Fluorite Ore Beneficiation Process by Gary Li

Fluorite Ore Beneficiation Process Tel:+8615617816797 Mail:sell@chinadjks.com

Zhengzhou Hengyang Industry Co., Ltd

Fluorite Introduction Fluorite (CaF2) is an important fluorine mineral, which is mostly used for the production of hydrofluoric acid and as a flux in steel making. Other uses are the manufacture of glass, fiberglass, pottery and enamel, etc. Most fluorite ores have to be upgraded before entering the fluorite market. The most commonly used beneficiation process is froth flotation, producing fluorite concentrates of up to 99% purity. Crushing Fluorspar Ore For the average small mill treating up to 100 tons of ore a day, primary crushing is usually adequate and very economical. Larger tonnage will require primary and secondary crushing for maximum efficiency in size reduction and subsequent ball milling.

Grinding Circuit Fluorspar ores usually require grinding to 48 or 65 mesh to liberate the calcium fluoride from the gangue impurities. Ball mill grinding with a Steel Head Ball Mill in closed circuit with classifier is the general practice. In larger plants, particularly when fine grinding is necessary, thickening of the classifier overflow is necessary

to maintain proper density and feed regulation to flotation. This thickening step on fluorspar ores containing sulphides is usually between the sulphide and fluorspar flotation circuits. Reagents used for selective flotation of lead and zinc then can be rejected in the thickener overflow water. Fluorspar Flotation Flotation of fluorspar must be extremely selective when producing acid grade concentrate. This selectivity is essential as the ratio of concentration is low, often up to 80% or more of the entire tonnage, and must be floated in the rough circuit. Cleaning by two or more stages of flotation must bring the rougher product up to acid grade and at the same time retain a high weight recovery with a minimum circulating load. The “Sub-A” Flotation machine, the accepted standard in all fluorspar flotation plants, has been adapted specially for fluorspar treatment with provision for multi-stage cleaning and recirculation of middling products without the need of auxiliary pumps. Cleaner tailings may be conveniently removed at any point in the circuit. The flowsheet on the reverse side of this page shows one of the many possible cell arrangements used in treating fluorspar ore. Thickening and Filtering Thickening of fluorspar concentrates offers no special problem. Thickener capacity, however, should be adequate to handle the tonnage and have ample storage capacity during possible interruption in the filtering and drying sections. Fluorspar flotation froth has a tendency to build up on the thickener surface, but this can be taken care of by retaining rings near the overflow lip and by sprays so only clear water overflows the thickener. Thickened concentrates at 50 to 60% solids is removed by a Adjustable Stroke Diaphragm Pump, feeding by gravity to the filter. Fluorspar is extremely rapid filtering even when ground fine, provided a non-blinding filter media is used. The rotary fluorspar type filter with stainless steel filter media, heavy duty oscillating mechanism, oversize valve and ports, and high displacement vacuum pump is standard for fluorspar flotation concentrates and will discharge a filter cake with as low as 6% moisture. In the event the filtrate is slightly turbid or contains solids, it should be diverted back to the thickener. For this reason a adjustable stroke diaphragm pump is often used in place of the conventional centrifugal filtrate pump. Drying and Storage Fluorspar flotation concentrates of acid grade must be dried to less than 0.5% moisture. Dust losses are kept to a minimum by providing a closed system with a cyclone to insure only vapor laden air discharging to the atmosphere. Enclosed screw conveyors, elevators and often air-born systems are used to transport the finely divided dried acid spar to the storage bins. Provisions should be made for handling efficiently the hot concentrate discharging from the dryer. The Standard Dryer is ideal for this purpose. Typical equipment list for a 100 ton per 24 hour acid grade fluorspar flotation plant producing 50 tons of concentrates per day when grinding a medium soft ore to 48 mesh.

Acid Grade Fluorspar Production The flowsheet shown is of a conventional type, for treatment of 200-300 tons per day of fluorspar ore containing lead, using “Sub-A” Flotation. If lead and zinc were present, the same flowsheet would apply to remove a bulk sulphide concentrate which could be subsequently refloated to produce the respective lead and zinc concentrates suitable for marketing. The best approach to effectively produce separate lead and zinc concentrates should be established by test work. In some cases, selective flotation is indicated initially. This may be accomplished by removing a lead concentrate, then following this process by conditioning and flotation of the lead tailing to produce a zinc concentrate.

