. A professional forester or biologist can explain how your forest works and how it can be sustained to provide many benefits. Either way, they can help you identify your land management goals and objectives for future management. In A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold said, “An ecologist must either harden his shell and make believe that the consequences of science are none of his business, or he must be the doctor who sees the marks of death in a community that believes itself well and does not want to be told otherwise.” ● Make a plan: Stewardship plans show you how to convert your goals and objectives into reality. Every part of a forest stewardship plan relates to your objectives for owning the land. Think about all your reasons for managing land. Do you want to get firewood, hunting opportunities, a place to recreate or just the satisfaction that you are contributing to conservation? Your plan includes a schedule of management activities. This schedule summarizes recommended management activities and their priority. Such an outline of events will help keep you on task in meeting your objectives. A work schedule helps you to plan activities for optimum efficiency and in the best sequence to help you accomplish your objectives.

By Bernie Williams, Invasive Species Specialist, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry

tons of organic matter a year, so imagine what they can do in a forest! Once a forest becomes heavily infested with earthworms they consume most of the leaf litter in one season so that by summer’s end the forest floor is depleted and the soil is exposed to weathering, compaction, and erosion. Wisconsin’s native earthworms were destroyed during our last ice age, and the forests of Wisconsin as we know them evolved without earthworms. The glacier scoured the land down to bedrock, forcing all life forms to move south and earthworms did not repopulate once removed.

A forest floor in late fall is covered in fallen leaves (the duff layer). Earthworms consume these leaves, which are essential in protecting the soil and providing the proper environment for tree seedlings and native plants to germinate and grow. Often, invasive plants take the place of native plant species. A few ways to help slow the spread of earthwooms to the forests: ● Don’t release live bait on land or in the water. ● Keep your compost contained near native landscapes.

● Wash your shoes and tire treads, don’t spread worm eggs. ● Spread the word: CONTAIN YOUR CRAWLERS! Keep worms out of Wisconsin’s woods! ● Get involved in our citizen-based monitoring — become a worm warrior and help us document the spread and abundance of earthworms on our forested lands and preserve our natural areas. Contact Bernie Williams at 608-266-0624 or bernadette.williams@wisconsin.gov or visit dnr. wi.gov (keyword ”invasives”).

Packers First Downs for Trees program enters fourth season By Jessica Bedore, Green Bay Packers The Green Bay Packers First Downs for Trees (FDFT) program entered its fourth season this year and is now presented in partnership with two companies, SCA and Green Bay Packaging Inc. First Downs for Trees is a cooperative effort with the Packers, the U.S. Forest Service, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Wisconsin Public Service. One of the Packers’ Green Team initiatives, the program donates trees to participating Brown County communities based on the number of first downs achieved by the Packers in the previous season. First Downs for Trees complements the team’s recycling and landfill diversion programs at Lambeau Field through carbon sequestration. Last year, the program received a $48,000, two-year grant from the U.S. Forest Service as a part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. It’s the second grant the program has received from the U.S. Forest Service. With the additional grant money, the program is able to plant more trees for each first down earned during the regular season. This will be the third year that the U.S. Forest Service has been involved with the program. The program’s two new corporate sponsors have sustainable efforts of their own, and will work with the Packers to further the First Downs for Trees program in addition to their own efforts. For more information on SCA’s efforts, visit sca.com/en/us/Sustainability1/. For more information on the efforts that Green Bay Packaging is making, visit gbp.com/corporate/environmentsustainability. With the new partnerships, the Packers are able to increase the number of trees planted in the community. Since the 2010 season, the program has received more than $100,000 in support which has resulted in the planting of more than 2,000 trees, providing total

lifetime benefits in excess of $9 million through stormwater runoff reduction, CO2 reduction, energy savings, air quality improvement and property value increase.

First Downs for Trees (2012 planting) Tre e B e n e f i t s FDFT trees provide millions of dollars of environmental, economic and aesthetic benefits to the community. Over their lifetime, the tree benefits exceed the costs of planting and care, representing a 300 percent return on investment. Tree benefits increase over time highlighting the importance of not only planting trees, but of providing ongoing maintenance and protection. These benefits are a reminder of the worthwhile investment in our community forestry program.

• • • • • • • • • •

Reduce stormwater runoff Lower summer air temperatures Reduce air pollution Reduce heating and cooling costs Reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) Enhance property values Provide wildlife habitat Improve health and wellbeing Improve learning and concentration Provide aesthetic benefits

PROPERTY VALUE INCREASE

STORMWATER RUNOFF REDUCTION

$1,332,145

$1,220,293

$4,135,718 TOTAL LIFETIME BENEFITS

AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

$153,546

$206,225 ENERGY SAVINGS

Trees:

Over their lifetime FDFT 2012 trees will provide1…

CO2 REDUCTION

Mark Murphy (Packers President & CEO), Chuck Cloninger (Wisconsin Public Service President), Cathy Stepp (DNR Secretary), Cam Davis (Senior Advisor to the Administrator of EPA) and Tony Ferguson (Director of the Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry with the U.S. Forest Service) celebrate the First Downs for Trees program.

To learn more about First Downs for Trees, visit dnr. wi.gov, search keyword “Urban Forest.”

$1,223,509

1 Analysis was conducted using iTree Streets. iTree Streets is a street tree management and analysis tool for urban forest managers that uses tree inventory data to quantify the dollar value of annual environmental and aesthetic benefits. The iTree Suite is a free state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed software suite from the USDA Forest Service. www.itreetool.org.

