Seoul - GAP 2014 by Official Global Architecture Profiling

FUNKY TYPOGRAPHY/GRAPHICS

GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE PROFILING

ISBN: 978 0 7340 5105 9 GAP 2014 © THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

GAP COMMITTEE

GAP 2014 PRESENTS

SEOUL

Blair Gardiner Christina Calgaro Seung Hyuk Choi Ikra Indra Jan Julian Justine Lenkiewicz Siavash Malek Bridget O’Brien Xeyiing Ng Alice Schenk-Green Bhargav Sridhar

REPUBLIC OF KOREA 3 - 11 MARCH, 2015 ANDREW LEE KING FUN GALLERY GROUND FLOOR, THE MSD BUILDING OPENING NIGHT : 5 MARCH, 2015 TIME: 6:00PM

Students within the Bachelor of Environments Degree at the University of Melbourne have been responsible for curating this exhibition. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information and to correctly source attributable content. However, there may be inadvertant and occasional errors or omissions for which we apologise.

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND PLANNING THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

FOREWORD

CoDeAU

HYUNJOON YOO Architects

JOHO Architecture

PWFERRETTO

thescape

Lee Jae Ha Architects

ONE O ONE

poly.m.ur

DIRECTORY

CONTRIBUTORS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

Global Architecture Profiling (GAP) showcases the work of contemporary and emerging architects in different urban locations around the world. The student-run initiative aims to shed light on work from cities that are less often featured in major architectural publications. Previous exhibitions have showcased works from Reykjavik, Iceland in 2013, Ljubljana, Slovenia in 2012, Santiago de Chile, Chile in 2011 and Bangalore, India in 2010.

Seoul, Republic of Korea, © Kihong Kim https://www.flickr.com/photos/ganzik/15321965175/

It is timely therefore for GAP to have the opportunity to profile architectural production in this vibrant city. The work has been selected by the practices themselves to best reflect their current research and design interest and we are grateful to the exhibition contributors in participating in GAP 2015.

In 2015, GAP profiles Seoul, capital of the Republic of Korea, a rapidly expanding city that has become an increasing cultural force. From the viral ‘K-POP’ phenomena, supported by the country’s ‘soft power’ economic success that has extended into the arts and design. Korean culture is capturing the imagination of the world. 2

FOREWORD

Korea is a country that has been ravaged by war throughout its history. The most recent of these conflicts, created a division into two distinct sovereign states. Its legacy comes into stark relief at night, and may be witnessed by images from the international space station, where the southern peninsula glitters identifying the outline of the Republic of Korea and is one of the clearest reminders of how fast the country has developed in the last 60 years. The most luminous glow from this image is that of Seoul, the capital of South Korea.

Republic of Korea at night, obtained using VIIRS Day-Night Band data. Photo © Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, NASA Earth Observatory

Seoul’s formal history as a city dates from AD 1394, when King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty, designated Seoul as the nation’s capital. The creative legacy of this dynasty remains with the Jongymo Shrine and the Changdeokgung Palace, both registered UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Seoul’s natural features are defined by its surrounding mountains and the valley of the Han River in which Seoul lies. These natural features formed the main themes of Korean Geomancy or Pungsu-iri-seol, which related the energies of the natural world – particularly the Korean mountain ranges – to the fortunes of family, community and state. The mountains and landscape are now traversed by a large road network and blanketed with medium-density housing before giving way to highdensity development reaching out from the Han River plain.

“Glass skyscrapers and high-rise development is the increasing overt frame of urban form.”

Seoul is a concrete metropolis with soaring skyscrapers juxtaposed with the green painted temples of a previous age. Although Seoul has a history extending more than two thousand years its urban form reflects the intense urbanisation that has occurred with rapid development following independence. This complex urban expression of modernity was the key theme of Korea’s Pavilion in its Crow’s Eye View exhibition, winner of the Gold Lion at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Seoul has been a major focal point for economic activity, initially with its post-war economic development plans focused on rapid industrialisation and spurred by an export-orientated development strategy which the government has pursued since the 1960’s. Today Seoul is the home base of the three largest chaebol’s, the unique form of Korean business conglomerate, namely Samsung, Hyundai and LG which operate as global multinationals.

