Belgrade - GAP 2018 by Official Global Architecture Profiling

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BELGRADE Београд S E R B I A

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20 GA RLOC HB AI TLE C T U R E 18 P R O F I L I N G ISBN NO. 978-0-7340-5489-0 GAP 2018 © THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

GAP COMMITTEE Blair Gardiner Alex Brooksbank Alina Walizade Andrea (Drey) Rafail Briener Yu Daria Lysenko Đuro Đuranović George Rowlands-Myers Georgia Wyrdeman Gracie O’Malley-Welby Hanna Lepperod Holly Gates Margaret Allen Nicole Ren Nurul Syahirah Muhamad Samuel Choy Simrat Kaur Mehta Sohan Mitra Yadi Pan Yiyi Zhu Yuting Yang

Students in the Bachelor of Environments degree at the University of Melbourne have been responsible for curating this exhibition. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information and to correctly source attributable content. However, there may be inadvertent and occasional errors or omissions for which we apologise. Necessary editing of translations has taken place in order to clarify content whilst endeavouring to avoid compromising the author’s intention.

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BELGRADE Београд S E R B I A

4 to 25 OCTOBER 2018 OPENING NIGHT 4 OCTOBER 6:00PM Level 1, Atrium Glyn Davis Building Melbourne School of Design The University of Melbourne, Parkville FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND PLANNING THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

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Bitef, Belgrade, 2018. © Sonja Trajković

Introduction

Global Architecture Profiling (GAP) is an annual student-organised exhibition highlighting contemporary architecture from places not widely publicised in major architectural media. The exhibition and the catalogue are entirely curated by design students from The University of Melbourne at the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning and aim to promote the evolving contemporary architectural style of the chosen city.

Previous exhibitions showcased Tehran, Iran (2017); Puebla, Mexico (2016); Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco (2015); Seoul, Republic of Korea (2014); Reykjavik, Iceland (2013; Ljubljana, Slovenia (2012); Santiago de Chile, Chile (2011) and Bangalore, India (2010).

Now in the ninth year, the 2018 GAP highlights the architecture of Belgrade, Serbia. The projects featured reflect the social context of the city and have been self-selected by the participating architects and design studios. As well as images from the featured projects, this catalogue also includes responses from the architects to a series of questions framed by the GAP committee. We are also grateful to Goran AnÄ&#x2018;elkovic for his insightful foreword on the development of Serbian architecture.

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Foreword The Meeting Place of Two Worlds: The Architecture of Belgrade Architect Goran V. Anđelković, Ph.D. Contemporary Serbian architecture has its roots at a meeting place of two worlds – in the unique civilizational crossroads between East and West, between sacred and secular, between the modern and the traditional. Within this centuries-old constellation, further influenced by geographic location and a variable political environment, Serbian architecture evolved along an unique path – but in a way that has also afforded it a regional identity within the wider European cultural environment and context. Founded in the time of the Celts (300 BC), Belgrade1, is today a city of two million people and the capital of Serbia2. Throughout its long history, the city has changed not only its name, but also its architectural appearance many times over. The destiny bestowed upon Belgrade as a city founded at the intersection of two worlds has resulted in repeated tragedies of ruination. Exactly how many times Belgrade has been demolished during its 2,000 year history is uncertain. Many destructions were never recorded. These circumstances have defined and shaped the development of Belgrade’s architecture – the city has been in a constant stage of repair and renewal. It comes as no great surprise, then, that in the urban fabric of the city there is no city block that displays architecture from a single style or period. In contrast to other European cities, the atypical and unorthodox dichotomy of Belgrade, coupled with dynamic building and constant renewal, has represented a kind of rebirth – a phoenix from the ashes – and reflects the strong will of its citizens to remain at this meeting place of two worlds. 1 2

The use of the name Belgrade for the city is first recorded in AD 878. Belgrade was first named the capital of Serbia in AD 1405.

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In the modern development of Belgrade, there are three defining moments. The first took place in 1867, when the first regulated urban plan of Belgrade was conceived3. The plan was in line with the approach taken in other European cities and created a strong direction for the future of the city’s urban architectural design. The second defining moment was the formation of the Group of Architects of the Modern Movement (GAMM) at the end of 19284. Through the participation of it’s members in exhibitions, design and building, wider acceptance of the proclaimed principles of the modern movement were achieved in an environment which had previously been strict and conservative in its attitude to change. Thirdly, in 1947 and 1948 the building of a completely new city began. New Belgrade, located between old Belgrade and Zemun, stands as a key expression of the synthesis of the earlier mentioned two defining moments in the modern development of Belgrade’s architecture and urbanism. In terms of the extent of architectural construction, the second half of the twentieth century, during the period of socialist Yugoslavia, could be considered the golden age of Serbian and Belgrade architecture, with its defining characteristic being the heterogeneity of its architectural expression. In contrast to other places, Belgrade – and, indeed, Serbia – was never constrained by a clear and solid hierarchy of representatives in architecture. This allowed for development of different authorial sensibilities, providing a fertile ground for autonomy of architectural expression. Therefore, we can follow a specific line of residential architectural development that displays a strong sensitivity for detail5, context6, colour and materiality7. Another line can be traced through By Emilijan Josimović. The group was founded by Milan Zloković, Branislav Kojić, Dušan Babić and Jan Dubový, but included many others. It existed until 1934. 5 Miroslav Jovanović, Home of Belgrade Artists at 14 Pariska Street, 1956–60. 6 Milenija and Darko Marušić, Nedeljko Borovnica, housing estate Cerak-Vinogradi, 1978–87. 7 Miroslav Jovanović, housing colony in Košutnjak, 1969–71; Mihajlo Mitrović, residential buildings in Dositejeva Street and Braće Jugovića Street, 1964, 1964–67, 1977. 3 4