Crushing Circuit Primary and secondary crushing are used for this plant tonnage. Single stage crushing may be employed for tonnages up to 100 tons per day. Grinding Circuit Two stage grinding, using the Rod Mill in open circuit, followed by closed circuit ball mill grinding, is ideal because of the local power requirement and the increased efficiency of grinding. The Selective Mineral Jig may be utilized to recover galena in this circuit. Presence of oxidized lead in the ore is overcome to a great extent by removing it at a relatively coarse size, in the jig. Conditioning Tank

Conditioning of the classifier overflow is required if sulphidization is employed to effect flotation of oxidized lead. A second stage conditioning of the thickened lead tailing, after repulping with fresh water, is required for flotation of the fluorspar. Heating of the pulp at this point is often advantageous. Fluorspar Flotation The lead and fluorspar are recovered by Flotation of the cell-to-cell type, permitting maximum recovery and grade of concentrate. Wide acceptance of machines is well verified when considering that over 95% of all acid grade fluorspar is processed in the “Sub-A” Flotation Machine. Flexibility of these machines is of prime importance where such high specifications must be met. Multiple cleaning, always necessary in acid grade fluorspar plants, can be performed without the help of pumps. Lead tailing is thickened to remove the bulk of the reagents used in the lead circuit. The clear overflow is re-circulated to the grinding circuit. Thickening and Filtering Both concentrates are thickened and filtered. The thickened lead concentrate is filtered on the Disc Filter. Thickened fluorspar concentrate, at approximately 60% solids here, has a high filter capacity of approximately 2000 pounds per sq. ft. per 24 hours. The Fluorspar Filter with its stainless steel filter media, is especially designed for this application. Drying and Storage The Standard Dryer effectively dries the filtered fluorspar concentrate to less than 0.5% moisture, as required for marketing. An elevated temperature in the dryer can also be used to burn off small amounts of sulphur and lead. A screw conveyor and bucket elevator as employed to transport the dried fluorspar to the concentrate storage bins. Bins can be conveniently discharged into rail road cars for shipment, while the filtered lead concentrate may be marketed as produced, without drying.

Difficult Flotation of some Flourspar Ore

1. Jaw Crusher PE/PEX Series Jaw Crusher has the features of high crushing and even product size ratio. It can be used to crush material, whose compression strength is not more than 320Mpa. This jaw crusher is mainly used in various industries, such as mining, smelting, road and railway construction, water conservation and chemical industry etc. PE Series is used in primary crushing, while PEX series is used in secondary crushing and fine crushing. Working principle of PE/PEX Series Jaw Crusher: This crusher adopts the electric motor as the power. The eccentric shaft is revolved by an electric motor through v-belts. It causes the swing jaw following the preconcerted path to crush the feeding material. Thus the material will be crushed in the crushing chamber which is composed of the stationary jaw plate, swing jaw plate and the liner plate. The material is discharged from the lower part of machine that is what you want. Technical Details: Model

Size of Feed Opening(mm)

Max Feed Size (mm)

Discharge Range Opening (mm)

Capacity (m3/h )

Motor Power Weight（t）（kw）

PE-250×400

250×400

210

20-60

3-13

2.8

PE-400×600

400×600

340

40-100

10-40

6.5

PE-500×750

500×750

425

50-100

28.5-62.5

10.8

PE-600×900

600×900

500

65-160

30-75

55- 75

PE-750×1060

750×1060

630

80-200

80-160

90-110

28.9

PE-870×1060

870×1060

750

170-270

145-235

90-110

29.5

PE-900×1200

900×1200

750

100-200

100-240

110-132

PE-1000×1200

1000×1200

850

200-280

190-275

110-132

PE-1200×1500

1200×1500

1020

150-300

250-500

200

88.5

PEX-150×750

150×750

120

10-40

5-16

2.5

PEX-250×1000

250×1000

210

25-60

10-30

30-37

6.6

PEX-250×1200

250×1200

210

25-60

10-31.5

PEX-300×1300

300×1300

250

20-90

12.5-53

2. Impact Crusher Impact stone crushing machine which can also be called impact crusher or impact breaker or impactor crusher is a new type highly efficient crushing machine with the advantages of small size, simple structure, high crushing ratio, low energy consumption, high production capacity, even product granularity and selective rock crushing, so that vertical shaft rock impact stone crusher is a promising crushing equipment. The biggest disadvantages of rock impactor crusher lies in that the hammer plate and the impacting plate are very easy to be abraded, especially when crushing hard rocks, so that they should be regularly changed. At present due to the research and development of some anti-abrasion materials, this kind of crushing equipment has been used in some metal dressing plants. Performance: 1) Multiple crushing chambers for even crushing, thus suitable for crushing hard rocks;