The Seoul Capital Area at 25.6 million is approaching half of all the residents in the country and its population density of 17,000 people per square kilometre is twice that of New York and 40 times that of Greater Melbourne, even though its land area is only twenty per cent more. A multitude of bridges, fed by multi-lane freeways, criss-cross the River Han. Urban design and transportation challenges are acute with the number of automobiles increasing at a rate of one million every five years, with near to sixty per cent of all cars nationwide being located in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. These population pressures, coalescing into the expanding urban form of Seoul are generating social, economic, health and environmental impacts. Glass skyscrapers and high-rise development is the increasing overt frame of urban form, behind which lies a dense network of streets layering the city with a complex urban mix. The streets of Seoul are bright; ubiquitous neon lights illuminate the streets. Megastores, conglomerates, street food vendors and the headlamps of its millions of cars are juxtaposed against a city still containing pockets of a very local history and culture.

Mug Hakdong, Gyeongsangnam-do, 2013, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Youngchae Park

The preservation and reinterpretation of its culture and the tradition of craft remain strong in contrast to the internationalisation of modern development. This is evident in the speed and delivery of construction projects with great towers seemingly populating the skyline overnight. Within this mishmash of quick delivery projects and a need to service its population, the city reveals many architectural gems by both established and emerging designers. Among the growing number of international “starchitects” delivering large scale urban developments, Hadid, Koolhaas, Botta amongst many others, may be found local designers confidently asserting their mark in forming the architecture of the city.

It wasn’t until I had left for many years and returned to Seoul that I came to appreciate those things that one takes for granted when one interacts with the city of Seoul on a daily basis. It is an environment that is both challenging and rewarding.Such challenges and rewards can be recognised in the work contained within this exhibition. The diverse historical complexity and layering of the city, the city of nature and of the artificial, the city as an area of ‘conflict’ and experimentation, the city of dynamic activity and the city of the everyday.

- Seung Hyuk Choi

CoDeAU

Dobongsan Car Park, Seoul, 2013, CoDeAU in collaboration with Namoa Architects, Photo Â© Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

CoDeAU 222 Wangshipri-Ro, 133-791 Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, South Korea Tel:(+82) 2 2220 0313 info@co-de.com www.counter-design.com

Profile CoDeAU is an emerging, award winning practice founded by Jae K. Kim in 2010 and is associated with a research platform in Hanyang University, Seoul. The practice is focused on investigating new building types and forms through the alternate studies of architecture and urbanism. Within this context of design methodology, the practice is dedicated to search for both theoretical and practical applications of design to the urban environment, especially projects of public interest. Bikyoshoki, Seoul, 2009, CoDeAU, Photo ÂŠ Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

What defines your architecture? I don’t know yet, I am still trying to find it out. What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Inspiration from unexpected encounters, especially by monumental, powerful and strange things, such as a dam in deep mountains or primitive artifacts.

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? The complexity of diverse historical and cultural layers in the city are always big challenges but also great opportunities for making different types of architecture.

“The Architect should Be an Agent for Change to Make Better Urban Environments and New experiences for People.”

What role does the construction and production processes play in design? Thinking of construction is to find a way to transform ideas and concepts to be real.

Floating Boxes: Patisserie Flour, Seongnam-si, 2013, CoDeAU, Photo © Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

What role does the architect play in society? The architect should be an agent for change, to make better urban environments and new experiences for people. What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Imagination for creativity. Ambition and relationship making for realisation.

