Celebrate Gannon 2020

April 24, 2020 Engagement | Fine Arts | Research | Scholarship

Welcome from Dr. Iwanenko Today we celebrate scholarship and we have the opportunity to explore its many different forms of scholarship.

Opportunity is often overlooked because when you first see it is disguised as hard work and commitment. The students and faculty who are sharing their projects with you in this virtual document have taken this opportunity.

I would like to thank all of our students and faculty and staff who have embraced the opportunity to share their accomplishments with us. We are all very proud of you.

Thank you everyone. Gob Bless You and God Bless Gannon University.

Let the Celebration Begin!

TABLE OF CONTENTS Undergraduate Engagement Poster Presentations

Page 2

Graduate Engagement Poster Presentations

Page 9

Undergraduate Fine Arts Presentation

Page 14

Undergraduate Research & Scholarship Platform Presentations

Page 16

Undergraduate Research & Scholarship Poster Presentations

Page 21

Graduate Research & Scholarship Platform Presentation

Page 64

Graduate Research & Scholarship Poster Presentations

Page 66

Celebrate Gannon 2020

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UNDERGRADUATE ENGAGEMENT POSTER PRESENTATIONS

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

The Effect of 2nd Hand Smoking on Gannon University campus

Introduction

Gannon University has an open campus which will not allows the university to have more control on some laws, especially on streets, and places around the campus.

Moreover, being in open campus can affect faculty, staff, students, visitors, and public. one major concern is smoking or use tobacco products on campus, which impact tobacco users directly and also people around them from secondhand smoke exposure. Respiratory care program tested approximately 100 students and faculty at Gannon university during different events in order to see the effects of secondhand smoking via using COoximeter. There is a relation between smoking and secondhand smoking with Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which means CO in blood stream. Smoking can elevate the level of COHb in blood.

Khalid Dahir Alenezi Senior Respiratory Care Student Shellie R. Moore, M.Ed., RRT-NPS Director of Respiratory Care Department

Conclusion:

Method CO oximeter is a device that can analysis the gases in blood stream, some of those gases are oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and methemoglobin (MetHb). However, in this study we focus on COHb. The normal COHb in the blood is 1% and less.

Participants were test during different events at Gannon university such as wellness fair, celebrate Gannon, Great GU smoke out, and other events.

We believe Gannon’s new Tobacco Free Campus policy (Share the Air) may have a positive effect on healthier air for students and faculty, by decreasing exposure to secondhand smoking. Moreover, we think the tobacco policy should be counting to develop, therefore, the campus will have more fresh air for students and faculty who choose to be non-smokers. Future opportunities to test participants now that (Share the Air) has been enforced may reveal different CO results.

References: Result: The result was on students and faculty who were non-smokers and being expose to secondhand smoking. However, most of students and faculty thought they are not secondhand smokers. Forty 40% of participants have showed more abnormal COHb results which was more than 1% of COHb in the blood. While other causes could contribute to these results, it is believed that even though the participants deny close relations with smokers, they are still being expose to secondhand smoke around the campus.

The results of this project were better than expected. Notably, Gannon University has established the new tobacco policy (Share the Air) effectively on 1st August 2019, designating limited smoking areas on campus. It is believed this will help to reduce the exposure to secondhand smoke on campus.

Gavrilovska-Brzanov, A., Shosholcheva, M., Kuzmanovska, B., Kartalov, A., Mojsova-Mijovska, M., Jovanovski-Srceva, M., ‌ Miceska, M. S. (2017, June). The Influence of Smoking on the Variations in Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin During Urologic Surgery. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc /articles/PMC5585797/ Share the Air. Retrieved from https://www.gannon.edu/AboutGannon/Share-the-Air/

Name: Khalid Alenezi Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Respiratory Care Presenter(s): Khalid Alenezi Project Mentor: Shellie Moore Abstract Title: The Effect of 2nd Hand Smoking on Gannon University Abstract Submission: Gannon University has an open campus which will not allows the university to have more control on some laws, especially on streets, and places around the campus. Moreover, being in open campus can affect faculty, staff, students, visitors, and public. One major concern is smoking or use tobacco products on campus, which impact tobacco users directly and also people around them from secondhand smoke exposure. Respiratory care program tested approximately 100 students and faculty at Gannon university during different events in order to see the effects of secondhand smoking via using CO-oximeter. There is a relation between smoking and secondhand smoking with Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which means CO in blood stream. The project has shows unexpected results, and the good effect of GU tobacco policy.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

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Nutrient Film Hydroponics Garden System for the Hearts Garden Home of L’Arche Erie Clara Almeter1, Andrew Mottola2, Austin Kinsella3, Lin Zhao 1Environmental

Abstract L’Arche Erie is a faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities. L’Arche Erie owns various homes where their core members can live and are given the opportunities to personally and professionally develop. The leaders of L’Arche have decided to implement hydroponic gardening in three of their homes. As one of the SEECS sophomore class groups, we have been assigned to the Hearts Garden Home where a Nutrient Film Technique hydroponics system will be implemented in the home’s basement. Taking specific requirements and constraints into account, we have developed a design that maximizes the lower amount of light in the room, maintains proper height and size requirements, and is best suited for growing spinach and smaller herbs. All the materials needed to build the system have been ordered, and currently the system is under construction. The plan will be to complete the development of the structure of the system by the end of Spring 2020, test the function of the system in Fall 2020, and implement the system in the Heart Garden Home in Spring2021. As our time in the SEECS program progresses, we look forward to continuing the maintenance and improvement of our design in the Hearts Garden Home to better serve its core members and maximize the capacity of the produce.

Engineering Department, 2Biomedical Engineering Department, 3Computer and Information Science

Hydroponic System Nutrient Film Technique

• Nutrient rich water is pumped from a reservoir into a larger tube/pipe • A thin layer, or film of water continuously runs across the plant’s bare roots • The gentle slope of the tube/pipe allows water to run downwards toward a drain tube • The water returns to the reservoir to be cycled through the system again

Materials Purchased Item

Quantity Price Per

Price Total

PVC Piping

2

$17.59

Air Pump

1

$8.97

$35.18 $8.97

Reservoir

1

$17.09

$17.09

PVC Corners

6

$3.1

$18.6

Water Pump

1

$15.89

$15.89

Pot

1

$10.97

$10.97

Plumbing Tape

1

$4.28

$4.28

Funnels

1

$9.99

Total

$9.99 $120.97

Moving Forward

About L’Arche Erie

As we progress into our junior year with the SEECS program, we are excited to wrap up the construction of the hydroponics system. Next steps will include implementation in the Hearts Garden Home, designing an instruction manual for users, and fine-tuning potential complications.

• A faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities • Core members live in homes around Erie that provide them with the opportunity to personally and professionally develop in a positive community

Name: Clara Almeter Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: SEECS Presenter(s): Clara Almeter, Andrew Mottola, Austin Kinsella Project Mentor: Lin Zhao Abstract Title: Nutrient Film Hydroponics Garden System for the Hearts Garden Home of L’Arche Erie Abstract Submission: L’Arche Erie is a faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities.

L’Arche Erie owns various homes where their core members can live and are given the opportunities to personally and professionally develop. The leaders of L’Arche have decided to implement hydroponic gardening in three of their homes. As one of the SEECS sophomore class groups, we have been assigned to the Hearts Garden Home where a Nutrient Film Technique hydroponics system will be implemented in the home’s basement. Taking specific requirements and constraints into account, we have developed a design that maximizes the lower amount of light in the room, maintains proper height and size requirements, and is best suited for growing spinach and smaller herbs. All the materials needed to build the system have been ordered, and currently the system is under construction. The plan will be to complete the development of the structure of the system by the end of Spring 2020, test the function of the system in Fall 2020, and implement the system in the Heart Garden Home in Spring 2021. As our time in the SEECS program progresses, we look forward to continuing the maintenance and improvement of our design in the Hearts Garden Home to better serve its core members and maximize the capacity of the produce.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

Fashion Empires and their Unethical Actions Overview • Fashion empires should make changes to their unethical actions and adopt new policies because it always involves issues such as slave labor, heavy pollution, and the exploitation of third world countries.

Fashion’s Rule Over the World • The fashion industry is roughly worth over $1.3 trillion (Shah).

• This suggests two different things: fashion enables us to express our feelings and individuality and it is extremely exploitative.

• Fashion can separate people who are on-trend and chic to those who do not really care about mainstream fashion.

• One of the most recognizable things in fashion is all of the different brands associated with it.

• When asked in an interview of the role brands have in fashion Robin Givhan said that “brands help people navigate an enormous industry. It gives you an immediate understanding of what they represent!” (Shah).

• However, it is these brands that continuously engage in unethical behaviors to push their fashion out into the world.

Slave Labor and Outsourcing

Fast Fashion and Pollution

• Many fashion companies routinely outsource their labor to third world countries.

• They mainly exploit women and children in these countries.

• According to Fabric of the World, it is mainly in Asia, South America, and Africa where child labor is most prevalent for textile industries (Gaitho).

• Children in positions like this face scenarios that put their lives at risk such as working terribly long hours, operating dangerous equipment, working with harmful chemicals, sitting in sweatshops with poor conditions, poor lighting and ventilation (Gaitho).

• Huge fashion names such as Dior and Saint Laurent have been guilty of outsourcing to India (Schultz).

• There are many artisans in Mumbai, India who create beautiful embroidered patterns. However, they are being made to work in horrendous conditions with little pay for some of the biggest fashion brands in the world (Schultz).

• A case that illustrates the dangers of this type of labor is the Rana Plaza factory collapse in which more than 1,100 Bangladeshi workers were killed in a factory whose products were destined for brands such as Dior and Saint Laurent (Shultz).

• This goes as far back as the ’80s that luxury brands outsource to India, it is one of the largest places for brands to do this.

(Schultz).

• A reason for this mass outsourcing to India could be because India has a large number of artisans, also known as “karigar, who specialize in beautiful embroidery (Shultz).

• Many artisans do not even receive health benefits or a proper wage, many managers take advantage of the artisans’ lack of education and lack of union representation and choose to not tell them the true worth of their embroidery (Schultz).

• Another harmful consequence is something called “fast fashion”. This is a very fast and easy way to produce fashion and get it to consumers, usually sacrificing quality. However, what comes with this is detrimental to the environment (Donato).

• According to Elizabeth Cline in her book “Overdressed: The shockingly high cost of cheap fashion”, fast fashion has a cheaper price so consumers can buy much more than they actually need (Donato).

• Just to put into perspective, businesses like H&M and Forever 21 get shipments daily of new clothing, and a store known as TopShop gets 400 new styles per week on its website (Donato). Fast fashion sets up consumers to keep buying what is ontrend.

• According to the Institute of Sustainable Communication, “the clothing industry is the second-highest polluter of clean water.” Not only this, but fast-fashion retailers outsource to third world countries who still use coal power for electricity, and producing 150 billion pieces of clothing takes a huge amount of coal power (Donato).

• Because of this, the fashion industry alone is responsible for 10% of carbon emissions globally (Donato).

• Fast fashion is also made from oilbased polyester to create bright colors, there is no level of lead exposure that is healthy for anyone.

• The quality of fast fashion is not meant to last, hence it usually ends up in landfills.

• Sales shown by the Organic trade association showed that the sale of organic cotton in 2004 went up by 33% unfortunately, organic cotton is only 0.03% of the organic cotton industry (Claudio).

Metz

Shircliffe

Sarah Krickel krickel001@gannon.edu

How to Combat this Problem • There was a pact called the Utthan pact that required progress to be shown of health and benefits to artisan workers in India. The pact laid out rules that stated every factory was to have a fire extinguisher, a room for workers to sleep in, and to have at least two different exits. It also called for a workday of no more than 11 hours (Shultz).

• The problem is that not every brand joined and signed onto it. Big brands like Versace and Valentino did not want to work with Utthan. And for many brands that did sign on, these promises that were made by this pact were never fulfilled in the first place (Shultz).

• A company must have a good ILO code of conduct for its workers. This means that there must be fundamental principles in place for the workers. It should include something that prohibits child labor, forced labor, discrimination, and guarantees worker rights. But this code must apply to multiple levels of the supply chain. It has to go deeper than just the surface level. There cannot be an excessive amount of for worker overtime either, this is often driven from low and insufficient wages (Kipoz).

• Also, there should always be something addressing gender inequality. Women represent 80% of global garment workers in the fashion industry and with this comes a lot of sexual harassment and inequality, so factories must ensure anti-gender discrimination policies as well (Kipoz).

• Something that fashion companies need to care much more about is traceability.

If they do not know or just don’t care who their suppliers are, then it is highly likely the workers being made to work for them are being exploited (Kipoz).

• This does continue to be one of the more significant changes in the industry that’s been seen through. There has actually been a 32% increase in companies tracing their suppliers (Kipoz).

• Companies also need to become more transparent and accountable to their consumers, workers, and society. One of these ways is that the company could publish suppliers’ lists and names of where they have their garments made. Despite the growing number of companies actually complying with this, there are a great number of them who choose not to engage and hide their ethical sourcing, if it is at all. This is actually something that is now required in the USA, France, UK, and also Australia (Kipoz).

Works Cited Claudio, Luz. “Waste Couture: Environmental Impact of the Clothing Industry.” National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Sept. 2007, ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.115-a449.

Donato, Jill Di. “Why Fast Fashion Is Killing the Planet and Your Ethics.” Culture Trip, 13 Feb. 2017, theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/whyfast-fashion-is-killing-the-planet-and-your-ethics/.

Gaitho, Maryanne. “Unethical Fashion : Exploitation of Women and Children.” Fabric of the World, 23 Mar. 2018, www.fabricoftheworld.com/unethical-fashionlearn-how-the-textile-industrys-practices-arehazardous-to-workers/.

Kipoz, Solen. “Slow Fashion Ethics: Re-production of Memory through Deconstruction”. 2013. PDF file.

Metz, Neely. “Workers Often 'Pay the Price' for Fast Fashion.” The Broadview, 4 Feb. 2016, broadview.sacredsf.org/9770/news/workers-oftenpay-the-price-for-fast-fashion Schultz, Kai, et al. “Luxury's Hidden Indian Supply Chain.” The New York Times, 11 Mar. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/style/dior-saintlaurent-indian-labor-exploitation.html.

Shah, Vikas. “The Role of Fashion in Human Culture.”

Thought Economics, 3 June 2015, thoughteconomics.com/the-role-of-fashion-inhuman-culture/.

Shircliffe, Victoria. “How Can I Fight Back against Forced Labor in the Fashion Industry?” Dressember, 27 Dec. 2019, www.dressember.org/blog/dressemberreadingday2 7.

Shultz

Name: Sarah Krickel Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: English Presenter(s): Sarah Krickel Project Mentor: Ann Bomberger Abstract Title: Fashion Empires and Their Unethical Actions Abstract Submission: Understanding the psychology of the consumer and the company is needed to fully understand why fashion industries continue to use methods such as fast fashion and slave labor, grossly underpaying their workers, and why the general public continues to keep them on a pedestal. Fashion empires have long run the minds of consumers for decades: what to wear and when, what is fashionable in which season, and of course, status. This poster investigates which fashion companies engage in corrupt behavior and/or have unethical backgrounds as well. Not only this, but this poster also explores why consumers continue to glorify and idolize these companies even after learning of their unethical actions.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

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Emily Muntean muntean001 @gannon.edu Rachel Kuchnicki kuchnick001@gannon.edu Marian Collin Franco collinf001@gannon.edu Sanibel Stravinsky stravins001@gannon.edu

Metanoia Retreat “a change of heart” Preparation and Formation

2 RETREATS

1. Leader formation – TRUST THE PROCESS

REFLECTION:

An 8 week long process that prepares former Metanoia participants to switch roles and take on the responsibilities of leading the retreat.

The student leaders seek to become a resource to the retreatants, serving as small group leaders and prayer leaders.

Metanoia is a great opportunity to take a weekend away in order to step out of the hectic college schedule. We try to provide a safe space for students to explore their personal lives and spirituality through both self and group reflection.

Servant leadership! The goal is to put aside personal expectations in order to build a retreat experience that best serves the participants.

Leaders are encouraged to be creative in the planning process to facilitate a unique experience, rather than attempt to duplicate their own retreat.

Student leaders invite participants to reflect upon important themes of student/daily life by sharing their own stories. Students are able to apply these themes to their own lives through small group discussion and individual reflection.

1/2 day retreat: Community building within the team is important to the process. This time includes team building activities, sharing a meal, an in-depth examination of the underlying philosophy and theology of the retreat framework, and of course, prayer.

Change of Heart = Shared understanding of our capacity to give and receive the gifts of love and acceptance, uniquely connected to each student’s lived reality, leaving them with a 2. Advertising • Intentional word of mouth invitation • Leaders, previous participants, campus ministers • Why Metanoia video social media campaign • Tabling in Waldron increases visibility and awareness • Mass announcements and hosting hospitality after Masses

“Live The Fourth”

call to action.

COMMUNITY:

Live The Fourth = the call to carry on the graces

received during the retreat and to maintain and strengthen the relationships and lessons of the retreat.

HOW? 1. Sacramentals (Medals and Shirts) 2. Personal commitment to the ongoing journey of “Metanoia” with community support 3. Metanoia Mondays 4. Monthly LT4 gatherings 5. Reconnect with Spotify playlist 6. Small group reunions 7. Live The Fourth Retreat 8. Becoming a leader

It is 4:24pm… and YOU ARE SO LOVED!!

Students are able to form deep, meaningful connections with a diverse group of students in the short span of one weekend.

This connection is fostered through small group discussions and a spirit of vulnerability. The student leaders make a point to create a comfortable and trusting environment among the group.

Name: Rachel Kuchnicki Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Campus Ministry Presenter(s): Rachel Kuchnicki, Zachary Knoeferl, Sanibel Stravinsky, Marian Collin Franco Project Mentor: Emily Muntean Abstract Title: Metanoia Means A Change of Heart Abstract Submission: Metanoia is a student-led, weekend retreat offered through Campus Ministry that brings together a diverse group of Gannon students. Throughout the weekend, leaders presented talks and facilitated small group reflections that encouraged retreatants to take a deeper look at their lives within the context of faith and spirituality. Metanoia means “change of heart.” Members of this Metanoia family want to share what this transformational “change of heart’ has meant for their lives and how they have lived it out back on campus. They also wish to share the good news that “it is April 24th and you are so loved!”

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

Dar k Tourism, Mar keting Injustice

Joshua Perrin perrin006@gannon.edu

Overview •

Even though human beings gravitate towards locations of death and suffering, historical sites should not be commodified because at their core they should be used as an educational tool and locations to sympathize with the victims. The communities afflicted should be given charge of the locations.

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Our Shared Humanity •

Dark tourism is the act of visiting a historic location associated with great acts of violence or suffering (Copeland, 2011).

This would include concentration camp locations, battlefields, infamous murder locations, the town of Salem, Massachusetts, etc. (Copeland, 2011).

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Educational Tool, First and Foremost •

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Dark tourist destinations inform future generations of past and present human tragedies.

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Take for example Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini’s estate, Rome-Villa-Torlonia.

This once infamous villa is the only state-owned museum with a display on Mussolini (Bartolini, 2018).

Italy lacks both a national museum providing an analysis of the country’s Fascist past and a War Museum deliberating Italy’s position in World War II, which makes Museum Torlonia a vital knowledge base for a case study of Italy’s Fascist past (Bartolini, 2018).

The beautiful historical location should be funded for the sole purpose of education and upkeep and not used as a money-making factory for greedy stockholders (Bartolini, 2018).

Informative dark tourist locations allow a chance for others, who may not have experienced bigotry themselves, to understand why certain communities were detested simply because of their religion or sexual orientation.

Tragedies like the Holocaust should be used as a warning against the repetition of history.

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Also, monuments to victims of natural disasters teach others about preparedness when it comes to

The ruins of Detroit’s “slum tours” are a prime example of how dark tourism reveals the underlying need to help one another.

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The two most widespread concerns encircling “slum tours” are, first, that poverty tours do not benefit the poor; and second, that the tours lure money away from organizations that could support the poor (Scarbrough, 2018).

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We have to the ability to recognize that others may have it a lot worse than we do and we should count our blessings (Scarbrough, 2018).

Locations with massive amounts of tragic energy allow us solemn moments to reflect on what it means to be human (Robb, 2009).

The gas chambers at Auschwitz bring awareness to the fact that anything about our person such as thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and looks can be inspire others to hate (Stone, 2016).

Dark tourism brings to light what happens when others become passive bystanders to injustice.

Monuments to tragedy should encapsulate the thoughts, feelings, and emotions of the lives lost, as we are all human beings capable of sympathizing with a wide array of emotions.

The fact of the matter is tragedy can happen anywhere, as far away as Africa or in places closer to home, such as Hollywood, California (Levitt, 2010).

Victims and Their Communities

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Locations of human tragedy allow an open discussion about the ignorance and misinformation of others (Stone, 2016).

We can use information about human suffering as tools to inform the populace about how actions have very real consequences and that others have suffered for the simplest of reasons.

thought process would be Rothenburg, Germany (Ullrich, 2016).

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Background •

natural disaster prevention involving earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and immense floods (Stone, 2016).

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When it comes to museums and memorial sites pertaining to human on human violence, communities affected should be the guides.

Communities such as the Jewish community of Bucharest should have full control of tourist sites involved with their faith (Corsale, 2017).

(gripspix, 2018)

Stockholders should not be involved in monetary decisions pertaining to dark tourist attractions (Corsale, 2017).

The communities affected should get the funds and use them to keep these places revered.

Some non-Jewish places in Germany wish to erase certain parts of history for economic gain; a city with this

(John Keogh, 2005)

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Desolation Row DetroitDerek Photography ( ALL RIGHTS RESERVED )

Germany is not the only country under fire for dark tourism hotspots, so was Japan after acquiring a memorial known as the “Cambodian Killing Fields.”

Hollywood Sign

In 2005, JC Royal Corporation, a private Japanese company, began transitioning management for Choueng Ek from the Cambodian government to their corporation (Copeland, 2011).

Pentacle

JC Royal Corporation’s crucial aim was to develop and renovate the killing fields to attract more tourism (Copeland, 2011).

This startling decision generated much controversy among the local media. The Director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia, Youk Chang, accused the government of profiting off death (Copeland, 2011).

Another controversy enveloping Choueng Ek is the addition and exhibition of human remains at the tourist sites. One researcher asked, "If the goal is commemoration and reconciliation, do human remains inhibit this?" (Copeland, 2011).

Actions such as these are disgusting and should never be allowed to happen.

If places associated with tragedy wish to profit for any means other than educational, they need to be up front about their ancestors’ part in the suffering of innocents.

Changes such as this this would dissuade many tourists from buying the offending communities’ products.

This pertains specifically to places like Hollywood where celebrities have met tragic ends and were turned into a commodity (Levitt, 2010).

Death should never be used in such a way to make murder seem glamorous in any form.

(hokiefacs, 2007)

2011 hokiefacs 2007 John Keogh 2005 Levitt, L. (2010). Death on display: reifying stardom through Hollywood’s dark tourism. Velvet Light Trap: A Critical Journal of Film & Television, 65, 62–70. https:// doi.org/10.1353/vlt.0.0072 Robb, E. M. (2009). Violence and recreation: vacationing in the realm of dark tourism. Anthropology & Humanism, 34(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15481409.2009.01023.x Scarbrough, E. (2018). Visiting the ruins of Detroit: exploitation or cultural tourism? Journal of Applied Philosophy, 35(3), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/ japp.12237 Stone, P. (2016). Enlightening the “dark” in dark tourism.

Interpretation Journal, 21(2), 22–24. https:// search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=asn&AN=119450119&site =ehost-live&custid=s8879186 Star of David gripspix 2018 Ullrich, J. (2016). History through a happy lens. World War II, 30(5), 26–28. https://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx? direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=asn&AN=111081570&site =ehost-live

References Bartolini, F. (2018). From iconoclasm to museum: Mussolini’s villa in Rome as a dictatorial heritage site. Martor, 23, 163–173. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=asn&AN=132768282&sit e=ehost-live&custid=s8879186 Copeland, C. (2011). Madness and mayhem: the aesthetics of dark tourism. Afterimage, 39(1/2), 43–46. https:// doi.org/10.1525/aft.2011.39.1-2.43 Corsale, A. (2017). Jewish heritage tourism in Bucharest: reality and visions. Geographical Journal, 183(3), 261– 271. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12211

(DetroitDerek Photography ( ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ), 2011)

Name: Joshua Perrin Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: English Presenter(s): Joshua Perrin Project Mentor: Ann Bomberger Abstract Title: Dark Tourism, Marketing Injustice Abstract Submission: Historical tourism boosts the economy of communities and educates people. However, there are ethical questions that arise from profiting off the injustice of others. An example of this would be the Salem Witch Trials of Salem, Massachusetts with the deaths of many innocents, yet hundreds of thousands flock there every year to engage in the heritage of the city. Another example would be the Holocaust and the ideology of the Nazis that went unchecked in Germany till the end of WWII. These evil acts were committed, but Germany still receives incredible amounts of tourism. All profits then become irreverent.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

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Name: Tejita Rajbhandari Category: Engagement Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Computer and Information Science Presenter(s): Tejita Rajbhandari, Sinza Shrestha, Sydney Oyatta, Carley Sawyer, Katelyn Gourley Project Mentor: Stephen Frezza Abstract Title: STEMBot Learn-Build-Contribute Abstract Submission: Experience and research show that students learn better when STEM curricula is fun and engaging. BotDev’s outreach experiences led to the development of STEMBot, a fun, engaging, affordable, educational, multidisciplinary robot. Our senior design team is developing a full featured STEMBot platform along with curricula that dovetails with standard educational courses, a website application to foster community engagement, and products that can make the STEMBot easier and safer to construct, operate, and maintain. Our goal is to provide teachers with accessible learning materials which provide fundamental knowledge to help build their students’ confidence in STEM.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Engagement

GRADUATE ENGAGEMENT POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Engagement

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Benjamin Ady, Luke Walter & Abigail Quinn

The Efficacy of Outpatient Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction

ady001, walter010,quinn023

Abstract Cardiovascular remodeling is the most significant effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation via improvements via alleviating endothelial dysfunction by dilating coronary vessels (Ribeiro et al. 2010). The Patient arrived at St Vincent cardiac rehabilitation six weeks postCoronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG). The Patient completed 25(3x a week for 8wks) sessions of cardiac rehabilitation, consisting of aerobic training and strength training prescription and programming using principles of exercise training! Cardiac rehabilitation has shown to; reduce mortality risk by 14-28% (Bethell et al.2009) improve blood lipid profiles (Taylor et al. 2006), increase education about CVD risk factors, improve psychological well being (McGrady et al.2009) reduce ejection fraction, end-systolic and diastolic volume whilst reversing skeletal muscle dysfunction (Belardinelli et al. 1996; Vigorito & Giallauria, 2014).

1st session (15mins of exercise) Pre exercise

Max HR

Max BP

80

110/68

Modality METs

Intensity Duration -

-

Recum- 2.7 bent bike

44Watts 5min

110/68

Treadmill 2.7

2.2@2% 5min

89

N/A

Upright Bike

44Watts 5min

91

124/72

76

102/60

2.7

Post Exercise

Session 25 (41mins of exercise) Pre exercise

Methods The patient underwent 25 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation; exercised three times a week for eight weeks, initial exercise time was 15 minutes by session 25 patients increased exercise time to 40 minutes (a 2.5x fold increase). The exercise was predominately cardio, with some resistance training and balance work to increase core strength and balance to improve gait. The exercise physiologist set a workload range between below 80%/85% of HRmax (220-age(x0.8/0.85)) if a patient were working too little or too hard, the patients were encouraged to slow down/increased speed. At the end of the week patient’s exercise prescription was monitored to maintain exercise prescription using principles of exercise training such as progressive overload. The patient also received education and counselling of sound nutritional practices, was evaluated using a depression scale every 30-days. This is essential to increasing patients’ quality of life

Patient Outcomes

Exercise Prescription, EKG Strips & Vitals

80

Max HR

Max BP

76(-4BPM)

110/64 (-4 Diastolic)

Modality METs

Intensity Duration -

-

Treadmill 4.6

3.4 @ 2%

20min

130

N/A

NuStep

Level 7

10min

114

N/A

129

N/A

97

114/70

6.2

Treadmill 7.9

4.5mph 6min (jog) 0%

Post exercise

Discussion The patient entered cardiac rehabilitation at Saint Vincent outpatient under the supervision of an Exercise Physiologist and two Registered Nurses, four weeks post coronary artery bypass graft procedure, as ordered by the patient’s Cardiologist. The patient was also prescribed a beta-blocker (Metoprolol), by session 25 the patient was no longer prescribed a betablocker, which shows just how effective cardiac rehabilitation is. As standard cardiac rehabilitation practice, patients were weighed using a stadiometer (Seca 286 High Capacity Scale with Sonar Stadiometer; Germany). After this, the patient’s resting blood pressure taken manually via a stethoscope (Littman 3m, USA) and blood pressure cuff (5098-30 Welch Allyn DS66 Trigger Aneroid; USA) after this patient was then hooked up to a three-lead ECG telemonitoring system (Versa Care and Inovovo, Scott Care; Cleveland USA).

Initial Weight (lbs) 202

30day 207

60day 215

Goals 195

BMI Exercise Frequency MET Level Exercise Time Calories (burned) Resting BP

27.4 0

28.4 3

29.2 3

26.4 4x a week

2.7 15

5.1 40min

7.9 40min

6 40min

64.5

332

554

372

124/74

-

110/64

-

Patient completed 25/36(69%) exercise sessions which is below medical adherence. Patient ceased treatment due to spending winter in Florida, where on follow up from the Nurses indicated that he continued to exercise. However the patient made remarkable improvements in his cardiovascular health, reducing his resting systolic BP –14mmHG and diastolic 10mmHg. The patient also increased his exercise time from 1540mins(+25mins) and his frequency of exercise from (0 to 3) The patient increased his maximal MET level from an initial 2.7 to 7.9(+5.2MET)The patient did increase weight, but I would argue that this was increase in lean muscle mass, I believe a skinfold assessment would have confirmed this.

References Belardinelli, R., Georgiou, D., Cianci, G., & Purcaro, A. (1996). Effects of exercise training on left ventricular filling at rest and during exercise in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. American Heart Journal, 132(1), 61-70.

Bethell, H., Lewin, R., & Dalal, H. (2009). Cardiac rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. Heart, 95(4), 271-275 McGrady, A., McGinnis, R., Badenhop, D., Bentle, M., & Rajput, M. (2009).

Effects of depression and anxiety on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation.

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 29(6), 358-364.

Ribeiro, F., Alves, A. J., Duarte, J. A., & Oliveira, J. (2010). Is exercise training an effective therapy targeting endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall inflammation?. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(3), 214-221.

Taylor, R. S., Unal, B., Critchley, J. A., & Capewell, S. (2006). Mortality reductions in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements?. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 13(3), 369-374.

Vigorito, C., & Giallauria, F. (2014). Effects of exercise on cardiovascular performance in the elderly. Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 51.

Name: Benjamin Ady Category: Engagement Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Applied Sport and Exercise Science Presenter(s): Benjamin Ady, Luke Walters, Abigail Quinn Project Mentor: Kory Stauffer Abstract Title: The efficacy of outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation following myocardial infarction Abstract Submission: Cardiovascular remodeling is the most significant effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation via improvements via alleviating endothelial dysfunction by dilating coronary vessels (Ribeiro et al. 2010). The Patient arrived at St Vincent cardiac rehabilitation six weeks postCoronary Artery Bypass Graft(CABG). The Patient completed 25(3x a week for 8wks) sessions of cardiac rehabilitation, consisting of aerobic training and strength training prescription and programming using principles of exercise training! Cardiac rehabilitation has shown to; reduce mortality risk by 14-28% (Bethell et al.2009) improve blood lipid profiles(Taylor et al. 2006), increase education about CVD risk factors, improve psychological well being(McGrady et al.2009) reduce ejection fraction, end-systolic and diastolic volume whilst reversing skeletal muscle dysfunction (Belardinelli et al.

1996; Vigorito & Giallauria, 2014).ReferenceBelardinelli, R., Georgiou, D., Cianci, G., & Purcaro, A. (1996). Effects of exercise training on left ventricular filling at rest and during exercise in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. American Heart Journal, 132(1), 61-70.Bethell, H., Lewin, R., & Dalal, H. (2009). Cardiac rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. Heart, 95(4), 271-275McGrady, A., McGinnis, R., Badenhop, D., Bentle, M., & Rajput, M. (2009). Effects of depression and anxiety on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 29(6), 358-364.Ribeiro, F., Alves, A. J., Duarte, J. A., & Oliveira, J. (2010). Is exercise training an effective therapy targeting endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall inflammation?. International Journal of Cardiology, 141(3), 214-221.Taylor, R. S., Unal, B., Critchley, J. A., & Capewell, S. (2006). Mortality reductions in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements?. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 13(3), 369-374.Vigorito, C., & Giallauria, F. (2014). Effects of exercise on cardiovascular performance in the elderly. Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 51.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Engagement

The Effectiveness of Anaerobic Training on the Gannon Football Team

The equipment we used was minimal . We were stationed over in the Human Performance Lab in the Rec and Wellness Center. The only equipment of use was the a standard treadmill, the larger treadmill (for the larger athletes, and a stopwatch.

Off Season Training

Protocol

Trey Hall

Abstract

Participants/ Equipment Our participants included all of the 2019-2020 Gannon football roster.

The participants all were aged 18-25 and those who participated were healthy . We had some athletes pre test and then suffer from injury so they could not contribute in the post test results/data . Also participants who changed their testing speed were not included in the results.