WISCONSIN FORESTS FOREVER | 2013-2014

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How to create edible school grounds By Sarah Gilbert, LEAF Program, Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education at UW-Stevens Point Trees provide countless benefits. They provide building materials, clean air, wildlife habitat, shade, and beauty. Let’s not forget, trees also provide us with food. As our awareness of the importance of healthy food sources increases, many schools are taking advantage of their schoolyards as growing spaces. While fruit trees have long been cultivated in orchards and backyards, the edible forest has more recently found its way onto our school grounds. Some schools are using edible fruit and nut trees as a teaching tool, others as a memorial, and some to supplement their school lunch programs. getTING started Does this sound like something you’d like to see at your neighborhood school? There are many people who could put a school orchard on track for success. It could be a school administrator, teacher, parent, or a community member. No matter who you are, you’ll need support from others and you’ll need to follow the lines of communication. Key team members to bring into planning should include: school administration, teachers, school facility/custodial staff, students, and community members. USAGE Aside from getting permission from the right people to proceed, you’ll need to ask some questions of the people you hope will use your edible forest. Find out who will use the site and what they will use it for. Will the site be used for teaching? There are some obvious curriculum connections that can be made in horticulture, biology, and food science. You should also think about the other subjects that could make use of a school orchard. Plant a Wolf River heirloom apple and learn a bit about Wisconsin history. Work on sampling, estimating, and ratios with blossoms and fruit. Put problem solving skills to use trying to figure out how to crack a hickory nut using simple machines. Practice reading skills by using publications about growing fruit trees to research what should grow on the site. Get the kids involved in planning and planting. Learning can occur during the project and draw students into interaction with their community. If your school has the space, encourage each classroom to plant a tree where they can be seen. Students will be able to study the changes that occur over time, how fast plants grow, and students can feel ownership of the trees. Open to the public Your site will benefit by being valuable to the community beyond students and teachers at the school. Interested neighbors, parents, civic

groups, and government leaders can be wonderful resources for expertise, financial support, and workers. One way to connect the community to your site is by making your edible forest a memorial to a community member. This can enhance the sense of place students have about their community and make community members a part of the school. As you dream about the food you are growing, don’t forget that your edible forest will be attractive too. You will be amazed at how quickly a tree full of spring blossoms will draw people to your site. Add a few benches, arbors, and some student artwork and you have a beautiful community gathering area. the fun part: what TO plant On crisp fall days the first thing that comes to mind is an apple tree. Don’t limit yourself! Remember that Wisconsin is home to a number of trees and shrubs that produce tasty food. You’ll have to find out about your soil and temperature conditions to know for certain what will grow, but here is your list to start dreaming from: ● Trees - apple, pear, plum, hickory, peach, cherry, black walnut, butternut ● Shrubs - hazelnut, elderberry, blueberry, juneberry (serviceberry) ● Vines/Canes - grape, raspberry, blackberry The resources and contacts you need for your project will likely be different in every community. There are a few, however, that will be available and useful to everyone. The LEAF Program website www.leafprogram.org offers information about getting started on planning a school site. Their School Site Handbook provides a step-by-step outline of how to get started and who to include in your project. The UW-Cooperative Extension programs and website is probably the single best place to start for information about plant selection and growing. Their publications provide information for commercial growers and homeowners that can easily be interpreted for a school site. The Master Gardner Program is also part of Cooperative Extension and people who are certified as Master Gardeners are likely to have experience that could be useful and are willing volunteers. To learn more visit their website at uwex.edu/ces/ Remember local plant nurseries also know your area and can offer you advice on plants they know will grow. They could also be a great addition to your planning team. There may be snags in the process, but taking time to create the right atmosphere of teamwork and doing your research will help you grow the best edible forest in town.

Students help communities with forests By Don Kissinger, Urban and Community Forestry Coordinator, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry I was pondering how to connect with smaller communities to initiate and sustain forestry programs. Then, while driving south on I-39 past Stevens Point, it hit me. Have UW students help communities and get practical experience at the same time. I approached Professor Rich Hauer at the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point (UWSP). He was eager to accept a project like this for his Spring 2012, Forestry 333 class to complete inventories and produce management plans for communities of between 500 – 1,500 residents. Through my past 20+ years working with communities in North Central Wisconsin I’ve identified that communities of less than 500 are less apt to implement urban forestry programs unless they had that special motivator or group of movers and shakers. Communities of 1,500 residents have worked well with private urban forestry consultants on projects that have moved forward to begin community forestry programs, thus we directed our efforts to these communities in the middle that were a short drive from Stevens Point, would have the desire to use the information produced and would have a commitment to attempt performing a project to kick-start a community forestry program. Professor Hauer and I met with leaders of the Villages of Biron, Plainfield and Rosholt as well as the City of Pittsville to explain the process and gain their commitment. Next, student groups spent an evening at the respective park board or village council meeting to ask questions (understand tree concerns or projects they would like to implement) and get a feel for being a consultant or village forester and speaking in front of elected representatives. In the weeks after the meeting, each student group (two per community) collected tree data (tree location, size, species, ownership, condition and available open planting spaces) and background regarding the communities’ past forestry efforts. The students used the data, along with concerns addressed at the community meetings, to develop a plan of action for several years into the future. They also determined tree dollar and environmental values of the population and costs to implement the operations. Each student group developed a presentation and presented

their findings and recommendations to the assembled community representatives as well as classmates during one of their lab classes. This was good practice as in most village/city council meetings there are typically many agenda items with only limited amount of time to present topics and sway opinions. Upon completion of the oral presentations, Professor Hauer reviewed and edited the plans before providing them to the communities for implementation. I reviewed the edited plans as well providing feedback to Professor Hauer from a DNR Urban Forestry Coordinator perspective. UWSP has allowed this project to be used as a Capstone event required of students to graduate from the university and was used in the College of Natural Resources Forestry Program review package in its successful bid to remain a Society of American Foresters accredited forestry program. From these initial four projects, three communities applied for and received Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Urban Forestry Grants in 2013, which turned into $14,000 worth of Green Industry work (annually $2.7 billion is contributed to Wisconsin’s economy from the Green Industry). Another of these communities regained Tree City USA status after a seven year hiatus and students gained an appreciation of the effort needed to complete a project of this magnitude and the impacts they had on a communities formative stages of a forestry program. In 2013 we repeated this effort with the Villages of Auburndale and Edgar, making changes regarding data collection so all groups share the same information as well as the students going beyond the tree resources to understand more about the communities’ staff arboricultural knowledge and equipment to move forward with the work in-house if they choose. Each group also created a brochure for the communities to publicize the results and efforts to their residents, with the hopes that more knowledge will create increased backing for a pro-active forestry program. I know that in the 30 years since I took the same course that the students performing the lab project now are better prepared than I was, due to working with real situations and many smaller communities are being positively impacted. WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Paper industry still a state, national leader By Jeff Landin, President, Wisconsin Paper Council The Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation recently released a study that looks at the drivers of the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy. The pulp and paper industry is shown to still be a major driver of our economy and a closer look at the study shows it is poised to be an economic leader for years to come. Exports by manufacturers is discussed at length by the author. In Chapter 6 it states that in the paper manufacturing subsector, the U.S. has increased exports to the world by 24.3 percent from 20092011. Wisconsin accounts for 3.7 percent of U.S. total exports in this subsector and experienced the fastest growth rate, 43.7 percent since 2009 among our eight competitor states. Many Wisconsin paper manufacturers have been expanding their markets to include exports opportunities, including selling our products in China. Another finding in the study shows that pulp and paper along with the converting industry have seen substantial output growth from 2008-2011. Output from converting manufacturing has increased 24.3 percent; pulp, paper, and paperboard mill have grown by 17.86 percent. Both numbers indicated that these sectors are able to compete in the global marketplace. For more than 50 years Wisconsin has been the number-1 paper producing state in the United States and that distinction will not be threatened anytime soon. With a combined economic output of $5.2 billion, the pulp and paper plus converting industries clearly are a powerful engine in our economy. Over 30,000 people are employed in the paper industry and earn on average $56,000 plus benefits. Add in the suppliers that support the paper industry directly and the countless restaurants, grocery stores, and other service industries that operate due to the mill being present and you have an industry that anchors communities across our state. Yes, the paper industry is a mature industry dating back to 1848. Just because it has been here for 165 years doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mean it is going to disappear