2) Big and low material feeding mouth is convenient for arranging the production line and increasing the size of the material feeding; 3) New anti-abrasion material prolongs the service life of the plate hammer, impacting plate and the lining board; 4) The vertical shaft impact crusher adopts high chromium plate hammer and unique impacting lining board, so that is very suitable for crushing hard rocks with high efficiency and saves energy; 5) The unique structure of the machine makes the discharged materials in smaller granularity diameter and cube shape and without internal lines; 6) The final product is in the shape of cube and the discharged granularity can be adjusted; 7) The whole crushing process is simplified; 8) The machine is started in a comprehensive hydraulic way, so it is more convenient for maintenance and changing the easy-wearing parts; Technical details: Model

Specification Feed opening The Maximum Capacity Power Total Overall dimension （mm）（mm） Feeding Size（mm）（t/h）（kw） weight（t）（L×W×H）（mm）

PF-1007 Φ1000×700

400×730

300

30-70

37-45

2330×1660×2300

PF-1010 Φ1000×1050 400×1080

350

50-90

45-55

2370×1700×2390

PF-1210 Φ1250×1050 400×1080

350

70-130

110

17.7

2680×2160×2800

PF-1214 Φ1250×1400 400×1430

350

100-180

132

22.4

2650×2460×2800

PF-1315 Φ1320×1500 860×1520

500

130-250

220

3180×2720×2620

PF-1520 Φ1500×2000 830×2040

700

300-550 315-400

50.6

3959×3564×3330

PF-1820 Φ1800×2000 1260×2040

800

600-800 630-710

83.21

4400×3866×4009

3. Fine Impact Crusher The PCX fine impact crusher is digests home and abroad vanguard technology, unifies newest generation of highly effective small aggregate crusher which the domestic correlation profession concrete operating mode condition develops. Uses in each kind of medium degree of hardness solid material, in cement industry, limestone in broken bits, paste, chamotte, and so on mix material. Also can crush may the calcium phosphide in broken bits, the dolomite, and so on pearl ore. It is widely used in the building materials, the chemical fertilizer industry sector and so on mining and fire-proof material. Application of Fine Impact Crusher: It is applicable for granite, basalt, cement clinker, quartz, emery, ore, iron ore and bauxite with large production capacity, long service life hammerhead and environmental protection and energy conservation features. Additionally, the pebbles fine crushing prevent the traditional sand stone making equipments feature which is only applicable for the soft rock(under 150MPa). Working Principle: When the fine impact crusher works, with the help of the motor, the fine impact crusher’s rotor rotates fast, the material is crushed by the shock of rotor’s hammer in the first crushing zone, and being crushed in the second fine crushing zone, then discharged from the output. Technical details: Model

Feeding size(mm)

Discharging size(mm)

Capacity(t/h)

Power(kw)

Weight(t)

PCX800×400

≤60

≤5(96%)

20-25

2.5

PCX800×600

≤60

≤5(94%)

35-50

4.7

PCX800×800

≤70

≤5(92%)

40-60

6.5

PCX1000×1000

≤80

≤5(91%)

60-90

8.8

PCX1000×1200

≤90

≤5(88%)

75-110

110

13.6

PCX1200×1200

≤100

≤5(86%)

120-145

160

19.5

PCX1300×1400

≤120

≤5(85%)

145-180

180

4. VSI Crusher The working principle of VSI Crusher (sand making machine) has mainly stone hit the stone (material against material) andstone hit iron (material against iron). Stone hit the stone (material against material): through the hopper, the material enters into the crusher, and is divided into two parts by bulk cone. A portion of materials falls into the high-speed rotation swing wheel, and is rapidly accelerated. Then it is thrown away from the swinging wheel. This parts material hit another part material, which falls down from all round of the bulk cone. Stone hit iron (material against iron): The basic work principle is similar with “stone hit the stone”. The difference is that the crushing cavity of "stone hit stone" installs the impact board, and the material forms material lining. But “stone hit iron” use the around guard plate replaced the lower guard board, and the material directly impact on the around guard plate and broken. Technical details: Model

Max Feed Size(mm)

Speed of Rotor(r/min)

Capacity(t/h)

Motor Power(Kw)

Overall Dimensions(L×W×H)(mm)