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Beograd, Belgrade, 2018. © Bojana Ranković

the development of memorial architecture8, with timeless monuments that still attract the attention of both domestic and international authors, while another line of authorial sensibilities runs through Serbia’s cultural buildings9, landscape architecture10 and public buildings11. New Belgrade – the contemporary city on the west bank of the Sava River – holds a special place in the architecture of Belgrade. The city is symbolically located at the point where the Sava – the river that links the majority of Yugoslav republics – flows into the Danube – the river that connects Yugoslavia with the rest of Europe and the world. New Belgrade was originally planned as the new administrative centre of socialist Yugoslavia representation of postwar modernism, and the embodiment of the principles of the Athens Charter in practice. The city quickly became synonymous with contemporary Serbian architectural authorship, particularly for residential design. Its varied layers of architectural articulation continue to attract the attention of many local and international researchers and experts. Of particular note is Block 2112, the only residential neighbourhood of the central zone of New Belgrade that has been realised according to the original ideas of its authors, using clear typologies drawn from Le Corbusier’s plans from the 1920s and 1930s. The characteristic example of industrialised residential construction, at the time it presented a novel approach in the urban, architectural and construction fields. Bogdan Bogdanović, Memorial to the Jewish Victims of Fascism, 1951. Ivan Antić and Ivanka Raspopović, Museum of Contemporary Art, 1960–65; Ivo Kurtović, National Library of Serbia, 1966–1973. 10 Olga Milićević Nikolić and Cveta Davičo, landscape architecture in Block 28, 1972–74. 11 Аleksej Brkić, Vračar Municipality Building, 1958–60. 12 Urban planning: Uroš Martinović, Milutin Glavički, Dušan Milenković, Leonid Lenarčič and Milosav Mitić. Architectural design: Bogdan Ignjatović and Leon Kabiljo; Leonid Lenarčič, Milosav Mitić, Ivan Petrović and Mihailo Čanak, 1960-66. 8 9

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Building fronts in Pariska Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Goran Anđelković

The cosmopolitan component of Belgrade architecture should also be highlighted. When compared to other cities, Belgrade was much more open to outside architects, with major contributions made by Russians13, Czechs14, Slovenians15 and Croats16. Is the earlier mentioned heterogeneity of architectural expression, one of the main characteristics of Belgrade architecture, still present today, in the period after its zenith? The answer can be found in the variety of design practice that still persists - based on two principles. One is continuity, that is, within a group of more conventional continuers of traditions who are, in many cases, students of important architects of the postwar period. However, this is offset by discontinuity, expressed by a group of unconventional designers who, through continuing experimentation, search for their own distinctive expression of architecture and urban planning. Nikolaj Krasnov, Viktor Lukomski, Đorđe Kovaljevski, Grigorije Samojlov and others. Jan Nevole, Jaroslav Prchal, Jan Dubový and others. 15 Jože Plečnik, Ludvig Tomori, Ilija Arnautović, Stanko Kristl, Janez Lajovic and Leonid Lenarčič. 16 Dionis Sunko, Hugo Ehrlich, Lavoslav Horvat, Ernest Weissmann and others. 13 14

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The aim of this text is not to present a studious examination of the development of contemporary architecture in Belgrade, nor to investigate in detail its value and contribution at a local, regional or global scale. However, the fact that interest in the architecture of Belgrade exists in as distant a city as Melbourne, speaks to the importance of both the history and future of Serbian architecture to the wider design discourse. It is hoped that Belgrade architecture will continue to have a place in future research, exhibitions and lectures, both at The University of Melbourne and elsewhere.

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01 : . AGM

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Arhi.pro

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Arhitektonski Studio LFG

Biro 59

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Biro.VIA

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Architects

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Dejan Miljković

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MIT-Arh

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Remorker Architects

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Studio Fluid

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Studio Šavikin

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National Reference Laboratories, Belgrade, 2013. Â© AGM

AGM : . 01 Marka Oreškovića 17 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 405 3577 http://agm.rs/index.php

Profile AGM group was formed in 1992. Along with an extensive range of built work and numerous theoretical studies, AGM has established itself as a significant part of Serbia’s architecture through participation in many local and international architectural and urban design competitions. The firm has won numerous awards and been recognised through professional acknowledgments and citations. Their interest extends to theoretical and research work through their participation in professional and scientific conferences. Their work has been displayed in exhibitions within Serbia and abroad, and has been profiled in several monographs and design-based journals.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Certainly an understanding of the people for whom it is intended. Much of our engagement relates to the accommodation of value systems between us – the experts and creators – and an environment that is often unable to perceive and assess the quality of organised space – how we understand architecture. In this context, the redefining of the relationship, often discrepant, moves towards a sort of compromise, convergence or cross-point, although this should not be the result of simply taking opportunities, which would be the easier solution. It is more about discussing the meaning and spirit of a building, as well as its overall attitude and impact on the cultural environment, as opposed to the frequent insistence on the formalities of ‘style’ that are accepted in the profession, and even more so by the public.

National Reference Laboratories, Belgrade, 2013. © AGM

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.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? My drive was the desire to deal with something that I loved and thought I understood. There were also older architects, who at the time represented a paradigm of professional success and ethically indisputable positive orientations. On the other hand, this ‘romanticist’ charge slowly lost the game in the face of the changing, and often difficult, circumstances in which my, and our, professional career developed.