from our economy. In fact, you can make a strong case that it is positioned very well to be an economic driver in Wisconsin in the future. It is true there have been challenges for the paper industry in the past decade. Demand for printing and writing paper has ebbed. Coated paper which is used in magazines and advertising circulars have also seen their markets contract. But these grades of paper make up a small segment of our paper production. Indeed, over 83 percent of the paper made in Wisconsin is for tissue, packaging, and specialty grades. All of these segments are growing and not declining. A recent sign of this was the announcement that Thilmany and the remaining Wausau Paper mills were combining to create a new Wisconsin based company, Expera, which will be the largest specialty paper producer in North America. To that end we must acknowledge what the statistics and findings from the study show; the paper industry isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t destined for the history book. Policy makers in Madison and Washington must recognize the paper industry can continue to be an economic driver in Wisconsin for centuries to come. This means not piling on environmental regulations that have significant cost but no benefit, encouraging workforce development initiatives that recognize and promote manufacturing, and aggressively working with paper companies to capture capital investment that is being made in paper machines and mills around the world. Everyone needs to recognize that the paper industry isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t simply 8Â˝â&#x20AC;? x 11â&#x20AC;? copy paper. Think medical supplies. Microwave popcorn bags. Food packaging. Receipts at gas pumps and restaurants. Lottery tickets. Beer and wine labels. Toilet tissue, paper towels, and napkins. Cardboard boxes. Gift wrapping paper. These are some of the paper products of Wisconsin. No computer, iPad, tablet, smart phone or other technology can take their place. And rest assured that the paper industry in Wisconsin will be here to make them.

NTING

WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Northwoods Casket Company was founded in 2006 by Jonas Zahn and builds wooden caskets with Wisconsin-grown lumber. Their hand-crafted caskets are distributed to funeral homes, funeral supply companies and casket distributors nationwide. According to Zahn, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our company mission is to provide funeral homes and families with a simple, affordable, wooden casket purposefully designed for quality and low environmental impact.â&#x20AC;? To learn more about Northwoods Casket Company and their tree planting legacy visit www. NorthwoodsCasket.com. Northwoods Casket Company and owner Jonas Zahn were recognized this past spring as recipient of the Innovations in Urban Forestry Award presented by the Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council. The Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s annual award program recognizes individuals, municipalities, organizations and/or businesses which support community tree planting and care. The Council is pleased to recognize the Northwoods Casket Company for their creative tree planting and reforestation program initiated and supported by a Wisconsin-based business which utilizes wood. If you know of a project which supports community trees, express your appreciation with a nomination for a Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council Award. Visit dnr.wi.gov (keyword: Urban Forestry Council) for information on how to submit a nomination.

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Northwoods Casket Company has initiated a statewide tree planting legacy with their commitment to plant 100 trees for every casket it builds. Launched in 2012 and working in partnership with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and local funeral homes, the Beaver Dam-based company supported Arbor Day tree plantings in Beaver Dam, Sheboygan, and Wonewoc by providing each community with $1000 for tree planting. During the programâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inaugural year, funds were also provided to support a reforestation project within the Kettle Moraine State Forest Northern Unit in Sheboygan County. Approximately 10,000 seedlings or about 10 acres were planted as part of a larger reforestation project scheduled for the state forest. In 2013 tree planting support was targeted to the communities of Beaver Dam, Jefferson, Minocqua and Wonewoc. Beaver Dam sponsored an Arbor Day tree planting involving elementary students where six trees were planted along with 12 trees on Center Street. Funds were also provided to replenish trees in the city nursery for future planting. Projects in Jefferson, Minocqua and Wonewoc were postponed due to weather and are rescheduled for 2014. Plans are already underway to target four communities and another State forest project in 2014. Tree planting projects in Watertown and Beaver Dam have been identified along with several others still to be determined.

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â&#x20AC;˘ food plots â&#x20AC;˘ habitat management â&#x20AC;˘ trail & road systems â&#x20AC;˘ gate installation â&#x20AC;˘ scouting & mapping â&#x20AC;˘ gardening & light landscaping 715-292-2250 mike@betterhuntinghabitat.com www.betterhuntinghabitat.com

By Laura Wyatt, Urban Forestry Council Liaison, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry

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Quarantines help slow spread of insect pests By Donna Gilson, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection You’ve seen the headlines: “County quarantined for gypsy moth” or “Emerald ash borer discovery leads to quarantine.” Here in central Wisconsin, where logging trucks are a common sight, you may have wondered what those quarantines really mean. “We get calls at least once a month from people who want to know why they can’t take firewood to their cabins, but they see trucks hauling logs out of quarantined counties,” says Brian Kuhn, director of the Bureau of Plant Industry in the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP). “But the companies shipping those logs are operating under compliance agreements that let them take measures to continue their business without the risk of carrying pests along with the logs.” Quarantines are intended to help prevent the spread of insects and other plant pests. DATCP quarantines counties where it finds pests that pose the risk of great environmental or economic damage. Quarantines generally work by stopping or regulating the movement of items that could carry the pest from places already infested to new, previously uninfested areas. The state agriculture department works with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on plant pest quarantines. The state department has authority over movement within Wisconsin, and the federal