Cory Hegedus

Results Pre-test

Post-Test

Purpose: The purpose of this engagement was to see if the training methods implemented during off-season conditioning were effective in improving anaerobic conditioning in Gannon’s Football Team. Football predominantly focuses on the ATP-PC and Anaerobic Glycolysis Energy Systems. Methods: 45 players on Gannon’s Football team performed an anaerobic treadmill pre and post test to see if the off-season training program was effective in improving those test scores. Their current training program includes three full body workouts a week and two days of running. Their running is based on station work and sprints where we keep their work to rest ratios at 1:3 and 1:4. The post anaerobic treadmill test was performed after 5 weeks of their training program. Results: 42 of the 45 (93.3%) football players improved their anaerobic treadmill test scores. Quarterbacks, running backs, offensive line, kickers, linebackers and defensive back positions were 27 out of 27 (100%) for improvement in their test scores. The wide receivers were 4 out of 5 (80%), tight ends were 2 out of 3 (66%), defensive line were 9 out of 10 (90%) for improvement in their test scores.

To be included in these results, the players had to run a pre and post anaerobic treadmill test and at the same speed for both test and had to have completed the off-season training program. Conclusion: Based off the percentage on total increase in the football team, we conclude that the training program has been effective in increasing anaerobic treadmill test performance.

Post Test Color Key: No Color: Athlete did not improve their score Gold: Athlete improved from pre to post test.

Grey: Injured and did not complete a test Blue or light blue: They changed their testing speed Orange: Were injured and did not complete pre test

Conclusion

In conclusion, we were able to see some improvement by most of the athletes that participated. This is not considered a research study, just because not enough factors were controlled. This was simply to see if our anaerobic conditioning program was relatively effective, and is more of a case study. This type of testing can also be used in the future for the Gannon football team to see if their training method is effective in improving anerobic conditioning. Something we could have done differently was have two different workouts. Have half the team perform workout 1 and the other half do workout 2. Then we could have compared the test scores to see which program is the most beneficial at improving the anaerobic capacity of the athletes. If anyone has any questions I encourage you to reach out to either of us via email: hegedus002@gannon.edu or hall072@gannon.edu. We thank everyone for their time!

The Gannon football team lifted Monday, Wednesday and Friday and ran Tuesday and Thursdays. The lifting program was a hypertrophy program that transitioned to strength and power toward to the end of the off-season.

The primary focus of this study was on the anaerobic glycolysis system so we focused on the running program. The athletes completed station work and conditioning after the station work. The work to rest ratios we used were 1:3 and 1:4. The athletes were grouped into 6 teams that went through the stations with a coach monitoring the work to rest ratios. At the completion of the running program, the athletes than retested their anaerobic treadmill test.

References

Argus, C. K., Gill, N., Keogh, J., Hopkins, W. G., & Beaven, C. M. (2010). Effects of a short-term pre-season training programme on the body composition and anaerobic performance of professional rugby union players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(6), 679–686. doi: 10.1080/02640411003645695 Berg, K. (1982). Exercise Physiology Corner: Anaerobic Conditioning: Training the Three Energy Systems. National Strength Coaches Association Journal, 4(1), 48. doi: 10.1519/0199-610x(1982)004<0048:acttte>2.3.co;2 Plisk, S. S. (1991). Anaerobic Metabolic Conditioning. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 5(1), 22–34. doi: 10.1519/00124278-199102000-00005 Sporis, G., Ruzic, L., & Leko, G. (2008). The Anaerobic Endurance of Elite Soccer Players Improved After a High-Intensity Training Intervention in the 8-Week Conditioning Program. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 559–566. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181660401 Zagatto, A. M., Beck, W. R., & Gobatto, C. A. (2009). Validity of the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test for Assessing Anaerobic Power and Predicting Short-Distance Performances. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1820–1827. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b3df32

Name: Trey Hall Category: Engagement Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Applied Sport and Exercise Science Presenter(s): Trey Hall, Cory Hegedus Project Mentor: Kory Stauffer Abstract Title: The Effectiveness of Gannon Football Training on Anaerobic System Abstract Submission: The purpose of this engagement was to see if the training methods implemented during off-season conditioning were effective in improving anaerobic conditioning in Gannon’s Football Team. Football predominantly focuses on the ATP-PC and Anaerobic Glycolysis Energy Systems.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Engagement

11

Blood Lactate Levels in Collegiate Swimmers

Mckenna Haskins Haskins004@gannon.edu Protocol

Introduction The Gannon University Men’s and Women’s Swim Team were used to test blood lactate levels in collegiate swimmers. 27 members of the team participated in the data collection. A resting blood lactate level, a post warm up level, and a post anaerobic sprint level were measured in each participant. The warm up and anaerobic test remained consistent for all members. Each swimmer swam 100 yards sprint freestyle as their anaerobic test. Each swimmer defined themselves as either a sprinter, mid-distance swimmer, or distance swimmer. The expectation was that the sprint swimmers would have a higher post anaerobic test blood lactate level than the distance swimmers.

Participants: The Gannon University Men’s and Women’s Swim Team 27 total participants 12 male 15 female Ages: 18-24 



Methods:

Expectation Sprint swimmers will have a higher post-test blood lactate level than distance swimmers.

Findings

Future Considerations These findings can be taken into consideration when planning yearly training for individual swimmers. Some swimmers tend to swim multiple events. By measuring blood lactate levels we could predict if that swimmer should choose a sprint event or a distance event. If this study were to be repeated, I would suggest doing this test two times throughout the swim season. Once before the season starts and then again at the end of the season. It would be interesting to see how/if different types of training would impact the blood lactate levels throughout the year.

Blood Lactate Levels







20





Blood Lactate Levels

All swimmers showed an increase in blood lactate levels post 100 yard swim. Swimmers who defined themselves as sprinters had higher blood lactate levels than those who defined themselves as distance swimmers. The bar graph shows the post anaerobic measures in green. You can see how the green is much higher in every participants. The highest green bar was the measure of a sprinter.

A lancet and a blood lactate analyzer were used to measure each participants’ blood lactate levels. Three measures were taken: a resting level, a post warm-up level, and a post anaerobic test level.

A resting measure was taken first followed by a post warm up measure. The warm up was kept consistent for all participants.

The warm up was as follows: 4x200 swim, kick, IM, build.

2x100 long walls 4x75’s IM or Stroke 6x50’s descend 8x25’s easy, fast, fast easy Each swimmer then completed a 100 yard maximal effort freestyle swim. A final measure was taken immediately after the anaerobic test.

15 Resting BL

10

Post Warm-Up

5 0

Post Anerobic Test 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 Number of Participants

References Agaoglu, S., Tasmektepligil, M., Atan, T., Tutkun, E., & Hazar, F.

(2010). Effects of two months training on blood lactate levels in adolescent swimmers. Biology of Sport, 27(2), 135–141. doi: 10.5604/20831862.913081 Arabas, C., Mayhew, J. L., Hudgins, P. M., & Bond, G. H. (1987).

Relationships among work rates, heart rates, and blood lactate levels in female swimmers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 27(3).

Bonifazi, M., Martelli, G., Marugo, L., Sardella, F., & Carli, G. (1993). Blood Lactate Accumulation in Top Level Swimmers Following Competition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33(1).

Green, M., Hornsby, J., Pritchett, R., & Pritchett, K. (2014). Lactate Threshold Comparison in Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Athletes

Name: Mckenna Haskins Category: Engagement Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Masters of Sport and Exercise Science Presenter(s): Mckenna Haskins Project Mentor: Cory Stauffer Abstract Title: Blood Lactate Levels in Collegiate Swimmers Abstract Submission: Topic: Blood Lactate Levels in Collegiate SwimmersThe Gannon University Men’s and Women’s Swim Team were used to test blood lactate levels in collegiate swimmers. 27 members of the team participated in the data collection. A resting blood lactate level, a post warm up level, and a post anaerobic sprint level were measured in each participant. The warm up and anaerobic test remained consistent for all members. Each swimmer swam 100 yards sprint freestyle as their anaerobic test. Each swimmer defined themselves as either a sprinter, mid-distance swimmer, or distance swimmer. The expectation was that the sprint swimmers would have a higher post anaerobic test blood lactate level than the distance swimmers.

12

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Engagement

Improving Blood Sugar and Cardiac Health by Education: Cooking Classes and Recipe Cards ABSTRACT:

According to the Center for Disease Control, (CDC), states that 1 in 3 Americans have high cholesterol (2020). Furthermore, the CDC states that currently there are 34 million children and adults with diabetes.

Cardiovascular health complications and diabetes may be caused by high blood sugar from consumption of large amounts of grains, sugar, and milk sugars in combination with fats that are man- made (Westman, 2007).

To reduce health complications, patients can be educated thru cooking classes and recipe cards to consume lower glycemic load foods in combination with proper fiber, protein, and healthy fats (Gropper, 2018). Therefore, developing recipe cards, cardiac and diabetic patients can improve their health through cooking.

lariccia006@gannon.edu

GOAL:

IT IS TIME TO TRY SOMETHING DIFFERENT: The average American consumes an average 1996.3 lbs. of food per year. By changing just this factor, many conditions can be improved or prevented with proper nutrition education.

METHODS:

Develop Immunity Foods list for Channel 12 news/ Saint Vincent Create Daily Meal plan including MY Plate for Immunity Recipe creation and sharing with Internship heads Listening to patients’ concerns of how to lower triglycerides and lower blood sugar while still enjoying delicious foods ▪ Previous teaching experience ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Permission granted by Dr. Westman

Simple recipes Easy to find ingredients Small group cooking education Recipe cards to take home for future replication ▪ Reducing unnecessary calories and improving nutrient content from restaurant and premade food to preparing at home.

▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

CONCLUSION:

By providing nutrition and cooking education, patients can be empowered to reduce triglycerides and blood sugar while cooking delicious food for themselves and their families. The goal of the project was to help people reduce both triglycerides and blood sugar while preventing other health issues to stemming from uncontrolled blood sugar.

REFERENCES:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

American are cooking less for the following reasons: • Time pressed • Feel Ill equipped • More varied options for eating out

Julie Lariccia

STUDY: One of many studies showing a lower carbohydrate diet that contain a variety of high fiber veggies, nuts and seeds, lower sugar fruits, healthy fats, meat and some dairy products can reduce triglycerides & blood sugar. Using this information for recipe creation.

1.Feinman, R. D., Pogozelski, W. K., Astrup, A., Bernstein, R. K., Fine, E. J., Westman, E. C., … Worm, N. (2014, July 16). Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900714003 323 2..Get the Facts: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Consumption.

(2017, February 27). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/data-statistics/sugar-sweetenedbeverages-intake.html 3.Gropper, S. A. S., Smith, J. L., & Carr, T. P. (2018). Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Australia: Cengage Learning.

4.National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. (2020, February 11).

Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/diabetes-statreport.html 5.Westman, C, E., Feinman, D, R., C, J., Vernon, … D, S. (2007, August 1). Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/86/2/276/4633078

Name: Julie Lariccia Category: Engagement Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Applied Sport and Exercise Science Presenter(s): Julie Lariccia Project Mentor: Kory Stauffer Abstract Title: Improving Blood Sugar and Cardiac Health by Education: Cooking Classes and Recipe Cards Abstract Submission: According to the Center for Disease Control, (CDC), states that 1 in 3 Americans have high cholesterol .

Furthermore, the CDC states that currently there are 34 million children and adults with diabetes. Cardiovascular health complications and diabetes may be caused by high blood sugar from consumption of large amounts of grains, sugar, and milk sugars in combination with fats that are man- made . To reduce health complications, patients can be educated thru cooking classes and recipe cards to consume lower glycemic load foods in combination with proper fiber, protein, and healthy fats . Therefore, developing recipe cards, cardiac and diabetic patients can improve their health through cooking.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Engagement

13

UNDERGRADUATE FINE ARTS PRESENTATION

14

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Fine Arts

Sweet like Peaches He was sweet like Peaches.

Every touch was magical.

I thought I was dreaming, he was good to me.

He ran his fingers through my hair and kissed the apple of my cheeks.

I smiled, wishing for this day to never end.

He was sweet like Peaches.

And I was sour like candy.

Love wasn’t my forte.

I couldn’t let him in, knowing I had to be strong in order to not get hurt.

I was sour like candy But it was the kind of candy he graved.

His taste buds were melting at the taste of candy I was.

I was bitter like the strawberries he ate at my kitchen table.

But he liked it because I wasn’t normal.

I was a struggle that he kept every day.

Some say we weren’t meant to be but then again, sweet and sour go together,

like Pineapple on Pizza.

Name: Nicole Clement Category: Fine Arts Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: English Presenter(s): Nicole Clement Project Mentor: Katherine Zlabek Abstract Title: Sweet Like Peaches Abstract Submission:

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Fine Arts

15

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS

16

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Name: Alexa Littman Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): Alexa Littman, Kyle Shank Project Mentor: Pezhman Hassanpour Abstract Title: Design of Spectrophotometric Biosensor Abstract Submission: Our project is designing a working spectrophotometer using Autodesk Fusion360, 3D printing, and ESP32 microcontroller technologies. A spectrophotometer is a machine used to measure the transmittance of light through a material, most commonly a liquid. We will be using the spectrophotometer to measure the transmittance of red, green, and blue light through different samples of colored liquids. Our spectrophotometerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ESP32 microcontroller is programmed using Arduino software in which we are writing a code to condense the numbers found through experimental trials. We plan to pursue further tests on biomaterials to determine various concentrations and apply these results in real-world situations.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

17

Name: Peter Caulfield Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Industrial Engineering Presenter(s): Peter Caulfield Project Mentor: Ikechukwu Ohu Abstract Title: Hurst-Exponent-Based Differentiation Between Novice and Expert Providers in Endotracheal Intubation Abstract Submission: To date, there is no objective measure for assessing the proficiency of a healthcare provider in performing endotracheal intubation (ETI). To discern such a measure, motion data, collected from novice and expert ETI providers, was analyzed.

Hurst exponent values were calculated for the data from each participant and compared. For the expert providers, characteristic patterns may be seen, while there does not seem to be any pattern for novices. These observed variations provide a quantitative basis for proficiency tests in endotracheal intubation.

18

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Name: Steven Brue Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Psychology Presenter(s): Steven Brue, Almeshari, Peter Riddle Project Mentor: Luke Rosielle Abstract Title: The relationship between expressive writing and performance on a cognitive load task Abstract Submission: Expressive writing can improve performance in several different and seemingly unrelated domains (Shen, 2018).

For example, expressive writing will lower test anxiety and improve test performance in individuals taking a standardized test (Shen, 2018). However, there is little research into whether expressive writing improves performance on a cognitive load task. The purpose of the current research is to determine if there is a relationship between expressive writing and cognitive load performance. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; one was given a neutral writing assignment and the other was given an expressive writing assignment. Both groups completed a Stroop test as a measure of cognitive load. I hypothesize the expressive writing-group would perform better on the Stroop task than the neutral-writing group.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

19

Name: Desirae Fledderman Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Chemistry Presenter(s): Desirae Fledderman, Valerie Shaffer Project Mentor: Matthew Heerboth Abstract Title: Detection and Quantification of Toxic Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids in Black Salve Alternative Skin Cancer Treatments Abstract Submission: Black salve products are commonly marketed to consumers as alternative cures for skin cancer. These products have existed since the 19th century and remain readily available online despite no scientific evidence of their effectiveness. It is illegal to market black salve as a cancer treatment in the United States. The chemical compositions of black salve products are not provided by the manufacturers and there are little data available regarding their safety. They are often a mixture of bloodroot (the rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis), zinc chloride and additional plant extracts. Sanguinarine, a compound known to be biologically active, is the major benzophenanthridine constituent that can be obtained from bloodroot. Sanguinarine is known to cause severe degradation of biological tissue, affecting skin in a similar manner to a severe burn. Other benzophenanthridine constituents present in bloodroot include chelerythrine, sanguilutine, chelilutine, sanguirubine, and chelirubine. Although some constituents are known, a comprehensive chemical analysis of black salve products has never been conducted. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that has been used to detect and quantify sanguinarine and numerous other benzophenanthridine compounds from a variety of sample matrices. A method has been developed using LC-MS with selected ion monitoring to detect sanguinarine at concentrations of 0.1-100 ppm. Extracts from several black salve products will be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively via LC-MS for the presence of sanguinarine. A full spectrum LC-MS method will also be used to detect additional benzophenanthridine alkaloids present in the extracts.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

21

Water Quality and its Effects on the Development of Downtown Erie

Natalee Stinebiser stinebis001@gannon.edu

Overview

Effects of Water Quality on Erie

In order for Erie’s revitalization to be successful in the long term, the city must invest in the water system and pollution management, adopt and enforce regulations to protect its water quality, and educate the local community on the importance of Lake Erie.

•

•

Lake Erie’s Water Adversities

A study called “The Economic Impact of the Great Lakes Restorative Initiative” cited Erie as one of the eight cities that have been positively impacted by the investment. In this study, environmental benefits along with economic impacts were shown (Erie Times News, 2018). These include: encouragement of waterfront development, an increase in water-based recreational activities, more support in tourism-based jobs, and park attendance growth (Erie Times News, 2018).

As Erie focuses on protecting its water quality, the city is also ensuring the progression of revitalization initiatives in the downtown and waterfront zones. This is proven throughout other cities worldwide, like Toronto and Chicago (Arcadis, 2018).

•

•

•

•

(Mead, 2016).

Revitalization Initiatives •

•

•

•

•

Lake Erie is essential in the efforts to stimulate economic growth within the region. For instance, Presque Isle State Park generates approximately 4 million tourists that spend nearly $77 million annually (Great Lakes Restoration, 2017).

Erie has seen the tourism and recreation industry grow dramatically from year to year, increasing from $454 million in 2002 to more than $1 billion in 2016 (Martin, 2018).

Recently, the 2030 Districts Network was established as a special designation for cities to commit to creating a sustainable future and improving economic development throughout the world (2030 Districts Network, n.d.). As of November 2019, Erie was named as the 24th 2030 district in the world, alongside cities such as New York City and Philadelphia (YourErie, 2019).

Organizations from around Erie, like the Erie Downtown Partnership and the Erie Downtown Development Corporation, are creating city developmental plans to revitalize the downtown area.

Scott Enterprises is finishing up construction on its newest addition to the Bayfront: a 95-room Hampton Inn & Suites hotel (Martin, 2020).

All these plans have outlined the benefits that they would bring to Erie. However, these plans are not considering the water quality of the asset that is essential to the city: Lake Erie.

(NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, 2014).

(Costal Care, 2016).

Adoption of Regulations

Investment in Water •

•

•

•

Throughout history, cities have an improvement in prosperity and the economy only after addressing the issue of water quality (Arcadis, 2018).

Many benchmark cities around the world, such as Boston, New York City, and Toronto, have seen a significant difference when they invested in the water system and pollution management (Arcadis, 2018). Water quality and sustainability improved dramatically when Boston invested in treatments with some of the problems the city was facing, particularly wastewater (Arcadis, 2018).

Erie is struggling economically, even being named as one of the poorest zip codes in the Pennsylvania and can benefit greatly by protecting and investing in one of its main sources of income—Lake Erie (Erie Times News, 2018).

Despite the large upfront costs it takes to invest in the water system and implement pollution management, cities that are facing urbanization must make large investments to improve overall water quality for its area including cities like Erie (Arcadis, 2018).

•

•

•

Due to there being few regulations regarding runoff from big farms, Lake Erie has become polluted with primarily nonpoint sources especially from agricultural runoff (Alliance for the Great Lakes, 2016).

City officials need to push the state to enforce water protection from agricultural runoff.

When water regulations are adopted and enforced, Lake Erie will see a decrease in pollutants, like the algal blooms, and ensure clean water for the families that live within the region (Alliance for the Great Lakes, 2016).

According to environmentalists around the region, water quality of Lake Erie will not improve without regulations on industries that produce runoff like big farming (Sewer, 2020). Holding these industries accountable is key in protecting Lake Erie and encouraging waterfront development along Presque Isle Bay.

Education of Public •

•

•

In order to alleviate the issues that Lake Erie is facing, the Erie community needs to become educated on the water issues that the city is undergoing. The residents of the city need to become aware of the effects that they have on the lake, and how they can help to mitigate these problems.

Outreach and collaboration with organizations around the city is crucial in informing the Erie community about the importance of utilizing Lake Erie to the city’s benefit.

By providing education on water quality, people are more inclined to advocate for change. When people are informed on how human activity influences water quality, communities can move towards replacing contamination with waterfriendly practices.

•

•

Because of environmental issues that Lake Erie is facing, major industries in the region such as tourism, recreation, and fishing are in jeopardy without taking steps toward improving Lake Erie’s water quality.

Compared to the rest of the Great Lakes, Lake Erie faces the most exposure to activities such as industrialization, urbanization, and agriculture (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

Its watershed is highly populated, making up one-third of the residents of the Great Lakes basin (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.). Rapid urbanization overwhelms the water infrastructure leading to issues like insufficient treatment and plans (Arcadis, 2018).

Due to the shallowness of Lake Erie, the lake is more susceptible to pollutants and is impacted at a higher degree than the other Great Lakes (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

Recently, algal blooms have begun to infest the waters of Lake Erie. These are caused by urbanization, agricultural runoff, and poor nutrient management (Alliance for the Great Lakes, 2016).

Algal blooms have led to the closure of beaches along with the prohibition of recreational activities like fishing and swimming, all of which are essential to Erie’s economy (Alliance of the Great Lakes, 2016 & Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

Additionally, other negative impacts include the creation of “dead zones”, health hazards, loss of aesthetic conditions, and declining waterfront property values (Alliance for the Great Lakes, 2016 & Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

Urban and stormwater runoff as well as nonpoint pollution have been associated with the bacteria that has caused many of the beach closures around Lake Erie (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

Out of all of the Great Lakes, Lake Erie has the highest amount of effluent received from sewage treatment plans (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.). If not treated properly, excessive pollutants will infect the water leading to a restriction in water recreation and consumption (United States Geological Survey, n.d.).

benefits-of-great-lakes-restorationReferences Alliance for the Great Lakes. (2016, Au- initiative-benefit-erie Great Lakes Restoration. (2017). Great gust 22). Lake Erie algae blooms: Polluting our drinking water. Alliance for Lakes Restoration at work in Pennsylvathe Great Lakes. https://greatlakes.org/ nia. Great Lakes Commission des Grands Lacs. https://www.glc.org/wpcampaigns/lake-erie-algae-blooms/ Arcadis. (2018). Sustainable cities index. content/uploads/2017/03/GLCPennsylvania-GLRI-Fact-Sheet-2017https://www.arcadis.com/en/unitedFinal-20170303.pdf states/our-perspectives/sustainable-

NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab. (2014). [A satellite image Coastal Care. (2016). [Presque Isle]. showing algal blooms in Lake Erie in Auhttps://coastalcare.org/2016/11/ presque-isle-lake-eerie-pennsylvania-by gust 2014]. https://radio.wosu.org/ -orrin-h-pilkey-norma-longo-nicholas- post/should-lake-erie-have-legal-rightstoledo-voters-will-decide#stream/0 school-of-the-environment-dukeuniversity/ Martin, J. (2018, August 15). Tourism a $1 billion annual business in Erie counErie Times News. (2018, January 29). ty. Erie Times News. https:// Study: Erie’s 16501 is state’s poorest www.goerie.com/news/20180814/ ZIPcode. Erie Times News. https:// tourism-1-billion-annual-business-inwww.goerie.com/news/20180129/ study-eries-16501-is-states-poorest-zip- erie-county cities-index-2018/united-states/

Martin, J. (2020, February 16). Hotel nears completion on Erie’s bayfront.

Erie Times News. (2018, October 2).

Erie Times News. https:// Study: Economic benefits of Great Lakes www.goerie.com/business/20200216/ Restoration Initiative benefit Erie. Erie hotel-nears- completion-on-eriesTimes News. https://www.goerie.com/ bayfront news/20181002/study-economiccode

Mead, M. (2016, February 26). [Erie, PA waterfront]. https:// www.youtube.com/watch? v=ASKQ_F1pv44 Seewer, J. (2020, February 24). Environmentalist: Lake Erie won’t recover without new rules. Great Lakes Now. https:// www.greatlakesnow.org/2020/02/apohio-epa-lake-erie-total-maximum-daily -load/ United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Lake Erie.https:// www.epa.gov/greatlakes/lake-erie United States Geological Survey. (n.d.).

Wastewater treatment water use. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/ water-science-school/science/ wastewater-treatment-water-use?qtscience_center_objects=0#qtscience_center_objects YourErie. (2019, November 5). Erie officially designated as Established 2030 district. https://www.yourerie.com/ news/local-news/erie-officiallydesignated-as-established-2030district/

Name: Natalee Stinebiser Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Honors Presenter(s): Natalee Stinebiser Project Mentor: Ann Bomberger Abstract Title: Water Quality and its Effects on the Development of Downtown Erie Abstract Submission: Water is the key component to sustainable urbanization, and it is critical to protect the water system from dangerous pollutants. Cities around the world, like Boston and New York City, have started to invest in efficient water systems and practices to shield their body of water. However, Erie has failed to follow suit. Consequently, Lake Erie is showing the repercussions of not curbing pollutants. One of the devastating effects includes the recurring algal blooms that have forced beaches of Presque Isle to close periodically. Erie has been undergoing many different developmental plans in hopes of revitalizing the downtown area, including upgrades in the Bayfront regions. Areas like this are essential to the local economy, which bring in a little over two billion dollars in tourism annually. Several organizations involved in city development are using the beauty of the Bayfront to their advantage. For example, Scott Enterprises is constructing a 95-room Hampton Inn & Suites hotel. However, these plans are not considering the quality of Erie’s greatest asset, Lake Erie.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Environmental Policies from Leading Countries: Should the United States Develop New Policies?

Introduction Since the 2010s, European countries have been making the switch to “go green” with new laws and environmental policies. Two European countries that stand out amongst others are Germany and France. France has created a set of laws under the framework Grenelle II Law (Atwill). Meanwhile Germany has a political party, the German Green party (GGP), actively fighting for and creating new laws. The increase in developed countries becoming more environmentally sound has led to the United States falling behind (Ball 2015). There are developing countries that have better recycling rates than the United States. The United States should adopt new environmental policies like Congress’s Green New Deal because the disproportionate carbon footprint left by the nation is already steadily surpassing that of European countries.

France In 2010 France created the framework, Grenelle II Law, that created six different titles.

Title I Buildings and Urban Planning Atwil says that “energy consumption is to be reduced by 38% in 2020” Title II Transport This title encourages use of public transport and offers incentives for hybrid or e-car usage. It also provides laws that will improve public transport like buses and subways.

Title III Energy and Climate Companies provide information about the negative environmental effects of their products, this gives consumers more information about what they are buying.

Title IV Biodiversity France is one of the few countries that focuses on ecosystems.

This title reduces chemical pollution and works to keep water clean.

Title V Risks, Health, Wastes Provides waste management bills to reduce landfills and greenhouse gases.

Title VI Governance Production companies give details about the life cycle of their product and the packaging (Atwill 2010).

Germany In the past 10 years Germany has gone completely green.

Germany has had several different areas improved upon, these include: infrastructure and transportation. (Buehler 2011).

German infrastructure has changed to adapt as a way of aiding the environment. The different buildings provide stormwater management and contain “green roofs” which can be called vertical gardens (Buehler 2011).

The government has also focused on transportation and creating more sustainability.

This is created with taxes on gasoline and also a tax on car sales. Germany has a gasoline tax three times the amount of that in the United States (Buehler 2011).

“Tax the bads, not the goods,” is a German slogan for taxing activities that promote a clean environment (10 things Germany is 2018).

The German government encourages the use of e-cars and bicycles throughout the city, offering incentives to people who use them. Citizens have now moved in favor of public transportation and limiting the cars on the road (10 things Germany is 2018).

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The Future The overall global temperature is set to break the two degree barrier by 2040.

The two degree barrier is what keeps the ecosystems from rapid decline due to irregular weather patterns.

Only ⅓ of the coal, oil, and gas reserves can be used to avoid the two degree barrier.

Air pollution in China is set to keep increasing, this is causing anger throughout the middle class and shifting the power dynamic of the government. (Ball 2015).

The globe shows how February 2020 held some of the warmest temperatures on record (De Liberto 2020).

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The United States In 2014, under the Obama administration, there were plans to reduce 26% of greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2025.

The Trump administration and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have taken back this promise.

The Keystone XL Pipeline had been a fight between the government and environmental activists for years.

The pipeline was built as a way to transfer oil to the United States from Canada (Ball 2015).

The United States offered incentives for solar power panels, but these incentives were not deemed quality and were phased out by 2016.

The United States spends 30% of the money gained from nonrenewable power tax credits on costs not related to environmental care.

The Trump administration is now planning a 31% budget cut to the EPA (Hertsgaard 2017).

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Green New Deal Started by Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Holden calls the Green New Deal a proposal to combat climate change.

It plans to make the United States carbon neutral in ten years (Holden 2019).

The Green New Deal has several impacts and effects: Cleans of hazardous waste sites Establishes clean water acts Cuts down greenhouse gas emissions Makes public infrastructure more efficient (Holden 2019).

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References Atwill, Nicole. “Global Legal Monitor.” France: Law on National Commitment for the Environment | Global Legal Monitor ,12 Aug. 2010, www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/france-law-on-national-commitment-for-theenvironment/.

Ball, Jeffrey. 2015. “Facing the Truth about Climate Change.” New Republic 246 (1): 24–29. https:// search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=asn&AN=100757431&site=ehost-live.

Buehler, Ralph, et al. “How Germany Became Europe's Green Leader: A Look at Four Decades of Sustainable Policymaking.” The Solutions Journal, www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/how-germany-became-europes-green-leader-alook-at-four-decades-of-sustainable-policymaking/.

De Liberto, Tom. “Winter and February 2020 End as Second Warmest on Record for the Globe: NOAA Climate.gov.”

Winter and February 2020 End as Second Warmest on Record for the Globe | NOAA Climate.gov, 16 Mar. 2020, www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/winter-and-february-2020-end-second-warmest-record-globe.

Hertsgaard, Mark. “Climate’s Trump Card.” Nation 304, no. 13 (April 17, 2017): 4–8. https://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=asn&AN=122341109&site=ehost-live.

Holden, Emily. “What Is the Green New Deal and How Would It Benefit Society?” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 11 Feb. 2019, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/feb/11/green-new-deal-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-edmarkey.

“10 Things Germany Is Doing for the Environment.” Deutschland.de, 23 May 2018, www.deutschland.de/en/topic/ environment/10-things-germany-is-doing-for-the-environment.

Name: Addison Price Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Honors Presenter(s): Addison Price Project Mentor: Ann Bomberger Abstract Title: Environmental policies from leading countries: Should the United States develop new policies?

Abstract Submission: The United States has the potential to be a leading force in environmental care. Since the early 2010s, several European countries have committed to combating climate change and cutting down greenhouse gas emissions. For example, Germany has created a new framework of laws dedicated to minimizing toxic biowaste. Since the Paris Agreement, which has 196 signatories excluding the U.S., several countries have become more dedicated to environmental sustainability. The current leading countries, according to the Environmental Performance Index, are Germany, France, and Sweden. The United States is falling behind other first world countries in environmental care, but currently leads in greenhouse gas emissions.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

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Fun with Flat Physics 2-D Physics in Flowing Soap Film

Lily Zheng Dr. David Horne Gannon University: Dept of Physics

Over view

Experiment Design

An innovative and unique approach to the construction of a machine to produce long lived flowing soap films is presented. This can be used to study 2-dimensional flow and turbulence patterns by introducing obstructions to the film.

The results of this project apply to a number of disciplines including the study of weather patterns on Earth and other planets as well as cloud formation, vortex-vortex interactions, and chaotic flow. This forms a part of a bigger project to better characterize 2-D vortex interactions, observe their behavior, and create mathematical models.

Introduction Examples of 2-D flow can be seen in a large number of natural systems including: Vortices in planetary atmospheres (storms) Boat wakes Laminar flow over aircraft wings Atmospheric vortices Spiral arms of galaxies Chaotic flow patterns Using our equipment, we can simulate many of these environments and their effects. This data will aid in the formation of a mathematical model of 2-D flow and turbulence patterns.

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Anatomy of a Soap Film 2 Fig. 5 Soap Film Regions A soap film is divided into 3 zones: I : Expansion Zone II : Test Zone * III : Contraction Zone

The equipment consists of a soap reservoir in a holding tank at the top of the frame. Soap solution runs down the monofilament lines, and a soap film is then extruded.

Fig. 2 Current Equipment Setup

Fig 1a. 2-D Turbulence Around an Island Chain 1 Fig. 1b. Turbulence in Jupiter’s Atmosphere

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*The test zone is the portion of the film where experiments are carried out via introduction of obstructions to the film.

This forms a long-lived 2-D flowing soap film in which experiments are conducted by introducing obstructions to the film.