Floating Boxes: Patisserie Flour, Seongnam-si, 2013, CoDeAU, Photo © Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

Bikyoshoki, Section Perspective, Seoul, 2009, © CoDeAU

What challenges do you see in the future of architectural design? How to make efficient and less labour intensive construction methods for highly dense areas like Seoul. By digital fabrication or mass-production? What is your favourite quotation? “I call architecture frozen music.” - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Bikyoshoki, Seoul, 2009, CoDeAU, Photo © Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

Dobongsan Car Park, Seoul, 2013, CoDeAU, Photo © Gwang Sik Jung, Sungmin Yoon

HYUNJOON YOO Architects

Zoo Zoo, Geonggi-do, 2010, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo Â© Seunghoon Yum

HYUNJOON YOO Architects 4th floor, 362-11 Seogyodong, Mapogu, Seoul, South Korea Tel: (+82) 2 334 8508 yoo@hyunjoonyoo.com www.hyunjoonyoo.com

Profile A

professor

Architecture

Hongik

University, Hyunjoon Yoo has strong ideas on design philosophy, about the relationship of spaces and how architecture is perceived by the user. His firm’s work aims to appeal to the soul rather than to the mind and body.

Hyunjoon Yoo had gained recognition and won many awards, most recently in 2013 from the Korean Institute of Architects (KIA), listing the café and hotel project Mug Hakdong as one of the seven best architecture projects in Seoul. Mug Hakdong, Gyeongsangnam-do, 2013, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Youngchae Park

What defines your architecture? I see architecture as information. The space is a product of the brain’s conscious process. This idea defines my architecture. Also, site and the program defines my architecture as well. To find a right design solution, I want to explore more materials and phenomenon. What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer?

‘The Floating Cube’ Library, Chungnam, 2010, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Seunghoon Yum

First is the Bible, and second is contemporary science. Both of them are about the invisible. I like to imagine something invisible.

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? The beauty of Seoul is “conflict”. The conflict between old and new, conflict between socialism and capitalism, and conflict between nature and the artificial. This have affected me since I was a child. I think somehow this conflict energy takes some role in my design process, a conflict between void and solid. What role does the construction and production processes play in design? I don’t know what to say.

What role does the architect play in society?

Mug Hakdong, Program, Gyeongsangnam-do, 2013, © Hyunjoon Yoo Architects

It is between politician and artist. That is the beauty of architecture. What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Vision for a better future.

Ssangdalri House, First Floor Plan, Chungcheongnam-do, 2013, © Hyunjoon Yoo Architects

‘The Floating Cube’ Library, Chungnam, 2010, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Seunghoon Yum

What challenges do you see in the future of architectural design? Two things. Firstly, can architects survive against AI (artificial intelligence)?. Secondly, can humans survive under climate change?

What is your favourite quotation? “Less is More.” - Mies van der Rohe.

Ssangdalri House, Chungcheongnam-do, 2013, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Youngchae Park

‘The Floating Cube’ Library, Chungnam, 2010, Hyunjoon Yoo Architects, Photo © Seunghoon Yum

JOHO

Architecture

Casa Geometrica, Gangnam-gu, 2014, JOHO Architecture, Photo Â© Sun Namgoong

JOHO Architecture 5th floor, KunYoung Bld, 262-9 Yang gae, Seo cho, Seoul, South Korea Tel:(+82) 2 6257 9101 JOHO@johoarchitecture.com www.johoarchitecture.com

Profile The principal (director) of JOHO Architecture, Jeong Hoon Lee, completed his architectural studies in Paris and has gathered experience working at Zaha Hadid Architects in the UK and Shigeru Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Europe Office in France. He later returned to Seoul and established his firm in 2009. JOHO Architecture has since found success, in particular, in their residential work. Their architecture is characterized by the focus on the skin of a building, often utilising heavy textures and patterning on the facade. Marble-ing Office, Gangnam-gu, 2013, JOHO Architecture, Photo ÂŠ Sun Namgoong

What defines your architecture? Material-metry is a word composite of material and geometry, that is, to reconstruct the geometry of materials through the essence of the unit. Means of context with each site can be interpreted through a physical property with the material and it can be constructed morphologically.

“The architect presents an alternative to a new way of life and space.”

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Balance and harmony of nature is source and origin of boundless, infinite and endless inspiration.