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What role does the architect play in society? Bearing in mind the radical social and economic turbulence in Serbia over the past thirty years, it is quite difficult to answer this question specifically. The architect’s role shares the fate of the environment in which it is present. Nevertheless, the interesting question is why at a time when European and world culture recognises architecture as one of the most significant forms expressing a level of development – in Belgrade it is not the case. On the contrary, the very word ‘architecture’ is heard rarely, and as for the name and surname of a member of this profession – even less so. Some theoreticians may be right when they speak of the centuries-old isolation of this region as a cause. Perhaps our society has never been autochthonous and self-generative enough for an extended period to establish the role of the builder-architect thoroughly. However, this is undoubtedly a great responsibility, both for individuals and the community, as well as for the society as a whole, because mistakes leave serious consequences, while the successes are expected and therefore largely unnoticeable. 20 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE 18 PROFILING

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? The substance of architecture, in its entirety, from the communicological (i.e. fundamental) aspect, consists of elements of the expected – the usual – and elements of the unexpected – the unusual. The relationship between these two ingredients – conventional and unconventional – on the total semantic level is highly relevant. This relationship is sensitive; it reacts to minimal changes. Too many conventional-rhetorical components have the potential to take the architectural work towards banality. In contrast, a high number of unconventional elements, or unconventionality as a whole, carries a degree of risk that the architectural work will not be understood and, therefore, accepted by those for whom it is intended. The real ‘skill’ is in carefully balancing this relationship – in understanding the existence of the message as well as how it is communicated.

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What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade presents an embodiment of the continuity of discontinuity. It was built and ruined by many, even by us – today’s Belgrade inhabitants. But this city is still young because it has only beginnings, and has never had an uninterrupted existence over a period long enough to effect the consolidation of urban tissue, unlike many European cities. On the other hand, this diversity of ingredients, which is not small and insignificant, makes the whole interesting and unpredictable, and opens up space for innovation and non-conventionality as explained in the answer to the previous question.

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Kindergarten in Block 61, Belgrade, 2014. © AGM

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. : 6 What role do construction and production processes play in design? The progress in construction technologies increases the level of freedom and shifts the focus away from basic utility and necessity to criteria, capabilities and potential qualities that relate to the overall experience and atmosphere of the built environment as a whole. Unfortunately, currently in Serbia, innovation in this area is lagging behind, as is experience in using these technologies. These are consequences of the already mentioned, thirty-year crisis which held different priorities. Nevertheless, I believe that witty architecture and quality organisation of space can be done without top-notch technology.

. : 7 What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? For architects, the real challenges are related to the relativisation of a priority stance, that is, their constant re-examination and alignment with authentic forms of behaviour and understanding of commonality. In this sense, we must first identify the characteristic â&#x20AC;&#x201C; authentic forms of action that are relevant to a specific context. This approach is contrary to the usual situation where the architect and his architecture must appear with an exclusive and uncompromising attitude, leaving no room for negotiation and agreement. Such a performance is viewed with benevolence and a priority approval within the profession. Although the previous statement is rarely encountered in such an explicit form, it is always present, especially when evaluating works that strive to high professional reach. Secondly, authenticity needs to be modified, but so that future users have the impression that they are not forced into radical changes. Although it seems simple as a method, its application is not simple. A versatile and intelligent way of utilising essential interdisciplinary elements is necessary. Thus, a modification of authenticity, as a method, can contribute to a better understanding of architecture, and gradually to a higher degree of social acceptance, that is, of sustainability.

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National Reference Laboratories, Belgrade, 2013. © AGM

Kindergarten in Block 61, Belgrade, 2014. © AGM

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Kindergarten in Block 61, Belgrade, 2014. Â© AGM

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What is your favourite quotation?

‘... the house is a matter of the community, even if it is insignificant and unsuccessful ...’ Nicolai Hartmann, Aesthetics, 1968, p.259

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Navigator Business Centre, Belgrade, 2017. Â© Arhi.Pro

Arhi.pro : . 02 Cerska 29 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 308 9627 http://www.arhipro.com

Profile Arhi.pro is a medium-sized enterprise established in 2002 and based in Belgrade. It is a multidisciplinary firm engaging in consultancy, design and construction for architecture, interiors and furniture. Arhi.pro specialises in corporate architecture and branding. The firm is also committed to improving the build quality and environmental sustainability of corporate projects, with their Navigator Business Centre building the first in Belgrade1 to achieve a LEED GOLD certificate2 for new construction.

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http://navigatorbusinesscenter.rs/news.php https://www.usgbc.org/projects/navigator-business-center

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? The rules of geometry present a starting point in the plan. Another defining factor is the façade, the rhythm of openings which repeats to create a theme and the choice of a pattern that will be a unique visual signature of the building. I prefer simplicity of the volume and appearance – when the client does not have other requests. I try not to use more than three materials on a single façade. I enjoy working in corporate architecture and in that area Arhi.pro has become a leader in the region. Corporate architecture is the manifestation of the philosophy of the brand and the corporation, which inspires me to search for symbolism. Many prominent brands have hired us to create a visual standard for their interiors, and we are known for our approach to creating brand standard books.

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Navigator Business Centre, Belgrade, 2017. © Arhi.Pro

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What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? First of all my mother, who was an architect and through whom I was introduced to the profession in early childhood. Other influences included several of my university professors as well as my first employer, with whom I started my career as an architect. I was born in France, where my parents worked, and then attended the University of Belgrade where my chosen university professors were Francophiles, oriented towards the French school of modern architecture of the 1960s and 1970s. Therefore, I learned that there is inherent beauty in modern functionalism and bĂŠton brut, such as in the Marseille block. Even today, I am of the opinion that, through his work, Le Corbusier has deduced all the processes we go through as architects in our creative work. In contemporary practice, I find inspiration in the work of Jean Nouvel, although in our region client budget concerns make them conservative; therefore we are often limited in our design freedom.

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What role does the architect play in society? The majority of our lives is spent in cities or, rather, in houses and buildings. We spend our time outside in the streets and parks. We love cities that are aesthetic and in which there is order. We travel so as to learn about new cities. Does that not build a strong enough case that architecture defines us all? Therefore, architecture has one of the biggest responsibilities in civilisation: creating better places for life on our planet and influencing social development.