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Innovations to the original design implemented include: Tank Capacity increased to 7.5 gal (28.4 L) Film life extended to 2.5 hours Temperature sensors Humidity sensors Soap solution recirculation pump Improved HD image capture equipment Professional studio lighting and equipment Improved lab practices and recording of results

Fig. 6. Soap Film Under 546.1 nm [Green] Filter

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Fig. 3 Original Equipment Setup

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Fig. 4 Schematic of Original Setup

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The flow is started by opening the tank valve Soap solution runs down the monofilament lines Lines are brought into contact and then slowly separated A flowing soap film is produced Obstructions are introduced to generate desired vortices Patterns in the soap film are imaged using a 546.1 nm filtered lens Still images and movies are recorded and analyzed

Discovered 20:1:0.001 (water: soap : glycerin) soap solution is most stable Obstructions to the soap film allow clear patterns to be observed Enhanced equipment and laboratory methods contribute to improved results 3-D printing provides an effective method of producing obstructions to exact specifications

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Modifications to the tank, injectors, and lines have produced more resilient, longer -lived soap films New methods of creating obstructions have been successful Changes to soap mix proved positive New photographic equipment has been advantageous Fig. 7. Flowing Soap Film Visual Image

Making of a Soap Film

Equipment Development

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Development of mathematical model of 2-D vortices More accurate flow control Innovative new obstructions

References: 1 NASA, JPL 2 Scientific American (Aug.31, 1998)

Name: Lily Zheng Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Physics Presenter(s): Lily Zheng, King, Kyla McNulty, Shukuru Lusi Project Mentor: David Horne Abstract Title: Fun with Flat Physics: 2-D Physics in Flowing Soap Film Abstract Submission: I will present an innovative and unique approach to the construction of a machine to produce long lived flowing soap films. This can be used to study 2-dimensional flow and turbulence patterns by introducing obstructions to the film. The results of this project apply to a number of disciplines including the study of weather patterns on Earth and other planets as well as cloud formation, vortex-vortex interactions, and chaotic flow. This forms a part of a bigger project to better characterize 2-D vortex interactions, observe their behavior, and create mathematical models.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

ADAPTIVE ATHLETIC GRIP Dr. Davide Piovesan, Taylor Downs, Willow Herron Department of Biomedical & Industrial Engineering Abstract Regular exercise is a primary challenge for individuals with physical disabilities however, with an enhanced assistive gripping device which is modeled to meet the demands of intense Crossfit, this activity can be improved immensely.

Our Goal: Design a device which is adaptable to all types of exercise equipment, allows a smooth transition between exercises, and is commercially available to all those in need.

Development

Competitive Businesses

• 1/8” thick, rubber strap and attachment piece.

• Intended to rest inside of the palm of the user, then attach to the opposing end that will be located at the inner base of the wrist.

• Rubber has a high coefficient of friction that will help maintain grip on equipment and prevent slipping.

• Size adjustability and rubber securement achieved using Velcro straps.

Active Hands, a leading producer of grip devices for sufferers of a multitude of ailments, is our leading source of design ideas. Each device from Active hands is sold separately, at $84.95 a piece.

These devices are limited in the number of exercises they can assist with performing. The adjustability is limited and though different sizes are sold, each individual device should adjust more easily.

• Soft shell of glove made of Neoprene, for breathability and cleanability.

Conclusions • Initial model included a single location attachment piece.

Why is this so Important?

Each year: • 1,645 new cases of Spina Bifida.

• 10,000 new cases of Cerebral Palsy.

• 17,500 cases of Spinal Cord Injuries.

• 913,925 adults diagnosed with Ms.

• By use of straps and friction, you eliminate the need for attachment and increase adjustability.

Fusion 360

• 795,000 new stroke victims.

• Finite Element Analysis shows compressive stress concentration at linkage point., or the screw location.

All of which could be afflicted by a decrease in

• The tensile strength of a of the rubber material (10-20 MPa).

Assisted Grip Device is Limited by Weight •Our base model will reach a personal maximum of 60 lbs. She is also very dependent on the help of her trainers.

•Each Individual is effected differently by their diagnosis, making it difficult to accommodate for all potential weight used for future exercises.

Based on the progress that has been made at this point, the method of securing by friction and straps is the best option.

Eliminating the stress on the initial attachment piece and replacing the system with a singular rubber strap allows for a much higher weight limit. This makes the current design more commercial for a wider range of users.

The final product is still currently being modified so that it actively meets the demands of the customer.

References [1]“Data and Statistics on Spina Bifida.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Sept. 2019, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ spinabifida/data.html.

[2]“Landmark Study Estimates Nearly 1 Million in the U.S. Have Multiple Sclerosis.”

National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 15 Feb. 2019, www.nationalmssociety.org/Aboutthe-Society/News/Landmark-Study-Estimates-Nearly%C2%A01-Million-in-the-U. [3]Poinsett, Pierrette Mimi, et al. “Cerebral Palsy.” Cerebral Palsy Guidance, www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/cerebral-palsy/research/facts-and-statistics/.

[4]“Stroke Facts.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 Jan. 2020, www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm.

Name: Taylor Downs Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Presenter(s): Taylor Downs, Willow Herron Project Mentor: Davide Piovesan Abstract Title: Adaptive Athletic Grip Abstract Submission: Regular exercise is a primary challenge for individuals with physical disabilities. The goal of this project is to design an adaptive athletic grip aid to ease this challenge. This device is modeled to meet the needs of a woman currently practicing intense cross-fit. Analyses were conducted primarily with respect to the weight requirement the device needs to withstand and how the device will be secured to the training equipment. Furthermore, we identified how the load would be supported and distributed to prevent injuries. The device will be adaptable to all types of exercise equipment, allowing a smooth transition between exercises.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

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Sit to Stand Assistive Device 1Robert

Felmlee, 1Jordan Smith, 2Michael Macaulay, 2Dakota Leamer, 3Ethan Budd 1Dr. Davide Piovesan 1

Biomedical Engineering Program, 2Mechanical Engineering Program, 3Industrial Engineering Program

Adjustable Actuation System

Abstract • Falls in nursing homes and hospitals are common occurrences and a major problem in the health care industry.

Finite Element Analysis • FEA was done on the design to ensure the safety factor is above 2.5 in all areas. This simulation can be seen below.

• Sit to stand devices are currently being used in hospitals, but the current models are expensive and do not allow patients to use any of their lower body strength in the process.

• FEA was also used to analyze how much displace would occur on the system when loaded.

• Analysis was done with a load of 400 pounds to simulate an extreme case.

• This proposed device will be adjustable to each user in order to maximize the use of their own strength and allow them to stand up comfortably and safely.

• The design is innovative, customizable, and allows the device to be used as a walker as well.

The Sit to Stand Device • This device has been designed to help people stand in an easy and favorable way • Unlike other designs, this one allows for the both the user's own strength and the integrated lifting system in the device to help people stand.

• Its lightweight frame allows it to be used as a walker

• The lifting system will consist of an L-shaped seat connected by two rods with sets of bands that will produce a lifting force.

• Each of the rods will have an adjustable slider which allows for the adjustment of the moment arm resulting in the desired upward force.

• A simulation of the possible forces that this device can produce were done in MatLab using the derived equations below.

Stability Analysis • In the case that the user of the device falls to the side while in the process of standing, the device must stay upright to reduce the risk of injury.

• The center of mass of the head arms and truck (HAT), the legs, and the device were considered when analyzing tipping.

• In an extreme case where someone is 74 inches tall, the device will not tip due to a greater moment caused by the device and legs.

A Great Tool for Hospitals and Nursing Homes • People recovering from surgeries and elderly people often have trouble performing sit to stand movements.

• A sit to stand device was created to provide an easy and efficient way to help people go from the seated to standing position.

• This machine has an adjustable actuation system that allows each user to get the necessary amount of assistance • A FEA was done to ensure that the device is safe even in the most extreme of cases.

References • Smith J., Felmlee R., Steinbrink S., Crowe M., Piovesan D., Validation of Pressure Insoles as an Accurate and Precise Force Measurement Device, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, IMECE, 2019, accepted • Felmlee R., Smith J., Crowe M., Steinbrink S., Piovesan D., Using Physical Properties to Find the Likelihood of Falling in the Act of Sitting to Standing, ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC, 2019, accepted • Preventing Falls in Hospitals. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/fallpxtoolkit/index.html

Name: Robert Felmlee Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: English Presenter(s): Robert Felmlee, Jordan Smith, Dakota Leamer, Ethan Budd, Michael Macaulay Project Mentor: Davide Piovesan Abstract Title: Sit to Stand Assistive Device Abstract Submission: Falls in nursing homes and hospitals are common occurrences and a major problem in the health care industry.

Sit to stand devices are currently being used in hospitals, but the current models are expensive and do not allow patients to use any of their lower body strength in the process. This proposed device will be adjustable to each user in order to maximize the use of their own strength and allow them to stand up comfortably and safely. The design is innovative, customizable, and allows the device to be used as a walker as well.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

College Student Retention Rates in Group Work

Youssef Ibrahim, Biletambe Malango, Reganne O’Brien (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Dept. of Public Service & Global Affairs, Dept. of Business Administration)

Abstract

Student Coursework Interest Levels

Student Retention Findings

 College students often experience low retention rates in college group.  Factors that impact this are faculty popularity, group member attitudes, and student coursework interest levels.  Outcomes of low engagement in group work are higher volumes of class drops, lower student grades, and even higher withdrawal levels from a university.

Objective: Determine why students experience low engagement levels in group work.

Solution: Study research publications on low engagement in group work and conduct a voluntary survey.

Results: Survey data was unable to be collected due to COVID 19. The following findings are from reading previously done research publications.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Group Member Attitudes Due to the many obstacles , such as time and the world pandemic . Our group was not able to get in contact with Gannon students in order to conduct the survey. The method we used was limited to the list of our chosen publications, and the most recent research on the topic .Although, after reading over our chosen sources, we believe they are in-depth articles that can provide an accurate answer to our research questions.

obrien004@gannon.edu

When group members are interested in coursework content the group participation rates increase.

When group members have positive attitudes the other members work more efficiently together as a collective unit.

The Graph below depicts how different teaching methods impact retention rates. The instructor’s teaching strategy for group work greatly impacts outcomes in learning.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Teaching Methods Impacting Retention Rates

Faculty Popularity Study • 87% of students behaved better when they had a good relationship with their instructor.

• 72% of students improved in academic achievement when they had a good relationship with a faculty member.

• Countless studies we assessed discussed the importance of establishing trust between the student and teacher for student success.

Name: Reganne O’Brien Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: McNair Scholars Program Presenter(s): Reganne O’Brien, Biletambe Malango, Youssef Ibrahim Project Mentor: Davide Piovesan Abstract Title: College Student Rention Rates in Group Work Abstract Submission: College students often experience low engagement levels and retention rates, while working in groups.

Oftentimes, low engagement in group work results in higher volumes of class drops, lower student grades and even withdrawal from a university. In the classroom setting, there are multiple factors that impact these engagement levels when participating in group assignments. The factors investigated in this study are faculty popularity, group member attitudes and student coursework interest levels. Information found in this study can help administrators and faculty improve group retention rates. This knowledge can help academic administrators work with faculty to improve policies for undergraduate group work projects. The results of this study can identify the leading causes for low engagement in group work for students at Gannon University. This study will be done by researching the literature and conducting a survey.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

27

Gannon Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition Team Tenger Batjargal1, Niklas Bitters1, Yiming Han1, Georgios Petridis1, Nicholas Trombetta1, Austin Detzel2, Kenzie Lasher3, Peter Caulfield3, Paul Kummannoor3 Lab Engineers: Nicholas Devine4, Steven Rowland1

Faculty Advisor: Professor. Donald V. MacKellar1

Gannon University—1Electrical and Computer Engineering; 2Cyber Engineering; 3Mechanical Engineering; 4Bio-Medical and Industrial Engineering Abstract

Our Experience In IGVC 2019

The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) offers a design experience that is at the very cutting edge of engineering education. It is multidisciplinary, theory-based, hands-on, team implemented, outcome assessed, and based on product realization.  Students from all levels of Undergraduate and Graduate  Team organization  Leadership  Business and Engineering Management  Language and Graphic arts  Public relations

Our team participated Auto-Nav and Design Competition challenges in the IGVC at Oakland University in Rochester, MI. In the Auto-Nav challenge, the autonomous vehicle had to qualify for:  Packaging  Emergency Stop both Mechanical and Wireless  Safety and Status Light  Speed  Waypoint Navigation  Lane Following  Obstacle Avoidance

MacroMouse_V2 for IGVC 2020

Our Contribution to Gannon and CEB 

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Focused blended engineering and business  Measured by industry developers/users/designers  Incorporates and show-cases all of the CEB current growth programs  National and International visibility Matches Current Industry needs  Automation, Robotics, Driverless, secured embedded real-time, CPS, IoT  Industry Standards Compliance/Understanding Support and sponsorship from local and regional Businesses

Auto-Nav Challenge Competition The IGVC has five different challenges:  Auto-Nav Challenge  Design Competition  Interoperability Profiles (IOP) Challenge  Cyber Challenge (Cybersecurity)  Self-Drive Challenge In the Auto-Nav Challenge, the requirements are:  A fully autonomous unmanned ground robotic vehicle  The vehicle must avoid obstruction and remain within the lane

Figure 6. Design Tree of MacroMouse_V2 Figure 9. Gannon IGV Team Logo

Our Vision  

Figure 3. Gannon IGVC Team in 2019

In the Design Competition, we were judged on:  Written Report  Oral Presentation  Examination of the Vehicle

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Figure 7. Functional Decomposition of MacroMouse_V2

Overall, we have accumulated 1150.67 points out of possible 1400 points which placed us 14th of 30 teams. Judges and colleagues were very impressed on how the team developed, managed adversity, collaborated as a team, and almost qualified as first time team.

Our Sponsors and Supporters AI Based Line and Obstacle Detection 

Figure 1. Example Auto-Nav Course with Ramp

Multiple platforms for Demo, Educational & Development Dovetail College of Engineering and Business Education Growth  Blended Engineering (Cyber Physical System, IoT, Cybersecurity, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence Design with Modular Concepts and Business Concepts Incorporate Business/Industry Standards

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70 datasets for training and 30 datasets for testing 30—40 frames per second for the Line Detection 40—50 frames per second for the Obstacle Detection

GANNON UNIVERSITY

STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION

Figure 4. Hand-made Tire Studs

Figure 5. Main Structure of 2019 IGVC Vehicle

Figure 2. Auto-Nav Course 2019

Figure 8. Example of Line-Detection using E-Net

Name: Tenger Batjargal Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Presenter(s): Tenger Batjargal, Niklas Bitters, Kenzie Lasher, Peter Caulfield, Georgios Petridis Project Mentor: Donald MacKellar Abstract Title: Gannon Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition Team Abstract Submission: The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) offers a design experience that is at the very cutting edge of engineering education. It is multidisciplinary, theory-based, hands-on, team implemented, outcome assessed, and based on product realization. It encompasses the very latest technologies impacting industrial development and taps subjects of high interest to students.

Students at all levels of undergraduate and graduate education can contribute to the team effort, and those at the lower levels benefit greatly from the experience and mentoring of those at higher levels. Team organization and leadership are practiced, and there are even roles for team members from business and engineering management, language and graphic arts, and public relations. Students solicit and interact with industrial sponsors who provide component hardware and advice, and in that way get an inside view of industrial design and opportunities for employment.

28

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

The Comparative Prices of Insulin in the United States and other Countries Samantha Kenyon and Elisa M. Konieczko, Ph.D. Biology Department, Gannon University Kenyon003@Gannon.edu Konieczk001@Gannon.edu Introduction

“Your drug prices are homicide” [10]

Insulin was one of the greatest scientific discoveries in medical history.

Prior to the introduction of insulin to the market in 1922, diabetic, comastricken patients filled hospital wards and diabetes was seen as a death sentence.8 The purpose of this independent study was to research, investigate, and study the crisis many Americans face due to the inability to afford insulin. To research this topic more thoroughly, the following approach was used: generate a question formed during the reading of “The Discovery of Insulin” by Michael Bliss, search the literature for previous information on this question, gather data about this question from existing sources, and finally, formulate conclusions from the data.

The question asked was: how does the price of insulin in the United States compare to prices in other countries? The price of insulin in the United States has nearly doubled in the past five years.4 The exorbitantly high pricing of insulin is preventing many Americans from affording their prescriptions, especially in comparison to the price of insulin in other industrialized countries.

Inspiration

The source of inspiration for this independent study came from the book, “The Discovery of Insulin” by Michael Bliss. This book unearths the history behind insulin and the scientists that discovered the life-changing drug.

Symptoms

Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to utilize blood sugar (glucose), which is the vital energy source for cellular metabolism.4 Diabetics fail to produce normal levels of insulin, a hormone that allows cells to take up glucose.

Underlying causes can vary from person to person, but any type of diabetes causes high glucose levels in the blood, which can lead to serious health complications. [11] Symptoms include: • • • • • • • • •

Increased thirst Blurred Vision Irritability Fatigue Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss Slow-healing sores Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin) • Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections

History

The earliest medical literature on diabetes mellitus was described by Ancient Egyptians dating back to 3500 BC.E.4 The discovery of this disease started the race for a treatment led by physicians across the world. With insulin still unknown, treatments were limited, ineffective, and inevitably left patients in comas. Some of the earliest treatments included diets like “oat cure”, “potato therapy”, the “rice cure”, and opium, none of which cured diabetes.4 During the 18th century, scientists and physicians began to better understand diabetes. Two scientists, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering, unveiled the importance of the liver and pancreas in the pathogenesis of diabetes.9 In 1921, Frederick Banting and Charles Best, under the supervision of John James Rickard Macleod, and the help of James Collip, isolated insulin from pancreatic islets.2 In 1922, mass production of insulin hit the market. This drug caused comatose patients to awaken and revive. Currently, there are more than 30 million Americans diagnosed with diabetes.6

Country United States7 Canada5 France10 Australia1 India12

Conclusion

The results of this study show that the exorbitantly high price of insulin in the U.S. is preventing many Americans from affording their prescription for this vital drug, especially in comparison to insulin’s price in other industrialized countries. From the data collected, the United States pricing of insulin is 8 to 10 times higher than any other country across the globe. In conclusion, insulin, while not a cure for diabetes, is the only viable treatment for this disease and without affordable access to the drug, patients are often forced to chose between buying insulin or paying for other necessities of life. In the future, governmental policies need to be put in place to help patients, especially those with limited incomes, afford the drugs they need to remain healthy.

Lantus Drug Price (per 10mL vial) $305.53 USD $141.00 USD $50.60 USD (€45) $24.86 USD ($41 AUD) $6.47 USD (493.60 Rs) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

The discovery of insulin was a collaborative effort that took nearly thirty years. With the efforts of the four men above3, as well as many other scientists, and the Eli Lily Company, insulin was released worldwide in 1922. It immediately transformed the lives of diabetics across the globe, as diabetes was no longer a death sentence, but a treatable disease.

10.

11.

[13]

[13]

12.

13.

References

Australian Government Department of Health [Internet]. Commonwealth of Australia; n.d. Insulin Glargine; n.d. [cited 2020 Apr 2]. Available from: https://www.pbs.gov.au/medicine/item/11302W-11308E-9039R Banting House [Internet]. Bantinghouse; n.d. Banting and Best; 2015 Dec 6 [cited 2020 Mar 29]. Available from: https://bantinghousenhsc.wordpress.com/2016/07/29/before-banting-treatments-for-diabetes-in-the-preinsulin-era/ Banting House. The Discoverers of Insulin [Image on internet]. Bantinghouse; 2015 Dec 6 [cited 2020 Mar 25].

Available from: https://bantinghousenhsc.wordpress.com/2015/12/06/banting-and-best- and-macleod-and-collip/ Banting House [Internet]. Bantinghouse; n.d. Before Banting: Treatments for Diabetes in the Pre-insulin Era; 2016 Jul 29 [cited 2020 Mar 29]. Available from: https://bantinghousenhsc.wordpress.com/2016/07/29/before-bantingtreatments-for-diabetes-in-the-pre-insulin-era/2016/07/29/before-banting-treatments-for-diabetes-in-the-preinsulin-era/ Canadian Insulin [Internet]. Canada: CanadianInsulin.com; 2018. Buy Lantus Vials Online; n.d. Available from: https://www.canadianinsulin.com/buy-lantus-insulin-glargine-vial-online/ Cefalu, WT, Dawes DE, Gavalak G, Goldman, D, Herman WH, Van Nuys K, et al. Insulin Access and Affordability Working Groups. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jun; 41: 1299-1311.

Drugs.com [Internet]. Drugs.com; 2000-2020. Lantus Prices, Coupons, and Patient Assistance Programs, n.d. [cited 2020 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/lantus Johnson & Johnson [Internet]. Johnson & Johnson; 2015 Mar 5. Insulin Hits the Market, 1922; n.d. [cited 2020 Apr 2]. Available from: https://ourstory.jnj.com/insulin-hits-market Karamanou M, Protogerou A, Tsoucalas G, Androutsos G, Poulakou- Rebelakou E. Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors. NCBI [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Mar 27] ; 7(1):1-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4707300/ DIO: 10.4239/ wjd.v7.i1.1 Le Masurier, J. The Price of insulin is killing Americans [Internet]. France 24; c2020 [cited 2020 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.france24.com/en/20190402-focus-united-states-price-insulin-killing-americans-diabetics-ushealth-medicine-pharma Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998-2020. Diabetes Symptoms and Causes; 2018 Nov 10 [cited 2020 Mar 29]; [about 10 pages]. Available from: https:// www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444 SastiMedicine.com [Internet]. Mumbai; Sastimedicine; 2020. Lantus 100 IU Injection; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 1].

Available from: https://www.sastimedicine.com/medicine-price/11266-1230733/Lantus-100-IU-Injection-PriceDosage-Side-Effects-and-Generic-Alternatives Truven Health Analytics. Rising Insulin Prices [Internet]. New York: Insider Inc.; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com/rising-insulin-prices-track-competitors-closely-2016-9?r=UK

Name: Samantha Kenyon Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biology Presenter(s): Samantha Kenyon Project Mentor: Elisa Konieczko Abstract Title: The comparative Prices of Insulin between the United States and Other Countries Abstract Submission: Insulin was one of the greatest scientific discoveries in medical history. Prior to the introduction of insulin to the market in 1922, diabetic, coma-stricken patients filled hospital wards and diabetes was seen as a death sentence. The purpose of this independent study was to research, investigate and study more thoroughly the crisis many Americans face due to the inability to afford insulin. The source of inspiration for this independent study came from the book, “The Discovery of Insulin” by Michael Bliss. This book unearths the history behind insulin and the scientists that discovered the life-changing drug. To research this topic more thoroughly, the following approach was used: generate a question formed during the reading of the book, search the literature for previous information on this question, gather data about this question from existing sources, and finally, formulate conclusions from the data. The question asked was: how does the price of insulin in the United States compare to prices in other countries? The results of this approach show that the exorbitantly high pricing of insulin is preventing many Americans from affording their prescriptions, especially in comparison to the price of insulin in other industrialized countries. In conclusion, insulin, while not a cure for diabetes, is the the only viable treatment for this disease and without affordable access to this drug, patients are often forced to choose between buying insulin or paying for other necessities of life. In the future, governmental policies need to be put in place to help patients, especially those with limited incomes, afford the drugs they need to remain healthy.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

29

Multi-Sensory Physiological Measurement Wristband 1Norman

Stark, 2Almohand Alsanee, 2Meshary Alsehly, 2Omar Basharaheel, and Bin Qasem, 2Dr. Davide Piovesan, and 1Dr. Ikechukwu Ohu

2Wesam

1Industrial

Eng. Department, 2Biomedical Eng. Department, Gannon University, Erie, Pa

Abstract

Final Design

How Does It Work?

• The project mainly has only electrical sensors with very little mechanical properties. Which lead us to investigate the thermal aspects of our design. All the sensors are fully attached the right way with the most efficient circuits, and the chances of heating issues is slim. If there is it will be very minimal and can easily be fixed. The mechanical design is very simple as it only requires a band and an exterior shell design for the sensors and LED screen. We considered the following in our final design.

• Time, is important in all spheres of life, also in the healthcare sector. This study is geared towards designing a single source of information, on time, and some other physiological and ambient information.

The primary objective is to design a multi-purpose device that takes different important body measurements, including body temperature, heart rate and blood oxygen concentration. This multipurpose device will play crucial roles in the administration of care to invalids and improve health outcomes. This will also be an improvement on already existing technologies.

Multi-Sensory Physiological Measurement Wristband • This device provides useful information concerning the heart rate, oxygen concentration in the blood, body thermal temperature and blood pressure. In this regard, the required health care service will easily be delivered in more convenient way, unlike other devices shown below.

Concept Generation

•Comfortable (.35) •No irritation •Light •Reliable (.25) •Long Battery Life •Wireless •Low Cost (.14) •Material •High Quality (.11) •Sensors •Material •Slick Design (.07) •Shiny •Smooth •Color

Means:

Power Source:

Function:

Result:

Battery life

Charging dock

Powering device and sensors

Meets customer needs, helps comfortability

Using radio, microwaves, etc. (as opposed to wires or cables) to transmit signals.

Meets customer needs, allows for privacy.

Wireless

Electricity

Data storage

Electricity

• Our device is going to consist of 3 sensors that will measure temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate.

• There are LED lights that illuminate on the skin and measures change in light absorption from blood flowing in your body (ex. Heart Rate).

• We used Arduino programming to calibrate our sensors.

Sensors

Electricity

Detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it.

Meets customer needs, helps with accuracy and body functions

Human, Manuel

Used for making sure measurements from sensors are stable

Meets customer needs, is comfortable and snug.

Impacts/Effects Professional and Ethical Standards Functions Design analysis Safety Customer Needs

Problem Clarification

Design Drawings, and Bill of Materials

Archiving data in electromagnetic or Meets customer needs, ensure other forms for use by a computer or accuracy, easily accessible. device

Wrist strap

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

• We focused on a a few important means and functions, and we made sure that the result of that were meeting the needs of customers and supports our concept design.

• These functions included battery life, wireless device, data storage, multi-sensors and wrist wrap to have a wearable device.

Bill of materials

• Our model system utilized at every design step is compatible with the design effort level. In other words, our design model of NIR multi-sensor possess adequate details pertaining to the entire designing process. Our design is simple enough to enhance ease interpretations of the results.

References 1. ASTM E2877-12(2019), Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019.

2. “Make an Arduino Temperature Sensor (Thermistor Tutorial).” Circuit Basics, Arduino , 22 June 2018 / 3. “Measure Heart Rate and SpO2 with MAX30102.” Arduino Project Hub, Arduino, 6 Feb. 2019, create.arduino.cc .

Name: Almohand Alsanee Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical and Industrial Engineering Presenter(s): Almohand Alsanee, Meshary Alsehly, Norman Stark, Omar Basharaheel, Wesam Bin Qasem Project Mentor: Ikechukwu Ohu Abstract Title: NIR Multi-Sensor Abstract Submission: Time, is important in all spheres of life, also in the healthcare sector. This study is geared towards designing a single source of information, on time, and some other physiological and ambient information. The primary objective is to design a multi-purpose device that takes different important body measurements, including body temperature, heart rate and blood oxygen concentration. This multi-purpose device will play crucial roles in the administration of care to invalids, and improve health outcomes.

This will also be an improvement on already existing technologies.

30

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Lake Erie Buoy Timeline Extension Project Molly Burke1, Nikoly Dos Santos2,6, Katelyn Halapin4, Sydney Hanratty4, Kaylee Hatfield3, Daniel Hughes3, Lydia Nemeth3, Jacob Rudy6, Morgan Schreck1, Brenna Callahan4 Biomedical Engineering1, Computer Science2, Electrical Engineering3, Environmental Engineering4, Mechanical Engineering5, Software Engineering6

Current Progress

Objective (To) engineer a submerged device that extends collection timeline and

•

stores water quality data of Lake Erie.

•

•

Background Stakeholders

•

Our current stakeholders are: •

Regional Science Consortium

•

Tom Ridge Environmental Center

•

All people who frequent Lake Erie and the Presque Isle area

After meeting our stakeholders and doing preliminary research, we began our search for a solution to the Regional Science Consortium data collection disruption.

The first step was to perform a function analysis which lead to a list of 6 essential functions.

We identified approximately 4-5 potential means for each of our functions, and consolidated our chart into the only means that we saw as actually being feasible in our device.

Currently, we are in the process of deciding which specific components we will be using.

Potential Solutions • •

•

• •

•

A probe system will be used to collect necessary samples.

A dissolved oxygen (DO) meter, either optical or electrochemical, will be used to find the dissolved oxygen content in the water.

An resistance temperature detector (RTD) will be used to measure the temperature of the water, and it will be enclosed to avoid issues.

An anchor and chain will be used to keep our device secured.

Either Raspberry Pi or Arduino will store data retrieved through these other tools.

An echosounder or bathometer will measure the system’s depth in the water.

Future Timeline

Location of Current Buoys

•

The Regional Science Consortium has 5 buoys located throughout Presque Isle and the Bayfront area.

•

•

Current Data Collection The current buoys collect a wide array of data including:

•

Water temperature • Specific conductivity • pH levels • Turbidity • Dissolved oxygen • Tracking of Blue-green algae • Weather data • Wave data • Video A current buoy is pictured on the right

•

•

The first step is to finalize the probes we believe would most adequately and efficiently measure the components of the water that need measured.

The second step is to decide which data storage method is most compatible with the probes that we will be using.

Once the components are selected, we can continue to work on and finalize the design of the entire buoy.

We will need to decide what materials we want to use and how to orient the device.

Our goal is to have a completely functioning buoy that competes the tasks that are needed by the end of the 2020-21 academic year..

The green dots represent the locations of current five Regional Science Consortium summer buoys .

Current buoy in Lake Erie

Morphological Chart

Importance of this Project •

•

•

As Lake Erie and the Presque Isle Bay area are popular spots for both locals and tourists to enjoy, it is important to keep the lake safe from harmful algae that continues to grow in the water.

The data collected by the buoys used for the rate of algae growth modeling and tracking only occurs from May-October leaving out crucial data collection in winter months.

Our project is to make a device that allows for data to be collected during those undocumented months and ultimately protect Lake Erie.

Name: Kaylee Hatfield Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: SEECS Presenter(s): Molly Burke, Daniel Hughes, Jake Rudy, Lydia Nemeth, Morgan Schreck Project Mentor: Karinna Vernaza Abstract Title: Lake Erie Buoy Timeline Extension Project Abstract Submission: Increasing volumes of algal blooms in Lake Erie have caused the water to become toxic, threatening wildlife, drinking water, and tourism in this area. The Presque Isle Regional Science Consortium collects data during the summer months through the use of buoys located in and around the Presque Isle Bay area. Our project is to engineer a submerged device that extends the collection timeline and store water quality data collected in Lake Erie. Our device is extending the collection timeline because the current device can not be in the water when the lake freezes over. The device will have probes to collect data on dissolved oxygen and temperature. We hope that this project will help the Regional Science Consortium discover more trends in order to deal with the algal blooms. Our next steps are to choose what types of probes we will use to collect data and choose a design for the device.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

31

Reduction of Bedsores Using Pressure Sensor Monitoring 1

Rhea Bryan Rivera, 1Madeline Campanella, 1Sarah Ingerick, 1Alicia Massara, 2Jessica Moukoro, 1Dr. Ki-Hwan Bae, 1Dr. Davide Piovesan 1

Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Department 2 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Abstract • Bedsores are a form of ulcer that occurs on the region of the skin that is under prolonged pressure.

• They are formed when the blood supply to those high pressure areas is cut off for a period of time [1].

Materials and Cost

Design Concept

Assembly and Testing

The following table is a breakdown of the materials we need as well as the cost. Gannon may have some materials we will be able to use that would subtract from the estimated total given above.

Before coming up with a design, we needed to asses which design aspects are most important for our customers.

1.Customer Needs Analysis

• Apply copper tape to Velostat sheet; one applied

Material

Quantity

Cost

Velostat

3

$37.11

Copper tape

3

$38.73

Importance

Ribbon cable

1

$10.89

• Bedsores can put older patients who have preexisting

Break-away headers

1

$8.99

Multiplexers

2

$17.90

Breadboard

1

$8.99

Arduino

1

$11.74

• We will design a mat that will alert medical professionals to each specific high-pressure points.

• These medical professionals will then be able to

adjust the patient to eliminate the high-pressure point and the potential of a bedsore.

health conditions at a greater risk for infection and death [1].

• The US health care system spends about $10 billion on prevention, litigation fees, and penalties per year due to bed sores [4].

government

Background on Bedsores • Bedsores typically form when blood supply to high

pressure areas is cut off or limited for 2 to 3 hours [4].

• The main problem areas are the buttocks, specifically the tailbone or hip, heels of the feet, shoulder blades, back of the head, and backs and sides of the knees • There are four stages to bedsores:

• Stage 1: affected area is red and feels warm to the touch

• Stage 2: area will resemble an open sore or blister and cause the patient significant pain

Leds

1

$5.95

Resistor (1 kΩ)

1

$6.16

Resistor (220 Ω)

1

$6.99

Spacer Tape

1

$7.97

FTDI

1

Total

vertically and one horizontal

• Use ribbon cable to weld all copper tape together • Seal layers together; Velostat with copper tape vertical, Velostat, Velostat with copper tape horizontal

• Test using multi-meter; press on mat, resistance should change

Figure 3: Weighting of Customer Needs

2. Design Constraints

• Abide by the safety codes and standards for medical

• Connect and code multiplexers, breadboard, and arduino as suggested

• Connect FTDI to allow for connection to display

devices

• Conduct a safety analysis based on the materials we are going to use

Limitations • The finished product is only a prototype • The current state of our country prevents us from all

3. Design of the internal components

being together when assembling the mat

• Figures 4 and 5 depict the orientation of the copper tape

Future Work

with the Velostat, which is essential for change in pressure.

• Eliminate use of battery; connect to wall outlet instead • Make a to scale mat • Conduct large scale testing within a controlled environment

• Put on the market and implement in hospitals and nursing homes

$12.84

• Provide options for use that expand past this specific

$174.26

use

• Stage 3: resemble a crater due to damage

Acknowledgements

underneath the skin’s surface

• Stage 4: large wound is present with damage to muscles, tendons, bones, and joints

Figure 4: The orientation of the copper tape with the Velostat sheets

The work presented in this poster is possible due to the support and funding from the Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering and the Electrical and Computer Engineering Departments as well as the Business Department.