Weight(Kg)

VI-01

30 ( 50 )

2300-3200

3-20

7.5-22

2200×1300×1880

≤2800

VI-02

40 ( 60 )

2000-2500

10-40

30-45

2200×1500×1580

≤3350

VI-03

45 ( 70 )

1700-2000

30-60

75-90

3600×1600×1810

≤4900

VI-04

55 ( 70 )

1400-1620

50-90

110-150

3700×1800×1900

≤6900

VI-05

65 ( 80 )

1330-1530

80-150

180-264

4000×2160×2230

≤11640

VI-06

80 ( 100 )

1200-1400

120-250

264-320

5200×2660×2560

≤15170

VI-07

80 ( 100 )

1000-1200

180-350

320-400

5300×2660×2830

≤16280

VI-08

100 ( 150 )

1000-1100

250-500

440-500

6000×3000×3420

≤23450

VI-08(II)

100 ( 150 )

1000-1100

400-650

500-630

6000×3000×3590

≤25050

VI-09

110 ( 150 )

900-1000

550-1200

630-740

6200×3300×3890

≤33100

5. Cone Crusher When cone crusher begins to work, the electro motor drives the eccentric sleeve through the spring coupling, drive shaft and a pair of angle gear, so that the crushing wall of cone crusher gets close to and then gets away from the surface of the rolling mortar wall fixed on the adjusting sleeve, and the ores inside the crushing chamber will be constantly impacted, squeezed and bent to be crushed. Technical Details:

Model

Chamber

Max.feed size(mm) Min discharge opening(mm)

Motor

Capacity(t/h)

Weight (t)

power

(kw)

DMC1000 C/M/F/EF

160/115/80/50

13/10/8/6

110

50-235

10.8/10.51

DMC1160 C/M/F/EF

180/130/90/60

13/10/10/6

132

60-260

15.5

DMC1300 C/M/F/EF

200/150/102/70

16/13/10/8

200

88-390

22.3

DMC1380 C/M/F/EF

215/160/115/76

19/16/13/8

220

11-440

26.3

DMC1650 C/M/F/EF

235/175/130/90

22/19/13/10

250

148-580

36.5

DMC1950 C/M/F/EF

350/203/140/95

22/16/13/10

280-315

180-725

44.3

185/125/95

22-38/16-32/13-26

160

95-225

10.9

DHP300 EC/C/M/F

230/211/150/107

26-51/22-45/16-38/13-32

220

110-400

17.8

DHP400 EC/C/M/F

300/250/200/120

32-51/26-51/22-45/16-38

315

237-570

DHP500 EC/C/M/F

335/280/210/133

32-51/26-51/22-45/16-38

400

370-884

34.1

DHP200

C/M/F

6. Ball Mill Ball Mill is mainly used to grind materials in mineral, cement, refractory, chemical industry, etc. Ball Mill has dry and wet ways. When wet Ball Mill works, certain water and other liquid will be added into materials to increase flow ability of materials, so the capacity is increased. When dry Ball Mill works, capacity is affected because material flow ability is reduced, so absorbing wind device is needed on the outlet of Ball Mill, and then negative pressure is formed in the Ball Mill to increase flow ability of material, so the capacity is increased. Working principle: When the ball mill works, motor and speed reducer transmit torque force to big and small gears of ball mill, so the barrel rotates. When the barrel rotates, Steel balls or other grinding media in the barrel are lifted to a certain height and fall down freely, so materials in the barrel are impacted. Grinding media mixing with materials impact and grind materials continuously. The grinding media and materials impact and grind each other when the ball mill rotates continuously. The final product will be discharged from outlet when it meets the request, so the grinding process is finished application range, simple structure and convenient maintenance.

Technical Details: Model

Feeding size(mm) Discharging size(mm) Capacity(t)

Motor power(kw)

Total Weight(t)