What role does the architect play in society? The architect presents an alternative to a new way of life and space, we will lead the value of future life. The architect has to convey the architectural value in authenticity, a certain attitude for cultivation of society. What are the most important skills for an architect to have? An ability to understand the nature of the context and beauty of proportion in threedimensional form. In other words, the architect reads the balance and tension of form and reconstructs it as a condition of the context.

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? Seoul, where the city changes dynamically, gives deep inspiration to architects. That is, it demands new experiment and trials in design, pursuing the extensity of future value.

Marble-ing Office, Floor Plan, Gangnam-gu, 2013, © JOHO Architecture

Casa Geometrica, Site Plan, Gangnam-gu, 2014, © JOHO Architecture

What role does the construction and production processes play in design?

What challenges do you see in the future of architectural design?

The architect, as well as the design, must present a leading role in new alternatives, and has to have close contact with the process of construction. That is, construction process rather than just one of the processes that have been separated from the design, it is a stage of design. This is the work, which completes the major finish and colour that were not to reflect the design.

The existing market for design is limited by space and time. However, the future of architecural design will grow in more of an open form market. The boundary of architecture and design will disassemble and design will proceed in the integration of various forms. What is your favorite quotation? “The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao.” - Lao-tzu.

Marble-ing Office, Gangnam-gu, 2013, JOHO Architecture, Photo © Sun Namgoong

Casa Geometrica, Gangnam-gu, 2014, JOHO Architecture, Photo © Sun Namgoong

Lee Jae Ha Architects

Pension Marronnier, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, ÂŠ Lee Jae-ha Architects

Lee Jae Ha Architects 590-3, Baekhyeon-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, South Korea Tel:(+82) 31 707 0534 swater01@hanmail.net www.leejaeha.com

Profile Lee Jae-ha is a young and upcoming practice, established in 2006 by five young architects. Working mostly on offices and residential

projects,

several

works

have

received recognition in the local architectural publication, titled ’Space’. In 2009, the Chicago Athaneium Museum of Architecture and Design commitee gave Lee Jae-ha the award for the best new global design for their project ‘Pension Marronnier’.

Pension Marronnier, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, © Lee Jae Ha Architects

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? Not much.

What role does the construction and production processes play in design?

Pension Marronnier, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, Lee Jae Ha Architects

What defines your architecture? For unique beauty. For Life.

What role does the architect play in society? Making beautiful environments.

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Masterpieces by great architects and instinct and pleasure to impress other people.

To make drawings real. No role in the process of design.

What challenge do you see in the future of architectural design? Using new materials.

Pension Marronnier, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, © Lee Jae Ha Architects

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Sketching.

Pension Marronnier, Floor Plan, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, © Lee Jae Ha Architects Pension Marronnier, Cungcheongnam-do, 2008, © Lee Jae Ha Architects

ONE

Hyundai Card Design Library, Gahoe-dong, 2013, ONE O ONE, Photo Â© Goongsun Nam, Inchul Kim

ONE

ML building, 126-2 Susong-dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea Tel: (+82) 2 739 6363 recruit@101architects.com www.101architects.com

Profile ONE O ONE was founded in 2006 by Choi Wook. The practice focuses upon producing architecture that communicates with the audience, which adds a sense of simplicity and readability. Their principles may be observed across their breadth of architectural works, from furniture design, to residential work as well as their public buildings. They are well known for their Hyundai Card Design Library, which won the Desgin For Asia Grand Award in 2013.

Chungdam-Dong Building, Cheongdam-Dong, 2013, ONE O ONE, Photo ÂŠ Goongsun Nam, Inchul Kim

What defines your architecture? When erecting a wall, I do not focus on its physical property or form. Instead, I think about the following: The relationship between the wall and the light, how the wall reacts to the light and the quality of shadows cast on the wall, the landscape created by the gap between the walls and the perspective determined by the distance between the walls.