References 1.“Bedsores.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ health/conditions-and-diseases/bedsores.

2.Hinton-Sheley, Phoebe. “Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment.” News, News Medical Life Sciences, 29 Oct. 2018, www.news-medical.net/health/Pressure-Ulcer-Prevention-andTreatment.aspx.

Figure 1: The stages of bedsores [2].

Figure 2: Patient lying in hospital bed [3]

Figure 5: The copper tape without the Velostat sheets

3.“Person Lying In Hospital Bed Clipart.” Clipart.Email, www.clipart.email/clipart/person-lying-in-hospital-bed-clipart241398.html.

4.“ The Financial Impact of Pressure Ulcers.” Leaf Healthcare, 2016, www.leafhealthcare.com/pdfs/

Name: Madeline Campanella Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical and Electrical Engineering Presenter(s): Rhea Bryan Rivera, Alicia Massara, Sarah Ingerick, Jessica Moukoro Project Mentor: Ki-Hwan Bae Abstract Title: Reduction of Bedsores Using Pressure Sensor Monitoring Abstract Submission: Pressure ulcers affect 2.5 million hospital patients in the U.S. every year and 60,000 patients died as a direct result in 2017. To alleviate this issue, a pressure-sensing mat was developed to enable healthcare professionals to measure the various pressure points on the patient’s body in real time. The mat consists of minimally conductive Velostat sheets with perpendicular copper wires that sense pressure changes in resistance. With the aid of better evaluating pressure points, a healthcare professional is expected to effectively position a patient to relieve prolonged pressure areas and hence potentially reduce the occurrences of pressure ulcers.

32

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Assessing Lead Leaching Potential at PA State Game Lands 109 Nicole Dobrilovic, Isaac Merritt, Rachel Smith Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gannon University Results: Methods:

Abstract:

• The team made three different lead concentrations with the soil samples from PA SGL 109 – a high, medium and low level. Equal number of switchgrass plugs were put in each cell. The lead concentrations at the bottom of the cell would be determined by:

The goal of this project is to determine the lead leaching potential at the gun range and design a biofiltration planter to assess the effectiveness

of

phytoremediation

to

prevent

stormwater

runoff from entering the stream. The team analyzed soil samples using metal digestion methods to determine the lead concentration

Lead concentration in the stormwater runoff at PA SGL 109 • Average lead concentration in stormwater runoff is 323.2 +/155.7 ug/l as seen below in Graph 1.

Procedure

in the soil. A leaching test was conducted to assess the lead leaching potential from contaminated soil. Additionally, by using the runoff volume and maximum lead concentrations, the capacity and effectiveness of the system will be determined using

•

Gathered leachate samples from cells

•

Samples filtered and duplicated for this analysis

•

Digestion Process done using EPA method 5030b for metal and lead digestion

switchgrass. The benefits should decrease the amount stormwater runoff that enters the stream.

Graph 1. Stormwater Runoff Levels

Lead Transport through the soil layer

Figure 3. Soil Sampling at PA SGL 109 Figure 1. Map of PA SGL 109 and Sampling Locations

Objectives: • Obtain lead data from PA SGL 109 - Collect soil and runoff samples from site - Conduct experiments to determine lead concentrations - Interpret lead concentrations in soil, runoff, and the leaching potential • Construct lead leaching prevention system

Design Parameters: •

The goal of this design is to reduce the total lead concentration entering the environment by 50%.

•

The design must be placed in the designated area of PA SGL 109 which has an area of about 0.07 acres.

•

Native plants must be used that can survive warm and cold weather. They also must be perennials which eliminates the need for replanting.

- Construct prototype of design - Estimate lead removal efficiency

Graph 2: C/CO vs Time

References & Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Gannon University’s Environmental Department and Penn State Behrend for giving the team the resources needed to complete this project.

Figure 3. Planter Design to Test Lead Removal Efficiency with Switchgrass Figure 2. Leachate Analysis

US EPA. (2005, June). Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges. Retrieved October 23, 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/epa_bmp.pdf.

US EPA. (2019, March 28). Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water. Retrieved October 23, 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water#regs.

Name: Nicole Dobrilovic Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Environmental Science & Engineering Presenter(s): Rachel Smith, Nicole Dobrilovic, Isaac Merritt Project Mentor: Kim Hwidong Abstract Title: Assessment of Lead Leaching Potential at PA State Game Lands 109 and Development of Lead Prevention System in Stormwater Runoff Abstract Submission: The goal of this project is to determine the lead leaching potential at the gun range and design a biofiltration planter to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation to prevent stormwater runoff from entering the stream. The team analyzed soil samples to determine the lead concentration in the soil. A leaching test was conducted to assess the lead leaching potential from contaminated soil. The lead removal capacity of the biofiltration system was determined using synthetic runoff prepared by lead bullets.

The benefits of this project should decrease the amount of lead in stormwater runoff that enters the stream.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

33

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Abstract

The Application

The Base Station

The user interface application presents a floorplan of the building in which NurseAlert is installed. Whenever a user presses the help button on the wearable device, within seconds, an alert is presented to the base station to inform nurses or caregivers that help is needed. This base station allows nurses or caregivers to monitor all of the patients alert status from one convenient terminal placed in a central location.

The base station consists of a Raspberry Pi 4, a monitor, and a keyboard, similar to a computer. The station sits in idle until an alert is received from a patient pressing the help button. At this time it presents the graphic similar to the one shown in figure 4 and figure 5 to the display for viewing.

The Receiver

NurseAlert is a product designed to connect patients with hell when they need it. Solving the problem of locating patients and connecting them with nurses when needed, NurseAlert is a low-cost solution to a prevalent problem in nursing homes and hospitals today. Celebrate Gannon offers an audience with which NurseAlert can be demonstrated and explained to those who may be able to offer insight into how a product like this can improve and iterate to better serve the needs of patients and staff.

The receiver was designed to be as low cost as possible to facilitate a low price point of NurseAlert. Utilizing off the shelf parts with a custom application allows for lower costs as well as a high availability of necessary components.

The Transmitter

The Network

In figure 4 and figure 5 below, two graphics are shown. These graphics are what the nurse or caregiver at the base station is presented with when an alert is activated by a patient pressing the help button on their device.

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You can manually change going to VIEW > SLIDE M resize them or modify the You can see a tutorial her https://www.posterpresen column-configuration.htm

Figure 2. Receiver Station

n this template are commonly on headers such as Abstract, , Methods, Results, etc. de a section header to add its

nother header, click on edge of n box so that it is outlined. paste it. se its size, click on the white d expand to the the desired

You can change the overa the COLORS dropdown m see a tutorial here: https:/ change-the-research-poster

The transmitter has been designed with usability at the forefront. A simple, wearable, one button interface allows NurseAlert to be used by young and old without complication.

• Momentary Switch

• Bluetooth Low Energy Transmitter

How to preview your poster prior to printin

The network backbone of NurseAlert is a local WiFi network that is already present in almost all possible installation locations. The utilization of WiFi for communication enables a lower price point as well as increased security.

Figure 6. Raspberry Pi 4

You can preview your pos at any time by pressing th F5 key on your keyboard.

You will see on the scree what's on your poster and how it should look when printed. Press the ESC ke to exit Preview.

Figure 4. Alert Scenario A

Acknowledgements

ng from your desktop, copy RES. Resize images ey and dragging one of the nal-looking poster, do not oportionally.

Special thanks to Dr. Zhao, Dr. Jung, Dr. Blair, and Steven Rowland

How to print your pos

When you are ready to ha PosterPresentations.com button. You can have you fabric for easy traveling a If you submit a PowerPoi PDF proof for your appro placed and paid for befor your order will ship out th day, Third day, and Free G

Go to PosterPresentation

00% magnification. If they

Figure 1. Transmitter Proof of Concept

Figure 3. Network Infrastructure

Figure 5. Alert Scenario B

RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2019

www.PosterPresentations.com

© 2019 PosterPresentations.

2117 Fourth Street , STE C Berkeley CA 94710 USA

Name: Aiden Brzuz Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical Engineering Presenter(s): Aiden Brzuz, Justin Buckel Project Mentor: Lin Zhao Abstract Title: NurseAlert Abstract Submission: NurseAlert is a product designed to connect patients with hell when they need it. Solving the problem of locating patients and connecting them with nurses when needed, NurseAlert is a low-cost solution to a prevalent problem in nursing homes and hospitals today. Celebrate Gannon offers an audience with which NurseAlert can be demonstrated and explained to those who may be able to offer insight into how a product like this can improve and iterate to better serve the needs of patients and staff.

34

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

late

Hydroponic Garden for L’Arch Erie Home

res

Olivia Graham, environmental engineering Justice Jones, electrical engineering

s a ¼-inch

area

Drip System

Abstract

the

• Nutrient rich water is pumped from the reservoir to each

L’Arche Erie is a faith-based community that provides

plant through a network of drip lines

unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities.

poster.

produce and optimize space, energy, and production rate to be used by the core members and volunteers.

members are given the opportunities to personally and

each plant, without them having to put energy into expanding their root systems

d with

their homes. As one of the SEECS Sophomore groups, we

decided to implement hydroponic gardening in three of

• Excess water collects in the grow tray and then flows back

that will provide produce and enrichment to the core

F a l l 20 1 8

members at the L’Arche Erie’s Oasis Home.

Our Design

We visited the Oasis Home several times to meet with the

The main structure of our system is a 4-tiered wire shelf. The bottom shelf will hold

core members and to gather information about what their

Spring 2019

system needed to be easy to use and access for the core

• Created designs for each

members, require minimal maintenance, be cost effective,

grow lights will simulate natural growing conditions in the otherwise dim basement

home based on location

provide various produces, and be size appropriate for the

where the system will be located.

drip system for it’s easy of use and efficiency. To make the system suited for the home’s basement where it will be

ze for

an 26

nutrients water from the reservoir to the plants.

•

Finalized designs

•

Compiled supplies needed

plants.

left picture).

of the Spring 2020. We hope to have the system

never be

F a l l 20 1 9

Thin tubing shoots of from the main line to each plant (see top

to build the system have been purchased at the beginning constructed and installed by the end of the Spring 2020

and needs

Two fish tank pumps (one for each tier of plants) will carry

located, we plan to add artificial grow lights to each tier of

The design has been finalized and all the materials needed

l text

produce • Visited L’Arche homes to meet core members and

Lighting for each shelf of plants will be hung from the bottom of the shelf above. LED

available space. After the thorough research we chose a

his area.

• Researched types of hydroponics systems and

our reservoir. The two shelves above will hold grow trays that will house the plants.

wants and needs for the hydroponic gardens. We found the

that

Timeline

to the reservoir to be recycled by the system

aim to design and construct an indoor hydroponics system

e text or

L’Arche’s Oasis home that grow various types of

• The water trickles to the roots of each plant to nourish

professionally develop. The leaders of L’Arche have

nes. Do

To engineer efficient hydroponics systems in

L’Arche Erie owns various homes where their core

ea is

most

Project Statement

Spring 2020 • Began construction of final system

At the ends of each off shoot a drip steak will be plunged into the bedding material

(clay pebbles) at the base of each plant

Fall 2020 and Beyond

so water flows directly to the roots.

•

semester. The ongoing support of growing the produce

Slight grading of each shelf will allow water to collect at the

and properly maintaining the system will be carried out

ends of each tray to be emptied back into the reservoir to be

into the next academic year.

recycled by the system.

•

Install systems into home Work with core members and volunteers to establish first round of plantings

•

Create a users guide for ongoing maintenance

For more

review Name: Justice Jones

ster

nes

le in

Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: SEECS Presenter(s): Justice Jones, Olivia Graham

oard Help

der

ate

n.

The

Project Mentor: Lin Zhao Abstract Title: Hydroponic Garden System for the Oasis Home of L’Arche Erie Abstract Submission: Our SEECS group aims to design and construct an indoor hydroponics system that will provide produce and enrichment to the core members at the Oasis home. The Oasis home is part of L’Arch Erie, a faith based community for adults living with intellectual disabilities. We will utilize the drip system, which will pump water directly to each plant’s roots by a network of tubes. The system will be placed in the basement of the oasis home. We hope to have the system installed by the end of the Spring 2020 semester with ongoing support into the next academic year.

ost gray

l

nes

ent the

eas, while

ent the

of slide.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

35

Customized Hydroponic Garden System for the Rose Home of L’Arche Erie Spencer Miller1, Ashlynn Uzl2 Biomedical Engineering Department1, Mechanical Engineering Department2 Scholars of Excellence in Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) Program

Abstract L’Arche Erie is a faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities. L’Arche Erie owns various homes where their core members can live and are given the opportunities to personally and professionally develop. The leaders of L’Arche have decided to implement hydroponic gardening in three of their homes. As one of the SEECS Sophomore groups, we have been assigned to work with L’Arche Erie’s Rose Home. Our project will serve as an enrichment tool for the residence of the Rose Home.

Since our group has received this project, we have done extensive research into different hydroponic designs. We began to design our specific system in the spring of 2019, taking available space, cost, and ease of access into consideration. We are implementing our system in a room in the attic of the Rose home that has a low, slanted ceiling, so we designed our hydroponic garden to lean against the sloped wall in the room. We will be utilizing a nutrient film hydroponic system, using PVC pipes to hold and water our plants. The PVC pipes will be mounted to a wooden frame. A pump will push water through tubes to the top of our system into the top PVC pipe. Each row of pipes will be slanted so that gravity will move the water through the pipes and collect back into the reservoir. With this design we can put the water reservoir behind the structure of our garden, leaving space for the residents of the Rose home to move about the room to tend to the garden. We will be growing herbs in our system, as requested by the residence of the Rose Home.

During the fall of 2019 we finalized our design and ordered all of the required supplies. The spring of 2020 consists of construction of our system, and the construction will carry through mid-fall 2020. After the system is complete we will start testing the system and creating a user manual. Our prospective date in which our final project will be completed is in spring 2021.

Project Statement To engineer an efficient hydroponics system in a L’Arche home that grows produce and optimizes space, energy, and production rate to be used by the core members and volunteers of the home.

About L’Arche Erie • A faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilities • Core members live in homes around Erie that provide them with the opportunity to personally and professionally develop

Constraints

Requirements

• Size • Easy to use and access for • System will be in a small the core members of L’Arche room in the attic living in the Rose home • Cost relating to: • Minimal maintenance • energy use (pump size and • Efficiency to maximize amount of lighting) production rate • Proper nutrition and lighting conditions

Design Progression

• building materials • maintenance over time (replenishing nutrients and water supply)

Major changes: • Height • Original design was taller than current design • Height became a constraint when we toured the location where system will be implemented • Weight • System will be on the top floor of a three-floor house with a narrow stairway • Entire system is made of wood and PVC pipe, which will be heavy and difficult to carry • Originally, PVC pipes would be permanently fixed to wooden frame • Now, PVC will be detachable by resting on large hooks connected to the frame • Also allows system to be moved to other locations if needed

Pictured is the room our system is being designed for.

Our system Nutrient Film Technique • Nutrient rich water is pumped from a reservoir into a larger tube/pipe • A thin layer, or film of water continuously runs across the plant’s bare roots • The gentle slope of the tube/pipe allows water to run downwards toward a drain tube • The water returns to the reservoir to be cycled through the system again

Materials and Cost Pump

ITEM

PVC Pipe PVC Pipe Fittings Water Tank Pots Plumber’s Tape Air Pump

Use Supply water to top of system from reservoir Where the water will flow through and will have holes for pots to allow plant’s roots to reach the water

COST $19.99 $52

Connected on ends so water may flow through entire system using gravity Holds water for system

$21.80 $15.98

Small pots with holes to allow roots to reach water in pipe

$10.99

Put around all fittings and tubes to prevent leaking Places in water reservoir to keep water moving and oxygenated to prevent growth of mildew

$4.08 $8.97

Timeline

Accomplished: Spring 2019 • Finalized and purchased all materials • Began construction of system

Upcoming: Fall 2020 • Finish construction • Compose user manual • Establish system in home

• Currently have frame built

Total: $133.81

Name: Spencer Miller Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: SEECS Presenter(s): Ashlynn Uzl, Spencer Miller Project Mentor: Lin Zhao Abstract Title: Customized Hydroponic Garden Systems for the Rose Home of L’Arche Erie Abstract Submission: L’Arche Erie is a faith-based community that provides unity and growth to those with intellectual disabilites.

L’Arche Erie owns various homes where their core members can live and are given the opportunites to personally and professionally develop. The leaders of L’Arche have decided to implement hydroponic gardening in three of their homes. As one of the SEECS Sophomore groups, we have been assigned to work with L’Arche Erie’s Rose Home. Our project will serve as an enrichment tool for the residence of the Rose Home.

36

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Problematic Gaming Habits And Time Management Introduction Problematic gaming or “gaming addiction” is defined as the inability to conclude video game activity, even

when the gaming activity has interfered with relation-

Hypothesis To determine if there is a connection between online gaming and players’ time management skills we hypothesized that people with more problematic gaming habits also will demonstrate worse time management skills.

ships and responsibilities (Kamenetz, 2019). However,

Eden Keith

Morgan Hopkins Discussion In our study, we measured time management skills and online gaming habits of Gannon stu-

dents. Unfortunately, we found there is no significant correlation between time management and

there is controversy regarding the validity of gaming being considered an “addiction” (Kuss & Griggiths,

Tori Simon

Results

2012). It is proposed that problematic gaming is best

We used a Pearson correlation to compare “problematic gaming” scores and time management scores.

described as problematic time management, and not

The data does not indicate that there is a significant correlation between “problematic gaming” character-

“addiction” per se (Männikkö, Ruotsalainen, Tolvanen,

istics and poor time management; Pearson’s r = -0.119, p = 0.406.

& Kääriäinen, 2019). However, there is a lack of evi-

gaming habits. However, we did find a negative correlation. Although the correlation (r = -.119) is not significant, it is at least in the same direction as we predicted. From prior research, realized that effect sizes were likely to be small and we lacked a large sample. In future studies, a bigger

dence linking problematic gaming to problematic time

and more specific sample of online gamers may

management. The purpose of our study is to examine

yield a less ambiguous set of results.

the hypothesis that there is a relationship between

Methods Participants The participants of the survey were recruited

References

online, which linked students to an online version of

Adams, G. A., & Jex, S. M. (1997). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Time Management Behavior scale. Psychological Reports, 80(1), 225–226. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.80.1.225-226

our survey. Participants who completed the survey via Sona Systems were compensated with course

credit. With fifty-one total participants, fifteen were

Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1556/ JBA.1.2012.1.1

male and thirty-six were female.

Materials and Procedure Our study included two surveys with questions based on time management (Adams, 1997) and

Männikkö, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Tolvanen, A., &, M. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and problematic gaming behavior among Finnish vocational school students. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 60(3), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/ sjop.12533

problematic gaming (Kääriäinen et.al., 2019).

Survey Included: • Demographics (gender, graduation year, language, year in school, race/ethnicity, university attending) •

•

Problematic gaming via the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) (Kääriäinen et.al., 2019) Poor time management via the 1990 Time Management Behavioral Scale (Adams, 1997)

Name: Tori Simon Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Psychology Presenter(s): Tori Simon, Eden Keith, Morgan Hopkins Project Mentor: Luke Rosielle Abstract Title: Problematic Gaming Habits and Time Management Abstract Submission: There is controversy surrounding online gaming “addiction” (Kuss & Griggiths, 2012). Some researchers posit the “addictive” behavior seen in problematic gaming is better characterized by poor time management. However, there is little evidence which speaks to the role time management plays in problematic gaming. In our study, we want to determine if there is a connection between online gaming and players’ time management skills. Participants completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and the 1990 Time Management Behavioral Scale (Adams, 1997). We hypothesize that people with more problematic gaming habits also will demonstrate worse time management skills.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

37

Perception of the Quality of Art

Nick Babay Babay008@gannon.edu

Introduction

Results

Method

If my study had not been stopped there are two potentially interesting outcomes. Participants may have chosen pictures based on their feeling of quality and not price. However, based on similar studies performed previously different objects (Plassmann et al., 2008.) May have let price influence their judgments of quality. For example, Plassmann et al., (2008) found participants who consumed exactly the same alcohol with a different price tag then could not tell the difference and enjoyed it the way they would’ve have had the price not been fictitious. This is a phenomenon known as experienced pleasure.

This essentially is the way our brains perceive quality.

One of the main reasons behind my attempt at this study was to determine if this was true for other subjective and consumer evaluated products such as art. I hoped to determine if price was a factor that influenced the perception of art.

The subjective nature of “quality” allows for the characteristic to be subjective. Quality is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as a “ degree of excellence” when used in competing circumstances. As in is one product or item better than another. Quality is something that tends to be correlated with price. Subjective illusive quality tends to drive price. The better the quality the more expensive the item. Similar to a study conducted by Baba Shiv et. al (2008), people receiving wine with higher price tags also perceive a better subjective quality wine.

This occurs even when the true price of the wine is lower than perceived. The quality of the wine may even be subpar, but a high price tag can influence the subjective quality to be better. While this idea is utilized through glasses of wine this may also apply to the subjective nature of art.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine if price is a factor in the case of art. I hypothesized that the perceived price of a painting would be used to determine the subjective quality of the painting.

Data collection was interrupted by the spread of the Covid19 virus; therefore, I was only able to collect data from three participants. All of the three participants choose the less expensive picture. This shows me that the few subjects I did gain data from did not follow my hypothesis in believing that they would want the more expensive picture using price as their indicator of quality. With this being said it still is an uncompleted experiment which could have gone differently had I had a larger subject pool.

Discussion

❑ Participants: undergraduate Gannon students.

Participants were recruited from Gannon university Sona System ❑ Survey: questions were adapted from Hager et. al (2012) using a 5 point Likert scale. I also added one question of my own. I then found two qualitatively similar paintings of art and listed their price in bold. I also labeled each painting 1 and 2. There are four variations in which each painting has the opportunity to be viewed first with the highest price and viewed first with the lowest price. These variations are used to deter confounding variables. ❑ Procedure: Participants enter a classroom at designated times to complete the survey. They are handed a packet and are given 45 minutes to complete the survey.

References

Hager, M., Hagemann, D., Danner, D., & Schankin, A. (2012).

Assessing aesthetic appreciation of visual artworks—The construction of the Art Reception Survey (ARS). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(4), 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028776

❏ Paintings used:

Half of the subjects will see prices switched between paintings. $13.19

Painting #1

$399

I created some hypothetical data to show the two outcomes which could have been

lPassmann, H., O'Doherty, J., Shiv, B., & Rangel, A. (2008, January 22). Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness. Retrieved from https://www.pnas.org/content/105/3/1050

produced from my experiment.

Painting #2

Name: Nick Babay Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Psycology Presenter(s): Nicholas Babay Project Mentor: Luke Rosielle Abstract Title: Perception of the Quality of Art Abstract Submission: Does price affect a consumer’s perception on the quality of a product? Previous research has found that if two identical bottles of wine are given different prices, people rate the bottle that is more expensive as being better in quality (Plassmann et. Al 2008). The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether this phenomenon extends to other subjective and evaluated products such as art. Participants completed the Audience Response Survey (Hagar et. al 2012) with two different paintings listed at two different prices. I am interested in determining if price is a factor that influences the perception of art.

38

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Solar Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System

Hamad Almanee (almanee001@gannon.edu) Abdullah Alsaqer (alsaqer003@gannon.edu) Essa Almeshari (almeshar001@gannon.edu) Dep. of Mechanical Engineering Advisor Dr. Mahboobe Mahdavi

Name: Hamad Almanee Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): Hamad Almanee, Abdullah Alsaqer, Essa Almeshari Project Mentor: Mahboobe Mahdavi Abstract Title: Solar Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System Abstract Submission: The shortage of drinking water is one the challenges facing people in remote areas. Water desalination has become an acceptable solution to address this issue. Humidification and dehumidification desalination is similar to the rain cycle and is one of the feasible options. Traditionally, the energy required for evaporation was provided by the combustion of fossil fuels. These systems suffer from high energy consumption, environmental pollution and high capital cost. An alternative option is to use solar energy to provide the heat for the cycle. The objective of this project is to design a solar humidification-dehumidification desalination system.

The effects of various key parameters, such as increasing the temperature of water or air, on the performance of the system will be investigated.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

39

THE EFFECT OF NANOPARTICLE Dr. Mahboobe Mahdavi CONCENTRATION ON THE MELTING Dr. Saeed Tiari PROCESS OF A PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL UTILIZING VARIOUS CONTAINER ASPECT Carley Sawyer ABSTRACT In the present study, dispersion of highly conductive nanoparticles is used as a heat transfer enhancement method to improve the charging time in latent heat thermal energy storage systems. Rubitherm 55 is used as a phase change material (PCM) and is enclosed in a rectangular container. The melting process commences with the application of heat at the left side-wall. The effect of the concentration of nanoparticles on the melting time is studied for various aspect ratios of the container. The results showed that lower melting time is obtained for wider container (larger aspect ratio). For all the considered cases, addition of the nanoparticles improved the melting time. However, more decrease in melting time was observed for the narrower containers.

KEY WORDS: Latent heat thermal energy storage systems, nanoparticles, aspect ratio, melting

INTRODUCTION Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) offers large storage capacities and a static temperature across phase changes. However, the TES may not be completely optimized due to phase change materials (PCM) low thermal conductivity [1]. The low thermal conductivity of the PCM imposes a large thermal resistance, thereby limiting the heat transfer to the layer next to the heat source. This issue will prolong the melting process which, in turn, will overheat the system and may result in system failure. The thermal conductivity of PCM can be improved by adding nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity [2, 3]. Arusa and Mujumdar [4] studied melting process of paraffin wax PCM in a square cavity assisted by dispersed aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The effect of nanoparticles concentration was studied on the charging time. The dispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles into n-octodecane PCM inside a square cavity was investigated by Dhaidan et al. [5]. The results showed that nanoparticles had positive effects on increasing the thermal conductivity, therefore decreased the melting time. It should be noted that adding nanoparticles also increase the viscosity, therefore may dampen the natural convection and may adversely affect the melting process. The container aspect ratio plays an important role in the progress of melting process as well as the significance of natural convection role. To the authors’ knowledge, the effect of nanoparticles for various aspect ratios is not addressed in the previous studies and will be a focus of this study. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of nanoparticle dispersion on the melting process for various container aspect ratios.

is the sensible heat and tent heat where

Fig.1: Schematic of the LHTES unit Table 1: Dimensions of the container for considered cases CASE

1

2

3

4

5

L (cm)

3

4

4.92

6

8

W (cm)

8

6

4.92

4

3

Table 2: Thermophysical properties of PCM and Cu nanoparticles

Fig. 3: The effect of nanoparticle concentration on liquid fraction history

Table 3: The effect of nanoparticles concentration on the melting time (s) for various aspect ratios

CONCLUSIONS The melting process of Rubitherm 55 enclosed in a rectangular cavity was studied. The melting starts with applying a constant heat flux at the left wall while other walls are insulated. Dispersion of copper nanoparticles was used as the heat transfer enhancement method to accelerate the melting process. The effect of nanoparticles concentration was investigated for various aspect ratios of the container. The results showed that lower melting time was obtained for wider containers or container with larger aspect ratios. Dispersion of nanoparticles improved the melting time for all the studied cases. However, melting time was decreased more at the same nanoparticle concentration when narrower container was used.

Governing Equations and Numerical Method

Continuity equation

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors would like to acknowledge Gannon University for the financial support.

(1)

Fig. 2: Effect of container aspect ratio on the melting evolution

PHYSICAL MODEL

The charging process starts by applying a constant heat flux at the left wall while all the other walls are insulated. The melting starts from the room temperature of 298 K. For all the cases 100 W of heat is considered, therefore the heat flux for each case is calculated such that the total applied heat remains as 100W. Rubitherm 55 with the listed properties in Table 2 is selected as the PCM and copper nanoparticle are chosen as the nanoparticles.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 2 shows the melting progress of the pure PCM inside various containers with the dimensions listed in Table 1. The first row shows the results at 2400 seconds after the start of the melting and the second row presents the results after 4800 seconds. Corresponding values of the liquid fractions are given for each case. The results show that as expected, similar melting pattern is obtained for all the considered aspect ratios. The upward motion of the PCM is well-established at both times and more melting is observed at the upper part of the container. The results show that melting advances faster for the wider container. As the aspect ratio (L/W) decreases, the melting time increases.

Enthalpy porosity technique is used to model melting of the pure PCM and nano-enhanced PCM inside the cavity.

Momentum equations

The schematic of the physical domain is illustrated in Fig.1. The rectangle has a width of W and length of L. Five different cases are considered with the dimensions given in Table 1. The area is kept constant for all the cases so the amount of the contained PCM remains the same.

is the la-

is the latent heat of fusion.

For the cases with nanoPCM, effective properties should be used. It is assumed that the nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly and they only affect the thermophysical properties of the PCM. Equations to calculate the effective properties of the nanoPCM can be found in author’s previous work [3]. ANSYS-FLUENT 19.0 is used to develop a transient twodimensional model. The validation of the model can be found in author’s previous work [2]. Three various grid sizes of 10000, 20000 and 40000 elements are adopted to check out the grid independency. The results were checked for two time step sizes of 0.1 and 1 second. The results showed that the 10000 grids and time step of 1s are sufficient.

The results summarized in Table 3 show that the melting time is about 6826 s for case 1 and 8784 s for case 5, which is an increase of 28% for the melting time.

(2)

is a small number to prevent the division by zero, is the mushy zone constant and is selected as in the current study. is the liquid volume fraction and which can be calculated based on the temperatures of solid and liquid phases. is the thermal expansion coefficient.

Figure 3 shows the effect of dispersion of nanoparticles for cases 1 and 5. The results show that for both cases, adding nanoparticles improves the melting rate however, the improvement is more significant in case 5 with lower aspect ratio. It can be noticed that at the beginning of the melting, addition of nanoparticles does not have a significant effect.

In general, adding copper nanoparticles improves thermal conductivity and the reduces latent heat that favorably affects the melting process.

However, it increases the viscosity that may dampen the natural convection. Overall, the results presented in Table 3 shows that for all the considered cases in the current study, dispersion of copper nanoparticles decreases the melting time. It is also revealed that for the narrower containers or lower aspect ratios, the effect of nanoparticles was more significant.

The energy stored results are not presented here but the study of stored energy showed that the storage energy decreases as the nanoparticle concentration increases mainly due to the decrease in the latent heat.

REFERENCES [1] Al-Jethelah M., Tasnim S.H., Mahmud S., Dutta A., "Nano-PCM filled energy storage system for solar-thermal applications, Renew Energ, 126, pp.137-155 (2018).

[2] Mahdavi M., Tiari S., Pawar V., "Heat Transfer Analysis of a LowTemperature Heat Pipe-Assisted Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System With Nano-Enhanced PCM", in: Proc. of ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vol. Volume 6B: Energy, (2018).

[3] Tiari S., Mahdavi M., Thakore V., Joseph S., "Thermal Analysis of a High-Temperature Heat Pipe-Assisted Thermal Energy Storage System With Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material", Proc. of ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vol. Volume 6B: Energy, (2018).

[4] Arasu A.V., Mujumdar A.S., "Numerical study on melting of paraffin wax with Al2O3 in a square enclosure", Int. Commun Heat Mass, 39, pp. 8-16 (2012).

[5] Dhaidan N.S., Khodadadi J.M., Al-Hattab T.A., Al-Mashat S.M., "Experimental and numerical investigation of melting of phase change material/nanoparticle suspensions in a square container subjected to a constant heat flux", Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.,66, pp. 672-683 (2013).

Name: Carley Sawyer Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): Carley Sawyer Project Mentor: Mahboobe Mahdavi Abstract Title: Effect of container aspect ratio on the melting process of a nanoenhanced phase change material in latent heat thermal energy storage systems Abstract Submission: In latent heat thermal energy storage systems, energy is stored and released through melting and solidification of a phase change material (PCM). Integration of such systems into concentrated solar power generations systems helps to bridge the gap between energy supply and energy demand. However, the performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems is often limited due to the low thermal conductivity of the phase change material. To mitigate this issue, heat transfer enhancement techniques can be implemented to improve the thermal performance of the system. In the present study, the effect of dispersing highly conductive nanoparticles into the PCM is investigated numerically. Rubitherm 55 is used as a PCM and is enclosed in a rectangular container. The melting process commences with the application of heat at the right side-wall. The effect of the concentration of nanoparticles on the heat transfer surface temperature and the melting time is studied for various aspect ratios of the container.

40

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Sampling Ground Beef products for Clostridium spp.

Contamination Levels in Local Grocery Stories of Erie, PA Dr. Matthew D. Gacura, Dr. Gary Vanderlaan, Ruqaya Kareem, Alex Stauff Department of Microbiology

Findings

Abstract

The dilution of the countable plates determined for each sample varied between the two qualities. The countable plate dilution for both 73% lean ground beef samples were 10-3, while the 96% lean ground beef samples were 10-1 for the perimeter sample and 10-2 for the center sample. This implies that we are potentially going to calculate a higher number of microbial colonies for the low-quality meat since it required more dilution to produce a countable data.

After the SPC and the normalized SPC of the four “countable plates” were calculated using the formulas provided in the methods section, it was visible that the lower quality ground beef had more aerobic bacteria than the higher quality. As can be seen in table 1, the normalized SPC of the 73% lean ground beef had about 10 times the number of microbial colonies of the 96% lean ground beef. This indicates that there is a difference between the microbial colonies found within different meat qualities, thus making it clear that the price of meat (as it increases) has a negative correlation with the number of bacterial colonies.