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Bank Administrative Centre, Belgrade, 2016. Â© Arhi.Pro

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What are the most important skills for an architect to have? A successful architect today must be able to reach decisions and produce proposals for solutions quickly. Rationality in approaching options and a sensibility for functionality are needed, as well as the skill to couple the creative and aesthetic with the engineering process. Another skill is understanding the wishes of every client by listening and asking questions, as well as the correct forming of the design brief. Today, an architect is especially challenged with designing within the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s budget, where cost management comes into play.

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What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade, as a city of contrasts both historical and economical, has been an important guide in defining what I want to avoid or repair, and for what I want to strive. I seek to create continuity of building in line with global trends, but also in the context of the existing urban fabric. The issue of poor building practices, in both more recent and historically significant buildings in Belgrade, is something I want to avoid. Belgrade is situated in an extraordinary geographical location, and the city is now turning more towards the rivers Sava and Dunav on which it developed. There is potential hidden in the morphology of the terrain and the natural environment. Belgrade is a city of strong and successful modern principles in architecture that originated in the first half of the previous century. This is often an inspiration and directs the design process of every new project.

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What role do construction and production processes play in design? Every building is a new project. Consolidating and adopting unique principles and phases of building as well as managing the building process generally constitute the success of every realisation. Today, project and construction management are respected and valued roles when working on the project. Planning the realisation process is an integral part of the earlier stages of design, even concept design.

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What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? The challenge is to keep up with the development of technology and artificial intelligence (AI), without the fear of AI taking over our work. In the future, we will have the opportunity to understand that creativity and visual art are not a product of the million combinations that software can produce, but the choice the human mind makes of the most successful design expression that we can call art.

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Bank Administrative Centre, Belgrade, 2016. Â© Arhi.Pro

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Bank Administrative Centre, Belgrade, 2016. Â© Arhi.Pro

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What is your favourite quotation?

‘The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own we have no soul of our own civilisation.’ Frank Lloyd Wright

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Elementary School Sports Hall, Belgrade, 2013. © Relja Ivanić

Arhitektonski Studio LFG : . 03 Vlajkovićeva 17 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 655 6138 http://jovan.mitrovic.uk/mhome.html

Profile Arhitektonski Studio LFG is a design studio founded by award-winning architect Jovan Mitrović. LFG stands for Living Future Green, with the studio explicitly embodying Mitrović’s core design values of sustainability and efficiency. Arhitektonski Studio LFG aims to address environmental and social sustainability at each stage of design, responding to the specific environmental and social context to create economically viable solutions with a low environmental footprint and green open space for social interaction. Projects range from low cost, high quality sustainable housing to green roofs, parks and other green public spaces, with the aim of promoting environmentally responsible architecture across Serbia and beyond.

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Elementary School Sports Hall, Belgrade, 2013. © LFG

Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Sustainability, simplicity and rationality.

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What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? To provide, as far as possible, the best frame for living to the people who will use my projects.

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What role does the architect play in society? Many think that there are fewer influences on our role than exist in reality. In my opinion, architects and urban designers are in a world where we need to negotiate between the needs of people and the dictates of capital from investors.

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What are the most important skills for an architect to have? An architect should acquire knowledge from many fields in order to be, as much is it is possible, homo universalis – like a Swiss army knife with many tools – although it is not necessary to be perfect in any.

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Elementary School Sports Hall, Belgrade, 2013. © Relja Ivanić

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House in Bože Jankovića Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Relja Ivanić

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House in Bože Jankovića Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Relja Ivanić

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What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade inhabits a most interesting field in my architectural practice and process. It is varied and offers many different views of life, in its social and psychological challenges.

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What role do construction and production processes play in design? With artisan knowledge disappearing and new technologies being introduced, architects become in one way a kind of ‘assembling specialist’.

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What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? My predictions are not optimistic. I think architecture is losing out to industrial and technological innovation. The greatest challenge I expect is artificial intelligence. I believe real architects will disappear; what will remain will be a few members of a celebrity circle whose names are a magnet for investors, in a similar way to fashion designers today.

House in Bože Jankovića Street, Belgrade, 2018. © LFG

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Residential Building in Loznička Street, Belgrade, 2016. © LFG

.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

“Architecture is not art, it has a much more important goal – to provide to people a comfortable, decent place for living, working, producing, enjoying…Only some of our objects can be announced as masterpieces, mostly as result of the things which I have mentioned above, adding a feeling of excitement when you see it.” Patrik Schumacher

Residential Building in Loznička Street, Belgrade, 2016. © LFG

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Residential Building in Vase Pelagića Street, Belgrade, 2015. © Biro 59

Biro 59 : . 04 Bulevar Oslobođenja 7-9 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija + 381 11 344 9987 https://biro59.rs/

Profile Biro 59 has been operating for more than twenty-five years in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The firm’s portfolio includes residential and commercial buildings across the full scale of project work, including landscape architecture and design for urban mobility. Biro 59’s interests extend to project feasibility assessment, conceptual solutions to development proposals, spatial program checks and project monitoring.

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Residential Building in Vase Pelagića Street, Belgrade, 2015. © Biro 59

Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Bravery.

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What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? A love for the city.

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What role does the architect play in society? The architect can be seen as a saviour from destruction.

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What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Courage and openness.

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What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? The role, like the city itself, is diverse.

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Residential Building in Kralja Petra Street, Belgrade, 2014. ÂŠ Biro 59

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What role do construction and production process play in design? Limiting, but in a positive sense.

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What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? To restore the architecture profession to architects.