Hyundai Card Design Library, Gahoe-dong, 2013, ONE O ONE, Photo © Goongsun Nam, Inchul Kim

Architecture is an everyday response to nature and the facade is the function that follows everyday routine. Therefore, my architecture produces a story of daily life that is placed in the space between the roof and the ground. Architecture is an accumulation of experiences with the land. Therefore, instead of being a monument or concept, architecture is continual growth of a community much like the way plants grow. Furthermore, architecture that is easy to understand is a good architecture. Being with an open person is more comfortable than with someone whom you cannot read his mind.

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Maybe the memories I have from my childhood in Korea (Busan) and my twenties studying in Italy (Venice), have influenced my work until now. I remember the feelings and sensations instead of the specific shapes and forms.

“Architecture is an everyday response to nature and the facade is the function that follows everyday routine.”

Traditional architectural space memories are very deep in my mind since I was little. The feeling I had from inside to outside, through the window, always in relationship with nature had influenced me very deeply. In Italy, the sound and the quality of the light, the details and encounters between materials. Carlo Scarpa and his understanding of light reflection produced some specific feelings that immensely influenced me as well. I would like to transmit something similar through my architecture.

Chungdam-Dong Building, Cheongdam-Dong, 2013, © ONE O ONE

What role does the architect play in society?

What role does the construction and production processes play in design?

Like the way each person has a distinct personality, architecture should also have a different expression according to its site and landscape. The architect has to listen, feel what is needed and understand the environment: the people, the landscape and history of the place.

One O One architects is like a big family composed of architects, craftsmen and a construction team. The handmade quality, from the study model to the construction site detail, allow us to bring to light the importance of the quality of detail in every encounter.

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? The understanding of different lifestyles. Communication ability with all kinds of people. Curiosity for every phenomenon. Understanding nature.

What challenges do you see in the future of architectural design? One of my big challenges is to gather a deeper study of traditional Korean architecture and modern architecture. To maintain the roots and tradition whilst looking forward to the future, where North and South Korea will be one country. It will be a very interesting situation in terms of borders and balance between two very different situations. We will find a natural border, a demilitarised zone, and a cultural border between Russia and China. Both of them will be big challenges for One O One Architects.

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? There are two factors that I find interesting. Firstly, Seoul is a metropolitan city yet it never loses its relationship with nature. This aspect totally influences my process. Secondly, the capacity of being sensitive to changes in the city. This idea is particularly reflected in its urban space - there is no previous urban plan. It is like when someone touches you and you react, the city reacts to feelings in the same way.

What is your favourite quotation? “Atmosphere is more important than formal space.”

poly.m.ur

Arts and Crafts Studios, Chungcheongnamdo, 2012, poly.m.ur, Photo ÂŠ Kyungsub Shin

poly.m.ur 140-858 Bowang-ro 120 Yongsangu, Seoul, South Korea Tel: (+82) 0 704 215 3083 info@polymur.com www.polymur.com

Profile Started in London in 2007, poly.m.ur is

architectural

practice

working

internationally. Now based in Seoul, the practice has been working on a range of projects in both continents. While most of the current projects are situated in Korea, the practice also has been regularly participating in various national and international competitions where it, has been successful in winning commissions such as the Arts and Craft Studios building, Jeju Cultural heritage Centre Living Knot, Gangneung, 2012, poly.m.ur, Photo ÂŠ Kyungsub Shin

and Joongwon Archaeology Lab.

What defines your architecture?

“we aim to harness the potential of the volatility and uncertainty”

The common agenda strikes through our work is the exploration of the ‘in-betweenness’. Rather than providing monotonous solutions and answers, we are much interested in the richness of the ‘unsolved’ and the notion of ‘mis-fit’, where the conditions presents opportunities for cultural counterparts to form as an active agent in dealing with such conditions. Along the line of these concepts, our architectural language tends to oscillate between repetition and differences, solid and void, inside and outside, and program and form aiming to create conditions suspended between certain ideals.

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? In the globalised contemporary cities, where we mostly operate, we are particularly interested in observing the forces that shapes urban environment and culture which at sometimes tries to homogenise, calibrate, and standardise and at times tries to differentiate, disrupt and deregulate. Our interest focuses on this dynamism which exists inbetween these forces. Operating within the context of these forces, we aim to harness the potential of the volatility and uncertainty.