Although the general ground beef qualities had a clear difference in the microbial contamination found, the difference between the number of microbial colonies of the center and perimeter samples for each meat quality had a different correlation. The center sample of the 96% lean ground beef had more aerobic bacterial colonies than the perimeter sample of the 96% lean ground beef. However, the center sample of the 73% lean ground beef had less aerobic bacterial colonies than the perimeter sample of the 73% lean ground beef. Thus, more ground beef qualities must be tested to make a more reliable conclusion to address the difference between bacterial growth across the ground beef tray with different exposure to oxygen.

Customers of lower socioeconomic status will tend to buy the products that are more affordable, or cheaper, such as buying the 73% lean ground beef rather than the 96% lean.

However, by doing that, they are exposing themselves to a higher possibility of acquiring foodborne illnesses. This data must be considered to ensure the well-being of the people who are disadvantaged and not capable of paying more to receive a better-quality meat.

Ground beef, being a highly processed meat, has exposure to many different surfaces thus being encountering more microbes than other meats. These microbes include the genus Clostridium, that has caused several sporadic outbreaks in the US. However, the relationship between the socioeconomic level of customers to their exposure to those microbes have not been efficiently documented yet. Using nutrients agar (LB agar), this study was able to find that lower quality beef (lower % lean) harbored a greater amount of obligate aerobic bacteria. After finding the difference of growth in the meat samples, we will experiment using sulfite-polymyxinsulfadiazine (SPS) agar – for detection of the growth of C. botulinum and C. perfringens.

We hypothesize that ground beef of lower quality (i.e. lower % lean) will have a greater amount of potential pathogens. Additionally, we hypothesize that the sampling methodology itself might reveal a greater number of obligate aerobes and facultatively aerobic microbes near the center of the ground beef compared to its periphery.

Methods § Preparing 21 plates with LB agar. § Ground beef of two different qualities (73% lean and 96% lean) collected from a store in Erie, PA. § The two different meat qualities were sampled from two different areas, the center and the perimeter, producing four meat samples. § Five serial dilutions of each of the four meat samples were made (including the cumulative dilution of 100, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4), producing 20 plates. § A control plate was produced by leaving it empty and containing only the agar components. § The inoculation of the agar plates was done using the spread-plate method. § The plates were incubated at 37°C for two consecutive days (48 hours). § Then, a “countable plate” is chosen for each meat sample from the serial dilutions. A countable plate is determined by qualitatively observing which of the plates (from each meat sample) have bacteria colonies ranging from 30 to 300 colonies. § The number of colony forming units (CFU) are then counted in all four countable plates (as shown in table 1). § The standard plate count (SPC) is then calculated by using: § SPC = CFU/(cumulative dilution*volume plated). § Then, the normalized SPC is calculated using: § Normalized SPC = SPC/original beef sample aliquot. § These steps will be repeated when using another agar, to test for a specific bacteria (SPC for the growth of Clostridium spp.).

Graph 1 – Microbial Counts of Ground Beef Samples (Linear)

Conclusion While other studies have focused on just determining the types and number of bacterial colonies present in different meat products, this study has focused on filling a gap in existing research by determining how the price of ground beef effects the amount of bacterial colonies present in meat. It also effects the consumer and their exposure to varying foodborne illnesses.

After finishing this initial experiment, a new experiment will be done using either SPC or another agar that will test for the presence of Clostridium spp. Also, the next experiment will eventually have enough data to compare the center and perimeter samples and determine if there is a similar correlation between the two.

Graph 2 – Microbial Counts of Ground Beef Samples (Semi-log)

Name: Ruqaya Kareem Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biology Presenter(s): Ruqaya Kareem, Alex Stauff Project Mentor: Matthew Gacura Abstract Title: Sampling ground beef products for Clostridium spp. contamination levels in local grocery stores of Erie, PA Abstract Submission: Ground beef is a vector for the transfer of some pathogens, including Clostridium. Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning in the United States, while Clostridium botulinum is the cause of botulism. We hypothesize that lower quality ground beef might harbor more pathogens, and that more obligate anaerobes and facultatively anaerobic microbes would appear near the center of the ground beef.Ground beef of four different qualities will be obtained from a store in Erie, PA. If anaerobic growth is detected using nutrient agar plates, sampling experiments will be repeated using specialized media that favors growth of C. botulinum and C. perfringens.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

41

[ Visual Translator Mobile Application ]

Abstract There is a growing population of foreign-born citizens within the United States domestic labor force. Adequate resources have not been afforded to these citizens to help them secure common working/middle class positions because of their limited proficiency in the English language. The cross-platform Visual Translator application is meant to eradicate this impediment which will help aspiring members of our labor force secure positions that otherwise would not have been possible. This will consequently lead to lower unemployment rates and increase the quality of life for non-native English-speaking families. Using the 2019 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bureau of Labor Statisticsâ&#x20AC;? report conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor we were able to conduct a secondary study of our target consumer and conclude which work environments would benefit them the most. The initial release of our app will have the ability to translate common items applicable to 4+ different workplace environments in 3 different ways being text, audio, and image. The app will be made available in both the Google Play Store for android users as well as the App Store for iOS users. This tool will exponentially help over 63 million employees familiarize themselves with the terms completely necessary to performing their daily tasks and communicating on a basic level with fellow co-workers.

The following chart identifies the work top environments in which most immigrant workers are employed. We used that information to decide which work environments we would support in the initial release of our app being Construction, Agriculture, Office Space, and Kitchen

Working Model We are in the development stage of our app and have successfully integrated many of the key features that the app offers. The app styling is still a work a progress but the navigation and feel of the app will remain. The progress that we have implemented to date can be viewed below.

Jeremiah Brennin Nelson Castillo Monetization Model Keeping our project well-funded will be instrumental to the short and long-term success of this application upon global deployment. Development expenditures were minimized with the software components that we utilized but being able to market the app and increase the size of our team are essential to growth and ultimate survival as a business. We have identified 6 monetization techniques that will ultimately generate the most revenue for our Visual Translator application. This will maximize profits and subsequently deliver the best product to our consumers.

Features The screens below show the key features our app offers that set us apart from all other competitors. Future features include searching for terms in your own native language, taking pictures of items to send to our development team for review to be added to our database, and including a definition to be associated with each item.

Target User Demographic Research The statistics below were gathered from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018 Report. They demonstrate how a system continues to persist where foreign born citizens are at a major disadvantage when it comes to domestic employment because of their inability to speak English to a standard that is adequate for common middle/working class positions in our workforce.

Conclusion This journey has been so exciting for each and every member of the Visual Translator team. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve had the opportunity to work on a problem that has been either experienced or witnessed first-hand by all of us in some facet of our life being from diverse multicultural backgrounds. The team is not cross disciplinary, but we do bring a different range of skills and perspectives to the table. The team did not foresee for the support and interest we have garnered from several members of the CIS department here at Gannon and it is a pleasant surprise how available our staff has made themselves to meet outside of the classroom and talk at such extensive lengths of time and with explicit detailing and guidance. We have turned an idea into a working model to be tested by users in less than a year and cannot wait to share our progress with the world in the near future!

Name: Jeremiah Brennin Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Computer and Information Science Presenter(s): Jeremiah Brennin, Nelson Castillo Project Mentor: Nathan Carlin Abstract Title: Visual Translator Mobile Application Abstract Submission: There is a growing population of foreign-born citizens within the United States domestic labor force. Adequate resources have not been afforded to these citizens to help them secure common working/middle class positions because of their limited proficiency in the English language. The Visual Translator application is meant to eradicate this impediment. Our app will have the ability to translate common items applicable to 4+ different workplace environments in 3 different ways being text, audio, and image.

This resource will consequently lead to lower unemployment rates and exponentially increase the quality of life for non-native Englishspeaking families.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

ENT Surgical Sensing System Alexis Palmiotto1, Sabrina Kosnik1, Nick Devine1 and Davide Piovesan1 1Biomedical,

Retrofitted System for Surgery

System to Improve Safety • Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy uses one device for ablation and cauterization • Control of functions is from two pedals out of surgical field of view, increasing the risk of pressing the incorrect pedal • Results of mistakes include potentially fatal injuries and complications.

• Propose adding a visual feedback system safety feature • Detects which pedal will be pressed, allowing time for correction The visual cues will be directly in the surgeon’s field of view • Will be removable and disposable after each use to ensure sterility of each patient • The purpose of the system will be to improve the safety and efficiency of this common procedure.

(a) Currently working with Erie, Pa based ENT surgeon to develop solution and observed one of their surgeries to determine any constraints and approaches.

(b)

(c)

(d)

Basic Electrical Set-up Previous Approaches

•

Types of sensors

1. Near infrared motion sensor: very low range to avoid interference. Must be placed at correct angles to avoid interference 2. Magnetic sensor: magnetic sensor would be placed on the pedal. Magnetic strip would be placed in shoe coverings 3. Pressure Sensor strip attached to foot pedal: possible issue being that it may not react with surgeon’s shoes or shoe covering due to interference. Foot would be touching it so there would be little time for indication

(c) 3D printed model designed using Creo ® and printed using filament printers to mimic the setup of the surgical room

(d) A mannequin head and mouth retractor have been purchased to begin setting up a surgical simulation area to test our product

(e) A preliminary circuit has been designed using an Arduino Uno board and bread board with two different colored lights and programmed using the Arduino software

• Inefficiently looking at the pedals before switching function • Distinguishing the two pedals with the use of feel by the ‘Blation Bounce’, which is essentially half of a bulb from an irrigation syringe attached to the left pedal, and proved to be unfavorable to most surgeons • Each function is already associated with a different sound, although the frequencies are difficult to distinguish between and therefore, unreliable

New Solution

Types of Lighting

1. One-time flash: the light would flash one time as the foot was approaching the pedal, but prior to touching it 2. Continuous flash: the light would flash continuously as the foot was approaching the pedal, but prior to touching it 3. Continuous light: the light would be continuous upon pressing of the pedal 4. “Stoplight System” : this would be the combination of the onetime flash or continuous flash combined with the continuous light. Light would blink as the foot approaches the pedal and then continuously shows

(b) Surgical pedals for ablation and cauterization that are used during surgical procedures

(a)

•

Options for Sensors and Lights

Product Simulation Set-up

Reducing Risk of Surgical Injury • Currently used device is the Arthrocare ENT Coblator II surgical system which does not allow for clear distinction between the two functions, cauterization and ablation • Ablation and cauterization are controlled by two foot pedals, yellow and blue respectfully, outside of the surgical field of view • Distinguishability is important because mistakenly pressing the incorrect pedal can lead to potentially fatal injuries and complications due to the tonsil and adenoid’s close proximity to the carotid arteries

Industrial and Systems Engineering, Gannon University, Erie, PA

(e)

Future Work To be completed by the end of the Semester

• Finalize the type(s) of sensor and add the sensors to the circuit • Finalize the type(s) of lighting that will be used • Make the circuit wireless by adding a second Arduino Uno board, receiver, and transmitter • Decrease the size of the product to make it attachable to the surgical tray • Purchase a surgical tray • Finish setting up a simulation area and test the final product • Make the product disposable

• •

Other Possible Applications

Visual feedback system for other types of medical procedures Driving a car, motorcycle, or other type of vehicle (to distinguish between the gas and brake pedal)

References

Implement a visual feedback system to differentiate between functions by use of a set-up within the field of view Provides feedback before function activation to allow for error correction

Anon, J. and Rodriguez, S., “Safety adaptation for Coblation device”, ENT-Ear, Nose, and Throat Journal, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 852-5, 2009.

Name: Alexis Palmiotto Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Presenter(s): Alexis Palmiotto, Sabrina Kosnik Project Mentor: Nick Devine Abstract Title: ENT Surgical Feedback System Abstract Submission: Currently, one device is used for ablation and cauterization during tonsillectomy procedures. This is controlled by two pedals out of the field of view, posing the risk of pressing the incorrect pedal, which can cause potentially fatal injuries and complications. A visual feedback system safety feature will be added to the device. The system will detect which pedal will be pressed, allowing time for correction. The visual cues will be directly in the surgeon’s field of view. It will be removable and disposable after each use. This system will improve the safety and efficiency of this common procedure.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

43

Adipokine chemerin-induced inflammatory response and modulation of insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamic neurons

Olivia M. Wirfel, Julia R. Del Ponte, Allison F. Ahl, Ryan J. McCann, Prasad S. Dalvi Department of Biology, Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences Email: dalvi001@gannon.edu

Abstract

Introduction (continued)

 Investigation of signaling pathways and inflammatory markers activated by chemerin in the hypothalamus: • Using the hypothalamic neuronal cell lines, we will study the effect of chemerin on inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro. In particular, we will focus on the effect of chemerin on ChemR23.

• As the neuronal signaling pathways activated by chemerin remain unknown, activation of Erk and Akt pathways, in addition to NF-ĸB, will be studied in the hypothalamic cell lines using Western blot analysis.

• We will characterize alterations in the expression of genes such as NPY/AgRP and POMC in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by real-time RTPCR. • We will study whether and how chemerin induces insulin resistance or enhances insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neurons.

Introduction The hypothalamus in the brain regulates appetite by sensing levels of nutrients consumed in the food and detecting the levels of body fat reserve. Increased appetite may lead to obesity and development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A small protein called chemerin, synthesized by fat cells, has been found to signal the hypothalamus to regulate appetite. Chemerin levels in the blood were found to be increased in humans affected by obesity, thus correlating well with increased body fat mass.

However, recent research demonstrated that chemerin prevented further body weight increase in the obese individuals by decreasing food intake via modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides that regulate appetite. At present the mechanisms by which chemerin triggers changes in the hypothalamic neuropeptides remain unknown. To understand which appetite-regulating neuropeptides and genes are affected by chemerin, we will use hypothalamic immortalized neuronal cell models to investigate how specific genes in the hypothalamus are regulated. This will be the first study to investigate which neuronal genes are targeted by chemerin and how these changes may modulate appetite. If chemerin promotes suppression of appetite, we will have identified a possible nutritional intervention aimed at prevention of overeating and thereby obesity. This study will also highlight a possible link between obesity and the development of T2DM.

Methods  Use of mouse hypothalamic immortalized neuronal cell models: Our collaborator, Dr. Denise Belsham, at the University of Toronto, Canada has generated mouse embryonic- and adult-derived hypothalamic neuronal cell models to conduct this research study.

Increased appetite may lead to obesity and development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. Chemerin, a small fat cell-derived protein, has been found to signal the hypothalamus to regulate appetite. To understand which appetite-regulating neuropeptides and genes are affected by chemerin, we will use hypothalamic immortalized neuronal cell models to investigate how specific genes are regulated. This will be the first study to investigate which genes are targeted by chemerin and how these changes may modulate appetite. If chemerin promotes suppression of appetite, we will have identified a possible nutritional intervention aimed at prevention of overeating.

Figure 1. Obesity and excessive chemerin leading to Type 2 Diabetes. Elevated amounts of chemerin production generates inflammation which in turn elevates chemerin secretion. This cycle increases the likelihood of obesity, as well as altering the uptake of glucose. Both of these are factors in causing Type 2 Diabetes. (Adapted from ScienceDirect by M.C. Ernst, C.J. Sinal, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043276010001311)

Objectives 1.To investigate the signaling pathways activated by chemerin in hypothalamic appetite-regulating neurons.  To analyze treated cells for protein expression of cAMP, Erk, Akt and NF-kB to determine the signaling pathways.

2.To determine the inflammatory markers and appetite-regulating neuropeptide genes affected by chemerin in hypothalamic appetite-regulating neurons.  To perform dosing studies for chemerin and analyze protein and mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

3.To investigate whether chemerin induces or rescues insulin resistance in the hypothalamic neurons.  To perform dosing studies for chemerin and analyze whether chemerin induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamic neurons by investigating insulin signaling pathways.

Significance  This research will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemerin action on the hypothalamic appetite regulation and provide important opportunities for new therapies to prevent or treat obesity.  This research is critical for the improvement of health care, and also for long-term cost benefits to the health care system through the development of improved preventive and treatment strategies.

Acknowledgements  Gannon University (for providing research funding)  Biology Department, Gannon University (for providing the research lab space and support)  Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada (for providing the cell lines)

Name: Olivia Wirfel Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biology Presenter(s): Olivia Wirfel, Julia Del Ponte, Allison Ahl, Ryan McCann Project Mentor: Prasad Dalvi Abstract Title: Adipokine chemerin-induced inflammatory response and modulation of insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamic neurons Abstract Submission: Increased appetite may lead to obesity and development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes.

Chemerin, a small fat cell-derived protein, has been found to signal the hypothalamus to regulate appetite. To understand which appetite-regulating neuropeptides and genes are affected by chemerin, we will use hypothalamic immortalized neuronal cell models to investigate how specific genes are regulated. This will be the first study to investigate which genes are targeted by chemerin and how these changes may modulate appetite. If chemerin promotes suppression of appetite, we will have identified a possible nutritional intervention aimed at prevention of overeating.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

SMART WORKOUT MIRROR Yazed Almulhem, Muath Kenany, Abdullah Alshaie Gannon University - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Abstract

A Smart Workout Mirror is a two-way mirror with a built-in display monitor behind the mirror. The monitor shows important notifications, such as time, date, weather forecast, and news. The mirror demonstrates the exercises by connecting the mirror to a smartphone or a tablet.

Network connection system

Project software system

Wi-Fi connected to the raspberryry-pi4Mirror can be connected raspberryrypi-4 to Android phone by using custom Using Bluetooth to connect speaker and sensors

The project goal is to help users to achieve fitness goals without leaving their home while assisting by and interacting with virtual coaches. The problems that we want to solve in this project is two main things. First, the market price. Second, giving people who canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t reach the Gym to work out from home.

Operating System

Faculty Advisor Dr. Ramakrishnan Sundaram

Our Team

Add your information, graphs and images to this section.

Raspbian It is recommended for new users.

It used for Office suite, web browsing, programming, DIY projects. Memory size 2530 MB. Which can be download in a micro Memory with 8-16GB which can have different speed transfer data based on the micro Memory.

Figure 2 Network Connection System

Method and the Build Up Component System and the Final Shape

Figure 5 The Team

In this figure from left to right, Abdullah Alshaie, Yazed Almulhem, Muath Kenany. Our team is consisting of three-members of (EEE) Electrical engineering major. The team met every week to work as a group. Our team also worked as individually on the project and each one has a part to complete.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Dr. Ram, Dr, Jung, Dr. Mak, and Dr. Zhao and everyone who helped us and give us the feedback and comments to complete this project.

2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac wireless, Bluetooth 5.0, BLEMicroHDMI ports H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode) Micro-SD card slot for loading operating system and data storage5V DC via USB-C connector5V DC via GPIO header

Figure 3. Build up Components System

Figure 4 Final Shape of the Project Figure 1 Operating System

Name: Abdullah Alshaie Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical and Electronic Engineering Presenter(s): Abdulla Alshaie, Muath Kenany, Yazed Almulhem Project Mentor: Ramakrishnan Sundaram Abstract Title: Smart Workout Mirror Abstract Submission: A Smart Workout Mirror is a two-way mirror with a built-in display monitor behind the mirror. The monitor shows important notifications, such as time, date, weather forecast, and news. The mirror demonstrates the exercises by connecting the mirror to a smartphone or a tablet. The project goal is to help users to achieve fitness goals without leaving their home while assisting by and interacting with virtual coaches. The problems that we want to solve in this project is two main things. First, the market price. Second, giving people who canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t reach the Gym to work out from home.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

45

Synthesis, Purification, and Infrared Spectroscopy of Peptides Katie Galgozy, Alyssa Monohon and Ria Betush, Ph.D

Abstract

Synthesis and Purification

Self-assembling peptides have applications in controlled release drug delivery, vaccine development, and wound healing. Peptides with alternating polar and nonpolar amino acids tend to form β-sheets in water that extend into fibrils. Multiple peptides were synthesized with L and D amino acids using variants of the Ac-FKFEFKFE-NH2 sequence. These were synthesized on a solid resin and cleaved under acidic conditions.

Methods for purification were developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration curves were created from a sequence of serial dilutions run in triplicate. Purified peptides were assembled in D2O and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Synthesis of Peptides Peptides were synthesized using Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) solid-phase peptide synthesis. Fmoc protecting groups were present on each amino acid in order to prevent side reactions from occurring during coupling. Following the addition of each amino acid, the peptide was deprotected using piperidine and DMF. This allowed the peptide to be built continuously from the C-terminus to the N-terminus. Several washes were done between coupling in order to remove any side products. The final steps of the synthesis remove the side chain protecting groups and cleave the resin bead.

A

B

C

Figure 3. A. Peptide swelled in solvent for synthesis. B. Peptide dried once synthesized, prior to cleavage. C. (top) Peptide cleaved f rom resin and dis solved in DMSO before purification and (bottom) peptide once purified and dried.

Figure 1. Formation of β-sheet fibrils

Introduction Self-assembling peptides have drawn interest due to their application to biomaterial and biomedical applications. Modifications have been made to these peptides in order to alter their mechanical properties, selfassembling propensities, and trigger conditions to self assemble.

Most peptides studied use biologically relevant L amino acids. D peptides have been studied more recently as they have increased proteolytic stability for all D peptides and end D substituted peptides, where the middle section remains L to maintain biological function.

Figure 4. Once the sequence was completely added, the N-terminus of our peptides were acetylated. The C-terminus of our peptides were cleaved using tri fluoroacetic acid (TFA) to remove the resin and all side chain protecting groups. This limits charge interactions to the side chains.

Ac-FKfefkFE-NH2

Ac-fkfeFKFE-NH2

Two problematic compounds are TFA remaining from purification, with a peak around 1672 cm-1 and water, with a peak in the low 1600s. Instead of assembling the peptides in H2O, D2O was used, which appears lower in the IR spectrum due to its increased mass. To remove the TFA interference, but maintain an acidic pH, DCl (deuterated chloride) was exchanged by freeze-drying to completely remove water and TFA. Figure 7. FKFEFKFE at 0 days after 1 minute vortexing, with and without TFA. The 1690 cm-1 is only visible in the spectrum without TFA.

Figure 8. FKfekfFE at 7 days after 1 minute vortexing, with and without TFA. The unstructured region around 1645 cm-1 overlaps the TFA region.

Purification and Concentration Determination The crude peptide was dissolved in DMSO and purified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in acetonitrile and water. To separate the peaks, the acetonitrile concentration was increased over time. The peptide contains slightly polar and nonpolar regions, so as the concentration of acetonitrile increases over the run, the peptide moves down the HPLC column and past the detector to be collected. Impurities should be separated due to slightly different overall compound polarities.

The well studied L-Ac-FKFEFKFE-NH2 has been modified to contain both D (lowercase, blue and L (capital, red) amino acids in three different conformations. All three have been shown to assemble into fibrils visible by transmission electron microscopy, shown below at 7 days after assembly.

Ac-fkFEFKfe-NH2

Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) uses the vibrations caused by infrared radiation to determine types of chemical bonds. The carbonyl (C=O) stretch of the amide bond in peptides and proteins appears as a stretch between 1600 and 1720 cm-1. A β-sheet peptide is expected to display a stretch around 1620-30 cm-1 and a small peak at 1690 cm-1 if the sheets are antiparallel, as is expected.

Figure 5. (left) A purification run showing all the peaks from the crude peptide, with the desired product at ~15 min. (right) A run of purified peptide to confirm purity (early and late peaks are related to concentration changes in the column).

Once the peptide was purified, in order to complete additional testing, the amount of peptide in a sample needed to be determined. The lyophilized peptide was mixed with 40% acetonitrile in water, vortexed for 1 minute, and ran through the HPLC again. A set of five serial dilutions were completed and run in triplicate to allow for an accurate slope and concentration curve, confirmed by amino acid analysis. The highest concentration was removed to provide a best fit with R2 = 0.9976.

Figure 6. Concentration curve of Ac-FKFEFKFE-NH2

Figure 2. ChemDraw structures and TEM images for each peptide

Conclusion & Acknowledgments Work is underway to study the isotope edited versions of these peptides

by FTIR. The 13C label on the carbonyl carbon should shift lower towards 1600 cm-1. The distance of the shift is based upon interactions between the peptide strands and can give us insight into how the individual strands interact.

Additional peptides with modifications to peptide chain length are being synthesized and studied by FTIR to further understand these peptides assembles.

We would like to thank Gannon University’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for continued support and the Nilsson Lab at the University of Rochester for their contributions to experimentation including MALDI-MS and TEM imaging.

References Zhang, S.; Holmes, T.; Lockshin, C.; Rich, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90, 3334.

Marini, D. M.; Hwang, W.; Lauffenburger, D. A.; Zhang, S.; Kamm, R. D. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 295.

Swanekamp, R.; Dimaio, J.; Bowerman, C.; Nilsson, B. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2012. 134. 5556-9.

Betush R.J., Urban J.M., Nilsson B.L. Peptide Science. 2018, 110 (1), e23099.

Name: Alyssa Monohon Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Chemistry Presenter(s): Alyssa Monohon, Katherine Galgozy Project Mentor: Ria Betush Abstract Title: Synthesis, Purification, and Infrared Spectroscopy of Peptides Abstract Submission: Self-assembling peptides have applications in controlled release drug delivery, vaccine development, and wound healing. Peptides with alternating polar and nonpolar amino acids tend to form Î_-sheets in water that extend into fibrils.

Multiple peptides were synthesized with L and D amino acids using variants of the Ac-FKFEFKFE-NH2 sequence. These were synthesized on a solid resin and cleaved under acidic conditions. Methods for purification were developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration curves were created from a sequence of serial dilutions run in triplicate. Purified peptides were assembled in D2O and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

ELEVATOR DRAIN TEST STAND FOR ZURN INDUSTRIES Griffin Virgil, Drew Bower, Jonathon Yuhouse, Andrew Livingston, Casey Ireson, Dr. Robert Michael INTRODUCTION

The Z899 elevator trench drain is one of Zurn’s products to be implemented in the San Francisco region. This product serves to capture water in a building fire emergency to prevent water from entering the elevator shaft, rending it inoperable. To satisfy this 2013 San Francisco Fire Code, Zurn Industries needs a way to test their Z899 trench elevator drain systems to verify that these drains can handle at least 100 gallons per minute (GPM). The construction of the test stand should simulate the cascading water conditions that the typical elevator drain will be subjected to in a typical high-rise building. Also, this design should replace their previous makeshift test stand that was constructed of wood and plastic sheathing. Moreover, Zurn’s Z899 drains come in a plethora of dimensions. This drain tester must be able to accommodate all drains from 36 inches in length to 96 inches. For longevity of the system, Zurn requires the system to be fabricated with type 304 stainless steel. A successful design will be able to test any size of drain and allow for the testing of drains with very little setup time..

ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to design and construct a stainless-steel elevator trench drain tester for use by Zurn Industries. To ensure a successful design, the updated 2013 San Francisco Fire Code must be validated. Thus, the apparatus will be responsible for validating all sizes of Zurn’sZ899 elevator trench drain can withstand at least 100 gallons per minute of water in a fire scenario. This stand will also enable Zurn employees to perform tests more efficiently by reducing set up time, which will be accomplished by implementing already existing mechanisms like chains, gears, rollers, casters, and hand cranks.

DRAIN SPECIFICATIONS Overall channel width shall be 11-1/2" [292mm] and have an 9-3/8" [238mm] throat. Channels are made of #12 ga. fabricated stainless steel conforming to ASTM A-240 (type 304) including anchoring straps, and will feature a black powder coating on interior and exterior surfaces. The outlet on each channel will be centered. Channel to be provided with custom -SWG stainless steel wire grate, conforming to ASTM A-240 (type 304), that locks down to the channel with vandal-proof flathead machine screws. This grate is rated for Class A per the DIN EN1433 top load classification, complies with both ADA and Heel-Proof requirements, and has an open area of 64.9 sq. in/ft. [1373.7 sq. cm/m]. Optional -FS fabricated slotted grate has an open area of 35.91 sq. in/ft [760.1 sq. cm/ m] and also complies with ADA and Heel-Proof requirements. This system has been designed to comply with SFFC Code, Section 511.1 for a 100 GPM flow rate. (Replaces Z895-94)

OUR DESIGN We plan on using mechanisms that are already proven to be feasible and effective, as we are recommended to use existing components and structures. No further calculations would need to be approved in this regard. By using the density of water at room temperature and assuming 4 inches of water uniformly over the surface of the tabletop, we found that the applied pressure to the tabletop is approximately 0.1492 psi. In addition, the table will also see a load from the weight of the stainless-steel sheets that make up the top surface. Together, these loading assumptions will serve as a basis for design moving forward. This conservative approach will ensure that the end-product has a greater amount of integrity for unforeseen loading circumstances as compared to just assuming an uneven weight distribution with the flowing water.

For the adjustable walls that bound the drain, we first added round corners to the end of the table where the drain sits.

Since these two corners are rounded, added width to the tabletop is necessary given that a 90-degree radius was incorporated into each of the rounded corners. An image of the rollers and adjustable walls can be seen in Figure 1. Upon consulting with our faculty advisor, Dr. Michael, we thought of using a form of rubber known as Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber (EPDM). EPDM is much more flexible and recovers nicely from sharp bends. More testing and analysis may be needed to ensure proper lengths of the adjustable walls. A high-level concept of the tabletop with its chamfered edges can be seen in Figure 2. This concept features a four leg stand with dual channel supports running the length of the underside, as well as a welded barrier to create a water reservoir. The overall size our table is 104” x 96”, where the drain sits. We expect the height to range from 36” to 48” (3-4 feet); however, 48” will probably not be seen unless set as a requirement.

Figure 1:Roller/Rail System for Adjusting Wall

prevent galvanic corrosion. This insulator will be the same material as the adjustable walls, EPDM. Each of the jacks can support 1,500 lbs and will be mounted on locking casters for mobility. Below in Figure 4 is an example of the type of jack that will be used.

To achieve adjustability, a chain drive mechanism will be implemented. This drive will be hand controlled through a crank mounted on the side of the test stand, ideally. This side mount will allow for any needed clearance at the drain outlet. The spinning of the crank will control the distance between the ends of the rubber walls, which allows each wall to meet and seal against the sides of the drain. This system would allow for precise movement of the walls and provide a mechanical advantage to the user. Also, this setup will enable the walls to move at the same rate which will automatically center the drain on the table. A concept can be seen below in Figure 3. This system will utilize meshed spur gears to time the side of the sliding wall together. These will drive shafts, attached to which will be 24T-35 sprockets, translating the walls. A worm and work gear setup will be used to transfer power at a 90-degree angle, thus increasing the torque.

Figure 5: Zurn’s Z899 Elevator Trench Drain

CURRENT STATUS

Another feature of the test stand is the leveling mechanism, as the test stand may be on sloped ground. This ensures that the drain test is similar to the flat floors in buildings, thus simulating a real-world scenario. Our contact at Zurn suggested that the leveling function should be as simple as a hydraulic office chair which can be raised and lowered by use of a lever. To replicate this, a swivel jack will be built into all the test stand table legs, where the legs will be hollow stainless-steel tubing. All four (4) legs could then be adjusted with lever action. This will require an insulator between the aluminum plate of the jack and the stainless-steel table leg, to

Originally, we had goals to create a prototype to determine the best way to create the seals around the edges of the table and the drains and to provide a final physical product by the end of the spring semester. These goals have now changed due to the social distancing that has been enforced with the spread of COVID-19. Prototypes are not possible at this time, and funding for the project has been frozen. CAD models and necessary schematics in addition to excel spreadsheets containing parts and sample costs will be the only end products.

Unfortunately, the models designed cannot be guaranteed to provide adequate sealing.

Name: Jonathan Yuhouse Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): Drew Bower, Griffin Virgil, Jonathan Yuhouse Project Mentor: Robert Michael Abstract Title: Elevator Drain Test Stand for Zurn Industries Abstract Submission: The goal of this project is to design and construct a stainless-steel elevator trench drain tester for use by Zurn Industries. To ensure a successful design, the updated 2013 San Francisco Fire Code must be validated. Thus, the apparatus will be responsible for validating all sizes of Zurn’s Z899 elevator trench drain can withstand at least 100 gallons per minute of water in a fire scenario. This stand will also enable Zurn employees to perform tests more efficiently by reducing set up time, which will be accomplished by implementing already existing mechanisms like chains, gears, rollers, casters, and hand cranks.

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Name: Anthony DeDionisio Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical Engineering Presenter(s): Anthony DeDionisio, Andrew Fair, Owen Means, Eduardo De Bonis Project Mentor: Saeed Tiari Abstract Title: Electrospinning Needle Coatings for Enhanced Echogenic Properties Abstract Submission: Ultrasound guided biopsies are a commonly performed procedure in all medical fields. When a needle biopsy is performed, an ultrasound imaging device is used to track the position of the needle as it approaches the target area within the body. The smooth and cylindrical stainless-steel surface of the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preferred needle type, an automatic spring-loaded biopsy gun, causes these needles to have very low echogenic visibility. As well as being difficult to see in the ultrasound image, the needle must be on plane with the ultrasound transducer to produce any image at all; this presents the problem of locating the needle once itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inserted into the patient. In order to solve this problem, a coating consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, a main constituent of bone, can be applied to the tip of the needle by using an electrospinner. The hydroxyapatite has desirable echogenic properties that will enhance the visibility of the needle tip. By enhancing its visibility, it will reduce the procedure time and risks. Certain fiber patterns produced by the electrospinner could scatter the ultrasound waves, as opposed to directly reflecting them at a single angle, to allow the needle to be visible at all angles.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

3D Modeling and Meshing of the Human Eye Brandon Richardson1, Aaron Koch1, Dr. Saeed Tiari1 1

ANSYS Program

Background Lasers are considered one of the most important surgical tools in modern medicine. Lasers are important in treatments and diagnosis of eye diseases such as glaucoma. The use of a laser during eye surgery is very invasive. It risks damage to the tissues in the eye which could cause serious health problems.