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Residential Building in Kralja Petra Street, Belgrade, 2014. Â© Biro 59

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Residential Building in Koste Jovanovića Street, Belgrade, 2016. © Biro 59

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.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

‘Тврд је орах воћка чудновата, не сломи га ал’ зубе поломи!’ Петар Петровић Његош

‘The walnut in a shell is a curious fruit: you won’t break it, but it will break your teeth!’ Petar Petrović Njegoš

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Residential Building in Krajiška Street, Belgrade, 2016. © Relja Ivanić

Biro.VIA : . 05 Kneginje Zorke 37a / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 245 4470 http://www.birovia.rs/

Profile Biro.VIA – Vojvodić Ivanović Architects was established in 2007, merging the previously independent careers of Jelena Ivanović Vojvodić and Goran Vojvodić. Biro.VIA focuses on architectural design of various types of buildings, reconstruction of existing facilities and interior design. The creative and production scope of the studio is reflected in the large number of executed housing, commercial and industrial projects. Biro.VIA projects feature contemporary architectural expression, both in formal and functional terms and in the use of applied materials and technologies. In addition to the founders, Biro.VIA works with six to eight architects who, in co-operation with installation designers and professional consultants, deliver a complete project team.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Ours is an architecture in context, recognising the place of origin – the correlation between defined needs and relationships – its influence on nearby surroundings. Investigated through three elements: function, memory and form, and layering of different structures and appearances. Of course, there is always a huge amount of work, as David Chipperfield says: “The difference between good and bad architecture is the time you spend on it.”

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? The need to achieve an adequate response to what is given and what is asked for allows for innovative solutions that result in a personal and recognisable architectural signature. Working in a multicultural context, encountering different approaches, and ways of working in the design process with differing engineering disciplines all certainly had an substantial impact on the process of my professional maturation.

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Residential Building in Krajiška Street, Belgrade, 2016. © Relja Ivanić

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? Architecture, as a segment of human activity, is a witness of times and societies before us. Architects, with their engagement, create part of the future world – at least its presence and materiality. With their creativity, and responses to the positive, but also negative, challenges that are part of everyday life presented to humanity, architects adopt the role (and accept the weight) of moving progress in its totality.

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What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Architecture is a very complex engagement that contains many forms of appearance. As a technical discipline it implies knowledge, as art it requires talent. An ability to connect differing parts is a skill of exceptional importance in the work of an architect. Committed architects are like renaissance personalities searching for new solutions for the interpretation of the seen. In this sense, they are drivers and inspiring initiators of social progress.

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.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade is the city where I was born, where I studied and where I am professionally engaged. As such, this city has a very complex and ambiguous role in my everyday life. It is inspirational, as some of my highest quality projects have emerged from and have been realised in Belgrade, but also frustrating at times, due to an inability to influence a higher quality development of some professional routes that are not making Belgrade ‘the most beautiful place to live’.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? The process of conceptualising, designing and realising work is a sum of many engagements, knowledge and involvement of different disciplines – teamwork. The creative capacities of each and personal recognition among them certainly contribute to the quality of the final product. Practically, without the strong support of other designers and of contractors, architects cannot achieve top results in their work.

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? One of the biggest challenges today is to defend the discipline from the discrimination of local and global trendsetters, defend it from mega systems which are predominantly led by the ambition of acquisition – profit in particular, but also underestimation. The resulting negation of difference or of a dialogue outside of the ordinary risks faceless, copypaste architecture.

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Office Building in Južni Bulevar Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Relja Ivanić

Residential Building in Krunska Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Biro.VIA

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Office Building in Južni Bulevar Street, Belgrade, 2018. © Relja Ivanić

.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

‘Less is more.’ Mies van der Rohe

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Office Building ‘Panorama’, Belgrade, 2017. © CEP

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CEP : . 06 Zahumska 34 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 241 3122 http://cep.rs/

Profile CEP is a private company with more than thirty employees headquartered in Belgrade. With the growth of the company, an office in Montenegro â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Monte CEP has been established. CEP has had a presence on the regional urban and architectural scene since 1976, and received numerous awards and wide recognition. While most of the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work is in Belgrade and elsewhere in Serbia, CEP has also completed projects across the Balkan region, particularly in countries which were part of the former Yugoslavia, such as Montenegro. CEP has also worked in Russia, Italy, Portugal, Algeria, Kuwait and Libya.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? CEP promotes a moderate approach to architectural design, with our purpose to harmonise a building with its environment, and to stay consistent with its own style. Our designers aim to provide contemporary environments that respect the existing context and nuances of local architectural expression.

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? As an office with a four-decades-long history, direct influences are hard to pinpoint. Nevertheless, we are driven by the idea to blend seamlessly new needs and desires from our investors, and from us as designers, into an existing urban fabric with the strict goal of urban improvement and rejuvenation.

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Office Building ‘Panorama’, Belgrade, 2017. © CEP

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? Architects play a crucial role in social development since we provide space for human interaction and self-reflection. Because of that, we are required to not only think about the technical aspects of everyday life but also about the spiritual life of people around us.

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? The most important skill for every architect is to form and create complex ideas about real life constructs and then translate them into the real world. Our ability to go from city scale to a detail and graphically articulate our ideas in a way that they can be built and produced is essential.

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Residential Building in PeÄ&#x2021;ska, Belgrade, 2014. ÂŠ CEP

.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade is our backdrop and testing ground for all our ideas and concepts. We treat it as our home, and we sharpen our ideas and skill in response to its requirements and possibilities.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? Architecture has an extra dimension as designs will be built; because of that construction and production processes go hand in hand with design. Our approach consists of parallel thinking. We keep our idea formation process as unrestricted as possible while still having the real world limitations in the back of our minds. From one phase to the next, we introduce more restrictions and elements from the real world which purifies and sharpens our initial idea and concept.

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Residential Building in Pećska, Belgrade, 2014. © CEP

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? Architecture is developing along with time – the main challenges that we see is a loss of local awareness and the will to integrate new design into a local context. This also ties into the opportunities that architecture poses since, with the development of new material and social awareness of what can and should be visually and spacially achieved, we as architects can open new avenues of design and overcome existing norms.