department oversees movement across state lines. All of the counties in central Wisconsin except Taylor are quarantined for gypsy moth. In fact, 48 of the state’s 72 counties are under gypsy moth quarantines. So far, we have not detected emerald ash borers in this part of the state, but 20 counties in southeastern, western, and northwestern Wisconsin are under quarantine for EAB. Gypsy moths attack trees in forests, parks and backyards. They favor oak, but will feed on hundreds of species of trees and shrubs. Because they can hitchhike on wood to infest new locations, the quarantine applies to wood and wood products, nursery stock and Christmas trees. “For most people in central Wisconsin, the gypsy moth quarantine means they cannot move firewood to nonquarantined counties. For example, suppose you live in Marathon County and have a cabin in Sawyer County, which is not under quarantine. You cannot take wood from your backyard woodpile in Marathon County to your cabin, because it could carry gypsy moth eggs. Quarantines have a greater impact on businesses. “We recognize that quarantines can place a burden on businesses and woodland owners,” Kuhn says. “That’s why we work individually with every single affected business to help it align its operations with the requirements of the quarantine. Our goal is to create the least amount of change in day-to-day operations while still reducing the risk of carrying pests to new areas. Unfortunately, on

Trees continue to feel the effects of 2012 drought By Mike Hillstrom and Todd Lanigan, Forest Health Specialists, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry Trees across the state continue to suffer the consequences of the severe 2012 drought. The wet spring of 2013 helped replenish moisture in the soil but also allowed fungal diseases to stress some trees further. Many of the insects that attack trees stressed by drought also showed up in large numbers in 2013. The combination of drought, disease and attack by insects is what has ultimately led to the abundance of dead trees. Here we describe some of the most common issues affecting trees in 2013.

trees) into fall will help them survive the winter and start 2014 off right. Even some severely affected trees may come back, so do not be in a big hurry to cut any of the trees down, unless they pose a hazard to a structure or vehicle. Pines are not the only species being impacted. Tamaracks are also being affected by drought. Eastern larch beetle along with the drop in the water table is the major cause of tamarack mortality. Some stands of cedar and many city cedars were also killed in 2013 as a result of the 2012 drought.

Conifers Needle color may help determine what is affecting a pine tree. Pines killed by drought have orange needles. Young trees are much more susceptible to dying from drought than older trees. Pines with red needles were likely attacked and killed by one or a combination of insects and diseases such as pine bark beetles and diplodia or armillaria fungi. Pine and spruce trees with red crowns away from roads were typically attacked and killed by pine bark beetles but other insects and diseases are commonly found in these trees as well. Other pines have needles with green bases and red tips. This damage is most common along roads and is the result of road salt, winter drying or both. When a pine tree’s needles are completely red or orange, the tree is dead. Trees with more than 50 percent of the foliage red or orange will likely die within a year. Trees need water until the leaves fall off so maintaining tree health (especially stressed yard

Deciduous A variety of issues affected deciduous trees in 2013. Trees weakened by drought in 2012 were attacked and killed by insects and fungi primarily on poor quality soils. Many trees were further stressed in 2013 by fungal diseases that took advantage of the wet weather. Anthracnose and a variety of other leaf diseases were extremely common on ash, oak and maple trees. Plants bugs and aphids were common on these species adding further stress. Although anthracnose and sucking insects like aphids are typically not a major concern, trees recovering from drought are more susceptible to these additional stressors. Many deciduous trees produced large quantities of seeds, and reduced numbers of leaves as a result of being stressed. Maintaining tree health is the easiest way to help trees survive stressful times. Proper planting, watering and mulching of yard trees will keep them healthy. Forest trees need regular care as well.

For more information about quarantines, or to contact a local inspector, call 608-224-4500 or email christopher.deegan@wi.gov.

rare occasions, there may be no way a business can move a shipment without risk. In those cases, we work with the owner or manager to try to find alternative uses for the product within the quarantine area and to find a solution for future shipments.” Inspectors from DATCP meet individually with business owners or managers ‚Äì whether they are logging companies, firewood distributors, pulp processors, or any other business that uses wood. Sometimes it may be enough to simply limit movement to times when the larvae are inactive and process the wood before they hatch. Removing bark, heat treatment, separating susceptible species from those unlikely to carry the pest ‚Äì all are ways that businesses might meet quarantine requirements. Again, the means will vary depending on the pest’s life cycle and habits. After meeting with a business, the inspector drafts a compliance agreement that allows the business to continue commerce within and outside the quarantine area. Periodic inspections assure the business is following the terms of the agreement. Quarantines protect our woodlands and other natural resources from invasive species,” Kuhn says. “They’re a tool that we can use to work with private citizens and businesses to try to prevent spreading pests within our own borders, and to avoid carrying them to neighboring states or even to other nations, in the case of businesses that export internationally.”

Proposed change to firewood regulations in state properties By Andrea Diss-Torrance, Forest Health Specialist, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry Since 2006, as the risk from invasive forest pests and diseases moving in firewood has increased, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources has acted to help prevent spread into state lands by regulating firewood that may enter state campgrounds and other properties. Initially, only out of state wood was prohibited. In 2007, wood that was cut from 50 miles from the destination state campground or property was added to this exclusion. In 2010, the allowable distance was again reduced to 25 miles in response to an improved risk model and increased threat from several wood infesting invasive pests and disease. Currently, campers may only bring in firewood that is either certified by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection or that is cut from within 25 miles of the destination state property and from within the state. In response to the establishment of emerald ash borer in more locations in Wisconsin and the threat of other invasive species that can be transported in firewood, DNR is proposing to decrease that allowable distance that non-DATCP certified firewood can be transported to within 10 miles of the destination state property. Also proposed is dropping the prohibition on wood from neighboring states as it would not provide significant additional protection if the 10 mile limit is adopted. If you wish to comment on this proposed change, please send written comments by Nov. 4, 2013 to Andrea Diss-Torrance at Andrea. DissTorrance@wisconsin.gov or to P.O. Box 7921, Madison WI 53707. WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