Although, eye surgery is very complicated surgeons have expertise the craft of eye repair surgery.

Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA

3D-Generated Meshes

•

The Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Departments obtained the ANSYS software program.

•

The design for the 3D eye model will be created in ANSYS Fluent, closely resembling the original model presented in Joukar’s article.

•

Fluid Flow (Fluent) within the ANSYS software will generate the meshing of the model.

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Isometric view of aqueous humor (front)

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Isometric view of aqueous humor (back)

Project Goal

What’s Next The next step of the project is to use the model in a way that allows for the calculation of the temperature distribution of the eye model. The characteristics of the aqueous humor, a tissue in the eye, will be especially considered. This will be done by using the finite element method. The density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of each tissue in the eye will determine the eye regions of the highest and lowest temperatures.

References

The goal of this project is to design a model that would allow for the study of various tissues of the eye. The ANSYS Software will be used to construct a mesh of the model to analyze the characteristics of each tissue in the eye.

[1] Joukar, A., Nammakie, E., & NiroomandOscuii, H. (2015). A comparative study of thermal effects of 3 types of laser in eye: 3D simulation with bioheat equation. Journal of Thermal Biology, 49-50, 74-81. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.004

Methods and Materials •

The 3D eye model is created based on the average size of the human eye.

•

Eight different meshes for the eight specific tissues in the eye were generated from the 3D eye model.

•

Meshing allows for calculations of various parameters such as energy and temperature distributions within the model.

•

Isometric view of the whole eye

Name: Brandon Richardson Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Departments Presenter(s): Brandon Richardson, Aaron Koch Project Mentor: Saeed Tiari Abstract Title: 3D Modeling and Meshing of the Human Eye Abstract Submission: A recent study of the eye under three different lasers name Nd:Yag, Nd:Yap, and ArF utilized the threedimensional finite element method and concluded that laser irradiation is a reliable method of predicting temperature distribution of the eye. This study recommended the investigation of the fluid characteristics of the aqueous humor. In this paper, using the threedimensional finite element method along with simulations of varying temperatures will allow the study of the boundary conditions of the aqueous humor. The results of the thermal effects in the aqueous humor can aid in the evaluation of overall eye health in laser surgery.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

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Evaluating the Effect of Ther mal Conductivity Enhancers on the Ther mal Perfor mance of a Latent Heat Ther mal Energy Storage Unit 1

Addison Hockins2, Samantha Moretti1,2 ,.Dr. Saeed Tiari1, Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Gannon University

Background:

Materials and Methods:

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) units have recently been examined for potential applications in alternative energy industries such as solar power and waste heat recovery. A LHTES unit uses a phase change material (PCM) to store and release thermal energy. The problem with using LHTES units is that the PCM has a lower thermal conductivity, which means that the melting and solidification of the PCM requires a large amount of time to be completed. The introduction of metallic fins and porous metallic foam, which are referred to as thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs) increase the efficiency of LHTES units. The current study numerically and experimentally evaluates the changes in unit efficiency after the introduction of various TCEs in a LHTES unit.

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger was constructed.

The central heat pipe had a diameter of 1 inch. The diameter of the entire LHTES unit is 7 inches. The unit was 12 inches in height. The unit was surrounded by insulation to prevent heat losses. Hot water was circulated to charge the system and cold water was circulated to discharge the system. PCM temperature was recorded with thermocouples and the inlet and outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the central pipe. A 2D axisymmetric model was conducted in ANSYS Fluent to numerically Figure 2: A schematic of the experimental analyze the system. system

Figure 1: The experimental apparatus

Results: To understand the benefits of fins on the LHTES unit, a control unit using only PCM was constructed and experimentally and numerically analyzed. Two charging cycles were completed at an HTF inlet temperature of 70° C and 65° C and a discharging cycle was completed at 70 °C. During the case of running the system at 65 °C. It was found that the energy being added to the system in this case was not enough to counter the losses in the system. This test was discontinued after 148 hours of charging. Based on experimental testing, the total charging time of the system using hot water at 70°C and flow rate of 7.57 L/min is 47 hours and 52 minutes as shown in the top set of mages seen in figure 3. Thermal images of the charging process is shown in the bottom image set of figure 3.

This data fits closely to the numerical data seen on figure 4.

The numerical data suggests that the charging process should have taken 48 hours to have reached fully charged as shown in Figure 3: Physical and thermal figure 4. This concludes that the experimental results and the images of the charging cycle numerical data are in agreement.

Conclusions: Heat transfer fluid temperature at the inlet has significant impacts on the charging process of a LHTES unit. This was found by comparing the charging cycles for heat transfer fluid inlet temperatures of 70 °C and 65 °C. The charging time for the physical system took 47 hours and 52 minutes for an HTF inlet temperature of 70 °C. The charging cycle was not completed for the case with an inlet temperature of 65 °C and discontinued for 148 hours. The experimental findings matched with numerical simulations completed by ANSYS Fluent software.

1 hour

12 hours 24 hours 36 hours 48 hours

Figure 4: The liquid fraction shown in red as the PCM melts.

Future Work: Future work includes completing similar experimental trials and simulations to compare the effects of metallic fins and porous media to the control tested in this experiment. This study is ongoing.

completed at 70 °C

Name: Samantha Moretti Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Departments Presenter(s): Samantha Moretti, Addison Hockins Project Mentor: Saeed Tiari Abstract Title: Evaluating the Effect of Thermal Conductivity Enhancers into a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Unit Abstract Submission: Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems have been used to absorb heat and store it for later use by melting or solidifying a phase change material (PCM). One problem of LHTES systems is that PCMs have a low thermal conductivity.

The solution to this problem is adding thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs) to the unit. Common TCEs include metallic fins and porous metal foam. The current study analyzes the effect of TCEs on the efficiency of the charging and discharging processes of a LHTES unit numerically via ANSYS Fluent and experimentally.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Evaluating the Effect of Tumor Size and Magnetic Nanopar ticle Concentration on Magnetic Fluid Hyper ther mia Julia Baumgar ner1, Samantha Moretti1,2, Alexis Palmiotto1, and Kassianne Tofani1, Dr. Saeed Tiari1 1Biomedical

Introduction:

Liver cancer is the cause of 17,000 deaths every year, but can only be operated on in 10% of cases [1]. Transplantation is also difficult because of the lack of availability of liver grafts for patients, so other methods of treatment must be pursued [1]. Hyperthermia is a thermal therapeutic treatment for cancer where the temperature of the body is raised above the normal 37°C to 45°C for anywhere from 30 minutes to 60 minutes to coagulate tumor cells, carbonize tumor cells, or cause tumor cell necrosis as seen in figure 1 [1].

Industrial and Systems Engineering Depar tment 2Mechanical Engineering Depar tment

Numerical Methods & Validation:

Table 1: Properties Used for Evaluating the Effect of Tumor Diameter on Liver Temperature

Thermal Properties of Liver and Tumor Tissue Density (kg/m3) Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat (J/kg×K) (W/mxK) Liver Tumor

Figure 1: The effect of hyperthermia on tumors [2].

A problem with hyperthermia is that it also kills healthy cells. The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) allows selective heating of cancer cells [1]. MFH is ideal for liver cancer because it can non-invasively attack tumors deep in the body with little damage to surrounding tissues [1]. The current study uses these same MNPs to evaluate the effect of tumor diameter and MNP concentration on temperature distribution in the liver.

Conclusions:

Liver

A 2D transient model of the cross section of the liver and a circular tumor using the dimensions specified in a study conducted by Krishnamurthy & Krishnamurthy [3] was constructed in ANSYS Fluent software. The liver and Tumor tumor properties used in the creation of the models are listed in table 1 [4,5]. A control case with a tumor diameter of 1 cm was conducted and compared to the studies conducted by Suleman and Riaz and Tiari et al [1,4]. The temperature distributions were similar and within the same range, so the model used in Figure 2: The model created the current study was validated. This study focuses solely on liver cancer in stages I and II, since the cancer has not spread from the liver [6]. Tumor diameters of 2 cm, 3cm, 4cm and 5cm were tested because tumors between the sizes of 2cm and 5cm fall within the stage I and stage II classifications given by the American Cancer Society [6]. The model was exposed to heat for 1 minute and 15 seconds, similar to the study conducted by Suleman and Riaz [1].The effect of concentration on heat generation within a 2 cm tumor was also evaluated. Concentrations tested include 2 mol/m3, 4 mol /m3, 6 mol/m3, and 8 mol/m3. This was done by calculating the heat generation rate of these calculations and applying that rate to the tumor and observing the temperature distribution.

1051 1660

0.564 0.788

3410 3720

Therapeutic Heat Generation Rate (W/m3) 10713 484460

Results: 2 cm

4 cm

3 cm

5 cm

The tumors reached 46°C after 1 minute and 15 seconds of exposure to heat generated by MNPs. Tumor size has no effect on the temperature distributions of the liver. The selective heating offered by MNPs is a noninvasive way to treat stage I and stage II liver cancer without damaging health liver tissue. The temperature distributions were calculated for circular tumors with diameters of 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm as seen in figure 3. As concentration of MNPs increased so did the heat generation within the tumor and the temperature of the tumor itself.

Future Work:

Future works also include evaluating the temperature distributions of non-circular tumors and the temperature distributions when the liver has multiple tumors, and these multiple tumors have different sizes.

Finding the optimal MNP concentration as a function of tumor size is also a future area of study. Accounting for blood flow within the model, specifically the cooling effects of blood flow is another potential area of study.

References:

Figure 3: The temperature contours of the tumors The temperature contours show that only the tumors heat up to a temperature above 37°C . This is due to the selective heating offered by MNPs when exposed to a magnetic field. This shows that hyperthermic therapies are noninvasive ways to treat liver cancer and that this type of therapy causes minimal damage to healthy liver tissue.

The tumor tissue is heated to 46°C, showing that MNPs are effective when used in MFH. Tumor size has no effect on the heating process since all tumors reached the same temperature over the same period of time. The concentration of MNPs had a significant effect on the heating of the tumor. As concentration increased, so did the tumor temperature. Again, little change in the temperature of the healthy liver tissue was seen.

[1]Suleman, M., & Riaz, S. (2020). In silico study of hyperthermia treatment of liver cancer using core-shell CoFe2O4@ MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 498, 166143.

[2]“Hyperthermia – An Overview.” LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care, www.lemmo.com/hyperthermia/hyperthermia-background/.

[3]Krishnamurthy G.T., Krishnamurthy S. (2009) Imaging of Liver and Spleen Morphology. In: Nuclear Hepatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg [4]Tiari, S., Mahdavi, M., Chauhan, K., & Piovesan, D. (2018, November). Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Tissues During Therapeutic Hyperthermia. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.

[5]Roselli, Robert J., and Kenneth R. Diller. Biotransport: Principles and Applications.

Springer, 2012.

[6]“Liver Cancer Stages.” American Cancer Society, 1 Apr. 2019, www.cancer.org/ cancer/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html.

Name: Samantha Moretti Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering Departments Presenter(s): Julia Baumgarner, Samantha Moretti, Alexis Palmiotto, Kassianne Tofani Project Mentor: Saeed Tiari Abstract Title: Evaluating the Effect of Tumor Size and Magnetic Nanoparticle Concentration on Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Abstract Submission: The current study uses ANSYS Fluent software to numerically simulate and analyze the effects of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) therapy on a tumor located in the liver. The geometry of the model will be two-dimensional and will accurately replicate the real geometry of the organ, with a circular tumor included in the model. The effects of tumor size and the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in terms of heat generation will be studied through changes in temperature distribution and fraction of tissue necrosis. This study will focus on the heat dissipation and heat transfer occurring in MFH therapies.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

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Name: Emily Poach Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: SEECS Presenter(s): Noah Cardella, Justin Groshek, Emily Poach, Kassi Tofani Project Mentor: Saeed Tiari Abstract Title: Spinning to Energy: Harvest, Store and Distribute Energy Produced by Human Performance Machines Abstract Submission: Renewable energy is an issue striking many universities around the country, including the Gannon University campus. The Recreation and Wellness Center utilized by Gannon University is pairing with the Scholars of Excellence in Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) program to develop a conservative source of energy to bring awareness to this issue and improve upon it. The Recreation and Wellness Center is filled with exercise equipment that has the potential to be converted into energy harnessing machines. Our project has been narrowed to focus on creating an attachable device for the spinning bikes that will charge a battery and power a small display device with educational messages. Energy will be produced through the use of the bike. The device will not inhibit the workout of the user or the mobility of the spinning bikes because of the attachable design. The design phase is currently being completed on a trial bike based upon the design of a DC motor belt driven off of the bike wheel and anchored to a steel plate for stability. With this project, we hope to create a trend of conservative and renewable energy around the Gannon University campus. This project will help members of the Gannon community become educated on this topic and other ways to be environmentally friendly and support the renewable energy movement.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Sol Power : An Innovative Pool Heater Emily Kraut, John-Paul Tysz, Briault Atemazem, Dr. Scott Steinbrink Mechanical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA

Abstract SolPower’s mission is to provide a green energy alternative pool heater design. This pool heater design adds value to the yard through a combination of aesthetics and purpose, rather than being a distasteful distraction to the eye. SolPower’s design allows it to match and compete against the efficiency of electric or gas alternatives without requiring extensive installation fees, repairs, and overall frustration, so the user can enjoy that serendipitous afternoon swim without worrying about the cost. SolPower is here to provide value and a truly green alternative and to help deliver on the smiles and laughter centered around a private pool.

Future Implications

Materials and Methods SolPower’s base product is comprised of two main parts, the bulb and the base, and its aesthetic mimics that of an opened tulip. The bulb’s siding is laced with small mirrors in a configuration that provides a similar shape as a tulip’s pedals surrounding a flower’s inner pieces. The configuration provides an efficient and effective means of capturing solar energy and heating pool water—in a fraction of the time of other solar collectors. In addition, the base enables and encourages additional bulbs to be added to create a solar-collecting floral garden to meet power needs in a tasteful and decorative manner.

The bulb has a specific mirror configuration that will concentrate the sunlight into the heat exchanger. This heat exchanger is located below the bulb, and it will be full of water. This water will act as a good conducting fluid. A circulation pump will be at the base of the heat exchanger to keep that water moving.

The pool water is pumped into conductive silicone rubber tubing that will carry the water into the top of the heat exchanger. The solar energy directed from the bowl will enter the heat exchanger. In the heat exchanger, the water will travel through a copper coil and exit at the base of the heat exchanger. The water will then travel through more rubber tubing back into the pool.

The configuration of this device allows for more mirror configurations to be added, allowing the heat generated to increase and be used for more powerful applications.

Not only can this device be used for pool heating, but it could be attached to a hot water heating system or used to preheat water entirely with solar energy in industrial applications.

References American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers. ASHRAE Standard : Standards for Natural and Mechanical Ventilation. New York :The Society, 1973.

Çengel Yunus A., & Ghajar, A. J. (2015). Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

The radius of the bowl will be 0.25 meters, and it will be 0.2 meters tall. The height from the base to the top of the bowl will be 0.48 meters. These dimensions can be found in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Dimensions of device

Martin, R. J. (2019). Thermal Systems Design: A Most Practical Guidebook (1st ed.). San Luis Obispo, CA: Martin Thermal Engineering, Inc.

Results Calculations and analysis were performed using ASHRAE conventions for the Erie area for an 18,000 gallon pool with a ten hour turnover rate. Thus, the heat load was found to be 5.30∙ 106 kW to achieve a temperature change from 16 °C to 25 °C in a 24 hour period, the Reynold’s number for water was found to be 94501, which yields a Nusselt number of 197.38 and resulting heat transfer coefficient of 4662 W/m2K. Assuming that 40% of the available solar energy is captured and magnified, the bowl configuration would be able to produce 6224 KJ of heat in the 24 hour period, raising the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger to 202.03 °C, resulting in 85713 W of energy transferred to the water within the copper coil, or 7.406 ∙ 106 KJ in a 24 hour period, ensuring that the design is feasible for its application.

While initial costs may be relatively high, proper maintenance of the device—ensuring optimal performance—will result in long term savings when compared to conventional pool-heating methods.

Figure 1: Standard pool heaters (solar panels, heat pumps, gas)

Figure 3: 3-D Model of device

Name: John-Paul Tysz Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): John-Paul Tysz, Emily Kraut Project Mentor: Scott Steinbrink Abstract Title: Sol Power: An Innovative Pool Heater Abstract Submission: SolPower’s mission is to provide a green energy alternative pool heater design. This pool heater design adds value to the yard through a combination of aesthetics and purpose, rather than being a distasteful distraction to the eye. SolPower’s base product is comprised of two main parts, the bulb and the base, and its aesthetic mimics that of an opened tulip. The bulb’s siding is laced with small mirrors in a configuration that provides a similar shape as a tulip’s pedals surrounding a flower’s inner pieces.

The configuration provides an efficient and effective means of capturing solar energy and heating pool water—in a fraction of the time of other solar collectors. In addition, the base enables and encourages additional bulbs to be added to create a solar-collecting floral garden to meet power needs in a tasteful and decorative manner. SolPower’s design allows it to match and compete against the efficiency of electric or gas alternatives without requiring extensive installation fees, repairs, and overall frustration, so the user can enjoy that serendipitous afternoon swim without worrying about the cost. SolPower is here to provide value and a truly green alternative and to help deliver on the smiles and laughter centered around a private pool.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

53

Electromagnetic Engine

electromagnet to switch polarity at the most efficient time.

Project Team Jayce Freeborn

Project Plan

Michael Bielski

This project began with an oversimplified test product with operated using the mechanics shown, which proved the possibility of creating mechanical energy with this motor, and has become a long standing project with the purpose of maximizing balance along the rotational axis, maximizing the power to weight ratio of the motor, and deciding materials to minimize interference in the magnetic system and maximize longevity for the structural parts of the motor. We began with designing a motor based on static and dynamic loads created, as well as wear effects on the moving elements. This analysis grew into the complete redesign on all the elements of the motor, including the stroke, rod length, stroke ratio, head size, Piston volume, and all other important aspects in the motor. Because of the unforeseen circumstances, this project will conclude with a finished model and manufacturing plan which must be able to be saved and restarted at a time when it is possible.

This project also will have as much documentation as possible for the purpose of Patent Approval.

Patrick Walker Thomas Marshall

Introduction A solution to the constant use of IC (Internal Combustion) engines has yet to be used widely. An Electromagnetic engine has the potential to rid the world of its petroleum reliance.

Using a piston crank model, with a permanent magnet placed on the piston head and an electromagnet at the top of the piston cylinder, the full magnetic flux of both magnets will be used.

This will allow for the piston head to be both pushed on the way down and pulled on the way up.

To achieve a marketable, working engine, electric motor efficiencies must be surpassed. In the market today, Electric coil motors dominate the market.

The lost energy can and will be recovered in this magnetic piston engine re-design.

Figure 1.1: Structural loads applied to the piston rod using Ansys software.

Figure 1.2: Stress analysis of piston rod design using Ansys software.

Figure 1.3: CAD model of the new engine design.

Concept This new electromagnetic engine will operate using a simple, piston-crankshaft rotation concept just like an IC motor today does, except it is a simplified interaction. A permanently magnetized piston, that is using the most powerful magnetic material within cost restriction, and an equally powerful electromagnet revolving the piston motion throughout both up and down strokes to maximize the efficiency. By switching the polarity of the electromagnet at top dead center and bottom dead center we would be able to move the piston with much more efficiency than a static magnetic field. We will achieve this by pulling the piston up at bottom dead center and repelling when at top dead center. A timing system will tell the location of the piston and allow for the

Figure 1.5: Detailed drawing of crankshaft showing tolerancing and dimensions.

Conclusion This product could cause a great change in the way energy is converted from electrical to mechanical energy on a DC motor, because of its ability to use the entire magnetic flux of both magnets given their geometry. This motor is an excellent example of a mechanical and electrical project, as well as an example of how useful magnetics are in the world.

And their necessity in creating mechanical energy from electrical input. If this design can achieve the efficiency of an electrical energy today, with further improvement would become the best and most efficient option for electric motors worldwide, which would slowly close the gap on the combustion motor reliance we have today.

Sources & Resources

Figure 1.4: Detailed drawing of piston showing tolerancing and dimensions.

All images were created using student software Ansys Mechanical and Static Structural and Creo Parametrics, information was recorded through direct observation of motor by the Project team.

Design of Presentation Created by Project team.

This project is the original property of Jayce Freeborn and the recreated project is the property of the entire Project team. All rights are controlled by the Project team.

Name: Michael Bielski Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Mechanical Engineering Presenter(s): Michael Bielski, Thomas Marshall Project Mentor: Scott Steinbrink Abstract Title: Electromagnetic Engine Design Abstract Submission: A solution to the constant use of IC (Internal Combustion) engines has yet to be used widely. An Electromagnetic engine has the potential to rid the world of its petroleum reliance. Using a piston crank model, with a permanent magnet placed on the piston head and an electromagnet at the top of the piston cylinder, the full magnetic flux of both magnets will be used. This will allow for the piston head to be both pushed on the way down and pulled on the way up. To achieve a marketable, working engine, electric motor efficiencies must be surpassed. Currently electric motors dominate the market. Lost energy will be recovered in the electromagnet engine design.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

URBAN LITTER REMOVAL FROM STORM DRAINS

JOSEPH WESTRICK, LEAH ACHILLE, JACOB WEISER ADVISOR: VARUN KASARANENI, PH. D DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, GANNON UNIVERSITY, ERIE, PA

Introduction • Marine debris has become a major environmental issue impacting water quality and aquatic life in the Great Lakes region.

Explored Solutions

Data

• Ingestion of plastics and other litter could lead to internal bleeding, abrasion and ulcers in aquatic organisms (Driedger et al., 2015).

• In addition, marine debris can hinder tourism as people find it to be unattractive and potentially even hazardous (Benson et al, 2017).

• Stormwater can serve as a transport mechanism for litter. Precipitation events or snowmelt can introduce litter accumulated on the streets to the stormwater network where it can be carried to surface waters.

Stormwater Outflow Net Source: City of Kwanana

• In 2012 plastic anthropogenic litter made up 77-90% of litter collected during shoreline cleanups (Driedger et al., 2015).

Image of Litter Boom on Mill Creek, located on the property of the Erie Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Plant personnel tend to the boom and remove litter when necessary.

Methods

• Sorting of collected litter by material type • Categorization of collected litter by volume and mass to generate a litter profile • Profile used to show what is entering the Lake • Research the most cost-effective solution for the City of Erie based off the litter profile Image of the group performing volume analysis with the litter from the booms

Catch Basin Curb Inlet Fabric Insert Source: Gullywasher

Source: United States EPA

Litter Boom Data

Based on the data collected, the largest catgeories of anthropogenic litter entering Lake Erie are large to medium sized plastics and large to medium sized styrofoam based on weight and volume percentages. A possible solution would cater to the large items without minimizing the negative impacts that the smaller items have on the environment although they are not incredibly abundant in comparison to the other litter.

References

Image of sorted litter laid out in Zurn Sampling Room

Hydrodynamic Separator

1. Driedger, A.G.J, Hurr, H.D, Mitchell.K, Cappellen,P, (2015). Plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes: A review. Journal of Great Lake Research,41 (1).

2. Benson, S. (2017). Investigating Rhode Island town beaches litter policies.

University of Rhode Island.

3. Guidelines for the monitoring and assessment of plastic litter in the ocean.

(2019).

Contact Information westrick002@knights.gannon.edu, achille006@knights.gannon.edu, weiser005@knights.gannon.edu Acknowledgement: City of Erie Sewer Authority and Millcreek Township

BandalongTM Litter Trap: A modified litter boom Source: Storm Water Systems

Device Selection

Designs will be researched, compared, and contrasted regarding the following criteria: • Ability of device to remove and collect the largest amount of litter from the stormwater system according to the litter profile generated • The cost, lifespan, and return-oninvestment for the device • Frequency of maintenance activities required to keep the device operable • Ability of device to withstand or operate in winter weather • Aesthetics of the device

Name: Joseph Westrick Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Environmental Science & Engineering Presenter(s): Joseph Westrick, Leah Achille, Jake Weiser Project Mentor: Varun Kasaraneni Abstract Title: Urban Litter Removal from Stormwater Drains Abstract Submission: Urban litter is a major contributor to pollution in surface waters, such as the Great Lakes. Litter accumulated on the streets can enter the stormwater network and be carried to surface waters following rainfall or snowmelt events. Litter in waterways has negative impacts on tourism, recreation, and ecosystem health. The goal of this project is to collect litter and sort samples by type, weight, and volume to establish a profile of the litter entering stormwater drains. Using this data, custom-designed litter removal systems will be engineered for stormwater catch basins at selected sites in the city of Erie.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

55

# / /* /# . - # $") /0- *-&ѡ 1 '*+( )/ ' /#2 4

-Ńľ ) - 2 Đž Reganne Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien

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0. Ńľ â&#x20AC;˘ #$. +-*% / ( ( (*- $)/ - ./ $) +0-.0$)" /# 0 '$ '/# # ) !* 0.$)" *) - . - #$)" /#$. /*+$ Ńľ â&#x20AC;˘ -) (*- *) *0- 2 .$/ ѡ 222Ńľ"' (*-*0."0/' .."$-'.Ńľ*-"

Name: Reganne Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: McNair Scholars Program Presenter(s): Reganne Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien Project Mentor: William McAndrew Abstract Title: Digestive Disease in College Students Abstract Submission: Digestive Diseases are prevalent among college students. This research study is a survey based study that examines the college experience of students suffering from digestive diseases.

56

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Deception of Chief Executive Officers Medina Klino (Dept. of Accounting)

klino001@gannon.edu

Abstract: The basis of this research is to determine if deception committed by chief executive officers helps companies’ long term. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was formed to ensure the legal transactions of businesses deter financial and accounting fraud. Financial statements and reporting must be held in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). If fraud is detected the chief executive officer is faced with potential fines and/or imprisonment.

Methods: Obtain stock data from Google Finance of S&P 500 companies from year 2000 to year 2019. Obtain demographic information of chief executive officers (CEO) to determine if there is a correlation from the time the CEO is imprisoned and the stock of the company they served.

Fraud Triangle

Threat: Companies regulated by the SEC were not Objective: Determine if there is a correlation between the imprisonment of CEO’s and the price of stock of the company that they served as CEO. Problem: Accounting and Financial fraud Solution: Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Results: CEO’s who committed accounting and financial fraud were subject to fines and/or imprisonment.

American Airline Stock – CEO (2006 – 2019) American Airline Stock - Bar Chart (2006 – 2019)

Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Federal law that was established to identify financial and accounting fraud. This law was created to protect shareholders from errors and fraud.

A sincere thank you to the Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program(Charmaine Wilson and Julie Pecoraro) and Dr. William McAndrew for the continuous help, support, and guidance through this ongoing research process.

Name: Medina Klino Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: McNair Scholars Program Presenter(s): Medina Klino Project Mentor: William McAndrew Abstract Title: Deception of Chief Excutive Officers Abstract Submission: The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was formed to ensure the legal transactions of businesses and to deter financial and accounting fraud. Chief executive officers (CEO) are required to sign a legal document that indicates that they take full legal responsibility for the companies’ financial statements. Financial statements and reporting must be held in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles. If fraud is detected the chief executive officer is faced with potential fines and/or imprisonment. The basis of this research is to determine if deception committed by chief executive officers helps companies’ long term.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

57

Prototype Instr ument for Video Sur veillance and Radiation Detection within a PSR M. Altamimi1, O. Salameh1, J.P. Arockia Doss1, Z. Mansour1, R. Bryan Rivera2, S. Barot1, W. Lee1, and N. Conklin3 2

1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Systems Engineering 3 Department of Physics

Abstract

One of the most important design constraints was overcoming little to no lineof-sight from the bottom of the PSR to the rim. In Figure 3, our proposed overall design concept is shown. This design consist of :

This poster presents our research to develop a prototype instrument for possible application to exploration of the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) in the moon’s South Pole region.

Previously there have been images of the South Pole and PSRs of the polar regions but only from the distant lunar orbits, which do not allow for exploration. The objectives of our payload are: 1) video-surveilling inside a PSR using four single-board computers and infrared sensitive cameras, 2) transmission of the real-time video data to the lunar lander via a wireless link using Very High Frequency (VHF) signals; and 3) measuring intensity of neutrons and cosmic rays inside of a PSR.

•

•

•

•

•

•

What natural resources exist within these regions and can they be used?

What is the radiation environment like?

Will eventual human settlement be possible?

Design Concept

A 2-meter VHF link between the primary and secondary payload for communication and data transmission.

A 2.5 GHz Wi-Fi link between the secondary payload and the lunar lander also for data transmission.

Figure 4 depicts the components within the primary payload. In order to accomplish the functional requirements, the payload consists of: •

•

Figure 1 and 2 depict typical craters in the region which we used to determine parameters that would aid our design. Our design’s main focuses are to surveil, detect cosmic ray intensity, and transmit data via a high-data rate link.

A secondary payload on the rim of the PSR equipped with a VHF demodulator.

Figure 3: Design concept with near line-of-sight scenario

Why is this important?

•

A primary payload inside the PSR equipped with a very high frequency (VHF) modulator

•

•

Figure 8: Payloads deployment scenario

Figure 8 depicts the proposed deployment scenario for the payloads. The lunar lander should eject the primary payload into the bottom surface of the PSR and then continue to hover and eject the secondary payload on the rim of the PSR. After deployment, the lunar lander should land near the rim of the PSR (a short distance away from the secondary payload). Deployment is crucial for the design for two reasons: 1.Ensuring proper landing positions of the payloads for proper communication and data transmission.

Four Raspberry Pi’s with cameras for video capture Raspberry Pi connected to cosmic ray detector

2. Ensuring proper landing as to keep the payloads intact.

Ethernet switch to multiplex data from multiple sources into a single stream and transmit on a single wireless medium using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)

Limitations Figure 4: Primary Payload

Power Amplifier

Figure 5 depicts the components of the secondary payload. This payload acts as the receiver of data from the primary payload and then sends that data via Wi-Fi to the lunar lander depicted in Figure 3. The components within this payload are: •

•

•

•

VHF module

The VHF link design was based on distant images of PSRs and known propagation link models.

Future Work

Wi-Fi Transmitter •

Figure 5: Secondary Payload

Figure 1: Partial topography map of the PSRs of the Moon’s South Pole

The proposed concept can be tested only in a lab setting due to the current FCC frequency spectrum plans on Earth. This does not incorporate all the unknowns that the payloads will face, such as terrain and climate.

•

One of the key reasons for exploring PSRs is to determine if eventual human life is possible. Figure 6 is configured to allow for readings of the cosmic rays in the PSR which create a hostile lunar radiation environment.

Optimization of the payloads for weights and power consumption, utilizing high-performance single-board computers, e.g., Raspberry Pi 4.

Exploring application of VHF-band video streaming to telemedicine for populations in isolated rural areas around the world.

Acknowledgements The work presented on this poster was supported in part by the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium, subaward No. 5373-GU -NASA-K06H. Figure 6: Cosmic ray detector

Figure 7 shows the payload enclosure, which protects the payload electronics during rocket launch and landing. It will also protect against different climates and environmental unknowns that the payload may encounter.

References [1] J. Stopar and H. Meyer, Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Pole (80°S to Pole), Lunar and Planetary Institute Regional Planetary Image Facility, LPI Contribution 2170, 2019. [Online] Available: repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/1255.

[2] J. Schertz, Lunar Polar Ice Everywhere, but Only on Surface, The Space Resource, April 27, 2019. [Online] Available: https://www.thespaceresource.com/news/2019/4/lunar-polarice-everywhere-but-only-on-surface.

Figure 2: Close up of Amundsen crater Figure 7: Payload Enclosure

Name: Rhea Bryan Rivera Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Presenter(s): Mustafah Altamimi, Omar Salameh, Juliyan Patrik Arockia Doss, Zachary Mansour, Rhea Bryan Rivera Project Mentor: Wookwon Lee Abstract Title: Prototype Instrument for Video Surveillance and Radiation Detection within a PSR Abstract Submission: This poster presents our research to develop a prototype instrument for possible application to exploration of the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) in the moon’s South Pole. Previously there have been images of the South Pole and PSRs of the polar regions but only from the distant lunar orbits. The objectives of our payload is for three primary purposes: 1) videosurveilling inside a PSR using four single-board computers and No Infrared cameras, 2) transmission of the video data to the Earth via a wireless link using Very High Frequency (VHF) signals; and 3) measuring intensity of neutrons and cosmic rays inside of a PSR. To achieve the objectives, our design adopts two key enablers: 1) 2-meter VHF signals for the wireless link and 2) orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM). These enablers are to cope with non-line-of-sight terrains within the PSR and also allow high-rate data transmission of real-time video from the bottom to the rim of the PSR. Having a design that tackles the main issues with exploring PSRs can allow NASA to conduct analysis on whether or not eventual human life is possible. If proven, our instrument would have a unique opportunity to contribute to the exploration of the PSRs.