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Residential Building in Pećska, Belgrade, 2014. © CEP

.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

‘Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.’ Clare Booth Luce

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House in Kolašinska Street, Belgrade, 2015. © Dejan Miljković

Dejan MiljkoviÄ&#x2021; : . 07 Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73/II / 11000 Beograd / Srbija + 381 11 321 8744 http://dejanmiljkovic.rs/

Profile Dejan MiljkoviÄ&#x2021; was born in Belgrade in 1967. He graduated in 1994 from the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Belgrade with a BSc. in Architecture. Since 1997, he has been employed in the Faculty of Architecture at the University where, in 2014, he was appointed as Professor in the Department of Architecture.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Simple form and function through the dialogue of modern and neomodern architecture; the aspiration for the objects not to have excess elements; that the quality of space is a reflection of the richness of form, function and emotions it provokes, not the equipment.

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Exploring the concrete connection between art and architecture. The fundamental guidelines of my professional work are the synthesis of various experiences and the multidisciplinary approach to architecture in which the areas of contemporary art and architectural expression overlap. A tendency to face and challenge new media and technologies, as well as to step out into the other art forms.

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? As a visionary and a builder, an architect carries great responsibility for anything done in the fields of urban design and any architectural form. Therefore, the social role of an architect is of great importance. Planning of further development and upbuilding of the environment to the finest details is a very complex task, influenced by various aspects and specificities. An architect should coordinate teamwork by people from various fields of expertise and of various profiles, and take the full responsibility for the whole process â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from the development of the idea to its realisation.

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House in Kolašinska Street, Belgrade, 2015. © Relja Ivanić

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.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? Imagination, sense of space and the ability to recognise and understand contexts and the needs of a user/client.

.:5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? It is fundamental. The city of Belgrade is the city I was born in, I live and work in and the city in which nearly all my objects are realised. Compared to most other European cities, Belgrade is developing rather slowly, due to an unfavourable economic situation. Development budgets of both public and private objects are modest and often insufficient for realisation of a full architectural expression. On the other hand, the city of Belgrade, as a metropolis situated between the influences of the West and the East, has its recognisable spirit and unique culturological milieu – a milieu I explore as a base for inspiration in the creative process.

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House in Kolašinska Street, Belgrade, 2015. © Dejan Miljković

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.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? The development of technology and related disciplines is of great importance, and is necessary for moving the boundaries of possibilities in idea development and conceptual development of new architecture.

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House in Tetovska Street, Belgrade, 2017. ÂŠ Kosta GluĹĄica

House in Tetovska Street, Belgrade, 2017. © Kosta Glušica

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House in Tetovska Street, Belgrade, 2017. © Dejan Miljković

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? Architectural design is a vast field of challenges and opportunities, so this question is quite hard to answer specifically. Challenges are met on daily basis, yet more and more opportunities are presenting themselves. Therefore, I consider working in architectural design a true privilege.

House in Tetovska Street, Belgrade, 2017. ÂŠ Dejan MiljkoviÄ&#x2021;

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House in Koste Vojinovića Street, Belgrade, 2012. © Relja Ivanić

MIT-Arh : . 08 Bulevar despota Stefana 83/6 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 339 0460 http://www.mitarh.rs/

Profile MIT-Arh was founded in 2006 with the aim of working across a broad spectrum of projects- from residences, offices and hotels t o sports complexes, museums and industrial buildings. The studio employs both experiences and early career architects, based on a philosophy that this mix will deliver an effective balance of architectural expression and functionality. MIT - Arh has experienced significant success, including a number of awards and commendations for its built projects. 20 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE 18 PROFILING

House in Koste Vojinovića Street, Belgrade, 2012. © MIT-Arh

Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Architecture is firstly defined through context – because architecture never has a premise of tabula rasa – then function, program, past experience, artistic and formal aspect.

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/designer? Growing up in the Mediterranean gave me significant images from childhood that still influence me. Other influences included my faculty professors and, above all, my high school art professor, famous painter Cvetko Lainović. Then I have to say an interest in built criteria – in the entire architectural production.

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House in Koste VojinoviÄ&#x2021;a Street, Belgrade, 2012. ÂŠ MIT-Arh

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? Theoretically, architecture should have an influential role and position in society as it creates the space in which people live. Practically, in Belgrade, there is no impact at this moment of time and politics.

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? The architect should understand the space, be skilful in drawing, possess the classical skills of painting, drawing, sculpture...there is a saying that the hand is the fastest connection between the head and the paper.

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House in Koste Vojinovića Street, Belgrade, 2012. © Relja Ivanić

.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? I live and work in Belgrade and I spent my faculty years here. Belgrade is the most open city in the region. It has the atmosphere and the colour of the cosmopolitan city, and the art and music scene was always big here. I never seriously thought about leaving.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? Construction and architecture have a causal relationship. If the construction does not give space to architecture then we have a problem. The construction detail rounds up the architecture. The structure of the house limits space resources. The construction must follow the architect and complete and finish the architecture.

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House in Miloja Đaka Street, Belgrade, 2012. © MIT-Arh

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House in Miloja Đaka Street, Belgrade, 2012. © MIT-Arh

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? New technologies will inevitably change the house and space experience. But I’m not sure where those changes will be most felt – in ‘smart’ geometry, in cluster shapes, via 3D printing and so forth. Computational design has certainly affected architecture for thirty years now. However, I expect that new materials and ways of living with smart devices will also shape architecture into the future.