More oak wilt found By Kyoko Scanlon and Brian Schwingle, Forest Health Specialists, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources-Division of Forestry Oak wilt is a deadly fungal disease of oaks. It kills red oaks in about two months. The disease is common in the southern two-thirds of Wisconsin, and it has been detected in isolated spots in the following northern counties since 2010: Lincoln, Oneida, Rusk, Sawyer, and Vilas. Just north of Tomahawk along the Tomahawk River and around Lake Nokomis, the recent discovery of many oak wilt pockets is concerning given the local landscape is favorable for disease spread. Oak wilt has not yet been confirmed in Wausau, but it is common around Mosinee, and Wausau and Marathon County Parks, Recreation and Forestry Department has been successfully controlling the disease on the Nine Mile County Forest for over a decade. Oak wilt has been confirmed in all Wisconsin counties except Ashland, Bayfield, Calumet, Door, Douglas, Forest, Iron, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Price, Sheboygan, Taylor, and Washburn. Don’t move firewood! Since 2010, the first detection of oak wilt in every northern Wisconsin county has been on vacation or water-front property, plus the disease has yet to be discovered in interior forests in Lincoln, Oneida, Sawyer, and Vilas Counties. This strongly indicates disease introduction was not natural but by human-mediated movement of firewood. After a tree dies of oak wilt, its wood becomes infectious within one year, commonly the following spring. If you make firewood out of oak trees that died of oak wilt and move the firewood to your cabin in northern Wisconsin when the bark is still tightly attached, you are helping the disease travel much further than it would naturally travel. Don’t wound oaks Besides not moving firewood, it is important for home and cabin owners not to wound an oak tree in any way from April through July, at a minimum. Also, residents should be aware of any local ordinances designed to minimize the introduction of oak wilt. Weston and the Town of Mosinee, as examples, have such ordinances restricting the time in WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

the year in which residents can prune oak trees. The restrictive pruning periods vary among ordinances, so be sure to check with your local community. In a managed forest setting, there is an interactive on-line guide that will give you the levels of risk of introduction and spread of oak wilt in your particular stand so you can make informed decisions about when harvesting should occur. This guide is at the Wisconsin DNR website at dnr.wi.gov/ (Keyword: oak wilt guide). Like an ornamental setting, it is important not to wound oaks in a forest in any way from roughly April through July if you are in an oak wilt-infested area. How oak wilt spreads If a pruning or natural wound made on an oak tree in the growing season is left unprotected, a new oak wilt infection may develop in that oak. Small sap beetles transport oak wilt spores above ground from diseased wood to fresh wounds. Once an oak becomes infected, the disease radiates to neighboring oaks by travelling through a connected root system. If no management steps are taken, the disease center can continue to expand year after year. Once oak wilt establishes itself in an area, control of the disease is difficult and costly. Prevention is the best approach. How oak wilt kills Every year, the disease kills many oaks in the state by interfering with the tree’s water and nutrient-conducting systems, essentially starving the tree. Leaves begin to wilt, and the tree may eventually die. Trees in the red oak group are especially vulnerable. Once wilting symptoms become visible, the tree loses most of its leaves and dies very quickly, often within weeks. Trees in the white oak group — those with rounded or lobed leaves — are more resistant to oak wilt, and the disease progresses more slowly, often one branch at a time. White oaks can live with oak wilt for many years. To learn more about oak wilt and other forest pests visit the Wisconsin DNR website at dnr.wi.gov/ (Keyword: Forest Health).

Wisconsin firewood update By Colleen Robinson Klug, Forest Health Educator, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry State properties are working hard to help everyone do their part and avoid spreading harmful forest insects and diseases. “Insect pests such as emerald ash borer and gypsy moth and diseases like oak wilt and Dutch elm disease can spread easily by hiding in your firewood bundle and hitching a ride with you to your destination,” said Andrea Diss-Torrance, DNR forest health specialist. “Collectively, these invasive species have already killed millions of urban and forest trees in Wisconsin.” State properties that sell firewood have only two types of firewood for purchase, in an effort to reduce the spread of invasive species to our public lands: ● Wisconsin certified firewood, which has been processed to be free of invasive pests and diseases that harm our trees, or ● firewood from the property itself. “Although Wisconsin has found many new emerald ash borer attacks in 2013, there are still more places in the state without the pest, as far as we know. It is important that everyone do their part to keep it that way for as long as possible‚“ DissTorrance said. To help protect the health of public land we all share in Wisconsin, firewood is only allowed to be brought onto state managed properties if it is: ● from within 25 miles of the property, AND ● from within Wisconsin, AND ● from outside an area quarantined for emerald ash borer, (unless the property is also in the same or a connected quarantined area), or

● Certified by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. What you can do ● When you camp, hunt, or use wood for heating, please consider getting your firewood where you will burn it. ● At the very least, all travelers should follow quarantine rules to help protect Wisconsin’s trees and to avoid fines. ● Second homeowners are advised not to move firewood long distances between their properties, to reduce the risk to their trees. The only exception is firewood Certified by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection because it is free of invasives. Certified wood is free to move around the state and is labeled with a certified number. The current year and one of three treatments will be listed on the label to tell you that the wood has either been seasoned for two years, debarked, or heat treated. A list of certified dealers is available online at emeraldashborer.wi.gov. You can also be a good neighbor by being careful not to spread invasives in areas that are already quarantined. For example, you can legally move firewood within an emerald ash borer quarantined county, but in most cases the pest is not in every place in the county. For more details about firewood in Wisconsin visit dnr.wi.gov and search the keyword: “firewood” or call 1-877-303-WOOD (9663).

Sickly ash trees NOT infested by EAB in 2013 By Brian Schwingle, Forest Health Specialist, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry Sickly looking ash trees raised more than one eyebrow amongst tree care professionals and observant citizens in 2013 in north-central Wisconsin communities. A thinning ash canopy is one of the first symptoms of Emerald Ash Borer infestation, and that precisely was happening. Fortunately a less dangerous culprit was responsible for making ash trees sick: the ash plant bug, Tropidosteptes amoenus (Hemiptera: Miridae). The ash plant bug has piercing/sucking mouthparts which leave a yellow speckled pattern (stippling) on leaves, and heavy feeding creates brown sections on leaves. Stippling, coupled with the presence of shiny dark circles on the undersides of leaves (i.e. their excrement), is diagnostic for ash plant bugs. The bug itself is oval, up to a ¼ inch long, and varies from yellow to black with yellow to pink markings on its back. Severe damage in 2013 resulted in premature leaf

drop making ash canopies look thin. In Wausau, Merrill, and Tomahawk damage was seen in early to mid-June. DNR personnel noted ash plant bug feeding on forest ash trees too, but damage was not drastic enough to draw any attention. It is unknown why the ash plant bug population was large in 2013, although the drought of 2012 may have played a role. As for 2014, no one is able to predict whether or not ash plant bugs will cause worry again. Luckily the leaf damage these bugs make is generally not overly stressful for established ash trees and most homeowners will not need to do any management. If trees attacked in 2013 have large numbers of the bugs on them again in 2014, homeowners can spray the bugs off with water or consider applying an insecticidal soap. Healthy broadleaf trees will survive a few consecutive years of leaf damage but repeated attack over multiple years can be a serious stress requiring homeowner attention.

