Corridor Analysis A Template Analysis for Birmingham Framework
Draft March 2010
Giattina Aycock Architecture Studio gastudio.com
Draft March 2010
Analysis Key
The following analysis were conducted to measure the effects of infrastructure networks on population density, and density shifts over time. Each analysis follows a specified corridor documenting changes in density, relative density of nearby cities, and road intersections. The white boundaries on the MSA Census Tract map (bottom of pg3) represent census tract data collection areas. These areas are defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. In the following analysis they are colored based on their density value, which is also represented vertically in the graph above it. The graph communicates census tracts as a change in height and associated color corresponding with the density of that tract. Larger census tracts are consequently less dense as a census tract boundary is usually determined by a population amount of around 4500
Demographics
people. The cities aligning the analysis road are listed in the “City Limits/Avg Density� bar showing the distance of exposure they have directly to the corridor and the average density for each city within its city limits as a whole. This is not to be confused with the density of each individual census tract represented in the graph. The graph at the very top marks the change in density for each of the represented census tracts from 19902000. Positive growth is shown at the top in a dark red color while decline in density is illustrated below it in yellow. It is a graphic representation of the difference between the black 1990 graph line and each colored census tract in the persons/ sq mile graph.
Corridor Analysis MSA
City Demographic1
City1
#
demographic factors tied to the same analysis area census tracts.
# Demographic2
the area, and elude to demographic situations unique from the whole.
City3
City4
City5
#
The table to the right illustrates a spark line measuring other
These lines help to paint a more complete picture of what’s going on in
City2
# # #
Demographic3
# # #
Demographic4
# # #
Demographic5
# # #
Distance (Miles)
2
0
10
20
30
1152
499
386
Change in Density
347
446
396
365 205
184
192 50
1990-2000 36 185
City Limits/Avg Density
18
104
176
1,454.7 City2
1,673 City3
2,563 City4
1,683.3 City5
11
14
227
729 City1
82
33
18
6 16
1,094 City6
582.7 City8
1,619.7
City7
2,830.3 City9
Persons/Sq Mile Comparative City1 Comparative City2
#### #### ####
#### 1990 Comparative City3
####
2000
#### Birmingham Average 1,619
Comparative City4
#### ####
### Miles
5
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
All Roads Major Roads Interstate Exits 20 59
150
31
65
280
20
59
78
MSA Census Tract Map
Analysis Area
Misc Area
#### #### #### #### #### #### #### Roads Analyzed Rd Data Source
N
0 mi
5
Draft March 2010
10
3
Analysis Density Along 459/150 Corridor
The analysis parameters are essentially defined following 459 and Highway 150. The study focused on the analysis of density pockets, and so the path analyzed does not follow only 459, but instead connects three groupings of high density pockets. This was accomplished by extending the “459 corridor” to the east as illustrated with a dotted line in order to include Center Point, and cutting up Highway 150 to the west to include the density of Bessemer. The point of the analysis is to make a comparison between thriving dense areas over time in relation to distances and road infrastructure. Interesting conclusions are drawn such as the fact that the density within the city limits of Cahaba Heights is much higher than the density of Cahaba Heights lining 459 while the opposite is true for
Demographics
Trussville. Also to be noted are the areas of growth in relation to the areas of high density. Center Point and Bessemer’s density pockets generally have a very dense center along the interstate and step downward to a low point. Hoover’s density along the corridor trickles out to a much wider distance and has grown the most over the 10 year period. Lastly, it’s interesting to consider the placement of intersecting roads along the corridor in relation to density. The areas of higher sustained density along 459 are those located next to the greatest cluster of interstate intersections. The number of intersecting secondary roads also play a role, such as the greater amount of small road intersections in Center Point and Bessemer’s densities.
MSA
City Density
The demographic characteristics of the corridor as illustrated to the right display some typical conclusions. In places where the density spikes upward, there is generally a small downturn in characteristics such as income and an increase in characteristics such as unemployment and poverty. However, there are some unique characteristics associated with Hoover and Vestavia. These areas have a consistent density, but don’t seem to suffer the same extreme downturns in income and spikes in unemployment.