PWFERRETTO

PWFERRETTO 1635-37 2nd Floor, Bongcheon-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea Tel: (+82) 10 7141 5544 pwf@pwferretto.com www.pwferretto.com

Profile PWFERRETTO, was founded by director Peter Winston Ferretto in 2009, and has since completed more than 30 projects and held several international exhibitions in both Korea and China. In 2011 PWFERRETTO won first prize in the International Competition for the Busan Opera House and in October 2013 they were appointed winners of the Boheung Pottery Museum, a 9,000 m² museum in South Korea and due for completion in 2015. Pottery Museum, Goheung, 2013, © PWFERRETTO

What defines your architecture? Our approach to architecture can be explained as an experiment in reawakening a sense of wonder in the present environment. We think architecture should stimulate curiosity, bringing people to question their relationship with their surroundings. Pottery Museum, Concept Sketch, Goheung, 2013, © PWFERRETTO

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? We are interested in designing spaces from the inside out and see architecture as a composition of rooms (public and private), where ambience and atmosphere create the spatial configuration of the project. With this concept in mind we generate architecture not by gratuitously sculpting form but rather by arranging rooms where form becomes a by-product of this process.

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? When you only see a part, it’s even stronger than seeing the whole. The whole might have a logic, but the fragment takes on a tremendous value in abstraction. Abstraction induces mystery and wonder, creating a kind of obsession of discovery. This happens commonly in films, where mystery is alluded or created via editing. I conceive architecture in the same manner, whereby fragments reveal and create a sense of wonder.

“Abstraction induces mystery and wonder, creating a kind of obsession of discovery”

thescape thescape

thescape 137-070 Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu Seoul, South Korea Tel: (+82) 2 525 0429 thescape@thescape.co.kr www.thescape.co.kr

Profile KyungHwan Chun is principal designer and founder of thescape. Graduating from the University of Seoul in 1999, with a degree in Architectural Engineering, KyungHwan Choon has explored both furniture design as well as architecture, and is an author of

multiple

publications

about

design.

thescape is most widely known for the multifamily residential project ‘Chinese Boxes’ which received a lot of attention online and was featured on Archdaily.

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? The most important skill of an architect is to be much more sensitive toward environments and phenomena than nonarchitects: the ordinary people. Second is to present certain sensibilities through various tools such as drawings, modeling and programming, etc, and to communicate to ordinary people with those items. Sound Basket Music Studio, KyungKi-Do, 2013, ÂŠ thescape

What defines your architecture? Inspirations and visions driven by observation and analysis of all kind of the-scape: landscape, cityscape, and buildingscape, etc, found in ordinary everyday life.

What role does the architect play in society? The most important role of an architect is to suggest to society of a better way of living together, by proposing new ways of building and new ways of organizing spaces.

What role does the city of Seoul play in your design process? Seoul is home ground of thescape, where ordinary everyday life is taking place. Seoul gives inspiration and vision in terms of designing everything. Looking around the site and trying to find some clues is the very first step in designing.

What role does the construction and production processes play in design? Knowledge in terms of construction and production is the most important clue and motive throughout the whole process of design.

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? The major driver on being an architect is the joy and happiness of imagining and building certain environments.

Chinese Boxes, 1st Floor Plan, GangNam-Gu, 2013, ÂŠ thescape

What challenges do you see in the future of architectural design? The most critical challenge of architectural design is the generalization of various skills in terms of designing and building. Thanks to the coverage of computers, internets and 3d printers, even those who are not educated as an architect can design and build certain architecture. As an architect, we must train more sophisticated skills and knowledge.

“THE MOST IMPORTANT ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT IS TO SUGGEST TO SOCIETY A BETTER WAY OF LIVING TOGETHER.”

What is your favorite quotation? “Nothing is more radical than reality.” - Vladimir llyich Lenin.