Limbs and lines donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mix By Dan Siewert, Electric Line Clearance Coordinator, Wisconsin Public Service There is so much good that trees do for all of us. But trees in the wrong place can cause problems in our ability to keep your lights on. Trees and power lines do not mix. Wisconsin Public Service (WPS) tries its best to provide customers with safe and reliable electricity. Sixty percent of power outages are caused by fallen trees and branches or growth of branches into power lines while 30 percent of power outages are due to weather. Combine nasty weather with high winds and tree branches near power lines and you have a recipe for power outages. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why we have an ongoing aggressive tree trimming program at WPS. We trim trees every three or four years in residential areas and every 5-8 years in rural areas. Asplundh Tree Expert Company implements our tree trimming plan. We serve more than 15,000 miles of power lines in 19 counties and that includes the heavily-forested areas. The other side of the story is planting the â&#x20AC;&#x153;rightâ&#x20AC;? tree in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;rightâ&#x20AC;? place. You can prevent potential problems with power lines by knowing what kind of tree to plant and where to plant it. A list of good trees to plant and guide-

lines as to where to plant them is available at wisconsinpublicservice.com/business/tree.aspx. Also included at this website is future tree trimming plans in your area, safety and educational info, vegetation management, a brochure, frequently asked questions, WPS contact info, and a photo gallery. WPS customers who have a tree that has grown into or Wisconsin Public Service contracts with Ashplundh Tree Service to trim trees has fallen onto power lines are cautioned to stay away and away from power lines. call WPS at 800-450-7260. A tree limb in contact with an electric line is extremely dangerous and life threatening. Above all, keep safety in mind and let the experts take care of any potentially dangerous situation. Dan Siewert is a member of the Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council representing utility arborists. The Council is appointed by the Secretary of the DNR and charged with the responsibility of advising the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources on the best ways to preserve, protect, expand and improve the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban and community forest resources comprised of 26.9 million trees and valued at $10.9 billion. To view the Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2013 Advisory Report and learn more about the Wisconsin Urban Forestry Council visit dnr.wi.gov and search keyword: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Urban Forestry Council.â&#x20AC;?

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WISCONSIN FORESTS FOREVER | 2013-2014

Greenfield • 18 years

Growth Awards through 2012: Wisconsin 35 30

22 23 23

25 20

Recertification Rate

Largest:

Milwaukee (594,833)

Smallest: Pound (376)

$18,349,507.94 spent on urban forestry management

$7.32

average per capita

28 23 23 22

23 23

26 25 27

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

35 years Wisconsin’s longest running Tree City USA community

1997

Sheboygan

30 26

1992

100 %

15 10

25 25

1993

44%

of WI lives in a Tree City USA Community

By Dick Rideout, Forestry Division, Wis. DNR

Longest Growth Award:

new Tree City USA communities

New Growth Award recipients:

1996

Tree City USA Communities

Taking care of your hometown trees

1995

191

Tree City USA

Growth Award recipients

Fredonia, Germantown, McFarland, New Berlin, Racine, Saukville, Shorewood, West Allis

1994

By the Numbers...

27 8

1991

Wisconsin: 2012 Tree City USA Summary

Beyond Tree City USA 57% used online data management system

4 Wisconsin Tree Campus Schools 1 New Tree Campus Schools 11 Tree Line Utilities Longest Running Tree Line USA Utility: Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (18 years)

Have you seen the signs as you enter a community proclaiming it as a Tree City USA? What’s that all about? Tree City USA is a national certification by the Arbor Day Foundation that recognizes a community for leadership in caring for its trees. Wisconsin communities’ commitment to caring for their trees makes our state a national leader. Our 191 Tree City USAs rank Wisconsin second in the nation behind only Ohio. And we continue to lead and grow. Of the seven top-ranked states in the country, only Wisconsin increased its number of Tree Cities in 2012, by a net of 8 new Tree City USAs. To become a Tree City USA, a community must meet four standards. It must have a community tree commission or board, a community tree ordinance, a tree budget that spends at least $2 per capita, and an annual Arbor Day procla-

mation and celebration. The Arbor Day Foundation also recognizes communities that go above and beyond these four standards with an annual Growth Award. This year, Wisconsin’s 8 new community Growth Awards represent 19% of all new Growth Awards in the nation. Is your community a Tree City USA? Find out at “arborday.org.” If it is, help support continued community tree care and make sure to celebrate Arbor Day every day on your own property as well. If your community isn’t a Tree City, call your city, village or town government and ask how you can help it achieve this national honor. In addition to communities, the Arbor Day Foundation also recognizes school campuses (Tree Campus USA) and utility companies (Tree Line USA) for their tree care leadership. Take a look at the graphic to see how Wisconsin performs in all of the Arbor Day Foundation’s programs.

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“To exist as a Nation, to prosper as a State, and live as a people, we must have trees.” - President Theodore Roosevelt

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Cory Meyer - 715-661-0504 Northern WI/MI/Northern MN Park Falls Hardwoods corymeyer@midwesthardwood.com

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Professional foresters on staff to answer any forest management question. Also marketing 100% FSC Pure: lumber, pulpwood, chips, veneer logs, and residues

New online map shows 1.3 million private acres open to public By Kristin Lambert, Forest Tax Enforcement and Operations Specialist, WDNR-Division of Forestry More than one million private acres classified as open for public recreation under the Managed Forest Law (MFL) and Forest Crop Law (FCL) programs are now easier for outdoor enthusiasts to find thanks to a new online mapping tool called “Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation.” The information being displayed on this new tool contains the same type of information DNR has been providing the public for the past 27 years. The difference from what the DNR has historically provided is that the information is now available as a visual approximation in an online map. Managed Forest, Forest Crop Law Programs The Managed Forest Law (MFL) and Forest Crop Law (FCL) are landowner-incentive programs that incorporate sustainable forest practices, such as timber harvesting, wildlife management, water quality and recreation—while improving public access to these lands. When landowners enroll in the Managed Forest Law, they may choose whether they want their lands designated as open or closed to public recreation. Lands open to public recreation are available only for hunting, fishing, hiking, cross-country skiing, and sightseeing. Landowners may close a maximum of 160 acres per ownership per municipality. All MFL land under the same ownership in the municipality counts toward this limit. However, lands enrolled prior to 2005 have an 80 acre maximum (or two entire government or fractional lots). While the FCL program still has active participants, the program was terminated in 1985 when the Managed Forest Law was enacted. All lands enrolled under the Forest Crop Law are open to public recreation for only hunting and fishing. Because MFL-open lands have more allowable uses than FCL lands, it is important that the recreating public understands whether they will be on FCL or MFL lands so that they understand the allowable recreational uses.