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Housing complex in Block 32, Belgrade, 2015. Â© MIT-Arh

Housing complex in Block 32, Belgrade, 2015. © MIT-Arh

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Small River House, Belgrade, 2017. © Relja Ivanić

Remorker Architects : . 09 Karađorđeva 11 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 64 444 7449 http://www.remorker.rs/

Profile Remorker Architects is an architectural studio founded in 2014 by Dušica Oparnica and Marko Korošec in Belgrade. Today, the studio comprises ten permanent architects as well as external professionals brought in depending on the needs of the project. The studio focuses mostly on architecture and interior design. The team also has experience in industrial design, 3D modelling and visualisation, and urban planning, as well as consulting and management in architecture. The Remorker team sees architecture not only as enabling a sustainable business, but also as a medium of communication between the practice and others. Remorker considers their studio both as a working space and as a small cultural centre.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? Practice.

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? A major influence is the admiration experienced when being presented with a great artist’s or architect’s work. A key driver is the thrill felt when imagining, creating, and then presenting our own work.

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? Architecture is a mirror of society. It shows to future generations what our society was capable of.

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Small River House, Belgrade, 2017. © Remorker Architects

Small River House, Belgrade, 2017. ÂŠ Relja IvaniÄ&#x2021;

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? . : Knowledge of the shapes and forms used through history of art and architecture. . : Understanding of the possibilities present in the society we live in. . : Ability to learn from experience. . : Knowledge of computer programs which allow us to expand our ability to imagine the space we create.

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.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? All the members of our team went to Belgrade University for their architectural studies. One might say we came from Belgrade school of architecture. Most of our built projects are realised in this city. We understand and appreciate our architectural heritage and approach it with respect when engaging in any new design process. Also, knowing the taste and expectations of our local clients allows us to coordinate ideas in order to deliver design which will be accepted and loved.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? In architecture, the best design is the one which is practical â&#x20AC;&#x201C; practical to use when built and practical for production. Good knowledge of the possibilities of the technology available to us is crucial when designing anything, from furniture to skyscrapers.

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Small River House, Belgrade, 2017. Â© Remorker Architects

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Restaurant, Belgrade, 2014. © Remorker Architects

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Restaurant, Belgrade, 2014. © Remorker Architects

Restaurant, Belgrade, 2014. ÂŠ Remorker Architects

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? In this era of social networking and ever-accelerating exchange of information, it seems we have seen everything. It is often mentioned how hard it is to offer something that was not already there. The influences are so many that it is crucial to know how to be able to defend architectural design from them.

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Shake’n’Shake Raft, Belgrade, 2014. © Remorker Architects

.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

‘Fasten your seat belts. It’s gonna be a bumpy night.’ Bette Davis, All About Eve

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Studio Fluid : . 10 Njegoševa 54 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 11 403 6453 http://www.studio-fluid.com/

Profile Studio Fluid is a Belgrade architectural design studio founded in 2015 by Nevena Pivić, Vanja Otašević, Zorana Vasić and Tijana Vitomir. The studio is a natural continuation of long lasting team work within the Fluid Arhitektura studio of architect Đorđe Gec (1965-2014). As a multidisciplinary practice, Studio Fluid deals in exterior and interior design for both residential and commercial architecture. Design is based on the creative consolidation of the inputs from future users of the space and their own sensibility and aesthetics. Each new project is considered as a new challenge, with innovation a constant and equal attention paid to the design of both structure and tiny interior details. Studio Fluid considers the creative exchange with clients, and their satisfaction, as important as respecting the highest architectural standards.

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Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? We like to think our architecture is defined by comprehensive exploration of the surroundings, contexts and client needs. We put a lot of effort into not creating a definition or a template to work by.

.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/designer? Influences are numerous. It is important not to concentrate on the architecture only â&#x20AC;&#x201C; but to reach it through various other subject fields and points of interest.

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? An architect is a part of society and as such should, by knowing the environment, make this world a better place to live in, not only for humans but also for all other living creatures who are an integral part of the context.

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? An architect should be an explorer, always ready to learn something new and to produce something new.

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.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade is a city where we have spent most of our lives as well as the place where most of our projects are situated. I suppose it plays a role that is hard to imagine.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? The moment when a drawing we put on paper should be realised through work is a crucial one. Even though everything preceding this moment should be planned in great detail, surprises often come up at the construction site. A project is a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;livingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; thing that only gets its final shape through realisation.

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? Architecture today strives for sustainability. It seems that every new project offers up more challenges and more answers on the subject.

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.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

‘Less is more.’ Mies van der Rohe

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Studio Šavikin : . 11 Validimira Gaćinovića 8 / 11000 Beograd / Srbija +381 63 722 4200 http://www.aleksandarsavikin.rs/

Profile Aleksandar Šavikin graduated from the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Belgrade in 1999. From 1999 to 2006 he worked as an independent architect before joining Top Level d.o.o. In 2012, he returned to independent practice, and for the past six years has been working as an independent architect with Studio Šavikin.

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Mixed use building in Zemun, Belgrade, 2013. ÂŠ Studio Ĺ avikin

Interview .: 1

What defines your architecture? For me, the defining principle is the context in which the building is to be constructed. Taking into consideration all the conditions and opportunities, such as surrounding structures and open spaces, I try to articulate a communicative architecture that suits its environment.

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.: 2

What have been the major influences and drivers on you as an architect/ designer? Very early on, my grandmother’s house made a strong impression. It was made up of five rooms connected in a loop, so that by walking through them in the same direction, you eventually arrived back in the room where you started. This provoked my need to understand the relationships among interior spaces, and also how they relate to the exterior.

.: 3

What role does the architect play in society? The architect should create a better life for people by making it easier and more beautiful, as well as planning the future development of spaces while remaining true to the essential values of architecture.

.: 4

What are the most important skills for an architect to have? It’s important that the architect can define the architecture’s function, form and construction during the design process. Ideally, these should all happen simultaneously to avoid the need to make compromises later in the process.

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.: 5

What role does the city of Belgrade play in your design process? Belgrade offers great inspiration. Modern architecture created in Belgrade between the two world wars has been a strong influence on my work.