58

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

Flicker 3000-Electronic Athletic Prosthetic Alexander Wood1, Rebecca Red Horse1, Mustafa Saracevic1, Cheikhou Toure2, Dr. Xiaoxu Ji1, Dr. Davide Piovesan1, Dr. Ikechukwa Ohu1 Biomedical and Industrial Systems Engineering Program1, Electrical Engineering Program2, Gannon University, Erie, PA

Background:

Materials and Methods:

Simulation:

There are currently over 350,000 people that have

There will be a power supply of 14.2 V that will pow-

Utilize SimWise 4D software to run simulation of

experienced an amputation in their lifetime, thirty percent of those are upper body amputations [1].

Of these amputees, about 56% use some form of a prosthetic to help with daily tasks and activities [2]. Unfortunately, for those amputees who hope to live a more active lifestyle and play sports their

run in accordance with the needs of the sensor.

Prosthetic is currently only being designed tand

the system.

sport of basketball, the company TRS Inc. creates

The myoelectric sensor will sense the muscle activa-

ics that do not emulate the natural motion needed to propagate a basketball to shoot a basket [3].

Future Works:

A microcontroller will perform the tasks needed for  MPU will process the data from the microcontroller.

ized for basketball, they are strictly static prosthet-

torques required to shoot a basket successfully.

An actuator will set the specific time for the motor to

prosthetic options are limited. Currently for the two prosthetic options (Figure 1). Though special-

the dynamic of the system to calculate the proper

er the whole system.

coed to shoot a basket. In the future, the prothetic can be enhanced to b able to dribble and aid in passing and receiving the basketball.

tion of the wearer’s bicep muscle.

Figure 2: Functional systems diagram

Functional systems diagram and system outline show

References:

the path and connections for the device (Figure 2 & 3)

[1]“Statistics on Hand and Arm Loss.” ISHN RSS,

 Myoware sensor senses intensity of muscle con-

ISHN,

traction

Figure 1: TRS prosthetics static prosthetic options. [3,4]

https://www.ishn.com/

[2] Raichle, Katherine A, et al. “Prosthesis use in persons with lower– and upper-limb amputation.”

to the Ardunio Micro controller

Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Develop-

 Micro controller allows signal to pass through to

ment, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008,

the MPU where it is translated into an activation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/

signal.

PMC2743731/#R5 [3]“Basketball

 The MPU sends the activation signal back to the Figure 3: Motor system-Outline

Goal is to design an adaptive, lower-arm prosthet-

 Signal is sent from the Micro controller to the

ic that would allow transradial amputee wearers to

VESA 6 motor controller

hinge, twist and support at the wrist joint the same

 Motor controller sends signal to motor to activate

way a basketball player would need in order to

and turn to the coded angle specific for the muscle

show a basket, dribble, and pass the ball. The elec-

contraction intensity

of the prosthetic.

2014,

states in the Arduino code the sensor sends a signal

Micro controller

sensors and a motor to control the wrist movement

Jan.

 If the contraction is greater than the threshold

Aim:

tronically powered prosthetic will utilize EMG

28

articles/97844-statistics-on-hand-and-arm-loss.

ics,

Archives.” TRS

Prosthet-

www.trsprosthetics.com/shop-category/

basketball/ [4] “Sports & Recreation- Rebound Pro Basketball Hand/HP Hoopster”. TRS Prosthetics, https:// www.trsprosthetics.com/wp-content/ uploads/2019/01/Web-CatalogJANUARY2019_Part13.pdf

 3-D printed hand component made from a durable resin (Figure 4). Ball screw attached to hand component to control torque created by motor.

Figure 4: CAD model of hand with gearbox and ball screw attachment

Name: Rebecca Red Horse Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical and Industrial Engineering Program Presenter(s): Alexander Wood, Rebecca Red Horse, Mustafa Saracevic, Cheikhou Toure Project Mentor: Xiaoxu Ji Abstract Title: Flicker 3000-Electronic Athletic Prosthetic Abstract Submission: The scope of the Athletic Prosthetic project is to design an adaptive, lower-arm prosthetic that would allow the wearer to hinge, twist and support at the wrist the same way a basketball player would need in order to shoot a basket. Currently, most prosthetics designed for basketball make it difficult for the wearer to freely move and perform the way an athlete should. Our design will incorporate a dynamic component powered by a battery-motor system and activated by an EMG sensor to produce a hinging wrist to better emulate the natural motions required during basketball.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

59

The Application of Codamotion Tracking System in Ergonomics Justo Hernandez and Ji Xiaoxu Biomedical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA

BACKGROUND

METHODS

FUTURE WORK (CONTINUED)

Chronic pain is the number one cause of adult disability in the United States and affects 26.6 million people in the form of musculoskeletal disorders [1]. In the workplace, employees with chronic pain can have lower productivity and increased negative thoughts [1]. Digital human modelling for ergonomics can be used as a proactive approach that emphasizes safety in the workplace to prevent chronic pain, and therefore improve worker conditions.

A digital human model (DHM) is performed using a software that allows a mannequin to interact with the computer aided design (CAD) environment. The computer mannequins are models of the human body with similar functionality to a real human. Benefits include simulating real environments that are not readily available and using it as a training aid.

DHM is an effective tool for analysis of ergonomic designs. Ergonomics in digital human modelling estimates the mechanical stresses on the internal structures of the body during different activities. Through ergonomics in DHM, products can be modeled to focus on efficacy and safety.

Codamotion is a system that captures real-time 3D movement analysis of the human body. Codamotion accurately assess the human movement in the work environment allowing a mannequin (DHM) to be constructed [2]. The constructed mannequin data from Codamotion can be imported into Jack, an ergonomic human simulation toolkit that assess people’s efficiency in their working environment.

The Rizzoli Lower Body protocol provides a complete description of 3D segments and joint motion for analyzing the pelvis and lower extremities. In Figure 1, the anatomical positioning of the markers is visually represented to assist in accurate marker placement to ensure reliable analysis of the lower body. The Rizzoli Lower Body protocol was created to familiarize us with the Codamotion interface and protocols. Figure 2 represents the markers’ anatomical placements based off of the Rizzoli Lower Body protocol.

In Figure 3, a six degree of freedom motion simulator platform is shown.

Figure 3: Six degree of freedom motion simu-

FUTURE WORK The goal of this study is to conduct a fully digital human model. We have been working alongside the Codamotion team to develop the optimal marker protocol. The anatomical landmarks for the marker placement of the arm have been drafted. The arm protocol is currently in developmental stages and will be executed once completed. After the arm protocol is developed, we will transition into the development stages of the optimal marker protocol for the remaining parts of the human body.

Figure 1: Rizzoli Lower Body protocol

Figure 2: Trail 1 following the Rizzoli Lower Body protocol

SIGNIFICANCE The purpose of this pilot study is to use Codamotion and Jack to successfully create a fully digital human model in order to analyze the ergonomics of the human body within a work environment. Being able to accurately evaluate and simulate real-world environments allows research to be conducted to improve safety in the workplace.

With this platform, different vibration trials of various environments can be simulated (mining and construction). The motion simulator platform will allow the vibration amplitude transmitted to the body to be observed. Through determining the force through this platform and posture from Codamotion, we can use Jack to accurately analyze the ergonomics of the human body within a work environment.

REFERENCES [1]American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. "One in two Americans have a musculoskeletal condition: New report outlines the prevalence, scope, cost and projected growth of musculoskeletal disorders in the U.S.." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 1 March 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2016/03/160301114116.htm>.

[2]Mitchelson, Joel. “Codamotion.” Codamotion , codamotion.com/

Name: Justo Hernandez Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical Engineering Presenter(s): Justo Hernandez Project Mentor: Xiaoxu Ji Abstract Title: The Application of Codamotion Tracking System in Ergonomics Abstract Submission: Chronic pain affects 25.5 million people in the United States in the form of musculoskeletal disorders. In the workplace, employees with chronic pain can lead to lower productivity, employee turnover, and increased negative thoughts. Digital human modelling for ergonomics can be used as a proactive approach that emphasizes safety in the workplace to prevent chronic pain.

Codamotion accurately assesses the movement of human interactions with the work environment. Through this powerful software in conjunction with Jack, the ergonomics of healthcare ergonomics will be analyzed.

60

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

The validation of posture prediction algorithm in Jack simulation for ergonomic analysis By: Emily Schweitzer1, Dr. Xiaoux Ji1 1

INTRODUCTION •

•

•

•

•

Worldwide, back pain is the single leading cause of disability, preventing many people from engaging in work and everyday activities [1] In order to identify the cause of back pain, human simulation tools are used Jack is a human modeling and simulation tool that enables the user to improve ergonomics (self-management) of project designs and to refine industrial tasks [2] While Jack has proven to be a vital tool, it is argued that existing posture and motion prediction models must be based on real motion data to assure validity for complex dynamic task simulations [3] Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of Jack’s Task Simulation Builder using human modeling

Gannon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering RESULTS

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Jack will be verified using Xsense, a motion capture tool (Figure 1) Subjects are instructed on how to perform a single ‘push’ task and are fitted in the motion capture suit The push task involved pushing an object (modeled as a cube) backward on a table at waist height The subject’s dimension were measured and used to create a model in Jack (Figure 2), and the pushing motion was simulated again 11 joints in total were analyzed within Jack and the human model

Table 1: Joint angle comparison between Jack and real model during pushing task Jack

Real

(degree)

(degree)

R Elbow

76.3

54.8

L Elbow

71.4

48.7

Trunk Flexion Trunk Bend

18.5 -0.4

2.6 0.3

-2.7

-1.1

•

Joint

•

Trunk Axial Rotation R Hip

•

•

•

•

Figure 1: Using motion capture, the subject performed in pushing task, which was recorded through Xsense •

•

•

After both models performed the task, the joint angles were compared between them If the joint angles are similar, then Jack can be considered accurate However, large differences in joint angles were seen (Table 1) The largest being 32.6 degrees at the left hip •

Figure 2: With the subject’s dimensions, a model was created in Jack to perform the pushing task

22.8

-8.8

L Hip

23.1

-9.5

R Knee

18.8

5.1

L Knee

20.2

5.1

R Ankle

12.9

15

L Ankle

14.4

17

The average difference in the elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints are 22.1, 32.1, 14.4 and 2.4 degrees, respectively

CONCLUSION •

•

Based on the analyzed angles, it can be concluded that Jack’s Task Simulation Builder is not an accurate enough model More subjects will need to be recruited to further verify these results

REFERENCES [1] Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, et al The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Published Online First: 24 March 2014. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204428 [2] “Using Modeling and Simulation in Test Design and Evaluation.” National Research Council. 1998. Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition: New Approaches and Methodological Improvements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.7226/6037.

[3] Chaffin, DB. (2007). Human Motion Simulation for Vehicle and Workplace Design. InternScience. 17(5), 475-484.

Name: Emily Schweitzer Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical Engineering Presenter(s): Emily Schweitzer Project Mentor: Xiaoxu Ji Abstract Title: The Validation of Posture Prediction Algorithm in Jack Simulation for Ergonomic Analysis Abstract Submission: Back pain is an issue that effects almost every individual, and its impact can even make it difficult to work.

However, a new tool is being used to create a solution to minimize or eliminate it all together. Jack is a human simulation tool that can be used to analyze ergonomic tasks. While Jack has proven to be a vital tool, the simulation still must be validated. By physically performing the same tasks as Jack, the posture’s accuracy can be assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of Jack’s posture and develop adjustments to create a more accurate human simulation.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

61

A New Technology for Ergonomic Assessment in Healthcare M. Campanella1, A. Fair1 and X. Ji1 1Biomedical

Results

Introduction • 92.1% of women nurses will experience lower back pain on the job1 (4) .This back pain can start to effect other area of the body along with effecting how they carry out their work and home life 2 (1) .

• Ergonomic analysis of healthcare providers have been done using a CUELA measurement system, motion sensors, and computer models.

• This new study utilizes the conjoined analysis of XSENS and Jack. Using motion captured data of how __ subjects perform 3 different tasks, that are common in the healthcare profession, and the force solving technology of Jack this, research effectively identifies when the back is at its greatest risk of injury.

• The goal is to identify at what instances the lower back has the greatest force on it and to identify what joints are at low capability within these tasks.

• This data can be used to develop effective techniques to repositioning/lifting patients and heavy equipment. It can also be utilized to generate new technology to assist these professionals in their day-to-day work.

Methods • Methods are for analyzing the motion captured data and do not include collection of XSENS motion captured files • To begin analysis, Jack and XSENS will need to be launched • Connect Jack to XSENS by changing the module Jack is connected to 9763 • Upload the subject specific manikin into Jack and open the trail for analysis in XSENS • Sync the XSENS model to the manikin by utilizing tracking setup, add the pair, and constrain to one another • Open the force solver on Jack to find collectable data on the back forces and joint capability • The task the subject is completing will determine how much weight you will add to each palm, what direction the weight is being applied (whether the subject is lifting up or pulling towards), and how the subject is standing whether it be on both feet or one.

Engineering Department Gannon University, Erie, PA

Conclusion

Forces on the lower back

Subject 18

Trial 1 Max Back Force(N) Trial 2 Max Back Force(N) Trial 3 Max Back Force(N) Trial 4 Max Back Force(N) Trial 5 Max Back Force(N)

Lifting Wheelchair Lifting Patient on Stretcher 3569.8N 4629.6

Moving Patient onto Medical Bed 3217N

3154.1N

4359.1

3611.2N

3081.8N

4325.5N

2964N

2988.1N

4234N

2790.7N

2858.5N

4375N

2878.9N

• The results of the motion capture analysis show the force on the lower back during three different movements commonly preformed in healthcare field • The forces 3500N and above are shown as red in the analysis software showing that they are dangerously high. forces and should not be exceeded on the lower back

Joints under dangerous percentages of strain

Subject 19 Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Lifting Wheelchair Lifting Patient on Stretcher Left Ankle 59% Right Hip 64% Right Knee 0% Right Hip 73% Right Hip 11% Right Ankle 49% Right Knee 21% Right Ankle 5% Right Hip 52% Right Hip 14% Right Ankle 4% Right Knee 32% Right Ankle 1% Right Hip 55% Right Hip 9% Right Ankle 71% Right Ankle 1% Right Hip 66% Left Hip 38% Right Ankle 48% Left Knee 0% Left Ankle 14%

Moving Patient onto Medical Bed Right Shoulder 28% Left Shoulder 46% Right Shoulder 35% Left Shoulder 36%

• The results show a number of values that can negatively effect the joints and lower back • The movements preformed in the motion capture analysis can be done many times during a typical day in the healthcare field • The amount of times these movements are preformed combined with the danger to the lower back and joints can be very harmful to healthcare professionals

Figure 1: XSENS model of Lifting Wheelchair

Figure 2: Jack model of Lifting Wheelchair

Figure 3: XSENS model of Lifting Patient on Stretcher

Figure 4: Jack model of Lifting Patient on Stretcher

Figure 5: XSENS model of Moving Patient onto Medical Bed

Figure 6: Jack model of Moving Patient onto Medical Bed

Right Shoulder 41% Left Shoulder 40% Right Shoulder 25% Left Shoulder 25% Right Shoulder 23% Left Shoulder 22%

• These results show the danger these movements can cause on the joints of healthcare professionals • The joints less than 75% capability are also red on the analysis software showing how dangerous these movements are for healthcare professional’s joints

• The task in XSENS can now run. While watching the back forces on the force solver screen in Jack, the frame is stopped when the back force is at its greatest. The frame number, back forces and the joint capabilities less than 75% were collected.

• This is repeated for each subject running each task 5 times.

References 1. Faraz, R., et al. “Prevalence of Spinal Pain (Upper and Lower) and Its Related Factors in Nurses of AJA.” Military Caring Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, 2014, pp. 36–42., doi:10.18869/acadpub.mcs.1.1.36.

2. Daraiseh, N.m., et al. “Low Back Symptoms among Hospital Nurses, Associations to Individual Factors and Pain in Multiple Body Regions.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 40, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 19–24., doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2009.11.004.

Name: Madeline Campanella Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Biomedical Engineering Presenter(s): Madeline Campanella, Andrew Fair Project Mentor: Xiaoxu Ji Abstract Title: A New Technology for Ergonomic Assessment in Healthcare Abstract Submission: It has been found that about 84% of nurses experience lower back pain with varying severities. Severity of pain can range from mild to severe with the greater majority (66%) experiencing a moderate level of pain. This study uses motion capture with the integration of Xsens and Jack software’s. This new technique provides increased accuracy when analyzing lower back muscle strain. Motion capture was utilized to record body positions while subjects partook in 4 common, strenuous lower back movements performed by healthcare professionals. Through analysis we found that each of these motions caused excessive stress on not only the muscles in the lower lumbar system but other muscles and joints such as knees and shoulders.

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Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

W ireless Infrared laser (WIL) Charger Mustafah Altamimi, Riyadh Alfahad, Omar Salameh {Altamimi004,salameh001,alfahad001}@gannon.edu Abstract:

Inferred Laser: The inferred that we decided to use is an 810nm and that has a 3 watt laser beam.

Power Controller: The purpose of the power controller is to control the project’s on/off switches.

Our inspiration is “Life Without Wires” campaign that is why we came up with the Wireless Infrared Laser (WIL) charger is a wireless charger operating with a solar panel to convert light to electric power. The WIL charger consisting of a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter generates a 3 watts laser beam and directs to a GaAs solar panel which is the receiver to charge up to three Internet-of-Thing (IoT) devices (i.e., smartphones and tablets) within a 5 meter radius. Using DC-DC converter we will be able to adjust the voltage input to the phone for efficient charging.

Progress: We have finished designing the power monitor and we are in the progress of building the power controller, and we have tested the laser outputs using the solar panel

Parts: • IC Atmega 328p • IC LM7805 • IC Base 28pin • Diodes 1N4001

Acknowledgments:

• 3 nos Resistors 10k, 2.2k all quarter watt • 1 each Capacitors 1000/35v, 1000/25v • Ceramic disk capacitor 22pf • 2 no Ceramic disk 0.1uf • Crystal 16MHz • Rotary Encoder (with integrated push switch)

Special thanks to Dr. Zhao, Dr. Jung. IEEE websites.

• 5pin PCB connector male & female • 40 pin break-away header(Male) • Solid state relay rated@ 240VAC 20Amps 1 • 6x2 LCD display module(Oriole) • Transformer 9-0-9/500mA

WIL- Charger: Our design is a wireless charging laser that will be focused on a PV panel point to point. We will be using a powerful laser beam, 3W that is being directed at a GaAs cell panel aka PV panel which will use the heat from the laser beam to create enough current and a high enough voltage to charge a phone. The Wireless charger will have a charging distance up to 5m in radius. Using DC-DC converter we will be able to adjust the voltage input to the phone for efficient charging. WIL power consists of two part.

The transmitter and the receiver.

Our team:

The safety- Obstacle Aspect:

Solar Panel:

For the safety purpose, we have decided on the main thigs just to ensure the perfection of the safety. First, any laser beam that does not have a wavelength of 400nm- 700nm is not harmful for the human eyes. Therefore, we have decide to use an inferred laser which has a wavelength of 810nm. Second, we chose to make the laser beam to be point to point. Third, just to ensure the safety we have decided to do our project in a closed environment.

We chose GSAS solar panel because it is one of the best types of solar panels that work with inferred laser beams. Its efficiency is 32%.

Left to right, Omar Salameh (ECE), Riyadh Alfahad (ECE), and Mustafa Altamimi (ECE), The team worked met 6 hours every week to work as a group. Members also worked individually on the project throughout the week, as their schedules allowed.

Mustafa Altamimi (ECE),

Name: Riyadh Alfahad Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Undergraduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical Engineering Presenter(s): Riyadh Alfahad, Omar Salameh, Mustafah Altamimi Project Mentor: Yong kyu Jung Abstract Title: Wireless Infrared Laster (WIL) Charger Abstract Submission: Our inspiration is “Life Without Wires: campaign that is why we came up with the Wireless Infrared Laser (WIL) charger is a wireless charger operating with a solar panel to convert light to electric power. The WIL charger consisting of a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter generates a 3 watts laser beam and directs to a GaAs solar panel which is the receiver to charge up to three Internet-of-Thing (IoT) devices (i.e., smartphones and tablets) within a 5 meter radius. Using DC-DC converter we will be able to adjust the voltage input to the phone for efficient charging.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Undergraduate | Research & Scholarship

63

GRADUATE RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP PLATFORM PRESENTATION

64

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Name: Emily Grambo Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Occupational Therapy Presenter(s): Julia Ferringer, Emily Grambo, Hannah Murkens, Emily Scifo, Jillian Smith Project Mentor: Julia Hawkins Abstract Title: The Impact of Tactile Play on the Oral Acceptance of Wet Food Items Abstract Submission: Mealtime and nutrition can be negatively impacted when children have sensory or food aversions. Limited evidence based intervention approaches are available to treat sensory based feeding problems. This research explored the effects of tactile play in wet, non-food items on the oral acceptance of foods of similar texture. Three children participated in tactile play in wet, non-food items and then were presented with their non-preferred food each group session. Food acceptance was tracked using the Sequential Oral Sensory hierarchy which caregivers also used at home to track progress. After six weeks, all three children increased their acceptance of non-preferred food.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

65

GRADUATE RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP POSTER PRESENTATIONS

66

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Compressive Stress Relaxation Testing of Elastomeric Seals

Dilip Menon menon004@gannon.edu

INTRODUCTION

TEST METHODOLOGY

OBSERVATIONS

INDUSTRY IMPLICATIONS

Today, the performance of most seal materials is checked using a test called ‘Compression Set’. As per ASTMD395, this test involves taking a cylindrical sample and compressing it into a fixture at a specified temperature and for a specified time. The sample, usually in the shape of cylindrical ‘buttons’ are then removed from the fixture and allowed to recover some of its height. The recovered height is then measured after a specified period of time. Using this value, Compression Set is calculated. However, this test is highly oversimplified and doesn’t accurately predict seal performance.

The elastomer seal samples, molded into cylindrical buttons are placed in specially designed fixtures that allow accurate and centered application of the load within the operating range as well as quick loading and unloading of the samples before and after testing. The entire setup is placed on the MTI-2K testing machine under compression loading.

A typical load-deflection curve for CSR testing is given below.

The elastomeric seals tested in this project are generally used for medical purposes. Hence, they require a higher standard of performance and less tolerance for failure than for other applications.

Recent research by Dr. Paul Tuckner of Grace Technology and Development suggests that a more accurate test to determine seal performance is ‘Compression Stress Relaxation (CSR)’. CSR measures % Retained Sealing Force (RSF). It is a measure of the degree of the seal’s ability to retain its sealing force when subjected to compression over time.

All tests are conducted at room temperature.

The % Retained Sealing Force depends upon the viscoelastic response as well as the configuration effects of the seal material. The viscoelastic response is largely dictated by the physical relaxation of the material. This can vary depending upon the testing temperature and the rate of deformation of the part. However, if the material has been aged or subjected to similar conditions, the viscoelastic response is affected by the resulting chemical relaxation. This may be caused by non-reversible changes to the internal structure of the material, such as breaking of polymer chains or crosslinks.

Second, the tests are repeated for each material, but with varying diameters of the sample parts. Thus, one can observe how % RSF varies with diameter of the seal configuration.

Configuration effects such as seal diameters, thicknesses, shape factors, surface-to-volume ratio also affect the % RSF. Shape factor is the ratio of the compressed area to the area that is allowed to expand.

The database of % RSF values yielded by this project will allow for a vast upgrade in seal performance and testing without any radical overhaul in testing methodology or equipment.

The seals are subjected to compression such that a deflection of 0.1 mm (0.004 in) is applied at a rate of 1.27 mm/min (0.05 in/min). This ensures that at least 800 data points of load vs deflection are obtained over 0.1 mm.

The only differences between Compression Set testing and CSR testing are that sealing force is measured instead of recovered height of the sample, as well as some additional fixtures and operating parameters. One could use the older setup with suitable modifications to start testing for CSR.

First, compressive testing is performed for seals of different materials but same dimensions. Thus, the behavior of % RSF can be monitored for different materials.

Current standards of seal manufacturing and performance as well as usable lives of elastomer seals would have to be changed massively to integrate this change.

Compound formulations of elastomers that yield better stiffness and % RSF would have to be considered for medical seals rather than those with better Compression Set values. Manufacturing processes and operations would also to consider that % RSF is a key property of seal performance.

Third, the tests are repeated for each material, but with the thicknesses of the samples being changed. % RSF behavior with respect to sample thickness can be observed.

Corry Rubber provided the necessary elastomer specimens and they are the manufacturer of medical seals and the sponsor of this project.

Lastly, the tests are done for each material, but with varying shape factors.

This yields how the % RSF changes with changing shape factor.

The tentative test set-up with all fixtures and sample is given below. The cylindrical plunger in the lower fixture compresses the sample in the steel cup-like structure.

It has been observed that as Compression Set increases, % Retained Sealing Force decreases.

The goal of this project is to perform CSR tests on a variety of elastomeric seal materials in different configurations after subjecting them to different post-processing operations. Hence, a database of values of CSR tests on different materials under different conditions and configurations can be obtained.

Initial linear region of the data is driven mainly by the system response, which includes the fixtures. The linear region after the slope of the graph has changed represents the sample response. The load value at the intersection of the 2 lines gives the sealing force.

Thus, the % Retained Sealing Force,

Different values of % RSF are obtained and tabulated for varying thicknesses of samples, varying diameters of samples, varying shape-factors of samples as well as for different materials.

Thus, an extensive database of CSR values for different elastomeric seal materials under different configurations are obtained.

Name: Dilip Menon Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: College of Engineering and Business Presenter(s): Dilip Menon Project Mentor: Robert Michael Abstract Title: Compressive Stress Relaxation Testing of Elastomeric Seals Abstract Submission: Elastomer seal performance is determined by “compression set”, which involves taking a cylindrical sample and compressing it in a fixture at a specified temperature and time as per ASTM D395. Recent research suggests that a more accurate test to determine seal material performance is Compression Stress Relaxation (CSR), which measures % Retained Sealing Force (RSF).

The goal of this project is to perform CSR tests on various elastomeric seal materials at various post-processing operations. The results obtained by this project allow for a major upgrade in seal performance testing and validation without any radical overhaul in testing methodology or equipment.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

67

Artificial Intelligence Development on Sign Language Translation and Autonomous System Yiming Han and Tenger Batjargal

Faculty Advisor:

Gannon University—Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Dr. Ramakrishnan Sundaram

Neural Networks in Our Experiment

Abstract The artificial intelligence has transformed from an idea to reality due to power of the computers, which has been increasing.

The research group in Electrical and Computer Engineering has been working on how the artificial intelligence could be used to increase life-quality, and to help on autonomous system operation. The current research and development projects are:  Sign Language Translation and Recognition  Object Detection and Recognition for Autonomous System

A basic ResNet block consists of:  Two convolutional layers  Batch normalization  Rectified linear unit (ReLU)  A shortcut pass5 connection the top of the block to the layer just before the last ReLU. For our experiments, we use the relatively shallow ResNet-34 that adopts the basic blocks.

Object Detection for Intelligent Ground Vehicle

Object Detection

In the Auto-Nav Challenge of Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition, the requirements are:  A fully autonomous unmanned ground robotic vehicle  The vehicle must avoid obstruction and remain within the lane

The Artificial Intelligence that we are developing utilizes YOLOv3, which can detect and recognize objects at 40—50 frames per second. Both information range detection system and AI based object detection can provide what type object is how far from the autonomous vehicle.

Sign Language: Preprocessing for Dataset  Openpose for extracting keypoints  Using keypoints information to crop video  Using k-means method with keypoint information to se-

lect keyframe

 Normalize the video  Resize all video to same height and width

Figure 8. Example Auto-Nav Course with Ramp

Figure 11. Auto-Nav Course 2019

Line Detection E-net is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) type is utilized for IGVC development.  70 datasets for training Figure 1. Openpose Hand Keypoints



30 datasets for testing



30—40 frames per second for the Line Detection

Figure 4. Resnet-34 Example

Figure 2. Keyframes Selection using K-means

Convolution Block Attention Module

K-means

 Vector quantization originally from signal processing  Aims to partition n observations into k clusters  Each observation belongs to the cluster with the near-

est mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid)

 Partitioning of the data space into Voronoi cells.

Figure 11. YOLOv3 Network Architecture

Figure 5. Architecture of 34-layer Residual Network

 Two separate dimensions such as channel and spatial  Multiplied to the input feature map for adaptive feature refine-

ment

 Integrated into any CNN architectures seamlessly  Negligible overheads  End-to-end trainable along with base CNNs due to its light-

Figure 9. E-Net Structure

weight and general module

Figure 12. YOLOv3 Object Detection Example

Conclusion The Artificial Intelligent development team at Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering is looking forward to use the AI development for more future projects and research.

Figure 3. K-means Example

Figure 6. Cbam Block

Figure 7. Cbam in Convolution

Figure 10. Example of Line-Detection using E-Net

Name: Tenger Batjargal Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Presenter(s): Yiming Han, Tenger Batjargal Project Mentor: Ramakrishnan Sundaram Abstract Title: Artificial Intelligence Development on Sign Language Translation and Autonomous System Abstract Submission: The artificial intelligence has transformed from an idea to reality due to power of the computers, which has been increasing. The research group in Electrical and Computer Engineering has been working on how the artificial intelligence could be used to increase life-quality, and to help on autonomous system operation. One of the research discusses how to effectively solve the problem of sign language recognition based on deep learning. The scope of the design process consists of using openpose to capture the sign language features of each video sign language performers and transfer the corresponding key points to frequency domain by using Fourier Transform which are the features of sign languages. The other research focuses on self-driving or autonomous vehicle where it can detect and recognize objects around the system. With this ability, the vehicle can operate more safely.

68

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Collaborative Project of Gannon Doctor of Physical Therapy and Engineering Program Tenger Batjargal1 and Alex Moldovan2 Gannon University—1Electrical and Computer Engineering; 2Doctor of Physical Therapy Program;

GoBabyGo    

Program that provides modified, ride-on cars for young children with motor challenges Modified cars allow children to independently explore their environment Independent exploration supports cognitive, perceptual, and social development Modifications include additional trunk support and alternative switch type and location for car operation

Virtual Reality Wheelchair Training

Our GoBabyGo Experience

Abstract A collaborative team from both Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program was established to create interdisciplinary opportunities to solve real-world problems.  GoBabyGo Adaptive Car Program  Virtual Reality Wheelchair Training





The collaboration allowed physical therapy students/faculty to provide education on:  Importance of independent mobility  Description of needs of each child regarding adaptive seating  Positioning as well as matching child’s motor ability to switch type and location to engineering students/faculty The collaboration allowed engineering student/faculty to:  Practice engineering process to ensure the solution can satisfy requirements  Work on research and project outside of engineering field  Understand the scope of opportunities for collaboration across disciplines

  

11 year old both with spastic cerebral palsy Has power wheelchair with head array but is unable to drive independently Skill training with the power wheelchair is resource-limited as it requires a great deal of space, time, and adult supervision

Figure 6. Our Client with His Power Wheelchair

Our Solution for VR Wheelchair Training  

Figure 3. Build of Material for GoBabyGo Car Figure 1. Our GoBabyGo Logo

Our Solution for GoBabyGo 



Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Role:  Determine necessary postural support to allow safe and stable sitting  Determine optimal switch type and location Electrical and Computer Engineering Role:  Create electrical access for alternative switches  Create switches when necessary  Perform safety test to insure reliability of electrical modifications  Assist with creation of postural supports



Our Team Plan for GoBabyGo   

GoBabyGo to be an annual collaboration project Freshman engineering students will be recruited to assist with the basic modifications of the cars Junior or senior engineering students will be recruited to assist with more sophisticated and complicated adaptations as needed



Create a virtual reality training system that utilizes a replica of child’s head array control system Training system to include an augmented feedback platform to simulate vestibular, proprioceptive, and kinesthetic sensory feedback to reinforce learning Physical therapy student/faculty:  Identified and describe the problem, including:  Motor and cognitive capabilities of the child  Dosing parameters for training to support motor learning  Role of sensory feedback in motor learning  Determined system needs for VR gaming and investigated possibilities for VR “world” creation ECE student/faculty:  Determined system functions and capabilities of existing head array control system  Designed augmented feedback platform

Figure 4. Different Versions of the Modified GoBabyGo Cars Figure 8. The Current Head Array Controller

Faculty Advisor: Professor. Donald V. MacKellar1 Dr. Kristen Snarski2

Our VR Wheelchair Training Experience The collaboration allowed PT student/faculty to consider the client problem in terms of an engineering solution but approached it from a “what if” mindset while allowing the ECE student/faculty to work through possible solution scenarios.

Figure 9. Testing of the Head Array Controller in Laboratory

In the figure above, our engineering student was able to modify the client’s old wheelchair to test the controller for further development. The power wheelchair, including the head array controller, was donated from our client’s family.

Our Team Plan for VR Wheelchair Training This project remains in design phase so future work will be to:  Build VR system integration with the head array controller  Test and implement the augmented feedback platform  Miniaturized version of the power wheelchair that can be practiced easily and simply with a head tilt motion

Figure 9. Remotely Controlled Miniaturized Wheelchair with Head Tilt Motion

Figure 2. Example of Modified Car

Name: Tenger Batjargal Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Physical Therapy and Electrical and Computer Engineering Presenter(s): Tenger Batjargal, Alex Moldovan Project Mentor: Kristen Snarski Abstract Title: Collaborative Project of Gannon Doctor of Physical Therapy and Engineering Program Abstract Submission: A collaborative team from both Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program was established to create interdisciplinary opportunities to solve real-world problems. One of the collaborative projects, called GoBabyGo Adaptive Car Program, focuses on providing modified, ride-on cars to young children with movement challenges so they can move around independently and explore their environment in a fun and educational way. The goal of the GoBabyGo program is three-fold: Provide safe and accessible mobility devices for children with mobility impairments, create opportunities for children to explore their world and have fun, and bring together expertise from multiple disciplines to build customized cars for children in need. An additional collaborative project focuses on helping a client who is an 11-year old boy with a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. He is currently functioning at a Level 5 on the Gross Motor Function Classification System and has had difficulty learning to drive a power wheelchair. Our collaboration team is working on providing him more practice time using both physical and virtual solutions.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

69

Development of an Evidence-Based Toolkit for OT in Primary Care

Marie Johnson, OTR/L johnson206@gannon.edu

To develop a Toolkit for OT in Primary Care after answering the clinical

question: Is there sufficient evidence supporting development of a

Toolkit for OT in Primary Care?