Online Mapping Tool To access the mapping tool, users can visit the DNR website at dnr.wi.gov, and type “MFL open land” in the Search or Keywords field. The mapping tool shows the approximate location (most often down to the quarter-quarter section, or “forty”) of all MFL–Open and FCL lands in Wisconsin as depicted by purple triangles or red circles. To assist in reminding users that the data presented in the map is only an approximation; there is a disclaimer that every user must “accept” before entering the web map. When a user clicks on a purple triangle or red circle, a box pops up which contains the landowner’s name and address, the actual acreage of MFL–Open or FCL, and the legal description for that MFL or FCL enrollment. In addition, the name, e-mail address and phone number of the appropriate local DNR Forester is displayed. For some but not all locations, a map is available for the user to view to get even more information about the lands open to public recreation. The user should still refer to a plat book or other online data sources to help them decipher the information shown in the mapping tool. The landowner name and DNR Forester contact information are ways that the public can get more information to avoid trespassing on private lands not open to the public. This is especially true for partially open legal descriptions (less than 40 acres), fractional sections, or government lots. For more information The public is encouraged to contact the local DNR Forester if there are questions about the mapping tool or access to MFL-open or FCL lands. DNR Foresters are knowledgeable about the MFL and FCL programs. If you are unsure, you can determine who the local DNR Forester is by using the Forestry Assistance Locator. Go to dnr.wi.gov and search keyword “forest landowner.” Then click Find a Forester and you will able to use the Forestry Assistance Locator to find the DNR Forester(s) who has responsibility for that area of the state.

Conservation easements help protect valuable forest land

Conservation easements have proven to be an effective way to keep large blocks of forestland intact as working forests and open to public recreation. The Division of Forestry’s conservation easement program protects environmentally important forest land to ensure continued sustainable forestry and resource management, maintain the undeveloped character of the

property and provide public access to the property for public outdoor recreational uses. A private landowner maintains the timber rights and management of the property, while the public benefits from perpetual public access as well the ecological benefits gained through sustainable forest management. Total acreage under conservation easements

Rules and requirements of MFL-open and FCL land access Landowners may:

● Restrict or deny the use of motorized vehicles on the lands. ● Designate a specific access point or route to the Open MFL land. Typically, the public can access Open MFL or FCL parcels from a public road. When not obvious, public access must be reasonable and clearly identified. Where the public must cross the owner’s non-MFL or Closed MFL land, the landowner should identify the public access route. ● Post signs approved by the DNR to show the access route or identify the location of closed lands. ● Restrict access within 300 feet of any building or active commercial timber sale (cutting firewood for personal use does not apply) that conforms to the management plan. ● Grant additional uses to the public if the landowner so desires. ● Not deny access to any person. ● Not restrict the number of people accessing the parcel. ● Not post signs, which restrict or give the appearance of restricting permitted uses.

When using MFL and FCL lands open to public recreation, the public may:

● Access the land only for the allowed uses which are hunting, fishing, hiking, sight-seeing and cross-country skiing on MFL lands, and hunting and fishing on FCL lands. ● Access the land without asking permission. ● Access the land only by foot unless given other permission by the landowner(s). ● Use legal hunting methods including baiting and temporary tree stands. Land, trees or other property may not be damaged.

When using MFL-open and FCL lands, the public may not: ● Use motorized vehicles or conduct target practice without landowner’s permission. ● Damage the property or anything on it.

When using MFL-open and FCL lands, the public is encouraged to:

● Avoid trespass through awareness of their location, MFL and FCL boundaries and property lines. ● Treat the property and resources with respect. Damage and trespass incidents are enforced by the local Sheriff’s Department, not the DNR. ● Let landowners know when and where they are going to be on MFL-open and FCL land. Though not a legal requirement, notification is courteous and enhances safety.

By Amy Singh, Wisconsin DNR – Division of Forestry

will surpass 200,000 acres with the upcoming completion of a Central Sands Pines project in Adams County. In addition to sustainable forest management, this easement project aims to conserve habitat for the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler, who has been successfully nesting in this area since 2007. Recent forestry easements projects protected

an additional 65,205 acres of industrial forestlands since 2011, including the Chippewa Flowage Forest (Sawyer County), Brule-St. Croix Legacy Forest Part 1 (Douglas, Washburn, Burnet and Bayfield Counties) and Futurewood (Douglas County). For additional information on the Division of Forestry’s conservation easement program visit dnr.wi.gov and search keyword “Forest Legacy.” WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