.: 6

What role do construction and production processes play in design? Construction and production should be an integral part from the sketch to the finished building which sometimes requires patience. It should be controlled but also enjoyed. Both construction and production should be integral – from the sketch to the finished building – which sometimes requires patience. The process should be controlled, but also enjoyed.

.: 7

What challenges and opportunities do you see in the future of architectural design? New technology used in a controlled way offers great opportunity for architects – the challenge is not to over rely on these digital tools.

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.: 8

What is your favourite quotation?

“A great architect is not made by way of a brain nearly so much as he is made by way of a cultivated, enriched heart.” Frank Lloyd Wright

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09 07 B

04 06

Map of Belgrade, 2018. By Alina Walizade

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Selected BuiltBuilt Works Selected Works & Oﬃces in Belgrade & Oﬃces in Belgrade 08

. : 01 AGM

. : 01 AGM [Marka Oreškovića 17 , Beograd 11000] [Marka Oreškovića 17 , Beograd 11000 . : 02

Arhi.pro

. : 02 [Cerska 29, Beograd 11000] Arhi.pro [Cerska 29, Beograd 11000

10 07

. : 03

05 A 0 05 A 10 6

B. House - Bože Jankovića 47, 2018 A. House - Loznička 12, 2018 B. House - Bože Jankovića 47, 2018

05 03 A

Arhitektonski Studio LFG House - Loznička 12, 2018 . : 03 A.Arhitektonski Studio LFG

01 05 01

03 A

Biro 59

. : 05

Biro.VIA

. : 11000] 05 Biro.VIA [Kneginje Zorke 37a, Beograd A. House - Krunska 2010-13 [Kneginje Zorke87, 37a, Beograd 11000

B. Oﬃce Building - Južni A. Bulevar 10,- Krunska 2017-18 87, 2010-13 House B. Oﬃce Building - Južni Bulevar 10, 2017-18

. : 06

CEP

. : 06 CEP [Zahumska 34, Beograd 11000] [Zahumska 34, Beograd 11000 . : 07

05 B

. : 04

. : 11000] 04 Biro 59 [Bulevar oslobođenja 7, Beograd [Bulevar oslobođenja 7, Beograd 11000

07 A

Dejan Miljković

. : 07 Dejan [Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73/II, Beograd 11000]Miljković A. House - Kolašinska 21, 2015 [Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73/II, Beograd 11000

B. House - Knez Mihailova 2015 A. House1-3, - Kolašinska 21, 2015 B. House - Knez Mihailova 1-3, 2015

. : 08

MIT-Arh

. : 08 [Bulevar despota Stefana 83, Beograd 11000]MIT-Arh [Bulevar despota Stefana 83, Beograd 11000

03 B

. : 09

Remorker Architects

. : 09 11,Remorker Architects [Karađorđeva Beograd 11000] [Karađorđeva 11, Beograd 11000 . . : 10

Studio Fluid

. . Beograd : 10 11000] Studio Fluid [Njegoševa 54, [Njegoševa 54, Beograd 11000 . : 11 Studio Šavikin

11 Studio [Vladimira Gaćinovića .8,:Beograd 11000] Šavikin [Vladimira Gaćinovića 8, Beograd 11000 20 GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE 18 PROFILING

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Contributors AGM

Dejan Miljković

National Reference Laboratories in Batajnica Residential-commercial complex in Ovča SANU Building Kindergarten Building Block 61

Tetovska Kolašinska Efront – Office/Workplace

Images supplied by AGM

MIT-Arh

Images supplied by Dejan Miljković

Family House in Koste Vojinovića Street Residential Building Block 32 Family House in Miloja Daka Street Family House L

Arhi.Pro B21 IT Park Navigator Images supplied by Arhi.pro Arhitektonski Studio LFG Elementary School Sports Hall Bože Jankovića Loznicka IN2

Images supplied by MIT-Arh Remorker Architects Restaurant Shake’n’Shake Raft River House Images supplied by Remorker Architects

Images supplied by Arhitektonski Studio LFG

Studio Fluid

Biro 59

Disco Raft Sloboda Raft Lasta Raft ID

Vase Pelagića 7 Koste Jovanovića 77 Karlja Petra 26-28

Images supplied by Studio Fluid

Images supplied by Biro 59

Studio Šavikin

Biro.VIA

House in Lackovićeva Street Row house in Zvezdara House in Zemun

Južni Bulevar Krajiška Krunska

Images supplied by Studio Šavikin

Images supplied by Biro.VIA

Sohan Mitra, GAP Committee

CEP

Foreword

Navigator 2 Pećska Panorama Voždovac

Architect Goran V. Anđelković, Ph.D.

Images supplied by CEP

111

Introduction

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Acknowledgements

The GAP 2018 Committee wishes to express our warmest thanks to the participating architects – AGM, Aleksandar Šavikin, Arhi.pro, Biro 59, Biro.VIA, CEP, Dejan Miljković, LFG, MIT-Arh, Remorker Architects and Studio Fluid – without whom our exhibition and catalogue would not have been possible. We are grateful to Vukan Mišić for opening the exhibition and to Kate Balazs from Cafe Transylvania for the catering the event. The University of Melbourne’s Event and Exhibitions, Engagement and Marketing, and Facilities and Finance departments have been a significant support and we wish to extend our thanks for their invaluable assistance in facilitating this endeavour. In particular, we must mention Jasmine Budisa, Grace Power, Louis Capezio, Kieran Stewart, Emma Morton, Sara Brocklesby and the Dean of the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Professor Julie Willis, for their help in organising the logistics of the exhibition. Finally, we wish to acknowledge and thank Blair Gardiner, University of Melbourne Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning academic and founder of GAP, for his guidance, patience and support in fostering this project. By being part of the GAP 2018 Committee, each of us has been afforded the opportunity to broaden our architectural experience through curating the GAP 2018 – Belgrade Exhibition.

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ISBN 9780734054890

9 780734 054890