459/150 Corridor
Bessemer
Hoover
Vestavia
Mt. Brook
Cnt Point
3777 1585 79
Graduation Rate
99% 83.3% 66%
Per Capita Income
$46,000 $23,944 $10,000
Unemployment
12.1% 4.2% 1.4%
Poverty
30.1% 9.6% 1.4%
Distance (Miles)
4
0
10
20
30
1152
499
386
Change in Density
347
446
396
365 205
184
192 50
1990-2000 36 185
City Limits/Avg Density City
18
104
176
1,454.7 Hoover
1,673 2,563 Vestavia Cahaba
11
14
227
729 Bessemer
82
33
18
6 16
1,683.3 1,094 Mt. Brook Irondale
582.7 Truss.
1,619.7 Bham
2,830.3 Center Point
Persons/Sq Mile Portland, OR 4,228 Altanta, GA 4018 Dallas, TX 3697 3600
2700 1990 San Bernadino, CA 2612
2000
Charlotte, NC 2,525 1800 Birmingham, AL 1,619
Nashville, TN 1,134 900 Oklahoma City, OK
871
100 Miles
0
5
10
20
15
25
30
35
All Roads Major Roads Interstate Exits 150
20 59
31
65
20
280
59
78
MSA Census Tract Map
Analysis Area
Misc Area
Center Point
Bessemer
4501+ 3601-4500 2701-3600
Birmingham
Trussville
1801-2700 459
901-1800 101-900 0-100 Roads
Hoover
Analyzed Rd All Data from U.S. Census Bureau: 2000 & 1990 Decennial Census 2000 Summary File 1; GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000. Geographic representations calculated with Google Earth & Tigerline shape files.
N
0 mi
5
Draft March 2010
10
5
Analysis Density Along 75/31 Corridor
In contrast to the previous analysis, the graph on the next page illustrates density along a linear path through the city core. The density here is established, older, and may be shifting to accommodate new infrastructure. The density here is much more stable across the studied area as whole without with less delineation between high density areas. Another interesting factor is that the growth and decline continue to trend towards linear density, unlike the previous analysis where separations between the density pockets continued to increase. A large difference in the surveyed area of this graph as compared to the previous one, is that this path follows highways and smaller roads instead of a major interstate. Linear density seems to make sense on a smaller street scale where
Demographics
housing can exist and access the street easily from both sides. With Interstates, the density is restricted to pockets where exits exist, and feed into smaller transportation systems. These areas with greater numbers of intersections may not have a relatively higher density, but have experienced the most growth between 1990 and 2000 with the exception of Center Point. However, the area of the analysis with the highest concentration of interstate nodes may have a relatively high density, but has seen the largest decrease in density from 1990-2000.
75/31 Corridor MSA
City Density
The most interesting area in the chart to the right is that small area between Birmingham and Homewood. The Density remains high, but this area does not show the typical fall in graduation rates and income. Just to the right of this area, is even less dense, but shows the typical signs of low graduation, low income, and high poverty associated with dense, but failing city cores. This could show a possible economic shift from the historic city core, to a newer city core south of the original.
Alabaster
Helena
Hoover
Homewood
Birmingham
Center Point
5765 2960 156
Graduation
99.6% 77.4% 55.1%
Income
$60,270 $34,489 $8,708
Unemployment
31% 15.7% .4%
Poverty
46.3% 24.5% 2.6%
Distance (miles) 0
6
10
20
30
40
50
1222 1067
1045 978
824
623
853 386 236 119
Change in Density
689 226
162
180
291 162
228
61
57
1990-2000
105
99
271
222 213
244
15 30 9
72 83 103
71 95
143 101
412
1164
City Limits/ Avg Density
1104.8 Alabaster
603 378.2 Helena Pelham
1,454.7 Hoover
3014 1,619.7 Homewood Birmingham
1673 Vestavia
2,830.3 721.2 Center Point Pinson
Persons/sq mile
4500 Altanta, GA 4018 3600 1990 2000 2700 Charlotte, NC 2,525 1800 Birmingham, AL 1,619
900 Oklahoma City, OK
871 100 Miles
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
All Roads Major Roads Interstate Exits
65
459
65
280
20 59
59
79
MSA Census Tracts Analysis Area
Birmingham
Misc Area
Homewood
4501+ Helena
3601-4500
Center Point
2701-3600 1801-2700
Alabaster
101-900 0-100
75
Hoover
901-1800 31
Roads Analyzed Rd All Data from U.S. Census Bureau: 2000 & 1990 Decennial Census 2000 Summary File 1; GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000. Geographic representations calculated with Google Earth & Tigerline shape files.
N
0 mi
5
Draft March 2010
10
7
GA
STUDIO
GIATTINA AYCOCK ARCHITECTURE STUDIO
1827 FIRST AVENUE NORTH, SUITE 100 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35203 MAIL: P.O. BOX 55488, AL 35255 205.933.9060 F:205.939.1096 GASTUDIO.COM
Unless otherwise noted all of the content in this document, Birmingham Framework, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike United States License.
Draft March 2010