Ø900×1800

≤20

0.075-0.89

0.65-2

18.5

5.8

Ø 900×3000

≤20

0.075-0.89

1.1-3.5

6.8

Ø 1200×2400

≤25

0.075-0.6

1.5-4.8

Ø 1200×3000

≤25

0.074-0.4

1.6-5

13.2

Ø 1200×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

1.6-5.8

13.7

Ø 1500×3000

≤25

0.074-0.4

2-5

16.5

Ø 1500×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

3-6

110

Ø 1500×5700

≤25

0.074-0.4

3.5-6

130

24.7

Ø 1830×3000

≤25

0.074-0.4

4-10

130

34.5

Ø 1830×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

4.5-12

155

Ø 1830×6400

≤25

0.074-0.4

6.5-15

210

Ø 1830×7000

≤25

0.074-0.4

7.5-17

245

Ø 2100×3000

≤25

0.074-0.4

6.5-36

155

Ø 2100×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

8-43

245

Ø 2100×7000

≤25

0.074-0.4

8-48

280

67.5

Ø 2200×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

9-45

280

Ø 2200×6500

≤25

0.074-0.4

14-26

380

Ø 2200×7000

≤25

0.074-0.4

15-28

380

65.3

Ø 2 200×7500

≤25

0.074-0.4

15-30

380

66.5

Ø 2400×3000

≤25

0.074-0.4

7-40

245

Ø 2400×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

8.5-30

320

Ø 2700×4000

≤25

0.074-0.4

12-35

400

Ø 2700×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

12-40

430

102

Ø 3200×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

15-60

600

137

Ø 3600×4500

≤25

0.074-0.4

16-60

850

158

Ø 3600×6000

≤25

0.074-0.4

18-62

1250

175

Upon Ball mill: Diameter from 900mm to 4200mm Length: 1800mm to 14000mm Pls let us know what kind of ball mill you are looking for, and then we provide you full technical details with specifications.

7. Rotary Dryer Despite the introduction of new technology, the long established Rotary Rotary Dryer is still widely regarded as the workhorse of many process industries. The robust yet simple construction combines flexibility with reliability, enabling this type of dryer to handle a vast range of materials and to operate continuously under the most arduous conditions. The design also permits the use of the highest possible drying temperatures and in contrast to other dryers is not sensitive to wide variations in material size, moisture content or throughput. Principles of Operation In its simplest form, the Rotary Dryer consists of a slightly inclined rotating cylinder, fitted with a series of peripheral flights arranged to lift, distribute and transport the material. The flights are designed to suit the particular handling characteristics of the material, which may vary with increasing dryness. The principle of operation is based on showering, or cascading the wet material through a hot gas stream, flowing either co-current or counter-current to the solids. The hot gas induces the evaporation of the moisture. The heat lost to the material and evaporation of water vapor reduces the gas temperature rapidly, such that it leaves the dryer at a comparatively low temperature. The efficiency of the dryer is largely dependent on the differential between the inlet and exhaust gas temperatures, although the heat transfer rate is also influenced by the relationship between the design of flights and the speed of rotation. However, irrespective of the gas and material temperatures the drying (or residence) time may be critical, as this is governed by the rate of diffusion of water from the core to the surface of the material. For special applications, the rotary cascade design is adapted to provide a shortfall, or ‘Cruciform’, lifter configuration. Inner Surface is different upon various usage:

Rotary Dryer Dimensions: Capacity: 0.7-150t/h Heating Temp: 100°C--700°C Diameter: 800mm-4000mm Length: 6000mm—130 000mm Power: According to the dryer and its capacity. Material: Q235, G20, 310S, 253MA, 309S, Q245, etc.

8. Flotation Cells The impellers are driven through V belt transmission, which brings centrifugal effect to form the negative pressure. On the one hand, the flotation machine inhales sufficient air to mix with ore slurry; on the other hand, it stirs ore slurry and mix with medication to form the mineralized froth. To adjust the height of flashboard to control the liquid level and make the useful froth scraped by loam board. Each chute can inhale gas, sink magma, separate. No assisting equipments are required, and it must be levelly installed. It is easy to change the flow chart. The cycling way of magma is very reasonable. It can reduce the impurities to a great extent. There is automatic equipment on the magma surface, easy to adjust. The impeller also owns the upper and lower retroversion blade. The upper one makes the magma cycle upward, while the lower one makes the magma cycle downward. Technical Details: Capacity (m³/min)

Major motor power (kW)

Scraper motor power（kW）

Weight (t/cell)

442

0.2-0.4

1.5

1.1

0.4

350

400

0.3-1

1.1

0.9

1.2

450

312

0.6-1.2

5.5

1.1

1.4

SF2.8

2.8

550

268

1.5-3.5

1.1

2.2

SF4

650

235

1.5

2.6

SF8

760

191

1.5

4.3

SF16

850

190

1.5

7.4

Model

Cell Volume (m³)

Impeller diameter (mm)

Impeller speed (r/min)

SF0.37

0.37

300

SF0.7

0.7

SF1.2