• AOTA has been regularly promoting the role of OT in primary

care since 2012

• Institute of Healthcare Improvement promotes the idea of

improved access to primary care through optimizing care

teams and considering new primary care models

• Principles of Triple Aim and the Patient Protection and

Affordable Care Act align align with the idea of new primary

care teams

• Similar to Occupational Therapists (OTs), primary care

physicians provide care for patients across the life span.

• Increases in healthcare spending, growth in chronic

conditions and an aging population create need for new

models

• In 2018, 30% of Americans visited a primary care physician

at least once, 24% visited twice, and 23% visited their

primary care physician three or more times

• Supply gap in US physicians projected to be 52,000 by 2025

• Clinical expenditures for primary care were projected to be

$767.6 billion in 2019, up from $5.6 billion in 1960.

• Promotes the role of OT in primary care

• Keeps OT relevant and included part of healthcare legislation

• Supports AOTA’s strategic goals

• It is the hope that OTs will use this tool to start a

conversation and to begin offering services in the area of

Supporting Conceptual Framework

Research Objective

Background

$$$$$$

Significance and possible implication for the field of Occupational Therapy

Website page for General Primary Care

Description of the Data and Themes

Major themes in research showed:

Major themes continued:

Limited amount of high-level intervention studies

• Studies exist that were conducted outside of the US and set the stage for implementation in the US

Studies overlap occupational therapy with some of the major diagnostic groups seen in primary care

• Primary Care physicians are feeling the burden of a vast scope of practice and are open to new practice models

OT assessments and interventions are impactful in the primary care setting

primary care

Development of the Toolkit

The Toolkit is an electronic, open access toolkit broken into four areas:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Diabetes Tool Mental Health Tool General Use Primary Care Tools Health Promotion Tool

Each area has the following subsections: 1. Evaluations, Tests and Measures 2. Physician Metrics in Primary Care 3. Training and Certifications 4. Websites, Position Statements and Factsheets 5. Patient Education/Intervention Related Materials 6. References

Survey used to collect data on usefulness

How likely are you to recommend the Toolkit to a friend or colleague?

What type of healthcare professional are you?

Name: Marie Johnson Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Occupational Therapy Presenter(s): Marie Johnson Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Development of an Evidence-Based Toolkit for OT in Primary Care Abstract Submission: It is widely known that the US spends more on healthcare than similar nations and yet the health of Americans is mediocre comparably. Complicating this is a growing shortage of primary care physicians and escalating healthcare costs.

The Affordable Care Act promotes development of integrated primary care teams that focus on health promotion and prevention.

Occupational therapists (OT), with their unique abilities to provide occupation-based interventions, are distinctively qualified to complement primary care teams. This project for OT practitioners is an evidence-based electronic toolkit with resources and tools for OTs in general primary care, diabetes, mental health and health promotion.

70

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Does Leadership Style Influence Overall Job Satisfaction and the Ability to Achieve Productivity Standards with Staff Therapists Working in the Skilled Nursing Setting?

Framework

Research Questions Ø Is there a relationship between leadership styles within therapy managers in skilled nursing settings and therapist achievement of productivity standards? Ø Is there a relationship between leadership styles of therapy managers and job satisfaction of the therapy staff?

3 Primary Leadership Styles:

Ø Transformational: effective at influencing change Ø Transactional: exchange for performance, effective at achieving goal-directed objectives Ø Laissez-faire: lack of leadership/ownership of responsibilities

CMS Guideline (Year)

Changes for Therapists

Prospective Payment System (1997)

- introduction of billing per minute vs. per unit - Allowed for tracking of billable vs. unbillable time and the introduction of productivity - Metrics monitored by management - Introduction of group and concurrent treatment - Allowed for increased productivity expectations - Emphasis on value vs. volume - Managing costs per care episode

PatientDriven Payment Model (2019)

• team achievement of productivity standards • balancing the corporate standards • ensuring staff job satisfaction • promoting the delivery of quality services

Online 45-item Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) • 4 additional demographic questions: • What is your discipline? (PT, PTA, OT, OTA, SLP, other) • How often do you meet your company-set productivity standard? (always, frequently, occasionally, rarely, never) • In general, would you say you are satisfied with your current role and manager? (Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) • What discipline is your Therapy Manager (PT, PTA, OT, OTA, SLP, other)

80%

Job Satisfaction based on Leadership Style

Leadership Style Among Managers

83.33%

27% 70.59%

70% 50%

10% 0%

Tran sformation al

36.36% 36.36%

40% 20%

56%

17%

60%

27.28%

30%

The role of the therapy manager:

Significance

•

Results

90%

11.11% 5.56%

palmatie002@gannon.edu

Methods

Full Range of Leadership (FRL) Model

Background & Setting Over 25% of those working as occupational therapists or assistants work in the skilled nursing setting.

Changes in reimbursement from CMS throughout the years have brought service delivery changes and controversy within the SNF setting but have never deemphasized the value of therapy service provision within the SNF setting.

Valerie Palmatier OTD, MS, OTRL

23.53% 80% 5.88%

Tran sformation al Tran saction al Laissez-faire Agree/Stron gly ag ree Neither Ag ree or Disagree Disagree/Stron gly Disagree

Among the sample (n=64), statistically significant difference noted between leadership styles and job satisfaction rates. Despite trends present, further research needed on productivity achievement to determine direct relationship to leadership style.

Tran saction al

Laissez-faire

Productivity Achievement based on Leadership Style

Implications To further leadership development, organizations may want to consider adopting the following practices: • evaluate the leadership styles prevalent among their management teams • determine further opportunity for growth of leadership abilities among their existing teams • Pre-employment screening to determine leadership style prior to hire

Further Research

75%

70% 60%

Discipline

58.80%

54.50%

30% 20% 10% 0%

Transformational

Laissez -faire

50% 40%

Transactional

36.40% 29.40% 22.20% 9.10%

11.80%

2.80% Tran sformation al

Tran saction al

Always/Frequently

Occasion ally

Laissez-Faire Rarely/Never

OT

2.138

2.505

1.132

COTA

1.722

1.85

1.527

PT

1.783

2.043

1.725

PTA

1.85

2.076

1.383

SLP

2.025

2.21

0.9

Other

1.125

1.1

2.375

ü Leadership style by discipline? ü Leadership: inherent or learned? ü Developing leadership style

Name: Valerie Palmatier Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Occupational Therapy Presenter(s): Valerie Palmatier Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Does Leadership Style Influence Overall Job Satisfaction and the Ability to Achieve Productvity standards with Staff Threapists Working in the Skilled Nursing Setting?

Abstract Submission: This study used the Full Range Leadership (FRL) Model to determine whether there was a relationship between leadership style of management, achievement of company-driven performance metrics, and staff satisfaction for therapists working in SNF. Results revealed a positive significant relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction (p

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

71

Use of Ar m Exoskeleton Training in Upper Extremity Stroke Recover y During Inpatient Rehabilitation

Lindsay Wismer, OTD, MS, OTR/L wismer002@gannon.edu

RESEARCH RESEARCH QUESTION QUESTION Two-sample t-test assuming unequal variances used for statistical

Data Analysis Does the use of the arm exoskeleton, ArmeoSpring, in addition to standard occupational therapy intervention, improve functional outcomes for patients with stroke in the subacute rehabilitation phase, when compared to standard occupational therapy intervention alone?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FLOW Research Purpose Research Type Data Sample

Outcome Measure

Analytical study, exploring change in a control (CG) and treatment (TG) Quantitative, retrospective De-identified data collected from electronic medical charts between 2018-2019 at a single stroke accredited inpatient

Demographic Characteristics Age (years)

CG (n=85)

Gender Female Male Length of Stay (LOS) Type of Stroke Ischemic Hemorrhage Ischemia/ hemorrhage

p value 0.30079586 (greater than 0.05) in pre-post change indicating not enough evidence for statistical difference

TG (n=17)

78

64

46%

29%

54%

71%

15.6

22.8

86%

82%

Hemiplegic Side Left Right

The arm exoskeleton is being by therapists at the IRF with younger people after stroke and people that are requiring longer lengths of stay ( admit lower FIM scores = lower level of function)

TG had a greater change In pre-post FIM score change than CG

12%

8%

The majority of therapists at the IRF are not using the arm exoskeleton in their plan of care (17% of the sample population received the intervention)

•

•

•

6%

Discussion

Results

analysis to measure change : in pre-post test scores and in baseline clinical characteristics (age & LOS) between the CG and TG

The literature supports that use of arm exoskeleton training in stroke recovery however the exact role is unclear in clinical use

•

6%

58%

53%

42%

47%

•

Statistical differences in age

( p= 0.00012) and LOS (p=0.00085) in two groups

WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP…...

rehab facility (IRF)

Ongoing research at the IRF:

Functional Independence Data Collection

•

•

•

•

•

IRB approval A list was provided from hospital personnel of people admitted with a stroke to the IRF Accessed medical

Inclusion Criteria: • •

record •

•

•

•

Followed inclusion/ exclusion criteria Separated into CG and TG based on criteria and arm exoskeleton intervention Collected pre and post FIM scores Collected demographical data

Background

6 items assessed (self care) 7 point scale measuring level of independent based on a person’s performance

•

Stroke Diagnosis Manual Muscle Grade 1+ to 4- in the arm and/or moderate gross motor incoordination Ability to sit in chair for 30 minutes Exclusion Criteria:

•

Medical Instability

•

Arm Pain

•

• • •

Recent pacemaker or sternal precautions Inability follow commands Visual deficits Only used ArmeoSpring 1 time in plan of care

Future Research

1.Increasing sample size

Measure (FIM)

•

•

Treatment Group

Impacts a person’s ability to function Hemiparesis, weakness on one side of the body, is common after a stroke

Theory + technological

Intervention

advancements + changes in healthcare delivery & costs = increase in

multidisciplinary therapy a week OT interventions address stroke recovery and maximizing a person’s

3. Standardizing TG intervention in clinical implementation, and comparing and analyzing functional outcomes

independence through the use of

OT Role:

various interventions

Maximize

Stroke

specific factors (type of stroke, age, level of arm impairment)

•

rehabilitation robotic devices

80-85% of people have difficulty using their arm

2. Analyzing & comparing Traditional inpatient neurorehabilitation includes 15 hours of •

•

functional recovery after stroke

•

Treatment intervention explored:

•

Features of the device:

Supports the arm via springs providing weight compensation at shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand for longer exercise times

•



•

•

Stages of learning

Goal-directed, functional, purposeful tasks •

Repetition, high intensity •



Feedback

Neurorehabilitation enhances & supports neurological & functional recovery after stroke

Arm exoskeleton device used in the research



Connected to computer for virtual based activities Provides visual feedback

Creating a defined protocol for the use of the arm exoskeleton at the IRF for clinician guidance

arm exoskeleton device

Motor recovery & motor control theory focuses on:

Potential Implications

•

Increasing knowledge on the topic, role of OT, & arm exoskeleton for the rehab department, healthcare organization, and community Contributing to the occupational therapy profession through evidence based practice and research

Name: Lindsay Wismer Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Occupational Therapy Presenter(s): Lindsay Wismer Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Use of Arm Exoskeleton Training in Upper Extremity Stroke Recovery during Inpatient Rehabilitation Abstract Submission: Optimizing functional recovery during subacute stroke recovery is critical for a person’s quality of life. This research compared functional outcomes between a control group (CG) and a treatment group (TG) receiving neurological rehabilitation at a single inpatient rehabilitation facility. The CG received traditional occupational therapy (OT) services and the TG received the same traditional OT services plus an arm exoskeleton intervention. The retrospective study used de-identified data in pre-post Functional Independence Measure scores to compare change. Although there was no statistical significance between the groups, the average prepost score changes were higher in the TG, warranting further research.

72

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) Usage by Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Shari K Stover OTD, OTR/L

stover006@gannon.edu

Research Questions

Supporting Evidence

Research Results

Home assessments and modifications have been shown to…

Question 1: Is there a difference between the total number of

home safety hazards identified by older adults

Frequently Identified Risk Factors

compared to the total number of home safety hazards identified by a second examiner?

Percentage of agreement between the two raters ranged from 77.0% to 100% with a mean of 91.9% (SD = 6.8)

Question 2: Is there a difference in the number of safety hazards per area of the home identified by older adults

Home Area Entrance to front door/yard Entrance to back/side door Hallway or foyer Living room Kitchen Bedroom Bathroom Staircases Laundry room/basement Garage Total:

Background Falls are the leading cause of injury and deaths in people age 65 or older More than one in four community-dwelling older adults age 65 or older fall each year, with one of five falls resulting in injury One in four older adults have a mobility impairment or environmental barrier in the home, which present fall risks for them

The CDC recommends the following to reduce falls: 1. Talk to you doctor 2. Complete strength & balance exercises 3. Have your eyes checked 4. Make your home safer

Setting 







Rural Western Pennsylvania



Research Design

Increase safety and participation in daily activities by the older adult

Older Adults 15 10 2 4 11 8 22 3 2 7 84

2). Explanation of how to administer the HSSAT

Partners 20 16 2 4 12 12 30 3 3 9 111

Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool

1). Educational session regarding fall risks and research study

(Lockwood, et al., 2017; Sommerville, et al., 2016, Stark, et al., 2018)

HSSAT

Checklist for possible safety hazards Possible solutions for identified hazards

4). Participant completes the HSSAT on their home environment

Total hazards identified from 10 areas of the home assessed

5). Second rater completes the HSSAT on the same home environment at a separate time

Independent living apartment complex Family and friends of the residents

7). Scores were recorded 8). Data was analyzed

Reduce decline in physical functioning (Chase, et al., 2012; Horowitz, et al., 2016)

Reduce the need for caregivers ( AOTA, 2015; Horowitz, et al., 2016)

Decrease readmission rates to hospitals and delay institutionalization (AOTA, 2015; Leland, Crum, Phipps, Roberts, & Gage, 2015; Lockwood, et al., 2017)

Decrease health care costs (AOTA, 2015; Keall, et al., 2015)

Increase health outcomes and customer satisfaction (Leland, et al., 2015)

Significance to Occupational Therapy

Tips for fall prevention

3). Participants given 2 copies of the HSSAT - one for the participant, one for a second rater

6). Booklets returned to researcher

Family and friends of the staff

Decrease the risk of falls (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2015; Horowitz, et al, 2013; Keall, et al., 2015; Lockwood, et al., 2017; Sommerville, et al., 2016)

Total Number of Risk Factors Identified for Each Home Area:

and a second examiner?

The WHO (2018) recommends prevention strategies that emphasize education, training, creating safer environments, and prioritizing fall-related research to reduce the risk of falls

There was not a statistically significant difference between the two raters (older adults & partners) when compared using a paired t-test.

Action log for possible solutions

HSSAT good to use for Wellness and Preventative Programs

Primary areas with fall hazards: bathrooms, entrances, kitchen Home assessments increase ability to identify and then modify the home environment to reduce fall hazards

Summary Educate older adults of risk hazards prior to injury/disability Identify most common areas/risk factors associated with falls 

Having a partner help with home assessment could increase hazard identification Increase ability to safely remain in their own home/age in place https://sphhp.buffalo.edu/content/sphhp/rehabilitation-science/ research-and-facilities/funded-research/aging/home-safety-selfassessment-tool/_jcr_content/par/download_526197706/file.res/

Name: Shari Stover Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Occupational Therapy Presenter(s): Shari Stover Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) Usage by Community-dwelling Older Adults Abstract Submission: Abstract Research supports the role of home assessments for identifying and addressing risk factors that can decrease falls and subsequent injuries. This exploratory study utilized the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) to compare risk factors identified in 12 different areas of the home environment by the older adult and an independent home assessment by their partner. Results revealed high agreement (91.9%) of identified risk factors. Occupational therapists can use information from this study as it supports a way for their clients and their families/caregivers to conduct self-assessments of the home environment that detect the majority of falls risks.

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73

Person-Centered Dementia Care: Abilities-Based Programming in Long-term Care

Aime Rizzuto, BS/MS, OTR/L aimerizzuto@gmail.com Dr. Michele Karnes, Ed.D. OTR/L

Research Questions

Results of Data Analysis on Knowledge of Dementia:

•

Post hoc testing for all pairwise comparisons revealed a significant increase in test scores on the (DKAT2) from pre-test to follow-up test (p = 0.33), and there was an increase although not statistically significant different from post-test to follow-up (p = .231).

•

The current incidence as well as growing numbers of individuals with dementia and high financial & personal cost of the disease To establish that occupational therapy practitioners can create person-centered care models for long-term care facilities.

Results suggest significant knowledge was gained through participation in educational session I and retained three weeks later after educational session II.

•

•• •

• •

•

• •

Results of the 3 Researcher-Developed Questions About the Education:

146-bed long-term care facility located in the southern tier of Western New York in Chautauqua County





1) “Did you find dementia education helpful?”

100% at post- and follow-up test reported YES, dementia education as helpful.

2) “Do you understand the stages of dementia?”

Pre-test to post-test increased from 71% to 100% stating YES and stayed at 100% at follow-up test.

••

Methods •

•

•

•

The researcher-occupational therapist developed & provided an educational program on person-centered care for dementia care De-identified data was collected using the 21–question Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool—Version 2 (DKAT2).

3 researcher-developed yes/no questions were included to assess knowledge, confidence, & helpfulness of educational sessions.

Data analysis of pre-, post-, follow-up testing was completed using SPSS

3) “Did you feel confident in your abilities working with people who have advanced dementia?”

Confidence levels remained unchanged across time (86%) = high confidence in abilities in working with those with dementia



Session 1 - Person-Centered Dementia Care: • • • • • •

Pre-test DKAT2/researcher-developed questionnaire completed Types of dementia Disruptive behaviors - possible reason why, how to address Stages of dementia - review of skills and abilities at stages Abilities-based activity programming Post-test DKAT2/researcher-developed questionnaire completed

Session 2 - Brainstorming & Wrap-Up: • • • •

Review of stages of dementia Review of sample case studies as a group Brainstorming - questions/answers Follow-Up DKAT2/researcher-developed questionnaire completed

Significance to Occupational Therapy

Knowledgeable caregivers trained in caring for the needs of

those w/ dementia areeducating more confident satisfied their role Provides a model for staff in&the area ofinperson-centered care for those with various levels of dementia Improved the quality of interactions between the caregiver and perPromotes occupational therapy practitioner as an appropriate person to provide education about person-centered care son with dementia can improve the quality of life for both

Future Research Recommendations

•

• •

Provide person-centered dementia education to all staff members Provides in a model educating staff the areastaff of personworking skilledfor nursing facility to in improve knowledge Obtain a larger sample to confirm if the educational interventions centered care for improved those withtest various levels of dementia continue to yield scores on knowledge of dementia Collecting additional staff information to examine the correlation Promotes the occupational therapy practitioner an appropriate of confidence for newer employees versus thoseasworking in this setting for longer periods of time. person to provide education about person-centered care

Summary Future Research Recommendations

Person-Centered Dementia Care Framework

This Capstone Project contributes to education the dearthto ofall information availProvide person-centered dementia staff members able about the benefits of providing person-centered dementia care inworking long-term facilities how the occupational therapy practiin care skilled nursingand facility to improve staff knowledge tioner may be the leading person to provide these educational opportunities on thissample topic. to confirm if the educational intervenObtain a larger •

The FOUNDATION of the framework are Core Values and Philosophy.

•

The STRUCTURE of the framework has eight interconnected domains: Relationships Community Governance Leadership Care partners Meaningful life engagement Environment Accountability

tions continue to yield improved test scores on knowledge of de-



mentia



Education Sessions

Knowledgeable caregivers trained in caring for the needs of those long-term care w/ dementia arefacilities more confident & satisfied in their role Improved quality of interactions between the caregiver and person Person-centered dementia with dementia can improvecare the approach quality ofthat life focuses for bothon mean-

Significance to Occupational Therapy • •

Table 1: Mean Test Scores out of a possible 21 (Pre-test/Baseline = 15.6, Post-test = 17.9, Follow-up Test = 18.4)

The number of people with dementia is expected to significantly grow signifiNumber of people w/ dementia is expected to grow Proactive preparation should be taken to prepare staff working in cantly in the next 20-30 years long-term care facilities Person-centered dementia care approach focuses on meaningful Proactive preparation should engagement be taken to prepare staff working in and purposeful occupational

ingful and purposeful occupational engagement •

•

Setting and Background •

There is a significant difference among the mean scores for knowledge gained on the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool—Version 2 (DKAT2) for all participants [F(2, 12) = 5.14, p = 0.024] w/ significance set at p < 0.05.

•

Motivation for Research •

Supporting Evidence Supporting Evidence

Results Pre-, Post-, Follow-Up Test Scores on DKAT2

1) “Did staff education about person-centered dementia care and abilities-based programming increase overall staff knowledge and confidence about dementia-related care?”

2) “Did staff confidence improve regarding providing care to persons with dementia?”



•

    

Operational practices: aim at providing interesting, meaningful, and purposeful activities and experiences in the daily life for people with dementia.

Individualized practices: are specific ways one can interact with a person to support and honor their uniqueness, preferences, and needs.

Summary This Capstone Project contributes to the dearth of information Figure 1 - Source: The Dementia Initiative, 2013

available about the benefits of providing person-centered dementia care in long-term care facilities and how the occupational therapy practitioner may be the leading person to provide these educational opportunities on this topic.

Name: Aime Rizzuto Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Post-Professional OTD Program Presenter(s): Aime Rizzuto Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Person-Centered Dementia Care: Abilities-Based Programming in Long-term Care Abstract Submission: According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 14 million persons will be living with dementia by 2050. A person-centered approach can be effective for understanding and responding to the needs of those with dementia, and it is essential that staff be trained in this approach. A person-centered care educational program for skilled nursing facility staff was devised to increase knowledge regarding this approach. Analysis of pre, post, to follow-up test Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool – Version 2 scores revealed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.33), indicating an increase in knowledge related to the dementia trajectory and care strategies.

74

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

READY TO LEARN AND PLAY:

IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE FOR STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) Research Question For children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, does occupational therapy utilizing the Ready to Learn and Play sensory regulation framework plus standard care, when compared to standard care alone, improve occupational performance as measured by the SCOPE in the school environment?









Intervention

Connects neurological threshold to the selfregulation continuum Potential to improve regulation to impact occupational performance

Methods

Background Children with ASD often have sensory processing difficulties which impact occupational performance Need for evidence-based interventions to maximize occupational performance Need for individuals with ASD and caregivers to recognize sensory behaviors as clues to direct sensory-based interventions

leinfuss001@gannon.edu

Dunn’s Model of Sensory Processing





Janis Leinfuss MS OTR/L





De-identified data sets represented students attending specialized school Sensory Profile 2 at pretest and Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) at pretest and posttest to evaluate change in both groups Paired T-tests evaluated in-child and group differences

Significance to OT

Results



Both groups demonstrated positive change in occupational performance over the course of the intervention period, (intervention group M = 26.4, control group M = 3.25). 

Ready to Learn and Play breaks down complexity of sensory processing patterns to identify sensory-based interventions to meet unique sensory needs Coaching and training incorporated to facilitate recognition of sensory clues and support implementation of strategies to meet unique sensory needs.

Utilizes evidence-based teaching approaches from behavioral psychology and education, and OT theory 

When comparing the two groups, the intervention group had a greater positive change in SCOPE score (t = 8.24; p = 0.000214) MEAN





VARIANCE OBSERVATIONS HYPOTHESIZED MEAN DIFFERENCE Df t Statistic P value

Variable 1 26.4 (INTERVENTION GROUP) 33.3 5 0

Variable 2 3.25 (CONTROL GROUP)





4.916667 4

Future Research Recommendations 

5 8.242054 0.000214 (p < 0.05)

An evidence-based treatment option for OTs in intervention planning for clients with ASD across the lifespan Viable treatment tool to connect sensory-based treatment to occupational performance for students with ASD Validates unique role of OT on the treatment team for students with ASD Further validates efficacy of sensory-based interventions for facilitating occupational performance







Replication studies with more participants Use a group therapy model or a consultative model Primary context in other setting (group home, day program) With other diagnoses with sensory processing challenges

Name: Janis Leinfuss Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Post-Professional OTD Program Presenter(s): Janis Leinfuss Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Ready to Learn and Play: Impact on Occupational Performance fo Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Abstract Submission: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have sensory processing difficulties, which impact participation in daily occupations. This capstone project evaluated an intervention for addressing sensory regulation challenges in school. De-identified data was analyzed to compare Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) scores at pretest and posttest for students receiving standard occupational therapy or Ready to Learn and Play framework plus occupational therapy. The intervention group showed statistically significant improvement (p=0.000214) in occupational performance over the control group. The Ready to Learn and Play framework shows promise as an evidence-based intervention to positively impact the occupational performance of students with ASD.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

75

Clinicians Perspective on Ear ly Mobilization with ECMO Patients within Intensive Care Units RESEARCH QUESTION

What do intensive care clinicians identify as the barriers and limitations to mobilizing adult patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation support?

Kelsey Kulk, OTD, MS, OTR/L kulk001@gannon.edu

Color Key: Patient factors Hospital factors

SETTING



TOP 6 CATEGORICAL BARRIERS TO MOBILIZING ECMO PATIENTS

SIGNIFICANCE TO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY Limited research may be restricting mobility of ECMO patients in intensive care units



Best practice suggests that occupational therapists stay up to date and implement the most current research within their area of practice

1.Patient’s immobility and/or weakness

Bronx, New York Single acute care hospital Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit (CSICU)



2.Patient’s fear and/or anxieties 4.Lack of structured mobility program

Provides information regarding the structured barriers and limitations to

3.Patient’s severity of illness

mobilizing patients on ECMO 

5.Unclear roles, responsibilities, and/or expectations of clinicians

Can assist in the development of early mobilization programs

6.Lack of an early mobilization program

POPULATION

Perfusionists (2) Occupational Therapists (12) Physical Therapists (15) Respiratory Therapists (0) Registered Nurses (0)

OPEN ENDED RESPONSE: WHAT IS THE NUMBER ONE BARRIER TO MOBILIZING A PATIENT ON ECMO? 46% of clinicians reported the lack of an early mobilization program/protocol and/or education of staff members was the biggest barrier.

FUTURE RESEARCH

Is recommended to: 38% of clinicians reported that they were not comfortable mobilizing ECMO patients



mobilizing ECMO patients 

EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (ECMO):

ECMO patients 



the heart and the lungs to circulate blood

2017: The Journal of Intensive Care Society concluded that “early, regular and ongoing rehabilitation is suitable and recommend for pa-

through the circulatory system. (Polastri, Loforte,



2014: Research reports that early mobilization within the ICU is both safe and effective for critically ill patients (Abrams, et al., 2014)

Temporary life support for patients with

&Naca, 2015)

explore newly developed evidence-based

protocols and staffing on units that are mobilizing

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

decreased circulatory function. ECMO acts as

fully understand the relationship between

disciplines and specific barriers/limitations to

help create a well-rounded multi-disciplinary

team approach to early mobilization

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement Quadruple Aim Framework

tients receiving veno-venous ECMO” (Eden et al. 2017, p 214) 

SUMMARY

2018: Research has shown that early mobilization within an ICU can decreased a patients length of stay on the unit and well as within the hospital (Lie, et al., 2018)



l



2019: ECMO has been provided to a total of 112,231 patients inter-

Structured mobility programs & clearly defined roles and responsibilities can increase clinicians participation in early mobilization programs

nationally . 71% of those patients medically recovered (Extracorporeal

METHODS

Life Support Organization—ECMO and ECLS, 2019).



Training and education can help develop and treat patients’ fears and/or anxieties





Research has proven that early mobilization with ECMO patients is 

on bed rest. 

Not all hospitals have structured programs in place leading to the lack of patient care

safe and effective, however many ICU patient’s are still being placed

Occupational therapists can pioneer early mobilization programs with ECMO patients

Although research supports early mobilization with ECMO patients; not all acute care hospitals mobilize patients on ECMO



Limited studies are available that identify barriers and limitations to mobilizing ECMO patients from the clinicians point of view

(Lippincott Solutions, 2017)

Name: Kelsey Kulk Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Post-Professional OTD Program Presenter(s): Kelsey Kulk Project Mentor: Michele Karnes Abstract Title: Clinicians Perspective on Early Mobilization with ECMO Patients within Intensive Care Units Abstract Submission: In recent years there has been an influx of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) who require life support during their hospital stay. Despite their complex medical course, research has supported early mobilization within the ICU. This cross sectional study identified clinicians perceived barriers/limitations to providing patients with early mobilization while on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support within a single hospital setting. Qualitative survey results identified six main categorical barriers that were evenly divided between patient and hospital specific challenges. Results suggest that structured mobility programs could enhance participation in early mobilization and improve patient outcomes.

76

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

Creating Positive Attitudes Starts with Teachers

Karen Probst, OTD probst004@gannon.edu

Research Questions

Pretest Median

T3

Post-Test Median

T1

T2

(Follow-up

T2 to T3 P = .015

T1 to T3 P = .003

Instructional P = .05 Strategies

P = .05

P = .05

Classroom P = .05 Management

P = .05

P = .05

Student

P = .091

P = .091

Total TSES

T1 to T2 P = .010

Median)

Total TSES

and “Does education on disabilities and providing teacher strategies increase positive attitudes towards teaching students with disabilities for general education teachers of elementary and intermediate schools to work successfully with children with special needs?”

6.57

Instructional 6.77 Strategies

Motivation for Research

7.357

7.53

7.05

7.66

Classroom 6.87 Management

7.35

7.41

Student

7.25

7.70

7.15

Engagement

Significance to Occupational Therapy

TSES Wilcoxon Sign Rank p Values

TSES Pre–, Post-, & Follow-up Scores

“Does education on disabilities and providing teacher strategies increase confidence for general education teachers of elementary and intermediate schools to work successfully with children with special needs?”







P = .423

Occupational therapists play a key role in fostering positive attitudes of teachers Occupational therapists have the potential to impact changes in classroom and curricular On-line occupational therapist-teacher collaboration model may provide increased opportunities for collaboration.

Engagement

ATTASmm Wilcoxon Sign Rank p Values Total ATTASmm

T1 to T2

T2 to T3

T1 to T3

P = .419

P = .967

P = .305

Future Research Discussion

Theory of Planned Behavior

Setting

Teacher Self Efficacy Scale (TSES): Teacher’s confidence to influence student learning for all children, with or without disabilities or challenges

Public elementary and intermediate general education school teachers within Erie County, Pennsylvania. The average student to teacher ration was 15:1.









Procedures



School secretaries provided the researcher with individual teacher emails.





Project introduced at faculty meeting; consent forms obtained Emailed pre-test with link to on-line modules

Increase intervention to focus on teacher attitudes Increase intervention areas to include other disciplines, such as psychology, physical therapy, and speech therapy Include junior high and high school teachers.

Summary

School district approval obtained

Emails were sent to invite all elementary and intermediate teachers to participate in this research opportunity by both the researcher and school principals.

Larger population with broader geographic sample





Behavioral Beliefs: link a behavior to a specific outcome.

Salient Referents: individuals or groups that the person believes will approve or disapprove of a particular behavioral performance.

Perceived Behavioral Control: perception of ease or difficulty when performing a specific behavior

Intervention: Educational Modules CHALLENGING DAYS IN THE CLASSROOM? MAYBE SENSORY SYSTEMS ARE THE CULPRIT!

2 weeks later, post-test survey 6 weeks later, follow-up survey

KAREN PROBST GANNON UNIVERSITY

Universal Design for the Classroom: Environment and Curriculum Karen Probst



Attitudes Towards Teaching All Students Scale (ATTASmm): Teacher attitude components: cognitive, affective and behavioral. 

No statistically significant changes noted as attitudes of participants were already high

On-line educational modules support learning by general education teachers.

Theory of Planned Behavior supports the provision of topic options for teachers A library of online modules may allow teachers to choose a module to address specific issues they are experiencing in their own classroom.

Creating Positive Attitudes Starts With Teachers

KAREN PROBST, MS, OTR/L CAPSTONE CHAIR: MICHELLE KARNES, ED.D, OTR/L

APRIL 23, 2020

Photo by Kelly Dillon

Name: Karen Probst Category: Research/Scholarship Level: Graduate Sponsoring Department: Post-Professional OTD Program Presenter(s): Karen Probst Project Mentor: Michelle Karnes Abstract Title: Positive Attitudes Starts with Teachers Abstract Submission: Teachers must be well equipped to provide inclusive instruction for all students, as this is a critical component in ensuring classroom success. In 2013-2014 alone, 6.5 million public school students with special needs were instructed by general education teachers. This project examined the effectiveness of an on-line educational intervention for improving teachers’ efficacy and attitudes towards teaching all students of inclusive classrooms in one elementary school. Quantitative data analysis using the Teacher Self Efficacy Scale demonstrated an increase in teacher efficacy (p =.015), however no differences were found when using the Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Teaching All Students Scales.

Celebrate Gannon 2020 | Graduate | Research & Scholarship

77