Timber sales and recreation By Doug Brown, Marathon County Forester Establishing timber sales in the heavily used Marathon County Nine Mile Forest Recreation Area takes considerable planning and thought. There are a host of various recreational groups that use the forest, as well as an active timber sale program designed to keep the 4900 acre forest healthy and productive. Nine Mile contains nearly 60 miles of various trails and roads which are used for cross country skiing, mountain biking, hiking, snowshoeing, hunting, snowmobiling and horseback riding. Many of these roads are also the main hauling routes to access timber. Timber sales that have a host of recreational trails are coordinated a year or two in advance. The logistics for planning timber sales within Nine Mile is part of the County Forest Comprehensive Land Use Plan. The plan is based on public input and outlines management objectives for the forest. All of the Marathon County Forest land(29,937 acres) is enrolled in the County Forest Law (Section 28.11 Wis. Stats). The primary purpose of any timber sale is to promote and enhance a healthy forest. In doing so, this provides forest products to our mills to create products that we use every day while keeping local companies in business. This is good for our forests and our economy. Healthy, productive forests are a boom for wildlife, protect watersheds and reduce soil erosion while combatting greenhouse effects. During the planning of timber sales, the activities of each user group come into play. There may be some negative short term interruptions to trail use. There are visual changes to the forest that trail users will encounter. The goal of land managers is to balance the harvests with the recreation while minimizing any impacts. Significant issues that have to be considered before conducting a timber sale include: ● Trail impacts (temporary closures) ● Seasonal restrictions (few winter harvests due to cross country skiing) ● Insect/disease problems with some forest types (oak wilt restrictions) ● Managing the timber resource to maintain a healthy and vigorous forest. ● Maintaining forest composition. ● Supply of wood to the forest industry. ● Timing of the timber sale for logging operations during dry summer/fall conditions. Forest managers take all the above into account in timber sale planning, and more importantly, making decisions on how to harvest a forest area. Take for instance aspen management. Aspen is managed by clearcutting. This is the ONLY viable method for regenerating aspen. In most harvests, all of the trees are cut except oak which is left for acorn production to benefit wildlife. In addition, leaving the oak improves visual aesthetics of the WISCONSIN FOREST FOREVER | 2013-2014

harvest. Aspen regenerates producing baby trees from the root system of the harvested trees. These young trees need full sunlight to grow. An aspen harvest can produce up to 30,000 trees per acre within two years of the harvest. Aspen is the preferred species for grouse. Also, deer, bear and numerous neo-tropical migratory song birds are dependent on young aspen forests for food and habitat. Aspen is also a vitally important raw material. It is used primarily in paper and in producing oriented strand board (sheeting that is in most homes to make the outside walls and roofs). Higher quality aspen is sawn for boards, veneer, and furniture as well as pallet material. But clear cutting aspen along ski trails can have a negative impact without proper safeguards. With the removal of the trees there is no shading from the sun to protect the ski trail from melting snow, particularly in late February and early March. So in a compromise, a buffer is placed along the south side of the ski trails. This buffer is selectively thinned and the long-term goal is to convert the area to hardwoods. This buffer shades the trail and allows maximum snow fall onto the trail. Other situations where timber management and recreation work together is in new road construction. Logging contractors are sometimes required to build a new road to access the sale for trucking. The new roads can then be used for recreational trails as well as the “landings” (where semi-trucks turn around and logs/pulp are decked) which can be turned into grass openings for wildlife habitat. Logging contractors also work hard in coordinating their operations and business when working in Nine Mile. These contractors shut down operations during weekends of mountain biking races in summer as well as during weekdays during the fall high school cross-country races. They work daily on keeping the trails free of debris and minimizing large logging equipment on trails while keeping their operations profitable. The primary goal of County Forest management is maintaining a healthy forest and having high quality recreation. This takes all user groups to compromise. Not everyone will be happy with the decisions made on management of the forest, but not everyone will be displeased either. There is a clear give and take approach by all user groups. We all work together to keep Nine Mile’s forest healthy, producing wood for our mills so the timber industry can remain a vital part of our economy, while providing one of the most valuable outdoor recreational venues in the state. Contact Doug Brown, Marathon County Forester at 715-261-1550 or Doug.Brown@ co.marathon.wi.us.

Recreation opportunities abound By Melissa Baker, Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest, Wisconsin DNR-Division of Forestry Wouldn’t it be great if you could drive a short distance to have access to thousands of acres of beautiful land where you could escape your daily life and hike, bike, fish, camp, hunt, ski and snowmobile? If this sounds like a perfect way to spend a weekend, you’re in luck. The Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest has all of this and more. Established in 1925 to protect the headwaters of the Wisconsin, Flambeau and Manitowish rivers, the Northern Highland-American Legion (NHAL) State Forest, located just 70 miles north of Wausau, is comprised of more than 232,000 acres of state forest land that is open for public recreation. With almost 900 campsites, 8 picnic areas, more than 900 lakes, over 50 miles of paved bicycle trails connecting 5 towns, 70 miles of cross country ski trails, and hundreds of miles of snowmobile trails, you can find great recreation opportunities in all four seasons.

In addition to the many lakes on the property, there is also a wide variety of winter trail opportunities on the forest. For those who want to enjoy the quiet and solitude of a beautiful winter day, the forest maintains four trails for cross country skiing and also provides access to other trails for snowshoeing. If, however, you would rather cruise through the forest on a snowmobile, you will find over 400 miles of snowmobile trails on the NHAL.

Fall If you like to really get away from it all, the NHAL provides the perfect location for fall camping. While our campgrounds can be very busy in the summer, autumn brings the opportunity to experience camping along your choice of several gorgeous lakes where you may share an entire campground with only 3 or four other campers. NHAL lakes and trails are especially beautiful places to spend a fall afternoon. The changing of the leaves is beautiful throughout the season as first the maples, then oaks and aspens, and finally tamarack reveal their autumn glory. Hunting is another great activity that many people enjoy on the forest during the fall months. As the weather turns colder, an influx of hunters wearing blaze orange can be seen throughout the forest. With opportunities to hunt for turkey, deer, and bear it is no wonder that hunting on the NHAL is an important family tradition for many.

Summer During the summer, the NHAL comes alive with activity. Whether you like to fish, hike, bike, camp, swim, or just relax on the shores of a crystal clear northern Wisconsin Lake, you can find something great to do on the forest. With 18 campgrounds, 11 designated hiking trails, six designated canoe routes (each with free one-night camping) and bicycle trails linking multiple communities, you can always find fun things to do on the NHAL. Whatever the season, you can always have a great experience on YOUR Wisconsin State Forest. Next time you are trying to come up with ideas for how to spend your day off, take a chance and visit the Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest. You won’t be disappointed!

Winter Winter is another season that brings a wide variety of recreation opportunities to the forest. With over 900 lakes, ice fishing is very popular. Whether you want to fish with a large group or find a place all your own, you can find an ice-fishing spot that is just right for you.

Spring Spring is an exciting time on the state forest. During early spring visitors are often hoping to get in just one more ski or fishing expedition. As the snow melts, however, there are additional opportunities for camping, hiking, and wildlife viewing. While several of our campgrounds are open year around, many of our facilities are closed during the winter months and begin to reopen during late April, early May.

The Raven Trail is among the hundreds of miles of trails on the Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest. The 232,000-acre forest includes more than 900 lakes as well.

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